cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of vitamin E deficiency on hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and oxidative metabolism in rats with chronic dietary iron overload.

Peroxidative decomposition of organelle membrane phospholipids with subsequent organelle dysfunction is a postulated mechanism of liver cell injury in parenchymal iron overload. We studied the effects of different α-tocopherol concentrations on hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation and oxidative metabolism in rats with chronic dietary iron overload. There was no evidence of mitochondrial lipid peroxidation (conjugated dienes) or alteration in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in α-tocopherol-deficient rats with normal hepatic iron levels. Significant reductions in mitochondrial respiratory control ratios and oxidative phosphorylation ratios were seen in association with increased conjugated dienes in all three groups of iron-loaded rats regardless of the α-tocopherol status (deficient, normal or excess); thus, the α-tocopherol deficiency associated with dietary iron overload in this experimental model is not responsible for the mitochondrial abnormalities observed. In addition, chronic parenteral administration of α-tocopherol to iron-loaded animals, which increased hepatic levels of this substance 3-fold, did not ameliorate the hepatic mitochondrial lipid peroxidation or the defects in mitochondrial oxidative metabolism resulting from iron overload.
WHITE-COLLAR WORK VALUES AND WOMEN'S INTEREST IN BLUE-COLLAR JOBS

Based on a case study of a large utility company, this article analyzes the effect of a preference for white-collar work on women's job decisions. The sample consists of a group of women who worked temporarily in traditionally male plant jobs in the company and a group of women who remained in white-collar jobs in the same firm. Results indicate that both groups did indeed value job attributes that are found principally in office jobs, such as clean conditions, the chance to socialize on the job, and working with similar people, but these preferences did not significantly influence whether they would consider switching to traditionally male plant jobs. Much more influential were practical considerations, such as economic need. Since many women–especially ones in economic need–would find such jobs desirable, an explanation that takes into account barriers to women's entry is necessary to understand the causes of women's low representation in traditionally male plant jobs.
Starting Transient of Solid-Propellant ocket Motors with High Internal Gas Velocities

A comprehensive analytical model which considers time and space development of the flow field in solid propellant rocket motors with high volumetric loading density is described. The gas dynamics in the motor chamber is governed by a set of hyperbolic partial differential equations, that are coupled with the ignition and flame spreading events, and with the axial variation of mass addition. The flame spreading rate is calculated by successive heating-to-ignition along the propellant surface. Experimental diagnostic studies have been performed with a rectangular window motor (50 cm grain length, 5 cm burning perimeter and 1 cm hydraulic port diameter), using a controllable head-end gaseous igniter. Tests were conducted with AP composite propellant at port-to-throat area ratios of 2.0, 1.5, 1.2, and 1.06, and head-end pressures from 35 to 70 atm. Calculated pressure transients and flame spreading rates are in very good agreement with those measured in the experimental system.
Identification, Evaluation, Therapy, and Follow-Up for Children with Vocal Nodules in a Public School Setting

This paper describes procedures used by speech and otorhinolaryngology specialists in the Independent School District of Carrollton and Farmers Branch, Texas, to identify, evaluate, treat, and follow up children with voice disorders and presents some initial findings resulting from the use of these procedures. In the identification process, 34 children were found to have vocal nodules, of which 31 children received treatment and underwent appropriate follow-up. After two months of voice therapy, 21 (68%) of the children exhibited reduced nodule size and seven (23%) exhibited normal larynges. Following six months of therapy, 26 (84%) children exhibited reduced nodule size, and 20 (65%) had normal larynges.
Intelligent Robots for Factory Automation

Industrial robots are now proven technology in a variety of applications including welding, materials handling, spray painting, machine loading and assembly. However, to fully realize the potential of these universal manipulators , "intelligence" needs to be added to the industrial robot. This involves adding sensory capability and machine intelligence to the controls. The "intelligence" may be added externally or as integral components of the robot. These new "intelligent robots" promise to greatly enhance the versatility of the robot for factory applications. The purpose of this paper is to present a brief review of the techniques and applications of intelligent robots for factory automation and to suggest possible designs for the intelligent robot of the future.
Antibody-mediated neutropenia following bone marrow transplantation

Unexpected neutropenia following allogeneic or autologous bone marrow transplantation may be caused by graft rejection, intrinsic stem cell failure, infection, graft-versus-host disease, relapse of the underlying neoplasm, or drug-induced myelosuppression. Over the past decade an increasing number of reports have documented that the differential diagnosis also includes antibody-mediated neutropenia, a syndrome distinct from conventional graft rejection. In constrast to many of the other common causes of unexpected post-transplant neutropenia, antibody-mediated neutropenia usually responds well to treatment with corticosteroids, plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, splenectomy, or other similar measures.
Temporal changes in integrin-mediated cardiomyocyte adhesion secondary to chronic cardiac volume overload in rats

Previous studies have established integrins as cell surface receptors that mediate cardiomyocyte-extracellular matrix (ECM) attachments. This study sought to determine the contributions of the myocardial β1- and β3-integrin subunits to ventricular dilatation and coronary flow regulation using a blood-perfused isolated heart preparation. Furthermore, cardiomyocyte adhesion to collagen types I and IV, fibronectin, and laminin with and without a β1-integrin subunit neutralizing antibody was assessed during the course of remodeling secondary to a sustained cardiac volume overload, including the onset of heart failure. Isolated cardiomyocytes were obtained during the initial, compensated, and decompensated phases of remodeling resulting from an aortocaval fistula created in 8-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Blocking the β1-integrin subunit in isolated normal hearts produced ventricular dilatation, whereas this was not the case when the β3-subunit was blocked. Substantial reductions in cardiomyocyte adhesion coincided with the previously documented development of ventricular dilatation and decreased contractility postfistula, with the β1-integrin contribution to adhesion ranging from 28% to 73% over the course of remodeling being essentially substrate independent. In contrast, both integrin subunits were found to be involved in regulating coronary vascular resistance. It is concluded that marked reductions in integrin-mediated cardiomyocyte adhesion to the ECM play a significant role in the progression of adverse myocardial remodeling that leads to heart failure. Furthermore, although both the β1- and β3-integrin subunits were involved in regulating coronary vascular resistance, only inhibition of β1-integrin-mediated adhesion resulted in ventricular dilatation of the normal heart.
Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous pullulan oligomers.

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations have been used to model small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data on aqueous solutions of four oligomeric segments of the glucan pullulan: the trimer G3 (comprising one polymer repeating unit), the hexamer (G3)2, the nonamer (G3)3, and the dodecamer (G3)4. The AMBER* force field was used in conjunction with the GB/SA continuum solvation model to calculate both the mean global dimensions of the oligomers from the limiting small angle scattering behavior and the shorter range structural information implicit in the Debye scattering function at larger scattering angles. This same force field and solvation treatment were employed earlier by Liu et al. (Macromolecules 1999, 32, 8611−8620) with apparent success in a rotational isomeric state (RIS) treatment of the same experimental data. The present work discloses that, despite numerical success in modeling the SAXS data, the RIS treatment, which includes only the interactions within dimeric segments of the polymer chain, fail...
Does the principle of optimality hold along collocation solutions

For Meyer type optimal control problems the principle of optimality states that every subarc of an optimal solution that extends to the final time furnishes again a solution to the same optimal control problem, only with different initial conditions. Through a simple counter example it is shown in this paper that this principle is not satisfied, in general, for solutions obtained from a standard collocation approach. Introduction The principle of optimality [1] is one of the most intuitive and yet most fundamental theorems in the theory of optimal control. Its basic statement is that for Meyer type optimal control problems every subarc of an optimal solution that extends to the final time furnishes again a solution to the same optimal control problem, only with different initial conditions. This theorem has significant implications. For example, it is the starting point for the derivation of the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equations [2] and it is the underlying principle in Bellman's dynamic programming approach [1], [3]. The present paper shows that the principle of optimality is not satisfied, in general, for solutions obtained from a standard collocation approach[4]. For a simple example whose collocation solution can be generated analytically it is shown that further improvements are possible along an optimal collocation solution if the design parameters along a number of leading nodes are frozen and the remainder of the trajectory is re-optimized. I. Continuous Optimal Control Problem In this section of the paper we introduce a simple class of optimal control problems without state and control constraints. In Section 1.2 we present the associated necessary conditions for optimality [2], [5]. For ease of notation we assume that the right-hand side of the 'Supervising Engineer, Member AIAA, t Senior Engineer, Member AIAA, *17 Research Drive, Hampton, VA 23666. ^Graduate Student, Member AIAA, Department, 304 Town Engineering, Ames, IA 50011 equations of motion does not depend explicitly on time t. This does not represent a loss of generality, as it is always possible to transform explicit time dependence away through the introduction of an additional, timelike state variable. 1. Problem Formulation Let us consider the following class of optimal control problems: min «e(Pwc[*o,*/]), (1) subject to the conditions ±(t) = /(*(*),«(*)), tf.(z(*oMo) = 0, (2)
Traceability in graphs with forbidden triples of subgraphs

Abstract If F is a collection of connected graphs, and if a graph G does not contain any member of F as an induced subgraph, then G is said to be F -free. The members of F in this situation are called forbidden subgraphs. In a previous paper (Gould and Harris, 1995) the authors demonstrated two families of triples of subgraphs which imply traceability when forbidden. In this paper the authors identify two additional families that enjoy this same property.
The seismic kernel system—a large-scale exercise in Fortran 77 portability

The portability of software has become a major commercial issue in recent times. Such portability does not come easily, as few if any computer languages are really portable in practice. An additional complicating factor, especially in the commercial environment, is that the resulting software must be efficient. This paper describes the design and successful implementation of a 500,000+ line portable FORTRAN 77 package for the processing of seismic data. The package exhibits demonstrably high efficiency on a wide variety of machines from minicomputers to the largest supercomputers. Experiences gained during this exercise throw much light on the integration of the various thought processes which occur during the software engineering cycle, especially the notion of locality.
Active noise control using piezoelectric actuator for a machine

The use of active noise control applied to an industrial machine is investigated. The control system consists of an analog controller, an optical synchronous sensor, an error microphone, and an actuator. The signal from the optical sensor, which is synchronized with the impacts, is compensated by the controller and then sent to the actuator. The controller automatically adjusts itself according to the error signal to get maximum noise reduction. Instead of the more traditional loudspeakers used in noise control systems, a piezoelectric actuator is developed to work in a harsh industrial environment. The actuator is basically a bending mode vibrator made of aluminum and PZT (lead zirconate titanate) plates and is able to work in the frequency range of interest. A computer program based on the finite element approach was developed to aid the design of the actuator. The predicted output and the measured one agree very well. The system is tested in a laboratory setup by replaying the noise recorded from the machine. A reduction of 10 dB(A) is achieved.
Vehicle reidentification and travel time measurement on congested freeways

Abstract The paper presents an algorithm for matching individual vehicles measured at a freeway detector with the vehicles’ corresponding measurements taken earlier at another detector located upstream. Although this algorithm is potentially compatible with many vehicle detector technologies, the paper illustrates the method using existing dual-loop detectors to measure vehicle lengths. This detector technology has seen widespread deployment for velocity measurement. Since the detectors were not developed to measure vehicle length, these measurements can include significant errors. To overcome this problem, the algorithm exploits drivers’ tendencies to retain their positions within dense platoons. The otherwise complicated task of vehicle reidentification is carried out by matching these platoons rather than individual vehicles. Of course once a vehicle has been matched across neighboring detector stations, the difference in its arrival time at each station defines the vehicle’s travel time on the intervening segment. Findings from an application of the algorithm over a 1/3 mile long segment are presented herein and they indicate that a sufficient number of vehicles can be matched for the purpose of traffic surveillance. As such, the algorithm extracts travel time data without requiring the deployment of new detector technologies. In addition to the immediate impacts on traffic monitoring, the work provides a means to quantify the potential benefits of emerging detector technologies that promise to extract more detailed information from individual vehicles.
Effects of increased fetuin-A in human trophoblast cells and associated pregnancy outcomes.

Objective The purpose of this study was to determine whether fetuin-A affects trophoblast viability and invasion, whether growth factors that bind receptors that activate tyrosine kinase are impaired by fetuin-A, and whether elevated maternal serum fetuin-A levels are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Study Design We studied viability and invasion in first-trimester extravillous trophoblast cells that were exposed to fetuin-A, insulin-like growth factor, and placental growth factor. Insulin receptor substrates expression was assessed. We compared serum fetuin-A levels in 111 preeclampsia cases and 95 controls. Results Fetuin-A reduced extravillous trophoblast cell viability and invasion in the presence or absence of growth factors. Fetuin-A reduced insulin receptor substrate–1 and tyrosine phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate–1 expression in extravillous trophoblast cells that had been treated with insulin-like growth factor. Elevated serum fetuin-A levels were more prevalent in preeclampsia cases than control subjects, even after we controlled for diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and obesity. Conclusion Fetuin-A may decrease trophoblast viability and invasion caused by the inhibition of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. Elevated serum levels of fetuin-A may be associated with preeclampsia.
Associations Between Preschoolers' Daytime and Nighttime Sleep Parameters by El-Sheikh, Arsiwalla, Staton, Dyer, and Vaughn

Guest Commentary on: El-Sheikh, M., Arsiwalla, D. D., Staton, L., Dyer, W. J., & Vaughn, B. E. (2013). Associations between preschoolers’ daytime and nighttime sleep parameters. Behavioral Sleep Me...
Emergency Care Physicians' Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Surveillance for Foodborne Disease in the United States

During the past decade, the incidence of certain bacterial pathogens that are commonly transmitted through food in the United States has decreased. Concurrently, the emergency department has become an increasingly common setting for health care. Because public health surveillance for bacterial foodborne diseases fundamentally depends on stool cultures, we conducted a survey of physicians who attended an emergency medicine conference to describe knowledge, attitudes, and practices among this provider population. A convenience sample of 162 physicians, representing 34 states, provided responses. Thirty-eight percent reported having ordered a stool culture for the most recent patient with acute diarrheal illness examined in the emergency department, but only 26% of the physicians subsequently received the stool culture results. For only 2 pathogens (Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella species) did at least one-half of the respondents provide the correct response regarding whether selected diarrheal disease pathogens were reportable in their state. Responses indicated familiarity with the Infectious Diseases Society of America's practice guidelines regarding stool cultures for patients with severe symptoms and a history of travel, but less so with characteristics of public health importance (i.e., attendance at day care and employment as a restaurant cook). We recommend that educational opportunities be made available to emergency care physicians that highlight the public health significance of acute diarrheal illness and that reinforce guidelines regarding culturing stool specimens, making recommendations to prevent further transmission, and reporting to local health authorities.
Patterns and correlates of polytobacco use in the United States over a decade: NSDUH 2002-2011.

Abstract Background Few studies have examined the patterns and correlates of polytobacco use among a large, nationally representative population over an extended period of time. Methods This study examined 10 years of data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH) to establish time trends and correlates for exclusive and mixed use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco (SLT), cigars, and pipes. Results Results show that rates of polytobacco use were essentially unchanged from 2002 to 2011 (8.7% to 7.4%), though some product combinations, including cigarettes and SLT, cigars and SLT, and use of more than two products have increased. In tobacco users under age 26, the proportion of polytobacco use increased, even as overall tobacco use declined. The factors associated with polytobacco use among tobacco users included sex, income, education, risk taking/seeking behaviors, and outward indicators of ‘risk-liability’. Conclusions Findings provide a snapshot of trends of single and polytobacco product use as well as trends in combinations of product use. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the sequence of individual patterns of tobacco product use and to identify whether polytobacco use results in greater nicotine dependence, increased exposure to harmful and potentially harmful constituents and/or greater risk of tobacco related disease.
MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF POST‐MORTEM MUSCLE: EFFECT OF SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS AND POST‐MORTEM STORAGE ON CHANGES IN MYOSIN B

Studies to determine the relationship of SH groups to certain changes of the myofibrillar proteins of post-mortem muscle were carried out with myosin B from at-death and post-mortem stored rabbit skeletal muscle (2° C and 25° C for 3 days) and with SH reagent modified myosin B from at-death and post-mortem stored muscle. Quantitative SH analysis, ATPase activity, turbidity rate and analytical ultracentrifugation were employed to determine the changes in myosin B associated with changes in SH groups. Post-mortem storage of muscle at 2°C for 3 days had no effect on SH content of myosin B; a decrease in SH groups, however, was observed in myosin B from muscle stored at 25°C for 3 days and for iodoacetamide (IAA) and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) modified myosin B. ATPase activity was inhibited by reacting myosin B with enough NEM or IAA to block all SH groups. Dialysis of myosin B from at-death and post-mortem muscle against MCE to restore SH groups resulted in partial reversal of Mg++ and EGTA-activated ATPase of myosin B from post-mortem muscle and a less rapid rate of turbidity development. These results suggest that the state and nature of SH groups are partly involved in the actin-myosin interaction of post-mortem muscle; other constituents, however, in addition to SH groups are evidently modified and, in some instances, irreversibly modified, under certain post-mortem storage conditions.
Pair-distribution function and its coupling-constant average for the spin-polarized electron gas

The pair-distribution function g describes physical correlations between electrons, while its average g\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} over coupling constant generates the exchange-correlation energy. The former is found from the latter by g=(1-${\mathit{a}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\partial}/\ensuremath{\partial}${\mathit{a}}_{0}$)g\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}, where ${\mathit{a}}_{0}$ is the Bohr radius. We present an analytic representation of g\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} (and hence g) in real space for a uniform electron gas with density parameter ${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$ and spin polarization \ensuremath{\zeta}. This expression has the following attractive features: (1) The exchange-only contribution is treated exactly, apart from oscillations we prefer to ignore. (2) The correlation contribution is correct in the high-density (${\mathit{r}}_{\mathit{s}}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) and nonoscillatory long-range (R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}) limits. (3) The value and cusp are properly described in the short-range (R\ensuremath{\rightarrow}0) limit. (4) The normalization and energy integrals are respected. The result is found to agree with the pair-distribution function g from Ceperley's quantum Monte Carlo calculation. Estimates are also given for the separate contributions from parallel and antiparallel spin correlations, and for the long-range oscillations at a high finite density.
Present-future gratification Tradeoffs : does economics validate psychometric studies ?

Abstract An economic analysis of market data was used to calculate how salary employees traded future health for present gratification. The calculated annual discount rate of 3.1% was small compared to estimates based on psychometric studies. The difference may be due to the longer time horizons found in economic studies, due to the species studied, and due to the type of reinforcer and behavior under study.
Structure-based design of novel calcineurin (PP2B) inhibitors

Abstract The design, synthesis, and evaluation of small molecule, in vitro, inhibitors of human calcineurin is described. These ligands were derived from the known nonspecific phosphatase inhibitor endothall, and were modified to enhance binding and selectivity toward calcineurin using protein crystal structure information.
Molecular-Orbital Theory of the Excited-State Exchange Interaction

An approximate molecular-orbital exchange theory is derived in which the various contributions to the exchange interaction are expressed explicitly as functions of the covalency amplitudes, overlaps, single-ion Coulomb and exchange integrals and charge-transfer excitation energies. The relative sizes of contributions of the same type to the different pairwise interactions between electrons occupying specific orbitals on neighboring sites can be evaluated fairly reliably from such a theory. Fixing over-all scale factors for the kinetic and potential exchange to produce agreement with ground-state exchange constants then has the effect of incorporating higher-order relaxation and correlation effects into the theory and making it relatively insensitive to some of the approximations which enter into its derivation. Application of the theory to the ground-state exchange constants of Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, KMn${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$, Ni${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$, and KNi${\mathrm{F}}_{3}$ not only determines the required scale factors, which prove to agree adequately with simple a priori estimates, but also produces interesting information on the relative sizes of different components of the covalent bonding: ${p}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$, ${p}_{\ensuremath{\pi}}$, and ${s}_{\ensuremath{\sigma}}$. Properties derived from the exchange interactions of the excited $^{4}E(I)$ multiplet in Mn${\mathrm{F}}_{2}$ are then deduced from the theory and compared to the experimental results. The agreement is fair to excellent for all quantities studied: two dispersion constants and two exciton-magnon coupling constants.
A Behavioural Study of the Home-Cage Activity of the White Rat

Traditionally, the activity of the white rat has been investigated with a variety of mechanical recording devices (activity-wheels, stabilimeters, photo-electric relay systems, etc.), but quite limited data are available on rat behavior per se. The purpose of the present study was to develop an observational time-sampling technique that would provide a comprehensive description and catalogue of the various activities exhibited by individual animals and to use this to investigate the home-cage activity of the male laboratory rat under normal and experimental conditions. The following were studied: (1) age-related changes in normal animals at three age levels (approximately 30, 60, and 100 days) ; (2) effects of food- and water-deprivation in young (age 30 days) and adult (age 100 days) animals; (3) effects of food- and water-deprivation in adult animals (age 100 days) which had previously experienced similar deprivation at ages 30 and 60 days. Home-cage activity was measured simultaneously along a large number of different behavioural dimensions, hence an increase or decrease in "activity" typically reflected changes in a number of categories. The main age-related changes in home-cage activity were a sharpening of the diurnal activity cycle and a decrease in vigorous ambulatory behaviour. The effects of the various deprivation conditions proved to be quite different. At both 30 and 60 days, food-deprived animals showed much greater activity in a number of categories than did water-deprived and control animals. Water-deprived animals were somewhat more active than controls, but maintained an alert, immobile position more than the other two groups. At 100 days of age animals undergoing their third food deprivation showed marked increases in activity and some of these effects persisted during post-deprivation, whereas animals undergoing their third water deprivation showed relatively small increases in activity. Animals food-deprived for the first time at 100 days showed fewer activity changes; but 100 day old animals water-deprived for the first time presented a mixed picture, being more active than controls in the afternoon but less active at night. It was concluded that the drive properties of hunger and thirst have distinct, different, and cumulative effects on the home-cage activity of the white rat.
The development of a range of C60 ion beam systems

Abstract C 60 ion beams are being used in a widening variety of analytical applications. The interaction of the C 60 molecule with most sample surfaces differs markedly from that of an atomic ion beam, leading to elevated sputter yields and ion yields. A further important consequence of C 60 bombardment is very low residual damage after sputtering of surface layers. We have developed a range of C 60 ion beam systems for use in static SIMS, dynamic SIMS, SIMS imaging, including intracellular imaging of biological compounds, and in surface cleaning and depth profiling in electron spectroscopy. We describe the design criteria for the C 60 range and illustrate the performance of these systems with recent applications data.
Practical flare compensation strategy for DRAM device

Flare is hard to control only by hardware-wise means in EUV lithography. Therefore flare compensation through layout correction is necessary. PSF is measured along various slit positions by using clearing resist pad with various sizes in EUV Alpha Demo Tool (ADT) in IMEC. The measured PSF is compared to that derived from mathematically calculated PSD modeling from surface roughness of the projection optics by suppliers. Degree of variation in flare level of real device is measured experimentally with real device layout with clearing pads in it. Flare is calculated as convolution of PSF (Point Spread Function) and pattern density. This requires astronomical amount of computational time, because PSF in EUV has a very long tail that could even reach around several tens of thousands micron range. Therefore we investigated the pattern density of real devices with increasing radius of annulus. If the pattern densities in each annulus are saturated in some level, convolution integral with shorter range is sufficient and longer tail part of PSF can be approximated with fixed DC flare level dependent on saturated pattern density. Finally we discuss about the pending issues regarding flare correction for real devices application of EUV lithography.
Renal vein thrombosis treated with thrombolytic therapy: Case report and brief review

Renal vein thrombosis (RVT) can occur as a complication of the nephrotic syndrome. We present the case of a young woman with systemic lupus erythematosus with nephrotic syndrome and bilateral RVT with extension of the thrombus into the vena cava to the level of the right atrium and multiple pulmonary emboli. She was treated acutely with streptokinase, with complete resolution of the thrombi. In general, anticoagulation is the mainstay of therapy for RVT. Review of the literature reveals that thrombolytic therapy can be used safely and appears to have been reserved for those patients with the most severe disease or the more grave prognosis. we feel that thrombolytic therapy is warranted in the presence of bilateral RVT with acute renal failure, massive clot size with high risk of acute embolic events, or recurrent pulmonary emboli, in the absence of overriding contraindications.
Improving the power efficiency of white light-emitting diode by doping electron transport material

Highly efficient white light emission was realized via the partial energy transfer from blue host polyfluorene (PF) to orange light emission dopant rubrene. A more balanced charge transport was achieved by adding an electron transport material, 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (PBD), into the PF-rubrene system to enhance the electron transportation. Efficiency improvement by as much as a factor of 2 has been observed through the addition of PBD. These devices can easily reach high luminance at low driving voltages, thus achieving high power efficiency at high luminance (14.8, 13.5, and 12.0lm∕W at the luminances of 1000, 2000, and 4000cd∕m2, respectively). Therefore, this performance is an important approach toward solid-state lighting application. The enhancement is mainly attributed to three factors: increased electron transport property of the host material, increased photoluminescence quantum efficiency, and the shifting of emission zone away from cathode contact. The reported ...
c-Fos induction in response to taste stimuli previously paired with amphetamine or LiCl during taste aversion learning

Amphetamine and lithium chloride (LiCl) are both effective unconditioned stimuli (USs) in the establishment of conditioned taste aversions (CTA) in the rat. However, the mechanism of action of these drugs is quite different with the area postrema and related emetic circuitry critical to the response to LiCl but not amphetamine. c-Fos immunohistochemistry was used to define brain regions activated during drug administration and during expression of a CTA using either amphetamine or LiCl as the US drug. Administration of LiCl induced dense c-Fos-like immunoreactivity (c-FLI) in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) while amphetamine induced only light staining in this area. A conditioned stimulus (CS) saccharin solution paired with amphetamine, however, was associated with c-FLI in NTS in a pattern quite similar to that seen to a LiCl-paired CS. This suggests that the pattern of c-Fos expression to a taste CS after conditioning is characteristic of aversion conditioning, in general, and appears not to represent a matching of the conditioned response to specific unconditioned effects of the drug. To examine this conditioned response further, c-FLI to the aversive saccharin CS was compared to the response to quinine hydrochloride, which is innately aversive. Although behaviorally the animals' ingestive responses were quite similar, the saccharin CS induced significant elevations of c-FLI in NTS whereas the quinine did not. Thus, a taste which had become aversive by virtue of conditioning induced c-FLI expression in NTS while a taste which was inherently aversive did not.
Unitarity in antisymmetric tensor gauge theories

Abstract We discuss gauge-fixing and BRST invariance, and outline an explicit verification of one-loop unitarity for the gauge antisymmetric tensor field model of Freedman and Townsend. The quantizaton of this system raised issues similar to those raised by the Witten string field theory, and have a similar resolution requiring, among other things, the presence of three-ghost couplings.
Resolving the measurement problem: reply to Allen Stairs

We defend an account of quantum measurement as a species of selective interactions, an account that gets beyond the insolubility theorem to resolve the quantum measurement problem. In the course of the defense we propose a novel analysis of inexact measurements and discuss the problem of how to treat the states and selective interactions of composite systems.
On the Final Correction of Geometrical Aberrations

To facilitate the final correction of an optical system, formulas are developed using the intermediate data obtained by ray tracing. For each aberration the expressions obtained contain constants of the system multiplied by certain partial magnifications corresponding to the different surfaces. The use of such expressions is shown to require much less computation than orthodox methods. It is also shown that in this approach to the problem the optical system can be divided into two parts of which the one contains the focal length of the whole system and the other stands for the state of correction of the whole system.
Melanocortin 1 receptor variants and skin cancer risk

Melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R) gene variants are associated with red hair and fair skin color. We assessed the associations of common MC1R genotypes with the risks of 3 types of skin cancer simultaneously in a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (219 melanoma, 286 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 300 basal cell carcinoma (BCC) cases, and 873 controls). We found that the 151Cys, 160Trp and 294His variants were significantly associated with red hair, fair skin color and childhood tanning tendency. The MC1R variants, especially the 151Cys variant, were associated with increased risks of the 3 types of skin cancer, after controlling for hair color, skin color and other skin cancer risk factors. Carriers of the 151Cys variant had an OR of 1.65 (95% CI, 1.04-2.59) for melanoma, 1.67 (1.12-2.49) for SCC and 1.56 (1.03-2.34) for BCC. Women with medium or olive skin color carrying 1 nonred hair color allele and 1 red hair color allele had the highest risk of melanoma. A similar interaction pattern was observed for red hair and carrying at least 1 red hair color allele on melanoma risk. We also observed that the 151Cys variant contributed additional melanoma risk among red-haired women. The information on MC1R status modestly improved the risk prediction; the increase was significant for melanoma and BCC (p, 0.004 and 0.05, respectively). These findings indicated that the effects of the MC1R variants on skin cancer risk were independent from self-reported phenotypic pigmentation.
Do Older Southern Americans Need Education to Understand Their Communication Needs

Educational goals for the elderly were established after 100 older southern Americans living in a rural/urban area of Mississippi were surveyed regarding knowledge of their communication needs. Many subjects indicated a basic but minimal knowledge of hearing disorders (42%) and hearing aids (74%). Few subjects indicated that they knew of someone with a speech disorder (5%) or of a professional who could help people with a speech problem (31%).
Conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus results in improved creatinine but does not alter lipid profile.

Abstract Introduction While cyclosporine and tacrolimus use results in similar renal graft survival, the side effect profiles of the drugs are substantially different. We examined the electrolyte and lipid alterations that occurred in our patient population following conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus. Methods Data for electrolytes, lipid profile, and immunosuppression were analyzed from 98 patients with kidney or kidney-pancreas transplants who were converted from cyclosporine to tacrolimus between October 1994 and June 2001. Results, expressed as mean ± SEM, were compared to baseline values using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test (P Results Among these patients, there were 56 men, 42 women, 75 primary transplants, 15 repeat transplants, and 26 multiorgan transplants. The mean time to tacrolimus conversion was 769 ± 122 days. Creatinine, BUN, and glucose improved after conversion to tacrolimus. Surprisingly, cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins, and high-density lipoproteins levels were not significantly altered, although triglyceride levels demonstrated a significant difference at 1 year. Conclusion Significant improvements in creatinine and BUN were observed following conversion from cyclosporine to tacrolimus. While hypomagnesemia was also seen, there was surprisingly little alteration in lipid profile.
Diabetes: Strategies to prevent the type 2 diabetes mellitus epidemic.

The Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study provides important evidence that the ongoing and rapidly increasing global epidemic of diabetes mellitus can be halted. This study documents substantial success in the prevention or delay of the onset of type 2 diabetes mellitus for at least 10 years through lifestyle modification and metformin treatment.
Synthesis and Luminescence Spectroscopy of a Series of [η5-CpFe(CO)2] Complexes Containing 1,12-Dicarba-closo-dodecaboranyl and -ylene Ligands

Three new cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl compounds, 1-[η5-CpFe(CO)2]-1,12-C2B10H11, 1-[[η5-CpFe(CO)2]-1,12-C2B10H10-12-yl]2Hg, and 1,12-[η5-CpFe(CO)2]2-1,12-C2B10H10, composed of 1,12-dicarba-closo-dodecaborane as a ligand precursor were synthesized and found to be luminescent. The uncoordinated 1,12-C2B10H12 bridging ligand precursor is luminescent with a band maximum at 25180 cm-1, while the iron complexes luminesce at lower energies in the range 13120−14210 cm-1. The lowest energy excited electronic state in the iron complexes is assigned to a ligand field transition of the iron chromophore. Cyclic voltammetry of 1,12-[η5-CpFe(CO)2]2-1,12-C2B10H10 displays two discrete one-electron oxidations, and the luminescence maximum is red shifted from that observed in 1-[η5-CpFe(CO)2]-1,12-C2B10H11. Both of these observations suggest that the iron-centered chromophores are weakly coupled. In contrast, the 1-[[η5-CpFe(CO)2]-1,12-C2B10H10-12-yl]2Hg complex is uncoupled as is evident from the single oxidation proc...
Importance of Two Arginine Residues in Lapemis Postsynaptic Neurotoxins: Re‐examination using Acetylcholine Receptor‐neurotoxin Complex Instead of Free Toxin

— The role of the three arginine residues in Lapemis neurotoxin has been re-examined using an acetylcholine receptor-toxin complex. The receptor-bound neurotoxin was treated with phenylglyoxal to modify available arginine residues. The positions of the modified arginine residues were then identified from the amino acid sequences of proteolytically digested fragments of the detached neurotoxin. The result was compared with the result from modification of the free Lapemis toxin (unbound). Arg-31 and Arg-34 were not modified when Lapemis toxin was bound to receptor although they were modified when the toxin was not bound to receptor. It was concluded that Arg-31 and Arg-34 residues are involved in the toxin-receptor interaction.
Electrical conductivity of Na-Hg and Ag-Hg β″-alumina

The electrical conductivity of single crystal and polycrystalline Ag-Hg and Na-Hg β″-aluminas with varying Hg contents was measured. The conductivity of pure Hg β″-alumina, extrapolated from conductivity isotherms of single crystal Ag-Hg β″-alumina, showed Arrhenius behavior with an activation energy of 0.96 eV. At 315°C the conductivity of single crystal Hg β″-alumina was 3.3×10-5 (ω·cm)-1, which is about three orders of magnitude lower than for Ca, Sr, Ba, and Cd β″-alumina. An upper limit for the conductivity of Hg in the polycrystalline β″-alumina was estimated as 1×10-6 (ω·cm)-1 at 315°C.
Supramolecular Mn-Ca Aggregates as Models for the Photosynthetic Water Oxidation Complex

Mn4/(AE)2 complexes, AE = Ca, 1 or Ba, 2, display MnIII3MnII valence-trapped states and Jahn−Teller compressed MnIII ions, consistent with the S0 (or S-2) oxidation level of PSII. Ba2+ and Ca2+ lig...
Divine Therapy: Teaching Reflective and Meditative Practices

. Reflective and meditative practices, whether Eastern or Western, are being taught in multiple places – retreat houses, hospitals, Zen centers – but are rarely included in the theology classroom. What would be the rationale for inclusion of reflective/meditative practices in a theology curriculum that does not include such a theory/praxis course? What might a mystical tradition/reflective practice course look like? The author first explores the implications of a three-semester pilot program – using guided imagery, spiritual journaling, iconography, and centering prayer – that was conducted with volunteers outside the classroom. Then, based on the experimental project, the author describes a course that blends global traditions with the best of the practices. The author concludes with an evaluation of the reflective/meditative practices and the praxis-inclusive course in terms of possible long-term effects on the personal development of the participants and the ministry of teaching and learning itself.
Spontaneous fission activities

Abstract For several years, the Nuclear Data Project has been using a standard computer-readable format 1 to organize the results of data evaluations published in Nuclear Data Sheets . Adopted values for level energies, spins, half-lives, radiation properties, and spectroscopic factors are recorded in standard blocks of information, which are then filed onto indexed direct-access storage. The resulting Evaluated Nuclear Structure Data File (ENSDF) is then available as a standard source of nuclear structure information. 2 Computer organization of selected data into pages has been a feature of Nuclear Data Sheets since 1975. As an illustration of the power and potential usefulness of the ENSDF system, we present a collection of nuclear levels for which the spontaneous fission has been studied. The values tabulated have appeared in recent issues of Nuclear Data Sheets . 3 The selection of values and arrangement into a table has been done completely automatically. We welcome comments and criticisms about the form or content of this table.
Inhibition of Laminar Methane-Air and Methanol-Air Flames by Hydrogen Bromide

Abstract The general problem of chemical kinetic flame inhibition is examined by means of a theoretical model. This model combines fluid mechanics, energy transport, and detailed chemical kinetics for the oxidation of methane and methanol, coupled with the elementary reactions of the inhibitor, hydrogen bromide. The effects of the inhibitor on laminar flame structure and flame speed are examined over wide ranges of pressure and equivalence ratio. Computed results are found to agree well with available experimental data. It is found that for the same amount of added inhibitor, lean flames are inhibited more rapidly than stoichiometric and rich flames. The efficiency of inhibition is also found to increase with increasing pressure. These trends apply to both methane-air and methanol-air flames. The kinetic mechanisms affecting the inhibition process have been identified and are found to depend strongly on hydrogen atom balance in the flame and pre-flame regions. At higher pressures recombination reactions i...
Measurements of Polarization in π − p Elastic Scattering at Large Angles

We have made measurements of polarization in ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}p$ elastic scattering, with emphasis over the backward region, at 1.60 to 2.28 $\frac{\mathrm{GeV}}{c}$. The results indicate the absence of $u$-channel dominance in the backward region, as was observed in the case of ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}p$ scattering. Comparisons have been made with predictions of various phase-shift analyses which show that the agreement is generally very poor in the backward region.
A theory of neural computation

Abstract A theory of systems is proposed that is complementary to information theory and which provides a means of understanding biological neurons. This theory, its cybernetic nature, and an engineering formalism are summarized and used to derive the architectural elements of a single-neuron system, including its operational characteristics, spatiotemporal adaptation rules, and most importantly, its computational objective. Design assumptions are tailored to obtain an architecture closely resembling that of biological neurons. The underlying theory represents a “meta-theory” in the sense that it captures information theory, systems theory, and hybrid systems such as those described by systems of single-neuron systems that internally both process and transmit information between constituent elemental “systems”.
Unique cutpoints for sitting-to-standing orthostatic vital signs

The study objective was to describe the distribution of normal changes in vital signs related to moving from a sitting to a standing position. Subjects were free of cardiovascular disease and determined to be euvolemic by structured interview. Vital signs were measured after a minimum of 5 minutes of sitting and after 1 minute of standing. Among 176 subjects, mean differences in parameters (+/- standard deviation) were as follows: pulse increase, 5.3 +/- 6.6 beats per minute (bpm); systolic blood pressure (SBP) decrease, 1.2 +/- 9.8 mmHg; and shock index (SI) increase, 0.05 +/- 0.07 bpm/mmHg. These changes are less extreme than those previously published for changes from lying to standing. Unique tilt test positivity criteria and their expected specificities are as follows: pulse increase >/=20 bpm (0.98), SBP decrease >/=20 mmHg (0.97), SI increase >/=0.2 (0.99), ROSI >/=1.3 (0.95). Sitting-to-standing tilt tests require positivity criteria distinct from those published for lying-to-standing tilt tests.