cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Construction of a Category in Warring States Sources

This article examines the category of “Master” as it was used in texts produced during the Warring States. Though scholars have generally assumed that common conventions informed the role and figure of the Master across early texts, close analysis of the sources does not support this reading. The present essay focuses upon the figure of Mo Di as it is constructed in the anecdotes anthologized in the “Dialogues” of the Mozi , comparing the social, political, and economic roles the text ascribes to “Master Mozi” with those ascribed to figures such as Confucius and “Master Yan” in other roughly contemporary writings. Such a comparative reading reveals a distinctive and salient model of Mastership advocated by the early Mohists, which in turn demonstrates that basic categories such as “Master” and “disciple” were fluid and contested in the larger discourse of the Warring States. Cet article s’interesse a la categorie de “Maitre” telle qu’elle etait en usage dans les textes de l’epoque des Royaumes Combattants. Les specialistes considerent en general que la personne et le role du Maitre obeissaient a des conventions communes a tous les textes anciens, or cette lecture n’est pas confirmee par l’examen attentif des sources. Dans le cas present, l’attention se concentre sur la personne de Mo Di telle que l’elaborent les anecdotes recueillies dans les “dialogues” du Mozi . La comparaison est faite entre les fonctions sociales, politiques et economiques attribuees a “Maitre Mozi” dans le texte et celles qu’attribuent d’autres textes a peu pres contemporains a des personnalites telles que Confucius ou “Maitre Yan”. De la sorte est revele le modele distinctif et pertinent du “Maitre” promu par les premiers moistes, et est demontre du meme coup que des categories de bases comme “maitre” ou “disciple” dans le discours des Royaumes Combattants etaient a la fois fluides et contestees.
Ethical Issues Raised by the OLC Torture Memorandum

This article analyzes the August 1, 2002 Torture Memorandum from the Justice Department's Office of Legal Counsel, and examines the legal ethics implications of that memorandum. The article identifies three major inaccuracies in the Torture Memorandum. First, the memorandum incorrectly defines torture so narrowly that the prohibition on torture would apply only when an individual specifically intends to impose the kind of extreme pain that would be associated with organ damage or death. Second, the memorandum inaccurately asserts that a government official indicted for torture would be able to use an affirmative defense to gain an acquittal. Third, the memorandum claims that the Constitution allows the President to authorize torture even though Congress has prohibited it. The lawyers who wrote the Torture Memorandum appear to have violated two rules of professional ethics: Rule 2.1 requiring lawyers to be candid when they provide clients with legal advice, and Rule 1.4 requiring lawyers to adequately inform their clients. By investigating and - if appropriate - disciplining these lawyers, state bar authorities can hold accountable the lawyers who helped establish the Bush Administration policy of torturing detainees.
Floods of the Florida Everglades

Large areas in central and southern Florida are subject to seasonal flooding, since natural streams are inadequate to remove excess rainfall during wet seasons; major floods of record in Everglades and description of efforts to bring that area into productive use through flood and water control.
Information Worlds and Interpretive Practices: Toward an Integration of Domains

ABSTRACT This article proposes an interwoven three-part framework for conceptualizing and analyzing the role of infor-mation in human activities, melding the cognitive and affective domain of the individual, the collective domain of the social, and the domain of signification and communication practices, focusing on the ways in which indi-vidual characteristics, social context and interaction, and signification and representation work together to form information behavior. The article presents an overview of each of these three domains and discusses the ways in which they are intertwined. It argues that considering the three domains in relation to each other offers a holistic framework within which to consider the ways in which information – needs, behavior, creation, and use – depends simultaneously on all three. It concludes by offering a brief discussion of the implications of the framework for in-formation services, including (but not limited to) libraries. Keywords : Information Behavior, Information Seeking in Context, Semiotics, Hermeneutics
THU0177 ESR as a predictor of SLE disease activity and damage

Background The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is an inexpensive laboratory test for assessing the inflammatory response but is influenced by a wide range of factors, many of them unrelated to inflammation. Objectives To assess whether ESR levels correlate with the level of disease activity at each visit and whether a change in ESR could be useful in predicting future changes in disease activity. Methods 34000 visits in a prospective SLE cohort were analyzed for correlation between ESR and level of disease activity. A regression model of 12,000 pairs of visits separated by 80-100 days, with change in ESR as the independent and change in disease activity as the dependent variable was used to assess whether a change in ESR correlates with a concurrent change in disease activity. 6141 visit triplets (three consecutive visits where adjacent visits are separated by 80-100 days) were used for analysis of whether a change in ESR between the 1st and 2nd visit as the independent variable can predict a change in disease activity between the 2nd and 3rd visit as the dependent variable. Multiple linear regression models were used to adjust for age, race, gender, body mass index, complement levels, hematocrit, dsDNA, prednisone use, hydroxychloroquine use, and immunosuppressant use. Follow-up visits while patients had cancer, bacterial infection, pregnancy or were in renal failure were excluded. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, ESR correlated with SLEDAI, physician global assessment (PGA), fatigue, renal, joint, rash, serositis and hematological visual analogue scale as well as with proteinuria (p Conclusions ESR is one of the oldest markers of inflammation, but still retains its utility as a marker of disease activity and is strongly associated with disease activity in SLE measured by SLEDAI, PGA and with organ specific activity including serositis, rash, joint, renal and hematological visual analogue scale. A change in ESR between two visits was highly correlated with a change in PGA, renal, fatigue and joint VAS but not with changes in other organ activity indices. Changes in ESR between two visits do not predict changes in disease activity in a future visit. Until more specific biomarkers are validated, serial ESR may join the ranks of useful markers for assessing changes in renal disease activity. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
Comparative Reactivities of Aortic Strips from Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats to Epinephrine and Levarterenol

Rats were rendered hypertensive by two different technics. Isometric tensions developed by strips of aorta from these rats, when exposed to various concentrations of epinephrine and levarterenol, were compared with those developed by aortic strips from normotensive controls. Almost all of the aortic strips from the DCA-salt hypertensive rats responded with smaller contraction tensions to both pressor agents than did the corresponding control strips from the normotensive animals. The same was true for most of the strips obtained from the renal hypertensive rats. These results do not lend support to the hypothesis that vascular hyperreactivity is the basis of many forms of hypertension.
Involute abort guidance

This paper presents a nonlinear feedback abort guidance law for implementing autonomous decision and control capabilities for the next generation of reusable launch vehicles. In the first part of the paper, time optimal open-loop trajectories are presented for the Return-To-Launch-Site (RTLS) abort. Main features of these trajectories are gleaned for the design of the feedback guidance law. The control variables in this problem are flight-path angular rate and heading angular rate. The flight-path angular rate is used to control the altitude. The heading angular rate is used to control the ground track by tracking an involute of a circle centered near the edge of the landing strip. The two controls are nonlinearly constrained by the lift coefficient. It is shown that successful RTLS aborts using the feedback guidance scheme can be performed with sufficient altitude margins. The results compare quite well with those obtained using off-line optimization.
Twice Exceptionality From a Practitioner’s Perspective:

The new definition of twice exceptionality by the National Twice-Exceptional Community of Practice (2e CoP) is a tool that will facilitate communication and collaboration for practitioners in the r...
Differential lung blood flows in experimental unilateral emphysema: nonvalidity of perfusion scans.

As part of an evaluation of the effects of left lung transplantation in dogs with papain emphysema of the right lung, differential lung blood flows were estimated by in vivo scintiscan of 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) and, after sacrifice, by direct counting of isotopically labeled carbonized microspheres. In six dogs, percentage flow to the right lung was calculated at the following four times: before and after induction of papain emphysema and 2 and 6 weeks after left lung autotransplantation. After the induction of right lung emphysema, the right lung in four of six animals continued to receive more than 50 percent of the total pulmonary blood flow. No correlation could be established between right lung blood flow determined by carbonized microsphere distribution (true right lung blood flow) and the flow determined by anterior and posterior scintiscans (apparent right lung blood flow). This discrepancy was caused by gross distortion of the right, emphysematous lungs, which had herniated into the left hemithoraces. This herniation was demonstrated by coronal slices taken through the thoraces of two additional dogs with right lung emphysema that were given radiolabeled carbonized microspheres and 99mTc-MAA and frozen after sacrifice. These results indicate that external scintiscans for which the particulate distribution technique are used are invalid in circumstances of altered lung geometry.
DEFECTIVE HOST-CELL REACTIVATION OF UV-IRRADIATED HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS BY BLOOM'S SYNDROME SKIN FIBROBLASTS

ABSTRACT Reactivation of UV-irradiated Herpes simplex virus was studied by infectious centers assay in three strains of skin fibroblasts derived from Bloom's syndrome patients. The results indicate that strain GM 1492 is defective in this process, but this defect does not correlate with increased cellular sensitivity to ultraviolet light. Caffeine had no apparent effect on either host-cell reactivation or clonogenic survival.
Spontaneous Hypoglycemia After Islet Autotransplantation for Chronic Pancreatitis.

Context: Spontaneous hypoglycemia has been reported in patients after total pancreatectomy (TP) and islet autotransplantation (IAT) with maintained insulin independence. Details surrounding these events have not been well described. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the frequency and characteristics of spontaneous hypoglycemia in patients undergoing TP-IAT and/or to ascertain predictive or protective factors of its development. Design: This was an observational cohort study in 40 patients who underwent TP-IAT from August 2008 to May 2014, with a median follow-up of 34 months. Setting: The study was conducted at a single institution (Cleveland Clinic). Patients: Patients included recipients of TP-IAT. Intervention: The intervention included small, frequent meals in those patients who developed spontaneous hypoglycemia. Main Outcome Measures: Incidence of spontaneous hypoglycemia development, characteristics of the patients developing hypoglycemia, and their response to small, frequent ...
Day-To-Day Affect is Surprisingly Stable: A 2-Year Longitudinal Study of Well-Being

Previous research suggests global assessments of cognitive well-being-life satisfaction-are relatively stable over time. Far fewer studies have examined the extent to which experiential measures of affective well-being-the moods/emotions people regularly experience-are stable, especially over extended periods of time. The present study used longitudinal data from a representative sample of Germans to investigate the long-term stability of different components of well-being. Participants provided global ratings of life satisfaction and affect, along with experiential measures of well-being up to three times over two years. Results indicated between one third and one half of the variance in people's daily affect was attributable to trait-like latent variables. Replicating meta-analytic findings, 50% of the variance in global measures of well-being was attributable to trait-like latent variables.
Covalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanomaterials with Iodonium Salts

Covalent functionalization significantly enhances the utility of carbon nanomaterials for many applications. Herein, we report an efficient method for the covalent functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphite. This reaction involves the reduction of carbon nanomaterials with sodium naphthalide, followed by the addition of diaryliodonium salts. CNTs, including single-walled, double-walled, and multi-walled variants (SWCNTs, DWCNTs, and MWCNTs, respectively), as well as graphite, can be efficiently functionalized with substituted arene and heteroarene iodonium salts. The preferential transfer of phenyl groups containing electron-withdrawing groups was demonstrated by reactions with unsymmetrical iodonium salts. The lower reactivity of iodonium salts, relative to the more commonly used diazonium ions, presents opportunities for greater diversity in the selective functionalization of carbon nanomaterials.
Software citation, reuse and metadata considerations: an exploratory study examining LAMMPS

Scientific software is as important to scientific studies as raw data. Yet, attention to this genre of research data is limited in studies on data reuse, citation, and metadata standards. This paper presents results from an exploratory study that examined how scientific software's reuse information is presented in the current citation practice and natural language descriptions in research papers. We selected LAMMPS, popular simulation software used in material science, for this study. Both descriptive metadata elements and the types of reuse are examined from a sample of 400 research papers. The results indicate that both descriptive metadata elements and reuse types about LAMMPS are presented in incomplete and inconsistent ways, and this interferes with the values of scientific software, as a type of research data. Our findings necessitate future studies on the metadata standards to facilitate the identification of information related with scientific software reuse.
Abstract 9: Two Distinct Roles of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-2 (PAI) and PAI-1 in Deep Vein Thrombosis

Objectives: Urokinase-plasminogen activator (uPA) has a vital role in deep vein thrombosis (DVT). While PAI-1 is the main inhibitor of uPA in vivo, PAI-2, found mostly intracellularly, has proven t...
Red light improves spermatozoa motility and does not induce oxidative DNA damage

The ability to successfully fertilize ova relies upon the swimming ability of spermatozoa. Both in humans and in animals, sperm motility has been used as a metric for the viability of semen samples. Recently, several studies have examined the efficacy of low dosage red light exposure for cellular repair and increasing sperm motility. Of prime importance to the practical application of this technique is the absence of DNA damage caused by radiation exposure. In this study, we examine the effect of 633 nm coherent, red laser light on sperm motility using a novel wavelet-based algorithm that allows for direct measurement of curvilinear velocity under red light illumination. This new algorithm gives results comparable to the standard computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. We then assess the safety of red light treatment of sperm by analyzing, (1) the levels of double-strand breaks in the DNA, and (2) oxidative damage in the sperm DNA. The results demonstrate that for the parameters used there are insignificant differences in oxidative DNA damage as a result of irradiation.
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function Of Gold-Plated Sandpaper

The use of gold-plated sandpaper was investigated as a standard Lambertian reference reflector. Various grit sizes from 3 μm to 400 μm and material types (i.e., silicon carbide or aluminum oxide, were studied. The different gold-plated sandpaper grit sizes were measured in the same way using three laser wavelengths (0.6328 μm, 3.39 μm, and 10.6 μm) at five angles of incidence of the source (0', 10°, 20°, 30°, and 60'). All the scatter-ing measurements presented were taken in the plane of incidence. The best choice of sand-paper grit size was compared to other commonly used reflectors such as magnesium oxide, halon, sintered bronze, and flowers of sulfur. An attempt was made to correlate surface roughness (size of grit) to the degree of approximation to a good Lambertian reflector, but it was found that grit size is not as important as filling factor, or density of particles, over a given area. It was found that fairly good approximations to Lambertian behavior result when the angle of incidence is small, but not when the angle of incidence is as large as 60°.
Neurological effects of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors: direct comparisons

Aims Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors considerably alter the lipid profile. We sought to examine the rates of ischaemic stroke and neurocognitive deficits in patients treated with and without PCSK9 inhibitors. Methods and results Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting rates of ischaemic stroke and neurocognitive deficits in patients using PCSK9 inhibitors were identified. Standard meta-analysis techniques were used to compare these outcomes among patients treated with and without PCSK9 inhibitors and the two US Food and Drug Administration-approved PCSK9 inhibitors, evolocumab and alirocumab. The results were presented in terms of risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Sixteen RCTs with 39 104 patients were included. Evolocumab was used in six RCTs with 33 450 patients, whereas alirocumab was used in 10 RCTs with 5654 patients. We observed a significantly lower risk of ischaemic stroke among those treated with PCSK9 inhibitors (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.64-0.93) when compared with those without. We did not observe any difference in the risk of neurocognitive deficits between the aforementioned groups (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.93-1.32). The lower stroke risk in the PCSK9 inhibitors group was driven by evolocumab studies. We observed no difference in the risk of neurocognitive deficits among evolocumab and alirocumab when compared with no PCSK9 inhibitors group. Conclusion Treatment with PCSK9 inhibitors significantly lowers the risk of ischaemic stroke, without any increased risk of neurocognitive deficits. PCSK9 inhibitors are neuroprotective due to the decrease in ischaemic-mediated neurovascular events and should be considered cognitively innocuous medications.
The Reserve of Forgetting

This chapter documents the opposite phenomena, examining points of divergence and dissonance, where memories are in conflict. My fieldwork shows that at times Greek-Cypriots and Turkish-Cypriots remembered the same places in radically different ways. I investigate the reasons behind this divergence by exploring the influence of national narratives, official histories, and symbolic representations of place. First describing the influence of these forces on individual memories of place, the chapter then illustrates the potential of place as a ‘reserve of forgetting’—a resource that can be mined to recover memories that have been obscured by these images. This theory is developed as a means of reconceptualizing and filling in the gaps emerging in contemporary readings and experiences of places influenced by official ideologies. While an older generation of shopkeepers were able to access the reserve of forgetting, because they had prior knowledge of the city before its division, a younger generation of Cypriots know this site only through representations.
Systemic lupus erythematosus and the risk of perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease. The relationship between SLE and perioperative cardiovascular risks following non-cardiac surgery is uncertain. We investigated associations between a diagnosis of SLE and outcomes following major non-cardiac surgery in a large national database from the United States. Patients age ≥ 18 years requiring major non-cardiac surgery were identified from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project’s National Inpatient Sample data from 2004 to 2014. Systemic lupus erythematosus and perioperative major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke or death) were defined by ICD-9 diagnosis codes. Perioperative MACE were reported for SLE patients stratified by age and sex. From 2004 to 2014, a total of 17,853,194 hospitalizations for major non-cardiac surgery met study inclusion criteria. SLE was identified in 70,578 (0.4%) hospitalizations. Overall, the frequency of perioperative MACE was higher in patients with vs. without SLE [2.4 vs. 2.0%, p < 0.001; adjusted OR (aOR) 1.25; 95% CI 1.18–1.31]. Perioperative MACE associated with SLE was largely driven by increased death (aOR 1.58 95% CI 1.40–1.77) and myocardial infarction (aOR 1.32; 95% CI 1.05–1.66) in younger patients with SLE. The increased risk of perioperative MACE associated with SLE in younger patients was attenuated with increasing age. A diagnosis of SLE is associated with increased risk of perioperative MACE, particularly among younger patients. Efforts to improve the perioperative management and outcomes of patients with SLE are needed.
Bitter Freedom: Ireland in a Revolutionary World 1918–1923. By Maurice Walsh. (New York, NY: Liveright Publishing Corporation, 2015. Pp. 352. $35.00.)

Much good work has already been published on the Irish War of Independence. But Maurice Walsh's Bitter Freedom is the most ambitious attempt yet to blend high and low politics, the council room and...
Development of a Myeloproliferative Disorder in Beagles Continuously Exposed to 90Sr

In a continuing study of the toxicity of 90Sr in beagles exposed continuously from mid-gestation to 1.5 years of age, a myeloproliferative disorder has arisen in dogs fed the two highest dose levels, 12 and 4 µCi 90Sr/day, respectively. Ten cases have occurred thus far at the highest level and 4 at the second highest, the difference in incidence being approximately equal to the threefold difference in dose rate. Age at onset has ranged from 14 to 72 months, and cumulative dose rates up to the time of death have varied from about 1,000 to 10,000 rads. The 14 cases of myeloproliferative disorder present a morphologic spectrum which manifest in the acute form as granulocytic leukemia and in the chronic form resemble myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MMM). Anemia, poikilocytosis, anisocytosis, hypochromasia and terminal thrombocytopenia were constant features. Terminal leukocyte counts ranged from 3,300 to 38,900 cells/ mm3, with various degrees of shift to the left. Splenomegaly was the salient gross finding in most dogs. Major histologic lesions were pronounced granulocytic proliferation in bone marrow and spleen, with concomitant erythroid and megakaryocytic depletion. Liver, lymph nodes and a variety of other organs had less extensive and less frequent involvement. In the most acute cases, bone marrow and spleen contained cell populations composed almost entirely of blast cells. This experimental situation should serve to shed light on fundamental aspects of radiation-induced granulocytic leukemia and might help to clarify the relationship between granulocytic leukemia and MMM.
Homerun: scalable sparse-spectrum reconstruction of aggregated historical data

Recovering a time sequence of events from multiple aggregated and possibly overlapping reports is a major challenge in historical data fusion. The goal is to reconstruct a higher resolution event sequence from a mixture of lower resolution samples as accurately as possible. For example, we may aim to disaggregate overlapping monthly counts of people infected with measles into weekly counts. In this paper, we propose a novel data disaggregation method, called HomeRun, that exploits an alternative representation of the sequence and finds the spectrum of the target sequence. More specifically, we formulate the problem as so-called basis pursuit using the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) as a sparsifying dictionary and impose non-negativity and smoothness constraints. HomeRun utilizes the energy compaction feature of the DCT by finding the sparsest spectral representation of the target sequence that contains the largest (most important) coefficients. We leverage the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers to solve the resulting optimization problem with scalable and memory efficient steps. Experiments using real epidemiological data show that our method considerably outperforms the state-of-the-art techniques, especially when the DCT of the sequence has a high degree of energy compaction.
Frequency and outcomes of melanoma subtypes in a diverse population: The Los Angeles County – University of Southern California (LAC-USC) Medical Center experience.

e21063Background: Melanoma is a biologically heterogeneous disease that varies by ethnicity and histology. While superficial spreading (SSM) histology is the most common subtype in non-Hispanic whi...
Ancient Curses in Bath: Oral Oaths, Lead Etchings, and the Impact on Biblical Interpretation

In 1979 the discovery of a cache of curse tablets from the sacred springs of the temple of Sulis Minerva in Bath brought to light some processes by which inscriptions were produced and employed by people outside of the upper class of Greco-Roman society. The tablets reveal that professional scribes were hired by supplicants to assist with the composition of their requests and the inscription onto lead tablets before being cast into the sacred spring. Such attention to the written form of the curses is intriguing in light of the fact that the majority of the supplicants could not read these inscriptions. In addition to the tablets that appear to be etched by professional scribes at Bath, there are also tablets that contain pseudo-inscriptions, mere markings that appear to be an attempt at replicating letters. These pseudo-inscriptions, while they did not contain the official lettering of a spoken curse, conveyed the added import that an etched tablet made to the supplication. The Bath tablets present a new view of the function of writing in a non-literate society, which has implications for the way that Biblical texts were viewed in their ancient contexts, vis-A -vis the oral transmission of the sacred message.
The Association Between Posttraumatic Negative Self‐Conscious Cognitions and Emotions and Maladaptive Behaviors: Does Time Since Trauma Exposure Matter?

Negative beliefs about the self, self-blame, guilt, and shame have been consistently linked to emotional problems, such as posttraumatic stress disorder and depression, following trauma exposure. To expand understanding of the potential role of negative self-conscious cognitions and emotions in other forms of posttrauma maladjustments, such as maladaptive behaviors, the current study examined the associations between these cognitions and emotions with dissociation, alcohol use, and avoidant problem-solving. As a secondary goal, the influence of time since trauma exposure was considered given recent data suggesting that some posttraumatic responses require lengthier time following trauma to become salient. Multiple-group analysis was conducted in two groups of female survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV): women whose IPV experiences occurred within 3 months prior to assessment (early posttrauma phase [EPP]; n = 67) and those whose experiences occurred 12 months or more prior to assessment (chronic posttrauma phase [CPP]; n = 145). The results suggested model invariance. Posttraumatic negative self-conscious cognitions and emotions were significantly correlated with dissociation (EPP group: β = .61, p < .001 and CPP group: β = .48, p < .001), alcohol use (EPP group: β = .31, p = .014 and CPP group: β = .30, p < .001), and avoidant problem-solving (EPP group: β = .58, p < .001 and CPP group: β = .56, p < .001). The findings highlight the importance of negative self-conscious cognitions and emotions in posttrauma maladjustment and support intervening in these domains shortly after trauma exposure.
Annexin 2 protein expression is associated with breast cancer subtypes in African American women.

Abstract Background A review of literature on the expression of Annexin 2 in cancer has shown that there is very limited research work on the association of this protein with breast cancer aggressiveness in African Americans. In the present study, TMA breast tissues from African American women were stained with Annexin 2 antibody to determine the association between the molecular subtypes and Annexin 2 protein expression. Method An annotated case series of 135 breast cancer tissues archived from 2000 to 2010 was acquired from the Howard University Tumor Registry. The association between ANX2 expression and survival by molecular subtypes Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2, and Triple Negative (TN) was assessed using Multinomial regression, chi-square analysis, and Kaplan-Meir graphs (Stata 11). Results Our findings show a marked association between ANX2 protein expression in Luminal B and HER2 subtypes unadjusted and when adjusted for age. Borderline differences in tumor grade were found in TN only. Univariately, age ( Conclusion ANX2 might be a biomarker of aggressiveness and a relevant candidate biomarker in high risk African American women with Luminal B and HER2 breast cancer.
Risk of Renal Failure Within 10 or 20 Years of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Diagnosis.

Objective The frequency of end stage renal disease from SLE in the United States has not improved over the last few decades in large population datasets. Understanding the risk factors for renal failure in SLE could lead to earlier detection of lupus nephritis and potentially more effective treatments in those with markers of poor prognosis. Methods The Hopkins Lupus Cohort, comprised of 2,528 patients was used. 151 patients experienced renal failure after SLE diagnosis, defined as dialysis or renal transplant. We estimated the risk of renal failure in subgroups defined by demographics, laboratory tests and ACR/SLICC Classification criteria satisfied within one year of SLE diagnosis. Results The overall incidence of renal failure within 20 years of SLE diagnosis was 8.4%. The risk was much higher (20.0%) among those who experienced proteinuria within the first year of diagnosis. Demographic predictors included African American ethnicity (rate ratio 1.82, p=0.0012) and age less than 30 years at SLE diagnosis (rate ratio 1.96 vs. those with diagnosis over 40 years of age, p=0.019). Among immunologic markers, low C3 was a strong predictor of renal failure (Rate ratio 2.00, p=0.0011). Conclusion Proteinuria within the first year of diagnosis of SLE is one of the most important predictors of end stage renal disease. Our data also confirm African American ethnicity, younger age at SLE diagnosis and low C3 as strong predictors of renal failure.
Parental Academic Involvement and Youth Well-Being in Post-Divorce Families

Using data from 340 divorced parents (58.2% mothers) with a child between 10- and 18-years-old, we tested if parental academic involvement was associated with youth post-divorce well-being. Results...
Proprietary Reasons and Joint Action

Some of the reasons one acts on in joint action are shared with fellow participants. But others are proprietary: reasons of one’s own that have no direct practical significance for other participants. The compatibility of joint action with proprietary reasons serves to distinguish the former from other forms of collective agency; moreover, it is arguably a desirable feature of joint action. Advocates of “team reasoning” link the special collective intention individual participants have when acting together with a distinctive form of practical reasoning that purports to put individuals in touch with group or collective reasons. Such views entail the surprising conclusion that one cannot engage in joint action for proprietary reasons. Suppose we understand the contrast between minimal and robust forms of joint action in terms of the extent to which participants act on proprietary reasons as opposed to shared reasons. Then, if the team reasoning view of joint intention and action is correct, it makes no sense to talk of minimal joint action. As soon as the reason for which one participates is proprietary, then one is not, on this view, genuinely engaged in joint action.
METABOLIC ASPECTS OF CHEMORECEPTION IN THE CAROTID BODY

Publisher Summary This chapter analyzes metabolic aspects of chemoreception in the carotid body. In a study described in the chapter, it was demonstrated that the stimulatory effects of electron transport inhibitors and uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation were augmented by hypoxia. The chapter presents an example of the effects of cyanide—an electron transport inhibitor—on cat carotid chemoreceptor activity at three levels of PaO2. Chemoreceptor afferent activity in a strand of the cut carotid sinus nerve of the anesthetized cat was monitored. Sodium cyanide was administered through a femoral vein. The same dose of cyanide caused greater stimulation at successively lower levels of PaO2. Sodium azide showed a similar pattern of stimulation. With hypoxia, the baseline activity increased hyperbolically; the effects of both cyanide and azide also increased hyperbolically with hypoxia. This similarity supports the notion that the mechanism of the two effects might be the same. These results, however, do not distinguish between effects on the oxidation–reduction of the respiratory chain and the effects on phosphorylation because cyanide and azide affect both.
Implementation of a school-based Fitbit program for youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A feasibility study.

Abstract Background School settings may be optimal for physical activity interventions for youth with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Additionally, consumer-based fitness trackers may encourage youth with ASD to increase their physical activity levels, however, no studies have examined whether a fitness tracker program would be feasible in youth with ASD. Objective To examine the feasibility of a 12-week school-based Fitbit© program for youth with ASD. Methods Six classroom teachers and their students (n = 45) were provided with Fitbit fitness trackers to wear over 12-weeks. Classroom teachers monitored student tracker use and completed open-ended surveys to describe both their experience and their students’ experience with the fitness trackers. Results Out of the 45 eligible students, 42 (94%) opted to participate in the study. All six teachers and 32 (76%) of the 42 students wore the fitness tracker daily over 12 weeks. Teachers reported that students were most interested in tracking their daily steps, and the short batter life, and account set-up were the biggest challenges to students. All six teachers felt that this program could have long-term sustainability, especially if tracker use could be incorporated into school curriculum and classroom activities. Conclusions A school-based Fitbit program appears to be both feasible, and well-accepted by students with ASD. Future work should evaluate the preliminary efficacy of this type of program.
UNIT 4.30 Production of a Heterozygous Mutant Cell Line by Homologous Recombination (Single Knockout)

Gene targeting by homologous recombination is a powerful and widely used technique for introduction of specific gene mutations (frequently a gene inactivation) in transgenic animals. The basic method detailed in this unit uses sequences homologous to the endogenous gene flanking the mutation. While methods using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) and recombineering may be used, in most cases simpler bacterial plasmid clones with several kb of homology are sufficient. This protocol details the strategic factors in designing the constructs for selection and screening for homologous recombination. Curr. Protoc. Neurosci. 55:4.30.1-4.30.12. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Keywords: homologous recombination; heterozygous mouse; mutation; single knockout
Safety and Antibody Kinetics of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma for the Treatment of Moderate to Severe Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Pediatric Patients.

BACKGROUND: Therapies against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its life-threatening respiratory infection coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been evaluated, including COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP). Multiple large reports of CCP treatment in adults exist. Pediatric data on CCP safety and efficacy are limited. METHODS: Single-center prospective, open-label trial looking at safety, antibody kinetics and outcomes of CCP (10 mL/kg, max 1 unit) treatment for COVID-19 in hospitalized pediatric patients with moderate to severe disease or at high risk for serious illness. RESULTS: Thirteen patients were enrolled. No infusion-related adverse events occurred. No hematological or metabolic adverse events were noted during hospitalization or at 3-weeks. Ten patients had clinical improvement by day 7 (WHO eight-category ordinal severity scale for COVID-19). Following CCP, anti-SARS-CoV-2 anti-nucleocapsid IgG increased significantly at 24 hours and high levels were sustained at 7- and 21-days. Transient IgM response was noted. Twelve patients (92.3%) were discharged home, 9 (75%) by day 7 post-CCP. One remained on invasive ventilatory support 42 days after CCP and was eventually discharged to an intermediate care facility. The single patient death was retrospectively confirmed to have had brain death before CCP. CONCLUSION: CCP was well tolerated in pediatric patients, resulted in rapid antibody increase, and did not appear to interfere with immune responses measured at 21 days. More pediatric data are necessary to establish the efficacy of CCP, but our data suggest benefit in moderate to severe COVID-19 when used early. Other immunological or antiviral interventions may be added as supported by emerging data.
Polonius as Anti-Close Reader: Toward a Poetics of the Putz

In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, the prince famously expresses a poetics and a theory of theater and of the arts, extolling, for example, a naturalistic method of acting. Less well known is that Polonius, the bungling and long-winded courtier, also expresses a poetics—albeit a poetics that the play, or at least Hamlet, constantly mocks. Polonius’s poetics offers a negative model, suggesting what the reception of art and literature and even the world should not be like. Polonius is an anti-close reader in that he leaps quickly to action (usually by imposing past, commonplace wisdom onto present situations) and claims a proto-empiricist distance from the objects of his study. What he consistently rejects is patient receptivity to the unknown particularity of poetry, people, and events.
On-tissue boronic acid derivatization for the analysis of vicinal diol metabolites in maize with MALDI-MS imaging

Derivatization reactions are commonly used in mass spectrometry to improve analyte signals, specifically by enhancing the ionization efficiency of those compounds. Vicinal diols are one group of biologically important compounds that have been commonly derivatized using boronic acid. In this study, a boronic acid with a tertiary amine was adapted for the derivatization of vicinal diol metabolites in B73 maize tissue cross-sections for mass spectrometry imaging analysis. Using this method, dozens of vicinal diol metabolites were derivatized, effectively improving the signal of those metabolites. Many of these metabolites were tentatively assigned using high-resolution accurate mass measurements. In addition, reaction interference and cross-reactivity with various other functional groups were systematically studied to verify data interpretation.
Clinical Relevance of Masks in the Operating Room? A Systematic Review

Abstract Background Face masks are recommended for sterile procedures, while the data supporting this recommendation is lacking. Here we systematically review randomized control trials on mask efficacy in the operating room as a means to preventing surgical site clinical infection. Methods PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Publications and Products were searched and articles were included if they fit the criteria of 1) randomized control trial, 2) clinical patient outcomes, 3) mask efficacy, 4) surgery setting, 5) in vivo, and 6) article was in English. Results The results indicate no difference in surgical site infections between the operations where masks were worn versus the operations where no mask was worn. Conclusion With such limited evidence and the great cost that accrues from purchasing face masks for all surgical staff, we hope for larger, well designed randomized control trials to evaluate the true clinical efficacy of surgical masks in the operating room.
Examining the Psychometric Properties of the Digital Scale of Perceived Motor Competence in young children

This study examined the psychometric properties (i.e., reliability and validity) of the Digital Scale of Perceived Motor Competence (DSPMC) in preschool-aged children. One hundred eighteen children (Mage = 4.5) completed Study 1 on internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and 87 children (Mage = 4.5) completed Study 2 on construct validity. Study 1 results support that the DSPMC demonstrates an acceptable internal consistency at both the initial (α = 0.78) and retest (α = 0.75) and good test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.76-0.89). Study 2 results demonstrate that the DSPMC is significantly correlated to two other measures of perceived competence (rrange = 0.25-0.39) and all actual motor skill subscales (rrange = 0.23-0.39). These results support that the DSPMC is a valid and reliable tool to measure perceived competence in young children.
Glucoregulation and coping behavior after chronic stress in rats: Sex differences across the lifespan.

Abstract The purpose of the current study was to determine how biological sex shapes behavioral coping and metabolic health across the lifespan after chronic stress. We hypothesized that examining chronic stress-induced behavioral and endocrine outcomes would reveal sex differences in the biological basis of susceptibility. During late adolescence, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats experienced chronic variable stress (CVS). Following completion of CVS, all rats experienced a forced swim test (FST) followed 3 days later by a fasted glucose tolerance test (GTT). The FST was used to determine coping in response to a stressor. Endocrine metabolic function was evaluated in the GTT by measuring glucose and corticosterone, the primary rodent glucocorticoid. Rats then aged to 15 months when the FST and GTT were repeated. In young rats, chronically stressed females exhibited more passive coping and corticosterone release in the FST. Additionally, chronically stressed females had elevated corticosterone and impaired glucose clearance in the GTT. Aging affected all measurements as behavioral and endocrine outcomes were sex specific. Furthermore, regression analysis between hormonal and behavioral responses identified associations depending on sex and stress. Collectively, these data indicate increased female susceptibility to the effects of chronic stress during adolescence. Further, translational investigation of coping style and glucose homeostasis may identify biomarkers for stress-related disorders.
Lure of the Integers

Mathematicians and laymen alike have always been fascinated by simple numbers. This book is an introduction to a mythical book which might go under the name The Book of the Integers, that has on page n all of the interesting properties of the integer n. This introductory book stems from the collection of many years' casual accumulation of numerical facts, especially from the theory of numbers. No deep or profound mathematical background is required to understand the material, however much of it is sufficient out of the mainstream that even professional mathematicians may be unfamiliar with the results. There are many references to the literature to enable the reader to track down further information.
Stereo Without Search

Search is not inherent in the correspondence problem. We propose a representation of images, called intrinsic curves, that combines the ideas of associative storage of images with connectedness of the representation: intrinsic curves are the paths that a set of local image descriptors trace as an image scanline is traversed from left to right. Curves become surfaces when full images are considered instead of scanlines. Because only the path in the space of descriptors is used for matching, intrinsic curves lose track of space, and are invariant with respect to disparity under ideal circumstances. Establishing stereo correspondences then becomes a trivial lookup problem. We also show how to use intrinsic curves to match real images in the presence of noise, brightness bias, contrast fluctuations, and moderate geometric distortion, and we show how intrinsic curves can be used to deal with image ambiguity and occlusions. We carry out experiments on single-scanline matching to prove the feasibility of the approach and illustrate its main features.
Theory of eddy current inspection of layered metals

We report an inverse method for determining the near-surface electrical conductivity of flat, layered (one-dimensional) metal plates from measurements of the frequency-dependent impedance of a small right-cylindrical air-core coil placed next to the metal surface and driven by an alternating current. This is an inverse problem for the diffusion equation with complex wavevector in "one and a half dimensions" . We use variational least-squares to fit experimentally measured impedances. The fit is based on a recent closed-form analytic solution for a model conductivity profile that varies as a constant plus a hyperbolic tangent with depth into the sample. The model profile depends on three parameters, which roughly correspond to: (1) the thickness of the surface layer, (2) the change in conductivity and (3) the shaipness of the transition from surface to bulk conductivity. Data were obtained by measuring the impedance of a 1 mm radius coil between 1 kHz and 1 MHz for five flat Cu and Ti plates whose surface layers extended to depths on the order of 0.25 mm. We extended the range of the study by using simulated data, which were obtained by solving the forward problem numerically. Good estimates for the "average" conductivity profile were obtained when the conductivity was maximum (minimum) at the surface and decreased (increased) monotonically to the bulk conductivity as a function of dep± into the sample. The thickness, conductivity change and the profile diffuseness were successfully inferred from experiment.