cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Short-term freeway traffic parameter prediction

Three Grey System theory models for short term traffic speed prediction studied.The grey models demonstrated better accuracy than other tested nonlinear models.The Verhulst model with Fourier error correction demonstrates the best accuracy.The simpler derivations can allow the algorithms to be placed on portable devices.Well-defined mathematics of models can allow alteration for multidimensional data. Intelligent transportation systems applications require accurate and robust prediction of traffic parameters such as speed, travel time, and flow. However, traffic exhibits sudden shifts due to various factors such as weather, accidents, driving characteristics, and demand surges, which adversely affect the performance of the prediction models. This paper studies possible applications and accuracy levels of three Grey System theory models for short-term traffic speed and travel time predictions: first order single variable Grey model (GM(1,1)), GM(1,1) with Fourier error corrections (EFGM), and the Grey Verhulst model with Fourier error corrections (EFGVM). Grey models are tested on datasets from California and Virginia. They are compared to nonlinear time series models. Grey models are found to be simple, adaptive, able to deal better with abrupt parameter changes, and not requiring many data points for prediction updates. Based on the sample data used, Grey models consistently demonstrate lower prediction errors over all the time series improving the accuracy on average about 50% in Root Mean Squared Errors and Mean Absolute Percent Errors.
Resource allocation through network architecture in systems of systems: A complex networks framework

Traditional systems engineering methods and theories are not sufficient for analyzing and explaining the dynamics of the resource allocation for Systems of Systems (SoS) with autonomous parts. This paper introduces a framework, using complex network models, for studying the interaction of autonomous components and the design of the system connectivity structure in SoS as well as their impact on resource management. The framework introduced in this paper explicitly incorporates costs of connection and the benefits that are received by direct and indirect access to resources and provides measures of the optimality of connectivity structures. We discuss central and a distributed schemes that, respectively, represent systems in which a central planner decides the connectivity structure and systems in which distributed components are allowed to add and sever connections to optimize their own resource access.
Application of Symbolic Computation in Analytic Determination of the Null Space of Human Arm Kinematics

In this report, the explicit formulation for the Jacobian matrix and its null space for an anthropomorphic manipulator arm with seven degrees of freedom are presented. The manipulability index of this redundant system, which is defined as the determinant of JJT. is the Euclidian norm of the generated null space vector. The results, without a computer symbolic manipulation, would have been highly unlikely. It is hoped that these results would contribute to the research in the fields of biomanipulation, cybernetics and redundant manipulation.
Atherogenic index of plasma and the gamma gap: Considerations by physical activity

Abstract Background Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), calculated as LOG 10 (triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol), is utilized to predict risk of cardiovascular disease. An elevated (≥3.1g/dL) gamma gap (total protein (g/dL) – albumin (g/dL)) is associated with cardiovascular disease. No previous studies have evaluated the association between AIP and the gamma gap. Consequentially, the purpose of this study was to explore this association, with considerations by moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), which may plausibly be associated with both AIP and gamma gap. Methods Data from the 1999–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were used (N=6681 adults 20–85yrs). AIP was assessed from a blood sample, physical activity was self-reported via a survey assessing leisure-time physical activity over the previous 30-days, and the gamma gap was evaluated by subtracting albumin from total protein using the Hitachi Model 704 multichannel analyzer. Results Participants with an elevated (>0.24 vs. Conclusion AIP and gamma gap are positively associated, however MVPA does not appear to influence this association.
Extended abstract: Effectively teaching presentations to large numbers of engineering and science students

Much research has gone into developing different strategies for teaching writing and speaking to engineering and science students. However, many of these strategies are designed for semester-long courses, in which a communication expert teaches fewer than 30 students. This extended abstract describes a study in which we test a different strategy for effectively teaching presentations to large numbers of engineering and science students in a relatively short time. Because the strategy calls for students to use the assertion-evidence approach, as opposed to the common topic-subtopic practice, the strategy is challenging. In our study, we are testing the strategy in four large student populations in workshops ranging from two days to one week.
Query-expansion Approaches for Microblog Retrieval

The School of Information and Library Science at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill submitted three runs to the “Scenario B” task of the TREC 2015 Microblog Track. The task simulates a scenario where a user specifies a topic of interest in the form of a keyword query and the system produces daily updates with at most 100 tweets about the topic of interest. Systems were responsible for monitoring a stream of tweets and making daily predictions for a set of 250 interest profiles. Each interest profile was in the form of a short keyword query. Systems were asked to produce a ranking of at most 100 tweets per interest profile at the end of each day (shortly after midnight). The evaluation period extended a 10-day period from July 20 to July 29, 2015. All tweets published between 00:00:00 to 23:59:59 UTC were valid candidates for each day of the evaluation period. Our team submitted three runs for “Scenario B”. All runs were automatic runs and used the interest profile title field as the input query. We explored three di↵erent ways of enriching the query representation through query expansion. In two of our runs (UNCSILS WRM and UNCSILS TRM), we scored tweets proportional to the negative KL-divergence between a relevance model generated from an external collection and the tweet language model. These two runs mainly di↵er by the external collection used to generate a relevance model for interest profile query. In our UNCSILS WRM run, we used an external Wikipedia corpus, and in our UNCSILS TRM run, we used a corpus of tweets collected during a three-week period prior to the evaluation period. In our third run (UNCSILS HRM), we aimed to expand the query with related hashtags.
Growing Up on an Appalachian Farm: A Centenarian Perspective.

Background Research on centenarians to date has focused on areas with a high population of centenarians. However, there is limited literature on centenarians' perspectives about growing up on farms from the heartland of Appalachia in Eastern Tennessee. Purpose This qualitative descriptive study was designed to characterize the role of a farming childhood by exploring the viewpoints of community-dwelling centenarians who grew up on farms in south central Appalachia. Methods A qualitative descriptive design was used with a convenience sample ( n = 16). Cognitive status was determined with the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire. Demographic data were collected. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed with the Neuendorf method of content analysis. Results Main emerging themes were the farm, the family, and the environment. Conclusion The farm was at the center of these centenarians' childhood, influencing their family, community relations, and social interactions, which provided lessons that they utilized throughout their long lives.
Physical and optical properties of Ce:YAG nanophosphors and transparent ceramics and observation of novel luminescence phenomenon

Ce doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Ce:YAG) is an important photonic material that is used as a yellow phosphor for white light emitting diodes. In this work, the physical and optical properties of Ce:YAG nanophosphors are investigated and the effects of high-temperature thermal treatments and annealing atmospheres on the particle size and luminescence intensity are discussed. Furthermore, photo-luminescence (PL) was measured as a function of temperature and compared with PL from Ce:YAG single crystals and transparent ceramics to understand the mechanism of luminescence decay with temperature. While the characteristics of PL emission as a function of temperature for single crystals and NPs are similar and follow common decay trends, Ce:YAG transparent ceramics exhibit an interesting unusual increase in PL with temperature. We explained this unique novel behavior by a 4-step mechanism involving localized states in the band gap, and provided evidence from thermo-luminescence measurements to support this interpretation. The work reveals a new luminescence phenomenon arising from the overlap of PL and TL emissions; this phenomenon is most likely characteristic of transparent ceramics.
5 Fungal Chromatin and Its Role in Regulation of Gene Expression

Changes in chromatin structure and composition are now recognized as important for gene regulation, especially the initiation of transcription, for which access to the transcriptional start sites of genes is required. While there is a rich literature centered on hemiascomycetous yeasts, less is known about the filamentous fungi, although they seem ideally suited for comparative chromatin biology. This chapter summarizes current knowledge of chromatin components, in particular the histones, and reviews recent advances in the study of histone modification enzymes of filamentous fungi. Two major topics drive the field forward in the fungi: the study of formation and maintenance of constitutive heterochromatin and studies on histone modification-mediated transcriptional regulation geared predominantly toward the expression of “cryptic” gene clusters that generate secondary metabolites. These clusters present perhaps the best example of “facultative heterochromatin” in the filamentous fungi. Study of these large regions promises to fill the existing gaps in our current knowledge about chromatin-mediated gene regulation in filamentous fungi, now undertaken by a combination of genomic, transcriptomic, and metabolomic resources.
Skin and Bone: Beauty as Critical Praxis:

That so many hegemonic constructs have been devised to exoticize and belittle beauty should be evidence enough that something about beauty is devastating to power, something just below the skin. An...
TURNOVER OF THE MAJOR PROTEINS OF RAT ERYTHROCYTES

We have examined turnover of erythrocyte proteins of the rat in vivo by administering 2−14C-glycine intraveneously and following incorporation into each of seven major proteins from erythrocytes of peripheral blood. The most striking observation is a premature decline in specific activity of the major β chain, concomitant with a prolonged rise for one minor β chain, suggesting postsynthetic modification of the former into the latter. Evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis and possibly asynchronous synthesis of globin chains has also been observed. All seven proteins ultimately lose activity synchronously. Our results demonstrate the utility of combining older techniques for studying turnover in vivo with more recent methods for resolving globin chains.
Traumatic, Inflammatory, Neoplastic, and Miscellaneous Lesions of the Bladder

The urinary bladder is the body’s reservoir for urine. It is a muscular bag lined with a mucous membrane and is located in the bony pelvis below a layer of peritoneum. Occupying the anterior half of the pelvis, it is bounded by the symphysis pubis and the diverging walls of the pelvis ventrally and at its sides. The bladder is flattened Open image in new window Fig. 6.1 MRI of the bladder in a female: heavily T2-weighted sagittal image; scan performed with fast spin-echo technique. The relationship of the bladder to adjacent organs is shown. B, bladder; R, rectum; U, uterus superiorly when empty, becomes globular with urine filling, and has a normal capacity of up to 500ml. It is dorsal and cephalad to the pubis, being separated from it by the retropubic space of Retziusl. The urinary bladder does not assume this pelvic position until maturity. It is an abdominal organ in infants and children (Caffey 1972). In the male, the rectum is dorsal and caudal to the urinary bladder. The seminal vesicles and the ampulla of the ductus deferens are embedded in endopelvic fascia caudally and dorsally against the fundus of the bladder. In the female, the uterus and vagina lie between the rectum and the bladder (Fig. 6.1). Depending on the state of distention of the bladder, the nongravid uterus and cervix will be dorsal and/or cephalad to the bladder. The vagina is caudal and posterior, its anterior wall loosely attached to the fundus of the bladder (Woodburne 1976; Pansky 1979).
Projections on Convex Sets in Hilbert Space and Spectral Theory: Part I. Projections on Convex Sets: Part II. Spectral Theory

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses projections on convex sets in Hilbert Space and Spectral Theory. It consists of two separate parts of which the second is an outgrowth of the first and, to a certain extent, its motivation. A general study of projections is presented on convex sets in Hilbert space without any particular aim in mind. Projections appear as one of the simplest instances of nonlinear mappings that can be defined in abstract terms. It was in the study of the algebra of projections that the similarities with the linear counterpart became obvious, especially after the specialization to projections on convex cones. All obstacles were removed at once and the way toward a spectral theory was opened. The notion of a spectral resolution made up of projections on convex cones makes sense; from it, a spectral measure can be built and a spectral integration theory of real valued functions can be developed. The resulting integrals are operators in Hilbert space, nonlinear in general, generalizing linear selfadjoint ones whose properties they mimic.
Threshold for Fatigue Crack Initiation

ABSTRACT Fatigue cracks are known to usually initiate near prominent bands or regions of surface roughening which are produced by the to and fro motion of dislocations under cyclic loading. The threshold for fatigue crack initiation, therefore, is better related to a critical amount of plastic strain amplitude rather than to a critical stress which may be more useful for design purposes. The present paper examines and compares the plastic strain amplitude to produce fatigue failure approaching threshold in a number of materials. The data is taken from the long life region (106 cycles) of published strain-life data. The critical strain is generally larger for materials of lower yield stress. Metals of similar yield stress values must be compared to determine the effect of differences in ductility. The threshold stress for fatigue crack initiation was also related to plastic strain using elasticity-plasticity theory.
Narrative Gerontology in Research and Practice by Kate De Medeiros

In her 2014 text Narrative Gerontology in Research and Practice, author Kate de Medeiros provides fodder for the theorist, the researcher, and the practitioner. Although this mix of targeted reader...
The Vibrio Diseases in 1982: An Overview

Members of the genus Vibrio are the causative agents of a major component of the diarrheal diseases of man, and of a small but intriguing number of systemic infections. In this brief overview I will outline my present perception of the nature and importance of diseases caused by vibrios, and then discuss a few of our own observations about toxin production by cholera vibrios. In other papers presented in this symposium, many of the participants will provide more detailed discussions of some of the topics which I can only introduce in this review.
Levamisole potentiation of antigen specific lymphocyte blastogenic response in Brucella abortus exposed but nonresponsive cattle.

Abstract Incubation of Brucella abortus (field strain) infected and strain 19 vaccinated bovine peripheral blood lymphocytes with B. abortus antigen and levamisole caused a consistently significant increase in [ 3 H] thymidine uptake when compared to cultures without levamisole. Levamisole did not potentiate B. abortus -induced blastogenic response of lymphocytes from non-exposed cattle. A dose response study showed that 10 μg/culture induced maximum potentiation of B. abortus -induced lymphocyte stimulation. Using the 10 μg/well concentration of levamisole, further studies were conducted to determine the net potentiation of the blastogenic responses in lymphocytes from B. abortus (field strain) infected cattle, B. abortus strain 19 vaccinated but nonresponsive and non-exposed cattle. Levamisole significantly potentiated the B. abortus -induced lymphocyte blastogenesis in lymphocytes from unresponsive cattle.
Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems: The Overlooked Importance of Administrative Accountability

The rise of lethal autonomous weapons systems creates numerous problems for legal regimes meant to insure public accountability for unlawful uses of force. In particular, international humanitarian law has long relied on enforcement through individual criminal responsibility, which is complicated by autonomous weapons that fragment responsibility for decisions to deploy violence. Accordingly, there may often be no human being with the requisite level of intent to trigger individual responsibility under existing doctrine. In response, perhaps international criminal law could be reformed to account for such issues. Or, in the alternative, greater emphasis on other forms of accountability, such as tort liability and state responsibility might be useful supplements. But largely absent from this debate is discussion of an alternative form of accountability that often gets overlooked or dismissed as inconsequential, one that we might term “administrative accountability.” This article provides a close look at this type of accountability and its potential. Such accountability might take the form of administrative procedures, inquiries, sanctions, and reforms that can be deployed within the military or the administrative state more broadly to respond to an incident in which a violation of international humanitarian law may have occurred. These procedures might result in after-the fact sanctions on individuals who may be implicated in harms even if they would not be deemed criminally responsible or even negligent within a tort law framework. They also might dictate organizational reforms of bureaucratic structures that affect systems of hierarchical or other types of control that are forward-looking in their focus. Administrative accountability may be particularly useful in the case of autonomous systems because the restrictions of criminal law, such as the intent requirement for most crimes, may not apply in many circumstances. Administrative accountability, in contrast, is far more flexible both in the process by which it unfolds and in the remedies available, offering the prospect of both individual sanctions as well as broader organizational reforms. Obviously, such accountability depends on the willingness of actors within the administrative bureaucracy to pursue such accountability mechanisms. And at times, criminal accountability or tort liability may be more appropriate. But at the very least the potential for such administrative accountability should be part of any discussion about accountability for uses of autonomous and semi-autonomous weaponry. Moreover, because administrative bureaucracies are not monolithic, simply the creation of administrative procedures to investigate and impose non-criminal discipline for violations of international norms can create a cadre of experts within the government who internalize these values and foster a culture of broader compliance.
Factors Affecting the Adoption of Autonomous Vehicles for Commute Trips: An Analysis with the 2015 and 2017 Puget Sound Travel Surveys:

The emergence of autonomous vehicles (AVs) may shape the future landscape of urban mobility. Although there is a growing literature on public opinions with regard to self-driving, little attention ...
A latent class analysis of the past-30-day substance use patterns among lifetime cocaine users: Findings from a community sample in North Central Florida.

Abstract Objectives Cocaine use is increasing and many cocaine users engage in polysubstance use. Within polysubstance use, relationships among use of individual substances are necessarily complex. To address this complexity, we used latent class analysis (LCA) to identify patterns of polysubstance use among lifetime cocaine users and examine associations among these patterns, demographics, and risk profiles. Methods Members of HealthStreet, an ongoing community engagement program, were asked about lifetime and past 30-day use of cocaine, alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and prescription medications, mental health conditions, recent Emergency Department (ED) visits and demographics. LCA was used to identify classes of past 30-day polysubstance use among individuals who endorsed lifetime cocaine use. Multinomial logistic regression identified factors associated with these classes. Results Among 1797 lifetime cocaine users, a five-class LCA model was identified: 1) past 30-day tobacco use only (45%), 2) past 30-day alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use (31%), 3) past 30-day tobacco, prescription opioid and sedative use (13%), 4) past 30-day cocaine, alcohol, marijuana and tobacco use (9%), 5) past 30-day cocaine and multiple polysubstance use (2%). Demographics, ED visits and mental health conditions were associated with class membership. Conclusions Approximately 11% of lifetime cocaine users used cocaine in the past 30 days with two different concurrent substance use patterns. Prescription medication (opioids and sedatives) and complex polysubstance use patterns were stronger indicators of negative outcomes than current cocaine use. Cocaine was not used frequently with other stimulants. In addition to polysubstance use, prescription medication use should be targeted for intervention among lifetime cocaine users.
Salinipeptins: Integrated Genomic and Chemical Approaches Reveal Unusual d-Amino Acid-Containing Ribosomally Synthesized and Post-Translationally Modified Peptides (RiPPs) from a Great Salt Lake Streptomyces sp.

Analysis of the full genome of an environmentally unique, halotolerant Streptomyces sp. strain GSL-6C, isolated from the Great Salt Lake, revealed a gene cluster encoding the biosynthesis of the salinipeptins, d-amino-acid-containing members of the rare linaridin subfamily of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs). The sequence organization of the unmodified amino acid residues in salinipeptins A–D (1–4) were suggested by genome annotation, and subsequently, their sequence and post-translational modifications were defined using a range of spectroscopic techniques and chemical derivatization approaches. The salinipeptins are unprecedented linaridins bearing nine d-amino acids, which are uncommon in RiPP natural products and are the first reported in the linaridin subfamily. Whole genome mining of GSL-6C did not reveal any homologues of the reported genes responsible for amino acid epimerization in RiPPs, inferring new epimerases may be involved in the conversion of l- to...
Photoelastic modeling of stresses caused by thermal shock: Transient stresses caused by a severe thermal shock along the edge of a plate are studied and compared with plane-stress and plane-strain predictions

The paper describes and evaluates an easy experimental method for subjecting the edges of photoelastic plate models to severe and repeatable thermal shock. It presents the development, with time, of the photoelasticfringe pattern at the edge of a plate and shows that this method simulates thermal-shock conditions in metallic materials of an intensity that is exceeded only under the most severe practical conditions. The resultant edge stresses are shown to increase to maximum values and then decrease with time as conditions shift from essentially plane strain to plane stress.
A Systematic Review of Interventions to Promote Varied Social-Communication Behavior in Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder:

Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may engage in repetitive social-communication behaviors that can limit their skill acquisition, access to reinforcement, and access to less restrictive settings. Basic and applied research indicates that variability, or the extent to which responses are topographically different from one another, is influenced by antecedent and consequence interventions. Our purpose in this study is to systematically review the literature on interventions to increase variable social-communication behaviors in individuals with ASD. We identified 32 studies through a database search and screened them using the What Works Clearinghouse (WWC) Single-Case Design Standards. Eighteen studies containing 55 cases met WWC Design Standards. We coded the descriptive characteristics and strength of evidence based on visual analysis from each of these 18 studies and calculated effect sizes using Tau-U. Our results indicate that most cases (65%) provide strong evidence of a functional relation between the interventions and varied social-communication behaviors, and the median Tau-U was .82. We discuss the implications of our results for practice and for future research on interventions designed to increase variability with this population.
Prediction of bar violence among young adults

Violence in bars has been attributed to a variety of factors including the bar environment, the demographic and personality characteristics of bar patrons and alcohol use. Studies have shown that the bar environment, including layout, noise, crowding, poor ventilation, and socially permissive atmosphere are associated with aggressive behavior1–3. Research also suggests that demographic characteristics, particularly being a young man, are related to behaving aggressively. For example, Pernanen4 reported that bar violence was more prevalent among men than women, with 24% of men who reported aggression indicating that their most recent victimization occurred in a bar. Other research has shown that men who go to bars frequently are more likely to witness violence, experience violence, and engage in violence against non-family members5. Personality characteristics such as hostility and sensation seeking have been separately linked to alcohol use and aggressive behavior6,7 and may contribute to bar violence. Alcohol use, particularly heavy drinking, also may play a role in bar violence4.
Latina Teens' Identification with and Social Comparison to Mothers on Teen Mom .

A survey was conducted with low income Latina teens (M = 13.31 years of age) to examine the ways in which exposure, identification with, and social comparison to teen mothers featured on the MTV pr...
Disaggregating Ineffective Assistance of Counsel Doctrine: Four Forms of Constitutional Ineffectiveness

For years, experts have blamed Strickland v. Washington’s lax standard for assessing trial attorney effectiveness for many of the criminal justice system’s problems. But the conventional understanding of Strickland as a problem for ineffectiveness claims gives Strickland too much prominence, because it treats Strickland as the test for all such claims. That is a mistake. Properly understood, the Supreme Court has recognized four different constitutional forms of trial attorney ineffectiveness, and Strickland’s two-pronged test applies to only one of the four. If litigants and courts would notice the complexity and relegate Strickland to its proper place, it would pave the way for meritorious ineffectiveness claims of the other three kinds. This Article disaggregates strands of Sixth Amendment doctrine that others have jumbled together so as to enable courts and litigants to confine Strickland to its proper domain and use more appropriate analyses elsewhere. The Article also explains why additional disaggregation is necessary within the category of cases where Strickland rightly applies. Implicitly, the Supreme Court has created not one but three tests for assessing deficient performance within that domain, and it has indicated a willingness to soften the outcome-determinative prejudice prong as well. Failure to recognize these different forms of Strickland ineffectiveness has made the test seem much harder for defendants to satisfy than needs to be true. Recognizing these complexities, and applying the right test in the right case, is necessary if individual defendants are to be treated fairly and systemic constitutional problems in the provision of indigent defense services are to be addressed.
What Does the Doing? On Powers, Things and Powerful Things

Assuming a neo-Aristotelian anti-passivist metaphysics, I pose the question “Is it powerful things that produce outcomes, or the powers of powerful things?” I argue that it is powerful things, not the properties thereof, that ‘do the doing.’ This claim turns out to be connected to several others. Thus, in the course of advancing the main thesis of the chapter, I also suggest: (i) that we must take care not to conflate causation with causes; (ii) that objects (or phenomena generally) and their (essential) properties do not exist separately from one another; and (iii) that a trope-theoretic reduction of ostensibly-material entities to collections of abstract particulars is harder to defend if one is not a Humean.
IX – Laplace Transforms

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on Laplace transforms. Every solution of the equation, and every derivative of every solution, is of exponential order and possesses a Laplace transform. The chapter discusses some of the useful properties of Laplace transforms. A more powerful and direct method for finding inverse transforms exists. The theory of Laplace transforms is applied to the solution of initial value problems. The method applies to those problems where the differential equation, or system of differential equations, is linear and has constant coefficients.
C-Reference: Improving 2D to 3D Object Pose Estimation Accuracy via Crowdsourced Joint Object Estimation

Converting widely-available 2D images and videos, captured using an RGB camera, to 3D can help accelerate the training of machine learning systems in spatial reasoning domains ranging from in-home assistive robots to augmented reality to autonomous vehicles. However, automating this task is challenging because it requires not only accurately estimating object location and orientation, but also requires knowing currently unknown camera properties (e.g., focal length). A scalable way to combat this problem is to leverage people's spatial understanding of scenes by crowdsourcing visual annotations of 3D object properties. Unfortunately, getting people to directly estimate 3D properties reliably is difficult due to the limitations of image resolution, human motor accuracy, and people's 3D perception (i.e., humans do not "see" depth like a laser range finder). In this paper, we propose a crowd-machine hybrid approach that jointly uses crowds' approximate measurements of multiple in-scene objects to estimate the 3D state of a single target object. Our approach can generate accurate estimates of the target object by combining heterogeneous knowledge from multiple contributors regarding various different objects that share a spatial relationship with the target object. We evaluate our joint object estimation approach with 363 crowd workers and show that our method can reduce errors in the target object's 3D location estimation by over 40%, while requiring only $35$% as much human time. Our work introduces a novel way to enable groups of people with different perspectives and knowledge to achieve more accurate collective performance on challenging visual annotation tasks.
2020 ACM SIGMIS CPR Lifetime Achievement Award

We are pleased to announce that Dr. Thomas W. Ferratt, Professor Emeritus at the University of Dayton, is the recipient of the 2020 ACM SIGMIS CPR Lifetime Achievement Award. He served in leadership roles, including Chair, Conference Chair, and Program Chair, with ACM's Special Interest Group on Computer Personnel Research (SIGCPR). Subsequent to its merger with SIGMIS, he continued to serve in leadership roles with the CPR Conference. Consistent with the conference theme, a major stream of his research has focused on the management of information systems professionals. His research has been published and featured in a variety of publications, including MIS Quarterly, Information Systems Research, Journal of the Association for Information Systems, Journal of Management Information Systems, MIS Quarterly Executive, Communications of the ACM, The DATA BASE for Advances in Information Systems, Information and Management, Communications of the AIS, Academy of Management Journal, Human Relations, Decision Sciences, and Computerworld.His 2000 MIS Quarterly paper with Bob Roepke and Ritu Agarwal, Aligning the IT Human Resource with Business Vision: The Leadership Initiative at 3M," received first place in the 1998 SIM Paper Competition. More recently, his 2016 paper with Fred Niederman and Eileen Trauth, "On the Co-Evolution of Information Technology and Information Systems Personnel," in The Data Base for Advances in Information Systems, received a 2017 Senior Scholars AIS Best Information Systems Publications Award, Dr. Ferratt's academic career, beginning with his doctoral program at The Ohio State University in 1970, now spans 50 years. Prior to retirement at the end of 2016, he was at the University of Dayton for thirty years (1986-2016), where he served as an associate dean (1997-2000) and held the Sherman-Standard Register Endowed Chair in Management Information Systems from 2003 until his retirement. He also was on the faculty at Drake University (1974-84), where he served as a department chair (1980-82), a visiting faculty at Indiana University (1984-86), and a visiting scholar at the University of Southern California (2015).
The Relationship between personality and perceived mental fatigability

An increase in number of adults over the age of 65 living in the United States has led to a proportionate increase in the number of individuals reporting symptoms of fatigue - one of the chief complaints among older adults that has been associated with a decline in functionality, and increased risk for negative health outcomes. Perceived mental fatigability is a construct of fatigue that is ideal for the measurement of perceived mental tiredness in an aging population because it accounts for self-pacing bias, provides activities that are standardized in intensity and duration, and can be done with a self-report questionnaire as opposed to a performance-based assessment, which are common among measures of fatigue, but difficult for older adults. Personality traits may be related to perceived mental fatigability through several direct and indirect mechanisms including health behaviors, sensation seeking behaviors, and the cost/benefit theory of motivation. This cross-sectional analysis considers a sample of 1,812 relatively healthy and educated older men from the 4th visit of the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study, completed between 2014 and 2016. Linear regression models were used to assess the relationship between optimism, conscientiousness, goal reengagement, goal disengagement, and perceived mental fatigability as measured by the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) when controlling for relevant demographics, psychological and behavioral variables, comorbidities, and physical activity and function. Approximately a quarter of the sample (25%, n=448) reported higher perceived mental fatigability. Goal disengagement was not associated with perceived mental fatigability, and goal reengagement was only significantly associated before the addition of age and demographic variables. Lower conscientiousness and optimism remained significantly associated with higher perceived mental fatigability, independent of all significant covariates. However, depression, self-rated health status, and global sleep quality appeared to have the largest effect on the strength of the relationship. The public health significance of these findings is that the mechanism in which personality traits influence perceived mental fatigability can be used to help design targeted interventions that can reduce perceived mental fatigability in older adults and decrease the prevalence of related adverse health outcomes.
Spirituality and Quality of Life among Parents of Adolescents with Spina Bifida.

In this investigational cross-sectional study, we explored the relationships among caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, spirituality, and quality of life (QOL) in 58 parental caregivers of adoles...
Introducing hydroxyl groups as cellulose-binding sites into polymeric solid acids to improve their catalytic performance in hydrolyzing cellulose.

Abstract Effective hydrolysis of cellulose to glucose is a crucial step to produce fuels and chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. Solid acids are promising alternatives of cellulases and homogenous acids for hydrolyzing cellulose. In this study, porous polymeric solid acids bearing hydroxyl and sulfonic acid groups were fabricated for cellulose hydrolysis in water through the low-cost Friedel-Crafts “knitting” polymerization of hydroxyl-containing aromatic monomers followed by sulfonation. The synthesized bifunctional solid acids could effectively hydrolyze microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) to glucose by as high as 93 % at 120 °C within 48 h and ball-milled Avicel by 98 % at 120 °C in 24 h. The evidence from this study indicated that the outstanding catalytic performance of the solid acids was attributed to the porous structure (large surface area) and the presence of the hydroxyl (cellulose-binding group) in the solid acids.
CAR-T cells to deliver engineered peptide antigens and reprogram antigen specific T cell responses against solid tumors.

2530Background: Neoantigen depleted malignancies such as colorectal cancer demonstrate primary resistance to immune checkpoint blockade, and solid tumors in general have shown resistance to chimeri...
Molding light in space and time: novel phenomena and applications

Recent advances in wavefront shaping have led to new classes of structured light; hence, uncovering novel phenomena and facilitating new applications. We review recent progress in these areas and highlight our efforts in structuring all degrees of freedom of light; including the phase, amplitude, polarization state, and orbital angular momentum of light both in three-dimensional space and time. Notably, we showcase scenarios in which the propagation dynamics of structured vector beams are governed by a topological phase factor (i.e., the Berry phase) in addition to the regular propagation phase. This in turn redefines basic phenomena in optics encountered by these beams; such as Snell’s law, phase matching and resonance conditions. We finally present new directions in creating time-varying near-field structures using frequency-gradient plasmonic based devices.
The Crimean War and its Afterlife: Making Modern Britain

The mid-nineteenth century's Crimean War is frequently dismissed as an embarrassment, an event marred by blunders and an occasion better forgotten. In The Crimean War and its Afterlife Lara Kriegel sets out to rescue the Crimean War from the shadows. Kriegel offers a fresh account of the conflict and its afterlife: revisiting beloved figures like Florence Nightingale and hallowed events like the Charge of the Light Brigade, while also turning attention to newer worthies, including Mary Seacole. In this book a series of six case studies transport us from the mid-Victorian moment to the current day, focusing on the heroes, institutions, and values wrought out of the crucible of the war. Time and again, ordinary Britons looked to the war as a template for social formation and a lodestone for national belonging. With lucid prose and rich illustrations, this book vividly demonstrates the uncanny persistence of a Victorian war in the making of modern Britain.
How Long Is Too Long?: Conflicting State Responses to De Facto Life Without Parole Sentences After Graham v. Florida and Miller v. Alabama

A juvenile offender waits for sentencing while a court calculates his life expectancy and determines the point at which his sentence effectively becomes his entire life. This is the scenario posed by recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions that have struck down life without parole (LWOP) sentences for most juvenile offenders but have left open the possibility of lengthy term-of-years sentences. Consecutive term-of-years sentences may leave many juvenile offenders in prison for the majority of their lives despite the holdings in Miller v. Alabama and Graham v. Florida that juveniles are different and more capable of reform than most adult offenders. This Note examines the issues created by long term-of-years sentences or “virtual LWOP” after Miller and Graham. Specifically, this Note addresses the (1) unconstitutionality of virtual LWOP sentences under Graham; and (2) inconsistencies created between sentences given to homicide and nonhomicide juvenile offenders after Miller. Ultimately, this Note analyzes statutory responses to juvenile LWOP sentences and proposes that either parole restrictions for juveniles must be removed entirely or comprehensive statutory schemes must be enacted to provide multiple opportunities for release.
Money Talks:An Indigent Defendant's Right to anEx Parte Hearing for Expert Funding

ersity of Delaware, May 2003. The author would like to thank Professor David Bruck and the rest of the Virginia Capital Case Clearinghouse for their edits and assistance. The author would also like to thank all the attorneys that provided information for this article. Lastly the author would like to thank his family and Cristina for their love, humor, and patience. 1. See Husske v. Commonwealth, 476 S.E.2d 920, 925–26 (Va. 1996) (explaining the showing defendants must make in order to trigger their constitutional right to a non-mental health expert). 2. See VA. SUP. CT. R. 3A:11(c)(2) (requiring the defense to give the prosecution notice if it intends to introduce an alibi defense at trial).
Effects of Precision of Information Feedback upon Acquisition of a Motor Skill

Abstract Forty-five subjects were randomly assigned to three groups of 15 each. Each subject attempted to deliver a duckpin bowling ball at a specified velocity equal to 70% of his maximum velocity. The velocity objective was given in seconds and hundreths-of-a-second, and each subject performed 60 trials under conditions of repetitive trial presentation with an intertrial interval of 50 sec. The experimenter verbally presented information feedback (IF) immediately after each delivery. Three experimental conditions involved: (a) quantitative IF accurate to hundreths-of-a-second; (b) quantitative IF accurate to tenths-of-a-second; and (c) qualitative IF. The findings indicated that practice involving more precise IF (quantitative IF) results in a significantly higher level of performance than less precise IF (qualitative IF). Also, there is an optimum precision of IF beyond which additional exactness will not enhance motor skill acquisition.
Using Caenorhabditis elegans to Study Serpinopathies

Protein misfolding, polymerization, and/or aggregation are hallmarks of serpinopathies and many other human genetic disorders including Alzheimer's, Huntington's, and Parkinson's disease. While higher organism models have helped shape our understanding of these diseases, simpler model systems, like Caenorhabditis elegans, offer great versatility for elucidating complex genetic mechanisms underlying these diseases. Moreover, recent advances in automated high-throughput methodologies have promoted C. elegans as a useful tool for drug discovery. In this chapter, we describe how one could model serpinopathies in C. elegans and how one could exploit this model to identify small molecule compounds that can be developed into effective therapeutic drugs.
Hepatic Metabolism During Acute Hypoxia in Fetal Lambs |[dagger]| 273

The fetal liver is a principal organ for the metabolic response to acute hypoxia in-utero. To better understand its biochemical role, we simultaneously studied fetal and hepatic changes in blood flow, oxygen consumption, and lactate and pyruvate metabolism during normal and hypoxic conditions.Methods: In 7 pregnant ewes, sampling catheters were placed across the umbilical and fetal left hepatic circulations. After recovery, indocyanine green (ICG) and tritiated water were infused at a constant rate into the fetus for measurement of left hepatic blood flow and umbilical blood flow, respectively. Each study day, blood samples were taken for ICG, tritiated water, oxygen, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations under normal conditions and hypoxia induced by occlusion of the maternal common internal iliac artery for 30 minutes. Using the Fick principle, substrate uptake for both control and hypoxia was calculated using the concentration difference across the left hepatic and umbilical circulations. Animals were recovered for at least 24 hours prior to the next study day, and each animal was studied no more than 3 times. At autopsy, catheter placement was verified and the fetal liver transected into left and right hepatic lobes and weighed. Paired samples were analyzed by paired 2-tailed t-test. Results: 17 paired control/hypoxia studies were obtained in 7 animals. Values are mean(±SD) control versus hypoxia. Fetal arterial oxygen content was 2.60(0.50) and decreased to 1.21(0.26) mM (p<0.001) with occlusion. Umbilical blood flow increased from 223.11(27.16) to 294.60(52.09) ml/min/kg(p<0.001). Left hepatic blood flow was 371.10(127.88) and 405.85(199.68) ml/min/gm (NS). Fetal oxygen uptake decreased, 0.33(0.03) to 0.24(0.04) uM/min/gm (p<0.001). Left hepatic oxygen uptake did not change, 1.61(0.32) versus 1.63(0.28) uM/min/gm (NS). Fetal lactate uptake 0.021(0.008) went to production (-)0.022(0.033) uM/min/gm (p<0.001). Left hepatic lactate uptake increased, 0.515(0.116) to 0.827(0.331) uM/min/gm (p<0.001). Fetal pyruvate production increased, (-)0.001(0.001) to (-)0.003(0.002) uM/min/gm, as did left hepatic pyruvate production, (-)0.057(0.024) to (-)0.156(0.043) uM/min/gm(p<0.001). Conclusions: The fetus maintained a constant left hepatic oxygen consumption and blood flow in the presence of acute hypoxia and decreased fetal oxygen uptake. In addition, during fetal lactate production, the fetal liver increased lactate consumption while increasing pyruvate production. We speculate a biochemical exchange of lactate for pyruvate occurs as the liver works to restore metabolic homeostasis.
HUNGRY BONE SYNDROME FOLLOWING PARATHYROIDECTOMY

Hyperparathyroid-associated bone disease is known to affect quality of life and contribute to premature morbidity in the end stage renal disease (ESRD) population. Failure to adequately suppress parathyroid hormone secretion with medical management often warrants parathyroidectomy. Hypocalcemia frequently occurs after parathyroidectomy. A state of marked and prolonged hypocalcemia is termed "hungry bone syndrome." Biochemical and clinical criteria associated with development of hungry bone syndrome assist with identification of those at risk and facilitates postoperative management.