cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the use of variance reduction techniques when comparing simulation systems at the steady state

Abstract The analysis of non-terminating simulations requires accurate point and interval estimation for measures of performance at the steady state. Variance reduction techniques are intended to improve precision in the estimates. Many of these methods have been focussed on the study of a single system. However, little attention has been devoted to the problem of applying variance reduction techniques when comparing different systems' configurations at the steady state. A first step in addressing this problem is determining the feasibility and convenience of using a specific variance reduction technique. In this work, an analysis and recommendations for using several well-known variance reduction techniques on different situations, including cases where the systems do not reach the steady state, are presented.
A Correlational Pilot Study of Home Health Nurse Management of Heart Failure Patients and Hospital Readmissions

Heart failure is the leading cause of hospital admissions in patients more than 65 years old. The failure to provide carefully planned care to heart failure patients in the home setting predisposes...
A learning model for a continuum of sensory states

Abstract This paper investigated a learning model for signal detection which assumes a continuum of sensory states. The model, a generalization of a model originally proposed by Kac (1962, 1969), and selected special cases of this model were evaluated in a 2AFC signal detection task. The general model and its associated special models are quite tractable from the point of view of parameter estimation, and the axioms of the models generate tractable functions for the theoretical probabilities on each trial. Of the special models evaluated, the Kac error-correction model gave the poorest fit on the average.
FOREIGN EXPERIENCE OF TOP MANAGEMENT TEAMS AND INTERNATIONAL DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES OF U.S. MULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONS

This paper extends upper echelon theory to the international business arena and tests the hypothesis that the foreign experience of top management team (TMT) members is associated with international diversification strategies. Regression analyses indicate that TMTs with a higher mean, greater heterogeneity, and a higher proportion of managers with foreign experience in 54 U.S. multinational corporations were significantly associated with the firm's international involvement.
Calibration of pipelined ADC gain and memory errors in an adaptively equalized receiver

This paper presents a method to calibrate the gain and memory errors of a pipelined analog-to-digital converter (ADC) used in an adaptively equalized baseband receiver. Both types of errors degrade ADC linearity, which significantly limits overall system performance. Adaptive finite-impulse-response filters at the output of each pipeline stage correct gain and memory errors and also perform channel equalization. The least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm is used to adapt the filter coefficients. The objective is to minimize the mean square error across the sheer in the receiver. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate improved performance with calibration.
RDF Data-Centric Storage

The vision of the Semantic Web has brought about new challenges at the intersection of web research and data management. One fundamental research issue at this intersection is the storage of the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data: the model at the core of the Semantic Web. We present a data-centric approach for storage of RDF in relational databases. The intuition behind our approach is that each RDF dataset requires a tailored table schema that achieves efficient query processing by (1) reducing the need for joins in the query plan and (2) keeping null storage below a given threshold. Using a basic structure derived from the RDF data, we propose a two-phase algorithm involving clustering and partitioning. The clustering phase aims to reduce the need for joins in a query. The partitioning phase aims to optimize storage of extra (i.e., null) data in the underlying relational database. Our approach does not assume a particular query workload, relevant for RDF knowledge bases with a large number of ad-hoc queries. Extensive experimental evidence using three publicly available real-world RDF data sets (i.e., DBLP, DBPedia, and Uniprot) shows that our schema creation technique provides superior query processing performance compared to state-of-the art storage approaches. Further, our approach is easily implemented, and complements existing RDF-specific databases.
Grayscale optical correlator for real-time onboard ATR

Jet Propulsion Laboratory has been developing grayscale optical correlator (GOC) for a variety of automatic target recognition (ATR) applications. As reported in previous papers, a 128 X 128 camcorder-sized GOC has been demonstrated for real-time field ATR demos. In this paper, we will report the recent development of a prototype 512 X 512 GOC utilizing a new miniature ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator with a 7-micrometers pixel pitch. Experimental demonstration of ATR applications using this new GOC will be presented. The potential of developing a matchbox-sized GOC will also be discussed. A new application of synthesizing new complex-valued correlation filters using this real-axis 512 X 512 SLM will also be included.© (2001) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of subcallosal lesions on "hypothesis" behavior in rats)

In studying effects of subcallosal lesions in juvenile and adult rats on a simple learning task, Ss ran a multiple-path maze, each path differing in length and position, but all leading to the goal box. Relative to Cs, Es in both age groups (1) failed to learn a preference for the shortest path to the to the goal; (2) showed greater activity; and (3) showed fewer “balks.” juvenile Es generally showed fewer lesion effects than adults.
Sum rules for E1 transitions in 16O and 15N

Abstract Electric dipole transition rates from even-parity states of 15 N to ground state are calculated in a nuclear shell model. The terms of greatest dipole strength are in the giant resonance region and correspond to pure 1 p 3 2 → 1 d 5 2 excitations. Also, total cross sections for 15 N( γ , p 0 ) 14 C and 15 N( γ , n 0 ) 14 N are calculated and compared with experiment. Construction of dipole states of 15 N and 16 O in the n-p formalism permits the identification of specific terms in the residual interaction which account for the energy and width of dipole states. Finally, sum rules for E1 and single-particle amplitudes are discussed.
Altered adenylyl cyclase responsiveness subsequent to point mutations of Asp 128 in the third transmembrane domain of the δ-opioid receptor

delta-Opioid receptors belong to the superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors, characterized by seven putative transmembrane domains, and have been shown to interact with a host of effector systems. It has been suggested that the charge on the conserved aspartic acid residue at position 128 in transmembrane domain 3 of the delta-opioid receptor contributes to both the conformation of the receptor binding pocket and the molecular rearrangements which accompany the establishment of high-affinity states of the receptor. In light of this, we used site-directed mutagenesis to determine whether this residue participates in the transmission of signals to adenylyl cyclase, the effector with which opioid receptors have been classically associated. Substitution of this aspartic acid (D128) for the neutral amino acid alanine, or the protonated amino acids lysine and histidine, constitutively couples the receptor to adenylyl cyclase, as evidenced by a curtailed response to forskolin stimulation in transfected cells. In addition, this constitutive activity can be blocked by pretreatment of the transfected cells with pertussis toxin. Interestingly, naloxone blocks this effect in cells expressing the D128A mutant, but acts as an agonist at the D128K mutant. Our findings support the hypothesis that the interaction between agonist and receptor promotes conformational changes that may be mimicked, at least in part, by mutation of the aspartate residue at position 128. Furthermore, these changes appear to be involved not only in receptor activation, but also in the functional discrimination between agonists and antagonists.
Mind versus metabolism in the control of food intake and energy balance

In a restrictive food environment, the homeostatic control system regulates body weight and adiposity with remarkable precision. However, this regulation appears to break down in many genetically predisposed individuals under conditions prevailing in the modern era characterized by a sedentary lifestyle and easy availability of large portions of palatable and calorically dense food. The nervous system is the main interface by which food-related environmental factors influence the regulatory process. Thus, focusing on the neural systems located in the telencephalon dealing with environmental factors, and on their connections with the homeostatic regulatory system distributed mainly in the hypothalamus and brainstem, should result in new drug targets and behavioral strategies for prevention and therapy. The structures providing this interface with the environment are involved in the initiation, procurement, and appetitive phases of ingestive behavior and associative learning before, during, and after the consummatory phase. It is thought that learned and unlearned representations of foods and food cues in the orbitofrontal and other cortical areas are filtered for affective/emotional value in the amygdala and for motivational salience in the nucleus accumbens/ventral striatum to initiate goal-directed motor programs. Internal state signals generated by the metabolic sensing mechanisms in the hypothalamus interact with each of these corticolimbic structures through reciprocal connections. While many projections from the hypothalamus contain the various "feeding peptides," the neurochemistry of projections to the hypothalamus has not been well characterized.
La découverte des hormones hypothalamiques et le développement des analogues antitumoraux

Although after the discovery of GnRH, research was initially directed towards the treatment of infertility, the development during the last twenty-five years of synthetic GnRH analogs has led to major advances in the diagnosis and treatment of endocrine disorders and cancer. Agonists are 50-100 times more potent than the natural neuropeptide and induce an intense and constant secretion of gonadotrophins, while their continuous administration induces hypophyseal desensitization with a fall in FSH and LH production leading to a reduction in sex hormones production and therefore chemical castration. This has been used for the treatment of precocious puberty, in vitro fertilization protocols and management of various hormone-dependent cancers such as prostate and breast cancer, a field where these indications are being continually extended. LHRH antagonists, used at doses higher than those of agonists, induce an immediate inhibition of gonadotrophin secretion and rapidly reduce sex steroid levels. Their development is more recent, and they have begun to find a role in prostatic diseases, cancer and benign prostatic hypertrophy. The discovery of GnRH receptors in various types of cancer has suggested a direct cytotoxic effect on cancer cells as well as the indirect hormonal effect. Research currently in the preclinical stage involves the use of combinations of ligand analogs and cytotoxic agents to increase the anti-tumoral specificity of chemotherapy and provide greater efficacy and reduced collateral toxicity. The management strategy of prostate, breast and ovarian cancers may therefore be considerably modified. Likewise, this concept of targeted chemotherapy using analogs acting as cytotoxic agent carriers up to the tumor site is the aim of research to evaluate somatostatin and bombesin.
Laminin in rat sciatic nerve undergoing Wallerian degeneration. Immunofluorescence study with laminin and neurofilament antisera.

Immunofluorescence with laminin antisera revealed a striking change in the localization of this basal membrane glycoprotein in rat sciatic nerve as a result of Wallerian degeneration. The staining was confined to the endoneurium in normal sciatic nerve and during the first days of degeneration. On day 11 endoneurial tubes were no longer identified in the distal stump of crushed nerves or of nerves that had been transected and tightly ligated to prevent regeneration. In both crushed and ligated nerves proliferating Schwann cells forming the cell-bands of Bungner were intensely laminin positive. With double-labeling experiments, laminin and neurofilament antisera revealed similar but not identical staining patterns in crushed nerves, which suggests a close relation between laminin and regenerating axons. Crushed nerves had recovered their normal appearance 18 days after operation while anti-laminin reactivity was decreased in parts of ligated nerves undergoing fibrosis. The localization of laminin in reactive Schwann cells was confirmed by electron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase procedure. Axons did not contain reaction product.
Pressure and Three-Component Velocity Measurements on a Diffuser That Generates Longitudinal Vortices

This paper presents flowfield measurements on a wide-angle, three-dimensional diffuser that has a vastly improved static-pressure recovery over the corresponding plane-wall diffuser when discharging into a plenum. The diffuser geometry consists of a pyramid-shaped insert attached to the diffuser expansion wall. The upsweep on the upper surface of the pyramid generates a transverse pressure gradient that causes the incoming flow to roll up into two symmetric, longitudinal vortices. Earlier flow-visualisation studies have shown that these vortices replace the closed separated regions along the diffuser expansion wall, eliminating flow oscillations and hysteresis. The paper presents quantitative information in the form of static pressure, total pressure and three-component Laser Doppler Velocimeter (LDV) measurements on the diffuser flowfield for two variations in the pyramid geometry. Information from these studies is useful in developing configurations with enhanced pressure recoveries. The greatly improved static-pressure recovery of this diffuser, combined with its superior flowfield features, make it particularly suitable for exhaust diffuser applications.
The impact of computer reservation systems on long haul travel

Today's long haul travelers require destination information before they travel to a destination, and also while they are at the destination. The increasing complexity of the tourism industry and the increasing sophistication and diversity of travelers, makes access to this information both more important and more difficult, especially for long haul destinations. Indeed there are substantial search costs for travelers to identify products in long haul destinations. More accessible information sources on a destination's facilities can reduce the substantial search costs that are incurred in the planning and organization of a long haul trip, and thereby facilitate market transactions in the destinations.
Laticiferous plants of economic importance II

The genus Cnidoscolus, of the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae), is a homogeneous group of herbs. shrubs or small to medium-sized trees indigenous to tropical America, with a few species extending to subtropical and temperate regions. The generic name, derived from the Greek meaning nettle and spine, alludes to the painfully stinging hairs frequently present. Two species of chilte growing in west-central Mexico are now utilized in industry as a source of gutta-like material with high hydrocarbon and resin content.
Exploring the relationships between college students' cell phone use, personality and leisure

Cluster analysis identified three distinct and valid groups of cell phone users.Groups identified: High User (HU), Low Use Extrovert (LUE), Low Use Introvert (LUI).Leisure experience (boredom, challenge, awareness, distress) compared across groups.LUE: highest preference for challenge, most aware, least susceptible to boredom.HU: more susceptible to boredom, experienced the most distress. College students are more likely to use their cell phones for leisure than for school or work. Because leisure is important for health and well-being, and cell phone use has been associated with mental and physical health, the relationship between cell phone use and leisure should be better understood. This research classified college students into distinct groups based on their cell phone use and personality traits, and then compared each group's leisure experiences. Methods: A random sample of students (N=454) completed validated surveys assessing personality (Big 5) and dimensions of the leisure experience (boredom, challenge, distress, awareness). Cell phone use and demographics were also assessed. Results: A cluster analysis produced a valid, three-group solution: a "High Use" group characterized primarily by cell phone use (over 10h/day), and two Low Use groups (3h/day) characterized by divergent personalities (extroverted and introverted). ANOVA compared each group's leisure experiences and found the "Low Use Extrovert" had significantly less boredom, greater preference for challenge, and greater awareness of opportunities and benefits than the other groups (p<.01). The "High Use" group experienced significantly more leisure distress than the other groups (p<.05). Implications for health and well-being are discussed.
Characterization of a saphenous vein graft aneurysm by intravascular ultrasound and computerized three-dimensional reconstruction.

Aneurysmal dilatations in saphenous vein grafts are rare complications of coronary artery bypass surgery that mostly represent thin-wall pseudoaneurysms at anastomotic sites. We describe a case of an enlarging distal saphenous vein graft aneurysm in which intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and computerized three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of the IVUS images was performed to conclusively demonstrate true aneurysm morphology. Although both atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic mechanisms for vein graft aneurysm formation have been previously suggested, IVUS images and 3DR of the aneurysm in this case did not reveal any of the features typical for atherosclerotic lesions. Further, the IVUS images and 3DR suggest that progressive atherosclerosis is not the likely cause of aneurysm formation in this case. This application of IVUS and 3DR provides detailed information about saphenous vein graft aneurysm structure, clues to aneurysm formation, and suggests a natural history that may differ from that of pseudoaneurysms. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Pediatric oral anatomy

Given the frequency with which operative intervention is undertaken in the pediatric oral cavity and oropharynx, knowledge of the anatomy is critical for all otolaryngologists. There are subtle, yet significant differences from adult oral anatomy that can affect the approach to operative intervention. Here, we present pediatric oral anatomy as it pertains to operative approach and technique.
Comparison of PMP-Driven Probable Maximum Floods with Flood Magnitudes due to Increasingly Urbanized Catchment: The Case of American River Watershed

AbstractSince historical (predam) data are traditionally the sole criterion for dam design, future (postdam) meteorological and hydrological variability due to land-use and land-cover change cannot be considered for assessing design robustness. For example, postdam urbanization within a basin leads to definite and immediate increase in direct runoff and reservoir peak inflow. On the other hand, urbanization can strategically (i.e., gradually) alter the mesoscale circulation patterns leading to more extreme rainfall rates. Thus, there are two key pathways (immediate or strategic) by which the design flood magnitude can be compromised. The main objective of the study is to compare the relative contribution to increase in flood magnitudes through direct effects of land-cover change (urbanization and less infiltration) with gradual climate-based effects of land-cover change (modification in mesoscale storm systems). The comparison is cast in the form of a sensitivity study that looks into the response to the ...
Organische Phosphorverbindungen VIII. Die direkte Synthese von Alkyl‐ und Aryl‐halogenphosphinen

The reaction of methyl chloride, methyl bromide, methyl iodide, trifluoro-methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, ethyl bromide, butyl bromide, and phenyl bromide with red phosphorus has been studied under a variety of conditions. In additon, the reaction of white phosphorus with methyl bromide and phenyl bromide is also described. The synthesis and properties of RPX2 (R = CH3, CF3, C2H5, C6H5, C6H5; X = Cl, Br, I) and R2PX (R = CH3, CF3, C6H5; X = Cl, Br) are reported. The reactions of RPX2 and R2PX With sulfur and with dimethylamine are also described.
Altered Renal Expression of Angiotensin II Receptors, Renin Receptor, and ACE-2 Precede the Development of Renal Fibrosis in Aging Rats

Background: The susceptibility to fibrosis and progression of renal disease is mitigated by inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). We hypothesized that activation of the intrarenal RAS predisposes to renal fibrosis in aging. Methods: Intrarenal expression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1R), type 2 (AT2R), and (pro)renin receptors, ACE and ACE-2, as well as pro- and antioxidant enzymes were measured in 3-month-old (young), 14-month-old (middle-aged), and 24-month-old (old) male Sprague-Dawley rats. Results: Old rats manifested glomerulosclerosis and severe tubulointerstitial fibrosis with increased fibronectin and TGF-β expression (7-fold). AT1R /AT2R ratios were increased in middle-aged (cortical 1.6-fold, medullary 5-fold) and old rats (cortical 2-fold, medullary 4-fold). Similarly, (pro)renin receptor expression was increased in middle-aged (cortical 2-fold, medullary 3-fold) and old (cortical 5-fold, medullary 3-fold) rats. Cortical ACE was increased (+35%) in old rats, whereas ACE-2 was decreased (–50%) in middle-aged and old rats. NADPH oxidase activity was increased (2-fold), whereas antioxidant capacity and expression of the mitochondrial enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (cortical –40%, medullary –53%) and medullary endothelial nitric oxide synthase (–48%) were decreased in old rats. Conclusion: Age-related intrarenal activation of the RAS preceded the development of severe renal fibrosis, suggesting that it contributes to the increased susceptibility to renal injury observed in the elderly.
Pharmacological characterization of perifornical hypothalamic dopamine receptors mediating feeding inhibition in the rat.

Abstract Mapping studies with central drug injections in the hungary rat have identified the perifornical lateral hypothalamus as being uniquely sensitive to the feeding suppressive effects of exogenous dopamine, as well as anorexic drugs which release endogenous catecholamines. In the present study, the hypothalamic dopamine-receptive sites mediating this phenomenon were pharmacologically characterized. These sites, studied via direct drug injection into the perifornical hypothalamus of freely moving, brain-cannulated rats, were found to be most responsive to dopamine, in a dose-dependent manner, but were also activated by other catecholamine receptor stimulants, with the order of potency being dopamine > apomorphine = epinine > norepinephrine. Clinically effective neuroleptic compounds antagonized these dopamine-sensitive sites, apparently in a competitive and stereochemically specific manner. The relative potency of the neuroleptics and structurally related compounds was calculated to be haloperidol > fluphenazine > chlorpromazine > pimozide > promazine. The ineffective neuroleptic promethazine, the tricyclic antidepressants imipramine and desipramine, and the antagonists of α-adrenergic, β-adrenergic, cholinergic, and serotonergic receptors, did not manifest the ability to reverse dopamine's action. These results thus reveal properties of these hypothalamic dopamine-sensitive, feeding inhibitory sites which match to a large extent the characteristics recently identified for dopamine receptors in the periphery and extra-hypothalamic brain areas.
Red blood cells: A new major modality for acetaldehyde transport from liver to other tissues

Abstract After alcohol ingestion, an amount of acetaldehyde much larger than previously appreciated by measurements in plasma is released from the splanchnic areas, travels reversibly bound to the red blood cells, and is taken up by extrahepatic tissues. The magnitude of this new modality for acetaldehyde transport is markedly enhanced in alcoholics and may contribute to acetaldehyde toxicity in extrahepatic tissues. Acetaldehyde, a very reactive metabolite of ethanol, has a number of effects that have been incriminated in several manifestations of alcoholism such as formation of false neurotransmitters (1,2), stimulation of collagen synthesis (3), inhibition of tubulin polymerization (4), mutagenicity (5,6), and inhibition of cardiac protein synthesis (7). However, after alcohol intake, minimal or undetectable concentrations of this metabolite have been consistently found in plasma or in human blood when hemolysis is prevented to avoid in vitro (artefactual) formation of acetaldehyde from ethanol by red cell components (8). The measurement of acetaldehyde in red blood cells or in total blood has been hampered by variable sensitivity, poor recovery and/or very high in vitro artefactual formation from ethanol, which has resulted in widely differing values. The development of a method that allowed for acetaldehyde measurement in the red blood cells with good recovery and small artefactual formation (9) prompted us to investigate the possibility that acetaldehyde could be transported in the blood reversibly bound to the red blood cells.
Vietnam: Marketization and internationalization of its economy

Abstract This paper examines the Vietnamese economy from the perspective of its marketization and internationalization. Vietnam's economy is in the process of a twofold transition: a change from a centrally planned economy to a market economy, of course, with its socialist agenda, and a move away from a closed COMECON-membership to an open internationalized economy. Vietnam has an indigenous, independent economic structure and its development process will draw more upon its endogenous factors. Any facile attempt to place Vietnam in the generic class of transitional economies will lead to misleading and spurious conclusions. Vietnam began its national reconstruction agenda with all the limitations of a war-ravaged, poor economy. It is to be noted that its macroeconomic core has been well positioned. Vietnam's ability to manage its monetary and fiscal policies, as evidenced by its control of money supply, government expenditure, budget deficit, and the rate of inflation merits commendation. Indeed, Vietnam's economic performance since 1986, albeit mixed, have been commendable. Vietnam has adopted an open economic policy, and inflows of direct foreign investment will play a key role in its economic reconstruction. In July 1985 Vietnam became a member of ASEAN, and as such a candidate-member of APEC. With regard to the economic relationship between the United States and Vietnam, it will be facilitated by the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries.
Mechanisms of Verbal Short-Term Memory

problem it poses for traditional chaining theory, in Quantitative Analyses of Behavior: Discrimination Processes, M.L. Commons, R.J. Herrnstein, and A.R. Wagner, Eds. (Ballinger, Cambridge, MA, 1984). 10. H.S. Terrace, Chunking during serial learn ing by a pigeon: I. Basic evidence, journal of Exper imental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 81-93 (1991); M.R. D'Amato and M. Colombo, Representation of serial order in monkeys {Cebus apella), journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 14, 131-139 (1988); K.B. Swartz, S. Chen, and H.S. Terrace, Serial learning by rhesus monkeys: I. Acquisition and retention of multiple four-item lists, journal of Experimental Psy chology: Animal Behavior Processes, 17, 396-410 (1991). 11. B.O. McGonigle and D. Neapolitan, Serial learning in children, manuscript submitted for pub lication (1994). 12. M.R. D'Amato and M. Colombo, Serial learning with wild card items by monkeys {Cebus apella): Implications for knowledge of ordinal posi tion, journal of Comparative Psychology, 15, 252 261 (1989). 13. S. Chen, K. Swartz, and H.S. Terrace, Knowledge of ordinal position of list items in rhesus monkeys, manuscript submitted for publication (1994). 14. S. Chen, K. Swartz, and H.S. Terrace, Serial ?earning in the monkey II: The emergence of a trial and error strategy during the mastery of successive lists, manuscript submitted for publication (1991). 15. P.E. Bryant and T. Trabasso, Transitive in ferences and memory in young children, Nature, 232,456-458 (1971). 16. B.O. McGonigle and M. Chalmers, Are monkeys logical? Nature, 267, 355-377 (1977); B.O. McGonigle and M. Chalmers, Monkeys are rational! Quarterly journal of Experimental Psychol ogy, 45B, 189-228 (1992). 17. M. Harris and B.O. McGonigle, Modelling transitive inference, Quarterly journal of Experimen tal Psychology, 47B, 319-348 (1994). 18. B.O. McGonigle and M. Chalmers, The se lective impact of question form and input mode on the symbolic distance effect in children, journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 37, 525-554 (1984). 19. B. Inhelder and J. Piaget, The Early Growth of Logic in the Child (Routledge & Kegan Paul, Lon don, 1964). 20. M. Chalmers and B.O. McGonigle, An ex perimental analysis of size seriation skills in chil dren, manuscript submitted for publication (1994). 21. B.O. McGonigle and M. Chalmers, An Ex perimental Analysis of Ordering Skills in Children, Economic and Social Science Research Council Project Grant Report (British Library, London, 1993). 22. B.O. McGonigle and C. De Lillo, The spon taneous regulation of strategies in a spatial search task by Cebus apella, manuscript submitted for pub lication (1994). 23. B. St. Johnston, From transitive inference to exhaustive search: Towards self-regulatory models of developmental processes, unpublished doctoral dissertation, Edinburgh University, Edinburgh (1994). 24. S. Sternberg, S. Monsell, and CE. Wright, The latency and duration of rapid movement se quences: Comparisons of speech and typewriting, in Information Processing in Motor Control and Learn ing, G.E. Stelmach, Ed. (Academic Press, New York, 1978).
Behavioral issues involving children and adolescents with epilepsy and the impact of their families: recent research data

Abstract Objective Using data from a larger study on new-onset seizures, we reported preliminary findings concerning relationships between family factors and child behavioral problems at baseline and 24 months. We also explored which baseline and changes in family factors were associated with changes in child behavioral problems over the 24-month period. Methods Subjects were 224 children and their primary caregivers. Data were collected using structured telephone interviews and analyzed using multiple regression. Results Deficient family mastery and parent confidence in managing their child’s discipline were associated with behavior problems at baseline and at 24 months; they also predicted child behavior problems over time. Decreasing parent confidence in disciplining their child was associated with increasing child behavior problems. Decreases in parent emotional support of the child were associated with increases in child internalizing problems. Conclusion Child behavior problems, family environment, and parenting behaviors should be assessed when children present to the clinical setting with new-onset seizures.
Enhanced Gertsenshtein effect in type-II superconductors

Previously published calculations show that gravitational waves propagate inside superconductors with a phase velocity reduction of ∼300 times and a wavenumber increase of ∼300 times. This result has major significance for the propagation of gravitational waves. It is shown here that one important consequence may be regarded as a considerably enhanced Gertsenshtein effect for very-high-frequency gravitational waves within type-II superconductors. This arises because type-II superconductors do not always completely expel large magnetic fields; above their lower critical field they allow vortices of magnetic flux to channel the magnetic field through the material. Within these vortices, the superconducting order parameter reduces to zero and so the material has properties approaching those of normal material or non-superconductor. Varying the applied magnetic field varies the proportion of material that is normal, which consequently affects the propagation speed of very-high-frequency gravitational waves through a type-II superconductor.
An algorithm for inverting linear dynamic systems

An algorithm is presented for inverting transformations associated with linear dynamic systems. The induced inverse system, when it exists, operates on outputs and generates the corresponding inputs of the system to which it is inverse. The applications for inverse systems are found in such diverse areas as control, coding, filtering, and sensitivity analysis.
Multidisciplinary Care of the Diabetic Foot Patient With Infection

The presentation of a diabetic patient with a foot ulcer is a pivotal event in the life history of that patient. The ulcer may lead to infection, local tissue death, and eventual amputation. The development of infection constitutes a foot care emergency, which requires referral to specialized foot care team within 24 hours. This team should comprise physician, podiatrist, nurse, orthotist, radiologist, vascular surgeon, and orthopedic surgeon. The development of an ulcer and subsequent infection reflects an intrinsic impairment of the integrity of body systems that has not only predisposed to an ulcer and infection but which can subsequently lead to loss of homeostasis, severe comorbidities, and eventually to the patient’s death. This may occur in the short term during the presentation of the patient with an ulcer and infection or in the follow-up years. Indeed, the 5-year mortality rate for diabetic patients with a neuropathic ulcer is higher than patients with Hodgkin’s disease, breast cancer, and prostate cancer, and the 5-year mortality rate for patients with ischemic ulcers is higher than those with colon cancer as well as Hodgkin’s disease, breast cancer, and prostate cancer. Thus, there is a high rate of comorbidity in patients with diabetes, foot ulcers, and infections associated with failure of many body systems, including
Implantable venous access device associated complications in patients with hereditary angioedema

This report describes 2 patients with hereditary angioedema, treated with C1 esterase inhibitor prophylaxis via implantable venous access devices (IVADs), who developed complications of superior vena cava syndrome and Candida fungemia related to these devices. Allergy/immunology specialists and patients should be aware of the risks and complications when they choose IVADs for administration of long-term intravenous medications.
β-Arrestin Mediates Desensitization and Internalization but Does Not Affect Dephosphorylation of the Thyrotropin-releasing Hormone Receptor

The G protein-coupled thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor is phosphorylated and binds to beta-arrestin after agonist exposure. To define the importance of receptor phosphorylation and beta-arrestin binding in desensitization, and to determine whether beta-arrestin binding and receptor endocytosis are required for receptor dephosphorylation, we expressed TRH receptors in fibroblasts from mice lacking beta-arrestin-1 and/or beta-arrestin-2. Apparent affinity for [(3)H]MeTRH was increased 8-fold in cells expressing beta-arrestins, including a beta-arrestin mutant that did not permit receptor internalization. TRH caused extensive receptor endocytosis in the presence of beta-arrestins, but receptors remained primarily on the plasma membrane without beta-arrestin. beta-Arrestins strongly inhibited inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate production within 10 s. At 30 min, endogenous beta-arrestins reduced TRH-stimulated inositol phosphate production by 48% (beta-arrestin-1), 71% (beta-arrestin-2), and 84% (beta-arrestins-1 and -2). In contrast, receptor phosphorylation, detected by the mobility shift of deglycosylated receptor, was unaffected by beta-arrestins. Receptors were fully phosphorylated within 15 s of TRH addition. Receptor dephosphorylation was identical with or without beta-arrestins and almost complete 20 min after TRH withdrawal. Blocking endocytosis with hypertonic sucrose did not alter the rate of receptor phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. Expressing receptors in cells lacking Galpha(q) and Galpha(11) or inhibiting protein kinase C pharmacologically did not prevent receptor phosphorylation or dephosphorylation. Overexpression of dominant negative G protein-coupled receptor kinase-2 (GRK2), however, retarded receptor phosphorylation. Receptor activation caused translocation of endogenous GRK2 to the plasma membrane. The results show conclusively that receptor dephosphorylation can take place on the plasma membrane and that beta-arrestin binding is critical for desensitization and internalization.
Measures of Children's Injuries: Self-Reported Versus Maternal-Reported Events with Temporally Proximal Versus Delayed Reporting

Although attention has recently been focused on understanding and preventing children's injuries, much controversy exists over the best data collection methods for examining child injuries. This study examined three methodological issues relevant to childhood injury data collection including the length of time children and parents can be expected to meaningfully recall injuries, whether the parent or child is a preferred informant about the injury, and the potential use of near injuries as a proxy measure for actual child injuries. Both children and their mothers were individually interviewed every 2 weeks for a total of 6 months about both injuries and near injuries. In addition, at the end of the 6-month period, they were asked to recall all injuries that occurred during those 6 months. Overall, children reported more injuries than mothers. Children recalled far fewer and mothers recalled slightly fewer events than had been reported in the biweekly interviews. There were fewer near injury than actual injury events reported, although this varied across categories, with some categories (e.g., car passenger injuries) having more near than actual injuries, and other categories (e.g., cuts, bumps, and bruises) having many more actual than near injuries reported. Limitations of the project are discussed and implications for future research advanced. Language: en
Hydrogen Collision Model of The Staebler-Wronski Effect: Microscopics and Kinetics

A new microscopic and kinetic model of light-induced metastability in hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) is described. Recombination and trapping of photoinduced carriers excite hydrogen from deep Si-H bonds into a mobile configuration, leaving a dangling bond (DB) defect at the site of excitation. Normally, mobile H are recaptured at DB defects and no metastability or net DB production results. However, when two mobile H collide, they form a metastable two-hydrogen complex and leave two spatially-uncorrelated Staebler-Wronski DBs. Thermal and light-induced annealing occur when mobile H are excited from the metastable two-H complex; they diffuse and are recaptured to DBs. The microscopic model is entirely compatible with electron-spin-resonance results showing neither DB-DB nor DB-H spatial correlation of the light-induced DBs. The model leads to new differential equations describing the evolution of the mobile H and DB densities. These equation equations explain the observed room-temperature Ndb~G2/3t1/3 dependence of DB creation upon the electron-hole pair creation rate (G) and time. The model also accounts for both t1/3-kinetics at 4.2K and t1/2-kinetics under laser-pulse soaking. Neither of these results can be explained within the prevailing electron-hole pair recombination model.
Promoting Physical Activity Among Youth Through Community‐Based Prevention Marketing

BACKGROUND: Community-based prevention marketing (CBPM) is a program planning framework that blends community-organizing principles with a social marketing mind-set to design, implement, and evaluate public health interventions. A community coalition used CBPM to create a physical activity promotion program for tweens (youth 9 -1 3 years of age) called VERB ™ Summer Scorecard. Based on the national VERB ™ media campaign, the program offered opportunities for tweens to try new types of physical activity during the summer months. METHODS: The VERB TM Summer Scorecard was implemented and monitored between 2004 and 2007 using the 9 -step CBPM framework. Program performance was assessed through in-depth interviews and a school-based survey of youth. RESULTS: The CBPM process and principles used by school and community personnel to promote physical activity among tweens are presented. Observed declines may become less steep if school officials adopt a marketing mind-set to encourage youth physical activity: deemphasizing health benefits but promoting activity as something fun that fosters spending time with friends while trying and mastering new skills. CONCLUSIONS: Community-based programs can augment and provide continuity to school-based prevention programs to increase physical activity among tweens.
Intergroup Biases as a Function of Reflected Status Appraisals and Support for Legitimizing Ideologies: Evidence from the USA and Israel

Theory and research suggest that members of high-status groups feel more positively about their own group than members of low-status groups feel about their group. The studies presented here test two hypotheses derived from this general idea (1) that members of high-status groups will show greater bias in favor of the in-group when they believe that others perceive the status difference between their group and relevant low-status groups to be larger; and (2) that this relationship will be stronger when high-status group members also endorse ideologies legitimizing their privileged status. However, because low group status may have “self-protective” properties, it was hypothesized that imputed status differences would not relate to out-group bias among low-status group members, regardless of ideology endorsement. Two studies—using samples from the United States and Israel, respectively—provided clear support for these hypotheses. Implications for the study of both intergroup biases and legitimizing ideologies are discussed.
Using a Jini based desktop Grid for test vector compaction and a refined economic model

Testing of very large scale integrated (VLSI) circuits is done by designing huge random sets of vectors of which only a few are useful. The process of filtering these good vectors from the overall set is called vector compaction. As the integrated circuits become denser, this problem is becoming a major bottleneck and the computation time could run into days for a single chip. In this paper we demonstrate how a distributed Grid architecture can be used for the speed-up of the problem. The architecture is based on a Jini desktop Grid. Economic models become a prime issue in such a scenario. The current economic models for minimizing cost or time are ad-hoc and entirely under the control of the broker middleware architecture, leaving the end user with little choice. In this paper we present a revised economic model that gives more choice to the user in terms of time and cost before execution. We match the high-level application layer to the available resources by utilizing a system of composite performance modeling of the available resources. We demonstrate the performance of this new architecture on some VLSI benchmark circuits.
Incompetent Decisionmakers and Withdrawal of Life-Sustaining Treatment: A Case Study:

One of the most challenging and rewarding roles for in-house hospital attorneys is serving as a member of their hospital’s Bioethics Committee (the “Committee”). As a member of the Committee, an attorney assists in developing institutional ethics policies and guidelines, and also participates in ethics consultations involving disputes about patient care. Institutions such as the Author’s employer, Texas Children’s Hospital, promote open and honest communications between members of a patient’s health care team and the patient’s parents and family; however, when communications break down, the Committee’s goal is to provide an objective forum where disputes can be discussed and hopefully resolved in a professional, ethical manner.
TRO-2D - A code for rational transonic aerodynamic optimization

Features and sample applications of the transonic rational optimization (TRO-2D) code are outlined. TRO-2D includes the airfoil analysis code FLO-36, the CONMIN optimization code and a rational approach to defining aero-function shapes for geometry modification. The program is part of an effort to develop an aerodynamically smart optimizer that will simplify and shorten the design process. The user has a selection of drag minimization and associated minimum lift, moment, and the pressure distribution, a choice among 14 resident aero-function shapes, and options on aerodynamic and geometric constraints. Design variables such as the angle of attack, leading edge radius and camber, shock strength and movement, supersonic pressure plateau control, etc., are discussed. The results of calculations of a reduced leading edge camber transonic airfoil and an airfoil with a natural laminar flow are provided, showing that only four design variables need be specified to obtain satisfactory results.
Isolated intracranial Rosai—Dorfman disease: Case report and literature review

Rosai-Dorfman disease, first described in 1969, is a rare idiopathic histioproliferative disease affecting the lymph nodes. Typical clinical features include bilateral painless lymphadenopathy, fever and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia. In approximately 43% of cases, extranodal sites may be involved and occasionally represent the initial or sole manifestation of the disease. Central nervous system manifestations are exceedingly rare, and only 17 cases have been recorded, among which there are merely seven isolated intracranial cases without concurrent nodal or other extranodal involvement. Herein, we report a 38-year-old male presenting with generalized tonic-clonic seizure and radiological findings indicative of meningioma. Complete physical examinations and laboratory surveys demonstrate the absence of involvement at other body sites. Microscopically, the lesion consists of proliferative histiocytes exhibiting emperipolesis coupled with the characteristic cytoplasmic staining against S-100 protein. The differential diagnosis of polymorphic inflammatory meningioma-mimicking masses is discussed, and a review of previously reported intracranial Rosai-Dorfman disease is presented.
From IQ to IC: A dispositional view of intelligence

Traditional psychometric views of intelligence tend to be ability‐centric in nature, stressing the presence of a set of abilities, skills, knowledge, and/or processing capability. However, an alternative to this prevailing paradigm is possible. Specifically, intelligence might be construed as a collection of cognitive dispositions that capture one's tendency to engage in certain patterns of thinking. The author examines what such a characterological conception of intelligence might look like, reviewing the current thinking about the nature of dispositions and about which dispositions most influence good and productive thinking. The author concludes the examination with a discussion of what a characterological conception of intelligence might mean to education.