cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Generalized Portmanteau Goodness-of-Fit Test for Time Series Models

We present a goodness of fit test for time series models based on the discrete spectral averageestimator. Unlike current tests of goodness of fit, the asymptotic distribution of our test statisticallows the null hypothesis to be either a short or long range dependence model. Our test isin the frequency domain, is easy to compute and does not require the calculation of residualsfrom the fitted model. This is especially advantageous when the fitted model is not a finiteorder autoregressive model. The test statistic is a frequency domain analogue of the test byHong (1996) which is a generalization of the Box-Pierce (1970) test statistic. A simulation studyshows that our test has power comparable to that of Hong's test and superior to that of anotherfrequency domain test by Milhoj (1981).
Hiring and training for dummies

Managing student employees realistically means dealing with high staff turnover. Coming from a large university with a student staff approximating 100, our fall hiring became overwhelming for one or two supervisors who had to hire 30-40 new consultants. We had to get the best results without sacrificing so much of our time. This paper will present a streamlined system that makes hiring and training a more efficient process. Our training begins when the students are hired and continues throughout the course of their job to ensure quality student consultants.
Reducing suicidal ideation in home health care: results from the CAREPATH depression care management trial.

Objectives The study evaluated the effectiveness of a depression care management intervention in reducing suicidal ideation (SI) among home health patients.
Modeling the transport phenomena during dual beam laser welding process

The objective of this paper is to establish mathematical models and the associated numerical techniques to calculate the transient heat transfer and fluid flow in the melt pool, and to understand the mechanisms leading to the oval shape of the melt pool during dual beam laser welding. By combining several Nd:Yag lasers one can increase the total output power to achieve deep penetration.
Predicting Patriarchy Using Individual and Contextual Factors to Examine Patriarchal Endorsement in Communities

In much feminist literature, patriarchy has often been studied as a predictive variable for attitudes toward or acts of violence against women. However, rarely has patriarchy been examined as an outcome across studies. The current study works toward filling this gap by examining several individual-and neighborhood-level factors that might influence patriarchy. Specifically, this research seeks to determine if neighborhood-level attributes related to socioeconomic status, family composition, and demographic information affect patriarchal views after individual-level correlates of patriarchy were controlled. Findings suggest that factors at both the individual- and neighborhood levels, particularly familial characteristics and dynamics, do influence the endorsement of patriarchal views.
Reengineering device translation timelines.

Innovative engineering will substantially shorten the translational medicine timeline from concept to clinical application of medical devices.
Eosinophilic cystitis: Successful long-term treatment with montelukast sodium

We report a rare case of eosinophilic cystitis in a 6-year-old boy who presented with irritative voiding symptoms, peripheral eosinophilia, and a bladder mass initially visualized on ultrasonography. Cystoscopy and transurethral biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Complete resolution of his symptoms occurred within 1 week of corticosteroid use and the x-ray findings improved within 6 weeks. At 6 months of follow-up, the patient continued to require a leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast sodium) despite several attempts to discontinue its use. We propose that eosinophilic cystitis in children who present with peripheral eosinophilia will often require long-term treatment.
Use of an energy-saving concept to assess life-cycle impact in engineering

Energy and environmental issues are worldwide concerns in the 21st century. The authors propose that the best way to solve the energy-use problem is to account for all of a product's energy consumption information at the beginning of product design. Therefore, with the objective to promote energy-saving throughout the entire life cycle of general products or systems, the authors develop a new product design method by integrating the engineering design theory and two new concepts. A case study based on a typical energy-consuming product, a commercial hair dryer, will be presented in the paper for demonstrating the new design concept.
Use of multi-element tracers to source apportion mercury in south Florida aerosols

Abstract The relative importance of local sources of mercury (Hg) in aerosols from urban areas in south Florida in relation to regional or global sources transported to the Everglades was investigated using a multi-element tracer approach. The sources of metals and Hg within aerosols were determined by integrating the collection of aerosols at seven locations with meteorology, source sampling, and statistical analysis. Sources include sea spray, soil dust from local carbonate bedrock and long range Saharan dust transport, regional scale transport of sulfate aerosols, and local point sources including oil-fired power plants, medical and waste incineration, and cement kilns. Using a principal components analysis-multiple linear regression (PCA-MLR) approach, 80% of the Hg in particulate form at the Thompson Park Everglades receptor site (THP) could be attributed to local sources. The key to the success of the source attribution at THP was collection of samples on a 12-h sampling basis in order to account for diurnal changes in meteorological conditions in south Florida associated with land–sea breeze development. Fifty-six±7% of the particulate Hg at THP was associated with elevated Zn concentrations which source sampling and surface meteorology indicate as emissions from municipal waste incineration located southeast of THP. Another 14±5% of the particulate Hg was associated with elevated Cu and Pb concentrations from sources SSE of THP. Eleven±1% of the particulate Hg originated from medical waste incineration sources and was associated with elevated levels of Cl and rapid SE to NW transport. Elevated concentrations of Si, Al, Fe, Mn, and K occurred on the same days at all sites, following passage of tropical storms over south Florida. PCA grouped these elements within a factor that is likely Saharan dust in origin, only 12±2% of the particulate Hg at THP could be attributed to this non-local source. Because the majority of the particulate Hg at THP can be attributed to emission sources located in nearby urban areas, regulations resulting in a reduction in particulate material emitted by industrial sources in south Florida will likely have a significant effect on reducing the flux of Hg and other trace metals in aerosol form to the Everglades.
Acute toxicity of patulin and its interaction with penicillic acid in dogs.

Abstract The acute toxicity of iv-administered patulin and its interaction with ip-injected penicillic acid were investigated in male dogs. The LD 50 of patulin was estimated to be 10·4 mg/kg (95% confidence limits 7·2–15·1 mg/kg). Patulin had severe effects in dogs, particularly on the lungs. Lethargy, anorexia, haematemesis, diarrhoea, pulmonary haemorrhages and oedema, and luminal haemorrhages of the gastro-intestinal tract were common features in dogs given patulin in a dose of 10 mg/kg or more. Sublethal doses (7·5 mg/kg or less) did not have drastic pulmonary effects. Enhancement of patulin toxicity by penicillic acid was indicated by the occurrence of deaths in dogs exposed simultaneously to sublethal doses of both mycotoxins, by the presence in these dogs of toxic signs and lesions resembling those elicited by a single lethal dose of patulin given alone, and by the presence of pulmonary histopathology in dogs receiving both toxins at levels that, given alone, produced no such lesions. Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase in dogs given the mycotoxin combination also suggested possible interaction between the two toxins.
PHYSICAL AND METAPHYSICAL NECESSITY

: I propose a different way of thinking about metaphysical and physical necessity: namely that the fundamental notion of necessity is what would ordinarily be called “truth in all physically possible worlds”– a notion which includes the standard physical necessities and the metaphysical ones as well; I suggest that the latter are marked off not as a stricter kind of necessity but by their epistemic status. One result of this reconceptualization is that the Descartes-Kripke argument against naturalism need no longer trouble us. I end by relating the difference between my view and the standard view to the question, whether there could have been a different world than ours.
The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America; Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy; and Punishment and Inequality in America

The Prison and the Gallows: The Politics of Mass Incarceration in America. By Marie Gottschalk. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006. 466p. 28.99 paper.Locked Out: Felon Disenfranchisement and American Democracy. By Jeff Manza and Christopher Uggen. New York: Oxford University Press, 2006. 384p. $29.95.Punishment and Inequality in America. By Bruce Western. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2006. 224p. $29.95.The American penal system has acquired an alarming rap sheet: Incarceration rates more than quadrupled from 1970 to 2005; African Americans are seven times more likely to be incarcerated than whites; more than five million Americans are barred from voting because of a felony conviction; and the United States incarcerates a greater proportion of its citizens than any nation in the world. Each of the three books reviewed here begins with some incantation of these daunting statistics, and from there they grapple with questions of the political causes and consequences of mass incarceration. What drives the contemporary prison boom, and how does mass incarceration in turn influence the distribution of political power, the mobilization of interest groups, and the citizenship of all those living under the ever-expanding criminal justice net?
IMPROVED ESTIMATIONS OF TOTAL AND PSYCHROTROPHIC MICROFLORA IN RAW MILK USING REFLECTANCE COLORIMETRY AT 32°C1

A reflectance colorimeter with 32°C incubation/detection temperature successfully quantitated total and psychrotrophic microflora in raw milk. Correlations between reflectance colorimetry and the Standard Plate Count improved with preliminary incubation time: .50 (no preliminary incubation), .74 (24 h at 7°C), to .84 (48 h at 7°C). Correlations between reflectance colorimetry and the Psychrotrophic Bacterial Count were better than those achieved with the Standard Plate Count and improved: .53 (no preliminary incubation). 80 (24 h at 7°C), to .91 (48 h at 7°C). The 48 h preliminary incubation method would cost less and data would be available in 48 to 72 h compared to the 98 to 240 h for psychrotrophic plating methods. A second sample set (no preliminary incubation) could be analyzed to identify high-count samples in less than 24 h. Color detection times following sample refrigeration for 24 h at 0, 4. and 7°C were significantly different from samples tested before refrigeration. Identical sample time/temperature storage conditions are suggested
Surgical Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation: Today’s Questions and Answers

Although atrial fibrillation is common in cardiac surgery patients, the Cox maze IV procedure is underutilized; in contemporary practice, most cardiac surgery patients with atrial fibrillation do not receive concomitant surgical ablation. Available evidence suggests that a biatrial, energy-assisted Cox maze IV procedure restores normal sinus rhythm in two-thirds to three-quarters of patients without increasing operative risk. The best results are obtained by adherence to the correct lesion set and careful attention to perioperative management of heart rhythm and anticoagulation. To date, we have no randomized clinical trials confirming that surgical ablation improves clinical outcomes beyond restoration of sinus rhythm; however, available evidence does suggest that concomitant surgical ablation provides clinical benefit, most notably by reducing the long-term risk of stroke.
Forb Species Establishment Increases with Decreased Grass Seeding Density and with Increased Forb Seeding Density in a Northeast Kansas, U.S.A., Experimental Prairie Restoration

Most prairie restorations fail to produce the diversity of species found in unplowed remnants. This lack of restored diversity is hypothesized to be partly due to the inhibition of forb species by high seeding densities of dominant grasses and partly due to the low seeding densities of forbs used in many restorations. We tested this hypothesis by sowing various densities of forb and warm-season grass seeds into a restoration begun on bare soil. This is the first replicated restoration experiment we are aware of that varies grass seeding densities to examine the effects on forbs. Four years after seeding, we found that higher densities of grass seeds decreased forb cover, biomass, and richness, and higher densities of forb seeds increased forb richness. These results suggest that dominant grasses compete strongly with native forb species and that many forb species thrive when they are spatially separated from dominant grasses. The results also suggest that seed availability limits the establishment of some forbs. Forb diversity can therefore be increased by decreasing grass seeding density, by increasing forb seeding density, or both. However, forb seeds are generally expensive, and increasing forb seeding density across the entire area of a restoration may be prohibitively expensive. We therefore recommend a low seeding density of dominant grasses, and we recommend spatially separating forbs from dominant grasses by adding most forb seeds to areas with little to no dominant grasses and by adding the rest of the forb seeds to areas with a low density of dominant grasses.
Insertion of heterometals into the NifEN-associated iron-molybdenum cofactor precursor.

The cofactors of Mo-, V-, Fe-dependent nitrogenases are believed to be highly homologous in structure despite the different types of heterometals (Mo, V, and Fe) they contain. Previously, a precursor form of the FeMo cofactor (FeMoco) was captured on NifEN, a scaffold protein for FeMoco biosynthesis. This all-Fe precursor closely resembles the Fe/S core structure of the FeMoco and, therefore, could reasonably serve as a precursor for all nitrogenase cofactors. Here, we report the heterologous incorporation of V and Fe into the NifEN-associated FeMoco precursor. EPR and activity analyses indicate that V and Fe can be inserted at much reduced efficiencies compared with Mo, and incorporation of both V and Fe is enhanced in the presence of homocitrate. Further, native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis experiments suggest that NifEN undergoes a significant conformational rearrangement upon metal insertion, which allows the subsequent NifEN–MoFe protein interactions and the transfer of the cofactor between the two proteins. The combined outcome of these in vitro studies leads to the proposal of a selective mechanism that is utilized in vivo to maintain the specificity of heterometals in nitrogenase cofactors, which is likely accomplished through the redox regulation of metal mobilization by different Fe proteins (encoded by nifH, vnfH, and anfH, respectively), as well as the differential interactions between these Fe proteins and their respective scaffold proteins (NifEN and VnfEN) in the Mo-, V-, and Fe-dependent nitrogenase systems.
Design and Performance Test of Hydraulic PTO for Wave Energy Converter

A PTO (power take-off) system for 50kW class rotating body type WEC (wave energy converter) has been designed, constructed and tested. The WEC has a semi-submerged, articulated structure composed of two cylindrical body sections linked together by a hinge joint. The wave-induced motion of the joint is resisted by a hydraulic cylinder, which pumps high-pressure oil to PTO system having a generator-coupled hydraulic motor and a smoothing accumulator. The hydraulic PTO provides an efficient way for generating high quality electric power from the reciprocating motion of the cylinder. The economic viability of a WEC largely depends on the energy conversion efficiency of its PTO. The efficiency of the overall PTO system and individual parts are measured at the 5, 20, 35 and 43kW of generator power while the generator is tied to the commercial 380Vac grid. In this paper, the design of a hydraulic PTO is presented, and the performance of the PTO is discussed.
Setting policy priorities to address eating disorders and weight stigma: views from the field of eating disorders and the US general public.

Background: The prevalence and health consequences of eating disorders and weight stigmatization have prompted increasing discussion of potential policy actions to address these public health issues. The present study aimed to assess support for policy strategies to address eating disorders and weight stigmatization among the general public and relevant health professionals. Methods: An Internet survey was fielded to a national sample of 944 US adults and 1,420 members of professional organizations specializing in eating disorders to examine their support for 23 potential policy strategies to address eating disorders and weight stigma. Participants also rated policy actions according to their potential for positive impact and feasible implementation. Results: Support for the majority of health and social policies was high in both samples. For example, strategies to 1) improve school-based health curriculum to include content aimed at preventing eating disorders, 2) require training for educators and health providers on the prevention and early identification of eating disorders, and 3) implement school-based anti-bullying policies that that protect students from being bullied about their weight, were supported by over two-thirds of participants. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that both health and social policy actions will be important in broader policy initiatives to address eating disorders and weight stigma.
A dynamic source-drain extension (DSDE) MOSFET using a separately biased conductive spacer

We present a novel device to control short channel effects: a conductive spacer. Placed adjacent to (but isolated from) the gate stack, the conductive spacer functions as an auxiliary gate and is biased independently from the principal gate. This novel auxiliary gate is able to invert a portion of the channel adjacent to the LDD on both the source and the drain side, decreasing the effective channel length. Consequently, it is easier to turn the gate "off" and "on". Using T-CAD simulations, we show a four orders of magnitude reduction in I/sub OFF/ (at an I/sub DSAT/ of 700 /spl mu/A//spl mu/m) using the conductive spacer device. Conductive spacers may be useful as scaling continues. It is predicted that nano-scale pass gates with I/sub OFF/ values as low as 1 pA//spl mu/m may be attainable.
Gendered Capital: Childhood Socialization and the “Boy Crisis” in Education

This study examined the effect of gender socialization on kindergarten grades using data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study- Kindergarten Cohort. The sample consisted of 6,394 children (3,177 girls; 3,217 boys) from across the United States. MANOVA and follow-up tests revealed that both boys and girls tend to participate in gender-typed activities. Girls are more likely to have positive school attitudes and exhibit positive social behavior; boys are more likely to have negative school attitudes. Regression analyses indicated that participation in “female” activities and positive social behavior positively affect grades; participation in “male” activities has no direct effect. Positive attitudes positively affect the grades of girls; negative attitudes negatively affect the grades of boys. Teacher evaluation practices are also considered.
Enhanced Diagnosis of Pneumococcal Bacteremia Using Antigen- and Molecular-Based Tools on Blood Specimens in Mali and Thailand: A Prospective Surveillance Study

Prior antibiotic use, contamination, limited blood volume, and processing delays reduce yield of blood cultures for detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae. We performed immunochromatographic testing (ICT) on broth from incubated blood culture bottles and real-time lytA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on broth and whole blood and compared findings to blood culture in patients with suspected bacteremia. We selected 383 patients in Mali and 586 patients in Thailand based on their blood culture results: 75 and 31 were positive for pneumococcus, 100 and 162 were positive for other pathogens, and 208 and 403 were blood culture negative, respectively. ICT and PCR of blood culture broth were at least 87% sensitive and 97% specific compared with blood culture; whole blood PCR was 75-88% sensitive and 96-100% specific. Pneumococcal yields in children 99% of additional cases detected by whole blood PCR, and from 0.07% to 5.1% in Thailand with two-thirds of additional cases identified by ICT. Compared with blood culture, ICT and lytA PCR on cultured broth were highly sensitive and specific but their ability to improve pneumococcal identification varied by site. Further studies of these tools are needed before widespread implementation.
Coherent Femtosecond X-ray Raman Spectroscopy of Molecules

By formulating the nonlinear response, in terms of correlation functions of charge and current densities we show that coherent x-ray Raman Spectroscopy provides an excellent local probe for the valence excitation dynamics in molecules.
Metabolism of Some Organophosphorus Insecticides by Microorganisms

The metabolism by some soil microorganisms of Thimet, Am. Cyanamid 12008, their oxidation products and certain other organophosphates was investigated. The yeast, Torulopsis utilis , the bacteria, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Thiobacillus thiooxidans , and the green alga, Chlorella pyrenoidosa were grown in pure cultures under aseptic conditions. The first two organisms were grown in a glucose-yeast extract medium and the latter two in mineral solutions. Rate studies were made on the hydrolysis and oxidation of organophosphates introduced into the cultures as emulsions at 1,000 p.p.m. Torulopsis and Chlorella reacted similarly with the thiophosphates. It appeared as if the organophosphates were rapidly absorbed by the organisms, and then slowly released from the living and dead cells in the cultures. With both organisms the S-(alkylthio) methyl derivatives were much more rapidly hydrolyzed than the S-(alkylsulfonyl)methyl, and the latter only slightly faster than the S-(alkylsulfinyl)methyl compounds. In all cases the phosphorodithioate sulfoxides were the most stable and the phosphorothiolate sulfides were the least stable derivatives in the presence of the organisms. With Chlorella , Thimet was oxidized to the phosphorodithioate sulfoxide, which was very stable to hydrolysis but slowly converted to the phosphorothiolate sulfoxide with little if any phosphorothiolate sulfide or sulfones being formed. Both Torulopsis and Chlorella oxidized the sulfides to sulfoxides, but Chlorella was more effective in oxidizing the phosphorodithioates to phosphorothiolates. Little if any oxidation was found with parathion, Dow ET-57, dimefox and schradan in Chlorella cultures. The two bacteria failed to oxidize Thimet but were effective at hydrolyzing this compound. Thiobacillus could not utilize sulfur from the Thimet molecule.
False Basophil Counts on the Coulter STKS Hematology Analyzer: A Study of Specimens From Patients Infected With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus

We discovered an unusually high number of falsely elevated basophil counts on our Coulter STKS (Coulter Electronics Corp, Hialeah, Fla) when processing blood specimens of patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. The scatterplot analysis of the specimens revealed a subpopulation below the lymphocyte cloud that represented an unknown cell population. After analyzing 500 specimens and evaluating the scatterplots, we found that 161 (32%) of the scatterplots exhibited the subpopulation, and 40 (8%) showed the elevated basophil count. Manual differential counts verified normal lymph and basophil counts, and flow cytometry did not identify the additional cell population. We theorized that the patients’ lymphocytes were altered by disease or drug therapy, which affected the STKS’ ability to identify the lymphocytes correctly.
Managing International Development Projects Case Studies of Implementation of Large-scale Projects in India

The discipline of project management has got into new areas over time, but core problems like delay and cost overrun continue to be there. In the international development projects like those related to poverty alleviation, managing projects is much more complex. This article tries to understand the project management practices followed in the implementation of international development projects. Based on the comparative study of four projects—Participatory Approach to Human and Land Development (PAHAL, Rajasthan), Drought Prone Area Programme (DPAP) watershed projects, Rajasthan District Poverty Initiative Project (DPIP, Rajasthan) and Sujala (Karnataka)—the article finds various problems ranging from interorganizational conflicts, lack of interdepartmental coordination, fund-crunch, frequent changes in implementation guidelines, etc. Delay in progress was invariably found and progress was made through diluting quality. The main reason behind this was the dynamic nature of interventions and rigid project...
Consequences for Patients and Their Loved Ones When Physicians Refuse to Participate in Ethics Consultation Processes.

Ethics committees must position themselves as mediating rather than punitive bodies to win the cooperation of stakeholders.
Surveillance on Mosquito Density in Zigong,2011-2012

Objective To investigate the species composition and seasonal growth and decline trend of adult mosquito in Zigong in 2011-2012,and thus to provide scientific basis for mosquito control and prevention. Methods Mosquito-lured lamp method was adopted to collect the sample and the data were statistically analyzed with Excel2003. Results Totally 20 069 mosquitoes were trapped during the period,including 5 species distributed in 4 genera under 2 subfamilies under one family. Of the mosquitos,Culex fatigans was 3059( 15. 24%);Culex tritaeniorhynchus was 14 021( 69. 86%); aedes albopictus was 11( 0. 05%); anopheles sinensis was575( 2. 87%) and Armigeres subalbatus was 2403( 11. 97%). The constituent ratio of the species was equivalent in urban area and rural area. The average mosquito density in urban area was respectively 0. 27 /lamp / h and 0. 22 / lamp / h in 2011 and 2012,respectively; and in rural area the density was 13. 39 / lamp / h and 11. 99 / lamp / h,respectively. The peak density exhibited in May and Jun. in 2011 and 2012,respectively. Conclusion Culex trttaeniorhynchus is the dominant species; the species shows no obvious changes in terms of constitution and season. A time period of May to Oct. is recommended for mosquito prevention and control.
Application of near infrared transmittance spectroscoy(NITS)to the determination of viscosity setback of rice starch

One hundred and eighty-three samples of rice were scanned by Foss Tecator Infratec 1255,and their setback were determined by RVA(Rapid Visco Analyzer).Several mathematics treatments to the sample spectra and several different regressin methods were adopted to optimize a good calibration equation for determination of secback of rice.The standard error of calibration(SEC),standard error of cross-validation(SECV) and regression squared(RSQ) of the calibration selected were18.69,19.08 and 0.949 7.The NITS method has high accuracy in predicted tests of cross validation and independent validation.The method will offer a new approach of testing viscosity properties of rice starch with quick,precise and non-destructive characters.
RNA-binding protein Musashi2 induced by RANKL is critical for osteoclast survival

The Musashi family of RNA-binding proteins, Musashi1 and Musashi2, regulate self-renewal and differentiation of neuronal and hematopoietic stem cells by modulating protein translation. It has been recently reported that Musashi2, not Musashi1, regulates hematopoietic stem cells. Although osteoclasts are derived from hematopoietic cells, the expression and functions of Musashi proteins in osteoclast lineage cells remain unknown. In this study, we have uncovered that Musashi2 is the predominant isoform of Musashi proteins in osteoclast precursors and its expression is upregulated by receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) during osteoclast differentiation. Knocking down the expression of Musashi2 in osteoclast lineage cells by shRNAs attenuates nuclear factor of activated T cells 1 (NFATc1) expression and osteoclast formation in vitro. Mechanistically, loss of Musashi2 inhibits Notch signaling during osteoclast differentiation and induces apoptosis in pre-osteoclasts. In contrast, depletion of Musashi2 has no effects on cell cycle progression and p21(WAF-1) protein expression in macrophages. Furthermore, depletion of Notch2 and its downstream target Hes1 in osteoclast precursors by shRNAs abrogates osteoclastogenesis by inhibiting NFATc1. Finally, absence of Musashi2 in osteoclast precursors promotes apoptosis and inhibits RANKL-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation, which is essential for osteoclast survival, Thus, Musashi2 is required for cell survival and optimal osteoclastogenesis by affecting Notch signaling and NF-κB activation.
Pulsar lo Effect

Burbidge and Strittmatter1 have suggested that a small orbiting companion of a neutron star might trigger pulses of radio emission, in a way analogous to the lo effect in Jupiter. They propose a satellite of mass m < 1027 g, to avoid difficulties with gravitational radiation, orbiting at a distance R = 108 cm to give a period of the order observed in pulsars.
Fourier Bessel Characterization of Polished Metal Surfaces

The amount of information available from metallographic cross sections about material properties remains only subjectively accessible via trained metallurgical experts. Image analysis has not fulfilled the promise to quantify, standardize, or transmit this subjective information. Our solution is to describe different alloys with Luerkens-Beddow style Bessel Fourier descriptors. When AISI-SAE 1035, 1045, and 1060 steels undergo spheroidizing or normalizing heat treatments, the relative amounts and morphology of pearlite, bainite, and other phases, which determine material properties, change even more. The Bessel Fourier descriptors enable accurate classification (up to 93% accuracy) according to heat treatment history and alloy composition, indicating their superior ability to describe metallographic surfaces.
Management of Patients with Life-Threatening Ventricular Tachyarrhythmias: Focus on the Preeminent Role of the Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

Survivors of life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias (hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) represent an important therapeutic target because of their high risk of arrhythmia recurrence and suddendeath. The widespread availability of the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) has revolutionized the management of these patients.1 However, the expense and special expertise required for implantation and follow-up of this sophisticated device make the design of efficient clinical pathways for treatment of these patients crucial. In the next few years,the number of survivors of near-fatal ventricular tachyarrhythmias will increase significantly as a result of the broader utilization of automatic external defibrillators and public access defibrillation. Evaluation and management of these patients (including the identification of those needing an ICD) will constitute an important public health issue that willconsume significant health care resources.
Understanding influences on writing instruction: cases of two kindergarten teachers

ABSTRACTThe study focused on two kindergarten teachers who were observed and interviewed throughout one school year. The contrasting cases demonstrate how two teachers drew upon their experiences with teaching writing and professional development (PD) with differing outcomes for their instruction and underlying beliefs about writing. Dana, an experienced kindergarten teacher, leveraged her personal interests in writing and PD to adapt the curriculum to fit the needs of her students. In contrast, Natasha, a teacher who was teaching kindergarten for the first time, followed the curriculum and her colleague’s advice faithfully. It was not their teaching experience alone that influenced their practices, but rather their opportunities for PD and their ‘ways of knowing’ [Belenky, M. F., Clinchy, B. M., Goldberger, N. R., & Tarule, J. M. (1986). Women’s ways of knowing: The development of self, voice, and mind. New York, NY: Basic].
Spatiotemporal Variability in ΔR in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, USA

Strombus alatus and Busycon sinistrum are large marine gastropods that are frequently recovered from archaeological contexts in southeastern North America. We previously proposed a reservoir age offset (ΔR) for B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf of Mexico region based on known-age pre-bomb 20th-century specimens. We also reported significant variability in radiocarbon both among and within S. alatus specimens, which precluded a reliable estimation of ΔR for this taxon. In this paper, we present a complementary data set from archaeological contexts to re-evaluate marine reservoir effects in the northern Gulf Coast region at multiple spatial and temporal scales. The new data set consists of a total of 13 14C age determinations from well-associated marine (B. sinistrum and S. alatus) and terrestrial (Odocoileus virginianus) samples from a closed context at the Bayou St. John (1BA21) archaeological site. We suggest a slightly updated ∆R value of –2±53 14C yr for late Holocene-age B. sinistrum from the northern Gulf Coast region. S. alatus, and possibly other species of strombid conchs, are poor candidates for 14C dating due to the highly variable 14C content observed within and among specimens. Though subregional variability in inputs of 14C-depleted waters is likely, life-history factors related to ontogenetic niche and/or habitat shifts appear to be a major influence in shell 14C for S. alatus.
Tunable Bragg filters with a phase transition material defect layer

We propose an all-solid-state tunable Bragg filter with a phase transition material as the defect layer. Bragg filters based on a vanadium dioxide defect layer sandwiched between silicon dioxide/titanium dioxide Bragg gratings are experimentally demonstrated. Temperature dependent reflection spectroscopy shows the dynamic tunability and hysteresis properties of the Bragg filter. Temperature dependent Raman spectroscopy reveals the connection between the tunability and the phase transition of the vanadium dioxide defect layer. This work paves a new avenue in tunable Bragg filter designs and promises more applications by combining phase transition materials and optical cavities.
Further Results on Performance Analysis for Compressive Sensing Using Expander Graphs

Compressive sensing is an emerging technology which can recover a sparse signal vector of dimension n via a much smaller number of measurements than n. In this paper, we will give further results on the performance bounds of compressive sensing. We consider the newly proposed expander graph based compressive sensing schemes and show that, similar to the l1 minimization case, we can exactly recover any k-sparse signal using only O(k log(n)) measurements, where k is the number of nonzero elements. The number of computational iterations is of order O(k log(n)), while each iteration involves very simple computational steps.
Scavenger Receptor Type B1 Is Essential for High Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticle Induced B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Death

Abstract Introduction: We recently reported that biomimetic, synthetic high-density lipoprotein nanoparticles (HDL NP), similar to natural HDL in size, shape, charge, and composition potently induce apoptosis in human B cell lymphoma cell lines in vitro, and in vivo, without adversely affecting primary hepatocytes or macrophages (Yang et al. 2013. PNAS 110(7): 2511-6). We showed that HDL NPs bind to the high-affinity HDL receptor, scavenger receptor type B-1 (SR-B1), expressed by lymphoma cells, and may play a functional role in apoptosis of B cell lymphomas. Methods: We analyzed tissue microarrays (TMAs) from patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) for SR-B1 expression. In silico analyses of gene microarray datasets from the publicly available database Oncomine were conducted to investigate SR-B1 expression in lymphoma at the mRNA level. The B cell lymphoma cell lines Ramos (Burkitt's lymphoma), SUDHL4 (diffuse large B cell lymphoma) and HF-1 (transformed follicular lymphoma) were used to investigate the requirement for SR-B1 in HDL NP induced cell death. A blocking antibody, and stably expressed shRNA targeting SR-B1 expression were used to inhibit HDL NP interactions with SR-B1. Results: SR-B1 was overexpressed in a subpopulation of NHL represented in available TMAs. At the mRNA level, SR-B1 was up-regulated in 20% of lymphoma data sets (6 of 30). These data further confirm SR-B1 as a potential target of therapeutic intervention in B cell lymphomas. Antibody blockade of SR-B1 in the SR-B1+ cell lines Ramos, SUDHL4, and HF-1 prevented HDL NP induced cell death in a dose dependent manner (Figure 1A). Stable knockdown of SR-B1 by shRNA in Ramos cells also protected against HDL NP induced cell death compared with wild type and scrambled shRNA controls (Figure 1B). HDL NP induced cholesterol efflux in Ramos, SUDHL4, and HF-1 cells was reduced by the SR-B1 blocking antibody, or SR-B1 knockdown, further supporting that the HDL NP binds SR-B1. Conclusion: SR-B1 is expressed in primary B cell lymphomas, and interference of HDL NP interaction with SR-B1, through antibody blockade or knockdown of SR-B1, abrogated HDL NP induced cell death in multiple B cell lymphoma cell lines. Taken together, our data demonstrate the requirement of SR-B1 in HDL NP induced lymphoma cell death, and provide a rationale to pursue HDL NPs as potent therapy for B cell lymphomas in cases that express SR-B1. Download : Download high-res image (71KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Antibody blockade (A) and shRNA knockdown (B) of SR-B1 prevents HDL NP induce cell death. Disclosures Gordon: Dr Leo I. Gordon: Patents & Royalties: Patent for gold nanoparticles pending; Northwestern University: Employment. Thaxton: Aurasense: Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties: High Density Lipoprotein Nanoparticles for Lymphoma.
Mapping Refrigerant Gases in the New York City Skyline

Cities are now home to more than 50% of the world's population and emit large quantities of pollutants from sources such as fossil fuel combustion and the leakage of refrigerants. We demonstrate the utility of persistent synoptic longwave hyperspectral imaging to study the ongoing leakage of refrigerant gases in New York City, compounds that either deplete the stratosphere ozone or have significant global warming potential. In contrast to current monitoring programs that are based on country-level reporting or aggregate measures of emissions, we present the identification of gaseous plumes with high spatial and temporal granularity in real-time over the skyline of Manhattan. The reported data highlights the emission of chemicals scheduled for phase-out. Our goal is to contribute to better understanding of the composition, sources, concentration, prevalence and patterns of emissions for the purposes of both research and policy.
Connecting Theory to Practice

I suppose leadership at one time meant muscles; but today it means getting along with people. Indira Gandhi Leadership and learning are indispensable to each other. John F. Kennedy Leadership is often mistakenly perceived as the exercise of power. Neophyte leaders may share comedian Tina Fey’s (2011) misconceptions about the nature of the role: “Contrary to what I believed as a little girl, being the boss almost never involves marching around, waving your arms, and chanting, ’I am the boss! I am the boss!’” (p. 5).
Trimalleolar Ankle Fracture: Posterior Plate for Posterior Malleolus Fractures

Trimalleolar ankle fractures with a posterior malleolus component are typically the result of a low-energy mechanism of injury. There is continued debate on indications for fixing the posterior malleolus and optimal fixation construct for the posterior malleolar fragment. Some studies have suggested that fixation of this fragment restores articular congruity and joint reactive forces and optimizes reduction of the syndesmosis. This chapter reviews considerations in treating posterior malleolar fractures, operative technique and technical pearls, and postoperative care.
Total synthesis of complex terpenoids employing radical cascade processes

Covering: 2011-2017Radical cyclizations have a rich history in organic chemistry and have been particularly generous to the field of natural product synthesis. Owing to their ability to operate in highly congested molecular quarters, and with significant functional group compatibility, these transformations have enabled the synthesis of numerous polycyclic terpenoid natural products over the past several decades. Moreover, when programmed accordingly into a synthetic plan, radical cascade processes can be used to rapidly assemble molecular complexity, much in the same way nature rapidly constructs terpene frameworks through cationic cyclization pathways. This review highlights recent total syntheses of complex terpenoids (from 2011-2017) employing C-C bond-forming radical cascade sequences.
Evidence that ΔS‡ Controls Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics from Anatase TiO2 to Molecular Acceptors.

Recombination of electrons injected into TiO2 with molecular acceptors present at the interface represents an important loss mechanism in dye-sensitized water oxidation and electrical power generation. Herein, the kinetics for this interfacial electron transfer reaction to oxidized triphenylamine (TPA) acceptors was quantified over a 70° temperature range for para-methyl-TPA (Me-TPA) dissolved in acetonitrile solution, 4-[N,N-di(p-tolyl)amino]benzylphosphonic acid (a-TPA) anchored to the TiO2, and a TPA covalently bound to a ruthenium sensitizer, [Ru(tpy-C6H4-PO3H2)(tpy-TPA)]2+ “RuTPA”, where tpy is 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine. Activation energies extracted from an Arrhenius analysis were found to be 11 ± 1 kJ mol–1 for Me-TPA and 22 ± 1 kJ mol–1 for a-TPA, values that were insensitive to the identity of different sensitizers. Recombination to RuTPA+ proceeded with Ea = 27 ± 1 kJ mol–1 that decreased to 19 ± 1 kJ mol–1 when recombination occurred to an oxidized para-methoxy TPA (MeO-TPA) dissolved in CH3CN. E...
Increasing Threats and Emerging Crime

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the new forms of crimes associated with the changing social environment. These crimes result from an increase in communication, technology, travel, social mobility, economic changes, and growth in immigration (legal and illegal). Some of these crimes include identity theft, internet fraud, exploitation of women and children, con games, school and workplace violence, satanism, cults , and ritual crime. Of particular importance in many of these types of crime is a thorough knowledge of the law, particularly where new legislation has been enacted, and the recognition that many of these types of crimes focus on specific population groups such as the aged, ethnic minorities, and new immigrants. Problems include language translation, cultural traditions, fear of retaliation by offenders, and an apprehensive attitude toward cooperating with the police because of their experiences in countries from which they came. These types of crimes also involve new investigative approaches, a greater reliance on technology, and cooperative relationships with other law enforcement agencies and the private-security sector.
Digital Mock-Up and 3D Animation for Robot Arms

In order to draw a multi-joint robot arm, the first thing that we must do is to know how to create surfaces of the 3D basic parts in MATLAB TM . The 3D basic parts may include but are not limited to a cylinder and its variations, a sphere or an ellipsoid, a rectangular block, and a torus. Since in MATLAB TM , each 3D part drawing is always initiated at the base coordinate frame, we need to be not only aware of how to create it, but also familiar of its data structure in order to modify it and/or send it to a desired destination (both position and orientation). The detailed instructions, procedures and examples can be found either in the MATLAB TM online help manual, or refer to the literature [1]-[4]. Let us here start with a surface of cylinder drawing.
A longitudinal, within-person investigation of the association between the P3 ERP component and externalizing behavior problems in young children.

Background Externalizing problems, including aggression and conduct problems, are thought to involve impaired attentional capacities. Previous research suggests that the P3 event-related potential (ERP) component is an index of attentional processing, and diminished P3 amplitudes to infrequent stimuli have been shown to be associated with externalizing problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, the vast majority of this prior work has been cross-sectional and has not examined young children. The present study is the first investigation of whether within-individual changes in P3 amplitude predict changes in externalizing problems, providing a stronger test of developmental process. Method Participants included a community sample of children (N = 153) followed longitudinally at 30, 36, and 42 months of age. Children completed an oddball task while ERP data were recorded. Parents rated their children's aggression and ADHD symptoms. Results Children's within-individual changes in the P3 amplitude predicted concomitant within-child changes in their aggression such that smaller P3 amplitudes (relative to a child's own mean) were associated with more aggression symptoms. However, changes in P3 amplitudes were not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms. Conclusions Findings suggest that the P3 may play a role in development of aggression, but do not support the notion that the P3 plays a role in development of early ADHD symptoms.