cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Characterization of BiFeO3 Thin Films for Multiferroic Applications by Radical Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition

A radical-enhanced atomic layer deposition (RE-ALD) process is described for the synthesis of BiFeO3. Metalorganic precursors β-diketonate, tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionato) iron(III) (Fe(TMHD)3), and Bi(TMHD)3 are coreacted with oxygen radicals (produced by a coaxial microwave cavity) as the oxidation source. Stoichiometric BiFeO3 films were deposited on SrTiO3 (001) substrates at 210 °C and crystallized from 450 to 750 °C. The crystallinity and phases in the films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The BiFeO3 was determined to be phase-pure and epitaxial when annealed at 650 °C. To study the functional properties, ferroelectric switching was demonstrated using piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM), while weak ferromagnetic behavior was measured using superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometry. The films have properties comparable to those of films grown by other methods—growth rates are superior in comparison to ot...
Simulation of Intraspecific Competition and Survival of Scolytus ventralis Broods (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

The process of intraspecific competition including its effect on mortality of the broods of Scolytus ventralis LeConte, was analyzed. Expected value and Monte Carlo simulation models were constructed for estimating mortality from the input parameters, attack density, gallery length, length of larval mines, and gallery separation where mortality is complete. Nearest-neighbor theory was applied in model formulation. Comparison of the performance of the models showed that both predicted the mortality observed in field-infested samples with a high degree of precision. However, the expected value model was the more efficient in terms of computer time and speed of solution and was recommended for practical use.
Changes in Forage Nutritive Value among Vertical Strata of a Cool-Season Grass Canopy

An understanding of the vertical distribution of nutritive value in cool-season grasses could support decisions regarding the management of residual mass and plant height to meet nutri - tional value targets. The objective of this study was to characterize the vertical distribution of nutritive value within a grass sward and to relate it to the morphological components of the herb - age (lamina, stem + sheath, and dead matter). The research was conducted from April to o cto- ber 2009 and 2010 in a mixed cool-season grass sward consisting primarily of tall fescue ( Sche- donorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons., formerly Festuca arundinacea Schreb.). Growing periods were initiated in April, May, June, July, and August, during which forage was allowed to accumulate for the remainder of the growing season, with weekly sampling for nutri - tive value and morphological composition. Neu - tral detergent fiber (NDF) was significantly greater in the 5- to 15-cm strata than in the 15- to 25-cm in 32% of all initiation datedays after cutting combinations across years. The NDF concentra - tion increased as the season progressed, which was associated with increasing dead matter and declining lamina content in the canopy. Differ - ences in NDF digestibility among strata were less consistent than for NDF. For the May through August initiation dates, few nutritive value dif - ferences were found among strata, which were attributed to lower nutritive value in the 10-cm strata immediately above the stubble height. Consequently, we anticipate a small decrease in nutritive value of the diet of a grazing animal as it consumes tall fescue-dominant pasture. Dep. of Horticulture and Crop Science and Dep. of Animal Science, The Ohio State Univ., Columbus, OH 43210. Salary and research sup -
Stress-related personal growth among emerging adults whose mothers have been diagnosed with mental illness.

OBJECTIVE This study explored whether emerging adults' reports of their relationships with their mothers who have been diagnosed with mental illness and their attempts to make meaning of the experience of having a mother with mental illness were associated with stress-related personal growth. METHODS Fifty-two emerging adult children with mothers who have been diagnosed with mental illness responded to a self-report questionnaire containing measures of adult parent-child relationships, meaning making, and stress-related personal growth. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple linear regression analysis of the cross-sectional data indicated that meaning making contributed to stress-related personal growth after accounting for emerging adult-mother relationship factors. Aspects of the emerging adult-mother relationship did not contribute to growth. CONCLUSIONS Efforts to make meaning of having a mother with mental illness may facilitate growth among emerging adult children. Longitudinal investigations in larger samples are needed to better understand the relationship among interpersonal relationships, meaning making, and growth in this population. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Interventions with adult children of people with mental illness should address their capacity for personal growth.
Education With Mind, Heart, and Soul: An Interview With Mary Finn Maples

Dr. Mary Finn Maples is a historic figure in the counseling field. She has been president of the American Counseling Association and president of the Association for Spiritual, Ethical, and Religious Values in Counseling (ASERVIC). She was one of ASERVIC's earliest members, dating back to when it was known as the National Catholic Guidance Conference. Dr. Maples has had an extensive career, and this article highlights some areas of her career, particularly pertaining to her time and commitment to ASERVIC and religious or spiritual issues in counseling. This interview focuses on her career, philosophy, and dedication to the field.
Initiating proper blood pressure control.

Pharmacologic choices afford physicians the opportunity to tailor drug therapy to the individual patient's profile, and we are bolstered by a broad understanding of controllable risk factors. Choice of regimen—whether or not it involves drugs—requires accurate diagnostic information. Success depends on both control of blood pressure and patient satisfaction.
Differentiating perceptions of intimate partner violence in Nepal

Perception of domestic violence is a frequently used indicator of women’s empowerment. It is, however, thought to be a binary variable, where women either justify wife beating or they do not. In the Nepal Demographic Health Survey, empowerment is ‘high’ if the woman answers no to one of five circumstances of wife beating. This study develops a Latent Class Analysis model to determine whether there are categories of women who endorsed some type of violence but not others. A more nuanced measure of perception of domestic violence would improve our understanding on women’s empowerment.
Accessory Sex Glands in the Male

The accessory reproductiveorgans in the male consist of the continuous series of paired ducts that transport sperm from the testis to the urethra (epididymis and ductus deferens, also known as vas deferens) as well as the accessory sex glands—the prostate, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and glands of Littre. The main functions of the sex accessory tissues collectively are the transport of sperm and the creation of seminal plasma, the medium in which sperm are delivered in the ejaculate. This product of the sex accessory glands, seminal plasma, is a unique mixture with high concentrations of zinc, fructose, citric acid, prostaglandins, polyamines, proteases, and acid phosphatases. The physiologic role of many of these substances is yet to be understood, but it is widely believed that these constituents play an essential role in male fertility by optimizing conditions for sperm transport and increasing their chance of fertilization. Both the development and homeostatic function of the sex accessory tissues are vitally linked to androgen signaling. Androgens and the androgen receptor, although necessary for normal physiology, are also an integral part of disease processes in the prostate including prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Far more attention has been given to the prostate compared to the other relatively disease-free sex accessory tissues because of its highly prevalent diseases and the enormous impact it has on public health. In addition to androgens, other hormones such as estrogen, prolactin, and growth hormone contribute to both physiologic and pathophysiologic processes in the prostate. Environmental substances that disrupt endocrine signaling have also been implicated as a contributing factor in prostate disease. Additional key areas of research include the prostate stem cell as well as the complex signaling that occurs between stroma and epithelia, and how these aspects contribute to development, normal homeostasis, as well as disease. This review of the accessory sex glands will encompass their function, anatomy, hormonal regulation, and development including emerging evidence for perturbations by endocrine disrupting chemicals, all with an emphasis on the prostate gland where most information is available. We will also summarize diseases of the prostate and provide an overview of future directions and research needs.
MRI tools for assessment of microstructure and nephron function of the kidney

MRI can provide excellent detail of renal structure and function. Recently, novel MR contrast mechanisms and imaging tools have been developed to evaluate microscopic kidney structures including the tubules and glomeruli. Quantitative MRI can assess local tubular function and is able to determine the concentrating mechanism of the kidney noninvasively in real time. Measuring single nephron function is now a near possibility. In parallel to advancing imaging techniques for kidney microstructure is a need to carefully understand the relationship between the local source of MRI contrast and the underlying physiological change. The development of these imaging markers can impact the accurate diagnosis and treatment of kidney disease. This study reviews the novel tools to examine kidney microstructure and local function and demonstrates the application of these methods in renal pathophysiology.
An Examination of Whether Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) Evidence Satisfies the Relevance/Prejudice Admissibility Standard

The Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) assesses psychopathic characteristics in correctional and forensic psychiatric populations. Due to a well-developed body of empirical research suggesting an association between psychopathy and future dangerousness, the PCL-R is used to assess psychopathy and evaluate future risk in numerous legal contexts. Although recent case law surveys indicate that the PCL-R is occasionally misused in legal settings, the admissibility of the PCL-R is rarely questioned. Yet, the PCL-R may not meet the evidentiary standards for admissibility of evidence. This chapter reviews the scientific literature on the PCL-R to examine whether it satisfies the Federal Rules of Evidence (FRE) test for the admissibility of evidence. We considered three types of evaluations for which the PCL-R or the corresponding youth version, PCL: YV, are used and for which the PCL-R has been rigorously researched: capital sentencing, juvenile transfer, and sexually violent predator (SVP) commitment. Findings supported the probative value of the PCL-R for recidivism in juvenile transfer, long-term sexual recidivism in SVP commitment, and malingering in capital sentencing. Findings did not support probative value of the PCL-R for treatment amenability in juvenile transfer, short-term sexual recidivism for SVP commitment, or for institutional violence in capital sentencing.
On Spatial Entanglement Wave Functions

There exists tension between two of Bell’s papers collected in Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics [1].
Directions in a Post-aid World? South–South Development Cooperation and CSOs in Latin America

The architecture of international aid to developing and emerging economies is undergoing significant change. Post-aid world conditions will reshape relationships between international aid actors including donors, civil society organizations (CSOs), governments, and other institutions. These trends draw attention to South–South Development Cooperation (SSDC) as a promising direction in regions like Latin America. CSOs’ participation in SSDC might challenge and divert the dependency and power asymmetries in traditional North–South aid. As potential adaptive strategy for CSOs, SSDC diversifies the actors involved in aid and the resources exchanged, and produces different development discourses. The article outlines SSDC as an alternative development model and specifically considers the participation of CSOs. It provides a case of CSOs’ participation in SSDC in the region of Latin America. As research on CSOs in SSDC is limited, the article contributes to its further understanding and provides further avenues of research.
Gramicidin A Channel Formation Induces Local Lipid Redistribution II: A 3D Continuum Elastic Model

To change conformation, a protein must deform the surrounding bilayer. In this work, a three-dimensional continuum elastic model for gramicidin A in a lipid bilayer is shown to describe the sensitivity to thickness, curvature stress, and the mechanical properties of the lipid bilayer. A method is demonstrated to extract the gramicidin-lipid boundary condition from all-atom simulations that can be used in the three-dimensional continuum model. The boundary condition affects the deformation dramatically, potentially much more than typical variations in the material stiffness do as lipid composition is changed. Moreover, it directly controls the sensitivity to curvature stress. The curvature stress and hydrophobic surfaces of the all-atom and continuum models are found to be in excellent agreement. The continuum model is applied to estimate the enrichment of hydrophobically matched lipids near the channel in a mixture, and the results agree with single-channel experiments and extended molecular dynamics simulations from the companion article by Beaven et al. in this issue of Biophysical Journal.
Lessons from Magic for the Field of Performance Improvement

How do you introduce creativity into an organization that is built to be industrial, resilient, and prone to consistency and volume—one that is keen on preserving the spirit of its traditions and has barely changed since its debut in 1964 at the New York World's Fair? (Kuang, 2015).
Synthesis, characterization and DFT study of digold(II) naphth-di-yl complex

Abstract We report here the synthesis of bis(DEDT –S,S)-μ-(naphthyl-1,8) digold(II) (1) (DEDT = diethyldithiocarbamate) with a formal Au-Au bond. Complex 1 is formed from the reaction of Au(DEDT)Cl2 with 1,8-dilithioaphthalene, a unique synthesis as gold(II) complexes are traditionally synthesized by oxidative addition of digold(I) complexes. Complex 1 was characterized by NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray and elemental analysis. Density Functional Theory calculations suggests the UV-Vis absorption of complex 1 at 379 nm is a transition from the σ(Au-Au) orbital into the σ*(Au-Au) orbital with some contribution from DEDT-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT). Complex 1 shows no emission at 298 K or 77 K, presumably because low-lying 3LMCT states foster rapid non-radiative decay.
Self-Assembled Bilayers on Nanocrystalline Metal Oxides: Exploring the Non-Innocent Nature of the Linking Ions

Self-assembled bilayers on nanocrystalline metal oxide films are an increasingly popular strategy for modulating electron and energy transfer at dye–semiconductor interfaces. A majority of the work to date has relied on ZrII and ZnIV linking ions to assemble the films. In this report, we demonstrate that several different cations (CdII, CuII, FeII, LaIII, MnII, and SnIV) are not only effective in generating the bilayer assemblies but also have a profound influence on the stability and photophysical properties of the films. Bilayer films with ZrIV ions exhibited the highest photostability on both TiO2 and ZrO2. Despite the metal ions having a minimal influence on the absorption/emission energies and oxidation potentials of the dye, bilayers composed of CuII, FeII, and MnII exhibit significant excited-state quenching. The excited-state quenching decreases the electron injection yield but also, for CuII and MnII bilayers, significantly slows the back electron transfer kinetics.
USA--Lake Michigan

Lake Michigan is the only Great Lake located entirely within the United States. While its average depth is 85 m, the maximum recorded depth is 282 m, an elevation well below sea level. With a surface area of 58,000 km2, the Lake Michigan basin contains 5 x 10 1 2 m3 of water when at low water datum. The lake has 2 outlets, one in the north and one in the south. Water flows out of the lake northward through the Straits of Mackinaw into Lake Huron. The second outlet is through the Chicago Ship Canal into the Mississippi River drainage basin. The latter outlet is less significant since only a discharge of 3,200 cfs is authorized. Lake Michigan has a total shoreline length of 2,192 km which is the longest of the 5 Great Lakes.
Beyond Behavioral Inhibition: A Computer Avatar Task Designed to Assess Behavioral Inhibition Extends to Harm Avoidance.

Personality factors such as behavioral inhibition (BI), a temperamental tendency for avoidance in the face of unfamiliar situations, have been identified as risk factors for anxiety disorders. Personality factors are generally identified through self-report inventories. However, this tendency to avoid may affect the accuracy of these self-report inventories. Previously, a computer based task was developed in which the participant guides an on‐screen “avatar” through a series of onscreen events; performance on the task could accurately predict participants’ BI, measured by a standard paper and pencil questionnaire (Adult Measure of Behavioural Inhibition, or AMBI). Here, we sought to replicate this finding as well as compare performance on the avatar task to another measure related to BI, the harm avoidance scale of the Tridimensional Personality Questionnaire (TPQ). The TPQ includes harm avoidance scales as well as scales assessing reward dependence, novelty seeking and persistence. One hundred and one undergraduates voluntarily completed the avatar task and the paper and pencil inventories in a counter-balanced order. Scores on the avatar task were strongly correlated with BI assessed via the AMBI questionnaire, which replicates prior findings. Females exhibited higher HA scores than males, but did not differ on scores on the avatar task. There was a strong positive relationship between scores on the avatar task and harm avoidance scores. One aspect of HA, fear of uncertainty was found to moderately mediate the relationship between AMBI scores and avatar scores. Novelty seeking had a strong negative relationship with scores on the avatar task, but there was no significant relationship between reward dependence and scores on the avatar task. These findings indicate the effectiveness of the avatar task as a behavioral alternative to self-report measures to assess avoidance. In addition, computer based behavioral tasks are a viable alternative to paper and pencil self-report inventories, particularly when assessing anxiety and avoidance.
‘Smart’ Farming Techniques as Political Ontology: Access, Sovereignty and the Performance of Neoliberal and Not‐So‐Neoliberal Worlds

This paper draws from data collected through interviews with the following groups: big data and/or precision farm equipment firm employees from numerous countries; commodity farmers in the U.S. who use big data; individuals from the U.S.-based Right to Repair movement; and farmers associated with Farm Hack from the U.S. and the U.K. With this as the empirical backdrop, the author interrogates the concept of “access” by way of the phenomena of justice, ontology, and claims making—emergent themes to come out of the qualitative data. This in turn allows the author to conceptually, analytically, and empirically unpack the concept into the following three categories: access, property, and sovereignty. A framework then emerges to talk about these socio-technical assemblages in terms of what they do and the political ontologies they engender, recognizing, for instance, that while access can afford individuals and groups benefits it can also detract from an individual's and/or group's ability to flourish. Being able to identify those practices of agro-digital governance that afford sovereignty can inform policies and programs by nurturing an understanding the worlds they make possible. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Does Interest in Smoking Affect Youth Selection of Pro-smoking Videos? A Selective Exposure Experiment.

BACKGROUND Many pro-smoking videos on YouTube reach view counts in the hundreds of thousands and more. Yet, there is limited information on who is viewing these potentially misleading videos. This study attempts to understand the viewership of online pro-smoking videos to examine if youth at high risk for smoking are more likely to watch these videos. METHODS We conducted a selective exposure experiment with a national sample of youths (ages 15-21 years; n = 614) to identify characteristics that make individuals more likely to select pro-smoking videos. During a 10-min browsing session, participants were given a set of 16 videos (eight smoking and eight nonsmoking) and were asked to view video(s) of their choice. Exposure to videos was unobtrusively logged. View count was manipulated such that smoking videos had either high or low views. RESULTS Behavioral data revealed that youth with higher interest in smoking were more likely to select and spend more time watching pro-smoking videos than youth with lower interest in smoking. The view count manipulation did not affect selection patterns. However, exposure to high view count smoking videos was associated with more positive attitudes toward smoking. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study call into question the existence and prominence of pro-smoking videos on YouTube and bring to attention the need for regulatory or monitoring efforts of such content. IMPLICATIONS Given the presence and prevalence of misleading pro-smoking videos online, this is the first study to ask the practical and important question of who is viewing these videos. Using behavioral data, we are able to demonstrate that youth who are high at risk for smoking are more susceptible to select and spend more time viewing pro-smoking videos than youth who are low at risk for smoking. Findings also show that when pro-smoking videos appear to be "popular," they affect attitudes toward smoking. Our findings provide policy implications regarding regulation of smoking promotion videos online.
Regulation of monocyte procoagulant by chemoattractants.

Various n-formylated peptides function as receptor-specific chemoattractants for both granulocytes and monocytes. Because these agents are important tools in the study of leukocyte function in vitro, we chose to examine their effects on leukocyte procoagulant activity. The synthetic chemotactic peptide N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (FMLP) induces a fourfold increase in procoagulant activity (PCA) in cultured human monocytes at an optimal dose of 5 X 10(-9) mol/L, whereas higher doses inhibit PCA response. Although nonadherent lymphocytes are not absolutely required for PCA expression, their presence significantly amplifies monocyte PCA. Irradiation of nonadherent lymphocytes before mixing them with FMLP and adherent cells abolishes their ability to amplify PCA. Kinetic studies demonstrate an increase in optimal dose FMLP-stimulated PCA over time whereas high- dose inhibition of PCA generation occurs at various incubation times. Cell viability is unaffected by inhibitory concentrations of FMLP. Supernates from high-dose FMLP-stimulated cells fail to inhibit later expression of PCA by cells exposed to endotoxin. The cellular procoagulant remains cell-bound and exhibits characteristics of thromboplastin (tissue factor), including inhibition by concanavalin A and phospholipase C as well as the ability to shorten the clotting times of factor VIII but not factor VII-deficient substrate plasmas. These results suggest a complex system of lymphoid cell regulation of procoagulant generation by monocytes exposed to various chemotactic peptides in vitro.
Optimal Placement of Actuators and Other Peripherals for Large Space Structures

Optimal placement of actuators and other peripherals on large space structures is a combinatorial optimization problem. The paper surveys several techniques for solving this problem. Then the genetic algorithm approach to the solution of the placement problem is described in detail. An example of minimizing the difference between the two lowest frequencies of a laboratory truss by adding tuning masses is used for demonstrating some of the advantages of genetic algorithms.
Real gas effects on thermally choked ram accelerator performance

A one-dimensional performance analysis code has been modified to account for real gas effects in the combustion zone of the thermally choked ram accelerator. Previous computational studies utilized the ideal gas equation of state and underpredicted experimentally measured thrust values as a function of Mach number. The post-combustion pressure in the ram accelerator is on the order of a few ten MPa and in this regime it is no longer appropriate to ignore intermolecular interactions. Including a compressibility factor to account for these real gas effects provides a much better match with experimental data. The current research code incorporates the following equations of state: ideal gas, Boltzmann, Percus-Yevick, and a direct solution to the virial expansion in which the virial coefficients are computed using the Lennard-Jones and Stockmayer potentials. The ideal gas equation of state performs well for initial fill pressures up to 1.0 MPa, while the Boltzmann and direct virial model perform adequately for fill pressures up to 5.0 MPa. The Percus-Yevick model also performs well for ram accelerator fill pressures up to 5.0 MPa and is expected to accurately model fill pressures up to a few ten MPa.
Technical Note—Perishable Inventory Systems: Convexity Results for Base-Stock Policies and Learning Algorithms Under Censored Demand

We develop the first nonparametric learning algorithm for periodic-review perishable inventory systems. In contrast to the classical perishable inventory literature, we assume that the firm does no...
Numerical modeling and analysis of Transport Membrane Condensers for waste heat and water recovery from flue gas

Abstract Heat exchangers based on Transport Membrane Condenser (TMC) technology use nano-scale ceramic porous membrane tubes in order to recover both latent heat of condensation and water vapor from the exhaust gases. The main objective of the current work is to propose a modeling procedure based on computational fluid dynamics for the simulation of heat and mass transfer in the TMC based heat exchangers. A new mixed condensation model based on the wall condensation and capillary condensation in the membrane has been proposed. The results obtained from the model are compared with the previous numerical and experimental data. The comparison shows that the mixed model which combines the solid wall condensation and the capillary condensation fluxes significantly improves the accuracy of the numerical results. Transport of the water vapor and other species in the flue-gas, porous media, and cooling water zones inside the TMC heat exchanger is modeled using appropriate User Defined Functions (UDFs). Using the current model the effect of inlet flue-gas and water flow rates, inlet flue-gas humidity and tube pitches of the TMC heat exchangers are studied in terms of heat transfer and recovery efficiencies.
DO DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IMPROVE AS OLDER ADULTS TRANSITION FROM HOSPITAL TO POST-ACUTE CARE TO HOME?

AbstractDepression is common among hospitalized older adults. The change in depressive symptoms across transitions in care settings is poorly characterized. We describe the trajectory of depressive symptoms for patients enrolled in a randomized controlled trial to reduce polypharmacy with the hypothesis that symptom prevalence will be higher during hospitalization relative to each subsequent care transition. Patients’ depressive symptoms were assessed during their hospitalization, skilled nursing facility (SNF) discharge, and 7-days after SNF discharge using the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9), with a score of ≥5 indicating possible depression. During hospitalization and 7-day follow-up periods, the PHQ-9 was administered by trained research personnel. During the SNF stay, the PHQ-9 was administered by SNF staff and recorded on the discharge Minimum Data Set. A total of 59 patients (mean age of 78 (±10), 68% female) enrolled in the larger study had PHQ-9 data at all three time points. The mean PHQ-9 scores at hospital, SNF, and home were 9.4 ± 5.3, 1.9 ± 3.5, 5.7 ± 5.1, respectively. The prevalence of depressive symptoms was lower at 7-day follow-up relative to the hospitalization period: 81.4% to 49.2% of patients with possible depression, respectively. However, the prevalence of depressive symptoms was lowest at SNF, with 10.2% endorsing possible depression. Although the prevalence of depressive symptoms was lower after hospital discharge, the persistence of symptoms at home suggests a need for continued follow-up. Additionally, the lower prevalence and mean score at SNF compared to home implies that depressive symptoms may be under-recognized and therefore go unaddressed during the SNF stay.
Competitive Sensemaking in Value Creation and Capture

We suggest that a systematic socio-cognitive approach to “competitive sensemaking” has been absent from theory and research on competitive strategy. We define competitive sensemaking as the social ...
Deep-Learning Language-Modeling Approach for Automated, Personalized, and Iterative Radiology-Pathology Correlation

Abstract Purpose Radiology-pathology correlation has long been foundational to continuing education, peer learning, quality assurance, and multidisciplinary patient care. The objective of this study was to determine whether modern deep-learning language-modeling techniques could reliably match pathology reports to pertinent radiology reports. Methods The recently proposed Universal Language Model Fine-Tuning for Text Classification methodology was used. Two hundred thousand radiology and pathology reports were used for adaptation to the radiology-pathology space. One hundred thousand candidate radiology-pathology pairs, evenly split into match and no-match categories, were used for training the final binary classification model. Matches were defined by a previous-generation artificial intelligence anatomic concept radiology-pathology correlation system. Results The language model rapidly adapted very closely to the prior anatomic concept-matching approach, with 100% specificity, 65.1% sensitivity, and 73.7% accuracy. For comparison, the previous methodology, which was intentionally designed to be specific at the expense of sensitivity, had 98.0% specificity, 65.1% sensitivity, and 73.2% accuracy. Conclusions Modern deep-learning language-modeling approaches are promising for radiology-pathology correlation. Because of their rapid adaptation to underlying training labels, these models advance previous artificial intelligence work in that they can be continuously improved and tuned to improve performance and adjust to user and site-level preference.
Error Bounds and Superlinear Convergence Analysis of Some Newton-Type Methods in Optimization

We show that, for some Newton-type methods such as primal-dual interior-point path following methods and Chen-Mangasarian smoothing methods, local superlinear convergence can be shown without assuming the solutions are isolated. The analysis is based on local error bounds on the distance from the iterates to the solution set.
Management of Late Preterm and Term Neonates exposed to maternal Chorioamnionitis

Chorioamnionitis is a significant risk factor for early-onset neonatal sepsis. However, empiric antibiotic treatment is unnecessary for most asymptomatic newborns exposed to maternal chorioamnionitis (MC). The purpose of this study is to report the outcomes of asymptomatic neonates ≥35 weeks gestational age (GA) exposed to MC, who were managed without routine antibiotic administration and were clinically monitored while following complete blood cell counts (CBCs). A retrospective chart review was performed on neonates with GA ≥ 35 weeks with MC during calendar year 2013. IT ratio (immature: total neutrophils) was considered suspicious if ≥0.3. The data were analyzed using independent sample T-tests. Among the 275 neonates with MC, 36 received antibiotics for possible sepsis. Twenty-one were treated with antibiotics for > 48 h for clinical signs of infection; only one infant had a positive blood culture. All 21 became symptomatic prior to initiating antibiotics. Six showed worsening of IT ratio. Thus empiric antibiotic administration was safely avoided in 87% of neonates with MC. 81.5% of the neonates had follow-up appointments within a few days and at two weeks of age within the hospital system. There were no readmissions for suspected sepsis. In our patient population, using CBC indices and clinical observation to predict sepsis in neonates with MC appears safe and avoids the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Chinese lighthearted comedies of the early 1960s

This article examines the flourishing of lighthearted comedy (qing xiju) in Chinese cinema in the early 1960s. Through comedic conflicts generated by the reconfiguration of domestic and professional identities in socialist China, the lighthearted comedies used laughter as a corrective tool to advocate new social, political, and moral values, and in particular to redefine gendered space in society. Many of these films, with apparent links to the immediate mass campaigns and national policies promulgated by the state at the time, managed to provide innovative and rich entertainment with nuanced ideological messages in everyday situations. As exemplified in popular comedies such as Li Shuangshuang, Female Barber, Satisfied or Not, and Big Li, Little Li, and Old Li, Chinese filmmakers were active in exploring new themes and styles in a volatile environment while trying to connect to various artistic and cultural traditions. A close examination of the dynamic negotiations between ideological obligation and artistic expression in these comedies reveals the constraints and potentials of artistic agency, and helps us understand the intertwined relationship between the comic and the political.
Gist Inference Scores predict gist memory for authentic patient education cancer texts.

Abstract Objectives Develop a tool to evaluate and improve written medical communication to patients. Determine how effectively Gist Inference Scores (GIS) predict comprehension of patient education texts independently of health literacy. Explicate the text characteristics and psychological mechanism underlying GIS. Methods For study 1, a nationally representative sample of older women (N = 61) completed a fill-in-the-blank comprehension task on authentic National Cancer Institute (NCI) texts of varying GIS levels. In study 2, participants (N = 198) read NCI texts (high or low GIS) then recalled what they read. Results Study 1 showed that a higher percentage of different words yielding semantically similar sentence meaning were used to correctly fill-the-blanks on high GIS texts and there was no significant interaction with health literacy. In study 2, a greater proportion of decision-relevant information was recalled for high GIS texts. Conclusions GIS predicts the likelihood that readers will form gist representations of medical texts on free recall and fill-in-the-blank tasks. High GIS texts allow for more semantic flexibility to mentally represent the same meaning, and more strongly emphasizes gist rather than verbatim representations. Practical implications GIS provides medical communicators with an automated and user-friendly method to evaluate medical texts for their ability to convey the bottom-line meaning.
BEYOND SEE ONE, DO ONE, TEACH ON, THE EFFECT OF TARGETED ECHO TEACHING LABS ON THE QUALITY OF FIRST YEAR PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY ECHOES

Pediatric Cardiology fellows must learn basic echocardiography skills in order to make real-time diagnoses of congenital cardiac defects. We report our program’s experience with standardized “Echo Teaching Labs” to train first year fellows to perform a pediatric echocardiogram. Beginning with
Care of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic presents many unique challenges when caring for patients with pulmonary hypertension. The COVID-19 pandemic has altered routine standard of care practice and the acute management particularly for those patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension, where pulmonary arterial hypertension-specific treatments are used. It is important to balance the ongoing care and evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension patients with "exposure risk" to COVID-19 for patients coming to clinic or the hospital. If there is a morbidity and mortality benefit from starting pulmonary arterial hypertension therapies, for example in a patient with high-likelihood of pulmonary arterial hypertension, then it remains important to complete the thorough evaluation. However, the COVID-19 outbreak may also represent a unique time when pulmonary hypertension experts have to weigh the risks and benefits of the diagnostic work-up including potential exposure to COVID-19 versus initiating targeted pulmonary arterial hypertension therapy in a select high-risk, high likelihood World Symposium Pulmonary Hypertension Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. This document will highlight some of the issues facing providers, patients, and the pulmonary arterial hypertension community in real-time as the COVID-19 pandemic is evolving and is intended to share expected common clinical scenarios and best clinical practices to help the community at-large.
Continuous and Time-Domain Coherent Signal Conversion between Optical and Microwave Frequencies

Converting seamlessly between optical and microwave frequencies would enable ultralow-loss long-distance communication of both classical and quantum signals, and could enable a quantum telecommunication repeater. High conversion rates with low loss are needed for any practical technology. The authors present a significant step toward both of those goals: an integrated electromechanical and optomechanical design that yields significantly lower loss with megahertz conversion rates, which is promising for future bidirectional quantum communication. Their design includes a number of innovations for generating and transmitting the rf acoustic signals that are key to device operation.
Dolutegravir Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinases Affects Mouse Neurodevelopment

Dolutegravir (DTG) is a first-line antiretroviral drug (ARV) used in combination therapy for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection. The drug is effective, safe, and well tolerated. Nonetheless, concerns have recently emerged for its usage in pregnant women or those of child-bearing age. Notably, DTG-based ARV regimens have been linked to birth defects seen as a consequence of periconceptional usages. To this end, uncovering an underlying mechanism for DTG-associated adverse fetal development outcomes has gained clinical and basic research interest. We now report that DTG inhibits matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) activities that could affect fetal neurodevelopment. DTG is a broad-spectrum MMPs inhibitor and binds to Zn++ at the enzyme's catalytic domain. Studies performed in pregnant mice show that DTG readily reaches the fetal central nervous system during gestation and inhibits MMP activity. Postnatal screenings of brain health in mice pups identified neuroinflammation and neuronal impairment. These abnormalities persist as a consequence of in utero DTG exposure. We conclude that DTG inhibition of MMPs activities during gestation has the potential to affect prenatal and postnatal neurodevelopment.
Heritage Reconstruction in Mostar: Minorities and Multiculturalism in Post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina

Heritage reconstruction continues to be deeply embedded in contemporary identity politics in Mostar even though the international community and local Croat and Bosniak leaders agree that the city should be multicultural and though all parties feel that their heritage reconstruction, new construction, and memorial projects contribute to this multiculturalism. Heritage sites now symbolically reinforce different understandings of the multicultural built environment. Recent projects in Mostar simultaneously contribute to the acceptance of shared space as well as to the perpetuation of the tensions that fuelled the conflict, as some suggest a common or shared heritage while others accentuate differences. This chapter explores cultural, religious, and public institutional heritage projects in postwar Mostar, contextualizing the Old Bridge within its complicated city. It argues a perceived ‘double minority’ syndrome has led to different understandings of multiculturalism by Mostar’s communities and thus to continued conflict in the city’s built environment.
Kinetics of Environmental Degradation in Graphite-Epoxy Laminates

A detailed study of the kinetics of environmental degradation in graphite-epoxy composites show a close correlation between analytical predictions and experimentally observed changes in interlaminar shear and fracture energy response under high moisture exposure conditions. Unaged composite specimens exhibit high interlaminar shear strength λ b > 850 kg/cm 2 (12 000 psi) and relatively low fracture energy W b /A ≅ 10 to 20 kg cm/cm 2 (56 to 112 lb in./in. 2 ). Exposure to 95 percent relative humidity or water immersion at 100°C (212°F) for times t ≥ 200 h produces a 30 to 50 percent reduction in λ b accompanied by a concurrent two to fivefold increase in W b /A and acoustic energy absorption. These property changes are shown to be irreversible and directly related to cumulative moisture degradation of the fiber-matrix interfacial bond. The magnitudes of these property changes are consistent with surface energy analysis and micromechanics predictions.
The Untapped Potential of Tunneled Pleural Catheters.

Background Tunneled pleural catheters (TPCs) are routinely used for outpatient drainage of malignant pleural effusions, although use in recurrent pleural effusions resulting from nonmalignant conditions requires further evaluation. We hypothesized that TPCs could decrease inpatient admission rates for exacerbations of nonmalignant pleural effusions. Methods A retrospective chart review was done of patients with TPCs inserted for recurrent nonmalignant pleural effusions. Patients were set up with home care nursing support and catheter draining two to three times per week and were then followed on an outpatient basis until spontaneous pleurodesis and catheter removal. Data collection included demographics, comorbidities, and hospital admission rates relative to TPC placement as well as removal. Results Thirty-seven patients with recurrent, nonmalignant pleural effusions were enrolled (17 female and 20 male patients). Patients had comorbid conditions including hypertension (86%), chronic kidney disease (59%), congestive heart failure (67%), liver disease (11%), and malnutrition (22%), and most patients (89%) had multiples of these conditions. Total admissions for pleural effusion exacerbations decreased from 59 to 15 in the 1 year before and after TPC placement and from 42 to 6 in the respective 3-month periods ( p p Conclusions The study results support TPC placement in recurrent nonmalignant pleural effusions refractory to medical management as an effective and plausible management option.
A Long Chain Terpenyl Pyrophosphate Synthetase from Micrococcus lysodeikticus

Abstract A new terpene pyrophosphate synthetase (Enzyme II) distinct from the previously reported geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthetase (Enzyme I) has been isolated from extracts of Micrococcus lysodeikticus and partially purified. Enzyme II catalyzes the elongation of terpenoid allyl pyrophosphates by isopentenyl pyrophosphate to long chain products. The order of effectiveness of various allyl pyrophosphates in the elongation reaction is geranyl pyrophosphate g farnesyl pyrophosphate g geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate g dimethylallyl pyrophosphate. Isolation of doubly labeled terpene alcohol from experiments with 14C-isopentenyl pyrophosphate and 3H-farnesyl pyrophosphate and determination of 14C:3H ratios indicates the presence of 7 to 10 isoprene units in the elongation products with a predominance of the C35 and C40 alcohols. The same chain length distribution is estimated from the mass spectra of the acid-hydrolyzed products of Enzyme II. The incorporation of 32P from 32P-isopentenyl pyrophosphate and the acid lability of the 32P-labeled material indicate that the products formed are pyrophosphate derivatives. In contrast to shorter chain terpene pyrophosphates, the products formed by Enzyme II are not cleaved by bacterial alkaline phosphatase. They also have the unusual property of binding very strongly to protein.
Preconcentration of trace metal ions by combined complexation-anion exchange

Abstract The ligand 2-(3′-sulfobenzoyl)pyridine-2-pyridylhydrazone forms anionic complexes with Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Hg and Pd which demonstrate high affinities for anion-exchange resins. The behavior of Co, Zn and Cd was studied in detail, with respect to pH, flow rate, ligand/metal ratio, volume, concentration and percentage retention of the anionic complex on the Bio-Rad AG1-X2 resin. At optimal conditions, Co, Zn and Cd are quantitatively retained; Zn and Cd are removed completely by 2 M HNO 3 or 1 M H 2 SO 4 , and Co by 12 M HCl and 1 M HNO 3 . Concentration enhancements up to 300-fold can be easily achieved. The complexes can be left on the columns for 48–96 h and still be quantitatively recovered. A ligand-loaded resin column can also be used to remove Co, Zn and Cd from solution. Batch experiments were used to determine distribution coefficients for the metal complexes.
The FindIT Flashlight: Responsive Tagging Based on Optically Triggered Microprocessor Wakeup

We have designed an active tagging system that responds to a coded optical beam from several meters away. The tags contain a minimalist microprocessor that ambiently operates in shutdown mode and, upon detecting particular frequency components in the AM-modulated interrogation beam, awakens to decode the incident digital message and produce an appropriate response. The lack of linear amplifiers means that these tags draw under 0.5 μA when sleeping, hence can operate up to 10 years on a lithium coin cell. Such devices are practical demonstrations of the potential of ubiquitous computing where common, nearly passive objects have a sense of identity and the ability to respond to external stimuli. In our example, the interrogator is a "flashlight", with which one scans an area; when the light beam hits a tag programmed with a code that matches that sent by the interrogator, an on-tag LED flashes, indicating that the desired object is "found".
Lines in Space: Part 4--Back to the Diagrams

It was shown in previous parts that it is possible to represent an arbitrary line in projective 3-space with six numbers. This part presents a method for the transformation of lines, discusses the relationship between of the placements of the 6 numbers in 2 matrices, and presents a method for detection of line-line intersections. To achieve this, a tensor notation is developed.