cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of thiosulphate on haemocyanin oxygen affinity in the isopod Saduria entomon (L.) and the brown shrimp Crangon crangon (L.)

The sulphide-tolerant brackish water isopod Saduria entomon has haemocyanin with a high affinity for oxygen. Sulphide is oxidized in the hepatopancreas to thiosulphate. Oxygen needed for this oxidation is transported bound to haemocyanin. Thiosulphate was found to improve haemocyanin oxygen affinity in S. entomon. The modulating effect was time and concentration dependent. The effect was greater at higher pH, i.e. the Bohr effect was greater (−1.82) compared to that seen without thiosulphate (−1.36). S. entomon exposed to simultaneous severe hypoxia and sulphide had a low haemolymph pH and the partial pressure of oxygen required to reach 50% saturation was even lower than that measured in vitro. This is ascribed to the combined effects of thiosulphate and lactate as well as unknown co-factors. Thiosulphate had no effect at all in the sulphide and hypoxia non-tolerant natantian Crangon crangon. It is suggested that thiosulphate can be important as a haemocyanin modulator for crustaceans digging in sulphide-rich sediments or constantly exposed to sulphide.
Resistivity Minima in Y-Stabilized ß-Ce Alloys Impurity Effects

Minima in the resistivity—temperature curves for the d.h.c.p. alloy Ce16 at%Y were induced by the addition of 5 or 10 at% of Sc, Lu, or Pu. The minima presumably result from an enhancement of the Kondo-type scattering thought to exist in Y-stabilized β-Ce alloys but which at the 16 at%Y concentration, in the binary alloys, is apparently not strong enough to produce a resistivity minimum. The enhancement of the scattering caused by the addition of impurities is interpreted as being due to 1) a decrease in the overall Ce concentration in the alloy and 2) an impurity-induced increase in the effective internal pressure on the Ce atoms in the alloy. Minima in den Widerstands-Temperaturkurven der Legierung Ce16 At%Y mit doppelt hexagonal dichtester Kugelpackung wurden durch Beimengungen von 5 oder 10 At% Sc, Lu oder Pu bewirkt. Diese Minima werden vermutlich durch eine Verstarkung der Kondo-Streuung verursacht, die — wie man annimmt — in Y-stabilisierten β-Ce-Legierungen auftritt, aber in den binaren Legierungen mit 16 At%Y offensichtlich nicht stark genug ist, um ein Widerstandsminimum zu erzeugen. Die Streuungsverstarkung, die durch die Hinzufugung von Verunreinigungen verursacht wird, wird 1. mit einer allgemeinen Erniedrigung der Ce-Konzentration in der Legierung und 2. mit einer durch Verunreinigungen verursachten Erhohung des effektiven inneren Druckes auf die Ce-Atome der Legierung erklart.
Memoryless self-reinforcing directionality in endosomal active transport within living cells

A general memoryless molecular mechanism explains the self-organization of Brownian-like steps into truncated Levy walks in the classic system of intracellular trafficking.
Object isolation using a pulse-coupled neural network

Object isolation in an image is an iterative process in which the target gradually fade. The intent of this design is to be more robust to noise, object alterations, and clutter than traditional filters. This iterative process can be performed by a non-linear shunting pulse-coupled neural network (PCNN). The input scene is modified by the filtered pulse response of the PCNN. Within several iterations the target is enhanced and the non-targets are degraded to such a degree that the target is completely dominant in the input. The segmented pulse response of the PCNN allows for a unique approach to this system.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of Light Intensity and Source on Tom Reproduction

Abstract Two sources of light and two light intensities were applied to 72 Large White toms housed in 12 pens from 28 weeks of age through six months of semen production (June – November). Treatments were (1) natural light supplemented with 5.3 lux, (2) natural light supplemented with 43 lux, (3) artificial light at 5.3 lux, and (4) artificial light at 43 lux. All light treatments provided 14 hours of light in a 24-hour day. Pooled semen from each torn pen was used to inseminate replicate pens of hens every two weeks. Light treatments had no significant effect on percent fertility, hatch of fertile eggs, or hatch of all eggs set. Toms subjected to artificial light as the only source produced significantly more semen than toms exposed to natural light (maximum intensity 2700 lux) supplemented with artificial light. There were no significant interactions between light source and intensity as to sperm concentration or sperm per ejaculate.
Enhancement of a Lewis Acid−Base Interaction via Solvation: Ammonia Molecules and the Benzene Radical Cation

The interaction between ammonia and the benzene radical cation has been investigated by gas-phase studies of mass selected ion clusters {C(6)H(6)-(NH(3))(n=0-8)}(+) via tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry and through calculations. Experiments show a special stability for the cluster ion that contains four ammonias: {C(6)H(6)(NH(3))(4)}(+). Calculations provide evidence that the first ammonia forms a weak dative bond to the cyclohexadienyl radical cation, {C(6)H(6)-NH(3)}(+), where there is a transfer of electrons from ammonia to benzene. Additional solvating ammonia molecules form stabilizing hydrogen bonds to the ring-bound ammonia {C(6)H(6)-NH(3)}(+).(NH(3))(n), which cause cooperative changes in the structure of the cluster complex. Free ammonia is a weak hydrogen bond donor, but electron transfer from NH(3) to the benzene ring that strengthens the dative bond will increase the hydrogen acidity and the strength of the cluster hydrogen bonds to the added ammonia. A progressive "tightening" of this dative bond is observed upon addition of the first, second, and third ammonia to give a cluster stabilized by three N-(+)H x N hydrogen bonds. This shows that the energetic cost of tightening the dative bond is recovered with dividends in the formation of stable cluster hydrogen bonds.
Heat transfer and hydrodynamic investigations conducted in a bubble column with powders of small particles and a viscous liquid

Three heat transfer probes (external diameter 19.0, 31.8 and 50.8 mm) axially located in a 0.108 m internal diameter bubble column were used to measure nitrogen-Therminol-magnetite system. Magnetite powders of three mean diameters (22.7, 36.6 and 45.5 μm) were used in slurry concentration, particle s coefficient increases with nitrogen velocity and slurry concentration, is independent of mean powder particle diameter, and decreases with increasing p overpredicted by available correlations, and the drift-flux theory with an adjustable parameter provided a satisfactory approach to correlate the data. approximately correlated by the model of Deckwer et al. and were poorly reproduced by other available correlations. An empirical correlation is pro the context of similar data involving micrometer range powder sizes, and less viscous liquids with powders of comparable sizes.
Evidence of direct nociceptive projections from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and telencephalon

Abstract Many nociceptive neurons in the spinal cord of rats project directly to the hypothalamus. The axons of these neurons cross into the contralateral spinal cord and ascend through the posterior thalamus before entering the contralateral hypothalamus. The majority of these axons decussate again in the posterior optic chiasm, enter the ipsilateral hypothalamus, turn posteriorly and descend into the ipsilateral thalamus, midbrain, and in some cases, pons and even medulla before terminating. A smaller number of spinal neurons project directly to several telencephalic areas including the amygdala, nucleus accumbens, septal nuclei and the frontal cortex. Each of these direct projections to the hypothalamus and telencephalon may contribute to nociception.
Soritic thinking, vagueness, and weakness of will

Abstract Soritic thinking based on reasoning that is involved in the sorites paradox plays a crucial role in some forms of weakness of will. Such soritic reasoning leads to failures of behavior, but cannot be shown to be irrational by standard means. Thus weakness of will appears to be rational, whereas strength of will is irrational when viewed soritically. The puzzle is how to undermine weakness of will and expose it as irrational. Even though such weakness of will is not moral, moral-type reasoning involving the principle of equality can be brought to bear. Weakness of will can also be seen to be analogous to free-rider problems and the prisoner's dilemma.
2D-string Theory of Biomolecular Bundle Space

The Biomolecular Bundle Space is presented as a topological space with a finite group structure of size 36, DOGU. The helical patterns of 2D-strings replace vibrational patterns of 1D-strings. Possible configurations of these helical patterns form 9 distinct polyhedra, from tetrahedron to icosahedron, and the fundamental element is a pair of equilateral triangles forming the diamond simplex. These polyhedra are distributed over the 3D-branes reflecting the DOGU group structure. The two-sheet 3D-branes are a torus for the sheet having the symmetric diamond simplex, and a Klein bottle for that having the asymmetric diamond simplex. The torus brane represents the backbone structure of the nucleic acids, DNA, RNAs and the Klein bottle brane that of proteins. We present the fundamental elements of the bundle space B and its projection p to the corresponding base space X. The base space has, as a translational symmetry, congruence (mod 6). The transcription code (Genetic Tableau) is directed by the Transcription Shuttle tetrahedron, the translation code (tRNA+rRNA) by the Translation Key truncated tetrahedron, and the Rene Thom Cobordism code (Protein Space) by the entire set of 9 distinct polyhedra of the biomolecular bundle space. The relative rotational energies of the polyhedral elements of the DOGU group are calculated by the organizing centers of the Rene Thom's catastrophes. This classification provides a unified approach to analyze the relationships within the bundle space.
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Neonates With Congenital Cardiovascular Disease

Most cardiac diseases in the newborn are caused by structural abnormalities developed in utero. With few exceptions, palliative and definitive treatments require cardiac surgery. The diagnosis and management decisions regarding uncomplicated lesions, such as atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and tetralogy of Fallot, can be accomplished by echocardiography alone. Abnormalities beyond the sonographic window, complex 3-dimensional lesions, and detailed functional information require additional imaging. In the past, this was fulfilled by catheter angiography, but today much of the information can be obtained from noninvasive computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance imaging. This article discusses the design and application of these imaging techniques to the newborn, with emphasis on safety, efficacy, and image quality. Understanding the capabilities and limitations of these techniques is crucial for making rational choices among imaging options based on sound risk and benefit considerations. Important examples of congenital heart lesions have been illustrated with 3-dimensional reconstruction from computed tomography and magnetic resonance images.
A Systems Approach to Organization Development

Organization development (OD) efforts are often exclusively oriented to one method, one set of theoretical concepts, or one organizational variable. An input-process-output model of an organization was used as a framework for planned change." The program dealt with many organizational dimensions and used several intervention strategies and OD technologies. The effort resulted in substantial changes in organizational inputs, processes, and outputs. A number of findings about organization development have emerged from this OD experience and include the following: (1) OD efforts must not always start at the top; (2) the organization itself is the best laboratory for learning; (3) structural and interpersonal changes must complement and reinforce each other; (4) adult learning starts with behavioral change rather than cognitive change; and (5) the selection of change leaders as initial targets for the change program is a useful OD strategy.
Heightened vagal activity during high-calorie food presentation in obese compared with non-obese individuals--results of a pilot study.

Summary Eating behaviours are highly cue-dependent. Changes in mood states and exposure to palatable food both increase craving and consumption of food. Vagal activity supports adaptive modulation of physiological arousal and has an important role in cue-induced appetitive behaviours. Using high-frequency heart rate variability (HF HRV), this preliminary study compared vagal activity during positive and negative mood induction, and presentation of preferred high-calorie food items between obese ( n =12; BMI≥30) and non-obese individuals ( n =14; 18.5
Interprocedural alias analysis: implementation and empirical results

We report our experiences with the implementation of InterProcedural Alias Analysis (IPA) for Fortran. Implicit aliasing caused by reference parameter passing can be uncovered in a program with multiple compilation units by interprocedural analysis. For scalar objects and for full arrays, the IPA processor described here finds all alias relations. For indexed array elements and partial arrays, conservative assumptions must still be made in the absence of precise knowledge about the subscripts. IPA has been integrated into nascent, the front-end of a Fortran translator under development at the Oregon Graduate Institute (OGI). This report explains the goals and limitations of alias analysis for conventional procedural languages with reference parameters, shows in detail the actual design and implementation of IPA, and provides algorithmic and speed improvements over the best previously known aliasing algorithms. Empirical results gathered during the analysis of large Fortran programs are also listed and discussed.
Characterization of mixtures of dipeptides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

Abstract The gas chromatographic and mass spectrometric behavior of over 120 different dipeptides has been investigated. The dipeptides were analyzed as their N,O-perfluoropropionyl methyl ester derivatives by combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of the dipeptides were obtained using both electron impact and chemical ionization. Gas chromatographic retention times were obtained for each of the dipeptides studied and utilized for the prediction of the retention times for most of the 400 common dipeptides. These techniques enable the unambiguous identification of dipeptides in mixtures.
Dot-blot analysis of the degree of covalent modification of proteins and antibodies at amino groups

The present study describes a rapid and sensitive dot-blot assay approach for determining the degree of covalent modification of amino groups in proteins. N-hydroxy-succinimide ester of acetic acid was used for irreversible, covalent modification of proteins whose reactive primary amino groups were reversibly blocked (or protected) with 2,3-dimethyl-maleic anhydride prior to processing. Immobilon AV affinity membrane was utilized for differential covalent attachment of the proteins to the activated ester on the membrane matrix, primarily through their protected epsilon-amino group of lysins. The efficacy of the method was demonstrated for a murine monoclonal antibody and for two human plasma proteins. The degree of covalent modification of proteins at their amino groups as estimated by the proposed method is compared with that obtained by using the conventional trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) method. Several advantages of the present method over the TNBS method are emphasized. The new method, which requires only nanograms of protein, is shown to be more sensitive than the TNBS method where the limit of detection is in the milligram range. The proposed assay is very specific and facile, and the advantage of small sample size requirement (1 microliter) provides sequential detection of multiple samples facilitating much higher precision in data obtained than that of the TNBS assay.
Weight loss with meal replacement and meal replacement plus snacks: a randomized trial

To evaluate whether snacking would improve weight loss and weight maintenance in overweight individuals within the context of a structured meal replacement (MR) weight loss program. A prospective 24 week, 2 (snacking vs nonsnacking) × 2 (MR vs meal replacement augmented with snacks (MRPS)) randomized trial. Participants were instructed to limit their total daily intake to 1200 (women) or 1500 (men) kcals. Those receiving the MR program were instructed not to snack while those in the MRPS program were told to snack three times per day. A total of 100 participants were block-randomized, based on prestudy snacking status (high vs low), to receive a standard meal replacement program (MR) or MRPS. Weight, height, blood pressure, lipid fractions, glucose, and insulin were assessed at the baseline, 12-, and 24 weeks. Completers analysis at 24 weeks demonstrated a significant time effect (F(1,46)=44.6, P<0.001), indicating that all participants lost significant amounts of weight regardless of group assignment. An intention-to-treat model resulted in similar results. By week 24, the average weight loss across groups was 4.6 kg. There also were significant improvements across all groups among completers for systolic blood pressure (P=0.047), cholesterol (P=0.001), LDL (P=0.001), glucose (P=0.004), and insulin (P=0.001) at week 12, and glucose (P=0.001) and insulin at week 24 (P=0.003). Our results suggest that a participant's preferences for snacking did not affect their response to treatment. Snackers and nonsnackers responded equally well whether they received a standard meal replacement program or one augmented with snacks.
A note on linear empirical Bayes estimation of finite population means

Abstract In this paper we consider linear empirical Bayes estimation of m finite population means with nj observations from the jth population and obtain generalizations of some of the theorems of Ghosh and Lahiri (J. Amer. Statist. Assoc. 82 (1987) 1153) to the case where nj's are not necessarily bounded and may change with m. Our results strengthen, among other things, the estimators of Ghosh and Lahiri (1987) by showing asymptotical optimality of their estimators under more general conditions. They have also useful applications in credibility theory, which considers a similar problem with m populations that are not necessarily finite.
A tool to coordinate tools

An expert-system planner is presented to automate the clerical and routine activities associated with software development using present-day environments such as Unix. The three functions of such a planner-coordination of tools, integration of tools, and representation of objects-are examined. The planner is described from both the user's and the designer's viewpoint. The functionality provided by this planner is compared with that provided by standard environments. >
Measuring and Managing Returns from Retailer-Customized Coupon Campaigns

Abstract The authors assess how and why retailer-customized coupon campaigns affect customer purchases. The conceptual model proposes effects on trip incidence and revenues through the mere exposure to campaigns (exposure effect) and the redemption of coupons (redemption effect). The authors propose monetary savings of the coupons, regularity of the campaigns, and coupon fit with customer preferences as moderators. Analysis of data from a group of regional grocery chains that were part of a quasi experiment demonstrates that retailer-customized coupon campaigns have a positive exposure and redemption effect on customer purchases. Mere exposure to customized coupon campaigns contributes more than coupon redemption to campaign returns. Consistent with theoretical expectations, customized coupon campaigns are more effective if they provide more discounts, are unexpected, and are positioned as specially selected for and customized to consumer preferences. The substantial exposure effects suggest that managers...
John Ponet in Exile: a Ponet Letter to John Bale

Though the political ideas of JohnPonet, Edwardian bishop and Marian exile, continue to attract interest, the facts of Ponet's life and, especially, of his activities during his years of exile have excited no high degree of scholarly attention since the works of Christina Garrett and Winthrop S. Hudson. Yet one piece of evidence, unknown to both Garrett and Hudson, exists that tells us a few important things about his attitude toward and, particularly, his involvement in, the propaganda and polemical activities of Protestant exiles under Mary. The evidence in question is a letter from Ponet in Strasbourg to John Bale ‘at Frankfurt’; and since this document has appeared to date only in excerpts, it will be well to begin by offering a complete transcription of it.
The ‘4-Poster’ Passive Topical Treatment Device to Apply Acaricide for Controlling Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) Feeding on White-Tailed Deer

A '4-poster' device that attracts white-tailed deer to a bait source, and as they feed, allows a self-application of a pesticide to the head, ears, and neck to control ticks was designed, constructed, and tested. The device consists of a central bin containing bait to attract deer and two feeding and application stations. These stations each have one bait port and two vertical pesticide-impregnated applicator rollers. This design allows unrestricted vertical retraction of the head to minimize injury to the deer or damage to the posts supporting the pesticide application rollers. Observations using deer demonstrated ready acceptance and repeated use by both antlered and antlerless deer. Results of an initial trial indicate that control values for lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.), exceeded 92-97% on deer that used the device regularly.
PRESENCE AND DIVERSITY OF ALGAL TOXINS IN SUBTROPICAL PEATLAND PERIPHYTON: THE FLORIDA EVERGLADES, USA1

Production of toxic secondary metabolites by cyanobacteria, collectively referred to as cyanotoxins, has been well described for eutrophied water bodies around the world. However, cohesive cyanobacterial mats also comprise a significant amount of biomass in subtropical oligotrophic wetlands. As these habitats generally do not support much secondary production, cyanotoxins, coupled with other physiological attributes of cyanobacteria, may be contributing to the minimized consumer biomass. Periphyton from the Florida Everglades has a diverse and abundant cyanobacterial assemblage whose species produce toxic metabolites; therefore, by screening periphyton representative of the greater Everglades ecosystem, six different cyanotoxins and one toxin (domoic acid) produced by diatoms were identified, ranging in content from 3 × 10−9 to 1.3 × 10−6 (g · g−1), with saxitoxin, microcystin, and anatoxin-a being the most common. While content of toxins were generally low, when coupled with the tremendous periphyton biomass (3–3,000 g · m−2), a significant amount of cyanotoxins may be present. While the direct effects of the toxins identified here on the local grazing community need to be determined, the screening process utilized proved effective in showing the broad potential of periphyton to produce a variety of toxins.
Dietary Potassium Intake and Risk of Stroke in US Men and Women: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey I Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study

Background and Purpose—The few prospective studies that have explored the association between dietary intake of potassium and risk of stroke have reported inconsistent findings. This study examines the relationship between dietary potassium intake and the risk of stroke in a representative sample of the US general population. Methods—Study participants included 9805 US men and women who participated in the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) Epidemiologic Follow-Up Study. Dietary potassium and total energy intake were estimated at baseline by using a 24-hour dietary recall. Incidence data for stroke and coronary heart disease were obtained from medical records and death certificates. Results—Over an average of 19 years of follow up, 927 stroke events and 1847 coronary heart disease events were documented. Overall, stroke hazard was significantly different among quartiles of potassium intake (likelihood ratio P=0.03); however, a test of linear trend across quartiles did not re...
Developmental insights into the origin of complex colonial hydrozoans.

SYNOPSIS. Colonial hydrozoans represent some of the most diverse and complex body plans within the Metazoa. Complex hydrozoans colonies are more physiologically and structurally integrated than their simple colonial relatives. Colonial integration is commonly associated with the regulation of the general structural plan of the colony, the division of labor, and the physiological integration of the colony. In the hydrozoan Hydractinia, these features are manifested through evolutionary innovations involving the spatial regulation of polyps within the colony, the development of polyp polymorphs, and the acquisition of a stolonal mat. These innovations all involve evolutionary changes in the regulation of polyp and colony-wide patterning systems. In Hydractinia, the ParaHox gene, Cnox-2, is expressed in a spatially restricted manner along the axes of stolons and polyps, suggesting that changes in the regulation of this gene may be in part responsible for the evolutionary innovations important for colonial complexity.
Update exchange with mappings and provenance

We consider systems for data sharing among heterogeneous peers related by a network of schema mappings. Each peer has a locally controlled and edited database instance, but wants to ask queries over related data from other peers as well. To achieve this, every peer's updates propagate along the mappings to the other peers. However, this update exchange is filtered by trust conditions --- expressing what data and sources a peer judges to be authoritative --- which may cause a peer to reject another's updates. In order to support such filtering, updates carry provenance information. These systems target scientific data sharing applications, and their general principles and architecture have been described in [20]. In this paper we present methods for realizing such systems. Specifically, we extend techniques from data integration, data exchange, and incremental view maintenance to propagate updates along mappings; we integrate a novel model for tracking data provenance, such that curators may filter updates based on trust conditions over this provenance; we discuss strategies for implementing our techniques in conjunction with an RDBMS; and we experimentally demonstrate the viability of our techniques in the ORCHESTRA prototype system.
Performance analysis of Java concurrent programming: a case study of video mining system

As multi/many core processors become prevalent, programming language is important in constructing efficient parallel applications. In this work, we build a multithreaded video mining application with Java, examine the thread profiling information and micro-architecture metrics to identify the factors limiting the scalability, and employ a number of ways to improve performance. Besides, we conduct some thread scheduling experiments. According to the experiments and detailed analysis, we conclude that for this video mining application: (1) Java is a good parallel language candidate for many core processors in terms of performance, scalability, and ease of programming; (2) Thread affinity mechanism is effective in improving data locality, but brings little benefit to multithreaded Java application due to its conservative memory model in JVM.
Factors Affecting Capital Structure Decisions

To gain insight into the factors affecting capital structure choice, responses from a Fortune 500 survey are analyzed using factor analysis and cluster analysis. Factor analysis uncovers nine factors explaining 66.7 percent of the variation in the responses. The factor loadings indicate that tax implications, management's desire for flexibility, and market concerns affect capital structure decisions. Perhaps as a result of the type of firms examined in the survey, little indication is provided on the importance of agency costs, signalling, or asymmetric information. Cluster analysis identified two distinct categories of firms. By looking at the mean responses to the survey questions of these two groups, additional insight is gained into the influences affecting capital structure decisions.
Facilitating Supervisee Cultural Fluency for a Multicultural Society

Abstract Multiculturalism has been, and will only continue to become more of a fact in our society and professional practice. Because of this, supervisors have both a practical reason and ethical r...
A Collaborative System for Software Engineering Education

We propose a web-based collaborative education system (named BRIDGE) that promotes the use of high-quality, open-source code examples as educational materials to connect theories and practices of software engineering and computer science. BRIDGE promotes an innovative approach to answer the educational challenges in software engineering. It is comprised of three integrated subsystems: a code annotation system that provides an effective way to share the understanding of open- source code examples; a collaborative educational material creation system that helps build educational modules capable of connecting theories with real- world examples; and a collaborative course management system that allows educators to construct innovative courses based on the educational modules. BRIDGE encourages participation and collaborative knowledge sharing of software engineering professionals, educators, and students. BRIDGE is driven by this participation. The system will help students learn both technical knowledge and nontechnical skills highly desired in modern software engineering practices.
Improving multiresolution topology optimization via multiple discretizations

SUMMARY Unlike the traditional topology optimization approach that uses the same discretization for finite element analysis and design optimization, this paper proposes a framework for improving multiresolution topology optimization (iMTOP) via multiple distinct discretizations for: (1) finite elements; (2) design variables; and (3) density. This approach leads to high fidelity resolution with a relatively low computational cost. In addition, an adaptive multiresolution topology optimization (AMTOP) procedure is introduced, which consists of selective adjustment and refinement of design variable and density fields. Various two-dimensional and three-dimensional numerical examples demonstrate that the proposed schemes can significantly reduce computational cost in comparison to the existing element-based approach. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Scabies and pyodermas – diagnosis and treatment

Scabies and pyodermas are two of the commonest skin infections in tropical settings. They affect large numbers of people, particularly children, and account for a large burden of disease for peripheral health care teams. Despite this there have been significant advances in our knowledge of these diseases, their impact and their management. However there is a need to evaluate these developments in this specific setting, tropical health and in the context of communities with limited resources. This section will describe these advances and the challenges that remain.
In vivo treatment with endotoxin induces nitric oxide synthase in rat main pulmonary artery

Our aim was to demonstrate increased NO activity from inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in pulmonary arteries (PA) from rats treated with endotoxin [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 20 mg/kg ip]. LPS treatment...
Programs, Policies, and Problems in School Health Service

(1939). Programs, Policies, and Problems in School Health Service. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 574-606.
Wildlife Pathology Studies and How They Can Inform Public Health

Emerging zoonoses have had a serious impact on human and animal health in recent decades. More often than not, these disease outbreaks have taken public health by surprise because we have failed to shift the epidemiological curve to the far left and detect zoonoses in animal populations prior to spillover to people. Not only can animals serve as valuable sentinels for emerging zoonoses but also much can be gained by the study of the animals themselves.
Das New Beetle Cabriolet

Mit dem New Beetle Cabriolet fuhrt Volkswagen seine Tradition viersitziger Open-Air-Bestseller fort. Der Automobilhersteller zeigt mit diesem vollwertigen Viersitzer und seinem ganzjahrestauglichen Verdeck, einem bei Gefahr automatisch ausfahrenden Uberschlagschutz und der reichhaltigen Innenausstattung, wie Sicherheit, Funktionalitat und Alltagstauglichkeit in einem lifestyle-orientierten Fahrzeug miteinander kombiniert werden konnen. Als Motorisierungen sind drei Ottomotoren und ein TDI-Motor vorgesehen. Mit dem Sechsgang-Tiptronic-Automatikgetriebe wird das erste Sechsgang-Front-Quer-Getriebe seiner Klasse angeboten.
Cytological identification of native and irradiated released screwworm flies in trap catches.

Field studies involving trapping of native and factory-reared irradiated insects usually require separation of the 2 types. Marking prior to release is often costly in large programs. sometimes detrimental to the released insects, and not totally reliable. A cytological method was devised for distinguishing between native and irradiated released males of Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel) captured in field traps. The method is accurate, rapid, and simple enough to be used in field laboratories.
Influence of Bile Salts on the Nervous System Following Intraspinal Usage.

SummarySodium desoxycholate can be introduced in minute doses in aqueous solution intraspinally in the lumbar region in cats without untoward effects or injury to the cord. Larger doses produce motor and sensory disturbances, and even .death from respiratory paralysis. Traumatized spinal cord tissue is highly susceptible to the toxic action of even minute doses of bile salt in alcoholic solution although apparently resistant to the same doses in aqueous solution. Spinal fluid protein and cord tissue reduce the hemolytic action of bile salt.
The impact of primacy/recency effects and hazard monitoring on attributions of other drivers

The present study examined the impact of Primacy/Recency Effects and Hazard Monitoring on driver attributions. Participants viewed a simulated near collision from the perspective of a trailing motorist. The amount of error free driving prior to the near collision varied between two groups, where the near incident occurred either early or later in their viewing experience. They were then given the opportunity to provide judgments of the offending driver based on how safe, dangerous, risky, and skilled the driver was in general, and to evaluate their overall performance. Results showed a Primacy Effect dominance in that judgments of the driver were most negative in the early group, but this was moderated by high Hazard Monitoring for ratings of “dangerous” and “safe”. This suggests that judgments of other drivers are likely to be quick and based on early information, but are impacted by personal factors such as a tendency to monitor for hazards.
Pour une histoire à l’imparfait du présent : La Dernière Catastrophe d’Henry Rousso:

Cet article prend La Derniere Catastrophe : l’histoire, le present, le contemporain de l’historien francais Henry Rousso comme point de depart pour un essai sur le role de l’historien et la fonction de l’histoire dans le contexte de ce vingt-et-unieme siecle naissant. Ecrite par necessite dans une epoque encore et toujours secouee par les soubresauts et cataclysmes – c’est-a-dire les catastrophes, justement – du siecle dernier, l’histoire contemporaine se caracterise par une double « imperfection » : l’inachevement des evenements etudies et l’implication de l’historien dans l’objet de son etude. Si cette imperfection resulte d’evolutions culturelles relativement recentes (de la fin XIXeme siecle), le metier de l’historien du temps present et la vocation de ses analyses et recits s’inspirent toujours de principes formules des la naissance de la discipline dans la Grece antique et reaffirmes tout le long de son evolution selon les inflexions imposees par les evenements et les contextes intellectuels. Or les...
Application of flood analysis result of Three Gorges reservoir in reservoir operation

The eigenvalue of the Three Gorges reservoir flood,figured out from statistics analysis of the storm flood characteristics and flood classification of Three Gorges reservoir water basin,can be used in the reservoir operation(during cofferdam power generation period).
Free Graft Patch 1-Stage Procedure to Repair Penile Hypospadias Unsuitable for the Flip-Flap Procedure: Indications and Experience

AbstractFrom January 1983 to December 1985, 14 procedures were performed in which a free graft of skin from either the foreskin or elsewhere was substituted for the flipped flap in the repair of hypospadias. This obviates the problem of thin skin below the urethral meatus, since a flipped flap in such a case will result in devascularization of the flap. Moderate chordee was not necessarily a contraindication to the use of this procedure, provided the chordee could be corrected without moving the meatus proximally. Cosmetic and functional results have been good, and there was only 1 urethral fistula. Nevertheless, because of the need for a scrotal flap of fat to prevent fistula formation and to ensure vascularization of the graft, and because of the availability of a vascularized flap from the foreskin in most cases, the free graft patch procedure is best reserved for cases in which the foreskin is either absent or deficient.
From Australopithecus to Homo: the transition that wasn't.

Although the transition from Australopithecus to Homo is usually thought of as a momentous transformation, the fossil record bearing on the origin and earliest evolution of Homo is virtually undocu...
Compressibility of perfused passive myocardium

In most theoretical analyses of the heart, the tissue has been assumed to be incompressible. Because the myocardium is extensively perfused with distensible vessels, increasing the stiffness of the surrounding tissue, as with contraction or passive stretching, should decrease the volume of fluid in these vessels. Using a digital subtraction angiographic method, we quantified the amount of vascular volume extruded from six passive, perfused canine interventricular septa during cyclic biaxial loading from 300 to 900 g force. At pressures from 0 to 120 mmHg the amount of fluid extruded during a loading cycle varied from 2 to 4 ml/100 g tissue at 0 and 120 mmHg, respectively. This volume change increased with perfusion pressure and was significantly greater at 120 than at 0, 30, or 60 mmHg. The amount of fluid extruded was on the same order as that estimated during active contraction or with a 60-mmHg change in perfusion pressure. The finding that perfused myocardium is compressible implies that results from existing analyses of the heart assuming incompressibility are not realistic. Such analyses must account for compressibility with, e.g., mixture theory or other similar approaches.
Age-related Cardiovascular Changes and Diseases

Abstract Cardiovascular diseases are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the elderly. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, particularly of the coronary arteries, is the leading cause of death in elderly men and women. As we age, cardiac structures undergo progressive fibrosis and/or calcification and degeneration causing dysfunction of the involved structures. In the valves, depending on the gross abnormality, this results in stenosis and/or or regurgitation. Acquired aortic stenosis is the most common valve disease in the elderly. In the myocardium, fibrosis due to a variety of disorders causes dysfunction and arrhythmias. In the conduction system, fibrosis and fatty infiltration lead to conduction abnormalities that can be fatal or require pacemakers. Primary cardiomyopathies usually present at younger ages, but dilated and hypertrophic forms, as well at the takatsubo form, do affect the elderly. The secondary cardiomyopathy of amyloidosis is common in the very elderly and an important cause of death.
Dynamics of Electron Recombination and Transport in Water- Splitting Dye-Sensitized Photoanodes

Water-splitting dye-sensitized photoelectrochemical cells (WS-DSPECs) use visible light to split water using molecular sensitizers and water oxidation catalysts codeposited onto mesoporous TiO2 electrodes. Despite a high quantum yield of charge injection and low requirement for the catalytic turnover rate, the quantum yield of water splitting in WS-DSPECs is typically low (<1%). Here we examine the charge separation and recombination processes in WS-DSPECs photoanodes functionalized with varying amounts of IrO2 nanoparticle catalyst. Charge extraction and transient open-circuit voltage decay measurements provide insight into the relationship between light intensity, conduction band electron density, open-circuit photovoltage, and recombination time scale. We correlate these results with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and present the first complete equivalent circuit model for a WS-DSPEC. The data show quantitatively that recombination of photoinjected electrons with oxidized sensitizer molecules a...
Construction of characterization theorems

A method for the construction of certain characterization theorems is given. This method is restricted to characterizations by constant regression
Bone Microarchitecture in Adolescent Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract Background Boys with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have lower areal bone mineral density (aBMD) than typically developing controls (TDC). Studies of volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone microarchitecture provide information about fracture risk beyond that provided by aBMD but are currently lacking in ASD. Objectives To assess ultradistal radius and distal tibia vBMD, bone microarchitecture and strength estimates in adolescent boys with ASD compared to TDC. Design/methods Cross-sectional study of 34 boys (16 ASD, 18 TDC) that assessed (i) aBMD at the whole body (WB), WB less head (WBLH), hip and spine using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), (ii) vBMD and bone microarchitecture at the ultradistal radius and distal tibia using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HRpQCT), and (iii) bone strength estimates (stiffness and failure load) using micro-finite element analysis (FEA). We controlled for age in all groupwise comparisons of HRpQCT and FEA measures. Activity questionnaires, food records, physical exam, and fasting levels of 25(OH) vitamin D and bone markers (C-terminal collagen crosslinks and N-terminal telopeptide (CTX and NTX) for bone resorption, N-terminal propeptide of Type 1 procollagen (P1NP) for bone formation) were obtained. Results ASD participants were slightly younger than TDC participants (13.6 vs. 14.2 years, p = 0.44). Tanner stage, height Z-scores and fasting serum bone marker levels did not differ between groups. ASD participants had higher BMI Z-scores, percent body fat, IGF-1 Z-scores, and lower lean mass and aBMD Z-scores than TDC at the WB, WBLH, and femoral neck (P Conclusion Bone microarchitectural parameters are impaired in ASD, with reductions in bone strength estimates (stiffness and failure load) at the ultradistal radius and distal tibia. This may result from lower physical activity and calcium intake, and decreased IGF-1 responsiveness.
The Diffusion of Military Technology

The impact of national defense research and development spending on overall innovation depends on the extent to which the knowledge and technologies generated by defense funding diffuse. This artic...
Enzyme-Based Logic Gates and Networks with Output Signals Analyzed by Various Methods

The paper overviews various methods that are used for the analysis of output signals generated by enzyme-based logic systems. The considered methods include optical techniques (optical absorbance, fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance), electrochemical techniques (cyclic voltammetry, potentiometry, impedance spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, use of field effect transistor devices, pH measurements), and various mechanoelectronic methods (using atomic force microscope, quartz crystal microbalance). Although each of the methods is well known for various bioanalytical applications, their use in combination with the biomolecular logic systems is rather new and sometimes not trivial. Many of the discussed methods have been combined with the use of signal-responsive materials to transduce and amplify biomolecular signals generated by the logic operations. Interfacing of biocomputing logic systems with electronics and "smart" signal-responsive materials allows logic operations be extended to actuation functions; for example, stimulating molecular release and switchable features of bioelectronic devices, such as biofuel cells. The purpose of this review article is to emphasize the broad variability of the bioanalytical systems applied for signal transduction in biocomputing processes. All bioanalytical systems discussed in the article are exemplified with specific logic gates and multi-gate networks realized with enzyme-based biocatalytic cascades.
Nonlinear Parameter Estimation of Convolved Excitation and Multiple Emission Response Functions

The purpose of the study reported in this chapter was to develop and compare different methods for the estimation of nonlinear parameters associated with response functions, which may be represented as a convolution of an excitation function with single or multiple emission function(s). Specifically, excited state lifetimes and the intensities of the corresponding luminescence were the parameters to be estimated from experimental data.
Battery management system using Arduino

Battery management systems can measure the performance of batteries. Most significantly, they can estimate expected run time under certain discharge conditions. The calculation is defined as the average current coming from the battery multiplied by the time it takes to reach a safe cutoff point of the battery. These two variables, average discharge current and duration, are directly proportional to each other. Using the average current and time multiplied together provides amp hour rating. An efficient and low cost way to measure these values is by using a microcontroller such as Arduino Nano [1]. The Arduino determines average discharge current and can record time to estimate the Ah rating of the battery. After some fine adjustment using designing methods, the system was obtaining acceptable values from discharging tests using a EFest IMR18650 2Ah Li-Mn battery. Using a standard battery datasheet, the proper shutoff voltage was determined to be 2.5V [2]. The test results were within our acceptable range on the printed battery Ah value. The voltages were then plotted in Matlab using a CSV file created by the serial monitor print out from the microcontroller.