cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Encryption key management for secure communication in smart advanced metering infrastructures

Smart grid technology can improve environmental sustainability and increase the efficiency of energy management. Because of these important benefits, conventional power grid systems are being replaced with new, advanced smart grid systems utilizing Advanced Metering Infrastructures (AMIs). These smart grid systems rely on current information and communication technology (ICT) to provide enhanced services to both users and utility companies. However, the increased use of ICT makes smart grid systems vulnerable to cyber-attacks, such as spoofing, eavesdropping and man-in-the-middle attacks. A major security concern is related to secure data transmission between the smart meters and the utility. Encryption techniques are typically used for such purpose. However the deployment of encryption techniques in an AMI requires efficient and scalable approaches for managing encryption keys. In this paper, we propose an efficient encryption key management mechanism for end-to-end security in the AMI. By applying certificateless public key cryptography for smart meter key management, our approach eliminates certificate management overhead at the utility. Moreover, our mechanism is practical, because it does not require any extra hardware for authentication of the smart meters.
On the Optimal Power Allocation for Broadcasting in Dense Cooperative Networks

We study the optimal power allocation problem for cooperative broadcast in dense large-scale networks. In our set-up, a single source initiates the transmission and the nodes that receive the message with sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) retransmit. The goal is to design the transmission order (schedule) and the transmission powers of the relays so that the message reaches to the entire network with the minimum possible power expenditure. In general, finding the best scheduling in cooperative broadcast is known to be NP-complete. In this paper, we show that the optimal scheduling is easily resolved for certain network topologies and channel models. Furthermore, we approximate dense large-scale networks with a continuum of nodes and provide optimal power density for the continuum network under pathloss attenuation
Glutamine: pleiotropic roles in tumor growth and stress resistance

Tumors and tumor cell lines rapidly consume the amino acid glutamine (Gln) and use it to supply metabolic pathways that support cell growth and proliferation. Much of the research regarding the relationship between glutamine metabolism and cancer is based on the premise that this abundant nutrient represents an important driver of tumor cell anabolism. However, Gln's influence in cell biology and cancer extends far beyond its use as a carbon and nitrogen source for the structural components of dividing cells. Gln is truly a multipurpose nutrient, feeding many additional pathways that boost the ability of cells to communicate with each other and to cope with stress by oncogenic signaling and by the tumor microenvironment. A number of recent reports have highlighted these “non-anabolic” functions of Gln metabolism in regulating cell survival, oxidative stress resistance, signal transduction, and autophagy. Here, we review some of these findings and discuss their relevance to tumor biology and the potential for cancer therapy.
Dependence of the Mutation Spectrum in a Shuttle Plasmid Replicated in Human Lymphoblasts on Dose of Gamma Radiation

SummaryThe frequencies and types of mutations induced in the target gene, supF-tRNA, of the shuttle vector pZ189 were analysed following the replication of the gamma-irradiated plasmid in the human lymphoblastoid cell line, GM606. The mutation frequency measured in progeny of unirradiated pZ189 was 1·02 × 10−4, increasing to 17·5 × 10−4 at 1000 cGy, and to 63·4 × 10−4 at 5000 cGy, approximately 17- and 62-fold over background levels, respectively. Simultaneously, the number of plasmids capable of replicating in Escherichia coli decreased with increasing radiation dose to 4% of the control value at 5000 cGy. Electrophoresis of the irradiated DNA showed a correlation between increases in mutation frequency and decreases in plasmid survival, and the formation of open-circular and linear DNA. The majority of the spontaneous (69·8%) and induced mutations (85·7% at 1000 and 79·4% at 5000 cGy) were base substitutions and were generally of similar types among all groups. However, changes at 2500 (12·7%) and 5000 ...
Correlates of antiretroviral adherence and viral load among transgender women living with HIV

Transgender women are 49 times more likely to become HIV infected than other groups, yet they are drastically underserved by current treatment efforts and report lower rates of treatment adherence then other groups. The objective of this study was to explore correlates of antiretroviral (ART) adherence and viral load among HIV-positive transgender women on ART utilizing a cross-sectional survey of a convenience sample of 59 transgender women. In multivariate models of ART adherence, correlates were age, stress appraisal of transphobic experiences, importance of gender affirmation, and adherence to hormone therapy. In multivariate models of self-reported viral load, correlates were stress appraisal of transphobic experiences and being in a relationship. This study provides preliminary evidence of transgender-relevant correlates of ART adherence and viral load.
Long-duration anesthetization of squid (Doryteuthis pealeii)

Cephalopods, and particularly squid, play a central role in marine ecosystems and are a prime model animal in neuroscience. Yet, the capability to investigate these animals in vivo has been hampered by the inability to sedate them beyond several minutes. Here, we describe methods to anesthetize Doryteuthis pealeii, the longfin squid, noninvasively for up to 5 h using a 0.15 mol magnesium chloride (MgCl2) seawater solution. Sedation was mild, rapid (<4 min), and the duration could be easily controlled by repeating anesthetic inductions. The sedation had no apparent effect on physiological evoked potentials recorded from nerve bundles within the statocyst system, suggesting the suitability of this solution as a sedating agent. This simple, long-duration anesthetic technique opens the possibility for longer in vivo investigations on this and related cephalopods, thus expanding potential neuroethological and ecophysiology research for a key marine invertebrate group.
Sociological dimensions in classical/neoclassical economics: Conceptions of social economics and economic sociology

This article posits that traditional economics contains relevant sociological dimensions and that these consist primarily of conceptions and elements of social economics or economic sociology. On t...
The Yeast Dynactin Complex Is Involved in Partitioning the Mitotic Spindle between Mother and Daughter Cells during Anaphase B

Although vertebrate cytoplasmic dynein can move to the minus ends of microtubules in vitro, its ability to translocate purified vesicles on microtubules depends on the presence of an accessory complex known as dynactin. We have cloned and characterized a novel gene, NIP100, which encodes the yeast homologue of the vertebrate dynactin complex protein p150glued. Like strains lacking the cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain Dyn1p or the centractin homologue Act5p, nip100Δ strains are viable but undergo a significant number of failed mitoses in which the mitotic spindle does not properly partition into the daughter cell. Analysis of spindle dynamics by time-lapse digital microscopy indicates that the precise role of Nip100p during anaphase is to promote the translocation of the partially elongated mitotic spindle through the bud neck. Consistent with the presence of a true dynactin complex in yeast, Nip100p exists in a stable complex with Act5p as well as Jnm1p, another protein required for proper spindle partitioning during anaphase. Moreover, genetic depletion experiments indicate that the binding of Nip100p to Act5p is dependent on the presence of Jnm1p. Finally, we find that a fusion of Nip100p to the green fluorescent protein localizes to the spindle poles throughout the cell cycle. Taken together, these results suggest that the yeast dynactin complex and cytoplasmic dynein together define a physiological pathway that is responsible for spindle translocation late in anaphase.
Fire effects in the northern Chihuahuan Desert derived from Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper spectral indices

Fire effects on desert ecosystems may be long-lasting based on ecological impact of fire in these environments which potentially is detected from multispectral sensors. To assess this, we analyzed changes in spectral characteristics from 1986 to 2010 of pixels associated with the location of fires that occurred between 1986 and 1999 in Big Bend National Park, USA, located in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Using Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data, we derived spectral indices including the simple ratio (SR), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI), and normalized burn ratio (NBR) from 1989, 1999, and 2010 from the TM data and compared changes in spectral index values for sites with and without observed fire. We found that the NDVI and SAVI had significantly different values over the time for burned sites of different fire sizes. When differences of the spectral indices were calculated from each time period, time since fire was correlated with the SR and NBR indices. These results showed that large fires potentially had a persistent and long-term change in vegetation cover and soil characteristics which were detected by the extraordinary long-data collection period of the Landsat-5 TM sensor. © The Authors. Published by SPIE under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. Distribution or repro- duction of this work in whole or in part requires full attribution of the original publication, including its DOI. (DOI: 10.1117/1.JRS.8.083667)
Criteria for Assessing Drug-Induced Biochemical Alterations and Degeneration of Serotonergic Neurons

This chapter will address the strengths and weaknesses of some of the neurochemical measures which have been used to assess drug-induced “neurotoxicity” or degeneration of 5-HT neurons. While reductions in a number of markers of 5-HT function (e.g. 5-HT & 5-HIAA content, 5-HT active uptake) have been used in this regard, it is important to differentiate between the 5-HT parameters that are reduced only as a consequence of the destruction of 5-HT neurons and those that can also be reduced by suppression of serotonergic neurotransmission in structurally-intact neurons. Measures which can best support the dysfunction of 5-HT neurons may be: a) the initial demonstration of swollen immunoreactive axons and subsequent decrease in fiber density, b) decreases in the Vmax of the 5-HT uptake carrier and c) decreases in the density of radiolabeled 5-HT uptake sites. Since 5-HT uptake sites are not subject to the down-regulation reported for 5-HT receptors, decreases in these sites can be attributed specifically to the loss of the neurons containing them. The use of radiolabeled 5-HT uptake sites as a marker for neurodegenerative changes has the following advantages: 1) it can be carried out in previously frozen tissues, 2) it can be carried out in slide-mounted brain sections for visualization and neuroanatomical mapping of 5-HT deficits and 3) it can provide some quantification of the extent of neuronal loss. Functional deficits associated with specific neurochemical and morphological deficits in 5- HT systems would, however, still need to be determined.
OUTCOMES OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY: A UNITED STATES POPULATION-BASED STUDY

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a recognized complication in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). However, there are limited data on outcomes of HCM patients presenting with AMI. We queried the 2003-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample databases to identify all patients ≥18 years
Insulin and Enzyme Responses in Three Strains of Rats

SummaryThree groups of male weanling rats of the BHE, Wistar, and inbred BHE strains were fed a 6% corn oil, 40% protein, 45% carbohydrate diet until they were 100 days old. Half of the animals were killed after a 24-hr fast while the remaining animals were killed without prior fasting. Animals of the BHE and IN-BHE strains had lower levels of IRI and higher blood glucose levels than animals of the Wistar strain. Strain differences in the fasting and nonfasting activities of the hepatic enzymes and in the lipid levels of the blood and liver appeared to be related in part to the insulin status of these animals. However, the data also suggested that different mechanisms of internal control of intermediary metabolism exist for each of these strains.
Correlation Between System and User Metrics in a Session

We investigate the correlations between system-oriented evaluation metrics and a few user experience metrics for a search session. The system-oriented metrics include session-based DCG (sDCG), normalized sDCG (nsDCG), estimated session nDCG (esNDCG), and a few variants of these metrics. We also look into statistics (e.g., the mean, maximum, and minimum values) of individual queries' nDCG scores, as well as the first and the last query's nDCG in a session. These system-oriented metrics are compared with users' self-rated search performance and task difficulty for a session. Experimental results show that nsDCG and esNDCG have reasonable but weak correlations with the user metrics, while the worst and the last query's nDCG in a session have comparably strong correlations. This suggests future work may better measure users' search experience in a session by modeling each query in the session differently.
A Signal Detection Analysis of the Effects of Workload, Task-Critical and Likelihood Information on Human Alarm Response

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of task-critical and likelihood information on participants' sensitivity and bias to alarm signals under varying levels of workload. Participants performed a complex primary task at the same time they performed a secondary task. Likelihood information was manipulated through the use of either a Binary Alarm System (BAS) or a Likelihood Alarm System (LAS). As expected, task-critical and likelihood information significantly increased participants' sensitivity, and this varied across workload levels. Participants benefited from task-critical information only when they were interacting with the BAS. However, participants benefited from likelihood information regardless of task-critical information, particularly under high-workload conditions. Furthermore, task-critical information increased participants' response bias under low workload, making them less likely to respond to alarm signals. These results demonstrated the superior advantage of an LAS over a t...
Cytokines, Viral Infection and Febrile Seizures

Immune responses to a commnon virai factor, double-stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA), were examined in children with and without a history of febrile seizures (FS), in a study at Saga University, Japan.
452Pseudo-Outbreak of Fulminant Toxoplasmosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant [HSCT] Recipients

Recent guidelines have suggested PCR screening for toxoplasmosis in high risk patients.6 Use of PCR as a standard part of fever work up in seropositive allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients has also been recommended.5 Pseudo-Outbreak of Fulminant Toxoplasmosis in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant [HSCT] Recipients Flonza Isa, MD, Mini Kamboj, MD, Kohta Saito, MD, Koen Van Besien, MD, Sergio A. Giralt, MD, Audrey N. Schuetz, MD, Steven Salvatore, MD, Genovefa Papanicolaou, MD, and Rosemary Soave, MD New York Presbyterian Hospital [NYPH]/Weill Cornell and Memorial-Sloan Kettering Cancer Center [MSKCC], New York, NY
Core body temperature is lower in postmenopausal women than premenopausal women: potential implications for energy metabolism and midlife weight gain

ObjectiveWeight gain during the menopausal transition is common. Although studies have suggested that weight gain is more likely related to aging than menopause, there is a reduction in resting energy expenditure with surgical or natural menopause that is independent of age and changes in body compo
The injured heart.

Cardiac injuries, blunt and penetrating, are increasing in frequency. A prompt diagnosis based on the clinical presentation of hemodynamic instability, distended neck veins, and elevated central venous pressure in a setting of severe blunt chest trauma or penetrating wounds in the precordium, with immediate thoracotomy and cardiorrhaphy, yield a considerable survival rate, even for patients presenting in extremis.
Comparison in Root Characteristics Among Japonica hybrid Rice,Japonica conventional Rice,Upland Rice and Indica Rice Varieties

Because of difficulty in root research, breeding by root is retarded relatively. In this paper, root characteristics were compared among different types of varieties by using the method of potted planting to provide the basis for rice root breeding. The results showed that: (1) The hybrid rice was superior to traditional varieties in rooting capacity, root length, root volume, root absorbing area, root dry weight and the ratio of root to the aboveground, on the contrary, the root system of traditional varieties was more in number, thinner and with more branches,and declined later and slower than that of hybrid rice. (2) The upland rice variety was greater in rooting capacity, root length, root absorbing area density, ratio of root to the aboveground. (3) Indica rice variety was less in root number, root absorbing area, root absorbing area density, ratio of root to the aboveground, larger in root volume and root length and earlier in declining of root parameters than japonica rice variety.
Isolation of high lipase-producing strains and optimization of lipase producing conditions

The experiments were conducted in order to obtain high lipase-producing strains from dozens of microbial strains, including Geotrichum candidum. After the preliminary and qualitative screening in the oil medium, the lipase activity were determined by acidbase titration method. The strains which produced more lipase were isolated at last, of them Geotrichum candidum strains was also screened out, whose enzyme activity was up to 10.79 U/mL. Then further studies on the lipase producing conditions were conducted.The results show that the optimum medium formulation contained: olive oil 2%, beef extract 2%, sucrose 0.5%,(NH4)2SO40.1%. The optimum cultivate conditions were: pH 7.0, 28℃, 225 r min-1。
Morvan Syndrome Secondary to Thymic Carcinoma in a Patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Morvan syndrome (MoS) is a rare paraneoplastic autoimmune disorder characterized by peripheral nerve hyperexcitability, autonomic dysfunction, and sleep disorders. Systemic lupus erythmatosus (SLE) cooccurs in 6–10% of patients with thymoma. It may occur before, concurrently with, or after thymoma diagnosis. This paper reports the first case of cooccurrence of SLE, thymic carcinoma, and MoS. The cooccurrence of SLE, thymoma, and MoS delineates the generalized autoimmunity process. Symptoms of both MoS and SLE abated upon tumor resection.
Acousto-optic tunable filter as a notch filter

An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is an all solid-state robust device with no-moving parts that has been used in the development of hyperspectral imagers from the ultraviolet to the longwave infrared. Such a device is developed by bonding a piezoelectric transducer on a specially cut prism in a birefringent crystal. When broadband white light is incident on the prism input facet, two orthogonally polarized diffracted beams at a wavelength with a narrowband bandpass are transmitted. The transmitted wavelength can be tuned by varying the applied radio frequency (RF). This is what is done in a hyperspectral imager. An AOTF can also be used with multiple RFs applied at the same time to diffract a number of different wavelengths. This mode can be exploited to design a tunable optical notch filter where multiple RFs are applied simultaneously such that all wavelength in a specific range can transmit except for a specific wavelength which is notched. We designed an optical system using a TeO2 AOTF with telecentric confocal optics operating in the shortwave infrared (SWIR) with a 16-channel RF driver where both the amplitude and frequency can be controlled independently for each channel. We will discuss the optical system, its characterization and present results obtained. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Multiregional Population Dynamics and Projections: Do Simple Models Outperform Complex Models?

During the past 70 years, the U.S. Bureau of the Census has been producing population projections that over time have become both methodologically more sophisticated and demographically more detailed. Yet this added complexity has not invariably led to increased accuracy. This chapter reviews some of the debate on the simple versus complex modeling issue and links it to questions of model bias and distributional momentum impacts. It introduces a probabilistic time series dimension to the projection exercise, and it focuses on a three-region illustration. Finally, it outlines how parameterized model schedules and projection models may be adopted to provide a strategy for simplifying models with a large number of variables that come with the adoption of age-specific rates.
Addressing strength of GW radiation affected by additional dimensions

We examine whether gravitational waves would be generated during the initial phase, δ0 of the universe when triggered by changes in space-time geometry; i.e. We hope to find traces of the breakdown of the Entropy/QM space-time regime during δ0. In particular, we look at if higher dimensions affect the relative strength of ΩGW , and comment as to how this magnitude may affect opportunities for detection of GW from relic sources. In particular, we will explain the reason why GW O of the pre big bang model is so strong, up to 10 to the � 6 power, while the ΩGW of ordinary inflation is so weak. In relic conditions.
Mary Beare, The German Popular Play “Atis” and the Venetian Opera.: Cambridge: The University Press, 1938; New York: The Macmillan Company, 1939. xii, 81 pp. $2.25.

(1940). Mary Beare, The German Popular Play “Atis” and the Venetian Opera. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 15, No. 1, pp. 61-63.
Ménétrier's disease. A trivalent gastropathy.

Current conceptions of Menetrier's disease only obliquely resemble those originally described. Bona-fide cases are so uncommon that, of 125 cases diagnosed as Menetier's disease, hypertrophic gastritis, or protein-losing gastropathy treated at the Massachusetts General Hospital during the 26-year period of 1962-1987, only six cases merited an unequivocal anatomic diagnosis. Two other cases previously described proved on review to be nondiagnostic in one instance and Campylobacter pylori gastritis in the other. Because abnormalities in the secretion of gastric acid and in the loss of protein from the stomach may coexist, a representation of each case in semiquantitative terms can be described on triaxial coordinates. Three patients had a hypercoagulable state, one in association with gastric carcinoma. One other case of gastric carcinoma and one of esophageal carcinoma coexistant with Menetrier's disease were identified. Administration of subcutaneous heparin during the perioperative period to patients with Menetrier's disease is appropriate regardless of whether or not hypercoagulation or carcinoma is manifest. If treatment with anticholinergic drugs and inhibitors of gastric acid secretion fails, total gastrectomy is the best solution, because it stops protein loss, eliminates hyperchlorhydria, prevents development of gastric carcinoma, and permits anastomotic reconstruction between normal esophagus and normal small bowel.
Use of adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor prior to left ventricular assist device implantation is not associated with increased bleeding

Current guidelines recommend adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitors (ADPRi) be discontinued 5-7 days prior to cardiac surgery due to increased bleeding events, rates of re-exploration, and transfusions. However, the risks of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation in patients taking an ADPRi have not previously been studied. We retrospectively identified 134 eligible patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy that underwent LVAD implantation between July 2009 and August 2013. The cohorts received an ADPRi ≤5 days of surgery (n = 25) versus >5 days prior or not at all (n = 109). Subgroup analyses adjusted for differences in frequency of redo sternotomy between cohorts, excluded patients that received an ADPRi >1 year prior to surgery, and excluded patients with a redo sternotomy. The ADPRi and control groups did not have significant differences in the primary outcomes, intraoperative PRBC units transfused (3.0 vs. 4.0, p = 0.12) or chest tube output within 24 h of surgery (1.66 L vs. 1.80 L, p = 0.61). After adjusting for differences in frequency of redo sternotomy (ADPRi vs. control, 12 vs. 52%, p ≤ 0.001), no significant difference in PRBC units transfused (3.1 vs. 3.5, p = 0.59) or chest tube output (2.04 L vs. 2.04 L, p = 0.98) was seen. No significant difference in 30-day mortality (8.0 vs. 11.0%, p = 0.63), 90-day mortality (16.4 vs. 23.3%, p = 0.42), or length of stay (29.0 vs. 28.0, p = 0.61) was seen. In this single-center experience, use of an ADPRi ≤5 days prior to LVAD implantation was not associated with increased bleeding, length of stay, or mortality.
Determination and control of the dusting potential of feed premixes

Feed premixes usually contain highly effective ingredients. For different reasons it is suitable to determine a standard value for the quantity of the active ingredient(s) which is set free as dust.
RNA-seq analysis of the salt stress-induced transcripts in fast-growing bioenergy tree, Paulownia elongata

ABSTRACTPaulowina elongata is a fast-growing tree species is grown in different climates and types of soils. Environmental adaptability as well as high-yielding biomass make the P. elongata species an ideal candidate for biofuel production. High soil salinity is known to inhibit plant growth dramatically or leads to plant death. The purpose of this study was to characterize the salt-induced changes in the transcriptome of P. elongata. Transcriptome differences in response to salt stress were determined by RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) using next generation sequencing and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 645 genes were found to have significant altered expression in response to salt stress. Expression levels of a selective subset of these genes were chosen and confirmed using quantitative real-time PCR. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of salt-induced transcriptome analysis in P. elongata. The current study indicates that differential expression of a select group of genes of P. elongata...
The Role of Farmer Cooperatives in Public Good Provision

Public goods provisions are of extreme disparity between the urban and rural areas in China. Preferential policies lead public goods shrinking in a rural area. Some farmer cooperatives and collective behaviors at village level can effectively overcome the "free rider” problem and enhance the rural public goods provision. This study investigated the rural provision using survey data from in six provinces in China. These results suggest that villages with farmer cooperatives are likely to provide more public goods related to agricultural production, about 20%-30% on average more than villages without these cooperatives. While those positive impacts on public goods related to daily life and environmental improvement are relatively weak. Heterogeneities are found both on types of public goods and regions.
A positive readout single transcript reporter for site-specific mRNA cleavage

Cleavage of mRNA molecules causes their rapid degradation, thereby playing an important role in regulation of gene expression and host genome defense from viruses and transposons in bacterial and eukaryotic cells. Current negative-readout, and repressor-based positive-readout reporters of mRNA degradation have limitations. Here we report the development of a single transcript that acts as a positive reporter of mRNA cleavage. We show that placement of bacterial CopT and CopA hairpins into the 5′ UTR and 3′ UTR of an mRNA results in inhibition of translation of the intervening coding sequence in Drosophila. An internal poly(A) tract inserted downstream of the coding sequence stabilizes transcripts cut within the 3′ UTR. When these components are combined in a transcript in which targets sites for RNA cleavage are placed between the poly(A) tract and CopA, cleavage results in translational activation, providing a single transcript-based method of sensing mRNA cleavage with a positive readout.
Density Effects on Flux Measurements

Dry air is the media in which the turbulent diffusion of heat, water vapor, and trace gases takes place. Trace gases, such as carbon dioxide and gaseous pollutants, are passive scalars whose diffusion and transport do not alter the dynamic properties of the diffusion media. The same cannot be said of sensible heat and water vapor, which are active scalars. The sensible heat originated from the surface causes the boundary layer to become more unstable, which in turn makes the diffusion more efficient. Conversely, evaporative cooling of the surface and latent heat released by cloud condensation aloft push the boundary layer to a more stable state. These dynamic interactions are handled by the Reynolds mean conservation equations.
Visualloc: vision based localization using a single smart-bulb

Smartphones can derive position and orientation by decoding the VLC messages from three or more lights. To achieve this goal, VLC based positioning solutions like Luxapose [3] require all the COTS luminaires to be modified. We propose VisualLoc, a system that enables smartphones to derive position and orientation using a composite-bulb which consists of a single modified commodity luminaire attached to a microcontroller and additional ordinary bulbs arranged in some geometric fashion. The modified luminaire flashes rapidly advertising its global coordinates encoded in terms of light intensity changes imperceptible to human eyes. The relative closeness and/or ordering of the bulbs w.r.t the identified smart-bulb can be leveraged to uniquely map the bulbs. A smartphone camera identifies the composite-bulb from a short video feed and decodes its location. Using this information, the global coordinates and orientation of the camera can be obtained with sub-meter level accuracy.
Sums of Powers

We now turn to the relation between the Bernoulli polynomials and h-calculus. By Proposition 23.1, we have $$ D_1 B_n (x) = B_n (x + 1) - B_n (x) = nx^{n - 1} , $$ or $$ n\int {x^{n - 1} d_1 x = B_n (x),} $$ (24.1) where D1 is the h-derivative with h = 1 and ∝ f(x)d1x stands for the h-antiderivative with h=1. Applying the fundamental theorem of h-calculus (22.14), we have for a nonnegative integer n, $$ a^n + (a + 1)^n + \cdots + (b - 1)^n = \int_a^b {x^n d_1 x = \frac{{B_{n + 1} (b) - B_{n + 1} (a)}} {{n + 1}}} , $$ (24.2) where a < band b - a ∈ ℤ. If we rewrite the right-hand side using (23.5) and let a = 0, b = M + 1, we get $$ \sum\limits_{k = 0}^M {k^n } = \frac{1} {{n + 1}}\sum\limits_{j = 0}^n {\left( {_j^{n + 1} } \right)} (M + 1)^{n + 1 - j} b_j . $$ (24.3)
Consensus Analysis of Shared Beliefs Among Young Adults About Anonymity in Social Media

The social media ecosystem is constituted by platforms and applications with varying affordances for and rules regarding anonymity. How and why users use and how they percieve online anonymity remains a focus of social media and Internet research, including how beliefs about anonymity shape ---and are shaped by--- the behaviors of others on and beyond social media platforms. Our study contributes to knowledge about anonymity in online social platforms by exploring the shared beliefs of a sample of young adults about the recently-defunct platform Yik Yak. Findings from our mixed-methods study of students at a large university in the Southeastern United States suggest that young adults have shared beliefs about social media and anonymity, but the degree to which those beliefs are shared is tenuous. The specific of those beliefs are discussed in context of prior research about social media, anonymity and cyberbullying.
Memristor-Based Computing

This special issue contains two department articles and four peer-reviewed papers on memristors.
A Scalable, Flexible Augmentation of the Student Education Process.

We present a novel intelligent tutoring system which builds upon well-established hypotheses in educational psychology and incorporates them inside of a scalable software architecture. Specifically, we build upon the known benefits of knowledge vocalization, parallel learning, and immediate feedback in the context of student learning. We show that open-source data combined with state-of-the-art techniques in deep learning and natural language processing can apply the benefits of these three factors at scale, while still operating at the granularity of individual student needs and recommendations. Additionally, we allow teachers to retain full control of the outputs of the algorithms, and provide student statistics to help better guide classroom discussions towards topics that would benefit from more in-person review and coverage. Our experiments and pilot programs show promising results, and cement our hypothesis that the system is flexible enough to serve a wide variety of purposes in both classroom and classroom-free settings.
Longitudinal Drinking Patterns and Their Clinical Correlates in Million Veteran Program Participants.

Background A variety of measures have been developed to screen for hazardous or harmful drinking. The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) is one of the screening measures recommended by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Annual administration of the AUDIT-C to all primary care patients is required by the U.S. Veterans Affairs Health System. The availability of data from the repeated administration of this instrument over time in a large patient population provides an opportunity to evaluate the utility of the AUDIT-C for identifying distinct drinking groups. Methods Using data from the Million Veteran Program cohort, we modeled group-based drinking trajectories using 2,833,189 AUDIT-C scores from 495,178 Veterans across an average 6-year time period. We also calculated patients' age-adjusted mean AUDIT-C scores to compare to the drinking trajectories. Finally, we extracted data on selected clinical diagnoses from the electronic health record and assessed their associations with the drinking trajectories. Results Of the trajectory models, the 4-group model demonstrated the best fit to the data. AUDIT-C trajectories were highly correlated with the age-adjusted mean AUDIT-C scores (rs = 0.94). Those with an alcohol use disorder diagnosis had 10 times the odds of being in the highest trajectory group (consistently hazardous/harmful) compared to the lowest drinking trajectory group (infrequent). Those with hepatitis C, posttraumatic stress disorder, liver cirrhosis, and delirium had 10, 7, 21, and 34%, respectively, higher odds of being classified in the highest drinking trajectory group versus the lowest drinking trajectory group. Conclusions Trajectories and age-adjusted mean scores are potentially useful approaches to optimize the information provided by the AUDIT-C. In contrast to trajectories, age-adjusted mean AUDIT-C scores also have clinical relevance for real-time identification of individuals for whom an intervention may be warranted.
Accuracy, Scalability, and Efficiency of Mixed-Element USM3D for Benchmark Three-Dimensional Flows

The unstructured, mixed-element, cell-centered, finite-volume flow solver USM3D is enhanced with new capabilities including parallelization, line generation for general unstructured grids, improved discretization scheme, and optimized iterative solver. The paper reports on the new developments to the flow solver and assesses the accuracy, scalability, and efficiency. The USM3D assessments are conducted using a baseline method and the recent hierarchical adaptive nonlinear iteration method framework. Two benchmark turbulent flows, namely, a subsonic separated flow around a three-dimensional hemisphere-cylinder configuration and a transonic flow around the ONERA M6 wing are considered.
Younger age remains a risk factor for prolonged length of stay after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis.

Objective This study sets out to determine the influence of age at the time of surgery as a risk factor for post-operative length of stay after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. Methods All patients undergoing a Glenn procedure between January 2010 and July 2015 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Demographic data were examined. Standard descriptive statistics was used. A univariable analysis was conducted using the appropriate test based on data distribution. A propensity score for balancing the group difference was included in the multi-variable analysis, which was then completed using predictors from the univariable analysis that achieved significance of pl0.1. Results Over the study period, 50 patients met the inclusion criteria. Patients were separated into two cohorts of ⩾4 months (28 patients) and l4 months (22 patients). Other than height and weight, the two cohorts were indistinguishable in their pre-operative saturation, medications, catheterisation haemodynamics, atrioventricular valve regurgitation, and ventricular function. After adjusting group differences, younger age was associated with longer post-operative length of hospitalisation - adjusted mean 15 (±2.53) versus 8 (±2.15) days (p=0.03). In a multi-variable regression analysis, in addition to ventricular dysfunction (β coefficient=8.8, p=0.05), Glenn procedures performed before 4 months were independently associated with longer length of stay (β coefficient=-6.9, p=0.03). Conclusion We found that Glenn procedures performed after 4 months of age had shorter post-operative length of stay when compared to a younger cohort. These findings suggest that balancing timing of surgery to decrease the inter-stage period should take into consideration differences in post-operative recovery with earlier operations.
Parents ASSIST (Advancing Supportive and Sexuality-Inclusive Sex Talks): Iterative Development of a Sex Communication Video Series for Parents of Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Male Adolescents.

Effective parent–child sex communication enhances heterosexual youths’ efficacy to engage in health promotive behaviors, yet there is scarce research on parent–child sex communication with gay, bis...
Chapter 2 Introduction to Sperm Motility of Aquatic Animals

The purpose of this chapter is to present a historical point of view on sperm motility, showing how pioneer investigations using sea urchins as a model species gradually radiated to other aquatic species because of their ability to approach more specific questions.
Palliative care in the emergency department: A survey assessment of patient and provider perspectives.

Background:Palliative care has been identified as an area of low outpatient referral from our emergency department, yet palliative care has been shown to improve the quality of patient’s lives.Aim:...
Does National Culture Influence Peer Evaluations on Global Virtual Teams

Using Hofstede’s classification of national culture, this article examines whether culture influences peer evaluation of performance on global virtual teams (GVTs). Two separate analyses were condu...
A case of adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma arising in ectopic adrenal tissue: a multidisciplinary diagnostic challenge

Adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasm arising in ectopic adrenal tissue is a rare finding and presents as a unique diagnostic challenge. We report a case of a 26-year-old female who presented with vague left-sided abdominal pain and a large left retroperitoneal mass. She underwent exploratory laparotomy and resection of the mass and was diagnosed with extra-adrenal adrenocortical oncocytic carcinoma.
Abstract 14058: Sex-based Differences in Reported Payments to Cardiologists by Drug and Device Manufacturers

Introduction: Sex-based disparities in salaries and promotion in cardiovascular medicine are well known, but there is little data on industry compensation by sex. We attempted to explore sex differ...
Resisting Brown: Race, Literacy, and Citizenship in the Heart of Virginia: by Candace Epps-Robertson, Pittsburgh, PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 2018, 160 pp., $27.95 (paperback), ISBN 9780822965558.

The design of the roundtable on the state and future of African American rhetorical history at the 2019 conference of the National Communication Association was to review several recent volumes tha...
Playing Lottery Tickets with Vision and Language.

Large-scale transformer-based pre-training has recently revolutionized vision-and-language (V+L) research. Models such as LXMERT, ViLBERT and UNITER have significantly lifted the state of the art over a wide range of V+L tasks. However, the large number of parameters in such models hinders their application in practice. In parallel, work on the lottery ticket hypothesis has shown that deep neural networks contain small matching subnetworks that can achieve on par or even better performance than the dense networks when trained in isolation. In this work, we perform the first empirical study to assess whether such trainable subnetworks also exist in pre-trained V+L models. We use UNITER, one of the best-performing V+L models, as the testbed, and consolidate 7 representative V+L tasks for experiments, including visual question answering, visual commonsense reasoning, visual entailment, referring expression comprehension, image-text retrieval, GQA, and NLVR$^2$. Through comprehensive analysis, we summarize our main findings as follows. ($i$) It is difficult to find subnetworks (i.e., the tickets) that strictly match the performance of the full UNITER model. However, it is encouraging to confirm that we can find "relaxed" winning tickets at 50%-70% sparsity that maintain 99% of the full accuracy. ($ii$) Subnetworks found by task-specific pruning transfer reasonably well to the other tasks, while those found on the pre-training tasks at 60%/70% sparsity transfer universally, matching 98%/96% of the full accuracy on average over all the tasks. ($iii$) Adversarial training can be further used to enhance the performance of the found lottery tickets.
Morphologic differences in radial grooves on Martian layered (fluidized) ejecta: Implications for emplacement processes and conditions

Abstract Detailed morphologic and morphometric analysis of the radial grooves on Martian layered ejecta indicates that the grooves fall into three groups that correlate with different types of layered ejecta craters. We collected over 16,000 width and length measurements of 2402 radial grooves on the inner ejecta layers of 36 relatively fresh, layered ejecta craters. These include seven single layered ejecta craters (SLE), seven double layered Type-2 (DLE Type-2), ten double ejecta layer Type-1 (DLE-Type-1), and twelve multiple ejecta layer (MLE) test craters. These test craters are in the diameter range 8.3 km – 38.8 km for latitudes ranging from 45oS to 54oN. Radial grooves resembling longitudinal grooves in landslides throughout the solar system occur on all ejecta layers of SLE, DLE Type-2, and MLE craters (i.e., SDM grooves). This leads us to propose that SDM grooves are structures formed in flowing ejecta by the same processes that produce longitudinal grooves in landslides (e.g., shear and divergent flow). In contrast, the radial grooves on the inner and outer ejecta layers of DLE Type-1 are morphologically and morphometrically different from one another and from SDM grooves. The only type of geophysical flows that form grooves similar to grooves on the inner ejecta layers of DLE Type-1 craters are ones produced by high velocity (i.e., supersonic) blast surges associated with explosive volcanic eruptions (e.g., that occurred during the May 18th1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens USA). This leads us to propose that these Martian grooves are produced by high-speed outflow of particles and gas towards the last phase of crater formation. Furthermore, we propose that this high speed flow is generated when volatile-rich target materials slide into the crater cavity to mix with hot impactite. This generates a fuel-coolant explosion that creates a blast surge that subsequently produces the grooves on the inner ejecta layer. In addition, as the velocity of the outflow drops to subsonic outward of the inner ejecta layer, both erosion and deposition processes operate that result in deposition of a thin layer of material that contains channel-like grooves that are unique to this ejecta layer of this type of crater. This thin deposit is found on the outer ejecta layers, and beyond (on the terrain surrounding fresh DLE Type-1 craters). The production of these grooves on DLE Type-1 ejecta layers likely destroys and/or masks SDM grooves that may have initially formed on DLE Type-1 ejecta layers when they were initially emplaced as dense ground hugging flows.
Therapeutic benefit with caveats?: Analyzing social media data to understand the complexities of kratom use.

Abstract Background Mitragyna speciosa, referred to as “kratom”, is increasingly used in the United States for self-treating pain, psychiatric, and substance use disorder symptoms. It is used by some to attenuate opioid withdrawal and as a longer-term drug substitute. Most self-report data have come from online surveys, small in-person surveys, and case reports. These may not be representative of the broader kratom-using population. Purpose Analyze user-generated social media posts to determine if independent, descriptive accounts are generally consistent with prior U.S. kratom survey findings and gain a more nuanced understanding of kratom use patterns. Methods Reddit posts mentioning kratom from 42 subreddits between June 2019–July 2020 were coded by two independent raters. Findings Relevant posts (number of comments, upvotes, and downvotes) from 1274 posts comprised the final sample (n = 280). Of the 1521 codes applied, 1273 (83.69%) were concordant. Desirable kratom effects were described among a majority, but so too were adverse effects. Reports of kratom as acute self-treatment for opioid withdrawal were more prominent compared to longer-term opioid substitution. Quantitative analysis found higher kratom doses associated (p Conclusions Results validated many prior survey findings while illustrating complexities of kratom use that are not being fully captured and require continued investigation.
Efficient Ultra-broadband Optical Parametric Generation with Picojoule Pulse Energies

We demonstrate high-gain optical parametric generation in dispersion-engineered PPLN nanowaveguides with picojoules of pump pulse energy. When driven with >10 pJ, the generated signal exceeds 10% conversion efficiency and broadens to span an octave of bandwidth.