cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the adequacy of pseudo-random number generators (or: How big a period do we need?)

Generating pseudo-random number sequences is central to discrete-event computer simulations. Traditionally, generators are used only after they have passed several statistical tests. We propose a new, easy-to-implement test of randomness based upon the 'birthday problem', which has certain optimal properties. When applied to a broad class of generators (which includes linear congruential generators) the test illuminates a previously unknown relationship between the period of the generator and the number of pseudo-random observations which can be safely used.
Do established antecedents of purchase decision‐making power apply to contemporary couples?

The research reported here investigated the extent to which hedonic theory explains the nature of the effects of the established antecedents of marital roles (resource theory, sex-role orientation, least-interested partner hypothesis, and involvement) on relative influence and strategy usage in purchase decision making for married and nontraditional couples (cohabiting heterosexual, gay, and lesbian couples). The findings reveal that hedonic theory (the effect of partners' [dis]similarity in an antecedent on that antecedent's impact of relational power) explains the majority of cases where the impact of the antecedents on power vary across couple types. In some cases, however, hedonic theory is lacking in its explanatory power, thus indicating that couple types differ other than the extent to which partners are (dis)similar demographically or socioeconomically. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Oxygen inhibition of dissolved inorganic carbon uptake in unicellular green algae

SUMMARY Unicellular green algae have a dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrating mechanism, commonly known as the DIC pump, to concentrate inorganic carbon into cells and chloroplasts. The DIC pump activity is normally measured as the K0.5(DIC) that equals the CO2 plus HCO3- concentration at a cited pH at which the rate of DIC-dependent photosynthetic O2 evolution is half-maximal, or by the amount of intra-cellular DIC accumulation in 15–60 s, using a limited amount of NaH14CO3, measured by the silicone oil cen-trifugation technique. The dissolved oxygen in the assay inhibits or reduces the DIC uptake by the cells of unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dangeard, strain 137 and in a cell wall-less marine algae Dunaliella tertiolecta Butcher. The algal cells concentrated the highest amount of DIC when little or no oxygen was present in the assay medium. The results suggest that the amount of O2 and DIC must be carefully monitored before DIC-pump assay.
Knot Enumeration Through Flypes and Twisted Splices

I propose a method to enumerate prime alternating knots. The algorithm is both combinatorial and geometrical in nature; it rests on a particular splicing of knot projections (on the sphere ) which is guaranteed to produce every prime knot projection when repeatedly applied (starting on the trivial unknot projection). By exploring the behavior of the flype structure of alternating knots (as in Tait's Flyping Theorem), I prove not only completeness of the enumerator, but also some useful "shortcuts" to producing a full dictionary of prime alternating knots.
Preliminary serological studies comparing immunofluorescence assay with radioimmunoassay

We assayed sennn from 12 patients with untreated cicatricial pemphigoid affecting the conjunctiva for circulating autoantibodies directed against the epithelial basament membrane zone. We employed a conventional indirect immunoflourescence assay, with monkey esophagus and human conjunctiva as substrates, and compared the results with those obtained employing a radioimmunoassay measuring antibasement membrane zone antibody binding to COLO-16 and to SCaBER tumor cell lines. The indirect immunofluorescence assay on normal human conjunctival substrate detected circulating antibodies to conjunctival epitheium in 6 of 12 CP patient serum specimens. monkey esophagus failed to detect antibodies to the epithelial basement membrane zone. In contrast, autoantibodies were detected in all 12 specimens by the radioimmunoassay. Spcificity, as demonstrated by appropriate controls and assay of normal human serum, was 100%. These results demonstrate that radioimmunoassay employing COLO-16 or SCaBER cells is an exquisitly s...
Quantitative surface normal measurement by a wavefront camera

A compact wavefront camera that allows users to quantitatively measure the intensity and wavefront at a remote object plane is reported. The camera is built from a chip-scale wavefront sensor that we previously developed. By measuring the wavefront of the image and calibrating the wavefront relationship between the image and object planes, the wavefront at the object plane can be computed and the surface normal of the object can be derived. We built a prototype camera and calibrated the wavefront relationship. In a proof-of-concept experiment, a set of concave mirrors with different focal lengths (50–200 mm), were imaged. The results agree well with their expected values. To demonstrate the application of the camera, we applied this method to measure the deformation of a microfluidic channel under pressure.
Soybean nodule gas permeability, nitrogen fixation and diurnal cycles in soil temperature

While diurnal cycles in nitrogen fixation rates are sometimes assumed to result from diurnal variation in photosynthetically active radiation, contradicting evidence exists that indicate soil temperature is the primary environmental influence. These studies assessed the significance of temperature on soybean nitrogen fixation under field conditions. Two groups of intact field-grown soybean plants, one at ambient and the other exposed to a 10°C diurnal variation in soil temperature, were nondestructively assayed for acetylene reduction rates. Activity was closely associated with soil temperature (R2=0.85), even when temperature was 12 h out of phase with ambient. Data were also obtained to determine if the effects of rhizosphere temperature on nitrogen fixation are mediated through an effect on the nodule oxygen permeability. Nodule oxygen permeability of intact, aeroponically grown soybean was closely correlated with the diurnal changes in temperature (R2=0.90).
YouTube and pediatric surgery. What is the danger for parents

Internet became one of the most important sources of public health informations especially for relatives and/or caregivers of sick children. Use of YouTube as a source of information in pediatric surgery has not been evaluated. In this study, we want to evaluate the use of YouTube as a source of information about one of the most frequent surgical urgency in pediatric patients, the acute appendicitis, to evaluate the risks for patients and parents.
Real time test bed development for power system operation, control and cyber security

With ongoing smart grid initiative, there is a considerable need for developing new algorithmic solutions and validating at laboratory level before they can be successfully applied in the power grid. This research work addresses the development of a real time test bed by integrating several hardware's including the Allen Bradley Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC), National Instruments PXI (NI-PXI) controller, Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), and Schweitzer Engineering Lab (SEL) devices. This work also integrates the OSIsoft PI Server system and the establishment of data channel over Ethernet/IP for communication and control. The developed test bed is evaluated by simulating a simple test case in RTDS and executing the control logic in PLC. The test bed provides a user friendly Human Machine Interface (HMI) for monitoring and control at different levels of the system along with capabilities for storing the power system data which includes Synchrophasor data for forensic analysis. This test bed will be essentially used for modeling and study of different power system operation control algorithms as well as to investigate cyber vulnerability and mitigation.
The effect of methylation and hydrogen ion concentration on heavy metal binding by anaerobically digested sludges

Abstract Heavy metal interactions with anaerobically disgested sludges have been studied using acid elution and functional group blocking techniques. The release of heavy metals from anaerobically digested sludges was pH dependent. The results have suggested that the mechanism of binding involves weakly acidic functional groups. When the sludges were methylated using dimethyl sulfate, the capacities for zinc, copper, nickel and cadmium were reduced.
Development of plasma dielectric deposition method for increased pre-metal dielectric interfacial film stability

Abstract The pre-metal dielectric (PMD) layer consisting of two different dielectric films has the ability to both fill dielectric into the narrow features of shrinking designs and to provide smooth topography with contamination trapping abilities. Unfortunately, the same features that make the multiple film stacked PMD level successful can lead to interface issues due to the unique properties of each film. An example of this is the delamination of the phosphorus doped silicate glass (PSG) from the high density plasma (HDP) layer of the HDP/PSG film stack composing the PMD level. When the characteristic signatures were noted during in-line inspection, this delamination or separation of the two films resulted in immediate product loss. This thesis presents a new PMD level that is resistant to the film delamination by the addition of an in situ intermediate USG layer at the onset of the PSG deposition. By providing a smooth dopant transition from HDP to PSG, this new level is not subject to the increased interface phosphorus and resulting attack and etchout during 100:1 HF clean processing. Results demonstrated that the new structure led to a more stable interface with increased product yield and no adverse effects noted upon on electrical testing.
Multiscale mechanobiology modeling for surgery assessment

This paper discusses some of the concept of modeling surgery outcome. It is also an attempt to offer a road map for progress. This paper may serve as a common ground of discussion for both communities i.e surgeons and computational scientist in its broadest sense. Predicting surgery outcome is a very difficult task. All patients are different, and multiple factors such as genetic, or environment conditions plays a role. The difficulty is to construct models that are complex enough to address some of these significant multiscale elements and simple enough to be used in clinical conditions and calibrated on patient data. We will provide a multilevel progressive approach inspired by two applications in surgery that we have been working on. One is about vein graft adaptation after a transplantation, the other is the recovery of cosmesis outcome after a breast lumpectomy. This work, that is still very much in progress, may teach us some lessons. We are convinced that the digital revolution that is transforming the working environment of the surgeon makes closer collaboration between surgeons and computational scientist unavoidable. We believe that “computational surgery” will allow the community to develop predictive model of the surgery outcome and greatprogresses in surgery procedures that goes far beyond the operating room procedural aspect.
Orbital angular momentum (OAM) based LDPC-coded deep-space optical communication

Power-efficient modulation schemes such as PPM are widely adopted in deep-space optical communications. In order to achieve multi-gigabit transmission, the usage of large number of time slots in PPM is needed that imposes stringent requirements on system implementation. In this paper, we propose the use of orbital angular momentum (OAM) based LDPC-coded PPM as a means to satisfy high-bandwidth demands of future interplanetary communications while keeping system cost and power consumption reasonably low. Because OAM eigenstates are orthogonal, an arbitrary number of bits/photon can be transmitted. The main challenge for OAM based deep-space communication represents the link between a spacecraft probe and the Earth station because in the presence of atmospheric turbulence the orthogonality between OAM states is not longer preserved. We show that the proposed OAM based LDPC-coded PPM can operate under strong turbulence regime when used in combination with receiver spatial diversity.
Adenosine stimulates cAMP‐mediated taurine release from LRM55 glial cells

The possible role of adenosine as a modulator or transmitter in the central nervous system was tested by measuring its effects on LRM55 astroglial cells. Two related cellular responses were measured--receptor activated increases in intracellular cAMP and cAMP-mediated taurine release. Taurine is a neuroinhibitory amino acid that is taken up, stored, and released from primary cultures of astrocytes and astroglial cells. Three-minute incubations of cells with adenosine caused a dose-dependent accumulation of intracellular cAMP and release of the taurine (EC50 = 5.0 x 10(-5) M and 1.6 x 10(-6) M, respectively). That the cellular responses were mediated through the activation of specific adenosine receptors was indicated by the observations that the adenosine receptor antagonist isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) but not the beta-adrenergic receptor antagonist 1-propranolol inhibited responses to adenosine. The study of various adenosine analogs showed a rank order of potency (chloroadenosine = 5'-(N-ethyl)carboxamido-adenosine greater than N6-(L-2-phenylisopropyl)-adenosine greater than cyclohexyladenosine = cyclopentyladenosine) characteristic of the low affinity A2-type adenosine receptors that have been associated with cAMP elevation in several tissues. These results indicate that, in addition to directly affecting neurons, adenosine may have a primary site of action on astroglial cells resulting in taurine release and subsequent inhibition of neuronal activity.
Metal-metal bonding in Cr-Cr and Mo-Mo dimers: Another success of local spin-density theory

Self-consistent local-spin-density total-energy calculations for ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{2}$ yield ${^{1}\ensuremath{\Sigma}_{\mathrm{g}}}^{+}$ ground states with dissociation energies and equilibrium bond lengths in excellent agreement with experiment---in marked contrast with the results of a generalized-valence-bond-van der Waals approach, which used 26 512 determinants, and previous local-density efforts. The present results indicate the reliability of local spin-density theory for very inhomogenous systems, when sufficient variational (and symmetry) freedom is included.
PRCC filter banks: theory, implementation, and application

This paper introduces a novel filter bank structure called the perfect reconstruction circular convolution (PRCC) filter bank. These filters satisfy the perfect reconstruction properties, namely, the paraunitary conditions, in the discrete frequency domain. The development of the PRCC framework has been motivated by the need for an efficient, invertible algorithm for the implementation of the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) based on bandlimited scaling functions and wavelets. As a motivation, we show how bandlimited scaling functions arise naturally in the context of interpolation and approximation sampling systems with the filters matched to the input process. Next, we show how the PRCC filter bank framework serves as a basis for a frequency sampled implementation of DWT based on bandlimited scaling functions and wavelets, and in general, of matched filters in the above sampling systems. Finally, we present simulation results sing the PRCC framework which verify that the matched interpolating function gives the smallest mean squared error between the input and the reconstructed signal, as compared to other interpolating functions.
The social and private micro-level consequences of homeownership

Abstract This paper reviews the literature that describes the micro-level economic and social consequences of homeownership. We adopt an interdisciplinary approach and include studies from economics, sociology, geography, political science, psychology, and other disciplines. Our focus is on the set of consequences of homeownership in developed countries. Our list of potential outcomes of homeownership includes the impact on household wealth and portfolio choice, mobility, labor force participation, urban structure and segregation, home maintenance, political and social activities, health, demographics, self-esteem, and child outcomes. There is substantial evidence that homeownership has important effects on some household behaviors and outcomes. However, we find that much of the past 30-year's literature on consequences of homeowning is deficient from a theoretical or econometric perspective. We suggest solutions and identify research gaps present in the literature.
Facilitating Peer InteractionSocially Relevant Objectives for Preschool Language Intervention

Research over the past decade has provided the rationale to target the peer-related social-communicative competence of children with specific language impairment (SLI). Yet our clinical experiences...
The design of information security protection framework to support Smart Grid

With the unified and strong smart grid construction by State Grid Corporation of China, information security protection architecture is facing new challenges. The characteristics of smart grid such as informationization, automation, and interaction, have enhanced the two-way interaction between grid and consumers. The design method of information security protection architecture in U.S. Smart Grid and new information security protection requirements of China Smart Gird and new information security risks were proposed and analyzed. An information security protection model and overall information security protection strategy were proposed considering the characteristics of China Smart Grid and the new information security protection requirements. Based on this model, the information security protection framework was designed to support the information security protection in smart grid. The proposed framework consists of four parts: security governance, security management, security maintenance, security technology. Finally, a methodology for the implementation of information security protection framework was given, which guides the business systems in every aspect of smart grid to implement information security protection works from the points of technology, management, and operation.
ROC curves and confidence judgments in recognition memory.

Most models of recognition memory rely on a strength/familiarity-based signal detection account that assumes that the processes giving rise to a confidence judgment are the same as those giving rise to an old-new decision. Confidence is assumed to be scaled directly from the perceived familiarity of a probe. This assumption was tested in 2 experiments that examine the shape of confidence-based z receiver operating characteristic (zROC) curves under different levels of response bias induced by changing stimulus probabilities (Experiment 1) and payoffs (Experiment 2). Changes in the shape of the zROC curves with bias indicate that confidence is not scaled directly from perceived familiarity or likelihood. A model of information accumulation in recognition memory is proposed that can account for the observed effects.
Predicting Response to Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy with Cross-Correlation Analysis of Myocardial Systolic Acceleration: A New Approach to Echocardiographic Dyssynchrony Evaluation

Background We tested the ability of cross-correlation analysis of myocardial systolic acceleration (XCA), a new marker of dyssynchrony based on tissue Doppler echocardiography, to predict long-term outcome of cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and to discriminate between control patients and patients with dyssynchrony. Methods XCA was performed by off-line analysis of digitally stored myocardial velocity curves in 44 patients treated with CRT and followed for 13 ± 2 months. We tested the ability of preimplant XCA to identify long-term responders to CRT (defined by a decrease in left ventricular end-systolic volume > 15%). Dyssynchrony findings were compared between CRT responders and 83 age-matched control patients with narrow QRS complexes and different levels of systolic cardiac dysfunction. XCA was compared with conventional dyssynchrony analysis based on differences in time-to-peak myocardial velocity. Results XCA was able to discriminate between long-term responders and nonresponders to CRT (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.66), but not significantly better than conventional analysis (AUC = 0.58). XCA showed large differences between the control groups and the CRT group ( P P Conclusion XCA significantly improves the assessment of intraventricular dyssynchrony, and dyssynchrony by this method is associated with positive long-term response to CRT.
Spreading depression in tissue culture.

A method is described to record neuronal activity, steady potential, and the impedance of mammalian neural tissue maintained in culture without the perturbation of explants by the introduction of electrodes into the culture. A phenomenon similar, if not identical, to spreading depression is demonstrated and can be produced by a high concentration of potassium, by mechanical or electrical stimuli. The presence of neurons is not required for the characteristic dc shift and impedance changes recorded during this condition. The rate of neuronal activity in explants from various brain areas can be reduced by small additions of potassium which could be generated by neuroglia during spreading depression.
Voltage-gated Na channel selectivity: the role of the conserved domain III lysine residue.

A remarkable feature of univalent cation-selective channels is their ability to discriminate between ions of the same charge and similar size. The mechanism of K+ selectivity has been studied extensively. KcsA, the first K+ channel to be characterized by x-ray crystallography, has a narrow 12-A-
Group AVTA: A microcomputer system for group voice chronography

An Apple II microcomputer and electronic interface extends the automatic vocal transaction analyzer (AVTA) approach from dyads to groups, examining the on-off patterns of vocalization among up to eight persons at once. The system eliminates spurious cross talk among microphones, recognizes one person speaking alone, and recognizes several persons speaking at once. Data are included to show how well the system performs with a group of five. On-off patterns of vocalization can be used to investigate differences among groups or among individuals within a group (e.g., in status, dominance, or leadership).
Effect of carbon and boron on the high-temperature oxidation of silicon carbide

Silicon carbide has good oxidation resistance, due to the formation of a protective silica layer. Although amorphous silica is an excellent oxygen barrier, it is very sensitive to impurity elements, which affect its viscosity, oxygen diffusivity, and crystallization kinetics. This paper compares the oxidation rates of CVD SiC, sintered α-SiC, and CVD SiC- coated graphite in 1 atm oxygen at 1500deg;C to determine the effects of small additions of boron and carbon. The formation of bubbles in the silica scale formed on sintered α-SiC in oxygen between 1230° and 1550deg;C is also discussed.
Successful Rotational Atherectomy of Mid-Saphenous Vein Graft Lesions

Rotational atherectomy has long been regarded as contraindicated for stenotic lesions within the body of saphenous vein grafts. So far, reports of rotational atherectomy in vein grafts have been concerned with ostial and distal anastomotic lesions. We report the first two cases of the successful use of the Rotablator for discrete lesions of mid-saphenous vein grafts. No complications were encountered. One patient is doing well 6 months after the procedure, and the other patient continues to do well more than 1 yearlater.
Creative coding and visual portfolios for CS1

In this paper, we present the design and development of a new approach to teaching the college-level introductory computing course (CS1) using the context of art and creative coding. Over the course of a semester, students create a portfolio of aesthetic visual designs that employ basic computing structures typically taught in traditional CS1 courses using the Processing programming language. The goal of this approach is to bring the excitement, creativity, and innovation fostered by the context of creative coding. We also present results from a comparative study involving two offerings of the new course at two different institutions. Additionally, we compare our results with another successful approach that uses personal robots to teach CS1.
Racial differences in gestational weight gain and pregnancy-related hypertension

Abstract Purpose The aim of the study was to examine racial differences in gestational weight gain (GWG) and pregnancy-related hypertension. Methods Logistic regression models tested racial differences in adequacy of GWG and pregnancy-induced hypertension in all singleton live births from the South Carolina 2004–2006 birth certificates. Results Compared with white women, black and Hispanic women had 16%–46% lower odds of gaining weight above the recommendations. However, the odds of inadequate GWG was ∼50% higher in black and Hispanic women with a pregnancy body mass index (BMI) less than 25 kg/m2. Furthermore, compared with women with adequate GWG, women with excessive GWG had higher odds of pregnancy-related hypertension (underweight: 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI; 1.66, 3.32]; normal: 2.05, 95% CI [1.84, 2.27]; overweight: 1.93, 95% CI [1.64, 2.27]; obese: 1.46, 95% CI [1.30, 1.63]). Among women with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2, black women had higher odds of pregnancy-related hypertension than white women (underweight: 1.64, 95% CI [1.14, 2.36]; normal weight: 1.28, 95% CI [1.15, 1.42]), whereas among women with a BMI less than 25 kg/m2, Hispanic women had 40% lower odds. Conclusions Programs are needed to curb excessive GWG in all racial groups and to help some sub-groups ensure adequate GWG. Maternal obesity and GWG are two factors that should be used in combination to reduce racial differences in pregnancy-related hypertension.
An Unusual Case of Hematochezia: Acute Ischemic Proctosigmoiditis

Acute ischemia of the rectum is uncommon and usually occurs after aorto-iliac surgery. In this report, we present a case of acute ischemic proctosigmoiditis that developed from a brief episode of hypotension. An 85-year-old male presented to the emergency room with hypotension, mental confusion, and passage of maroon-colored stool. He was resuscitated and treated for presumed sepsis. Computerized tomography of the abdomen and pelvis displayed signs of acute inflammation of the distal colon and rectum. Endoscopic findings and microscopic examination of the rectal biopsy revealed changes consistent with acute ischemic proctosigmoiditis. An evaluation for infectious etiologies was negative. The patient's clinical condition improved over the next 24 h with supportive care. Involvement of the rectum is rare in ischemic colitis because of its abundant collateral blood supply. Acute ischemic proctosigmoiditis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of elderly patients with multiple co-morbidities presenting with hematochezia.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Superfine Mg(OH)2 Crystal

Hexagonal lamellar crystals with 200-500nm in diameter and 50-100nm in thickness and fibrous morphological crystals with 100-300nm in diameter and 10-30μm in lengths are synthesized in hydrothermal conditions using MgCl2 and NaOH as raw materials in this paper. The particles size, morphology and crystal phase of the Mg (OH)2 particles as obtained are characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray (XRD). The results indicated that precursor concentration, temperature and time play an important role in formation of Mg (OH)2 crystals. The Mg (OH)2 particles display hexagonal lamellar morphology, when MgCl2 solution concentration is less than 1.5mol/L. Fibrous crystals are growing, when MgCl2 solution concentration is more than 1.5mol/L. Raising temperature and extending time is in favor of formation of fibrous Mg (OH)2 crystals. A mechanistic interpretation of formation of Mg (OH)2 crystals in hydrothermal condition is postulated. The interpretation that fibrous crystal is converted from hexagonal crystal is proved.
Patterns of Farm Rental in the Georgia Cotton Belt, 1880–1900

The story of the post-bellum reorganization of southern agriculture has been told many times, and the main features of the transition from slave to free labor are well known. Throughout the cotton economy the initial experiments with wage labor gave way to share-rent tenancy; later fixed-rent tenancy became common as well. That these changes resulted from an adjustment process in which both landlords and laborers increasingly recognized different contractual arrangements as mutually beneficial seems clearly established. The existing literature is deficient, however, by failing to account for the continuing diversity of contractual arrangements in southern agriculture. By 1880 the organizational variety that would persist for more than a half century could be clearly discerned: some farms were cultivated by their owners, often with the assistance of wives and children; others by hired workers receiving a fixed wage; some by tenants paying a stipulated amount of products (standing rent) or money (cash rent) for the use of the land; still others by tenants paying a definite share of the crops as rent. The “mix” of these arrangements varied widely from place to place, even within a given state, and changes occurred over time. How can one explain the proportions in which these various arrangements were employed and account for differences over time and space? In particular, what determined the proportion of the farms rented? Of the rented farms, what determined the proportion rented under share contracts? Did the farmer's race influence the form of the rental contract he obtained? This article attempts to answer these questions with reference to the Georgia cotton belt in the late nineteenth century.
Reduction of medical verbiage: fewer words, more meaning.

Brown and colleagues, in this issue, describe their elegant and ambitious efforts to distill a workable canonical vocabulary from the large number of raw problem statements used in one institution....
Perceptual groups as coding units in immediate memory

The relation between memory and perceptual unitization was investigated. Serial strings of 12 letters were presented for S’s immediate recall. According to one grouping of successive letters, the string was a series of four familiar acronyms such as YMCA-PHD-FBI-TV; according to a different grouping, the same string appeared to be utter nonsense. A prior study had investigated recall as related to groupings determined by temporal proximity of elements. The present studies examined two bases for grouping by visual similarity—the physical size of letters and the color of successive letters. Adjacent letters tended to be grouped together (and unitized in recall) if they were the same size or the same color. If the letters grouped together formed familiar acronyms, recall was greatly facilitated. Thus, whether a string of letters is perceived as meaningful and familiar depends greatly on how stimulus variables determine the groupings within the string.
Hospitals respond to water loss during the Midwest floods of 1993: Preparedness and improvisation

The Midwest floods of 1993 presented multiple emergency preparedness challenges to the six metropolitan medical centers in Des Moines, Iowa. As floodwaters overcame the Des Moines Water Treatment Plant, medical centers were faced with the task of responding to imminent water loss and its associated impact on patient care services and facility operations. Many clinical services were cancelled or diverted to alternate facilities. Ancillary resources were identified and implemented to maintain essential operations. Through effective emergency preparedness and creative improvisation, medical centers were able to overcome the initial crisis, sustain primary services, and ensure continued quality patient care. The article describes how sudden and prolonged water loss affected Des Moines hospitals. It also discusses aspects of hospital emergency preparedness that contributed to successful response.
Flexibility and curvature of duplex DNA containing mismatched sites as a function of temperature.

The flexibility and curvature of duplex DNAs containing mismatched sites have been monitored as a function of temperature. The diffusion coefficients are dependent on the flexibility and the curvature of the DNA, and these have been determined by NMR-based methods. The diffusion coefficients, D, depend on a Boltzmann term and the viscosity of the solvent, η, which is also temperature dependent. To analyze the temperature dependence of the diffusion results, the shape function, Sf = ηD/T, is used. The shape functions do not have the viscosity and temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients. The presence of mismatched sites significantly enhances the shape function of duplex DNA at all temperatures examined. The observed increases in the shape functions are attributed to the mismatched sites acting as localized flexible joints. The results on the temperature dependence of the shape functions, the optical absorbance, and the proton chemical shifts indicate that local melting at, and adjacent to, mis...
Electron microscopic studies on blood smears and hemoglobin in sickle cell disease

Abstract A replication method for the electron microscopic examination of blood cell surfaces and purified hemoglobin is described. Significant structural alterations were observed in erythrocytes and serum in blood smears from patients with sickle cell disease. Examination of hemoglobin by this method revealed rod-shaped crystals containing four internal electron-dense strands with dimensions which were in striking agreement with the length of the peptide chain and distance between iron atoms reported by other workers from X-ray diffraction studies. Therefore, it is believed that the crystals observed in this study represent molecular aggregates of hemoglobin. Although three dimensional crystals were present along cell surfaces and in close proximity to erythrocytes in blood smears from patients with sickle cell disease, they were not present within cells. It is suggested that an interface effect between hemoglobin and the cell membranes may be the mechanism by which sickling occurs. Studies of dilute solutions of hemoglobin which were dried on formvar films and examined in the electron microscope without further preparation showed structures containing four electrondense globules. These latter units were considered to represent hemoglobin molecules which had expanded by dissociation.
The structure and evolution of interstellar bubbles in a multiphase interstellar medium – I. Physical model

Les equations hydrodynamiques standard ont ete modifiees pour tenir compte des effets des echanges de masse, de moment et d'energie entre le fluide inter-nuage et les nuages
Characterization of cDNA clones encoding the human homologue of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ribosomal protein L30.

Abstract We have isolated cDNA clones encoding the human homologue (hL30) of yeast ribosomal protein (r-protein) L30. The hL30 nucleotide (nt) sequence shows high homology to the yeast sequences and also to a partial Xenopus laevis sequence previously identified as an immunoglobulin heavy chain. The 5′ end of hL30 is pyrimidine-rich, as is the case for most other mammalian r-protein mRNAs. The open reading frame consists of 157 codons with a C-terminal region that is different from corresponding regions of the yeast proteins. In several human tissue culture cells, the mRNA encoding hL30 is approx. 700 nt in length.
Equivalence between adaptive cancellation algorithms and linear time-varying compensators

The internal model principle of control theory specifies that, in order to completely reject a sinusoidal disturbance, a compensator should have poles on the imaginary axis at the frequency of the disturbance. It was found earlier that several adaptive algorithms for the cancellation of disturbances of fixed frequency were equivalent to linear time-invariant compensators satisfying the internal model principle. The paper investigates issues associated with disturbances of varying frequency. The main result is that the equivalence can be extended to linear time-varying system equivalence. However, one must be careful in the choice of the state-space model of the compensator. The linear time-varying system equivalence is shown to hold true for a large class of algorithms for adaptive disturbance cancellation.
Reputed rat scotophobin prepared by a solid-phase procedure shown invalid by comparison with a product derived from a classical synthesis on the basis of physical and biological properties.

Eine Synthese von Scotophobin mit klassischen Methoden ergab ein Produkt, das sich vom naturlichen Peptid hinsichtlich seiner biologischen, chromatographischen und physiologischen Eigenschaften unterschied. Es wird daraus gefolgert, dass die fur das naturliche Produkt vorgeschlagene Strukturformel nicht korrekt ist.
Structural specificity of estrogens in the induction of mitotic chromatid non-disjunction in HeLa cells.

A number of chemical agents including steroids, polyamines, colcemide and alcohols were studied with regard to their influence on the separation of sister chromatids during mitosis in HeLa cells. Estradiol-17 β, estriol, ethynyl estradiol and diethylstilbesterol, among the steroids tested, exhibited a high degree of structural specificity in the induction of mitotic chromatid non-disjunction seemingly identical to the phenomenon reported earlier in HeLa cells at 29 °C. Colcemide also elicited this anomaly at very low doses (1.7 × 10−8 M). The effects of estrogens and colcemide were reversible within certain limits depending upon their concentration and the duration of the treatment. Ethanol and propylene glycol (at a concentration of 2 per cent) caused a small number of chromosomes to appear at the poles during metaphase, though the subsequent separation of sister chromatids during anaphase was apparently normal. Spermidine and spermine tetrahydrochloride (5 × 10−5 M) behaved like ethanol, while putrescine and cadaverine produced no visible effects.
THE CONSERVATION OF THE 100,000TH STEINWAY PIANO

An account is given of the technical examination and treatment of the paintings on the 100,000th Steinway piano (1903), which is largely gilded. The painting on the lid, executed by Thomas Dewing, is in pristine condition. The painting on the case was found to be heavily overpainted and actively flaking. Historical sources on paintings on gilded surfaces and binding medium analysis were used to establish the possible causes of paint film deterioration. The attribution of the painting on the case is discussed.
On the dynamic response of a system with dry friction

The response of a single degree of freedom system with dry friction is considered. Den Hartog [1] gave an exact solution for the symmetric steady state motions of such a system in 1930. In this paper these results are extended to include a static coefficient of friction different from the dynamic one. More importantly, the asymptotic stability of the steady state motions and some transient behaviors are also determined. It is shown that for positive viscous damping the non-sticking steady state solutions of the same period as the forcing are nearly always asymptotically stable, but that for negative viscous damping, which may arise from aerodynamic forces [2], such motions can become unstable. By using bifurcation theory it is shown that new behaviors, such as aperiodic motions containing two distinct frequency components, can result from such dynamic instabilities. It is also shown that the symmetric motions with two stops per period can be unstable and that pairs of unsymmetric motions are born at the bifurcation points.
Kappa Concentration per Cell in Relation to the Life Cycle, Genotype and Mating Type in Paramecium Aurelia, Variety 4.

Summary.-In both mating typesandinbothheterozygotesandhomozy-gotes for the killer gene (K), the number of kappa particles per cell in-creases duringfirst 2 cell divisions after fertilization to a level about threetimes as greatas before fertilization. In thecourse of thefollowing 4or 5fissions, it dropsagain to thelevelcharacteristicofthegenotypeandmatingtype, remaining at thatleveluntil thenextfertilization. Thesecharacter-istic kappa concentrations are approximately 200 for Kktype VIII cells,400for KKtypeVIII andKktype VII cells, 800for KKtype VII cells. Change of genotypefromKk to eitherKK or kkresults in no changefromthe Kkkappa concentration characteristic of this stage of the life cycle during thefirst 7fissions. InthenewKKcells, the kappa regularlyrisestotheKKlevel after the9thandbefore the 10thfission. Inthekk cells, thekappasuddenly dropsto lowlevels or to zero after the 8thfission in somecells andprogressivelyinmoreandmorecells until the 15thfission whenitdisappeared from all. Apparently a newly introduced Kgene regularly
Idiom properties influencing idiom production in younger and older adults

In order to study the factors influencing storage, access, and retrieval of idioms as they relate to advancing age, we investigated the properties of idioms that directly influence idiom production and their relation to aging. In particular, we selected measures of structural complexity (grammatical class, syntactic frozenness) and a measure of semantic complexity (compositionality) along with several other measures that interact with representation and processing (idiom familiarity, word frequency, semantic neighborhood density). The performance of younger adults (age 18–30) was predicted by idiom familiarity; that of older adults (age 60–85) was predicted by frozenness. In addition, both younger and older adults performed better on full-sentence idioms than on verb-phrase ones. The results are discussed within a theoretical framework of idiom production and aging.
Bogomolov Multipliers of Groups of Order 128

This note describes an algorithm for computing Bogomolov multipliers of finite solvable groups. Compared to the existing algorithms, this one has improved performance and is able to recognize the commutator relations of the group that constitute its Bogomolov multiplier. As a sample case, we use the algorithm to effectively determine the multipliers of groups of order 128. Our results are a continuation of work of Chu et al. on Bogomolov multipliers of groups of order 64. In this paper, we utilize one of the key steps of another paper by the authors dealing with probabilistic aspects of universal commutator relations.
Thematic suspension and speech act qualification: Rhetorical effects of stray interrogative clauses in Japanese text

Abstract Although questioning is a common phenomenon, the nature of its rhetorical effects in Japanese text has not been sufficiently investigated. This paper analyzes the interrogative clauses in Japanese text which appear syntactically unattached to main predicates. Two kinds of rhetorical effects, ‘thematic suspension’ and ‘Speech Act Qualification’ (mitigating as well as evidential qualification) are proposed for these stray interrogative clauses (SICs). The dynamic force realized by the question-answer contract as well as by the relationship between the thematic framework and its rhematic response is presented as the source for the SIC's rhetorical effects.
Serum DNA binding activity in healthy subjects and in rheumatic disease

Modifications of the Farr ammonium sulfate precipitation assay for DNA antibodies have increased sensitivity and led to the detection of DNA binding in the sera of healthy subjects and subjects with rheumatic disease other than systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The presence of binding in immunochemically pure IgG and the pattern of inhibition by native and denatured DNA support the thesis that DNA binding of normal, non-SLE, and SLE sera is antibody and similar in kind although not in degree. The presence of antibodies to DNA in normal and non-SLE sera may limit the qualitative role of these antibodies in SLE and render DNA antibodies similar to antiglobulin and other antinuclear antibodies in rheumatic disease.
Site-Selective Metal Binding by Designed α-Helical Peptides

It is known that the designed α-helical peptide family TRI [(Ac-G(LKALEEK)4G-CONH2)], containing single site substitution of a cysteine for a leucine, is capable of binding Cd(II) within a three-st...
Second-Generation Civic America: Education, Citizenship, and the Children of Immigrants

Second-Generation Civic America: Education, Citizenship, and the Children of Immigrants The onset of recurrent mass immigration forced the United States to deal with a new problem "the preservation of the ability of people of dissimilar origins to act together under dissimilar conditions." Public institutions and ethnic groups faced the challenge of creating forms of social capital that would facilitate the crossing of boundaries for social and civic participation. Putnam has described the complex of networking, norms, and mutual social trust bringing together different groups in pursuit of common social and civic objectives as "bridging" social capital.' Both the public schools and settlement houses of the Progressive era directed creative forces for organizing social and civic networks to overcome group divisions. These institutions were, in part, a reaction to the putative weakness of "bridging" social capital in immigrant communities in an attempt to advance public spiritedness and commitment to the public interest. Progressiveera educators and settlement workers, responding to the perception that the nation had become a society of myriad sub-communities isolated and alienated from each other, identified a "second-generation problem": Deprived of both upbringing in their ancestral homeland and assimilation into their host society, the children of immigrants existed in a transnational
Numerical Modeling of Rainfall-Generated Overland Flow Using Nonlinear Shallow-Water Equations

AbstractThis paper presents a physics-based two-dimensional (2D) numerical model to simulate overland flows typically generated by rainfall of a storm event or multiple events in natural terrain with complex topography, landform, soil characteristics, and land use. The model is based on the 2D fully nonlinear shallow-water equations (SWEs) in which tempospatial variations of rainfall intensity and infiltration are taken into account as source and sink terms, respectively. The Green-Ampt equation is used to simulate infiltration. Due to strong nonlinearity of the coupled dynamic processes in overland flow and stormwater runoff, special efforts were made to solve this coupled-flow system under the conditions of unsteady rainfall intensity and natural terrain. To attain the modeling capabilities for multiple flow regimes including subcritical, supercritical, and the transitions, a second-order central-upwind shock-capturing scheme, which is well balanced and depth-positivity preserving, is used to solve the ...