cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of multi-criteria decision making to linguistic quantifiers and aggregation means

Developments in Multi-Criteria (MCDM) and Multi-Expert decision-making allow for using linguistic quantifiers such as 'all', 'most', 'at least half' and similar terms as quantifiers for the decision. Additionally, new methods of aggregating the various opinions have been developed, giving the decision maker an increasingly large variety of options. This paper presents the concept of linguistic quantifiers and presents a collection of quantifiers with their associated weight functions. This paper explores the effect that the type of linguistic quantifier and the aggregation method used have on the ranking of alternatives. This study utilizes eleven linguistic quantifiers and four aggregation means using four well-documented MCDM problems. The results show that the effect of the linguistic quantifiers varies and some quantifiers have more impact on ranking of the alternatives then others. Additionally, the sensitivity of the decision made to the aggregation method is found to be relatively small. The study finds that the weighted harmonic mean is the most sensitive aggregation function to the changes of linguistic quantifiers. The results of this research allow the decision maker to choose the linguistic quantifier and aggregation method based on subjective belief without impeding the resulting decision.
Nerve growth factor induces the association of a 130-Kd phosphoprotein with its receptor in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells

To explore the molecular mechanisms of nerve growth factor (NGF) action, we have attempted to identify proteins that immunoprecipitate with the NGF receptor. An anti-NGF receptor antibody was developed that immunoprecipitated the 75-Kd receptor in PC-12 cells. In [35S]methionine-labeled cells lysed with nonionic detergent, immunoprecipitation with this antireceptor antisera specifically brought down several associated proteins, although prior treatment of cells with NGF produced no apparent change in the distribution of these proteins. However, in vitro phosphorylation assays of the immunoprecipitated complex revealed the presence of a serine kinase that phosphorylated two predominant substrates with Mrs of 60 and 130 Kd. Prior treatment of cells produced no change in the appearance of the 60-Kd phosphoprotein, but NGF did stimulate the appearance of the 130-Kd protein. This effect was observed with as little as 0.1 nM NGF and was maximal at 5 min, but declined thereafter. Prior treatment of cells with NGF did not increase the phosphorylation of enolase added exogenously to the immunoprecipitates, suggesting that this action of NGF may have reflected the hormone-dependent association of the 130-Kd protein with the receptor, rather than activation of a receptor-associated kinase. Thus the association of the NGF 75-Kd receptor with a 130-Kd protein may be involved in signal transduction for the growth factor, although the role of this receptor in the NGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation remains unclear.
Sedation without hydration can seriously damage your health.

Sedation without hydration came to my notice in 1990. I felt that I had witnessed euthanasia and was dismayed. Others have expressed similar concerns and have called the practice ‘terminal sedation’ or ‘slow euthanasia’ (Billings and Block, 1996; Shea, 2004).
Hornblende peridotite xenoliths from central Mexico reveal the highly oxidized nature of subarc upper mantle

Quaternary hornblende andesites have erupted along a fault zone near El Penon, central Mexico. One of these flows contains 1‐2 cm xenoliths of amphibole-rich spinel lherzolite and chromite websterite. These xenoliths are rare samples of subarc upper mantle from a region of continuing subduction, and they are the most oxidized mantle peridotites yet described (fayalitemagnetite-quartz +1.5 to 2.4). The abundant amphibole and high oxygen fugacities that characterize these xenoliths are significant because they provide direct evidence for metasomatism of the mantle wedge by slab-derived fluids. Phenocrysts of hornblende and lack of plagioclase phenocrysts in the host andesite indicate that it equilibrated with high water content (>8 wt%), and the presence of xenoliths implies rapid (26 km/day) ascent.
Nonnutritive, Low Caloric Substitutes for Food Sugars: Clinical Implications for Addressing the Incidence of Dental Caries and Overweight/Obesity

Caries and obesity are two common conditions affecting children in the United States and other developed countries. Caries in the teeth of susceptible children have often been associated with frequent ingestion of fermentable sugars such as sucrose, fructose, glucose, and maltose. Increased calorie intake associated with sugars and carbohydrates, especially when associated with physical inactivity, has been implicated in childhood obesity. Fortunately, nonnutritive artificial alternatives and non-/low-caloric natural sugars have been developed as alternatives to fermentable sugars and have shown promise in partially addressing these health issues. Diet counseling is an important adjunct to oral health instruction. Although there are only five artificial sweeteners that have been approved as food additives by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), there are additional five non-/low caloric sweeteners that have FDA GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe) designation. Given the health impact of sugars and other carbohydrates, dental professionals should be aware of the nonnutritive non-/low caloric sweeteners available on the market and both their benefits and potential risks. Dental health professionals should also be proactive in helping identify patients at risk for obesity and provide counseling and referral when appropriate.
Angioscopic Evaluation of Valvular Disruption During In Situ Saphenous Vein Bypass

Several valvulotomes are currently available to achieve valvular disruption; however, studies comparing the efficacy of these endoluminal instruments are lacking. This prospective study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the three most commonly employed valve cutters: the Hall, LeMaitre, and Mills valvulotomes. A total of 30 in situ greater saphenous vein bypass grafts were included in this investigation. Valvular disruption was attempted with either the LeMaitre (11 cases), Hall (12 cases), or Mills (7 cases) valvulotomes. Subsequently, angioscopy was employed to assess the completeness of valvulotomy and to identify vein wall injury. Incomplete disruption of one or more valve complexes was identified in 2 of 12 (17%) grafts in the Hall group, 10 of 11 (91%) grafts in the LeMaitre group, and 0 of 7 grafts in the Mills group (p < 0.01). Intact valve cusps were noted in 2 of 36 (5.5%) valves, 31 of 42 (74%) valves, and 0 of 38 valves after valvulotomy with the Hall, LeMaitre, and Mills instruments, respectively (p < 0.01). A total of three valvulotome-related injuries occurred; two injuries were noted in conjunction with the Hall instrument, one was associated with the Mills valvulotome, and no injuries were detected after use of the LeMaitre instrument (p = 0.33). These data demonstrated a significantly increased incidence of retained valve cusps when the LeMaitre valvulotome was used. No significant difference in the rate of vein wall injury was noted in the three groups. Thus this study suggests that the LeMaitre instrument is not as effective as either the Hall or Mills valvulotomes for achieving valvular disruption.
Equilibrium swelling behavior of dilute ionic hydrogels in electrolytic solutions

Abstract Swelling equations are used to analyze the crosslinked structure of ionic hydrogels in contact with water. The equilibrium swelling ratio or equilibrium polymer volume fraction is shown to be a function of the polymer compatibility (as determined by the χ1 factor), polymer structural parameters and the ionic nature of the hydrogels. Experimental swelling results for anionic hydrogels such as poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) can be predicted by this model.
Experimental verification of the simplified line-spring model

The recently developed simplified line-spring model is employed to obtain estimates of the crack opening displacement (COD) in surface cracked plates in tension and circumferentially cracked pipes in pure bending. The predictions of the model for the plate are compared to experimental data obtained from a series of tests on surface cracked X70 line pipe steel plates, on the other hand the results from the model for the pipe are compared to previously presented experimental and theoretical results. The simplified model seems to offer estimates of the COD which are in reasonably good agreement with both experimental data and existing theoretical results.
Two virtual labs to study genetic inheritance in the fruit fly.

A comparative review of two virtual labs to study genetic inheritance in the fruit fly: Virtual Courseware for Inquiry-based Science Education - Drosophila and Virtual Genetics Laboratory II (UMass Boston).
Phonon mechanisms and transformation paths in Pu.

A long-standing problem in Pu science is the crystallographic mechanism for the $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ ($\mathrm{fcc}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\text{monoclinic}}$) transformation. Orientation relations between the two structures impose severe restrictions on the possible mechanisms and require the transition to be reconstructive, which we describe as a sequence of three displacive transitions: $\mathrm{fcc}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\text{trigonal}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\text{hexagonal}}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\mathrm{\text{monoclinic}}$. We predict instabilities along the $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ and $\ensuremath{\Sigma}$ branches in the phonon dispersion of the $\ensuremath{\delta}$ phase and formulate a free energy to describe the displacement of atoms across the transition. We suggest that the $\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ transition in Pu lies at the threshold of a change in character of the orientation relationship from lighter to heavier actinides, correlating with changes in electron itinerancy, magnetism, and volume.
Occurrence and Significance of Multiple Mound Utilization by Colonies of the Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

Interrelationships of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, mounds were determined by direct observation of workers within subterranean foraging tunnels. Foraging tunnels radiating from active and inactive mounds were excavated to observe connections between mounds. Connections existed between active mounds, between active and inactive mounds, and between inactive mounds. Aggressive behavior was observed. Approximately 80% of all mounds observed (active or inactive) were connected to at least one other mound by subterranean foraging trails.
Can Contracts Enhance Participant Autonomy in Clinical Trials

In “Assessing the Remedy: The Case for Contracts in Clinical Trials,” Sarah Edwards (2011) gives a compelling argument for reconfiguring the researcher–subject relationship from a fiduciary arrange...
Testosterone and sex role identification in lesbian couples

Within the lesbian community there exists a common perception that lesbians comprise two types, "butch," having more masculine characteristics, and "femme," having more feminine characteristics. The present study investigated the question of whether these perceptions are reflected in different levels of the predominantly male hormone testosterone. Salivatory testosterone levels and "butch/femme" ratings were obtained from 28 lesbian couples. Individuals within couples tended to be opposite in "butch/femme" ratings [intraclass r(26) = -0.77, p < 0.0001] but similar in testosterone levels [intraclass r(26) = 0.47, p <0.01]. Also within couples, individuals with higher "butch" ratings had significantly higher testosterone levels, although across all individuals as a whole (ignoring couple pairing) there was no correlation between testosterone and "butch/femme" ratings. The results indicate that testosterone is related to "butch/femme" characteristics, but only when regarded within the couple relationship.
When uterine leiomyomas complicate uterine evacuation

Case: A 38-year-old G4P2012 woman at 12 weeks' gestation was referred to me for an abortion. She had been turned away by several providers due to the presence of a large lower uterine segment fibroid that made her cervix inaccessible. Her obstetric history was significant for two prior spontaneous vaginal deliveries and one spontaneous abortion. She had no other medical history and no prior surgeries. Pelvic ultrasound revealed a 12×9×8-cm fibroid in the posterior lower uterine segment. On physical exam, the fibroid displaced the cervix anteriorly between the fibroid and the pubic symphysis. The cervix was not visualizable by speculum exam, but was palpable on bimanual exam, just behind the symphysis pubis. The patient stated that she had been previously asymptomatic from the myoma. She had completed her childbearing. After counseling, the patient stated that she preferred to avoid major surgery and preferred to avoid a hysterectomy. I obtained consent from her for suction aspiration, dilation and evacuation (D&E), possibly laparotomy, possibly hysterotomy and possibly hysterectomy. Any suggestions for managing this patient would be appreciated! Respondent #1: I have had three instances of inaccessible cervix which became more axial and accessible after misoprostol: two were myomata and one was a duplicated reproductive system with the cervix in question displaced far anteriorly by the other cervix. Respondent #2: We had the “luxury” of a patient who desired no further pregnancies, mitigating the risks imposed by a classical scar on the uterus. If a large, posterior fibroid is truly obstructing the cervix, a hysterotomy to remove the fetal tissue can be a completely reasonable option. Abortion
The Labor Market Consequences of Childhood Maladjustment

Objective. This article uses data from the National Child Development Survey on a cohort of individuals born in Great Britain during the first week of March 1958 to investigate whether educational attainment and labor force behavior 33 years later are affected by childhood behavioral problems that are exhibited at both age 7 and age 16. Method. Regression methods are used to test hypotheses concerning these effects. Results. Our results indicate that maladjusted children suffer economically when they reach adulthood. Maladjusted children perform worse on aptitude tests and have lower educational attainment. Maladjusted children also are less likely to be employed at age 33 and to have lower wages when employed. Part of the reduced employment and wages is the result of lower education, but part is also due to other factors. Conclusion. Future research should investigate whether adult labor market outcomes vary with the type of behavioral problems exhibited at younger ages.
Physician collaboration in home health care

To better understand physician participation in home care, leaders of the American Academy of Home Care Physicians determined current physician home care attitudes and activities (house calls and agency referrals). Physicians who directly get involved with home care and make house calls have a greater likelihood to work with home health agencies. The key to success in physician collaboration is understanding what physicians need and providing services they have had a role in planning, implementing, and evaluating. Major educational initiatives will be required to prepare physicians for their collaborative role. Key words: home health care; physi cian home health attitudes, practices, and activities; physician home health agency referrals; physician house calls
Polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies exhibit antigenic mimicry of limited type 1 fimbrial proteins of Escherichia coli.

Abstract Polyclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-Ids)(fim) developed against idiotypes on antibodies (Ab-1s) that specifically bind structural, organelle fimbrial proteins of Escherichia coli were able to modulate immune function in anti-Id(fim)-immunized mice. Proliferation or suppression of splenic lymphoid cell responses by polyclonal anti-Ids in tissue culture appeared to be dose dependent. Anti-Ids were able to induce a dose-dependent T-cell-mediated immunity specific for type 1 fimbrial antigen(s) in immunized animals when assessed in vitro, but they failed to elicit in vivo positive ear-swelling skin reactions. Anti-Ids were unable to induce protective immunity against an in vivo infectious challenge with E. coli in anti-Id-immunized adult animals, but they stimulated a specific, secondary antibody response in anti-Id-challenged mice. Anti-Ids stimulated the development of anti-anti-Ids (Ab-3s) specifically binding a fimbrial antigen(s) and revealed the presence of antibody idiotypes binding E. coli adhesin proteins in the 27- to 29-kilodalton range. Results suggest discrete, but subtle, immunomodulatory effects of the anti-Ids and potential vaccinoid properties capable of stimulating a specific humoral and cellular response in vivo.
Analog macromodeling for combined resistive vias, resistive bridges, and capacitive crosstalk delay faults

The single stuck-at fault model is ineffective in detecting non-traditional resistive via, resistive bridge, and capacitive crosstalk coupling faults that cause timing failures in high-frequency digital circuits. We propose a new combined resistive via, resistive bridging, and capacitive coupling fault model. We use an analog macromodel of the fault to generate tests with a multiple delay, simulation-based, sequential path-delay fault digital fault simulator for automatic test-pattern generation (ATPG). The focus of this paper is the analog macromodels, whereas a companion paper (Chary and Bushnell, 2006) gives the ATPG method. We characterize the delay due to the via resistance and R and C couplings at the fault site, with many variations, using analog simulation and store this in the precomputed macromodel. The macromodel supplies the extra line delay resulting from the fault during ATPG, which eliminates analog simulation during fault simulation. Unlike Breuer (Chen et al., 2002), we use simulation-based sequential ATPG, rather than PODEM, with this macromodel to obtain more latitude and accuracy for complex fault models for deep submicron (DSM) circuits. We present the various validated analog macromodels for a 0.25 /spl mu/m TSMC MOSIS process.
Morphological variation of Pinus flexilis (Pinaceae), a bird-dispersed pine, across a range of elevations.

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) grows across a wider range of elevations than any other tree species in the central Rockies, from ;1600 m at Pawnee Buttes to .3300 m at Rollins Pass. In this study we investigated two possible explanations for limber pine’s success across a broad range of elevations: (1) the sites on which it is found, although separated by .1000 m elevation, may not be very different with respect to environmental factors that affect tree growth, and (2) limber pine growth is insensitive to environmental factors that change with elevation. We compared site characteristics of 12 limber pine stands at elevations ranging from 1630 to 3328 m as well as the growth and morphology of trees in each of these stands. Mean daily air temperature in July decreased linearly with the elevation of the site from 22.88 to 12.68C. The growth and morphology of limber pine leaves, shoots, and trees were, in general, not related to the elevation or July mean air temperature of the sites. There was, however, a significant decrease in stomatal density with increasing elevation, which may be an acclimational response to restrict water loss at high elevations. Our data suggest that the fundamental and realized niche of limber pine is broad with respect to air temperature. In light of the high gene flow and only slight genetic differentiation among populations of species with bird-dispersed seeds, such as limber pine, it is especially unusual to see similar growth throughout an environmental gradient. Physiological and anatomical plasticity or wide physiological tolerance ranges may enable limber pine to uncouple its growth from its environment. Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) ranges in latitude from 338 Nt o 518N and in elevation from 870 m in North Dakota to ;3400 m in Colorado (Burns and Honkala, 1990). In the northern Rocky Mountains and west, limber pine is generally found at lower elevations with whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) occupying the higher elevations. In the southern Rocky Mountains limber pine grows at high-elevation sites and is displaced at the lower elevations by southwestern white pine (Pinus strobiformisEngelm.). In the central Rocky Mountains limber pine grows from below the lower tree line to the upper tree line, from ;1600 m at Pawnee Buttes to .3300 m at Rollins Pass. Limber pine’s elevational range is wider than any co-occurring tree species (Table 1). In the central Rocky Mountains, it is associated at low elevations with ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.), Rocky Mountain juniper (Juniperus scopulorumSarg.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), whereas at high elevations its associates include lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ssp. latifolia Engelm.), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata Bailey), and Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.). Why is limber pine able to exist in such a variety of locations, alongside species that are much more restricted in their elevational distribution?
Direct measurement of local stress in first-level flip-chip organic packages

Finite element models are greatly relied on by the packaging community to predict stresses that develop within microelectronic packages. While of great value, model predictions do not always accurately predict or explain package failures. Particularly, there has been much discussion about which models best describe the behavior of polymeric composites such as the underfill. Additionally, current models do not account for material heterogeneity and non-perfect geometries which are conditions commonly seen in real packages. How such imperfections impact local stresses that often drive failure is unknown. We therefore present a method of directly measuring local stresses in the underfill region using carbon nanotubes as sensors and show how this method can be used to improve finite element models and to assess the impact of conditions that are difficult to model.
In Vitro Effect of Adrenal Steroids on Carbohydrate Synthesis in Liver of Pyridoxine-Deficient Rats

Adrenal steroid hormones stimulate hepatic gluconeogenesis when administered in vivo or when incubated with liver slices in vitro. The steroids also cause increased activity of the liver glutamic pyruvic transaminase (LGPT), and it has been postulated that this is the mechanism through which the hormones alter carbohydrate metabolism. To test this hypothesis, the effect of adrenal steroids on carbohydrate synthesis in liver slices from pyridoxine-deficient rats was determined since pyridoxal phosphate is coenzyme for the LGPT. Effect of the hormones on gluconeogenesis in pyridoxine-deficient liver tissue was equal to that observed previously in normal rat liver and was greater than that which occurred in liver of pair-weighed controls. These findings suggest that increased carbohydrate formation which is induced by adrenocortical hormones may be unrelated to the effect of the steroids on LGPT activity (Endocrinology 74: 742, 1964)
Identifying Subgroups at High Risk of Dropping Out of Domestic Batterer Treatment: The Buffering Effects of a High School Education

This study identifies the subgroups of domestic batterers who are at a low or high risk of failing to complete domestic batterer cognitive behavioral treatment. The sample is composed of 355 domestic batterers ordered to complete treatment, with 31.8% not completing treatment. Three subgroups of batterers were identified as having at least a 60% chance of treatment failure: (a) unemployed generalized aggressors, (b) high school dropouts ordered into substance abuse treatment, and (c) unemployed offenders ordered into substance abuse treatment. Furthermore, a high school education, even when offenders are unemployed or living in poverty, buffers the negative effects of a substance abuse problem among court-mandated batterers required to participate in both domestic violence treatment and substance abuse treatment. Two thirds of substance-abusing high school graduates completed both domestic violence and substance abuse treatment, compared to only one third of the substance-abusing high school dropouts. Implications are discussed.
Location and analysis of byssal structural proteins of Mytilus edulis

The acellular attachment organ (byssus) of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis L. is composed of threads that emanate from the body of the mussel to adhesive discs that anchor the threads to rocks, sand and other mussels. Three proteins have been purified by immunohistological methods and located to specific regions of the byssus. A collagenous protein with subunit molecular weights of 53,000, 55,000 and 65,000 is found in the matrix of the elastic thread region. Its 73,000-MW precursor was extracted from foot glands in the area proximal to the animal body and was identified by immune cross-reactivity. A cystine-rich, acidic protein was found in all regions of the byssus associated with a third protein, the polyphenolic protein. The L-dopa-containing polyphenolic protein appears in the cortex of the entire thread and adhesive plaque and at the substrate-plaque interface. Antiserum to this protein stains spherical vesicles in the phenol gland of the foot. Using immuno-electrophoretic methods, the polyphenolic protein and the cystine-rich protein were shown to form high molecular weight aggregates with aging of the byssus.
In Vitro Selection of Mutations in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase That Decrease Susceptibility to (−)-β-d-Dioxolane-Guanosine and Suppress Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates resistant to (−)-β-d-dioxolane-guanosine (DXG), a potent and selective nucleoside analog HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitor, were selected by serial passage of HIV-1LAI in increasing drug concentrations (maximum concentration, 30 μM). Two independent selection experiments were performed. Viral isolates for which the DXG median effective concentrations (EC50s) increased 7.3- and 12.2-fold were isolated after 13 and 14 passages, respectively. Cloning and DNA sequencing of the RT region from the first resistant isolate identified a K65R mutation (AAA to AGA) in 10 of 10 clones. The role of this mutation in DXG resistance was confirmed by site-specific mutagenesis of HIV-1LAI. The K65R mutation also conferred greater than threefold cross-resistance to 2′,3′-dideoxycytidine, 2′,3′-dideoxyinosine, 2′,3′-dideoxy-3′-thiacytidine, 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, 2-amino-6-chloropurine dioxolane, dioxolanyl-5-fluorocytosine, and diaminopurine dioxolane but had only marginal effects on 3′-azido-3′-deoxthymidine (AZT) susceptibility. However, when introduced into a genetic background for AZT resistance (D67N, K70R, T215Y, T219Q), the K65R mutation reversed the AZT resistance. DNA sequencing of RT clones derived from the second resistant isolate identified the L74V mutation, previously reported to cause ddI resistance. The L74V mutation also decreased the AZT resistance when the mutation was introduced into a genetic background for AZT resistance (D67N, K70R, T215Y, T219Q) but to a lesser degree than the K65R mutation did. These findings indicate that DXG and certain 2′,3′-dideoxy compounds (e.g., ddI) can select for the same resistance mutations and thus may not be optimal for use in combination. However, the combination of AZT with DXG or its orally bioavailable prodrug (−)-β-d-2,6-diaminopurine-dioxolane should be explored because of the suppressive effects of the K65R and L74V mutations on AZT resistance.
Prediction of pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

Summary Background Reliable, noninvasive approaches to the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are needed. We tested the hypothesis that the forced vital capacity to diffusing capacity ratio and room air resting pulse oximetry may be combined to predict mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Methods Sixty-one idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis patients with available right-heart catheterization were studied. We regressed measured MPAP as a continuous variable on pulse oximetry ( S pO 2 ) and percent predicted forced vital capacity (FVC) to percent-predicted diffusing capacity ratio (% FVC/% DL co ) in a multivariable linear regression model. Results Linear regression generated the following equation: MPAP=−11.9+0.272× S pO 2 +0.0659×(100− S pO 2 ) 2 +3.06×(% FVC/% DL co ); adjusted R 2 =0.55, p Conclusions A pulmonary hypertension predictor based on room air resting pulse oximetry and FVC to diffusing capacity ratio has a relatively high negative predictive value. However, this model will require external validation before it can be used in clinical practice.
Micro-contact printed MEMS

We report a new method for fabricating thin (140 nm thick) suspended metal films in MEMS. Our MEMS fabrication process employs micro-contact printing. It avoids the use of solvents and etchants, obviating the need for deep reactive-ion etching and other harsh chemical treatments. Solvent absence during fabrication also avoids the deleterious effects of MEMS stiction that can result during wet processing. Elevated temperature processing is also avoided to enable MEMS fabrication on flexible polymeric substrates. Thin films up to 0.78 mm2 in area are fabricated and the deflection of 25 µm diameter films is demonstrated. These films can be utilized in pressure sensors, microphones, deformable mirrors, tunable optical cavities, and large-area arrays of MEMS sensors.
Self-assessment in the measurement of public health workforce preparedness for bioterrorism or other public health disasters.

Objective.The purpose of this study was to examine effective ways to evaluate public health workers' competence for preparedness.Methods.The Public Health Ready project, developed by the National A...
Bronchial Brushing through the Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscope in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Pulmonary Lesions

Bronchial brushing was performed concomitantly with transnasal flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy in 44 patients with localized peripheral pulmonary lesions and absence of visible bronchial abnormality down to subsegmental level. Fluoroscopic confirmation of brush placement was obtained. A diagnosis of malignancy was made by bronchial brushing in 12 of 23 patients (52 percent) proved to have neoplasm, although diagnostic accuracy rose to six of seven patients (86 percent) in the final quarter of the study. There was no relationship between diagnostic accuracy and tumor location. Diagnostic accuracy was highest for squamous cell carcinoma, intermediate for adenocarcinoma, and lowest for undifferentiated carcinoma. A diagnosis of tuberculosis was made in two of 21 patients found not to have malignancy, and bronchial brushing was the only procedure to yield diagnostic material in these two patients. There were no false-positive cytologic examinations and no complications. Fluoroscopic control of placement of the bronchial brush passed through the fiberoptic bronchoscope allows a single, highyield, diagnostic procedure to be performed with minimal risk to the patient In selected cases, thoracotomy may be avoided by this procedure.
Optimizing the design of photorefractive MQW devices

A study of tradeoffs in device design to maximize diffraction efficiency, sensitivity and resolution, based on an analytical model for device resolution that includes limitations from photocarrier drift. Extended to distributed photorefractive devices.
Fat‐Saturated MR Imaging in the Detection of Inflammatory Facet Arthropathy (Facet Synovitis) in the Lumbar Spine

Objective. The objectives of the study were: to illustrate the magnetic resonance (MR) imaging appearance of facet synovitis in the lumbar region using an MR fat-saturation technique; to determine how commonly facet synovitis is encountered when fat-saturation techniques are used; to classify the MR appearance of facet synovitis; and to test the correlation between the location of a lesion and the site of the patient’s pain. Design. In total, 209 consecutive MR studies of the lumbar spine were retrospectively reviewed to document the prevalence of lumbar facet synovitis in daily imaging practice. The degree of facet synovitis was graded. Medical records of 30 additional symptomatic patients with MR evidence of unilateral, single-level facet synovitis were reviewed to determine the side of the patient’s clinical symptoms. Results. Facet synovitis occurred in 41% of lumbar MR studies reviewed. No patient reviewed had evidence of active infection. Most often, signal changes were restricted to the affected joint. The side of the facet synovitis correlated with the side of the patient’s clinical symptoms. Conclusion. Facet synovitis is a common condition and appears to correlate with the patient’s pain. Detection of active inflammatory facet osteoarthropathy (facet synovitis) within and surrounding the facet joints is possible with MR imaging using a fat-saturation technique.
Longitudinal effects of maturation on lower extremity joint stiffness in adolescent athletes.

Background: Yearly changes in active joint stiffness may help explain when neuromuscular sex differences emerge in adolescent athletes that may relate to increased anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in females.Hypothesis: Pubertal males would demonstrate increases in knee stiffness while pubertal females would not. Second, postpubertal female athletes would have significantly lower knee joint stiffness than postpubertal male athletes.Study Design: Cohort Study; Level of Evidence 2 and Cross-Sectional Study; Level of Evidence 3.Methods: Two hundred sixty-five females and 50 males participated in 2 testing sessions approximately 1 year apart. The subjects were classified as either pubertal (n = 182, age 12.4 ± 0.9 years) or postpubertal (n = 133, age 14.5 ± 1.4 years) based on the modified Pubertal Maturational Observational Scale at each visit. Active joint stiffness of the ankle, knee, and hip was estimated during a drop vertical jump. Stiffness was calculated as the slope of the moment-angle curve fr...
Performance modeling using anthropometry for minority population

The purpose of this study is to develop predictive models for grip strength, dexterity and manipulability, for four minority populations using anthropometry. A total of sixty subjects representing Hispanics, African Americans, Asian Indians and Vietnamese participated in this study. Subjects performed the three tasks for the following five hand conditions: bare hand, cotton gloves, Kevlar gloves, leather gloves and vinyl gloves. Grip strength was measured using a standard Jamar hand dynamometer. A pegboard task was used to measure the dexterity of the subjects. Manipulability was measured using knot-tying task. Models were developed with linear modeling techniques. Hand breadth was found to be the most contributing factor for all the three tasks.
Appropriate growth policy: a unifying framework

In this lecture, we use Schumpeterian growth theory, where growth comes from qualityimproving innovations, to elaborate a theory of growth policy and to explain the growth gap between Europe and the US. Our theoretical apparatus systematizes the case-by-case approach to growth policy design. The emphasis is on three policy areas that are potentially relevant for growth in Europe, namely: competition and entry, education, and macropolicy. We argue that higher entry and exit (higher firm turnover) and increased emphasis on higher education are more growth-enhancing in countries that are closer to the technological frontier. We also argue that countercyclical budgetary policies are more growth-enhancing in countries with lower financial development. The analysis thus points to important interaction effects between policies and state variables, such as distance to frontier or financial development, in growth regressions. Finally, we argue that the other endogenous growth models, namely the AK and product variety models, fail to account for the evidence on the relationship between competition, education, volatility, and growth, and consequently cannot deliver relevant policy prescriptions in the three areas we consider. (JEL: O20, O30, O40)
Confrontation and Rejection of an Evil Spirit in a Therapy Session

This article describes a professional case in which both the therapist and the client experienced the phenomenon of an "evil spirit" during a regular therapy session. Both the account of the therapist's perceptions and also of the client's are included. A commentary follows by the therapist. (Presented at the AMCAP Convention 6 April 1984.)
The Culture of Established Clones for Neurobiologic Investigation

This chapter will introduce the reader to the use of established clones for neurobiologic investigation. A clone is a population of cells descended from a single cell, and it is therefore a relatively homogeneous population. An established clone is one that has the ability to divide indefinitely in culture, a property that distinguishes it from a primary cell line. Some established clones possess levels of neurotransmitter metabolizing enzymes comparable to those found in vivo (Table I). In addition, the culture of these clones is the easiest and probably the most reproducible method in tissue culture.
Neatly-Penned Memorials: Dora Wordsworth's Journal of 1828 and the Community of Authorship

(2001). Neatly-Penned Memorials: Dora Wordsworth's Journal of 1828 and the Community of Authorship. a/b: Auto/Biography Studies: Vol. 17, Private Lives/Public Texts: Women's Literary Diaries and Journals, pp. 65-80.
Metabolism of radioactive para-aminobenzoic acid in an Escherichia coli mutant.

SummaryRadioactive p-aminobenzoic acid has been incubated with an x-ray mutant of Escherichia coli which requires this substance as a growth factor. By column chromatography 4 soluble radioactive fractions have been isolated from the cell bodies of the organism, none of them consisting of the original substrate. Two of the fractions possess citrovorum factor activity, but none of them are identical with folic acid, citrovorum factor or certain of its derivatives.
Wartime Cataloging of Motion Picture Film

The problems and techniques concerned with locating scenes and other data in motion picture films after they have been deposited in the vaults of The National Archives in Washington are discussed and illustrated. The method is divided into two considerations: work which under the present man-power crisis must be done quickly, and work which may reasonably be postponed. The technique involves a “reference summary” which supplies the headline of the story and pertinent information, both of which may be read with a glance by the searcher. — A subject index card is another finding medium described. Compiled directly from the reference summary, the index card lists particular subjects found in a particular film, and gives the film's call or reference number. — Experimental work is being done at The National Archives on still another finding tool called a “reference film strip.” Consisting of one frame for each title and for each important scene or subject, printed in sequence, it permits the searcher to see photographically the contents of the motion picture involved. The emphasis which this paper intends, however, is in behalf of the reference summary and the subject index file which should be created first to provide the searcher with the essential facts of his quest.
Synthesis of Eukaryotic Translation Elongation Inhibitor Lactimidomycin via Zn(II)-Mediated Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons Macrocyclization

An enantioselective synthesis of potent eukaryotic translation elongation inhibitor lactimidomycin has been accomplished in 21 linear steps. This synthesis features a Zn(II)-mediated Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction that could be executed on a large scale to provide the highly strained 12-membered lactimidomycin macrolactone.
Experimental infections with Coxsackie viruses. I. Studies on virulence and pathogenesis in Cynomolgus monkeys.

Eighty-seven monkeys were inoculated by 4 different routes with 7 strains of Coxsackie virus. The majority of the monkeys (84 per cent) developed evidence of infection adduced either by development of antibodies, occurrence of viremia or presence of characteristic anatomical lesions in CNS tissues. While the clinical characteristics differed between strains the general nature of the infection was similar for each virus.
MYOCARDIAL PERFUSION NETWORK ANALYSIS BY CARDIAC COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY AS A NOVEL METRIC FOR IDENTIFICATION OF HIGH-GRADE ANATOMIC CORONARY STENOSIS

Myocardial perfusion is directed by blood flow through a network of inter-connected coronary arteries, and can be evaluated by cardiac computed tomographic angiography (CCTA). Whether myocardial perfusion network analysis can be used to augment the diagnostic accuracy of CCTA for identification of
Computer model predicting breakthrough febrile urinary tract infection in children with primary vesicoureteral reflux

Introduction and objective Factors influencing the decision to surgically correct vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) include risk of breakthrough febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) or renal scarring, and decreased likelihood of spontaneous resolution. Improved identification of children at risk for recurrent fUTI may impact management decisions, and allow for more individualized VUR management. We have developed and investigated the accuracy of a multivariable computational model to predict probability of breakthrough fUTI in children with primary VUR. Study design Children with primary VUR and detailed clinical and voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG) data were identified. Patient demographics, VCUG findings including grade, laterality, and bladder volume at onset of VUR, UTI history, presence of bladder-bowel dysfunction (BBD), and breakthrough fUTI were assessed. The VCUG dataset was randomized into a training set of 288 with a separate representational cross-validation set of 96. Various model types and architectures were investigated using neUROn++, a set of C++ programs. Results Two hundred fifty-five children (208 girls, 47 boys) diagnosed with primary VUR at a mean age of 3.1 years (±2.6) met all inclusion criteria. A total 384 VCUGs were analyzed. Median follow-up was 24 months (interquartile range 12-52 months). Sixty-eight children (26.7%) experienced 90 breakthrough fUTI events. Dilating VUR, reflux occurring at low bladder volumes, BBD, and history of multiple infections/fUTI were associated with breakthrough fUTI (Table). A 2-hidden node neural network model had the best fit with a receiver operating characteristic curve area of 0.755 for predicting breakthrough fUTI. Discussion The risk of recurrent febrile infections, renal parenchymal scarring, and likelihood of spontaneous resolution, as well as parental preference all influence management of primary VUR. The genesis of UTI is multifactorial, making precise prediction of an individual child's risk of breakthrough fUTI challenging. Demonstrated risk factors for UTI include age, gender, VUR grade, reflux at low bladder volume, BBD, and UTI history. We developed a prognostic calculator using a multivariable model with 76% accuracy that can be deployed for availability on the Internet, allowing input variables to be entered to calculate the odds of an individual child developing a breakthrough fUTI. Conclusions A computational model using multiple variables including bladder volume at onset of VUR provides individualized prediction of children at risk for breakthrough fUTI. A web-based prognostic calculator based on this model will provide a useful tool for assessing personalized risk of breakthrough fUTI in children with primary VUR.
Efficacy of Citalopram Combined with Low-dose Amitriptyline and Paroxetine in the Treatment of Depression

Objective To study value and safety of the citalopram combined with low-dose amitriptyline and parosetine in the treatment of depression.Methode Collecting form January 2009 to October 2009in our hospotal out-patient and hospitalization in patients with depression,112 cases were randomly divided into combined low dose of citalopram parosetine amitriptyline group and 56 cases were rand groups,treatment for 6 weeks using hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD)and adverse reactions Scale (TESS)in the treatment of pre-and post assessment of 1,2,4,6weekend efficacy and adverse reactions of drugs.Results Citalopram combined with low-dose amitriptyline and paroxetine in the treatment groups 1~2weeks befor and aftet the HAMD score difference was significant (P 0.05),citalopram combined with 46.43%,differenct between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion Citalopram combined with low-dose amitripty but combined with low -Dose of citalopram amitriptylion drutg of choice. Key words: Depression; Citalopram combined with low-dose amitriptyline; paroxetine
Treatment and Prevention

Publisher Summary This chapter stresses on treatment and prevention of genetic disorders. Gene therapy is used in the treatment of metastatic melanoma and adenosine deaminase deficiency. It has been defined as modifying the structure or function of genes to control or cure disease. This implies the alteration of enough somatic cells to ameliorate the disorder. If germ cells are modified by gene correction or addition, then may be the alteration can be passed to future generations. Gene addition, gene replacement, and gene repair technique have indeed been used to treat complex genetic disorders that have communicative consequences. Primary prevention means that the event or condition simply did not happen. There are many familiar examples of primary prevention. Inoculations against disease are very effective primary preventers. Seat belts and bicycle helmets are intended to prevent injuries to head and face, and to prevent death. Secondary prevention refers to early identification and, thereby, early intervention. Primary prevention prevents pathology; secondary prevention prevents pathology from becoming impairment or prevents impairment from becoming a disability; and tertiary prevention means habilitation or rehabilitation. Habilitation becomes prevention when the disorder is ameliorated or repaired.