cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computer-aided design of antenna structures and components

This paper discusses computer-aided design procedures for antenna reflector structures and related components. The primary design aid is a computer program that establishes cross sectional sizes of the structural members by an optimality criterion. Alternative types of deflection-dependent objectives can be selected for designs subject to constraints on structure weight. The computer program has a special-purpose formulation to design structures of the type frequently used for antenna construction. These structures, in common with many in other areas of application, are represented by analytical models that employ only the three translational degrees of freedom at each node. The special-purpose construction of the program, however, permits coding and data management simplifications that provide advantages in problem size and execution speed. Size and speed are essentially governed by the requirements of structural analysis and are relatively unaffected by the added requirements of design. Computation times to execute several design/analysis cycles are comparable to the times required by general-purpose programs for a single analysis cycle. Examples in the paper illustrate effective design improvement for structures with several thousand degrees of freedom and within reasonable computing times.
Rare Testicular Tumor Discovered by Assault: An Unusual Presentation of a Primary Testicular Neuroendocrine Tumor Grade 2

Testicular neuroendocrine tumors (NET) or carcinoid tumors are rare neoplasms which represent 1% of all testicular tumors and can be divided into 3 subgroups: pure primary testicular NET, primary testicular NET associated with a teratoma, and NET metastases to the testis. We report an unusual presentation of a primary testicular neuroendocrine tumor in a 39-year-old male who presented after a physical altercation during a soccer game. Histology showed a diffuse infiltrating tumor with extensive involvement of the tunica albuginea and tunica vaginalis. Immunohistochemical expression of CD56, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A was strongly positive in the tumor cells. Foci of tumor cell necrosis and occasional mitotic figures as well as extensive lymph-vascular invasion were also identified. A review of the literature reveals differing opinions on the prognostic significance of primary tumor size, mitotic index, tumor necrosis, and nuclear atypia. In our patient, the increased mitotic rate (3–5 mitotic figures per 10 hpf and a Ki-67 index of 5%), foci of necrosis, and mild to moderate nuclear atypia warranted a diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor grade 2, formerly atypical carcinoid. Long term surveillance in these patients is essential as metastasis occurs in up to 15% of cases. At the 6-month followup, the patient remains symptom free.
Necrotizing soft-tissue infections: clinical guidelines.

Abstract : The purpose of these guidelines is to examine existing data regarding the diagnosis and treatment of NSTIs and to provide an evidence-based and reasoned approach to the care of patients with NSTI. Users These guidelines target both physicians involved in the initial diagnosis and management of NSTI and specialists involved in the definitive treatment including debridement and coverage procedures of patients with NSTI. Clinical Problem NSTIs are rare but potentially fatal infections involving the skin, subcutaneous tissues, and muscle. Because of accompanying systemic illness and profound inflammatory response, these patients are typically critically ill and have prolonged intensive care unit stays. In addition, these patients have large, complex wounds and are often treated in specialized treatment centers such as burn units.
Reagan's “new beginning”: Is it the “new deal” of the eighties?

This study compares Ronald Reagan's 1980 acceptance speech at the Republican National Convention with Franklin Delano Roosevelt's 1932 acceptance message at the Democratic National Convention. The critical method employed borrows heavily from principles of analog rhetorical criticism, generic rhetorical criticism, and dramatism. Although Reagan quoted Roosevelt so often one must critique the Roosevelt speech in order to critique Reagan's, and although surface similarities abound, this study concludes that differences in the motivational functions of vocabularies employed by Roosevelt and Reagan far outweigh the similarities. While Roosevelt placed little attention on defense, presented “government” as a god term, and delivered an internally consistent address, Reagan placed enormous emphasis on defense issues, presented “government” as a devil term, and delivered an internally inconsistent address.
An econometric technique to remove unobserved variables that bias the relationship between alcohol and blood pressure.

We use econometric techniques to consider whether the statistical association between drinking and blood pressure among men may be due, in part, to the constitutional hypothesis. The constitutional hypothesis holds that the same unobserved genetic or personality factors that affect blood pressure will affect the amount of alcohol consumed. Our sample is restricted to men because most investigations for women have revealed a weak to nonexistent positive, and sometimes a negative, association. Data are drawn from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1971-1975. The econometric technique requires fitting three equations using two-stage least squares or multiple regressions. The first equation explains how much people drink. The second and third equations explain fluctuations in systolic and diastolic blood pressures using information on the predicted values of the drinking variable from the first equation. Our results suggest that, after accounting for unobserved constitutional factors as wel...
Communication induced distortion in scholarly research -- the case of action theory in american public administration

The history of action theory in American Public Administration provides the basis for development of a conceptual scheme for understanding how the operating codes that define communication processes used by theorists can distort scholarship. Transaction is a mode that induces distortion; relationship is a mode that helps avoid it. Some suggestions for reissuing the current operating code -- in the direction of making it better fit the relationship model -- are presented.
Processing of CT images for analysis of diffuse lung disease in the lung tissue research consortium

The goal of Lung Tissue Resource Consortium (LTRC) is to improve the management of diffuse lung diseases through a better understanding of the biology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and fibrotic interstitial lung disease (ILD) including Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). Participants are subjected to a battery of tests including tissue biopsies, physiologic testing, clinical history reporting, and CT scanning of the chest. The LTRC is a repository from which investigators can request tissue specimens and test results as well as semi-quantitative radiology reports, pathology reports, and automated quantitative image analysis results from the CT scan data performed by the LTRC core laboratories. The LTRC Radiology Core Laboratory (RCL), in conjunction with the Biomedical Imaging Resource (BIR), has developed novel processing methods for comprehensive characterization of pulmonary processes on volumetric high-resolution CT scans to quantify how these diseases manifest in radiographic images. Specifically, the RCL has implemented a semi-automated method for segmenting the anatomical regions of the lungs and airways. In these anatomic regions, automated quantification of pathologic features of disease including emphysema volumes and tissue classification are performed using both threshold techniques and advanced texture measures to determine the extent and location of emphysema, ground glass opacities, "honeycombing" (HC) and "irregular linear" or "reticular" pulmonary infiltrates and normal lung. Wall thickness measurements of the trachea, and its branches to the 3rd and limited 4th order are also computed. The methods for processing, segmentation and quantification are described. The results are reviewed and verified by an expert radiologist following processing and stored in the public LTRC database for use by pulmonary researchers. To date, over 1200 CT scans have been processed by the RCL and the LTRC project is on target for recruitment of the 2200 patients with 1800 CT scans in the repository for the 5-year effort. Ongoing analysis of the results in the LTRC database by the LTRC participating institutions and outside investigators are underway to look at the clinical and physiological significance of the imaging features of these diseases and correlate these findings with quality of life and other important prognostic indicators of severity. In the future, the quantitative measures of disease may have greater utility by showing correlation with prognosis, disease severity and other physiological parameters. These imaging features may provide non-invasive alternative endpoints or surrogate markers to alleviate the need for tissue biopsy or provide an accurate means to monitor rate of disease progression or response to therapy.
Egyptian university libraries

(1970). Egyptian university libraries. International Library Review: Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 175-181.
Investigation on reticle heating effect induced overlay error

As design rule of semiconductor decreases continuously, overlay error control gets more and more important and challenging. It is also true that On Product Overlay (OPO) of leading edge memory device shows unprecedented level of accuracy, owing to the development of precision optics, mechanic stage and alignment system with active compensation method. However, the heating of reticle and lens acts as a dominant detriment against further improvement of overlay. Reticle heating is more critical than lens heating in current advanced scanners because lens heating can be mostly compensated by feed-forward control algorithm. In recent years, the tools and technical ideas for reticle heating control are proposed and thought to reduce the reticle heating effect. Nevertheless, it is not still simple to predict the accurate heating amount and overlay. And it is required to investigate the parameters affecting reticle heating quantitatively. In this paper, the reticle pattern density and exposure dose are considered as the main contributors, and the effects are investigated through experiments. Mask set of various transmittance are prepared by changing pattern density. After exposure with various doses, overlay are measured and analyzed by comparing with reference marks exposed in heating free condition. As a result, it is discovered that even in the case of low dose and high transmittance, reticle heating is hardly avoidable. It is also shown that there is a simple relationship among reticle heating, transmittance and exposure dose. Based on this relationship, the reticle heating is thought to be predicted if the transmittance and dose are fixed.
THE COLPOCEPHALUM (MALLOPHAGA: MENOPONIDAE) OF THE PELECANIFORMES

Five species of the genus are discussed and illustrated, including a new species, C. occidentalis from Pelecanus occidentalis. The lectotype is designated for C. unciferum Kellogg, fixing the type-host as Pelecanus erythrorhynchos. A key is given to the species.
Fight, flight, and freeze: Threat sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in survivors of chronic childhood maltreatment

Abstract Chronic childhood maltreatment (C-CM) is thought to result in permanent neurobiological alterations to the brain that manifest as a threat-sensitivity trait. However, extant research has yet to identify this trait in the context of existing personality theories. The current study utilized the fight–flight–freeze system (FFFS), a brain subsystem of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory of personality, to identify the threat-sensitivity trait proposed to result from C-CM. Research suggests that C-CM is associated with both FFFS sensitivity and emotion dysregulation (ED), whereby increased threat-sensitivity is thought to contribute to greater ED. Accordingly, C-CM was expected to predict FFFS sensitivity, which was expected to mediate the relationship between C-CM and ED in an undergraduate sample (N = 471). Participants were separated into three maltreatment groups: C-CM, non-chronic CM (NC-CM), and no CM. Results indicated that individuals with a history of C-CM reported greater FFFS sensitivity and ED than those with a history of NC-CM or no CM. Analysis of the significance of the indirect effect of C-CM on ED via FFFS sensitivity indicated that FFFS sensitivity partially mediated this relationship. Specifically, individuals with C-CM, compared to no CM, reported greater FFFS sensitivity, which significantly accounted for a portion of their increased ED.
Intracellular mechanisms of amyloid accumulation and pathogenesis in Alzheimer’s disease

Cell-culture studies have revealed some of the fundamental features of the interaction of amyloid Aβ with cells and the mechanism of amyloid accumulation and pathogenesis in vitro. Aβ1–42, the longer isoform of amyloid that is preferentially concentrated in senile plaque (SP) amyloid deposits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is resistant to degradation and accumulates as insoluble aggregates in late endosomes or lysosomes. Once these aggregates have nucleated inside the cell, they grow by the addition of aberrantly folded APP and amyloidgenic fragments of APP, that would otherwise be degraded, onto the amyloid lattice in a fashion analogous to prion replication. This accumulation of heterogeneous aggregated APP fragments and Aβ appears to mimic the pathophysiology of dystrophic neurites, where the same spectrum of components has been identified by immunohistochemistry. In the brain, this residue appears to be released into the extracellular space, possibly by a partially apoptotic mechanism that is restricted to the distal compartments of the neuron. Ultimately, this insoluble residue may be further digested to the protease-resistant Aβn-42 core, perhaps by microglia, where it accumulates as senile plaques. Thus, the dystrophic neurites are likely to be the source of the immediate precursors of amyloid in the senile plaques. This is the opposite of the commonly held view that extracellular accumulation of amyloid induces dystrophic neurites. Many of the key pathological events of AD may also be directly related to the intracellular accumulation of this insoluble amyloid. The aggregated, intracellular amyloid induces the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products and ultimately results in the leakage of the lysosomal membrane. The breakdown of the lysosomal membrane may be a key pathogenic event, leading to the release of heparan sulfate and lysosomal hydrolases into the cytosol. Together, these observations provide the novel view that amyloid deposits and some of the early events of amyloid pathogenesis initiate randomly within single cells in AD. This pathogenic mechanism can explain some of the more enigmatic features of Alzheimer’s pathogenesis, like the focal nature of amyloid plaques, the relationship between amyloid, dystrophic neurites and neurofibrillary-tangle pathology, and the miscompartmentalization of extracellular and cytosolic components observed in AD brain.
The role of education in Korean society

Abstract Education in Korea, which originally was the quest for self-cultivation and knowledge by privileged classes, has changed greatly over time. This article reviews Korea's cultural history and offers a comprehensive overview of the history of education from ancient times to the present. It is claimed that education has been, and will continue to be, a positive and leading engine of economic growth and general progress in Korea. In spite of many superficial transformations stemming from the change in educational goals from teaching Confucian classics to a few elites to mass education in diverse and practical subjects, undercurrents of traditional values persist today. However, changing times have brought about new concerns, particularly the prevalent, inflexible view of formal educational degrees as the only measure of the whole human being, leaving aside such less quantifiable but essential human qualities as character and creativity which so strongly shape the vitality of a society.
Randomized trial of preemptive local analgesia in vaginal surgery

Preemptive analgesia in vaginal surgery has had conflicting efficacy reported in the existing literature. This study was designed to clarify the usefulness of preemptive local analgesia (PLA) in patients undergoing vaginal hysterectomy. A prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial of PLA in 90 women undergoing vaginal hysterectomy was conducted. PLA consisted of 20 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine with 1:200,000 epinephrine injected in a paracervical-type fashion. Total narcotic use and pain (using a visual analog scale (VAS)) was recorded at 30 min, 3, 12, and 24 h postoperatively. The mean total dose of narcotic was significantly less in the PLA group versus the placebo group (P = 0.009) at every time point postoperatively. Additionally, the mean pain VAS 30 min and 3 h postoperatively was 43% (P = 0.003) and 33% (P = 0.02) lower, respectively, in the PLA group. PLA with bupivacaine prior to vaginal hysterectomy is associated with significantly lower pain scores and a reduction in narcotic use postoperatively.
Introduction of foreign DNA into the vaccinia virus genome by in vitro ligation: recombination-independent selectable cloning vectors.

Homologous recombination has been the exclusive means of introducing foreign DNA into the genomes of large DNA viruses. Here we demonstrate that direct in vitro ligation can be used to efficiently insert DNA fragments of up to 26,000 bp into the genome of vaccinia virus modified to contain a single NotI site either in the Escherichia coli lacZ gene or in the vaccinia virus thymidine kinase gene. Viruses containing chimeric genomes can be identified by chromogenic screening or thymidine-kinase-negative selection.
Late Onset Paroxysmal AV Block after Transplantation

We report the case of a 19-year-old female who developed recurrent dizziness and syncope 2 years after cardiac transplant. During a pre-syncopal episode, a loop monitor revealed paroxysmal atrio-ventricular block (PAVB). The placement of a permanent transvenous pacemaker led to the resolution of her symptoms. In this report, we discuss the causes of PAVB, review the literature on PAVB in heart transplant patients, examine the electrophysiology of PAVB, and consider additional causes of PAVB in pediatric transplant patients.
Natural Abundance 13-Carbon High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance in Solid 1-Vinyl-o-Carborane

Abstract The proton decoupled 13-carbon NMR spectrum of solid l-vinyl-o-carborane has been examined over the temperature range of its plastic phase. At the higher end of the temperature range, high resolution proton coupled 13-carbon spectra have been obtained. A study of the temperature dependence of the T1 values obtained for the individual protonated carbons allows a determination of the activation energy for rotation in the solid phase to be 13.3 KJoule/mole.
Modulation of GABA-Gated Chloride Ion Influx in the Brain by Dehydroepiandrosterone and Its Metabolites☆☆☆

Both DHEA and GABAAreceptor agonists are known to reduce anxiety. Since GABAAreceptor agonists are generally thought to elicit their anxiolytic effects by facilitating neuronal uptake of chloride ion, we set out to evaluate whether DHEA elicits its anxiolytic effects by a similar mechanism. The results of the studies show an uneven distribution of basal and GABA-stimulated chloride uptake in different regions (cerebellum, pons-medulla, striatum, hippocampus, mid-brain, hypothalamus and cortex) of rat brain. Contrary to our expectations, however, both DHEA and DHEAS inhibited GABA-mediated chloride uptake with DHEAS being more potent than DHEA. On the other hand, Δ4-androstenedione, another DHEA metabolite, did not have any effect on chloride uptake in any region of the brain. In conclusion, the data presented here, therefore, suggest that DHEA and DHEAS may elicit anxiolysis through mechanisms independent of GABAAreceptor-mediated facilitation of neuronal chloride uptake.
Electrodynamical properties of gapless edge excitations in the fractional quantum Hall states

The electrodynamical properties of the edge excitations in the fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states are studied. We show how to experimentally measure the (optical) charges of the edge excitations. The interactions between the edge excitations are studied. We also discuss in detail the edge excitations of the \ensuremath{\nu}=1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1/n FQH states. Measuring the dynamical properties of the edge excitations is a practical way to probe the topological orders in the FQH states.
Perceptions of college women with disordered eating and exercise patterns

In this study we examined college students’ perceptions of women struggling with various eating-and exercise-related disorders. The 220 participants read a vignette describing either an anorexic female, a bulimic female, a female who engages in excessive exercise, or a control female target. The targets were rated on a list of personality and physical dimensions. The participants’ demographic information, perceived similarity to the target, and experience with someone similar to the target were also examined. Results demonstrated that the targets with anorexia and bulimia were viewed significantly more negatively than were excessive exercising and control targets. Perceived personal similarity to the target also significantly increased positive ratings of the targets, which suggests that those who have had an eating disorder may empathize with those who are currently struggling.
Pathogenesis of viral hemorrhagic fever

Single-stranded RNA viruses from four different families cause a syndrome of fever and malaise, 'capillary leak' with loss of plasma volume, and coagulation defects which can lead to bleeding. Although direct cytopathic effects can contribute to disease severity, most features of illness are caused by innate immune responses, as the systemic spread of virus to macrophages and dendritic cells leads to the release of mediators that modify vascular function and have procoagulant activity. The synthesis of tissue factor by infected cells can also trigger coagulation. Failure of adaptive immunity through impaired dendritic cell function and lymphocyte apoptosis can have a crucial role in fatal infection.
Compound Formation And Silicon Behavior In Titanium And Tantalum Layered Aluminum Films

Thin film interaction in the material systems of titanium and tantalum-layered Al- 1% Si films has been studied using advanced material characterization techniques. Compound phase formation was analyzed based on results from X-ray diffraction analysis. Al3Ti was identified in the titanium-layered film after 450° C sintering. TaSi2 and unreacted Ta. however, were identified after the sintering. Silicon participated in the phase formation process by incorporating itself as a solute in the Al3Ti while transforming Ta into its suicide. This behavior is to be interpreted based on available ternary phase diagrams. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy results indicate that well defined layered films and columnar grains of aluminum were obtained which are believed to be the primary reasons for the observed electromigration improvement over the base metal.
A survey of genome sequence assembly techniques and algorithms using high-performance computing

Genome assembly has been an area of active research since the DNA structure was discovered and has gathered more steam after the Human Genome project was launched. A large number of genomes have been assembled and many more are in the pipeline. A number of full-scale assemblers and other special-purpose modules have been reported. Since the volume of data involved in the genome assembly process is extraordinarily large and requires significantly large computational power and processing time, many assemblers have utilized parallel computing to achieve faster and more efficient reconstruction of the DNA. A genome assembler is a multi-step process including different components that may be partly or fully parallelized. Although several assemblers and individual modules that perform various tasks, such as pairwise alignment, multiple sequence alignment, and repeat finding, have been analyzed and documented before, this paper provides a holistic view of the assembly process in the realm of parallel and distributed computing, streamlining all the individual tasks related, but not limited to, the whole genome shotgun sequencing into a sequence of loosely coupled stages where one stage consumes the output of the preceding stage and passes its results to the next one. Many of these tasks are essential to the current and next-generation sequence assemblers. The paper walks through the entire streamlined process while describing, analyzing, and commenting on the algorithms and techniques that have been designed and implemented for each of the stages. Where applicable, the paper suggests improvements that may form the basis of potentially new research work.
Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia

Tumor-induced osteomalacia (TIO) is a rare paraneoplastic form of renal phosphate wasting that results in severe hypophosphatemia, a defect in vitamin D metabolism, and osteomalacia. This debilitating disorder is illustrated by the clinical presentation of a 55-year-old woman with progressive fatigue, weakness, and muscle and bone pain with fractures. After a protracted clinical course and extensive laboratory evaluation, tumor-induced osteomalacia was identified as the basis of her clinical presentation. In this article, the distinctive clinical characteristics of this syndrome, the advances in diagnosis of TIO, and new insights into the pathophysiology of this disorder are discussed.
The case for a student honor code and beyond

Preparing graduates to enter practice as responsible and accountable nurses is an essential goal of nursing programs. Faculty must be deliberate in their efforts to enhance personal and professional integrity and to facilitate the development of a value system that the graduates can incorporate into their professional practices. A student honor code within a school of nursing is one strategy that faculty can use to facilitate the development of these characteristics. A variety of resources, both human and printed, are available to guide the faculty.
Computation of special functions by Padé approximants with orthogonal polynomial denominators

This paper deals with the computation of special functions of mathematics and physics in the complex domain using continued fraction (one-point or two-point Pade) approximants. We consider three families of continued fractions (Stieltjes fractions, real J-fractions and non-negative T-fractions) whose denominators are orthogonal polynomials or Laurent polynomials. Orthogonality of these denominators plays an important role in the analysis of errors due to numerical roundoff and truncation of infinite sequences of approximants. From the rigorous error bounds described one can determine the exact number of significant decimal digits contained in the approximation of a given function value. Results from computational experiments are given to illustrate the methods.
Services provided by community pharmacies in Wayne County, Michigan: A comparison by ZIP code characteristics

Objective To document the availability of selected pharmacy services and out-of-pocket cost of medication throughout a diverse county in Michigan and to assess possible associations between availability of services and price of medication and characteristics of residents of the ZIP codes in which the pharmacies were located. Design Cross-sectional telephone survey of pharmacies coupled with ZIP code–level census data. Setting 503 pharmacies throughout the 63 ZIP codes of Wayne County, MI. Main outcome measures The out-of-pocket cost for a 30 days’ supply of levothyroxine 50 mcg and brand-name atorvastatin (Lipitor—Pfizer) 20 mg, availability of discount generic drug programs, home delivery of medications, hours of pharmacy operation, and availability of pharmacy-based immunization services. Census data aggregated at the ZIP code level included race, annual household income, age, and number of residents per pharmacy. Results The overall results per ZIP code showed that the average cost for levothyroxine was $10.01 ± $2.29 and $140.45 + $14.70 for Lipitor. Per ZIP code, the mean (± SD) percentages of pharmacies offering discount generic drug programs was 66.9% ± 15.0%; home delivery of medications was 44.5% ± 22.7%; and immunization for influenza was 46.7% ± 24.3% of pharmacies. The mean (± SD) hours of operation per pharmacy per ZIP code was 67.0 ± 25.2. ZIP codes with higher household income as well as higher percentage of residents being white had lower levothyroxine price, greater percentage of pharmacies offering discount generic drug programs, more hours of operation per week, and more pharmacy-based immunization services. The cost of Lipitor was not associated with any ZIP code characteristic. Conclusion Disparities in the cost of generic levothyroxine, the availability of services such as discount generic drug programs, hours of operation, and pharmacy-based immunization services are evident based on race and household income within this diverse metropolitan county.
Study of a piecewise linear dynamic system with negative and positive stiffness

Abstract The present paper mainly focuses on numerical and analytical study of a piecewise linear dynamic oscillator with negative stiffness followed by positive stiffness which has not been studied to date. The dynamic system of interest stems from a previous analytical and experimental research on adaptive negative stiffness for the purpose of seismic protection. Numerical algorithms meant specifically for simulating piecewise smooth (PWS) systems like this nonlinear system are studied. An appropriate combination of negative stiffness and adequate damping can reduce the peak restoring or transmitted force with a slightly larger peak displacement. Essentially, the negative stiffness system in a dynamic system is very beneficial in reducing the amount of force transmitted. The exact solution is derived for free vibration. A modified Lindstedt–Poincare method (modified L–P method) is adopted to derive approximate periodic solutions for the forced and damped system and its frequency-response curves are obtained through numerical simulation. The modified L–P solution obtained for the forced and damped case is found to agree well with the numerical results. In the piecewise linear dynamic system with initial negative stiffness followed by positive stiffness, it is found that the response remains bounded in a limit cycle. This system behaves similar to a van der Pol oscillator wherein negative damping is followed by positive damping. Presented herein is a special case as defined by the specified parameter ranges; thus, to make it more general future work is needed.
Use of the CSU–CHILL Radar in Radar Meteorology Education at Colorado State University

Abstract A recent example illustrating the use of the CSU–CHILL Doppler radar in a graduate-level course in radar meteorology at Colorado State University (CSU) is described. In addition to providing students in the Department of Atmospheric Science with “hands-on” experience in the operation of a multiparameter Doppler radar, the data collected by this radar provided a unique opportunity to conduct case-study analyses for a variety of weather situations that occurred in northeastern Colorado. A total of six case studies were analyzed by the students in the class, and ranged from the study of a mesocyclone in a tornadic storm to snowbands in a winter cyclone. The case studies were presented by student groups in the format of a “miniconference” held during the final exam period for this class. Several of the case studies are described herein. The data collected in each of these case studies is available to the atmospheric sciences community as part of a “case-study archive” maintained at the CSU–CHILL rada...
Effects of potassium, ouabain and valinomycin on the efflux of 24Na+ and pyridine nucleotides of rat-liver slices

Abstract 1. 1. The efflux of 24Na+ from rat-liver slices incubated in a K+-free medium was stimulated by 40% when 6.4 mM K+ was added to the medium. 2. 2. The K+-dependent portion of the efflux was completely inhibited by ouabain; ouabain also slightly inhibited the efflux of 24Na+ into K+-free medium. 3. 3. In one-third of the experiments, treatment with K+ caused an oxidation of pyridine nucleotides which was reversed by subsequent removal of K+ or treatment with ouabain; this was consistent with the transition of the slice mitochondria towards a more active metabolic state upon stimulation of ion transport. 4. 4. In the remaining experiments, K+ induced a reduction of pyramide nucleotides which was little affected by removal of K+ or ouabain treatment; comparison with the effect of Amytal suggests that the pyridine nucleotide so reduced was exclusively NAD+ of the respiratory chain. The reduction process appears to be largely independent of the effect of K+ on ion transport. 5. 5. Valinomycin tended to inhibit 24Na+ efflux slightly in the presence of K+. It caused a small reduction of the pyridine nucleotides.
Visual response time changes in athletes during physical effort.

Simple visual reponse time (SVRT) was measured serially before, during, and after cycle-ergometric exercise of 83 athletes. Concurrently also respiratory gas exchange was measured. One of the groups performed steady-state exercise (6400 kp-m in 10 min), while the work load of the other group was increased stepwise (total work 7040 kp-m in 10 min).
An experimental study of magnetic materials for use in ultrahigh-temperature electronic transformers

The very high temperatures that are expected to be encountered in aircraft and missiles are presenting unusual problems to the designers of electronic equipment and components. Two solutions that have been suggested are the following: 1. that more cooling capacity be introduced to maintain the equipment at a safe maximum operating temperature, and 2. the use of parts and processes that are inherently temperature tolerant over a wide temperature range. If the latter approach is taken, the component designer must make a major development contribution to extend successfully the ambient temperature rating of his device from a present-day 200 C (degrees centigrade) maximum to a value which is expected to be as high as 500 C.
Effect of Microwave Irradiation on Antibody Labeling Efficiency When Applied to Ultrathin Cryosections Through Fixed Biological Material

To study the effect of microwaves on immunolabeling, ultrathin cryosections or diluted antibodies were irradiated prior to antibody application, and gold labeling was quantified. In addition, affinity purified, polyclonal antibodies and protein A-gold were applied to ultrathin cryosections of aldehyde-fixed material in the presence and absence of microwaves. Amylase, a soluble protein secreted by pancreatic acinar cells, MHC class II, an integral membrane protein, and 3-(2,4-dinitroanilino)-3-amino-N-methyldipropylamine (DAMP), an exogenously added antigen, were localized with monospecific antibodies. Each was chosen for their contrasting subcellular characteristics. Results demonstrated that for some antigens, antibody labeling efficiency was quantitatively improved by microwave irradiation of sections prior to antibody application. Irradiation of diluted antibodies prior to their application also resulted in improved labeling. In contrast, the results obtained using rapid immunolabeling protocols in the presence of microwaves resulted in labeling levels similar to those obtained in the absence of microwaves. We conclude that microwave irradiation can improve the labeling efficiency of some antibodies. However, improve- ments in labeling density are dependent on the antigen under study and on variable irradiation times, unique to each antibody. This suggests that the routine use of microwaves to reduce incubation times may not be a viable alternative to bench protocols. Microsc. Res. Tech. 42:24-32, 1998. r 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Experimental atherosclerosis as observed in the chicken

Summary The main morphologic features of spontaneous, cholesterol-induced and estrogen-induced atherosclerotic lesions in the chicken are described. The results of studies of dietary and hormonal influences on the formation and regression of these lesions are outlined. It is concluded that the results jastify the use of this animal species in the study of the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and of the therapeutic value of different procedures and substances prior to their trial in man.
The care and handling of CBF corrections

Abstract We report calculations of second-order perturbation corrections within the method of correlated basis functions (CBF) for the OMY nuclear interaction. For nuclear matter, Monte Carlo integration enables us to evaluate independently the accuracy of approximations made in previous calculations. We suggest a prescription which permits substantial improvements within the framework of those calculations.
Beyond pioneering: An introduction to the special issue on the vocational issues of lesbian women and gay men

Abstract The existing career literature on the concerns of lesbian and gay people has served the crucial function of defining lesbian and gay people as a distinct nonethnic cultural group (Elliot, 1993) facing discrimination and having unique work-related concerns. Most existing literature has focused on providing suggestions for counselors in working with this population. Thus, this special issue makes a unique contribution by focusing on building theoretical or empirical understandings of the vocational psychology of lesbian women and gay men. We discuss the development and content of the special issue. Next, we reflect on the relative lack of diversity of peoples with a minority sexual orientation discussed in the issue. We conclude with a discussion on how this special issue can help move the vocational literature in this area “beyond pioneering” and toward the systematic building of theoretical and empirical knowledge.
Acute and chronic phencyclidine effects on locomotor activity, stereotypy and ataxia in rats.

Abstract Behavioral rating scales, developed to measure phencyclidine (PCP)-induced stereotypy and ataxia in rats, were tested using acute dose-response and chronic paradigms with concomitant assessment of locomotor activity by automated counters. Also, effects of chronic PCP on apomorphine-induced stereotypy were assessed as a test of dopamine supersensitivity. A linear dose-response effect was found for measures of all three behaviors through moderate dose levels (2–6 mg/kg), but only ataxia ratings continued to increase, showing a linear relationship through the higher (8 and 10 mg/kg) doses. Chronic daily PCP administration showed progressive augmentation of stereotypy, tolerance to ataxia at 10 min post-injection, and a biphasic increase followed by decrease to day 1 levels in locomotor activity over 14 days. No significant change was found in apomorphine stereotypy following chronic PCP treatment. The chronic behavioral changes demonstrated in this study may provide a model of PCP-induced psychological and cognitive changes seen following chronic usage in man.
Picosecond Time Measuremnts with a Linear Accelerator and RF Separator

A picosencond time measurement method is described based on the microwave properties of beams from electron linear accelerators or from possible remodulated external proton beams at proton synchrotrons. A conventional RF separator (RFS) is used operating at the same frequency as the microwave structure of beams and driven by the same master oscillator which modulates the beam. For example, the 2856 MHz microwave at SLAC corresponds to 350 psec between beam RF buckets; accelerated electrons with an RF phase bite of about 5 degrees are time structured and correspondingly have about 5 psec time spread in every 350 psec interval. Charged particles produced in interactions or decays originate with this time structure. An RFS is placed at the last stage of a double focussing spectrometer, providing a lever arm between it and the final (few mm) small spot size focus. Reference calibration charged particles are timed by setting the RFS relative phase to null deflections. Other observed particles arriving at different times than this standardare deflected a few tenths ofa anm per psec of delay. A multi-wire proportional chamber (IMPC) having a 0.05 mm space resolution can provide time measurements with sub-picosecond resolution. The technique is used in an experiment to search for changes in the velocity of light with high energy photons at SLAC. The devised timing method is presented and the properties of a new, fine space resolution MWPC is demonstrated.
Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) Co-Deposited Pt−Ru Binary and Pt Skin Catalysts for Concentrated Methanol Oxidation

In this study, we demonstrate a novel approach—atomic layer deposition (ALD)—for the synthesis and investigation of Pt−Ru catalyst structures toward the oxidation of stoichiometric (1:1) methanol solutions in advanced direct methanol fuel cells. Two types of thin-film materials are investigated as catalysts for methanol oxidation: Pt−Ru films of varying ruthenium content that are co-deposited by ALD, and Pt skin catalysts made by depositing porous platinum layers of different thickness by ALD on sputtered ruthenium films. MeCpPtMe3 and Ru(Cp)2 are used as precursors for Pt and Ru ALD, respectively, together with pure O2 as the counter reactant. The electrochemical behavior of the co-deposited Pt−Ru catalysts and the Pt skin catalysts for methanol oxidation is characterized using chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry in a 0.5 M H2SO4/16.6 M CH3OH electrolyte at room temperature. The results illustrate that the optimal stoichiometric Pt:Ru ratio for the co-deposited catalysts is ∼1:1, which is consistent...
Measurement of Electron-Hole Friction in an n -Doped GaAs / AlGaAs Quantum Well Using Optical Transient Grating Spectroscopy

We use phase-resolved transient grating spectroscopy to measure the drift and diffusion of electron-hole density waves in a semiconductor quantum well. The unique aspects of this optical probe allow us to determine the frictional force between a two-dimensional Fermi liquid of electrons and a dilute gas of holes. Knowledge of electron-hole friction enables prediction of ambipolar dynamics in high-mobility electron systems.
Streaming CBR transmission of VBR stored video

Data transmission across a network using constant-bit-rate (CBR) service simplifies admission control and resource management techniques. We consider lossless, starvation- free, streaming CBR transmission of compressed digital video, which is known to exhibit significant, multi-time- scale rate variability. This transmission uses work-ahead transfer into available client buffers to send data at a rate significantly below the peak rate of the original video. The goal of any video transmission scheme is to minimize resources requirements such as client buffer, transmission rate, channel holding time and playback startup latency. We identify, for CBR video transmissions, formal structural properties of the tradeoffs among these resources. Specifically, we show that, (i) the minimum feasible client buffer requirement as a function of playback startup latency is unimodal with one minimal value, (ii) the minimum feasible CBR rate is a convex decreasing function of the startup latency, and (iii) the corresponding channel holding time is piecewise linear concave increasing function of the startup latency. Using these structural properties, we then develop an O(N log N) algorithm that computes the minimum client buffer size and the associated CBR rate and playback startup latency required to transmit a VBR video. This is a significant improvement over an existing O(N2 log N) algorithm to solve the same problem. We next quantitatively examine the resource tradeoffs using MPEG-1 traces, and find that both the CBR transmission rate and minimum client buffering requirement can be substantially reduced by requiring only very small playback startup latencies.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Effect of an Incinerator Siting on Housing Appreciation Rates

Abstract Several studies have documented a decline in property values due to the existence of an undesirable facility, but most examine only two points in time. One study found declines in house values near an incinerator at several points in time, which were due to changes in information. This suggests that the adjustment period can be quite long: if prices do not adjust immediately, the house′s appreciation rates will reflect the speed of adjustment. This study finds that appreciation rates are affected as early as the construction stage of an incinerator, and the adjustment continues several years after the facility has begun operation.
An Environmental Issues Impacting the Foodservice Industry Resource Manual

Abstract The purpose of this project was to develop a resource manual to enhance foodservice directors/managers' knowledge of the complexity of environmental issues impacting the operations and to provide tools to assist in addressing these issues. A variety of strategies was used to identify the manual content. Strategies included survey of environmental practices and training needs of foodservice managers, on-site interviews with directors/managers of both commercial and institutional foodservice operations, review and analysis of other resources, and interviews with state extension specialists and representatives at state and local levels of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment. The manual includes an overview of the Clean Air Act, Refrigerants, Water Consumption and Conservation, Hazardous Chemicals, Energy Consumption and Conservation, and Global Impact and an indepth coverage of Solid Waste Management. Each section includes definition of terms, issues to consider, government regulations, decision tools, references, and resources. The resource manual should assist foodservice directors/managers in being proactive in addressing environmental issues.
Detection of Metal-Bound Histidine in Ultraviolet Resonance Raman Spectra: Superoxide Dismutase

Ultraviolet resonance Raman (UVRR) spectroscopy reveals vibrational modes of metal-bound histidine side chains when the latter are equilibrated in D2O. These UVRR bands are seen clearly for Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase, and their frequencies and intensities differ for the two metal ions. These modes offer a new selective probe for histidine ligands in metalloproteins.