cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Waveform Characteristics and Focal Mechanism Solutions of Five Aftershocks of the 1983 Goodnow, New York, Earthquake by Polarization Analysis and Waveform Modeling

Waveforms of the direct P-, SV- and SH-waves of five 1983 Goodnow, New York, aftershocks ( m b = 1.4–3.1), locally recorded at four hard-rock sites (epicentral distances=1.9–8.0 km) with GEOS systems, were studied to obtain their focal mechanism solutions by waveform fit using both systematic search and moment tensor inversion. Both synthetic and observed data were low-pass filtered at 10 Hz to reduce sensitivity to shallow earth structure. It was discovered that only the first cycle of P-wave and S-wave appear to have pure direct body wave characteristics. The strong P- and S-coda have no stable polarization. The five aftershocks have similar locations, identical P-first motions, but varying direct S-waveforms. A layered velocity model with a P-wave velocity of 4.4 km/s in the surface layer was derived. Fault plane solutions of four events indicate reverse faulting mechanisms that have a near horizontal P-axis with a strike of ENE. This is similar to the fault plane solution of the mainshock (October 7, 1983, m b = 5.1) and the composite focal mechanism of the aftershocks. Four aftershocks occurred on the fault planes with the strike NW-N and dip of 52°–64° toward NE-E. The fifth event studied has significant strike-slip motion with the P axis is also nearly horizontal and oriented NE. The results of systematic search technique agree well with those of moment tensor inversion. The first motion directions, pulse widths, amplitudes, amplitude ratios and arrival times of the direct P-, SV- and SH-phases of the synthetic seismograms are consistent with those of the observed seismograms. The results of the research demonstrated that the S-wave amplitude can provide important constraints on the focal mechanism.
Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) Bottlebrush Block Copolymer Morphology Transitions: Influence of Side Chain Length and Volume Fraction

A systematic study was conducted to investigate the morphology transitions that occur in polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) bottlebrush block copolymers (BBCP) upon varying PEO volume fraction (fPEO) from 22% to 81%. A series of PS-b-PEO BBCPs with different PEO side chain lengths were prepared using ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of PEO–norbornene (PEO-NB) (Mn ∼ 0.75, 2.0, or 5.0 kg/mol) and PS–norbornene (PS-NB) (Mn ∼ 3.5 kg/mol) macromonomers (MM). A map of fPEO versus side chain asymmetry (Mn(PEO-NB)/Mn(PS-NB)) was constructed to describe the BBCP phase behavior. Symmetric and asymmetric lamellar morphologies were observed in the BBCPs over an exceptionally wide range of fPEO from 28% to 72%. At high fPEO, crystallization of PEO was evident. Temperature-controlled SAXS and WAXS revealed the presence of high order reflections arising from phase segregation above the PEO melting point. A microphase transition temperature TMST was observed over a temperature range of 150–180...
“Come Together”: Dialogue and (Dis)Connection in the Beatles’ Lyrics

AbstractThe article analyzes the Beatles’ 183 original recorded lyrics as a body of work, highlighting the lyrics’ thematic diversification and increasing narrative complexity as of 1965–66. Dialogical elements characterizing many Beatles lyrics extended to audiences the sense of collective intimacy that formed the core of the band’s identity and appeal. Group vocal arrangements on Sergeant Pepper’s Lonely Hearts Club Band permitted “heteroglossic dialog” through which the writers expressed and sought to reconcile the cultural and social tensions they perceived in their own lives and in the wider world. Lyrical innovations enabled the authors to respond to social and cultural currents—particularly how electronic media, drugs, and spiritual practices could bridge social, political, and interpersonal divisions and distances, yet also foster isolation and self-absorption. Lyrics on Pepper articulate this dialectic of connection and atomization.
Continuing a Culture of Evidence: Expanding Skills in Higher Education

From 2006 to 2008, Educational Testing Service (ETS) produced a series of reports titled A Culture of Evidence, designed to capture a changing climate in higher education assessment. A decade later, colleges and universities face a new set of challenges resulting from societal, technological, and other influences, leading to a need to augment the skills expected of college graduates. This report is one of a new series of reports by ETS describing current issues and trends in higher education with a focus on assessment. In this report, we discuss shifts in cognitive and noncognitive skills expected of college graduates in response to new educational and occupational demands. In particular, we describe these demands, the factors influencing them, and the impact of these factors on the instruction and assessment of skills needed for success in higher education and the workforce.
Reframing Islamic Art for the 21st Century

The celebrated Islamic galleries at The Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York reopened in 2011 as “Galleries for the Art of Arab Lands, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Later South Asia.” Other major collections of Islamic art have been reorganized and reinstalled in Berlin, Cairo, Cleveland, Copenhagen, Detroit, Kuwait, London, Los Angeles, Paris, and Singapore, and new museums of Islamic art have been established in Doha, Qatar; Honolulu, Hawaii; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, and Sharjah, U.A.E. In addition, the first museum in North America dedicated to Islamic art recently opened in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. This article explores this global phenomenon, identifying it as both a literal and conceptual “reframing of Islamic art for the 21st century,” setting the world stage for new developments in cultural understanding. Keywords: Islamic art, Metropolitan Museum of Art, “Art of Arab Lands, Turkey, Iran, Central Asia, and Later South Asia”
The Developmental Trajectory of Cultural Mediation (I)

In this chapter, I examine the powerful role of cultural mediation in human development – the topic not only of key importance in Vygotsky’s works but also of interest to a broad community of scholars recently pushing for novel understandings of the human mind as distributed, situated, embodied, and dialogical.
The University Student Tradition in Brazil

Almost every day our newspapers feature accounts of student ferment on one or another of the university campuses in both the “developed” and “developing” nations around the globe. University students appear to have become extremely active in recent years in attempting to influence policy decisions taken by both administrators of higher education and government officials. In Brazil, however, such student political activism is clearly not just a recent phenomenon. While Brazilian university students have played an increasingly important role in national politics since World War II, most recently in their outspoken opposition to the military-dominated governments of the late Castello Branco and that of President Artur Costa e Silva, they enjoy an important tradition of student political activism that cannot be overlooked. In fact, accepting the suggestions made with real insight by E. Wight Bakke regarding the causes of student activism, we find that an examination of the student tradition in Brazil helps to explain current student agitation.
Megakaryocytic Leukemia: Identification Utilizing Anti-factor VIII Immunoperoxidase

Coagulation Factor VIII is produced by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes. Antibody directed against Factor VIII or its associated antigens has been shown to be a sensitive marker for both normal and neoplastic endothelial cells. Its use to identify neoplastic megakaryocytes has not been described. We used immunoperoxidase localization of Factor VIII to identify megakaryocytes and immature megakaryocytic precursors in a case of megakaryocytic leukemia.
Relevance of Nuclear Desalination as an Alternative to Water Transfer Geoengineering Projects: Example of China

Abstract Critical assessment of mega projects is emerging as a much-needed discipline in an era when, in many places, resource demands exceed environmental capacity. Using the Desalination Economic Evaluation Program developed by the International Atomic Energy Agency, we show that by 2030, China will have the capacity to produce 20.7 billion m3 of water annually, at $0.72/m3, as a coproduct of electricity generation through nuclear power, provided that the country favors desalination over water diversion. We calculate that the resulting production and supply chain can increase water resources in scarce regions by up to 228% while remaining affordable to poorest households. We then compare coal and nuclear desalination with the currently planned South–North Water Transfer mega project and show that, while the short-run cost of water diversion is lower, critical vulnerabilities and future resource demands favor nuclear desalination in coastal regions.
Sustainable Telemedicine: Designing and Building Infrastructure to Support a Comprehensive Telemedicine Practice

Abstract Background: Telemedicine services in medical institutions are often developed in isolation of one another and not as part of a comprehensive telemedicine program. The Center for Connected Care is the administrative home for a broad range of telehealth services at Mayo Clinic. This article speaks of real-time video services, referenced as telemedicine throughout. Introduction: This article discusses how a large healthcare system designed and built the infrastructure to support a comprehensive telemedicine practice. Materials and Methods: Based on analysis of existing services, Mayo Clinic developed a multifaceted operational plan that addressed high-priority areas and outlined clear roles and responsibilities of the Center for Connected Care and that of the clinical departments. The plan set priorities and a direction that would lead to long-term success. The plan articulated the governing and operational infrastructure necessary to support telemedicine by defining the role of the Center for Conne...
Machine Learning Reveals Modules of Economic Behavior from Foraging Mice

The mechanisms shaping most ethological behavior patterns are elusive because we do not understand how complex patterns are constructed. Here, we develop a behavioral paradigm and data analysis methods to dissect foraging patterns in mice. We uncover discrete behavioral modules linked to round trip excursions from the home. Using machine learning, 59 modules are revealed across different genetic backgrounds and ages. Different modules develop at different ages and are linked to different aspects of economic behavior, including memory, reward, risk and effort responses. Crosses of distant mouse strains reveal that parental and genetic effects shape foraging differently, and parental effects grow stronger with age. Specific behavioral modules, genes and pathways are found to be sensitive to parental effects. One candidate gene, Magel2, is linked to Prader-Willi Syndrome and shaped the expression of discrete modules in an age-dependent manner. Our results reveal building blocks for normal and abnormal economic behavior patterns.
A Family of High Molecular Weight Proteins Active in Differentiation and Growth Control

When adenoviruses infect an epithelial cell arrested in G0/G1, they must induce host cell DNA synthesis and cell division or risk failure of propagation. The E1A gene participates actively in the replication induction process, and its two products have been well studied in this regard (Dyson and Harlow, 1992).
A Contingency Model of Leadership Effectiveness1

Publisher Summary The leader is an individual in the group, who directs and coordinates task-relevant group activities, or who, in the absence of a designated leader, automatically performs these functions in the group. This chapter provides an overview of the framework for the understanding of factors which determine a leader's personality attributes and its impact on group performance, the development of integrative model, and empirical support for the model. A leader is either appointed by a representative of the larger organization of which the group is a part; or is elected by the group; or in case there is neither an elected nor an appointed leader, he can be identified as most influential on task-relevant questions of a sociometric preference questionnaire. The leader and member abilities are among the most important predictors of group performance, and a high correlation between the leader's ability score and the group's performance presumably reflects the degree of leader influence over the task itself. The negative correlations suggest that the leader's influence, or his contribution to the task is minimal. A leader can be trained to modify these attitudes, but considerable effort might be required on the part of many individuals to make them. The leader's task functions and his therapeutic attitudes are highly speculative, and extensive future research is required to elucidate the role, which these therapeutic attitudes play in the group process.
Food and Nutrition as Social Problems

Social problems are “troubles” that befall individuals or groups and are said to be caused by social conditions. Furthermore, social problems are generally troubles identified by groups or institutions as such; thus they have a subjective dimension (Best, 1989). Troubles often become identified as social problems after a great deal of effort to persuade others that a problem exists. Definers of social problems include social activists, scientists, and moralists. While these statements regarding social problems might be acceptable to most sociologists, students of social problems have recently revived the debate over whether the objective or the social part of social problems should take priority in their studies. Objectivists and positivists tend to take seriously the objective nature of a problem and search for causes in the manner of a social epidemiologist. Social constructionists, by contrast, argue that the objective nature of the problem is beyond the scope of sociology. The sociological aspects of social problems concern the identification of groups that successfully define a situation as a social problem worthy of attention and the rhetorical tools these groups use to persuade others of the problem’s existence and importance.
Scheduling Bounded Predictable (BP) and Soft Aperiodic Tasks.

The aim of this paper is to provide scheduling algorithms for the joint scheduling of BP and soft aperiodic tasks. In this paper, we present four scheduling algorithms for servicing soft aperiodic tasks in real-time systems, where a set of BP tasks is scheduled using the BP scheduling algorithm. A goal of these scheduling algorithms is to guarantee the hard deadlines of BP tasks while providing good response times for soft aperiodic tasks. The result of the scheduling algorithms will allow the real-time system designers to reason with confidence about timing constraints of highly dynamic behavior environments.
The Irrelevance of Theology for Sexual Ethics

An often referred-to passage in Nietzsche’s The Gay Science depicts a. madman who descends into a village crying, “God is dead. God remains dead. And we have killed him.” To the madman’s dismay, however, the villagers stare mutely at him. Finally, he comprehends their silence. “I have come too early,” he says, my time is not yet. This tremendous event is still on its way, still wandering; it has not yet reached the ears of men. Lightning and thunder require time; the light of the stars requires time; deeds, though done, still require time to be seen and heard. This deed is still more distant from them than the most distant stars — and yet they have done it themselves ([24], pp. 181f).
HPC Interconnects at the End of Moore's Law

The tapering of lithography advances that have been associated with Moore's Law will substantially change requirements for future interconnect architectures for large-scale datacenters and HPC systems. Architectural specialization is creating new datacenter requirements such as emerging accelerator technologies for machine learning workloads and rack disaggregation strategies will push the limits of current interconnect technologies. Whereas photonic technologies are often sold on the basis of higher bandwidth and energy efficiency (e.g. lower picojoules per bit), these emerging workloads and technology trends will shift the emphasis to other metrics such as bandwidth density (as opposed to bandwidth alone) and reduced latency, and performance consistency. Such metrics cannot be accomplished with device improvements alone, but require a systems view of photonics in datacenters.
MULTIETHNIC NEIGHBORHOODS ON THE GROUND: Resources, Constraints, and Sense of Community

As our nation and our neighborhoods increasingly diversify, we should understand how to sustain integrated communities that are equally beneficial for all residents. Though our policies encourage diversity as a theoretical social good, we actually know little about what happens on the ground in multiethnic neighborhoods. We conduct a comparative case study of the only two Boston neighborhoods to have maintained at least 10% representation of four racial and ethnic groups over the past two decades. Using survey data and ethnographic field observations, we examine residents’ experiences in these two consistently multiethnic, yet very different, neighborhoods. We find that neighborhood socioeconomic and racial inequality and disadvantage matter for residents’ access to neighborhood resources and constraints, and their perceptions of sense of community. Notably, in the highly unequal South End, Whites and homeowners have greater access to amenities and have higher perceptions of sense of community in comparison to racial and ethnic minorities and renters. Socioeconomic disadvantage matters in Fields Corner, as evidenced by lower overall perceptions of sense of community and greater exposure to safety concerns among all groups in this neighborhood compared to residents of the South End. In the end, we argue that having multiple groups simply sharing neighborhood space over a stable period is not enough to overcome the social problems associated with residential segregation and isolation. In order to support equitable neighborhood integration amid the changing face of diversity, we should take cues from “diverse by direction” neighborhood models that include active organization and coalition building among dissimilar racial and ethnic groups.
Boiling Starbucks’ Roasting Down to the Essence of its Residual

The crux of the legal issue is the EU Commission’s contention, required as the third condition for a finding of State aid, that the Netherlands-Starbucks APA conferred a selective advantage on Starbucks' Netherlands manufacturing subsidiary (SMBV, aka the “roasting operation”) that resulted in a lowering of SMBV’s tax liability in the Netherlands as compared with what SMBV would have paid under the Netherlands’ general corporate income tax system dealing with third parties. And the crux of the dispute that determines the legal issue outcome is whose choice of transfer pricing method (the Commission or The Netherlands/Starbucks) is the most reliable. However the most interesting aspect of the controversy is how to allocate the residual between SMBV and Starbucks intermediary IP management limited partnership? In a broader framework, not part of the analysis contemplated by the applicable 1995 OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines, is how to allocate the residual among Starbucks’ global value chain. This paper, currently a working draft, will eventually address the last two issues.
Emerging patterns of tyrosine sulfation and O-glycosylation cross-talk and co-localization.

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) drive the diversity of the proteome and broadly regulate protein function. Interplay between different types of PTMs further enables tight and dynamic fine-tuning of molecular functions. O-Glycosylation on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues is a major PTM with diverse roles in development, differentiation, pathogenesis, and proteolytic processing. Other examples of cross-talk between PTMs also exist, such as PSGL-1, where the combined presence of N-terminal sulfotyrosines and O-glycans is pivotal for selectin binding. A handful of other related examples of O-glycans and sulfotyrosine co-localization has been described but it is not yet recognized as a general regulatory phenomenon. In this review, we highlight the emerging global pattern of co-localization of cell-surface and extracellular sulfotyrosines with O-glycans, which we term ‘multi-motif’ interactions, from a wide range of protein classes. We also discuss the barriers, and existing and future tools needed to dissect the biological impact and biomedical potential.
Massive hydatid cysts in the lung and liver of a 4‐year‐old boy

Hydatids may persist for years if left undiagnosed. Early identification is challenging, especially in patients from nonendemic regions. It is crucial for clinicians to be aware of the presence of the disease to avoid devastating outcomes.
Café au lait spots: When and how to pursue their genetic origins.

Cafe au lait spots are common birthmarks seen sporadically and in association with several genetic syndromes. Dermatologists are often asked to evaluate these birthmarks both by other physicians and by parents. In some cases, it is challenging to know when and how to pursue further evaluation. Diagnostic challenges may come in the form of the appearance of the individual lesions, areas and patterns of cutaneous involvement, and associated features (or lack thereof). In this review, we aim to clarify when and how to evaluate the child with multiple or patterned cafe au lait spots and to explain some emerging concepts in our understanding of the genetics of these lesions.
Time-dependent displacement of commensal skin microbes by pathogens at the site of colorectal surgery

BACKGROUND Although the healthy human skin microbiome has been the subject of recent studies, it is not known whether alterations among commensal microbes contribute to surgical site infections (SSIs). Our objective in this study was to characterize temporal and spatial variation in the skin microbiota of patients undergoing colorectal surgery and determine if dysbiosis contributes to SSIs. METHODS Sixty one adults scheduled to undergo elective colon or rectal resection were identified by convenience sampling. By analyzing bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences isolated from clinical samples, we used a culture-independent strategy to monitor perioperative changes in microbial diversity of fecal samples and the skin. RESULTS A total of 990 samples from 61 patients were analyzed. Alpha diversity on the skin decreased after surgery but later recovered at the postoperative clinic visit. In most patients, we observed a transient postoperative loss of skin commensals (Corynebacterium and Propionibacterium) at the surgical site, which were replaced by potential pathogens and intestinal anaerobes (eg, Enterobacteriaceae). These changes were not observed on skin that was uninvolved in the surgical incision (chest wall). One patient developed a wound infection. Incisional skin swabs from this patient demonstrated a sharp postoperative increase in the abundance of Enterococcus, which was also cultured from wound drainage. CONCLUSIONS We observed reproducible perioperative changes in the skin microbiome following surgery. The low incidence of SSIs in this cohort precluded analysis of associations between dysbiosis and infection. We postulate that real-time monitoring of the skin microbiome could provide actionable findings about the pathogenesis of SSIs.
START (Supporting Treatment Adherence Readiness through Training) Improves Both HIV Antiretroviral Adherence and Viral Reduction, and is Cost Effective: Results of a Multi-site Randomized Controlled Trial.

The START (Supporting Treatment Adherence Readiness through Training) intervention was examined for its effects on ART adherence and virologic suppression relative to usual care. A sample of 176 clients about to start or restart ART were randomized (83 to START, 93 to usual care) at HIV clinics in the Los Angeles area. Primary outcomes included electronically monitored dose-taking adherence and HIV viral load; primary end points were months 6 and 24, with group differences examined using nonresponse-weighted means or proportions, effect sizes, and significance testing. Item nonresponse was addressed using multiple imputation. 166 (94.3%) participants started ART, of whom 124 (74.7%) were still in care at month 6, and 90 (54.2%) at month 24. In comparison to the usual care control group, the START group had higher dose-taking adherence at month 6 (86.2% vs. 71.6%, d = 0.56, p = 0.01), which was sustained through month 24 (86.0% vs. 61.1%, d =1.01, p < 0.0001). While rates of undetectable viral load did not differ between groups at month 6 or 24, the mean reduction in viral load (log10 copies/mm3) at month 24 was significantly greater in the intervention arm (3.0 vs. 2.7; d = 0.40, p = 0.047). An estimated cost of $132 per person was needed to obtain a 10% increase in dose-taking adherence over 24 months from the intervention. These findings suggest that START is cost effective in producing a medium to large effect on dose-taking adherence that is durable over 24 months, and a modest long-term effect on viral reduction. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02329782 (registered December 22, 2014).
Maternal nutrient restriction in late pregnancy programs postnatal metabolism and pituitary development in beef heifers.

Maternal undernutrition during pregnancy followed by ad libitum access to nutrients during postnatal life induces postnatal metabolic disruptions in multiple species. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate postnatal growth, metabolism, and development of beef heifers exposed to late gestation maternal nutrient restriction. Pregnancies were generated via transfer of in vitro embryos produced using X-bearing sperm from a single Angus sire. Pregnant dams were randomly assigned to receive either 100% (control; n = 9) or 70% (restricted; n = 9) of their total energy requirements from gestational day 158 to parturition. From post-natal day (PND) 301 until slaughter (PND485), heifers were individually fed ad libitum in a Calan gate facility. Calves from restricted dams were lighter than controls at birth (P 0.10). To assess pancreatic function, glucose tolerance tests were performed on PND315 and PND482 and a diet effect was seen with glucose area under the curve being greater (P<0.05) in calves born to restricted dams compared to controls. At slaughter, total internal fat was greater (P<0.05) in heifers born to restricted dams, while whole pituitary weight was lighter (P<0.05). Heifers from restricted dams had fewer growth hormone-positive cells (somatotrophs) compared to controls (P<0.05). Results demonstrate an impaired ability to clear peripheral glucose in heifers born to restricted dams leading to increased deposition of internal fat. A reduction in the number of somatotrophs may contribute to the adipogenic phenotype of heifers born to restricted dams due to growth hormone’s known anabolic roles in growth, lipolysis, and pancreatic islet function.
Effects of High Altitude on Sleep and Respiratory System

The purpose of this review is to discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis treatment of sleep apnea at high altitude as well and acute altitude illnesses. Differences in adaptive responses of different native highlander populations are leading to interesting new insights into high-altitude physiology. Periodic breathing at altitude is a physiologic response to hypobaric oxygen and patients with obstructive sleep apnea have transition of respiratory events from obstructive to central at altitude. Acetazolamide is first-line therapy for periodic breathing at altitude. Other acute altitude illnesses are best treated with descent to a lower altitude.
Seizures and status epilepticus may be risk factor for cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest across multiple time frames.

Abstract Objective To determine if Emergency Department (ED) or inpatient encounters for epilepsy or status epilepticus are associated with increased odds of cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest over successively longer time frames. Methods The State Inpatient and ED Databases (from New York, Florida, and California) are statewide datasets containing data on 97% of hospitalizations and ED encounters from these states. In this retrospective, case-crossover study, we used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes to identify index cardiac arrhythmia encounters. Exposures were inpatient or ED encounters for epilepsy or status epilepticus. The case-crossover analysis tested whether an epilepsy or status epilepticus encounter within various case periods (1, 3, 7, 30, 60, 90, and 180 days prior to index encounter) was associated with subsequent ED or inpatient encounter for cardiac arrhythmia, as compared to control periods of equal length one year prior. Results The odds ratio (OR) for cardiac arrhythmia after an epilepsy encounter was significant at all time intervals (OR range 2.37–3.36), and highest at 1 day after epilepsy encounter (OR 3.63, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.66–7.93, p = 0.0013). The OR after status epilepticus was significant at 7- to 180-day intervals (OR range 2.25–2.74), and highest at 60 days (OR 2.74, CI 2.09–3.61, p Significance Epilepsy and status epilepticus events are associated with increased odds of subsequent cardiac arrhythmia or cardiac arrest over multiple chronic timeframes. Increased cardiac surveillance may be warranted to minimize morbidity and mortality in patients with epilepsy.
111 Ability to interpret and apply animal behavior and welfare terminology by adults within the horse industry

Interpretations of horse behavior are diverse among equestrians and may be influenced by a misunderstanding of animal behavior and welfare terminology. This study explored how horse industry adults interpret and understand fundamental animal behavior, welfare, and operant conditioning (OC) concepts as applied to horses. A sample of 1145 adults completed an online survey containing horse-related psychographic questions, horse-human interaction videos with and without heart rate (HR) data, terminology questions related to specific behavioral and welfare states in horses, and scenarios related to animal learning. Data were analyzed with frequency counts (SPSS ver. 25), and when appropriate, correlations, cross-tabulations, or mixed model ANOVA (SAS ver. 9.4). Most participants identified as female (94%), white (94%), and live in the United States (63%). Most (96%) previously owned a horse, 86% currently owned a horse, and 4% had never owned a horse. Few participants provided complete definitions for fear (14%), stress (34%), or reactivity (1%), but some provided partial definitions for these terms (63% for fear, 43% for stress, and 29% for reactivity). Most (80%) correctly identified the normal resting HR for an adult horse. When viewing horse-human interaction videos, 83% of participants did not change their interpretation of the horse's behavior in the videos after the HR was revealed, suggesting a lack of understanding of the potential impacts of fear, stress, and reactivity on horse HR. Few participants were able to correctly define terms used in OC such as negative reinforcement (7%), negative punishment (8%), positive reinforcement (9%), and positive punishment (12%). When selecting the OC principle for horse-human interaction scenarios, more participants (42%; P = 0.001) correctly identified positive reinforcement compared with negative punishment (16%), negative reinforcement (23%), and positive punishment (19%). No differences (P > 0.14) were found between participants’ abilities to correctly define fear, stress, reactivity, or any of the OC principles, based on gender, race, age, horse ownership, or ability to correctly identify resting HR. Compared with US participants, those living outside the US were more likely (P
Ablation therapy for persistent atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common form of electrical disturbance of the heart and contributes to significant patient morbidity and mortality. With better understanding of the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation and improvements in mapping and ablation technologies, ablation has become a preferred therapy for patients with symptomatic AF. Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone for AF ablation therapy, but particularly in patients with AF occurring for longer than 7 days (persistent AF), identifying clinically significant non pulmonary vein targets and achieving durability of ablation lesions remain an important challenge.
Abstract IA07: The QuEST for an effective immunotherapy for prostate cancer

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors have minimal activity in unselected CRPC patients (pts). Combination regimens that generate a tumor-directed immune response (vaccine) and facilitate the resulting anti-tumor immune activity (checkpoint blockade, cytokines) have shown synergy in preclinical models. BNVax is a therapeutic poxviral vaccine targeting brachyury, a transcription factor involved in invasion and metastasis. BA is a bifunctional fusion protein: anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody fused to the TGFb-β-RII receptor extracellular domain (a TGF-β trap). N-803 is an IL-15 superagonist complex. Here we report an interim efficacy analysis of the QuEST1 study, aimed to rapidly interrogate safety and efficacy of immunotherapy combinations in CRPC. Methods: Asymptomatic/minimally symptomatic CRPC pts received BNVax + BA (Arm 2.1) or BNVax + BA + N-803 (Arm 2.2). BNVax is given as 2 prime doses followed by boosts. BA 1,200 mg intravenously and N-803 15 µg/kg subcutaneously are given every 2 weeks. Efficacy is defined as objective response by RECIST v1.1 or PSA decrease ≥ 30% sustained for ≥ 21 days. Safety was a secondary endpoint. Results: As of 10/11/20, 26 CRPC pts enrolled and had 1 to 23 months follow up. 1/13 pts (Arm 2.1) had a PSA response sustained for 13 months. 5/12 (41.6%) pts on treatment for at least 12 weeks (Arm 2.2) had sustained PSA responses, including 2 pts who progressed on enzalutamide. Of 3 patients with measurable disease, 2 had confirmed PR by RECIST. Grade 3 TRAEs: 1 pancreatitis (Arm 2.1), 1 secondary adrenal insufficiency (Arm 2.1), 1 tumor hemorrhage (Arm 2.1), 1 hyperglycemia due to new onset diabetes mellitus (Arm 2.2), 1 cystitis (Arm 2.2), 1 Rash with eosinophilia (Arm 2.2). One patient had grade 4 neutropenia that resolved with growth factor support and oral corticosteroids. Conclusions: BVax + BA + N-803 demonstrated a manageable safety profile and preliminary evidence of efficacy in CRPC. Addition of N-803 in Arm 2.2 was associated with more activity in this small sample. Arm 2.2 met the predetermined threshold for efficacy and will expand (n=25). Citation Format: James L. Gulley. The QuEST for an effective immunotherapy for prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Virtual Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2020 Oct 19-20. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2021;9(2 Suppl):Abstract nr IA07.
Map the Trace

As representations, maps constitute spaces of governance, of experience, of imagination and expression. They both record space as one form of collective memory and enact space as projected form. As such, they make specific geographies. However, the ambiguity of my response to this question, ‘Do maps make geography?’, underlines the confusion associated with what critical cartography
Metabolism in vivo of connective-tissue mucopolysaccharides. I. Chondroitin sulfate C and keratosulfate of nucleus pulposus.

Abstract The compositon of rabbit nucleus pulposus has been investigated as a function of age. The ratio of keratosulfate to chondroitin sulfate increases uniformly as a function of time. Several hormones, notably growth hormones, estrogens and androgens are able to alter the composition of mature tissues towards that represented by a younger age. The metabolic activity of the polysaccharides has been examined and their half-lives estimated. The keratosulfate of the mature animal appears to be extremely inert following synthesis and probably has a half-life in excess of 120 days.
Causes of death in hospitalized intravenous drug abusers.

The authors reviewed at autopsy the causes of death of 274 patients with evidence of intravenous drug abuse who had been admitted to a large public hospital. There were 127 who died from diseases unrelated to intravenous drug abuse, and in 41% of these, chronic alcoholism was implicated. Deaths from overdose syndromes and drug-related organ pathology comprised only 11% of all cases. The mean age at death was 39 years. There was a male/female ratio of 3.6:1. Half of all patients died from infection--72 from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) alone. These findings indicate that persons hospitalized with a history of intravenous drug abuse usually die from causes other than overdose and that AIDS and chronic alcoholism are significant problems. Emphasis should be placed upon detecting "hidden" intravenous drug deaths to provide more accurate statistical information. Language: en
Ethnic and Cultural Diversity by Country

For their empirical evaluation, several active research programs in economics and political science require data on ethnic groups across countries. “Ethnic group,” however, is a slippery concept. After addressing conceptual and practical obstacles, I present a list of 822 ethnic groups in 160 countries that made up at least 1 percent of the country population in the early 1990s. I compare a measure of ethnic fractionalization based on this list with the most commonly used measure. I also construct an index of cultural fractionalization that uses the structural distance between languages as a proxy for the cultural distance between groups in a country.
The Myth of 527 Organizations

527 organizations have been and continue to be an expedient medium for regulation of political activities. 527's have had a bad press, being commonly depicted as tax exempt havens through which big money may flow - outside of ordinary strictures such as those of the Federal Elections Campaign Act - into political campaigns. Thus regulation, such as that of the 2000 Act ... to require 527 organizations to disclose their political activities or The 527 Reform Act of 2005 now pending in Congress, is seen as necessary. Regulation of this sort falls on speech ordinarily subject to constitutional protection. However, inasmuch as a tax exemption is a public subsidy, Congress, it is thought, may here regulate free of ordinary First Amendment constraints, according to the axiom that Congress has no duty to subsidize speech. These suppositions respecting 527's are, however, misleading to false. 527 organizations are associations subject to taxation under Sec. 527 of the Internal Revenue Code. This section was enacted in 1975 not to exempt these associations from taxation but to identify and tax their income, which income usually consists of interest earned on deposited funds (dues and contributions). Dues and contributions themselves were not taxed, not because they were exempted from taxation but because these items - consistent with history, practice, and economic theory - are not income. Thus, 527's are not tax-exempt organizations, they do not feed at the public trough, and they should not be removed from ordinary First Amendment protection according to the axiom that Congress has no duty to subsidize speech. Also, 527's are not exempt from ordinary regulation, as that of FECA. Numbers of them are subject to FECA and routinely comply with its disclosure requirements. On they other hand, a number of 527's are not subject to FECA, not because they are 527's but rather because of First-Amendment driven limits (respecting issue advocacy and political committees) to the coverage of that Act. The First Amendment, then, is the loophole, not 527's. In the end, 527 is a neutral tax classification and a 527 organization is simply an association involved in electoral politics, local, state, or federal, that has over $100 in interest income on deposited funds. This includes smallish organizations, earnestly involved in advocacy of various sorts, from local school bonds to conservation issues. These 527's are not of the secret slush fund model offered for 527-based regulation. They are of the civic-minded, civic-building model that ordinarily enjoys First Amendment protection.
A Performance Profile Approach to Measuring Overall Facility Management (FM) Performance

Three key ideas for measuring facility management performance are discussed: (1) the concept of "fit" as a key component of FM quality; (2) the need to collect as little information as possible; (3) the need to analyze patterns of multiple outcomes rather than focusing on single factors. Different possible measures of FM performance are described. These are discussed in the context of a performance profile which graphically, as well as quantitatively, presents performance information in a way that can help guide ongoing management decisions, programs, and policies.
Endogenous Information, Risk Characterization, and the Predictability of Average Stock Returns

In this paper we provide a new type of risk characterization of the predictability of two widely known abnormal patterns in average stock returns: momentum and reversal. The purpose is to illustrate the relative importance of common risk factors and endogenous information. Our results demonstrate that in the presence of zero-investment factors, spreads in average momentum and reversal returns correspond to spreads in the slopes of the endogenous information. The empirical findings support the vi ew that various classes of firms react differently to volatility risk, and endogenous infor mation harbor an important sources of potential risk loadings. Taken together, our results sug gest that the stock returns are influenced by random endogenous information flow, which is asymmetric in nature, and can be used as a performance attribution factor. If one fails to inc orporate the existing asymmetric endogenous information hidden in the historical behavior, any attempt to explore average stock return predictability will be subject to an unquantifi ed specification bias.
Reflecting on Heterosexual and Male Privilege: Interventions to Raise Awareness

Gender-focused college courses seek to increase understanding of the systematic advantages associated with dominant group membership. These courses attempt to reduce prejudice and raise awareness of male and heterosexual privilege. Inclusion of privilege content within gender-focused courses has increased, but research to test interventions to increase privilege awareness and reduce prejudice remains sparse. The current studies provide experimental information about awareness of heterosexual privilege (Study 1) and male privilege (Study 2) and specific interventions for use in education, professional development, and community settings. Study 1 found the video intervention was effective in increasing heterosexual privilege awareness and internal motivation to respond without prejudice. Study 2 found that male privilege awareness was significantly increased and modern sexism was reduced by the video intervention. Findings provide information for applied practices such as pedagogical strategies when designing diversity courses and training workshops.
Feature denoising for speech separation in unknown noisy environments

Speech separation has been recently formulated as a classification problem. Classification as a form of supervised learning usually performs well on background noises when parts of them are seen in the training set. However, the performance can be significantly worse when generalizing to completely unseen noises. In this study, we present a method that alleviates the generalization issue by attempting to denoise acoustic features before training and testing. We show that a standard multilayer perceptron with proper regularization performs well on this task. Experimental results indicate that the resulting separation system performs significantly better in a variety of unknown noises in low SNR conditions. In a negative SNR condition, we also show that the proposed system produces more intelligible speech according to two recently proposed objective speech intelligibility measures.
A theoretical study of the structure and energetics of stacked dimers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Application of INDO 1/S method to singlet excimers of naphthalene and phenanthrene

Abstract We show here that, with the incorporation of intermolecular distance dependence of π—σ interactions, the INDO 1/S method promises to be a very useful tool for investigating the structure and energetics of singlet excimers of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Application of the method to naphthalene yields binding energies and vertical transition energies (in absorption and in emission) of the singlet excimer which are in good agreement with experiment. The method also provides a possible explanation for the failure of phenanthrene to exhibit excimer fluorescence or the self-quenching of the monomer fluorescence.
Kinetic modeling of malonylgenistin and malonyldaidzin conversions under alkaline conditions and elevated temperatures.

The conversion and degradation of malonylglucosides were kinetically characterized under elevated pH/heat conditions. Malonylgenistin and malonyldaidzin were heated at 60, 80, and 100 °C and pH values of 8.5, 9, and 9.5. A simple kinetic model was developed, which adequately predicted the conversion and degradation reactions. The conversion and degradation rates increased as temperature and pH increased. The rates of conversion of both malonylglucosides into their respective β-glucosides were comparable under all pH/heat treatments. However, at 100 °C, the rates of degradation of malonyldaidzin were approximately double those of malonylgenistin, under all pH treatments. When malonlydaidzin was heated at 100 °C and pH 9.5, degradation of the produced daidzin occurred. Therefore, an alternative kinetic model was developed to better predict the conversion and degradation of malonyldaidzin occurring at 100 °C and pH 9.5. The models developed provide soy food manufacturers with guidelines for better control of...
The economic rationale for investing in nutrition in developing countries

Abstract Studies of experimental and socioeconomic survey data on the direct productivity effects of nutrition indicate growing, though qualified, evidence of positive direct effects of nutrition on labor productivity of poorer individuals in developing countries — greater productivity effects for nutrition than for formal schooling. Studies on the indirect productivity effects of nutrition through cognitive achievement, schooling, and preschool ability also indicate positive productivity effects through these channels. Therefore, for productivity reasons alone, policies that favor better nutrition among the poorer members of society merit serious consideration. That productivity and equity concerns are in harmony is an important plus.