cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Controversies in the neurosurgical management of cerebellar hemorrhage and infarction

Evidence-based guidelines for the management of hemorrhagic and ischemic cerebellar stroke are sparse, and most available data come from Class III studies. As a result, opinions and practices regarding the nature and role of neurosurgical intervention vary widely. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to adjudicate several contentious issues, such as the difference in the management of cerebellar hemorrhage versus infarction, criteria for imaging to exclude an underlying structural lesion, the value of MRI for patient selection, the role of external ventricular drainage, the indications for operative management, the timing of surgical intervention, and various options of surgical technique, among others. Treatment algorithms proposed in several different studies are compared and contrasted. This analysis is concluded by a summary of the recommendations from the American Stroke Association, which advises that patients with cerebellar hemorrhage who experience neurological deterioration or who have brainstem compression and/or hydrocephalus due to ventricular obstruction should undergo surgical evacuation of the hemorrhage as soon as possible, and that initial treatment of such patients with ventricular drainage alone rather than surgical removal of the hemorrhage is not recommended.
Recanalization of occluded biliary endoprostheses with pulsed laser radiation

The use of pulsed laser radiation to recanalize occluded biliary endoprostheses was examined. In vitro measurements demonstrated that a repetitively pulsed organic dye laser transmitted through a small diameter quartz fiber can recanalize an occluded stent in less than 10 sec without causing visible damage to the stent. The laser parameters required for recanalization do not result in significant damage to the common bile duct of a pig even when the laser energy is delivered directly into the tissue, indicating that biliary endoprostheses can be cleared with a large margin of safety. Although the duration of this effect is unknown, pulsed laser radiation is a simple, safe, and effective means of recanalizing occluded biliary endoprostheses and may be an alternative to stent replacement.
Mutations in paramecium calmodulin indicate functional differences between the C-terminal and N-terminal lobes in vivo.

Abstract We examined calmodulin and its gene from the wild-type and viable mutants of P. tetraurelia. The mutants, selected for their behavioral aberrations, have little or no defects in growth rates, secretion, excretion, or motility. They can be grouped according to whether they underreact or overreact behaviorally to certain stimuli, reflecting their respective loss of either a Ca 2+ -dependent Na + current or a Ca 2+ -dependent K + current. Sequence analyses showed that all three underreactors have amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal lobe of the calmodulin dumbbell, whereas all three overreactors have substitutions in the C-terminal lobe. No mutations fell in the central helix connecting the two lobes. These results may indicate that the sites defined by these mutations are important in membrane excitation but not in other biological functions. They also suggest that the two lobes of calmodulin may be used differentially for the activation of different Ca 2+ -dependent channels.
A 42-year-old man with rhabdomyolysis from substance abuse and minor trauma

During initial assessment and care of this patient, an element of disbelief of the patient's inability to move his extremities was expressed. Manifestation of a severe injury such as that affecting the spinal cord after an extended period of time would be unusual. All other causes of altered motor function should be promptly investigated. The importance of listening and believing the patient was reinforced with this case. Many excellent clinicians will state that 80% of the diagnosis comes from the patient history. The physical examination and diagnostic tests should only validate what has been obtained from listening to the patient. Although we had cared for patients with hyperkalemia in the past, this case expanded our knowledge about a range of therapies available to treat this electrolyte abnormality and the physiologic mechanisms for each. We are impressed with the number of mechanisms and medications that can contribute to the development of rhabdomyolysis. Caregivers are at risk of assuming that the patient's condition fits the category to which they have been triaged. Keeping an open mind concerning the range of rationale for patient signs and symptoms is important.
Detection of excision nuclease in cell-free extracts from the adult mammalian brain

The autosomal recessive disorder xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) results from defects in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway for DNA repair. NER normally repairs bulky DNA lesions, such as pyrimidine dimers resulting from UV radiation. XP patients have high rates of skin cancer, and some also develop progressive neurological degeneration. To better understand the mechanism of this neurodegeneration, I used a specific assay for the multicomponent excision nuclease of the NER pathway in cell-free extracts from the adult rat brain. Excision nuclease activity was detectable in whole-cell extracts prepared from the cerebellum, whereas extracts prepared from the forebrain, which has a lower density of cell nuclei, had much less activity. Nuclear extracts from both areas were equally capable of restoring activity to extracts from two different NER-deficient cell lines, despite large differences in the ratio of neurons to nonneuronal cells in the cerebellum and forebrain. These results indicate that the NER pathway is functional in neuronal cells in the adult brain. The implications of this finding for XP and other neurodegenerative diseases is discussed.
Reactive blending via metal-ligand coordination

d-Block transition-metal-containing polymer blends which form coordination complexes are described in this treatise. The model compounds are zinc acetate dihydrate, copper acetate dihydrate, nickel acetate tetrahydrate, cobalt chloride hexahydrate, palladium chloride bis (acetonitrile), and the dimer of dichlorotricarbonylruthenium (II). Two classes of ligands are of interest. Poly (4-vinylpyridine), P4VP, and copolymers that contain 4-vinylpyridine repeat units form complexes with zinc, copper, nickel, cobalt, and ruthenium salts. Atactic 1,2-polybutadiene contains olefinic sidegroups that displace weakly bound acetonitrile ligands and coordinate to palladium chloride. Thermal analysis via differential scanning calorimetry suggests that the glass transition temperature of the polymeric ligand is enhanced by these low-molecular-weight transition-metal salts in binary and ternary blends. In some cases, d-block salts function as transition-metal compatibilizers for copolymers that would otherwise be immiscible. The isothermal ternary phase diagram for polybutadiene with palladium chloride highlights regions of gelation, precipitation, and transparent solutions during blend preparation in tetrahydrofuran. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provides molecular-level data that support the concept of polymeric coordination complexes. High-resolution carbon-13 solid-state NMR spectroscopy identifies (1) near-neighbor interactions between polymeric pyridine ligands and the ruthenium salt, and (2) a considerable reduction in the molecular mobility of the polybutadiene chain backbone when it forms a coordination complex with palladium chloride. The elastic modulus of polybutadiene increases by three orders of magnitude when the palladium salt concentration is 4 mol % in a solid-state glassy film. A thermodynamic interpretation of ligand field stabilization energies appropriate to tetrahedral cobalt and octahedral nickel complexes is employed to estimate the synergistic enhancement of the glass transition temperature, particularly when coordination crosslinks are present. ©1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effects of excess CuO on the grain growth kinetics, sintering and microstructure of the YBa2Cu3O7_δ superconductor

Abstract The influence of CuO on the grain growth kinetics, densification and microstructure of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ was studied. The YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ material with sufficient liquid phase revealed a grain growth exponent of about 0.25 after isothermal annealing at 990°C. The addition of CuO greatly enhanced the densification during sintering through the presence of the liquid phase. A microstructure containing highly aligned grains ( d > 200 μm ) was produced by a compositional gradient of CuO powder.
Cumulative Organic Anion Transporter-Mediated Drug-Drug Interaction Potential of Multiple Components in Salvia Miltiorrhiza (Danshen) Preparations

Purpose To evaluate organic anion transporter-mediated drug-drug interaction (DDI) potential for individual active components of Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) vs. combinations using in vitro and in silico approaches.
Post-filling flow in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding processes: Theoretical analysis

For rigid mold filling processes such as resin transfer molding, the resin flow stops when the preform is fully saturated with the resin. However, in vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process (VARTM), due to preform deformation the resin flow continues after the filling stage is complete as it does take a finite time for the pressure field to become uniform during this post-filling period. In this paper, the post-filling flow in the VARTM process with and without the membrane is examined. The governing equations for post-filling flow, in which the preform is allowed to deform, are developed with simplifying assumptions. A one-dimensional flow and deformation coupled process model is developed to simulate the time dependent pressure distribution during the post-filling stage. The model is implemented using finite differences, both in time and space, and utilizes the explicit time integration which is found to be conditionally stable. The change in pressure inside the mold during the post-filling stage is predicted for three different injection scenarios. The influence of the pressure distribution at the end of filling on the dwell time for the pressure to equilibrate and on the final thickness of the part is discussed. The effects of change in preform permeability and compliance on the dwell time and thickness are demonstrated and the extension of the model to more complex geometries and systems is outlined.
Dilute aperture diffraction imagery and object reconstruction

Replacement of a large continuous aperture by a set of small apertures offers a number of advantages if the subapertures can be placed within the array so as to achieve minimal spatial frequency redundancy. Using an approach based on combinatorics and integer programming, we have found solutions for a linear array for N (number of subapertures) up to eight. In my opinion, too much emphasis has been placed on the subaperture positioning problem and not enough on the resultant diffraction imagery. To this end, we have calculated the diffraction images of extended incoherent objects for these optimum arrays. We then proceed to discuss inversion techniques whereby we determine the object intensity from the diffraction images.
TH-D-VaIB-02: Skin and Body Dose Measurements for Varian Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) During IMRT for Prostate Cancer

Purpose: With the increased use of CBCT for daily patient setup, kV dose delivered to patient should be investigated. This study is to measure skin and body dose from Varian daily CBCT for prostate patients. Methods and Materials: CBCT scans were acquired in half‐fan and pulsed‐fluoro mode with a half bow‐tie mounted. A technical setting of 125kV, 80mA and 25ms was used. Skin and body doses were first measured for a Rando pelvic and an IMRT QA phantom, set centrally, with TLD and a cylindrical chamber. Then skin dose for 7 prostate patients undergoing daily CBCT was measured. To avoid the ring artifacts centered at prostate, the treatment couch was dropped 3cm from patient's tattoo. TLD capsules were placed on patient's skin at 3 sites: AP, Lt Lat and Rt Lat. Phantom measurement was also made for this setup. The absorbed dose was determined by the air‐kerma‐based calibration method recommended by TG61. Results: For phantoms set centrally, measured skin dose was ∼6 cGy, ∼5.6 cGy, ∼3.7cGy at AP, Lt Lat, and Rt Lat, respectively. Body dose at the center was ∼3–4 cGy. With table dropping (TD), only AP skin dose was increased ∼12%. Patient AP skin dose varied with separation, ranging 4–6 cGy for thicker patients (AP 23 – 33 cm) and 6 – 8 cGy for thinner patients. Minimum changes were observed on lateral dose for patients with different size. Lt Lat skin (4cGy) and bone (9cGy) doses were higher than Rt Lat skin (3cGy) and bone dose (6cGy) Conclusions: Daily CBCT provides better patient setup but it increases skin and body dose. The dose can range from 120 – 330 cGy for skin and 120 – 380 cGy for body during the 42 daily fractions delivered for IMRT prostate patients.
Multiterminal flows in outerplanar networks

Abstract An outerplanar network is an undirected network whose underlying graph is a triangulation of a polygon. We give a linear algorithm for finding maximum flow values between all pairs of nodes in the outerplanar network. Our algorithm constructs the cut-tree of the outerplanar network without using any maximum flow computation.
Obstacles to Developing Digital Literacy on the Internet in Middle School Science Instruction

Obstacles, and instructional responses to them, that emerged in two middle school science classes during a formative experiment investigating Internet Reciprocal Teaching (IRT), an instructional in...
An Economic Analysis of Academic Dishonesty and Its Deterrence in Higher Education

The underlying contract in higher education is that students, in exchange for demonstration of individual skills and predetermined levels of understanding, are evaluated objectively by faculty and rewarded by the reflection of a grade-level performance on their permanent records. In addition to providing a system that can reflect mastery or training in particular subject matters, grading and student evaluation mechanisms, with their rewards and punishments, prepare students for the workplace and its market forces: good performance is rewarded and poor performance and dishonesty are punished. Truthful and candid evaluations in the academy are a form of training that can help students to make correct choices as they progress through the stages of moral development. Evolutionary development toward, hopefully, correct choices related to academic integrity also helps students develop or reaffirm their sense of justice as they develop morally to assume responsibility for their own actions and accept consequences for their poor performance and poor choices.
Factors affecting the rate and mode of germination of Mucor piriformis zygospores

Over 70% of zygospores of M. piriformis collected from 10 day-old cultures germinated in water and on acidified water agar. Germination originated either through a crack on the zygosporangial wall or through one of the suspensors. The germination percentage was highest when newly matured zygospores were used. Zygospores from cultures older than one month either did not germinate or germinated poorly. The mode of zygospore germination was affected by nutrients and germination condition. Germ-sporangial, germ-sporangial-mycelial and mycelial germination were observed on solid media while germination with an elongated germ-tube was observed in water. Zygospores of M. piriformis germinated under light as well as in darkness. Although low pH is not required for zygospore germination in water, zygospore germination on solid media is favoured by low pH.
Admissible Speeds for Plane-Strain Self-Similar Shear Cracks with Friction but Lacking Cohesion

Summary Dynamic shear cracks with friction have recently been studied as models for shallow-focus earthquakes both in the laboratory and analytically. There is some evidence from laboratory experiments that zones of slip may spread with velocities greater than the S-wave speed but so far theoretical models with rupture velocities faster than the S-wave speed have not been considered. In particular the shearing version of Broberg’s self-similar crack propagating at the Rayleigh speed has been suggested as the solution for cracks lacking cohesion. The present paper shows that this RayIeigh-speed crack may be valid if limiting static friction is sufficiently high, but otherwise the crack may run at the P-wave velocity. The mathematical method used is to show that a self-similar motion is likely and then to eliminate all possible crack speeds except those in a range of speeds between the Rayleigh speed vR and the S-wave speed us, or, if the static friction is weak, the P-wave speed is found to be the only admissible speed. It is worth noting that for propagation speeds between the Rayleigh and shear speeds there is also a weil-known non-physical solution analytically identical to Broberg’s solution but having a stress singularity of the wrong sign. The solutions proposed in this paper do not have any stress infinities at all. Analogous solutions apply to tensile cracks but the physics in that situation is not clear. In the final section some conclusions are drawn concerning frictional sliding in a fully three-dimensional situation.
Portable traumatic brain injury detection with near-infrared technology: infrascanner model 2000.

Diagnosing traumatic brain injury (TBI) on the battlefield has been an enormous challenge for recent military operations. The prevalence of improvised explosive devices and their resulting blast injuries have made TBI one of the most common injuries sustained by our service members during current conflicts and have led to its recognition as the “signature injury” of these conflicts. Traditional diagnostic methods for detecting TBI (CT and MRI) are impractical in the field, making proper detection difficult and leaving many with untreated intracranial bleeding, leading to irreparable damage. A new device called the Infrascanner is the first of its kind to use a portable form of emerging technology that can expedite the detection and triage of brain injuries in routine military settings. The Office of Naval Research’s program manager for expeditionary medicine, Dr. Michael Given, explains the dangers in missing a diagnosis of TBI: “If it goes undiagnosed and things look normal, and maybe a day later, you die of cerebral hemorrhage . . . and it could be because
Dark Matter in Leptophilic Higgs Models After the LHC Run-I

We examine the leptophilic two-Higgs-doublet model with fermionic dark matter, considering the range of experimental constraints on the Higgs sector. The measurements of the 125 GeV Higgs from the LHC run I allow us to focus on those remaining processes that may play an important role at colliders. We find that the leptophilic model allows for a much lighter Higgs than in other two-Higgs models, although discovery at the LHC will be difficult. Adding a dark matter sector motivated by supersymmetric extensions of the leptophilic model, we find the existing parameter space can accommodate constraints from direct detection and the invisible widths of the Higgs and $Z$, while also fitting the Galactic Center gamma ray excess reported by analyses of Fermi-LAT data. We also discuss the status of the fully supersymmetric version of such models, which include four Higgs doublets and a natural dark matter candidate.
Perceptions of the Community Food Environment and Related Influences on Food Choice Among Midlife Women Residing in Rural and Urban Areas: A Qualitative Analysis

Introduction: Qualitative research on food choice has rarely focused on individuals' perceptions of the community food environment. Women remain gatekeepers of the family diet and food purchasing. Therefore we assessed midlife, Southern women's perceptions of the food environment. Related influences on food choices at work and at home were also examined. Methods: We recruited 28 low- and moderate-income, midlife (37–67 years) women from rural and urban areas of southeastern North Carolina, using typical case and snowball sampling. They responded to questions about multilevel influences on food choice in semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Results: Women perceived differences between urban and rural food environments, with rural areas having fewer supermarkets and fast food restaurants compared to urban areas, which had fewer produce stands. Workplace food choices were affected by the social environment (co-workers), personal health concerns, and the surrounding food environment. Food chosen at home was ...
Integrating mesh and meshfree methods for physics-based fracture and debris cloud simulation

We present a hybrid framework for physics-based simulation of fracture and debris clouds. Previous methods mainly consider bulk fractures. However, in many situations, small fractured pieces and debris are visually important. Our framework takes a hybrid approach that integrates both tetrahedron-based finite element and particlebased meshfree methods. The simulation starts with a tetrahedral mesh. When the damage of elements reaches a damage failure threshold, the associated nodes are converted into mass-based particles. Molecular dynamics is used to model particle motion and interaction with other particles and the remaining elements. In rendering, we propose an algorithm of dynamically extracting a polygonal boundary surface for the damaged elements and particles. Our framework is simple, accurate, and efficient. It avoids the remeshing and stability problems of pure mesh-based techniques and pure meshfree methods and offers high visual realism.
Ion/molecule association reactions: Cl- addition to SiF4 IN He and N2

Abstract The association of chloride ion to silicon tetrafluoride to produce the pentacoordinate silicon anion SiF4Cl− has been examined at room temperature in helium buffer gas over the range 0.3–1.4 torr and in nitrogen buffer gas over the pressure range 0.10–0.50 torr using a flowing afterglow (FA) apparatus. The only reaction observed is the addition reaction and the results indicate that N2 is approximately 2.5 times more efficient than He in stabilizing the complex. Unlike analogous reactions of boron trihalides, there is no evidence for radiative stabilization for this reaction. Although kobs vs. [M] appears linear over our experimental pressure range and the lines pass through the origin, values of the unimolecular decay rate coefficient determined assuming low-pressure conditions are approximately 20% larger than those calculated using a curve-fitting procedure, indicating that caution must be used in assuming ks[M] ⪢ kd even when plots of kobs as a function of [M] appear linear. These studies are the first reported from our FA instrument which is, therefore, described in some detail.
Meta-analysis of standardized incidence and mortality rates of childhood leukaemia in proximity to nuclear facilities

The meta-analysis combined and statistically analysed studies of childhood leukaemia and nuclear facilities. Focus was on studies that calculated standardized rates for individual facilities. Due to variability between study designs, eight separate analyses were performed stratified by age and zone. One hundred and thirty-six sites were used in at least one analysis. Unadjusted, fixed effects and random effects models were used. Meta-rates greater than one were found in all models at all stratification levels often achieving statistical significance. Caution must be used when interpreting these results. The meta-analysis was able to show an increase in childhood leukaemia near nuclear facilities, but does not support a hypothesis to explain the excess. Each type of model utilized has limitations. Fixed effects models give greater weight to larger studies; however, population density may be a risk factor. Random effects models give greater weight to smaller studies that may be more likely to be affected by publication bias. A limitation of the overall study design is that standardized rates must be available for individual sites which led to exclusion of studies that only calculated rates for multiple sites and those that presented other statistical methods. Further, dose-response studies do not support excess rates found near nuclear facilities. However, it cannot be ignored that the majority of studies have found elevated rates, although not usually statistically significant.
The Pan language-based editing system

Powerful editing systems for developing complex software documents are difficult to engineer. Besides requiring efficient incremental algorithms and complex data structures, such editors must accommodate flexible editing styles, provide a consistent, coherent, and powerful user interface, support individual variations and projectwide configurations, maintain a sharable database of information concerning the documents being edited, and integrate smoothly with the other tools in the environment. Pan is a language-based editing and browsing system that exhibits these characteristics. This paper surveys the design and engineering of Pan, paying particular attention to a number of issues that pervade the system: incremental checking and analysis, information retention in the presence of change, tolerance for errors and anomalies, and extension facilities.
Factors Associated With the Level of Backrest Elevation in a Thoracic Cardiovascular Intensive Care Unit

BACKGROUND Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a complication of mechanical ventilation that is associated with increased length of stay, morbidity, mortality, and costs. Evidence-based guidelines to reduce the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia recommend use of 30o to 45o backrest elevation. Despite recommendations, patients continue to be cared for in positions with a lower backrest elevation. Hemodynamic stability may be a factor in the lack of adherence, yet few data exist to confirm this hypothesis. OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between backrest elevation and hemodynamic instability among patients in a thoracic cardiovascular intensive care unit. METHODS A sample of 100 patients was studied. Patients were randomly selected by time of day. A protractor was used to measure patients' backrest elevation. Mean blood pressure, time of day, and fluid and vasopressor use also were recorded. RESULTS Lower backrest elevation was associated with use of vasopressors (P = .001). Patients who received hemodynamic support also had a lower backrest elevation than did patients not receiving these therapies (mean, 19o vs 26o ; P = .01). Patients with a mean blood pressure of 64 mm Hg or less had a mean backrest elevation of 17o versus 24o for patients with a mean blood pressure greater than 65 mm Hg (P = .01). Back-rest elevations did not differ between shifts. CONCLUSION That backrest elevation is associated with lower mean blood pressure and vasopressor use suggests that nurses are not adhering to recommended levels of backrest elevation so as to maintain hemodynamic stability. Further studies are needed to elucidate reasons for lack of adherence to recommended levels of backrest elevation.
Magic: a machine for automatic graphics interface to a computer

The Computer Technology Section of the National Bureau of Standards is currently engaged in an extensive program to develop advanced techniques for improving user communication with large ADP systems. This program is an outgrowth of a number of projects in which the Section has been called upon to assist other agencies in the solution of a variety of data processing applications.
Very High Resolution NeuroElectric Brain Imaging Realized by Referee Consensus Processing

Electrical current flow within populations of neurons is a fundamental constituent of brain function. The resulting fluctuating magnetic fields may be sampled noninvasively with an array of magnetic field detectors positioned outside a patient’s head. This is magnetoencephalography (MEG). Each source may be characterized by 5-6 parameters, the xyz location and the xyz direction. The magnetic field measurements are nonlinear in the location parameters; hence the source location is identifiable only via search of the brain volume. When there is one or a very few sources, this may be practical; solutions for the general problem are weak. Referee consensus is a new method which enables identification of one source at a time regardless of the number and location of others. This “independence” enables solution of the general problem and insures suitability to grid computing. The computation scales linearly with the number of nonlinear parameters. MEG recordings were obtained from volunteers while they performed a cognitive task The recordings were processed on the Open Science Grid (≈150 CPU hours/sec of data). On average 500-1500 sources were active throughout. Statistical analyses demonstrated < 2 mm resolving power [1] and very strong findings (p < 0.02 400 ) when testing for task specific information in the extracted virtual recordings from each individual. 3D maps of differential activation, neuroelectric tomography, provide a very high resolution functional imaging modality which compares favorably with functional MR imaging. Referee consensus is applicable widely to measurement systems including microwave telescope imaging, seismic tomography, and financial market linkage identification. Applicability requires: (1) The measurements are linear in at least one parameter of each “source.” (2) Each source is detectable at multiple sensors. (3) A sequence of measurements in time is available. [1] Linear dimensions are represented in this standard form. Volume dimensions are represented throughout in terms of the length of a side, e.g. 8mm 3 instead of ½ cc, ½ cm 3 or 512 mm 3 .
An HPLC–HR-MS-MS Method for Identification of Anticoagulant Rodenticides in Blood

This paper presents a fully validated method for the qualitative identification of bromadiolone, brodifacoum, coumachlor, coumatetralyl, difenacoum and warfarin in whole blood specimens. Samples are protein precipitated with acetonitrile, processed via solid-phase extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography with high resolution tandem mass spectrometric detection. Limits of detection were 10 ng/mL or better for all analytes.
Patterns of diagnostic error in trauma abdominal CT.

Objective: To define patterns of diagnostic error in the interpretation of trauma abdominal CT. Materials and methods: Two hundred fifty-four out of 1751 abdominal CT scans performed for evaluation of trauma had a definite or equivocal diagnosis of an abdominal injury. Cases were re-read initially without reference to the original reports, in which 44 potential diagnostic errors were identified. A panel of two or three expert readers reviewed each of the 44 cases along with the original report to evaluate the diagnostic error and to search for patterns among the errors. Results: Thirty-one of the 254 CT scans (12%) that were re-read contained non-trivial mistakes that could affect patient outcome. Seventeen were false negative and 14 were false positive. Diagnostic errors were found in the liver, spleen, kidney, retroperitoneum, and peritoneal cavity. Patterns of false-negative diagnosis included missed vascular contrast extravasation, missed hemoperitoneum, and missed right retroperitoneal hematoma. Patterns of false-positive diagnosis included: periportal edema or blood tracking, called a liver laceration; respiratory motion, called a splenic or renal injury; and linear or round lucencies in the spleen or liver, called a laceration. Conclusion: Diagnostic errors in interpreting trauma abdominal CT cluster in several recurring patterns. Awareness of these patterns may assist readers in avoiding future errors.
The role of the cell cycle and cytokinesis in regulating neuroblast sublineage gene expression in the Drosophila CNS.

The precise temporal control of gene expression is critical for specifying neuronal identity in the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS). A particularly interesting class of genes are those expressed at stereotyped times during the cell lineage of identified neural precursors (neuroblasts): these are termed ‘sublineage’ genes. Although sublineage gene function is vital for CNS development, the temporal regulation of this class of genes has not been studied. Here we show that four genes (ming, even-skipped, unplugged and achaete) are expressed in specific neuroblast sublineages. We show that these neuroblasts can be identified in embryos lacking both neuroblast cytokinesis and cell cycle progression (string mutants) and in embryos lacking only neuroblast cytokinesis (pebble mutants). We find that the unplugged and achaete genes are expressed normally in string and pebble mutant embryos, indicating that temporal control is independent of neuroblast cytokinesis or counting cell cycles. In contrast, neuroblasts require cytokinesis to activate sublineage ming expression, while a single, identified neuroblast requires cell cycle progression to activate even-skipped expression. These results suggest that neuroblasts have an intrinsic gene regulatory hierarchy controlling unplugged and achaete expression, but that cell cycle- or cytokinesis-dependent mechanisms are required for ming and eve CNS expression. SUMMARY
The Pathways of Chemotherapeutants in the Control of Tree Diseases

The role of systemic chemotherapeutants in the control of tree diseases is still considered as a new field of study. The major interest in the control of various plant pathogens by chemotherapy took place only in the 1940s when Florey and Chain revived Fleming’s discovery of the antibiotic nature of Penicillium followed by the isolation of a powerful bacteriostatic antibiotic “Penicillin” and the demonstration of its therapeutic value in the control of bacterial infections in warm blooded animals and humans.
Iron Hydride Detection and Intramolecular Hydride Transfer in a Synthetic Model of Mono-Iron Hydrogenase with a CNS Chelate

We report the identification and reactivity of an iron hydride species in a synthetic model complex of monoiron hydrogenase. The hydride complex is derived from a phosphine-free CNS chelate that includes a Fe–CNH(═O) bond (carbamoyl) as a mimic of the active site iron acyl. The reaction of [(O═CHNNpySMe)Fe(CO)2(Br)] (1) with NaHBEt3 generates the iron hydride intermediate [(O═CHNNpySMe)Fe(H)(CO)2] (2; δFe–H = −5.08 ppm). Above −40 °C, the hydride species extrudes CH3S– via intramolecular hydride transfer, which is stoichiometrically trapped in the structurally characterized dimer μ2-(CH3S)2-[(O═CHNNPh)Fe(CO)2]2 (3). Alternately, when activated by base (tBuOK), 1 undergoes desulfurization to form a cyclometalated species, [(O═CNHNCPh)Fe(CO)2] (5); derivatization of 5 with PPh3 affords the structurally characterized species [(O═CNHNC)Fe(CO)(PPh3)2] (6), indicating complex 6 as the common intermediate along each pathway of desulfurization.
Self-injected petawatt laser-driven plasma electron acceleration in 10 17 cm −3 plasma

We report observation of electron self-injection and acceleration in a plasma accelerator driven by the Texas petawatt laser at 1017 cm−3 plasma density, an order of magnitude lower density than previous self-injected laser-plasma accelerators.
Early Planting Date Reduces Damage by the Southwestern Corn Borer in Mississippi

At State College and Stoneville, Mississippi, in 1961-63, 6 corn hybrids were used to determine the planting date for corn that would eliminate the most damage by the southwestern corn borer, Zeadiatrea grandiosella (Dyar). Planting dates were of greater value than hybrid corn in reducing amount of damage. Corn planted as early as March 22 had the least insect damage and produced the greatest yield.
Open-trial pilot study of a comprehensive outpatient psychosocial treatment for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder

This study examined the feasibility and initial outcomes of a comprehensive outpatient psychosocial treatment (MAXout) for children aged 7-12 years with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder. The 18-week treatment, two 90-minute sessions per week, included instruction and therapeutic activities targeting social/social communication skills, facial emotion recognition, non-literal language skills, and interest expansion. A behavioral system was implemented to reduce autism spectrum disorder symptoms and problem behaviors and increase skills acquisition and maintenance. Feasibility was supported via high levels of treatment fidelity and parent, child, and staff satisfaction. Significant post-treatment improvements were found for the children's non-literal language skills and facial emotion recognition skills, and parent and staff clinician ratings of targeted social/social communication skills, broad social skills, autism spectrum disorder symptoms, and problem behaviors. Results suggested that MAXout was feasible and may yield positive outcomes for children with high-functioning autism spectrum disorder.
Patients, values, and statistical utility.

L'approche d'un traitement est guide par une qualite de soins medicaux definie non seulement par des droits connus mais egalement par les valeurs et les pratiques de la communaute des medecins
The Effects of Organizational Practices on Sexual Harassment and Individual Outcomes in the Military

Research demonstrates that an organizational climate tolerant of sexual harassment directly contributes to the occurrence of harassment and negative psychological, health-related, and job-related outcomes for employees. This article operationalizes organizational intolerance of sexual harassment in terms of specific organizational activities and examines the effectiveness of each such activity in minimizing these adverse effects. The article has 3 goals: (a) to propose a framework for understanding the range of organizational activities with regard to sexual harassment; (b) to discuss the effects of specific organizational activities on the incidence of sexual harassment in the military as well as their impact on individual service members; and (c) to address the theoretical, organizational, and legal implications of these findings. Specifically, it examines service members' perceptions of military efforts related to harassment in 3 areas: (a) the implementation practices related to policies and procedure...
Macrocheles schaeferi (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macrochelidae), a New Species in the subbadius Group from Grassland Soils in the Central United States

A new species of macrochelid mite, Macrocheles schaeferi , is described from grasslands of the central United States. Developmental time (egg to adult) is 3.5–4.5 d at 23°C with abundant nematode prey. Nematodes are a preferred prey, but Collembola, soft-bodied mites, and housefly eggs also are consumed. Preying on Collembola in the absence of nematodes results in longer developmental times, shorter lived adults, and no egg production. Sex determination is arrhenotokous. M. schaeferi is a member of the subbadius species group, and a key to the North American representatives of this group is presented.
The Main Results of Surgery

In this chapter we shall try to give the main results of the theory of surgery on simply-connected manifolds and give some of the most general and important theorems on the structure of differentiable manifolds which result.
The Standard Evaluate Manage and Effect Analysis of Antibiosis Drug

Objective To discuss the effective ways of administrating antibiotics,promote the rational using of antibiotics.Method The antimicrobial reasonable application management is brought into the evaluation system of the ten standardized operations in our hospital,we formulate the working scheme and the evaluation criterion of antimicrobial standardization management according to the antibiotics clinical usage guiding principle of The Ministry of Health.The rational drug use quality control and evaluation management were conducted by the rational drug use steering group month by month.We compared the usage of antibacterial agents before(2008) and after(2010) standard evaluation management.Result Through the implementation of standard management of antimicrobial drug evaluation,The Antimicrobial usage is from 96.52% drop to 86.77% in our hospital(χ2=187.15,P0.001).The pathogenic detection rate had been improved.The operation prevention rate and antibiotic using rate of the class I operation declined.The days after operation using antibiotic had been shorten obviously.The detection rate of ESBLs decreased signifi cantly.Conclusion Antimicrobial standard management evaluation mechanism is an effective management methods to promote rational use of antimicrobial agents,we should stick to the execution.
ACIP Releases 2016 Adult Immunization Recommendations.

Each year, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reviews and updates the adult immunization schedule to incorporate any published updates or corrections from the previous year.
Endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension

Abstract In the last decade, significant advances have occurred in our understanding of the presence and nature of endothelial dysfunction in a number of cardiovascular conditions, including hypertension. Endothelium-derived nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important mediator of endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, and a defect in the endothelium-derived NO system--possibly decreased synthesis and/or release of NO by endothelial cells--is now known to cause the abnormal response to acetylcholine in hypertensive vessels and to account at least in part for the increased vascular resistance observed in hypertension. Extensive research by our laboratory and others to determine the nature of the defect in the NO system has found that the defect is not related to decreased availability of L-arginine, the NO precursor, or to a defect at the muscarinic receptor level or a specific G protein-dependent intracellular signal-transduction pathway; nor is it related to extracellular inactivation of NO by superoxide anion. These findings have contributed to our understanding of endothelial dysfunction in essential hypertension and have pointed out distinctions between the mechanisms leading to this vascular abnormality in hypertensive and hypercholesterolemic patients. While the exact nature of the NO system defect in hypertension is still to be clarified, the vasoconstrictive and proatherogenic effects of endothelial dysfunction probably contribute to the cardiovascular complications associated with elevated blood pressure. Continued research targeted at the identification of the precise mechanism(s) responsible for endothelial dysfunction in hypertension may lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce the vascular complications associated with the hypertensive process.
The Frequency of Use, Performance and Status of Quantitative Techniques Employed in Marketing

This article reports on a study of 109 marketing practitioners who employed quantitative techniques and methodologies. Characteristics examined were use patterns, perceptions of current performance levels, and perceptions regarding current status of the techniques.
Leveraging BCS in Development: A Case Study.

In this work, we discuss leveraging the Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) in the development of edivoxetine HCl, a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor. First, the biopharmaceutical and in vivo data are presented and discussed. Solubility studies indicate that edivoxetine HCl meets the BCS “highly soluble” criteria. To determine permeability classifications, in vitro intestinal Caco-2 epithelial cell model with and without cyclosporin A (CsA), a common P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitor, were conducted. Pharmacokinetic (PK) data obtained across phase 1 and 2 clinical studies where single and multiple doses range from the lowest to the highest strength are presented. Neither the Caco-2 nor the in vivo data on their own were sufficient to conclusively classify edivoxetine as highly permeable. However, collectively the data were utilized to support high permeability and consequently BCS1 classification of edivoxetine HCl. BCS1 classification was leveraged throughout development to assess the r...
"On This, We Shall Build": the Struggle for Civil Rights in Portland, Oregon 1945-1953

Generally, Oregon historians begin Portland Civil Rights history with the development of Vanport and move quickly through the passage of the state’s public accommodations law before addressing the 1960s and 70s. Although these eras are ripe with sources and contentious experiences, 1945 to 1953 provide a complex struggle for civil rights in Portland, Oregon. This time period demonstrates the rise of local leaders, wartime racial tensions, and organizational efforts used to combat inequality. 1945 marked a watershed moment in Portland Civil Rights history exhibiting intergroup collaboration and interracial cooperation converging to eventually provide needed legislation. Although discrimination continued after 1953, the era between 1945 and 1953 provided an era of change upon which subsequent movements in Portland were based. My thesis uses material from various collections to piece together the early struggle for civil rights in Portland, and more broadly, Oregon. These documents show that the local struggle started before the classical phase of the Civil Rights Movement, usually defined as Brown v. Board of Education to the Civil Rights Act of 1964. By focusing on the classical phase of civil rights, historians miss the building of a strong foundation for Portland’s Civil Rights history. My research proves the existing nuances of the fight for equality by looking at local movements rather than the national struggle. This study demonstrates the nuances by focusing on rising racial tension, the efforts to document them, and the strategies used to combat discrimination.
Semi-supervised policy recommendation for online social networks

Fine-grained policy settings in social networking sites are becoming important for managing user privacy. Incorrect privacy policy settings can easily lead to leaks in private and personal information. At the same time, being too restrictive would reduce the benefits of online social networks. This is further complicated due to the growing adoption of social networks and the rapid growth in information uploading and sharing. The problem of facilitating policy settings has attracted the attention of numerous access control, and human–computer interaction researchers. The proposed solutions range from usable interfaces for policy settings to automated policy settings. We propose a fine-grained policy recommendation system that is based on an iterative semi-supervised learning approach which leverages the social graph propagation properties. Active learning and social graph properties are used to detect the most informative instances to be labeled as training sets. We implemented and tested our approach using both participant-labeled Facebook dataset and their real policy dataset extracted using the Facebook API. We compared our proposed approach to supervised learning and random walk-based approaches. Our approach provided higher accuracy and precision for both datasets. Collaborative active learning further improved the performance of our approach. Moreover, the accuracy and precision of our approach were maintained with the addition of new friends in the social graph.
Density functional theory model of amorphous zinc oxide (a-ZnO) and a-X0.375Z0.625O (X= Al, Ga and In)

Abstract Density functional theory calculations are carried out to study the topological and electronic structure of amorphous zinc oxide (a-ZnO). The models are chemically ordered with some coordination defects. Models of a-X 0.375 Z 0.625 O (X= Al, Ga and In) were also prepared by the “melt-quench” method using the density functional theory calculations. The trivalent dopants reduce the four-fold Zn and O, thereby introducing some coordination defects in the network. The dopants prefer to bond with O atoms. The network topology is discussed in detail. Dopants reduce the optical gap in the density of states by producing defect states while maintaining the extended nature of the conduction band edge.