cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ureteral involvement in genitourinary tuberculosis: review of 20 cases encountered over three years.

Abstract Genitourinary tuberculosis continues to be a significant worldwide problem. In the southwestern United States, this is particularly true among Indians and Spanish-Americans who, in the experience of the authors, frequently present with advanced and neglected disease. The possibility of silent development or progression of ureteral strictures while on antituberculous medication demands routine rographic evaluation of all patients in whom pulmonary tuberculosis is diagnosed. A large percentage of patients with ureteral tuberculosis undergo stricture formation or progression while on chemotherapy, and require reconstructive ureteral surgery if renal destruction is to be avoided.
Anthrax: diagnosis, treatment, prevention

Anthrax is a zoonotic disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. Herbivores are the natural host. Humans acquire the disease incidentally by contact with infected animals or animal products. The incidence of disease has decreased dramatically in developed countries as a result of animal vaccination programs and improved industrial hygiene. Clinical disease in humans presents in three distinct forms: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalational. More than 90% of naturally occurring cases of anthrax in the United States are of the cutaneous form. Eschar formation and edema at the site of inoculation characterize cutaneous anthrax. Gastrointestinal anthrax has never been reported in this country. Inhalational anthrax results from inhalation of B. anthracis endospores. The spores germinate in mediastinal lymph nodes before hematogenous dissemination. Disease progresses rapidly from nonspecific symptoms to death in the majority of cases. Diagnosis can be made by Gram stain or by culture of body fluids or lesions. Serologic tests including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and polymerase chain reaction are available in specialized laboratories. Marked widening of the mediastinum on chest radiograph is the most characteristic clinical finding. Penicillin is the drug of choice for the treatment of anthrax infections. Other acceptable alternatives include ciprofloxacin and doxycycline. Supportive care in an intensive care unit is a critical part of treatment for all but uncomplicated cutaneous infections. A vaccine is available for anthrax. Persons with high-risk occupations, such as laboratory workers and military forces, should receive the vaccine. In the case of suspected bioterrorism, ciprofloxacin or doxycycline should be given as chemoprophylaxis. The vaccine should be given concurrently, if available.
Chemosterilant Treatment of Two Greenhouse Spider Mites

Untreated females of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus telarius (L.), mated with males dipped in 0.5% apholate in alcohol-water solution, produced male progeny and dead eggs but no female progeny. Females exposed to 2% apholate dip produced no viable eggs and assumed the distinctive translucency of body content and disappearance of 2 dark pigmented spots typical of apholate sterilization. When supplied 10 virgin females, apholatetreated and normal males mated with an average of 3.6 and 6.4 females, respectively. Adult females, allowed to feed on plant foliage previously dipped in 1% aqueous apholate, ceased ovipositing after a few days and became sterile. Most adult males, fed for 24 hr on apholate-treated foliage, were sterilized. When compared with untreated females, females allowed to feed on residues and then mated with normal males laid fewer eggs that produced fewer male and fewer female progeny as well as numerous dead eggs. Some female progeny of treated females but not of treated males developed apholate-sterile characters even though reared from eggs laid on untreated foliage. Apholate residues on foliage persisted for at least 4 days. In tests to determine prevention of population buildup, 3 resistant strains and 1 nonresistant strain of T. telarius and the nonresistant T. cinnabarinus (Boisduval) were allowed to feed on treated plants. Susceptibility of T. cinnabarinus and the 4 strains of telarius to apholate varied only slightly.
Substitutions in vanadate garnets

Abstract Following the original synthesis of Durif of NaCa2Cu2V3O12 and later synthesis by Bayer of NaCa2M++V3O12 and Ca3LiM++V3O12, where M was Mg, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn, forty-one variations were prepared as phase-pure garnets. The general formulae of the garnets attempted were [A2++B+] M2++V3O12 (Type I) and A3+ [B+M++]V3O12 (Type II), where A++ = Mg, Sr, Pb, Cd or Ba, M++ = Mg, Co, Ni, Cu or Zn and B+ = Li, Ag, K or Rb.
Lambda-nucleon interaction potentials

Abstract Two-body S-wave, spin dependent, central Λ-N interaction potentials of the form first given by Ram and Downs are constructed to fit the zero energy scattering lengths as = −2.25 fm, at = −2.08 fm of Herndon and Tang. When assumed to be effective in even-parity states with full strength and in odd-parity states with zero strength, these potentials fit the Λ-p scattering cross section data very well. The binding energy D of the Λ-particle in nuclear matter using these potentials is calculated by the method of independent pair approximation. The potentials that best fit the scattering data give values for D which are only 3–4 MeV lower than that obtained previously with a potential of Hemdon and Tang. It is concluded that the three-body ΛNN forces may be quite important in the calculations of D.
Alteration of lipid organization following fertilization of sea urchin eggs

The fluorescent probe merocyanine 540 was used to examine the organization of the lipids in the external leaflet of the plasma membrane after fertilization of sea urchin eggs. These lipids in unfertilized eggs are closely packed, as evidenced by their inability to bind the dye, whereas in fertilized eggs and cells of embryos up to at least the gastrula stage, the membrane becomes more loosely organized, and stains with bright ring fluorescence. Induction of late fertilization events with ammonia failed to induce this change in staining behavior. Sperm components are not required to induce this alteration since parthenogenetically activated eggs stained. However, treatment of eggs with procaine, which specifically inhibits the early event of cortical granule fusion, was effective in suppressing staining. These results indicate that cortical granule fusion after fertilization results in a change in the organization of the lipids of the plasma membrane of sea urchin eggs.
Bronchoscopy-Derived Correlates of Lung Injury following Inhalational Injuries: A Prospective Observational Study

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a major factor determining morbidity following burns and inhalational injury. In experimental models, factors potentially contributing to ALI risk include inhalation of toxins directly causing cell damage; inflammation; and infection. However, few studies have been done in humans. Methods: We carried out a prospective observational study of patients admitted to the NC Jaycees Burn Center who were intubated and on mechanical ventilation for burns and suspected inhalational injury. Subjects were enrolled over an 8month period and followed till discharge or death. Serial bronchial washings from clinically-indicated bronchoscopies were collected and analyzed for markers of cell injury and inflammation. These markers were compared with clinical markers of ALI. Results: Forty-three consecutive patients were studied, with a spectrum of burn and inhalation injury severity. Visible soot at initial bronchoscopy and gram negative bacteria in the lower respiratory tract were associated with ALI in univariate analyses. Subsequent multivariate analysis also controlled for % body surface area burns, infection, and inhalation severity. Elevated IL-10 and reduced IL-12p70 in bronchial washings were statistically significantly associated with ALI. Conclusions: Independently of several factors including initial inhalational injury severity, infection, and extent of surface burns, high early levels of IL-10 and low levels of IL-12p70 in the central airways are associated with ALI in patients intubated after acute burn/inhalation injury. Lower airway secretions can be collected serially in critically ill burn/inhalation injury patients and may yield important clues to specific pathophysiologic pathways. Citation: Jones SW, Zhou H, Ortiz-Pujols SM, Maile R, Herbst M, et al. (2013) Bronchoscopy-Derived Correlates of Lung Injury following Inhalational Injuries: A
Monitoring antibody–antigen reactions at conducting polymer-based immunosensors using impedance spectroscopy

Abstract The mechanisms of antibody–antigen (Ab–Ag) interactions at conducting polypyrrole electrodes have been investigated using impedance spectroscopy techniques. The effects of the variation in ion exchange, solution composition, and the condition of the synthesis have been used to study the capacitive behavior of antibody-containing polypyrrole electrodes in the presence of the antigen. The theory of charge generation and transportation in the heterogeneous polymeric domains is proposed as the predominant basis for the analytical signals observed at these electrodes. The significant difference observed in the impedance response at different potentials confirmed that the Ab–Ag interaction was largely influenced by the applied potential.
A Coexistence-Aware Spectrum Sharing Protocol for 802.22 WRANs

IEEE 802.22 is the first wireless standard based on cognitive radio (CR) technology. It defines the air interface for a wireless regional area network (WRAN) that uses fallow segments of the TV broadcast bands. CR technology enables unlicensed users in WRANs to utilize licensed (incumbent) spectrum bands on a non-interference basis to incumbent users. The coexistence between incumbent users and unlicensed users is referred to as incumbent coexistence. On the other hand, the coexistence between unlicensed users in different WRAN cells is referred to as self-coexistence. 802.22 defines several inter-base station (BS) dynamic resource sharing mechanisms to enable overlapping cells to share spectrum. However, those mechanisms do not adequately address some of the key issues concerning incumbent and self coexistence. In this paper, we propose an inter-BS CoexistenceAware Spectrum Sharing (CASS) protocol for overlapping 802.22 cells that takes into account coexistence requirements. We show that the proposed protocol outperforms 802.22’s self-coexistence solutions using simulation results. To the best of our knowledge, the work presented here is the first systematic study of the selfcoexistence problem in the context of 802.22 WRANs.
Surveillance for early detection of aggressive parathyroid disease: carcinoma and atypical adenoma in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism associated with a germline HRPT2 mutation.

Familial hyperparathyroid syndromes involving mutations of HRPT2 (also CDC73), a tumor suppressor, are important to identify because the relatively high incidence of parathyroid malignancy associated with such mutations warrants a specific surveillance strategy. However, there is a dearth of reports describing experience with surveillance and early detection informed by genetic insight into this disorder. Introduction: Familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHP) is a rare cause of parathyroid (PT) tumors without other neoplasms or endocrinopathies. Germline mutations in CASR, MEN1, and rarely, HRPT2 have been identified in kindreds with FIHP. HRPT2 mutations may be enriched in FIHP families with PT carcinoma, underscoring the importance of identifying causative mutations. Materials and Methods: A 13-year-old boy, whose father had died of PT carcinoma, developed primary hyperparathyroidism. A left superior PT mass was identified by ultrasonography and removed surgically. Aggressive histological features of the boy's tumor included fibrous trabeculae, mitoses, and microscopic capsular infiltration. Two years later, under close biochemical surveillance, primary hyperparathyroidism recurred 5 months after documentation of normocalcemia and normal parathyroid status. Ultrasound and MRI identified a newly enlarged right superior PT gland but indicated no recurrent disease in the left neck. Histologic features typical of a benign adenoma were evident after surgical extirpation of the gland. Results: Leukocyte DNA analysis revealed a frameshift mutation in exon 2 of HRPT2. The initial tumor manifested the expected germline HRPT2 mutation, plus a distinct somatic frameshift mutation, consistent with the Knudson “two hit” concept of biallelic inactivation of a classic tumor suppressor gene. Genetic screening of the patient's 7 asymptomatic and previously normocalcemic siblings revealed three with the same germline HRPT2 mutation. One of the siblings newly identified as mutation-positive was noted to be hypercalcemic at the time of the genetic screening. He was found to have a PT adenoma with aggressive features. Two of the five children of another mutation-positive sibling also carry the same HRPT2 mutation. Conclusions: Despite the reported rarity of HRPT2 mutations in FIHP, a personal or family history of PT carcinoma in FIHP mandates serious consideration of germline HRPT2 mutation status. This information can be used in diagnostic and management considerations, leading to early detection and removal of potentially malignant parathyroid tumors.
Four varied cases of intravascular lymphomatosis and a literature review

Background. Intravascular lymphoma (IVL) is an uncommon malignancy defined pathologically by neoplastic proliferation of lymphoid cells within the lumens of capillaries, small veins, and arteries, with little or no adjacent parenchymal involvement. The nature of IVL has been the subject of considerable controversy. Recent immunohistochemical studies have demonstrated clearly that the tumors bear the immunophenotype of neoplastic lymphoid cells of either B-cell or T-cell lineage. IVL commonly affects the central nervous system, resulting in progressive dementia and multiple neurologic deficits; skin is the second most common site of involvement, in the form of cutaneous plaques and nodules. Methods. In a retrospective review of all cases of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma seen at our institution, four cases of IVL were identified. Case 1 was fixed in methacarin, and Cases 2–4 were fixed in 10% formalin. Standard fixation, tissue processing, sectioning, and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used. Immunophenotypic studies were performed using a modified avidin-biotin complex technique. The specimen in Case 1 was stained by Giemsa stain using standard techniques. Results. Four cases of IVL are presented. One patient experienced hypoxemia and fevers of unknown origin; the second, dementia and a vasculitislike illness; the third rapidly progressive dementia, nonlocalizing neurologic deficits, and panhypopituitarism; the fourth Kaposi-like skin lesions. Case 1 relapsed shortly after completing chemotherapy. Salvage chemotherapy has yielded good initial response. Autopsy findings in cases 2, 3 and 4 confirmed IVL in many vessels, including the brain, lung, liver, heart, gastrointestinal tract, glomerulus, central nervous system, and skin. Malignant lymphoid cells marked as B-cells in all cases. Conclusions. Unusual and interesting clinical presentations may occur in patients with IVL. The medical literature indicates that few cases are diagnosed ante mortem. Although isolated patients may respond favorably to chemotherapy, most will deteriorate rapidly and the diagnosis of IVL not contemplated until necropsy.
Green Machine: Electric Yard and Garden Helper

The mean age in the population is rising and the number of individuals age 65 and older is projected to increase prompting the need for technology to aid persons with decreased strength and physical ability1. Gardening is a form of moderate-intensity aerobic workout, which burns calories and helps maintain flexibility. It has also been shown to be therapeutic and fulfilling. The purpose of the Green Machine is to provide a robotic gardening/yard work assistant to aid with transporting and handling heavy loads during yard and garden work.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Posterior Direct Decompression and Fusion of the Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Fractures with Neurological Deficit

Study D Design: A retrospective study. Purpose: To analyze the treatment outcome of patients with lower thoracic and lumbar fractures combined with neurological deficits. Overview oof LLiterature: Although various methods of the surgical treatment for lower thoracic and lumbar fractures are used, there has been no surgical treatment established as a superior option than others. Methods: Between March 2001 and August 2009, this study enrolled 13 patients with lower thoracic and lumbar fractures who underwent spinal canal decompression by removing posteriorly displaced bony fragments via the posterior approach and who followed up for more than a year. We analyzed the difference between the preoperative and postoperative extents of canal encroachment, degrees of neurologic deficits and changes in the local kyphotic angle. Results: The average age of the patients was 37 years. There were 10 patients with unstable burst factures and 3 patients with translational injuries. Canal encroachment improved from preoperative average of 84% to 9% postoperatively. Local kyphosis also improved from 20.5�to 1.5� . In 92% (12/13) of the patients, neurologic deficit improved more than Frankel grade 1 and an average improvement of 1.7 grade was observed. Deterioration of neurologic symptoms was not observed. Although some loss of reduction of kyphotic deformity was observed at the final follow-up, serious complications were not observed. Conclusions: When posteriorly displaced bony fragments were removed by the posterior approach, neurological recovery could be facilitated by adequate decompression without serious complications. The posterior direct decompression could be used as one of treatments for lower thoracic and lumbar fractures combined with neurologic injuries.
Nitrogen fixation of soybean and alfalfa on sewage sludge-amended soils

Abstract Metal uptake by growing plants varies among species. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to determine growth, heavy metal uptake and N 2 fixation of soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) and alfalfa ( Medicago sativa (L.) using two soils and two sources of sewage sludge. The municipal sludges were collected from an industrialized city and a small town with little industry, and were applied at rates of 35 and 70 Mg ha −1 . The root and shoot dry weights of both alfalfa and soybean were increased by the application of limed anaerobically digested, low-metal sludge. Dinitrogen fixation, however, was not significantly affected by low-metal sludge application. Dry matter and N 2 fixation of both soybean and alfalfa were significantly decreased by the application of high-metal sludge in plants grown on both soils.
Counting by Humans on a Fixed-ratio Schedule of Reinforcement.

In a series of experiments on observing behavior (2, 3), a subject is asked to monitor a dial and report deflections of a pointer. The dial is in the dark and can be seen only by pressing a key which briefly flashes a light. This response on the light-flashing key is defined as an observing response since it is essential for detecting the signal. The work has demonstrated that signal detections reinforce the observing response.
Analysis of "solution effects" injury: rabbit renal cortex frozen in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract Slices of rabbit renal cortex were frozen in 0.64 or 1.92 M dimethyl sulfoxide (Me 2 SO) to various subzero temperatures, thawed, and assayed for viability. Salt and Me 2 SO concentrations were calculated and correlated with the injury taking place during freezing. In separate experiments, slices were treated with NaCl or Me 2 SO in concentrations sufficient to simulate the exposure brought about as a result of freezing. The effects of these treatments on cortical viability were compared with the results of freezing to equivalent concentrations of either NaCl or Me 2 SO. The results show that whereas slices will tolerate exposure to at least six times the isotonic concentration of NaCl at 0 °C, they are unable to tolerate even three times the isotonic salt concentration when frozen in 1.92 M Me 2 SO. They can, however, tolerate 3 × NaCl when frozen in 0.64 M Me 2 SO. Freezing damage did not depend upon the amount of ice formed per se, since slices frozen in the low concentration of Me 2 SO tolerated removal of about 75% of the initial fluid content of the system, whereas slices frozen in 1.92 M Me 2 SO did not tolerate an identical removal of unfrozen solution. It was found that treatment of slices with high concentrations of Me 2 SO at subzero temperatures in accordance with Elford's application (14) of Farrant's method (20) produced damage which correlated approximately with the damage observed when the same concentrations of Me 2 SO were produced by freezing. It is concluded that most of the damage caused by freezing in 1.92 M Me 2 SO is produced either directly or indirectly by Me 2 SO. Possible mechanisms for this injury are discussed.
Concepts of Micropaleontology Applied to Petroleum Geology: ABSTRACT

Micropaleontologic correlations by means of planktonic microfossil zones, defined on either an evolutionary or paleoceanographic basis, show that there are major time-transgressive features for paleontologic zones based upon benthic forams. This problem is especially acute in tectonically active basins where rapid sedimentation is combined with differential subsidence rates. Stage boundaries based on benthic species may occur progressively down-section toward submarine fans; conversely, such boundaries are progressively higher in the section toward deep-water depositional areas that are far from sediment sources. Thus, the misidentification of stratigraphic objectives can lead to drilling errors of many hundreds of meters in exploring different depositional centers within a basin. This aspect of correlation precision is especially acute in areas of continental margins. Paleoenvironmental logging of sections and wells, employing primarily benthic foram faunas, makes possible (1) definition of paleobathymetric cycles, (2) detection of areas with truncated cycles, (3) definition of principal depositional centers and their migration in time, (4) proper evaluation of sediment bodies such as turbidites and submarine landslides, and (5) definition of paleotectonic rates which lead to the definition of structural trends developing within a basin. End_of_Article - Last_Page 602------------
Simultaneous suppression of responses to allogeneic tissue in vitro and in vivo.

Abstract Tritiated thymidine incorporation by Lewis rat spleen cells stimulated in mixed lymphocyte cultures with F 1 hybrid spleen cells was suppressed by treatment of the cultures with 5-bromodeoxyuridine and light. Reduction of the in vitro proliferative responses was accompanied by similar abrogation of the capacity of cultured cells to induce local graft-versus-host (GVH) responses in susceptible F 1 recipients. This effect was not observed with unstimulated, but similarly treated cells. The findings establish a relationship between cells responding in mixed lymphocyte cultures and cells mediating GVH reactions; both responses are diminished by a treatment lethal to replicating cells. These studies suggest avenues for further investigation of transplantation of immunocompetent cells.
Hanoi: City of the Rising Dragon

Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Prologue Part 3 The Spirit of the City Chapter 4 A City that Remembers Chapter 5 The French Model Part 6 History and Its Secrets Chapter 7 1945: Under the Red Flag Chapter 8 1946: In the Footsteps of the Colonial Surete Part 9 Toward Liberation Chapter 10 1954: A Troubled Independence Chapter 11 1965-1975: War or Peace Part 12 Visions of the Future Chapter 13 A The Era of Renovation Chapter 14 A Capital for All Vietnamese Chapter 15 Chronology Chapter 16 Maps of Hanoi Chapter 17 Translator's Note Chapter 18 Selected Bibiography Suggested Reading
A Semi-automated Segmentation of Soil X-ray Microtomography☆

Abstract Soils are complex environments comprising various biological (roots, water, air etc) and physical constituents (minerals, aggregates, etc). In this paper, we develop a semi-automated method for segmenting X-ray Micro-tomography (XMT) images to voids, soil, and root regions; in addition, we propose various metrics to automatically quantify soil aggregation and compaction properties in a specified spatial location. Metrics derived for 2D are generalized also for 3D. Experiments are performed on synchrotron-based XMT imagery obtained at the Advance Light Source of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL).
Hydrodynamic fin function of brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis

SUMMARY Although the pulsed jet is often considered the foundation of a squid9s locomotive system, the lateral fins also probably play an important role in swimming, potentially providing thrust, lift and dynamic stability as needed. Fin morphology and movement vary greatly among squid species, but the locomotive role of the fins is not well understood. To begin to elucidate the locomotive role of the fins in squids, fin hydrodynamics were studied in the brief squid Lolliguncula brevis , a species that exhibits a wide range of fin movements depending on swimming speed. Individual squid were trained to swim in both the arms-first and tail-first orientations against currents in a water tunnel seeded with light-reflective particles. Particle-laden water around the fins was illuminated with lasers and videotaped so that flow dynamics around the fins could be analyzed using digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV). Time-averaged forces generated by the fin were quantified from vorticity fields of the fin wake. During the low swimming speeds considered in this study [ DML ) per second], L. brevis exhibited four unique fin wake patterns, each with distinctive vortical structures: (1) fin mode I, in which one vortex is shed with each downstroke, generally occurring at low speeds; (2) fin mode II, an undulatory mode in which a continuous linked chain of vortices is produced; (3) fin mode III, in which one vortex is shed with each downstroke and upstroke, and; (4) fin mode IV, in which a discontinuous chain of linked double vortex structures is produced. All modes were detected during tail-first swimming but only fin modes II and III were observed during arms-first swimming. The fins produced horizontal and vertical forces of varying degrees depending on stroke phase, swimming speed, and swimming orientation. During tail-first swimming, the fins functioned primarily as stabilizers at low speeds before shifting to propulsors as speed increased, all while generating net lift. During arms-first swimming, the fins primarily provided lift with thrust production playing a reduced role. These results demonstrate the lateral fins are an integral component of the complex locomotive system of L. brevis , producing lift and thrust forces through different locomotive modes.
Race-related differences in breast cancer patients: results of the 1982 national survey of breast cancer by the American college of surgeons

Data from the 1982 breast cancer survey of the American College of Surgeons were used to evaluate factors related to clinical, epidemiologic, and survival differences between black and white patients. Breast cancer in blacks was not discovered as early as in whites. Distribution of pathologic types of tumors were similar for both races with the exception of medullary carcinoma, which was more frequent in blacks than in whites. Estrogen receptor-positive tumors were found significantly less frequently in blacks compared with whites. Survival was better for whites compared with blacks within each axillary nodes group 0, 1 to 3, and 4+. Black women with negative or positive estrogen receptors had lower survival rates than white women of the same receptor status. A regression analysis using Cox's proportional hazards model showed race, clinical stage or axillary nodal status, age at diagnosis, and estrogen receptor status as significant predictors of survival. Significant differences between black and white patients were also observed with respect to the report of family history of breast cancer, age at first pregnancy, number of pregnancies, and age at cessation of menses.
Posttraumatic Stress in Youth Experiencing Illnesses and Injuries: An Exploratory Meta-Analysis

To date there is no quantitative review of predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in youth experiencing illnesses or injuries. This article presents a meta-analysis of variables associated with the development of PTSD among those youth. Twenty-six studies were included: 18 involving children experiencing injuries and 8 with pediatric illnesses. Among injured youth, socioeconomic status and social impairment were small to moderate correlates of PTSD, whereas depressive and anxious symptoms, dissociation, acute stress disorder, and the appraisal of trauma severity and life threat displayed large effect sizes with PTSD severity. Among ill youth, social support and the appraisal of illness severity and life threat emerged as small to moderate predictors of posttraumatic symptoms. The current findings are exploratory in nature, as a primary limitation of the current study includes the limited number of independent studies that have evaluated these predictors. Current findings further our understanding of PTSD through exploration of possible indicators of at-risk youth who have experienced illness and injury. Language: en
Estimation of temporal scales of variation in long-term scalp electroencephalograms from epilepsy patients

Long-term neurophysiological recordings, such as scalp encephalograms (EEG), have been routinely used in studies that aim to characterize dynamic changes in brain activity associated with normal biological processes, such as sleep, but are also becoming increasingly common for clinical evaluation of patients with neurological disorders, such as epilepsy. Analysis of non-stationary recordings from multiple days poses new signal processing challenges, in regard to algorithm efficiency and computational cost, as well as adequate dimensionality data reduction. We compared four approaches for estimating the underlying temporal dynamics of long-term recordings from patients with medically refractory epilepsy: (i) model order selection using the minimum description length principle, (ii) approximate entropy, (iii) mutual information, and (iv) Detrended Fluctuation Analysis (DFA). Individual approaches were found to be sensitive only to specific scales of variation. Approximate entropy and mutual information were sensitive to local dynamics, whereas dynamic model order estimation captured only slowly varying dynamics. DFA was sensitive to multiple temporal scales.
Gauge transformations in quantum field theory

Fields are discussed that are described by Lagrangians invariant with respect to gauge transformations. A formula is given that allows the description of quantum gauge transformations in compact form.
Heat and Fluid Flow Inside Rotating Channels

Power generation and refrigeration accomplished by means of rotating or reciprocating machinery. One of the basic elements of rotating machinery is the rotating channel system. With the desire for ever increasing efficiency in power generation and refrigeration, higher or lower operating temperatures are achieved. It has provided motivation for the pursuit of knowledge on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics. This paper reviews the literature pertinent to studies of fluid flow and/or heat transfer in channel flows subjected to radial rotation, parallel rotation, and coaxial revolution. Special problems unique to rotating systems are discussed and future study areas are suggested.
The mouse βB1-crystallin promoter: strict regulation of lens fiber cell specificity

Abstract Previous studies have shown that the chicken βB1-crystallin promoter (−434/+30) contains all of the signals necessary to specifically direct high level expression of heterologous genes to the lens fiber cells of mice. In the present study, the mouse βB1-crystallin gene was cloned, and its regulation was investigated to further elucidate the mechanisms controlling lens fiber cell-specific gene expression. Phylogenetic footprinting analysis of the 5′ flanking sequence from the mouse, rat, human and chicken βB1-crystallin genes identified several known and putative functional cis elements including the PL2 element which is required for lens-specific expression of the chicken βB1 promoter. Surprisingly, however, all six mouse βB1-crystallin/CAT constructs tested (−1493/+44, −1493/+30, −870/+30, −250/+30, −135/+30 and −98/+30) were inactive in three different mammalian lens-derived cell lines while only the −870/+30 and −98/+30 constructs were active in chicken primary patched lens epithelial cells. In contrast, the chicken βB1-crystallin promoter (−434/+30) was transcriptionally active in all lens-derived cells tested. Transgenic mice harboring a mouse βB1-crystallin −1493/+44 CAT construct did express the transgene specifically in lens fiber cells, however, at lower levels than that previously reported for a chicken −434/+30 CAT construct. These data suggest that, as in other crystallin genes, the regulatory signals controlling lens fiber cell-specific expression are conserved between chicken and mouse. However, the inability of the mouse βB1-crystallin promoter to function in mammalian lens-derived cultured cells implies that this gene has acquired additional cis -regulatory elements to ensure lens fiber cell specificity.
Neurotensin Binding to Dopamine

: Rotating disk electrode voltammetry at glassy carbon electrodes and ultraviolet/visible spectroscopy were used to demonstrate that dopamine binds to neurotensin with a dissociation constant of 7.5 × 10-8. By measuring the binding constants of various neurotensin analogs, it was found that the -Arg8-Arg9-portion of the neurotensin sequence is critical for binding dopamine. Neurotensin also formed a complex with 4-ethylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 3-methoxytyramine, and norepinephrine. Although changes in the side chain did not alter the binding constant, methoxylation of the catechol moiety significantly increased the dissociation constant. These data along with additional studies of dopamine interactions with arginine derivatives suggest that the guanidino groups of arginine and the catechol hydroxyls of dopamine are responsible for mediating the observed binding. It is hypothesized that the capacity of neurotensin to bind directly to dopamine may be partly responsible for its previously observed antagonism of dopamine-induced locomotor activity.
Worker Education in England and France, 1800–1914

Professor J.F.C. Harrison's recently-published book, Learning and Living, 1790–1960, underscores the sometimes neglected fact that strikes, agitation and political action are not the only ways to change a society, even though they are usually the most spectacular. For nearly two centuries multitudes of Englishmen put some of their faith in a number of less direct processes, all of which may be categorized as adult education. The men and women who devoted themselves to this work had different aims and used different methods, but all of them sought to educate grown men, particularly factory workers, and all of them believed their efforts would somehow make England a better place. This movement was not unique; in France, for example, something similar took place. Unfortunately, no one has studied the French movement as Professor Harrison has the English. Enough information on the history of worker education in France is available, however, to make possible a comparison of the movements in the two countries and thus help to confirm or bring into question some accepted propositions concerning differences in their political and religious attitudes and climates of opinion.
Growth hormone response to L-Dopa and clonidine in autistic children

Studies have shown abnormal pituitary hormone responses to neuroendocrine agonists in autistic subjects. Two probes (clonidine and L-Dopa) were used to investigate neuroendocrine responses through changes in growth hormone levels. Seven medication-free autistic subjects (ages 6.6 to 19.1) were evaluated and compared to 14 normal controls. Growth hormone was collected at 30-min intervals during the entire study. Clonidine was administered first (dose: 0.15 mgm2), and samples were collected for 180 min. L-Dopa was then administered (dose: 250 mg for subjects less than 70 lb and 500 mg for subjects greater than 70 lb), and samples were collected for 120 min. There was no difference in the amplitude of the clonidine or L-Dopa peak growth hormone responses in the control versus the autistic subjects. In the autistic subjects, the L-Dopa-stimulated growth hormone peak was delayed and the clonidine growth hormone peak was premature. A statistical difference with the control subjects was found when consideration was given to both the premature response of growth hormone to clonidine and the delayed response to L-Dopa (p = .01, Fisher's Exact Test). These findings suggest possible abnormalities of both dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission in subjects with autism.
Invited SIG: designing for the living room tv experience

This SIG brings together practitioners and academic user researchers and designers who are interested in or working on defining both the software and hardware aspects of the user experience for TV. This SIG will be useful to people at all stages ranging from early research to released products. We especially welcome people from product labs.
Henselian implies large

In this note we show that the quotient field of a domain which is Henselian with respect to a nontrivial ideal is a large field, and give some applications of this fact, using a specialization theorem for ramified covers of the line over (generalized) Krull fields.
FUNDAMENTAL STUDY, AND EQUIPMENT FOR SINTERING AND TESTING OF CERMET BODIES, I–III

Cermet bodies, † composed of metals and oxides, are being developed for high-temperature service. Part I covers the theoretical aspects of experiments of a fundamental chemistry nature which accompanied the laboratory development of test specimens. Compacts of metal powders (Xi, Fe, Co, Cr, and Cr-B) were fired at 2880° to 3500°F. on pure Al2O3 tile in various controlled atmospheres. The results indicate that a controlled layer of oxide on the surfaces of the metal-powder grains is essential for good bonding. Special furnaces, described in Part II, were necessary for the fundamental study and for sintering cermet specimens. Equipment for determining instantaneous modulus of rupture and tensile rupture, and longtime stress-rupture in bending at temperatures up to 2400°F., is described in Part III.
Synthesis of a non-cationic, water-soluble perylenetetracarboxylic diimide and its interactions with G-quadruplex-forming DNA

Abstract A number of N,N′-disubstituted perylenetetracarboxylic diimides have been reported to bind effectively to DNA that adopts G-quadruplex motifs. In some cases, this binding may actively drive the transition from single-strand DNA to the quadruplex form. The perylenediimides in the reported cases all have amine-containing side chains, which are thought to interact with the grooves of the quadruplex and help dictate the selectivity of these compounds for quadruplex versus duplex DNA. We synthesized a polyethyleneglycol-swallowtailed (PEG-tailed) perylenediimide that is water-soluble even though it is uncharged. Binding to duplex and quadruplex DNA of this perylenediimide was studied by fluorescence quenching titrations under a variety of salt conditions, and the compound’s effect on quadruplex formation was studied by non-denaturing gel electrophoresis. Our results indicate that while the molecule binds to single-stranded DNA quite effectively and with selectivity, it does not drive the transition of the DNA to the tetrameric quadruplex structure, supporting the idea that charge neutralization is a key component of perylene compounds that stabilize tetrameric quadruplexes.
Thermometric studies of the reduction of Mo(VI) by Sn(II) in 6 M–0·3 M HCl

Abstract Reaction stoichiometry, kinetics and thermochemistry for the reduction of Mo(VI) by Sn(II) has been studied in 6 M–0·3 M HCl. Heats of reaction vary from −45 KJ/mole e − to −109 KJ/mole e − in this region. In all cases, Mo(V) is the product. In 0·3 M HCl reduction yields molybdenum blue. Stoichiometrically, the species formed have the form [Mo(VI)-Mo(V) 2 ].
The antecedents and consequences of underemployment among expatriates

While most previous research has studied underemployment among laid-off workers or new college graduates in domestic settings, this study investigates underemployment among managers in overseas assignments. Using data from 268 expatriates from six Fortune 500 multinational firms, the results here suggest that several important job- and organizational-level factors may contribute to underemployment among expatriates: hierarchical job level, assignment tenure, the extent to which expatriates have specific projects to complete, the degree of free choice in the decision to go overseas, the amount of on-site mentoring, and the strategic importance of the overseas site. In contrast to previous research, then, the present study suggests that many expatriates are overqualified, as well as underqualified, for their overseas assignments. Moreover, this underemployment is negatively related to expatriates' job attitudes, general mental health, and self-reported job performance. In addition, mediated regression analyses revealed that underemployment is an important intervening link between antecedent and outcome variables. The implications of the results for future theory development, empirical research, and management practice on underemployment are discussed as well. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Plant Taxa from Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona

Descriptions of previously undescribed taxa are provided for plant taxa from Colorado (Phacelia), New Mexico (Phacelia; Mentzelia), and Arizona (Xylorhiza).
Scholars, true believers, and the identity crisis in American anthropology

Sanjek, Roger, ed. Fieldnotes: The Makings of Anthropology. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1990. xviii + 429 pp. including chapter references and index. $42.50 cloth, $12.95 paper. Fluehr‐Lobban, Carolyn. Ethics and the Profession of Anthropology: Dialogue for a New Era. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991. xiii + 296 pp. including chapter references, appendices, and index. $31.95 cloth.
Behavioral game theory: Plausible formal models that predict accurately

Many weaknesses of game theory are cured by new models that embody simple cognitive principles, while maintaining the formalism and generality that makes game theory useful. Social preference models can generate team reasoning by combining reciprocation and correlated equilibrium. Models of limited iterated thinking explain data better than equilibrium models do; and they self-repair problems of implausibility and multiplicity of equilibria.
Low-loss fusion splice technique for multicore fiber with a large cladding diameter

Fusion splice technique for multicore fiber was demonstrated. Low splice loss less than 0.1 dB in average was realized by using end-view alignment system and swing electrode system under small cleaved angle condition.
Sub-Chromatid Rearrangements in Trillium erectum. I. Origin and Nature of Configurations Induced by Ionizing Radiation

Microsporocytes of Trillium erectum were x-irradiated with 25 r at various stages of meiotic prophase and at first metaphase. Analysis of these cells at the following first and second anaphase revealed that post-pachytene irradiation produces 2-side-arm bridges which are indicative of half-chromatid exchanges. The occurrence of these bridges and knowledge of the structure and spatial relationship of chromatid strands in T. erectum have led to certain conclusions regarding the target and the number of strands broken by a single event: (1) the most likely target for primary effects is the 4 associated half-chromatids of a half-bivalent. The results of irradiation experiments suggest that the half-bivalent is effectively as well as structurally quadripartite at stages following pachytene. (2) Consideration of the configurations which would result from breakage and rejoining of 2, 3 or all 4 strands of the half-bivalent indicates that only 2 of the 4 half-chromatids are broken by a single event. Exchanges between 2 half-chromatids of sister chromatids will produce two recognizable types of 2-side-arm bridges: one with a true dicentric half-chromatid and one in which the bridge results merely from an interlocking of coils. Whether a 2-side-arm bridge appears at first or second meiotic anaphase is determined bymore » the position and number of chiasmata between the point of breakage and the kinetochore. No 2-side-arm bridges have been detected at microspore anaphase following meiotic prophase irradiation. Finally, the types of configurations which might be expected at microspore metaphase as a result of broken 2-side-arm bridges are noted.« less
Teaching urban politics at an Albanian university: how do you make an American sub-discipline internationally relevant?

This article compares American and Albanian college students’ urban political experiences in order to understand the relevance of American models of urban politics to developing nations. Urban growth in Albania has created needs for teaching students about urban governance. The evidence presented here suggests that Albanians’ conceptions of urban problems probably lend themselves to political activism. The challenge is to create models for teaching urban politics that are more relevant to students in developing nations.
PREHISPANIC JEDDITO YELLOW WARE: AN OVERVIEW

This paper summarizes the state of knowledge of Jeddito Yellow Ware bowls for several attributes related to typology including external design elements (glyphs), village of manufacture using Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA), chronology through seriation using several time-dependent attributes, and provenance.
Extracting Two-Zone Model Parameters for Centrifugal Compressor Design

The two-zone model for the design and flow analysis for centrifugal compressor impellers, based on the observation of the jet-wake exit flow pattern, was initialized in 1980’s to avoid modeling each individual loss. The two-zone model introduced four model parameters, diffusion ratio MR2, secondary mass fraction Msec_M, and deviations for the primary and secondary zones, δp and δs. This paper aims at developing a methodology to extract values for the model parameters from CFD and test data. Four methods have been developed or assessed in this paper. The first method identifies the primary zone on the exit plane by setting a meridional velocity threshold; the regions with the meridional velocity higher than the pre-set value are the primary zone. We came to the conclusion this method is not consistent with the two-zone model. The other three methods deal with the selection of multiple solutions to the two-zone model parameters by introducing different assumptions to meet the impeller efficiency and total-to-total pressure ratio exactly. The last one, reduced model, is recommended. It sets the secondary deviation to 0 and decrements the primary static pressure from the exit total pressure until the second unique solution is reached. The impeller performance map indicates that this solution has the second highest diffusion ratio, and the primary deviation and secondary mass fraction are the second highest too. An example design shows that the diffusion ratio can be affected by the blade profiling, and the impeller performance can be referred from the primary deviation and secondary mass fraction when the diffusion ratios are similar for different designs.Copyright © 2010 by ASME