cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fischer-Tropsch synthesis: Direct cobalt nitrate reduction of promoted Co/Al2O3 catalysts

Abstract Direct reduction of cobalt nitrate versus conventional calcination/reduction treatment was conducted using alumina with identical methodology as previously applied to SiO2 and TiO2. Similar BET surface areas, pore volumes and pore size distributions were obtained for the activated calcined and uncalcined catalysts indicating no significant difference in morphological properties. However, the reducibility slightly increases and Co crystallite size is smaller for activated uncalcined samples. Reduction phenomena were analyzed by TPR-MS and TPR-EXAFS/XANES. Combining these techniques allows an explanation of the complex phenomena occurring during the direct reduction of cobalt nitrate, as both nitrate decomposition and cobalt oxide reduction are involved. Cobalt nitrate species are converted to CoOx intermediates. These species are oxidized by NOX (from nitrate decomposition) to Co3O4 spinel, which is converted to CoO prior to Co0 formation. Noble metals (Pt, Re, Ru and Ag) improve cobalt oxide reducibility, especially for the final reduction step (i.e., CoO to Co0). The effect of direct nitrate reduction on FT activity was investigated using a 1 L CSTR. Activated unpromoted and Pt-promoted uncalcined catalysts achieved higher initial and steady-state CO conversions in comparison to the corresponding calcined catalysts. The best performance was achieved with direct reduction of uncalcined 0.5 %Pt-25 %Co/Al2O3.
Identifying functional loss of ATM gene in patients with advanced cancer.

3629Background: ATM is frequently mutated in cancer, and defects may serve as a putative predictive biomarker. However, the functional impact of most ATM variants is not well known. In this study, ...
A Phosphorus-31 NMR Study of Monovalent Cation Interactions with the Negatively Charged Surface of Phosphatidylserine Vesicles

The variation of P-31 nmr shifts and spinlattice relaxation times with cation atmosphere has been investigated for phosphatidylserine, present as a model membrane system of sonicated unilamellar vesicles. Two theoretical approaches, the ion condensation theory and a Gouy-Chapman theory modified to include specific binding sites, are used to describe the interaction of cations with the negatively charged PS surface. An important feature of the ion condensation model is the following: the total fraction of negative PS surface charge “neutralized” by cations in a thin “condensation” layer at the interface is independent of cation concentration in bulk solution. A similar result holds approximately for the binding site model, over an experimentally relevant range of concentrations. However the two models differ in their predicted dependence on cation bulk concentrations for the case where one cation species competes weakly against the other for the PS-solution interface. The observed dependence of P-31 nmr shifts on the fraction of Na+ in a NaCl/TEA·Cl bulk solution mixture appears to conform more closely to the behavior predicted by the binding site model than to that given by the ion condensation theory.
Data-driven nonintrusive reduced order modeling for dynamical systems with moving boundaries using Gaussian process regression

Abstract We present a data-driven nonintrusive model order reduction method for dynamical systems with moving boundaries. The proposed method draws on the proper orthogonal decomposition, Gaussian process regression, and moving least squares interpolation. It combines several attributes that are not simultaneously satisfied in the existing model order reduction methods for dynamical systems with moving boundaries. Specifically, the method requires only snapshot data of state variables at discrete time instances and the parameters that characterize the boundaries, but not further knowledge of the full-order model and the underlying governing equations. The dynamical systems can be generally nonlinear. The movements of boundaries are not limited to prescribed or periodic motions but can be free motions. In addition, we numerically investigate the ability of the reduced order model constructed by the proposed method to forecast the full-order solutions for future times beyond the range of snapshot data. The error analysis for the proposed reduced order modeling and the criteria to determine the furthest forecast time are also provided. Through numerical experiments, we assess the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method in several benchmark problems. The snapshot data used to construct and validate the reduced order model are from analytical/numerical solutions and experimental measurements.
A Narrative Review of Pharmacologic Treatments for COVID-19: Safety Considerations and Ototoxicity.

Objective/hypothesis The purpose of this review is to summarize evidence-based data regarding the ototoxic effects of potential COVID-19 therapeutics to treat patients suffering from SARS-CoV-2. Methods Medications under investigation as novel therapeutics to treat COVID-19 were identified using the search term coronavirus therapeutics, COVID therapeutics, and SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics on ClinicalTrials.gov and the PubMed Database. A literature review was performed using the PubMed Database for each proposed COVID-19 therapeutic to identify relevant articles. Search criteria included Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and key word search terms for ototoxicity, vestibulotoxicity, hearing disorders, and vertigo. Results Six proposed COVID-19 therapeutics were identified as possessing ototoxic side effects including chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, lopinavir-ritonavir, interferon, ribavirin, and ivermectin. Conclusions Available evidence suggests that ototoxic effects may be improved or mitigated by stopping the offending agent. Recognition of hearing loss, tinnitus, or imbalance/vertigo is therefore crucial to facilitate early intervention and prevent long-term damage. Hospitals should consider the inclusion of audiologic monitoring protocols for patients receiving COVID-19 therapeutics with known ototoxicity, especially in high-risk patient groups such as the elderly and hearing impaired. Laryngoscope, 131:1626-1632, 2021.
Ritual dispositions, enclosures, and the passing of time: A biographical perspective on the Winchester Farm earthwork in Central Kentucky, USA

Abstract Long-term interactions between people and places has been a focal point for archaeologists since the beginnings of the discipline. Monuments are one analytical unit of analysis that archaeologists regularly study and interpret as evidence for the ways people organize cooperative labor and inscribe on the landscape their connections to it. However, it is rare to acquire data that affords a rich and long-term description of the landscape before, during, and after a monument was built. In addition, archaeologists who study pre-textual societies are seldom afforded an opportunity to explore detailed questions relating to how monuments were engaged with after social dispositions toward them changed. In this article we present diverse datasets obtained from a small Middle Woodland (ca. 200 cal BC – cal AD 500) ditch and embankment enclosure in the Middle Ohio Valley, USA. Drawing on those data, we offer a detailed biographical description of the site that illustrates how pre-construction use of the area influenced construction of the enclosure, describes how the enclosure was used after construction, and indicates what happened when the enclosure became evaluated differently in society.
A comparison of covariate selection techniques applied to pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) drug concentration data in men and transgender women at risk for HIV.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) containing antiretrovirals tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) can reduce the risk of acquiring HIV. Concentrations of intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) measured in dried blood spots (DBS) have been used to quantify PrEP adherence; although even under directly observed dosing, unexplained between-subject variation remains. Here, we wish to identify patient-specific factors associated with TFV-DP levels. Data from the iPrEX Open Label Extension (OLE) study were used to compare multiple covariate selection methods for determining demographic and clinical covariates most important for drug concentration estimation. To allow for the possibility of non-linear relationships between drug concentration and explanatory variables, the component selection and smoothing operator (COSSO) was implemented. We compared COSSO to LASSO, a commonly used machine learning approach, and traditional forward and backward selection. Training (N = 387) and test (N = 166) datasets were utilized to compare prediction accuracy across methods. LASSO and COSSO had the best predictive ability for the test data. Both predicted increased drug concentration with increases in age and self-reported adherence, the latter with a steeper trajectory among Asians. TFV-DP reductions were associated with increasing eGFR, hemoglobin and transgender status. COSSO also predicted lower TFV-DP with increasing weight and South American countries. COSSO identified non-linear relationships between log(TFV-DP) and adherence, weight and eGFR, with differing trajectories for some races. COSSO identified non-linear log(TFV-DP) trajectories with a subset of covariates, which may better explain variation and enhance prediction. Future research is needed to examine differences identified in trajectories by race and country.
Scab immunity

Solanum commersonii, S. chacoense, S. caldasii var.glabrescens, S. jamesii, and an unnamed variety have been grown in soil heavily infested withActinomyces scabies, the organism of common scab, and for two successive years have given an immune reaction. All of the species mentioned have some very objectionable characters including late maturity, long stolons and in those of the groupcommersonia a bitter flavor. Interspecific hybrids have been obtained. The usefulness of the species in a program of breeding for the development of scab-resistant sorts of commercial value remains to be determined.
Case 73: What a Lesson

You have been in northern Somalia for 3 months. A new physician has arrived in your mission hospital. You met him for the first time in the operating suite at the start of the day. There are two operating rooms (ORs) 1 and 2. You are scheduled for both rooms starting at 8 a.m. This is normal practice in this hospital, as after finishing room 1, you move to number 2. One room has four gynecological procedures and the other has four orthopedic surgical patients. Interestingly the two rooms, which are side by side, are separated by a wall with a large see-through window. You can easily observe what is going on in the other OR.
Decoupling Capacitor Optimization to Achieve Target Impedance in PCB PDN Design

With increasingly stringent requirements for lower voltage supply, and higher density in PCB (Printed Circuit) PDN (Power Distribution Network) design, power integrity has an increasingly important role in PCB design. The PI performance of the PCB design must meet requirements, or modification and trial-and-error are necessary to ensure the target impedance is satisfied. Lots of design practices and commercial tools are utilized to aid PI designers, e.g., developing a suitable stack-up, saving cost while placing enough decoupling capacitors, best layout for IC pins and so on. It is essential in the PCB PDN design to place as fewer decoupling capacitors as possible to achieve target impedance and voltage ripple goals while saving cost. In this paper, the influence from the types of decoupling capacitor and stack-up is considered. The variety of decoupling capacitors contributes to the objective of reaching the target with minimum number of decoupling capacitors.
Simulation Approach to Assess Highway Performance

A procedure is presented that can be utilized to estimate the impacts of alternative financing policies and other highway related factors on future highway system performance. The approach is to first simulate the present highway performance characteristics, such as pavement condition, volume/capacity ratio, lane width and so on, and then apply a series of equations to forecast the impacts of total vehicle and commercial vehicle travel growth, future vehicle weight distributions, the availability of future highway improvement funds, and inflationary pressures. The proposed procedure provides projections of highway performance with minimal data requirements and is designed with considerable flexibility to facilitate present usage and future modification.
Cross-Scale Integrin Regulation Organizes ECM and Tissue Topology

The diverse morphologies of animal tissues are underlain by different configurations of adherent cells and extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we elucidate a cross-scale mechanism for tissue assembly and ECM remodeling involving Cadherin 2, the ECM protein Fibronectin, and its receptor Integrin α5. Fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy within the zebrafish paraxial mesoderm mesenchyme reveals a physical association between Integrin α5 on adjacent cell membranes. This Integrin-Integrin complex correlates with conformationally inactive Integrin. Cadherin 2 stabilizes both the Integrin association and inactive Integrin conformation. Thus, Integrin repression within the adherent mesenchymal interior of the tissue biases Fibronectin fibrillogenesis to the tissue surface lacking cell-cell adhesions. Along nascent somite boundaries, Cadherin 2 levels decrease, becoming anti-correlated with levels of Integrin α5. Simultaneously, Integrin α5 clusters and adopts the active conformation and then commences ECM assembly. This cross-scale regulation of Integrin activation organizes a stereotypic pattern of ECM necessary for vertebrate body elongation and segmentation.
Informatik als Berufsbild

Der Titel meines Vortrages lautet „Informatik als Berufsbild“oder auf englisch „Informatics as a Profession“.
Virtual Collaboration in the Online Educational Setting: A Concept Analysis

Purpose This study was designed to explore the concept of virtual collaboration within the context of an online learning environment in an academic setting. Method Rodgers' method of evolutionary concept analysis was used to provide a contextual view of the concept to identify attributes, antecedents, and consequences of virtual collaboration. Findings Commonly used terms to describe virtual collaboration are collaborative and cooperative learning, group work, group interaction, group learning, and teamwork. A constructivist pedagogy, group-based process with a shared purpose, support, and web-based technology is required for virtual collaboration to take place. Consequences of virtual collaboration are higher order thinking and learning to work with others. Conclusion A comprehensive definition of virtual collaboration is offered as an outcome of this analysis. Clarification of virtual collaboration prior to using it as a pedagogical tool in the online learning environment will enhance nursing education with the changes in nursing curriculum being implemented today. Further research is recommended to describe the developmental stages of the collaborative process among nursing students in online education and how virtual collaboration facilitates collaboration in practice.
ReproZip: using provenance to support computational reproducibility

We describe ReproZip, a tool that makes it easier for authors to publish reproducible results and for reviewers to validate these results. By tracking operating system calls, ReproZip systematically captures detailed provenance of existing experiments, including data dependencies, libraries used, and configuration parameters. This information is combined into a package that can be installed and run on a different environment. An important goal that we have for ReproZip is usability. Besides simplifying the creation of reproducible results, the system also helps reviewers. Because the package is self-contained, reviewers need not install any additional software to run the experiments. In addition, ReproZip generates a workflow specification for the experiment. This not only enables reviewers to execute this specification within a workflow system to explore the experiment and try different configurations, but also the provenance kept by the workflow system can facilitate communication between reviewers and authors.
Analytical theory and Monte Carlo simulations of gel formation of charged chains

We analyze the formation of gels by linear charged chains with associating end groups, termed charged telechelics, by analytical and computational methods. Linking chains together leads to polydisperse mixtures of branched macromolecules that form a sol fraction. At a certain fraction of associated end groups a macromolecule spanning the whole system or gel appears. In this work we study how the charge density of the telechelic backbone, controlled via the pH, and the salt concentration modifies the gelation transition. We use a mean field model of chain association which includes self-consistently the electrostatic interaction through a generalized linear response theory approach. Our analytic results compare well with our Monte Carlo simulations. We find that the number of chains connected to i chains after the gelation is rather monodisperse generating highly homogeneous networks of charged chains.
Histological effects of ozone on slash pine (Pinus elliotti var. Densa)

Abstract Ozone is present in much of the United States and has been shown to reduce growth and development of some coniferous tree species. Slash pine ( Pinus elliotti ) is a unique species which occurs naturally only in southern Florida and several of the Lower Keys. The purpose of this research was to determine if mesophyll cells of slash pine needles respond to ozone in a manner similar to that of other conifers, to determine exposure—response relationships of mesophyll cell injury and ozone exposure level, and if needles of native trees that exhibit chlorotic mottle have more mesophyll cell death than asymptomatic needles. Fumigations were performed at four ozone levels with 7-hr mean values of 0, 55, 67, and 71 ppb for 84 days. Results show that ozone injury symptoms occur to mesophyll cells of needles before visible needle injury (chlorotic mottle). The predominant injury to needles was cell necrosis. Ozone exposure—response relationships of exposure (ppm-hr) percentage of dead cells showed a highly statistically significant ( P ) linear relationship of y = 3.56+0.58 ( x ) with a correlation coefficient of 0.86. These results support the conclusion that mesophyll cells of needles of slash pine are very sensitive to ozone. Results presented also indicate that needles from native slash pine trees at Everglades National Park show chlorotic mottle, similar to that exhibited by many conifers, and that such visible injury was generally related to a higher percentage of cell necrosis compared with needles without symptoms.
A Multi-Physics Finite Element Model of an Electrical Connector Considering Rough Surface Contact

Any engineering component possesses roughness on its surface when it is observed microscopically, including electrical connectors. Electrical connectors usually consist of a spring and a pin. In this study, the spring part is in the shape of a compliant curved beam whereas the pin one is of a flat form and these two parts are in contact during operation. This work presents a multi-physics (structural, electrical and thermal) finite element model of the bulk region of an electrical connector. The rough surfaces of the spring and pin parts are considered using a multi-scale sinusoidal rough surface (MSRS) contact model. The resulting coupled multi-physics connector model is used to analyze the performance of the connector while the applied current is incremented from 5 to 20 A. As expected, this produced a proportional rise in voltage drop and temperature across the bulk regions of the connector parts. The coupled multi-physics model together with the MSRS model should provide greater accuracy in the prediction of contact forces, electrical contact resistance (ECR) and thermal contact resistance (TCR). The present work also provides valuable information on stresses and strains distributions, current flow and temperature variations in the bulk regions of the electrical connector.
Implementation of Tropospheric Emissions: Monitoring of Pollution (TEMPO)

I TEMPO, the first NASA Earth Venture Instrument, will launch in 2019 to measure atmospheric pollution for greater North America from space. Using ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy, TEMPO will measure hourly at about 10 km2 resolution.
Ascites levels of haptoglobin in patients with ovarian cancer.

Background. Haptoglobin is an acute-phase reactant protein involved in immune regulation. It has been isolated from malignant ovarian ascites and has been shown to be capable of mediating nonspecific immune suppression in vitro in humans and in vivo in experimental animals. The range of concentrations under which such a nonspecific suppression is observed lies well within concentrations of haptoglobin observed in vivo. This immune suppression could adversely affect patient outcome. Methods. Based on this information, ascites haptoglobin levels of 21 consecutive patients with ovarian cancer who underwent initial surgical debulking were determined. After the patients received chemotherapy, they were divided into those having a positive and those have a negative second-look operation. Results. Seventeen patients with positive pathology at second look had an initial mean ascites haptoglobin level of 99 ± 49 mg/dl. The mean haptoglobin level in the four patients with negative findings was 67 ± 42 mg/dl. The difference in these mean haptoglobin levels is not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Although the number of patients in this study is small, the wide range of values documented in both groups make it doubtful that an initial absolute ascites haptoglobin level will prove clinically prognostic of eventual disease status at the time of second look laparotomy.
Medical Nutrition Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with Diabetes

Medical nutrition therapy (MNT) plays an important role in management of hyperglycemia in hospitalized patients with diabetes mellitus. The goals of inpatient MNT are to optimize glycemic control, to provide adequate calories to meet metabolic demands, and to create a discharge plan for follow-up care. All patients with and without diabetes should undergo nutrition assessment on admission with subsequent implementation of physiologically sound caloric support. The use of a consistent carbohydrate diabetes meal-planning system has been shown to be effective in facilitating glycemic control in hospitalized patients with diabetes. This system is based on the total amount of carbohydrate offered rather than on specific calorie content at each meal, which facilitates matching the prandial insulin dose to the amount of carbohydrate consumed. In this article, we discuss general guidelines for the implementation of appropriate MNT in hospitalized patients with diabetes.
Mechanisms of Oxygen Reduction Reaction on Nitrogen-Doped Graphene for Fuel Cells

Graphene and its derivatives are attractive for electrocatalytical application in fuel cells because of their unique structures and electronic properties. The electrocatalytical mechanism of nitrogen doped graphene in acidic environment was studied by using density functional theory (DFT). The simulations demonstrate that the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on N-doped graphene is a direct four-electron pathway, which is consistent with the experimental observations. The energy calculated for each ORR step shows that the ORR can spontaneously occur on the N-graphene. The active catalytical sites on single nitrogen doped graphene are identified, which have either high positive spin density or high positive atomic charge density. The nitrogen doping introduces asymmetry spin density and atomic charge density, making it possible for N-graphene to show high electroncatalytic activities for the ORR.
Surface Energy Fluxes on the Great Lakes Based on Satellite-Observed Surface Temperatures 1992 to 1995

Abstract Accurate estimates of surface energy exchange components are critical for understanding many physical processes of large lakes and their atmospheric environment. In this paper, the seasonal cycle of latent, sensible, and total heat flux from the surface of the Great Lakes is estimated. Lake surface temperatures derived from the NOAA/AVHRR satellite, along with meteorological data from surface station observations are incorporated in order to estimate spatial distributions of fluxes. Several well-known features are evident. Among these are the very high outgoing fluxes of latent and sensible heat during the late fall and early winter, which drive strong cooling of the lake surface and consequent convective mixing within the lake column. Another is greater seasonal variation of surface temperature and fluxes in shallower waters than in deeper waters. Due to strong static stability of the overlying atmospheric boundary layer during the spring, both the magnitude and the spatial variations of latent and sensible heat fluxes are small during the spring and, to a lesser degree, during the summer. The annual cycles of latent and sensible heat flux over the Great Lakes are roughly opposite in phase to the same fluxes over land, indicating a large exchange of energy via atmospheric advection between the lake and land surfaces. A major weakness of the method used here is that heat fluxes are calculated on the basis of an ice-free surface, making the derived fluxes for January through March roughly estimated.
Development of a Prototype High-energy, Nutrient-dense Food Product for Emergency Relief

: A prototype soy-based bar that could be used as an emergency food product for refugees and displaced persons was developed using specifications set forth by the Inst. of Medicine (IOM) as guidelines for the initial product. Corn syrup (CS), granulated sugar (GS), high fructose corn syrup (HFCS), and/or crystalline fructose (CF) were combined to sweeten 3 baked bar prototypes (HFCS/CF, CS/GS, and CS/HFCS). The CS/GS prototype had the lowest water activity, firmest texture, and scored highest for overall degree of liking. Proximate composition, calorie content, water activity, and sensory acceptability were determined to be close to the IOM guidelines. Vitamin analyses revealed vitamin A and folic acid retention and thiamin and ascorbic acid losses during baking.
The Geography of Organic Decomposition Rates

Abstract Decomposition of organic matter is a critical link in the cycling of nutrients through vegetated ecosystems. The primary controls of decay rates are climatic energy and moisture and the chemical-physical nature of the organic matter. A model was developed which uses these controls to predict the geography of decomposition rates for Canada and the United States. Annual actual evapotranspiration (AE) expresses the climatic controls, and the lignin concentration of the organic matter expresses chemical-physical controls. A preliminary model for predicting decay rates was validated using recent field studies. The model showed no consistent pattern of regional under- or overprediction and was therefore used to produce maps of litter that is easy (5 percent initial lignin concentration), intermediate (15 percent), and difficult (30 percent) to decompose. A fourth map presents the geographic variability of lignin's control over decay rates. Decomposition rates in arid areas could not be predicted because of the confounding influence of arthropod activity, especially termites. At a continental scale of analysis climate overwhelms all other controls of decomposition rates, with AE accounting for about three-fourths of the explained variance in decomposition rates. As geographic scale is reduced, the chemical-physical nature of the organic matter and other controls becomes more evident.
Load transfer during transformation superplasticity of Ti-6Al-4V/TiB whisker-reinforced composites

Abstract Superplastic deformation is investigated during thermal cycling through the α/β transformation of Ti–6Al–4V containing 5 vol% TiB whiskers. The measured constitutive behavior is compared with existing data for 0 and 10 vol% composites, and the observed trends are discussed in terms of load transfer from matrix to whiskers.
Islam within the Afghan Resistance

(1988). Islam within the Afghan Resistance. Third World Quarterly: Vol. 10, No. 2, pp. 787-805.
Residues of Aldicarb in Fresh and Dried Alfalfa12

One of the major problems encountered in attempting to use aphidiids to control pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), on alfalfa gorwn for seed and forage in the area around Walla Walla, Wash. (Halfhill and Featherston 1967) was the effect on the populations of these parasites of the pesticides used periodically for control of Lygus spp. Therefore, we investigated the use of a granular systemic inseticide in attempts to overcome this problem. One facet of this study was the determination of the residues that might be encountered in fresh (green chopped) or dried (mowed and baled) alfalfa after application of various rates of the pesticide.
Clinical and translational research in Pneumocystis and Pneumocystis pneumonia

Pneumocystis pneumonia (PcP) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised persons, especially those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pneumocystis colonization is described increasingly in a wide range of immunocompromised and immunocompetent populations and associations between Pneumocystis colonization and significant pulmonary diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have emerged. This mini-review summarizes recent advances in our clinical understanding of Pneumocystis and PcP, describes ongoing areas of clinical and translational research, and offers recommendations for future clinical research from researchers participating in the "First centenary of the Pneumocystis discovery".
Sum rules for magnetic moments and polarizabilities in QED and chiral effective-field theory

We elaborate on a recently proposed extension of the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule which is achieved by taking derivatives with respect to the anomalous magnetic moment. The new sum rule features a linear relation between the anomalous magnetic moment and the dispersion integral over a cross section quantity. We find some analogy of the linearized form of the GDH sum rule with the ``sideways dispersion relations.'' As an example, we apply the linear sum rule to reproduce the famous Schwinger's correction to the magnetic moment in QED from a tree-level cross section calculation and outline the procedure for computing the two-loop correction from a one-loop cross section calculation. The polarizabilities of the electron in QED are considered as well by using the other forward-Compton-scattering sum rules. We also employ the sum rules to study the magnetic moment and polarizabilities of the nucleon in a relativistic chiral effective field theory (EFT) framework. In particular we investigate the chiral extrapolation of these quantities.
Ovarian Function after Surgical Treatment for Cervical Cancer

Abstract Objective. Our previous analysis found a high rate of early menopause in cervical cancer patients with ovarian transposition (OT) compared to a group that underwent radical hysterectomy (RH) alone. The current study evaluates ovarian function in the same group for a prolonged follow-up period and analyzes predictive factors for early menopause. Methods. One hundred two cervical cancer patients were treated with RH and/or lymphadenectomy and ovarian preservation from 1982 to 1989. A retrospective chart review was conducted, followed by a survey to determine the time of menopause. Results. Eighty-three patients underwent RH and 19 patients underwent a staging laparotomy. Eighty procedures included OT. Twenty-six patients received postoperative radiation therapy. The mean follow-up for premenopausal patients was 87.0 months. The average age of menopause for the 13 nonradiated patients without unilateral oophorectomy (UO) or OT was 50.6 years. After OT without radiation therapy, 98.0% of patients retained ovarian function for a mean of 126 months with menopause at a mean of 45.8 years. When OT and radiation therapy were added, 41% retained ovarian function for a mean of 43 months and a mean age at menopause of 36.6 years. A multivariate analysis of nonradiated patients correlated age at diagnosis and a combination of OT procedure and UO with earlier ovarian failure. Conclusions. RH with bilateral ovarian preservation and without OT does not significantly reduce the age of menopause. The addition of UO or OT to this treatment reduces ovarian function appreciably. The addition of radiation therapy after OT dramatically shortens ovarian function.
Thermal structure of magnetized neutron-star envelopes

Etude de l'influence d'un fort champ magnetique (10 10 a 10 14 G) sur la structure thermique des enveloppes d'etoiles a neutrons, a partir des calculs les plus recents de conductivite thermique electronique et radiative
The Proper Name for the Geoduck: Resurrection of Panopea Generosa Gould, 1850, from the Synonymy of Panopea abrupta (Conrad, 1849) (Bivalvia: Myoida: Hiatellidae)

In 1849, Conrad described, illustrated, and assigned the name Mya abrupta to a new species of fossil bivalve collected from Miocene deposits along the banks of the Columbia River near Astoria, Oregon, during the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842 (Conrad, 1849: 723, pl. 17, fig. 5a, b, USNM 3608; Figs. 1–3). Conrad described it as: “Subelliptical, slightly ventricose, widely gaping posteriorly. Surface marked with concentric undulations. Beaks separated, nearly medial, slightly prominent. Anterior margin acute, orbiculate; posterior margin abrupt, arcuate, somewhat reflexed; basal (inferior) margin arcuate; dorsal margin short, straight, nearly parallel with the base.” In 1850, Gould described the valves of a new extant species collected from the Nisqually region of Puget Sound, Washington, during the same expedition and assigned it the name Panopea generosa (Gould, 1850: 215, USNM 5894; Figs. 4–7). Gould (1852: 385–386; 1860, pl. 34, fig. 507, 507a) later figured and expanded the description: “Shell large and ponderous, chalky white, of a somewhat quadrilateral form, the basal and hinge margins being nearly parallel; the posterior extremity broadly truncated a very little obliquely, and the anterior extremity broadly rounded; anteriorly it gapes slightly, but posteriorly it gapes broadly, and the valves are here somewhat everted. The surface is coarsely undulated concentrically, and covered by an obliquely, and somewhat plumosely wrinkled, dirty yellow epidermis. The beaks are sharp and prominent, placed near the middle of the superior margin; the anterior umbonal slope is tumid, the posterior a little compressed. The hinge is rather slender, having a single elevated, erect, obliquely triangular tooth in each MALACOLOGIA, 2010, 52(1): 169−173
Symposium Part III: Tumor-like glandular lesions of the uterine cervix

A number of nonneoplastic glandular lesions of the uterine cervix may be misinterpreted as malignant. Familiarity with their histopathologic features is essential in their recognition and appropriate management. This discussion reviews the clinical and pathologic features of a variety of pseudoneoplastic glandular lesions of the uterine cervix, with an emphasis on those that have been recently described and those that one may encounter more commonly in practice. The entities that will be discussed include tunnel clusters, microglandular hyperplasia, mesonephric hyperplasia, endocervical glandular hyperplasia, and the Arias-Stella reaction.
Operant conditioning in skinnerbots

Instrumental (or operant) conditioning, a form of animal learning, is similar to reinforcement learning (Watkins, 1989) in that it allows an agent to adapt its actions to gain maximally from the environment while being rewarded only for correct performance. However, animals learn much more complicated behaviors through instrumental conditioning than robots presently acquire through reinforcement learning. We describe a new computational model of the conditioning process that attempts to capture some of the aspects that are missing from simple reinforcement learning: conditioned reinforcers, shifting reinforcement contingencies, explicit action sequencing, and state space refinement. We apply our model to a task commonly used to study working memory in rats and monkeys—the delayed match-to-sample task. Animals learn this task in stages. In simulation, our model also acquires the task in stages, in a similar manner. We have used the model to train an RWI B21 robot.
Steady-state and dynamic response properties of the Mandelbaum effect

The Mandelbaum effect refers to an inadvertent accommodation response to an intervening surface (e.g. a window screen) while attempting to focus a distant object of interest. Previous research has attributed the Mandelbaum effect to a tendency for the accommodation mechanism to preferentially focus the stimulus nearest the dark (resting) focus position. The present study extends this work by examining dynamic accommodation response properties for different distances and stimulus separations. Accommodation measurements of nine young, emmetropic subjects were obtained with an infrared optometer while they viewed superimposed horizontal and vertical square-wave gratings at various dioptric separations. Three subjects demonstrated a strong focussing preference for the target located nearest their dark focus position for all stimulus conditions, while two other subjects showed a similar, but weaker, preference. Conversely, two subjects primarily focussed the nearer of the two targets, and two subjects tended to focus the vertical target (regardless of whether it was near or far, or was closet to the dark focus). For all subjects, accommodation rarely fluctuated from one target to the other, and was seldom focussed midway between the two targets. Our findings indicate that the influence of the dark focus on the Mandelbaum effect varies among individuals, and plays little or no role in some individuals. Thus, accommodation responses to competing stimuli are more complex than previous findings would suggest.
Set point adjustment strategy for mitigating transients in a microgrid

This paper proposes an improved prediction algorithm for SPAACE, a strategy for mitigating transients at a distributed energy resource (DER) caused by disturbances in a microgrid. Controllers used by DER units are typically tuned for grid-connected operation of a microgrid. However, islanded operation changes the dynamics of the system making it more susceptible to large transients that may violate the operational limits of the system. The previously proposed strategies are called set point automatic adjustment with correction enabled (SPAACE) and SPAACE with prediction enabled. SPAACE works by tracking the output of a system (e.g., current, voltage, or power) and adjusting its controlled set point during violations in order to shape the trajectory to a desired form. SPAACE with prediction works similarly but adjusts the set point based on predicted values of the system output. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the ability of the improved strategy to mitigate transients in current and voltage control modes.
Athletics, minor trauma, and pediatric arterial ischemic stroke

Pediatric arterial ischemic stroke may occur as the result of trivial head or neck trauma sustained during a sports activity. We describe three cases of sports-related stroke in previously healthy school-age children and discuss acute and long-term stroke care. Possible mechanisms of sports-related stroke are addressed, as is evaluation for cause of stroke in children. In one of the reported cases, the child was found to have a vertebral artery dissection as the cause of his stroke, but no definitive cause of stroke was identified in the other two cases despite extensive evaluation. The advisability and timing of returning to athletic activities after stroke is also discussed. Many children with sports-related stroke are initially seen by a sports trainer, a pediatrician, or an ER physician. Thus, it is particularly important that these professionals are aware of the possibility of ischemic stroke occurring after even mild athletic injury. Childhood stroke may result from injuries sustained during athletic activities and should be considered when a child has acute focal neurologic signs.
Crystal structure of a bulky cyclic sulfite

The structure of the cyclic sulfite derived from the reaction of thionyl chloride withendo-8-hydroxy-exo-8-(endo-8′-hydroxypentacyclo[5.4.0.0.2,6.03,10.05,9]undec-exo-8′-yl)pentacyclo-[5.4.0.0.2,6.03,10.05,9]undecane is reported. All bond lengths and angles are consistent with the strained cage geometry. A static disorder of the terminal oxygen was found to be present.
Anatomic compression caused by high-volume convection-enhanced delivery to the brain.

Objective—Our group has pioneered the use of gadolinium liposomes (GDL) in convectionenhanced delivery (CED) using real-time MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) to visualize the distribution of therapeutics in in non-human primate (NHP) and canine brain. We have shown that this procedure is highly predictable and safe. In the course of recent studies, however, we noted that infusion of large volumes caused local anatomical alterations, such as ventricular compression, to occur. This study reports our analysis of CED infusions into normal brains and those compromised by tumors and how monitoring the CED infusion with MRI may be helpful in preventing some complications. Methods—A total of fifty-four CED infusions using gadolinium liposomes (GDL) were performed in seven canines and ten NHPs, and monitored using real-time MRI. The canines, harboring brain tumors, received infusions of GDL as well as a chemotherapeutic agent via CED. The NHPs were normal and received GDL infusions alone. Real-time analysis of the CED infusion was carried looking for proper catheter position, and infusion reflux, leakage, and mass effect. Retrospective analysis allowed assessment of CED volume of distribution versus volume of infusion. Results—Approximately ten percent of these infusions caused anatomical compression of the ventricles, especially in the canines with tumors. Reflux along the cannula and leakage of infusate into the ventricular CSF or subarachnoid space was seen. Animal behavior, however, did not appear to be affected acutely or during the time course of the study, and no ventricular compression was noted two weeks after the CED infusion on further brain imaging studies. Conclusion—These findings illustrate the value of being able to monitor infusions with real time MRI in order to identify phenomena such as reflux along the cannula, leakage of infusate, and ventricular compression. Especially in tumor patients, the latter could be associated with morbidity.
Towards the Inclusion of Students with Disabilities: Accessibility in Language Courses

While there is extensive research regarding the readiness of faculty members to provide accommodations for students with disabilities in higher education, less has been reported concerning the preparation of teaching assistants in faculty-like positions. The investigation reported here focused on college-level language instruction, and it expands current understanding by incorporating the perceptions of teaching assistants. A survey of higher education institutions in the United States was conducted in order to gather impressions from language program directors, teaching assistants, and Disability Services Office staff about their perceptions of the collective effort to guarantee access to students with disabilities. Results indicate a mixed-pattern; and, while accommodating language students with learning disabilities is occurring, there is still significant need for ongoing awareness-raising and training.
Safety and Efficacy of Esreboxetine in Patients With Fibromyalgia: A Fourteen-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Clinical Trial

Objective To evaluate the efficacy, tolerability, and safety of multiple fixed dosages of esreboxetine for the treatment of fibromyalgia. Methods Patients meeting the American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia were randomized to receive esreboxetine at dosages of 4 mg/day (n = 277), 8 mg/day (n = 284), or 10 mg/day (n = 283) or matching placebo (n = 278) for 14 weeks. The primary efficacy outcomes were the weekly mean pain score and the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) total score at week 14. Secondary efficacy measures included scores for the Patient's Global Impression of Change (PGIC) scale, the Global Fatigue Index (GFI), and the 36-item Short-Form health survey (SF-36; physical function scale only) at week 14. The safety profile of esreboxetine was evaluated based on adverse events and other safety measures. Results Patients receiving all dosages of esreboxetine demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the pain score (P ≤ 0.025), the FIQ score (P ≤ 0.023), and the PGIC score (P ≤ 0.007) compared with patients in the placebo group. Additionally, patients receiving esreboxetine at dosages of 4 mg/day and 8 mg/day showed statistically significant improvements in the GFI score compared with those receiving placebo (P = 0.001). No significant differences in SF-36 physical function scores were observed between patients receiving esreboxetine (any dosage) and those receiving placebo. Adverse events were mostly mild to moderate in severity; insomnia, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, dizziness, hot flush, headache, hyperhidrosis, and palpitations were reported most frequently. Conclusion Esreboxetine was generally well tolerated and was associated with significant improvements in pain, FIQ, PGIC, and fatigue scores compared with placebo. The lack of a dose-response relationship in both the efficacy and safety analyses suggests that esreboxetine at a dosage of 4 mg/day would offer clinical benefit with the least risk of drug exposure.
3-D biofabrication using stereolithography for biology and medicine

In this paper, we review our recent work on the potential of stereolithography (SL) for different biomedical applications including tissue engineering, neovessel formation, investigating cell-cell and cell matrix interactions, and development of cellular systems. Also, we show that SL technology can be combined with dielectrophoresis (DEP) to create scaffolds with micro-scale organization, a hallmark of in vivo tissues.
Erratum to A phenotypically restricted set of primary afferent nerve fibers innervate the bone versus skin: Therapeutic opportunity for treating skeletal pain [Bone, 46, (2010), 306-313]

Erratum to “A phenotypically restricted set of primary afferent nerve fibers innervate the bone versus skin: Therapeutic opportunity for treating skeletal pain” [Bone 46 (2010) 306–313] Juan Miguel Jimenez-Andrade , William G. Mantyh , Aaron P. Bloom , Haili Xu , Alice S. Ferng , Gregory Dussor , Todd W. Vanderah , Patrick W. Mantyh a,c,d,⁎ a Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA b Physiological Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA c Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA d Research Service, VA Medical Center, Minneapolis, MN 55417, USA