cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite element modeling of impact, damage evolution and penetration of thick-section composites

Abstract Impact, damage evolution and penetration of thick-section composites are investigated using explicit finite element (FE) analysis. A full 3D FE model of impact on thick-section composites is developed. The analysis includes initiation and progressive damage of the composite during impact and penetration over a wide range of impact velocities, i.e., from 50 m/s to 1000 m/s. Low velocity impact damage is modeled using a set of computational parameters determined through parametric simulation of quasi-static punch shear experiments. At intermediate and high impact velocities, complete penetration of the composite plate is predicted with higher residual velocities than experiments. This observation revealed that the penetration-erosion phenomenology is a function of post-damage material softening parameters, strain rate dependent parameters and erosion strain parameters. With the correct choice of these parameters, the finite element model accurately correlates with ballistic impact experiments. The validated FE model is then used to generate the time history of projectile velocity, displacement and penetration resistance force. Based on the experimental and computational results, the impact and penetration process is divided into two phases, i.e., short time Phase I – shock compression, and long time Phase II – penetration. Detailed damage and penetration mechanisms during these phases are presented.
Expression of ORF1 of the linear 2.3 kb plasmid of maize mitochondria: product localization and similarities to the 130 kDa protein encoded by the S2 episome.

ORF1 of the ubiquitous 2.3 kb linear plasmid of maize mitochondria encodes a 39 kDa protein detected with polyclonal antibodies raised to a β-galactosidase: ORF1 fusion protein. Almost half of this protein is similar to a domain of the 130 kDa protein encoded by the S2 episome of mitochondria from cytoplasmic malesterile lines. Antisera raised to the ORF1 2.3 kb plasmid product cross-reacts with the ORF1, 130 kDa protein from the S2 episome. Despite the shared domain, the proteins are differentially localized: the 130 kDa protein is membrane-associated while the ORF1 protein is found in the matrix. We discuss possible functions of the ORF1 protein.
5 Micron Photometry of Late-Type Dwarfs

We present narrowband M photometry of nine low-mass dwarfs with spectral types ranging from M2.5 to L0.5. Combining the (L'-M') colors derived from our observations with data from the literature, we find colors consistent with a Rayleigh-Jeans flux distribution for spectral types earlier than M5, but enhanced F3.8/F4.7 flux ratios (negative [L'-M'] colors) at later spectral types. This probably reflects increased absorption at M' due to the CO fundamental band. We compare our results against recent model predictions and briefly discuss the implications.
The hyperbolic lines of finite symplectic spaces

1. INTRODUCTION The classical theorem of Veblen and Young [14] characterizes the Desarguesian projective spaces of dimension at least three as those connec- ted partial linear spaces in which each pair of intersecting lines lies in a proper subspace which is a projective plane. In this article we present a similar result.
The mobilities of micro- and nano-particles at interfaces of nematic liquid crystals

We report the use of single-particle tracking to measure the diffusion coefficients of chemically functionalized micro- and nano-particles at interfaces between aqueous phases and a nematic liquid crystal (LC). For hydrophobic particles with diameters of 2.3 ± 0.2 μm that homeotropically anchor the LC, we measured anisotropic diffusion, qualitatively consistent with the influence of nematic ordering of the LC at the interface on the local rheological environment. Analysis of the magnitudes of the diffusion coefficients reveals that the ordering of the LC about the microparticles is perturbed in the interfacial environment relative to the bulk, leading to low drag on the microparticles at the aqueous–nematic interface. In contrast, for hydrophobic nanoparticles (diameters of 141 ± 11 nm) at the LC–aqueous interface, almost indistinguishable diffusion coefficients were measured at the interface and in bulk LC when the displacements of the nanoparticles in the two environments were in the same directions relative to the far-field director of the LC. These results and others reported in this paper reveal fundamental differences that exist between the interfacial mobilities of micro- and nanoparticles at LC–aqueous interfaces, and that a relative insensitivity to interfacial environment appears to be a property of the smaller particles studied in our experiments. These findings are discussed in light of past studies of the diffusion of particles at either isotropic liquid interfaces or in bulk LCs.
A Hermeneutical Accent on the Conduct of Political Inquiry

In different ways language occupies a central concern in the development of contemporary philosophy. Hermeneutics flourishes in l i terary criticism and psychoanalysis today, but there is a curious lag in political theory. Despite the natural affinity of the history of political thought and jurisprudential studies to hermeneutics in which the not ion o f interpreta t ion plays a prominent role, they have yet to make a hermeneutical turn. The day will soon come, we hope, when historians of political thought may suddenly realize that, like Jourdain of Moli~re 's play (Le Bourgeois Genn'lhomme), they have been speaking the prose of hermeneutics all their lives or must come to terms with questions posed by it. The aim of this paper is to draw at tent ion to phenomenology as a permanent revolution in thinking and to place the not ion o f tinguisticality at the center o f the conduct of political inquiry. In order to do this, it a t tempts to apply the philosophical insights of hermeneutical phenomenology to the conduct of political inquiry. We shall focus our discussion on Gadamer 's seminal work on hermeneutical phenomenology Truth and Method (Wahrheit und Method, 1960) 1 and its relevance to the conduct o f polit ical inquiry. His hermeneutical view for that mat ter , the phenomenological approach in general that the
Study of bubble growth in water pool boiling through synchronized, infrared thermometry and high-speed video

Abstract High-speed video and infrared thermometry were used to obtain time- and space-resolved information on bubble nucleation and heat transfer in pool boiling of water. The bubble departure diameter and frequency, growth and wait times, and nucleation site density were directly measured for a thin, electrically-heated, indium–tin-oxide surface, laid on a sapphire substrate. These data are very valuable for validation of two-phase flow and heat transfer models, including computational fluid dynamics with interface tracking methods. Here, detailed experimental bubble-growth data from individual nucleation sites were used to evaluate simple, commonly-used, but poorly-validated, bubble-growth and nucleate-boiling heat-transfer models. The agreement between the data and the models was found to be reasonably good. Also, the heat flux partitioning model, to which our data on nucleation site density, bubble departure diameter and frequency were directly fed, suggests that transient conduction following bubble departure is the dominant contribution to nucleate-boiling heat transfer.
Ocean Surface Wave Energy Harnessing Development at Stevens Institute of Technology (SIT)

This paper presents a system designed to harness ocean surface wave energy to generate electricity. Due to the catastrophic failures in the wave energy industry, such as the Wavegen Osprey in 1995, survivability and resilience are the highest priorities in design criteria for our research. If catastrophic failures continue in the wave energy industry, research and development funding will become more difficult to obtain. By using our patented, integrated cable reel harnessing and anchoring system, our system can be anchored in waters deep enough to eliminate the risk of system failure due to storms or large waves. Ocean surface waves make up the largest portion of the total ocean energy spectrum. Utilizing this vast resource effectively involves placing devices and systems in the high energy wave regions of the planet. Existing systems with hydraulic pistons, oscillating water columns, or linear magnets have limited stroke which prevent them from harnessing the highest energy waves that will be available. Our cable reel system will allow us to harness the largest waves available on the planet. The anchoring system will also allow for autonomous control of the Wave Energy Harnessing Device (WEHD) location in the water column. The WEHD includes a water-tight housing that holds all the electricity generating equipment that will be positioned in the water column depending on the real-time wave climate. The WEHD is tethered to a buoy, or other floating object, on the surface. The lift force on the buoy from the passing waves is transferred to the cable on the reel and then to the WEHD by a shaft fixed to the center of the reel. The design approach, highlights, and projected full-scale implementation are presented in this paper.
Pentamethylcyclopentadienylrhodium bis-carboxylates: monohapto carboxylate coordination, dihapto carboxylate coordination, and water coordination to Cp∗Rh

Abstract Reaction between [Cp∗RhCl2]2 and silver carboxylates in anhydrous, non-coordinating solvents produces Cp∗Rh(η2-O2CR)(η1-O2CR) complexes with the unusual feature of having both the η2 and η1 carboxylate ligands bound to the same metal. The benzoate complex Cp∗Rh(η2O2CPh)(η1-O2CPh) was characterized crystallographically and its structure is discussed. Cp∗Rh(η2-O2CPh)(η1-O2CPh) was found to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2 1 c with a = 11.658(3), b = 14.574(4), c = 26.248(6) A , β = 101.87(2)° and V = 4364(2) A 3 for Z = 8. These bis-carboxylate compounds are very hygroscopic, reacting with water quite readily to form the aquo complexes, Cp∗Rh(OH2)(η1-O2CR)2. The acetate aquo complex Cp∗Rh(OH2) (η1-O2CMe)2 was characterized crystallographically and was found to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/c with a = 8.910(2), b = 12.854(4), c = 14.710(3) A , β = 106.82(2)° and V = 1612.6(7) A 3 for Z = 4. The water molecule in Cp∗Rh(OH2)(η1-O2CMe)2 was found to internally hydrogen bond to the coordinated acetate groups. The coordination of water in Cp∗Rh(OH2)(η1-O2CMe)2 is unusual in that the RhO bond is perpendicular to the plane of the water molecule. The geometry of water coordination in these Cp∗Rh complexes is compared with geometries found for water coordinated to other non-classical, organometallic compounds
Networking of Large Numbers of Satellites

There are currently a large number of technologies and system concepts being offered for use as SDI systems. All of them employ significant numbers of satellites in orbit around the earth. This introduces the task of networking a large number of satellites for the passage of command and control traffic. The purpose of this paper is not to discuss any specific SDI system, but to demonstrate that a large network of satellites is not an impediment, but rather an opportunity to promote rapid distribution of information.
Institutions, trade, and growth ☆

Abstract Countries with better institutions and countries that trade more grow faster. Countries with better institutions also tend to trade more. These three stylized facts have been documented extensively. Here we investigate the partial effects of institutions and trade on growth. We argue that cross-country regressions of the log-level of per capita GDP on instrumented measures of trade and institutional quality are uninformative about the relative importance of trade and institutions in the long run, because of the very high correlation between the latter two variables. In contrast, regressions of changes in decadal growth rates on instrumented changes in trade and changes in institutional quality provide evidence of a significant effect of trade on growth, with a smaller role for improvements in institutions. These results are suggestive of an important joint role for both trade and institutions in the very long run, but a relatively larger role for trade over shorter horizons.
Development of a chipscale integrated microelectrode/microelectronic device for brain implantable neuroengineering applications

An ultralow power analog CMOS chip and a silicon based microelectrode array have been fully integrated to a microminiaturized "neuroport" for brain implantable neuroengineering applications. The CMOS integrated circuit (IC) includes preamplifier and multiplexing circuitry, and a hybrid flip-chip bonding technique was developed to fabricate a functional, encapsulated microminiaturized neuroprobe device. Our neuroport has been evaluated using various methods, including pseudospike detection and local excitation measurement, and showed suitable characteristics for recording neural activities. As a proof-of-concept demonstration, we have measured local field potentials from thalamocortical brain slices of rats, suggesting that the new neuroport can form a prime platform for the development of a microminiaturized neural interface to the brain in a single implantable unit. An alternative power delivery scheme using photovoltaic power converter, and an encapsulation strategy for chronic implantation are also discussed.
Modelling of passive ammonia selective catalytic reduction system for lean-burn spark ignition direct injection engines

Lean-burn spark ignition direct injection (SIDI) engines offer potential fuel economy savings; however, the lack of simple and cost-effective lean nitrogen oxide (NOx) aftertreatment systems hinder their broad application. Lean NOx traps (LNT) and urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalysts have been widely investigated as possible lean gasoline aftertreatment technologies, but with limited acceptance.Passive ammonia SCR operation is a promising low-cost alternative for lean NOx aftertreatment with SIDI engines. The aftertreatment system includes close-coupled three-way catalyst (TWC) converters and one or more under-floor SCR catalysts. Ammonia (NH3) is formed on the TWC with short pulses of rich engine operations and the generated NH3 is then stored on the under-floor SCR catalysts. During subsequent lean operations, the NOx that breaks through the TWC converters is reduced to nitrogen by NH3 stored on the SCR catalysts.This paper provides an overview of system level analysis as a complement to e...
Sensory and consumer testing with children

Abstract Many foods and beverages are developed specifically for children, and must be tested with children. Sensory or consumer tests for children must take into account the range of sensory and cognitive abilities of children from infancy to teen age. This review examines what type of sensory or consumer test may be conducted with children, at what age and for what purpose. The many factors that must be considered when designing a sensory or consumer test for children are reviewed
Pathological Studies of Cross‐Related Congenital Hypotrichosis in Cattle

Summary Examination of 13 cattle with cross-related congenital hypotrichosis showed that the disease is characterized by a short, curly, dilute-color, malformed, sometimes sparse, hair coat that occasionally causes physical impairment of the affected animal. Because the disease is associated with crossbreeding programs utilizing certain breeds of cattle, it is hypothesized that the etiology may be due to color dilution mutants present in European breeds of cattle. Continued investigation may lead to a more complete understanding of this disease. Zusammenfassung Pathologische Untersuchungen zur kreuzungsbedingten kongenitalen Hypotrychose beim Rind Nach Untersuchungen an 13 Rindern mit kreuzungsbedingter kongenitaler Hypotrychose ist fur die betreffende Krankheit ein kurzes, lockiges, helles, misgebildetes und manchmal dunnes Haarkleid charakteristisch, das gelegentlich eine korperliche Beeintrachtigung der betroffenen Tiere zur Folge hat. Da sich die Krankheit im Rahmen von Kreuzungsprogrammen mit bestimmten Rinderrassen manifestiert, wird eine auf Farbverdunnungsmutanten in europaischen Rinderrassen basierende atiologie vermutet. Weitere Untersuchungen sind fur ein besseres Verstandnis der Krankheit erforderlich.
The Role of Business Liquidity During the Great Depression and Afterwards: Differences Between Large and Small Firms

This paper describes two contrary developments in corporate finance during the Great Depression. In 1930s downswings the top one percent of firms acquired unusually high rations of liquid assets to receipts, thus withdrawing funds from the spending stream. Smaller firms, however, were forced into highly illiquid positions (by postwar standards) by episodes of monetary restriction in 1931 and 1937. It is argued that both developments made the Depression more severe. A structural change is found after 1945 in the financial behavior of large firms. This is attributed to a new cyclical pattern of price change and lower business uncertainty during postwar recessions.
Video frame rate up conversion using region based motion compensation

Video frame rate conversion is often recognized as video temporal interpolation. In this paper, a region-based approach to automated video frame rate conversion is presented. The region extraction is performed by spatially dividing the reference video frames. Since this step involves image segmentation, the resulting regions are under or over segmented. Consistent frame to frame region extraction is key to region based motion compensation. We propose a novel inter- and intra-frame region merging technique to compensate for inconsistent frame segmentation problem. The video frame rate is then up converted using the motion compensation and region interpolation between every pair of matching regions. The deformation parameters of the match region pair are estimated based on a non-linear estimation model. Heuristic techniques are used to eliminate overlapped and uncovered areas in the generated frames. Experimental results are presented to evaluate its strength over the popular block matching algorithm (BMA).
Trace gas adsorption thermodynamics at the air-water interface: Implications in atmospheric chemistry*

The thermodynamics of adsorption of gaseous organic compounds such as poly- cyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on water films is reviewed and discussed. The various experimental methods available to determine the thermodynamic equilibrium constant and the structure-activity relationships to correlate and estimate the same are reviewed. The atmos pheric implications of the adsorption and oxidation of PAHs at the air-water interface of thin films of water such as existing in fog droplets, ice films, and aerosols are also enu- merated.
Genomic tools development for Aquilegia : construction of a BAC-based physical map

Background: The genus Aquilegia, consisting of approximately 70 taxa, is a member of the basal eudicot lineage, Ranuculales, which is evolutionarily intermediate between monocots and core eudicots, and represents a relatively unstudied clade in the angiosperm phylogenetic tree that bridges the gap between these two major plant groups. Aquilegia species are closely related and their distribution covers highly diverse habitats. These provide rich resources to better understand the genetic basis of adaptation to different pollinators and habitats that in turn leads to rapid speciation. To gain insights into the genome structure and facilitate gene identification, comparative genomics and whole-genome shotgun sequencing assembly, BAC-based genomics resources are of crucial importance. Results: BAC-based genomic resources, including two BAC libraries, a physical map with anchored markers and BAC end sequences, were established from A. formosa. The physical map was composed of a total of 50,155 BAC clones in 832 contigs and 3939 singletons, covering 21X genome equivalents. These contigs spanned a physical length of 689.8 Mb (~2.3X of the genome) suggesting the complex heterozygosity of the genome. A set of 197 markers was developed from ESTs induced by drought-stress, or involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis or floral development, and was integrated into the physical map. Among these were 87 genetically mapped markers that anchored 54 contigs, spanning 76.4 Mb (25.5%) across the genome. Analysis of a selection of 12,086 BAC end sequences (BESs) from the minimal tiling path (MTP) allowed a preview of the Aquilegia genome organization, including identification of transposable elements, simple sequence repeats and gene content. Common repetitive elements previously reported in both monocots and core eudicots were identified in Aquilegia suggesting the value of this genome in connecting the two major plant clades. Comparison with sequenced plant genomes indicated a higher similarity to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) than to rice and Arabidopsis in the transcriptomes. Conclusions: The A. formosa BAC-based genomic resources provide valuable tools to study Aquilegia genome. Further integration of other existing genomics resources, such as ESTs, into the physical map should enable better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive radiation and elaboration of floral morphology.
Other Than Counting Words: A Linguistic Approach to Content Analysis

A linguistic technique for the content analysis of texts and transcripts is described and illustrated. The technique produces a quantitative description of texts that represents both the interrelations among words and their classification into meaning categories. The face validity of the description is demonstrated with a computer-aided "translation" of coded data back into text. The advantages of linguistic content analysis over qualitative and computer-aided approaches to content analysis are discussed. Also discussed are problems of linguistic ambiguity and of the computer automation of the technique. While Director of the Experimental Division for the Study of War-Time Communications, Harold Lasswell explained that in the content analysis
Partial cloning of a continuous variable quantum state

We present a universal optical amplifier performing near the quantum limit using a four-wave mixing nonlinear interaction. We show that one mode from a bipartite entangled state can be amplified and cloned while maintaining entanglement.
Integration and Productivity: Satellite-Tracked Evidence

This paper introduces satellite-tracked real-time data from a large fishing firm managing its vertically, horizontally, and geographically linked ships to study the causal impact of integration on total factor productivity TFP after the firm acquired its vertically unintegrated contractual fish suppliers. TFP increased 16% among newly integrated ships, whereas it did not vary for already owned ships. Some classic mechanisms such as increased effort due to monitoring do not systematically explain TFP gains under integration, whereas evidence on hold-up threat alleviation is mixed. Importantly, enhanced knowledge transfer and hierarchical authority enacting productivity-improving operational practices among newly integrated ships are more likely explanations of the results. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.
The interior penalty discontinuous Galerkin method for elastic wave propagation: grid dispersion

SUMMARY Recently, there has been an increased interest in applying the discontinuous Galerkin method (DGM) to wave propagation. In this work, we investigate the applicability of the interior penalty DGM to elastic wave propagation by analysing it’s grid dispersion properties, with particular attention to the effect that different basis functions have on the numerical dispersion. We consider different types of basis functions that naturally yield a diagonal mass matrix. This is relevant to seismology because a diagonal mass matrix is tantamount to an explicit and efficient time marching scheme. We find that the Legendre basis functions that are traditionally used in the DGM introduce numerical dispersion and anisotropy. Furthermore, we find that using Lagrange basis functions along with the Gauss nodes has attractive advantages for numerical wave propagation.
Stellar mixing. II. Double diffusion processes

In this paper, salt − fingers (also called thermohaline convection) and semi-convection are treated under the name of double − diffusion (DD). We present and discuss the solutions of the RSM (Reynolds stress models) equations that provide the momentum, heat, μ fluxes, and their corresponding diffusivities denoted by K m,h,μ . Such fluxes are given by a set of linear, algebraic equations that depend on the following variables: mean velocity gradient (differential rotation), temperature gradients (for both stable and unstable regimes), and μ -gradients (DD). Some key results are as follows. Salt − fingers . When shear is strong and DD is inefficient, heat and μ diffusivities are identical. Second , when shear is weak K μ > K h and the difference can be sizeable O(10) meaning that heat and μ diffusivities must therefore be treated as different. Third , for strong-to-moderate shears and for R μ less than 0.8, both heat and μ diffusivities are practically independent of R μ . Fourth , the latter result favors parameterizations of the type suggested by some authors. Our results, however, show that C is not a constant but a linear function of the Reynolds number Re = e (ν N 2 )-1 defined in terms of the kinematic viscosity ν , the Brunt-Vaisala frequency N , and the rate of energy input into the system, e . Fifth , we suggest that e is an essential ingredient that has been missing in all diffusivity models, but which ought to be present because without a source of energy, turbulence dies out and so does the turbulent mixing (for example, the turbulent kinetic energy is proportional to the power 2/3 of e ). Moreover, since different stellar environments have different e , its presence is necessary for differentiating mixing regimes in different stars. Semi − convection . In this case the destabilizing effect is the T -gradient, and when shear is weak, K h > K μ . Since the model is symmetric under the change R μ to , most of the results obtained in the previous case can be translated to this case.
Anidulafungin and Micafungin MIC Breakpoints Are Superior to That of Caspofungin for Identifying FKS Mutant Candida glabrata Strains and Echinocandin Resistance

By CLSI interpretive criteria, anidulafungin and micafungin MICs determined by various methods were sensitive (60 to 70%) and highly specific (94 to 100%) for identifying FKS mutations among 120 Candida glabrata isolates. Anidulafungin and micafungin breakpoints were more specific than CLSI's caspofungin breakpoint in identifying FKS mutant strains and patients with invasive candidiasis who were likely to fail echinocandin treatment (P ≤ 0.0001 for both). Echinocandin MICs were most useful clinically when interpreted in the context of prior echinocandin exposure.
HIPO data products

HIPO is a special purpose instrument for SOFIA, the Stratospheric Observatory For Infrared Astronomy. It is a high-speed, imaging photometer that will be used for a variety of time-resolved precise photometry observations, including stellar occultations by solar system objects and transits by extrasolar planets. HIPO will also be used during the test program for the SOFIA telescope, a process that began with a series of ground-based tests in 2004. The HIPO requirements, optical design, overall description, and an early look at performance and planned data acquisition modes have appeared in earlier papers (e.g. Dunham, et al., Proc. SPIE 5492, 592-603 (2004)). This paper provides an update to the instrument description, final lab measurements of instrument performance, and a discussion of the data produced by the various observing modes.
Is visual imagery really visual? Overlooked evidence from neuropsychology.

Does visual imagery engage some of the same representations used in visual perception? The evidence collected by cognitive psychologists in support of this claim has been challenged by three types of alternative explanation: Tacit knowledge, according to which subjects use nonvisual representations to simulate the use of visual representations during imagery tasks, guided by their tacit knowledge of their visual systems; experimenter expectancy, according to which the data implicating shared representations for imagery and perception is an artifact of experimenter expectancies; and nonvisual spatial representation, according to which imagery representations are partially similar to visual representations in the way they code spatial relations but are not visual representations. This article reviews previously overlooked neuropsychological evidence on the relation between imagery and perception, and discusses its relative immunity to the foregoing alternative explanations. This evidence includes electrophysiological and cerebral blood flow studies localizing brain activity during imagery to cortical visual areas, and parallels between the selective effects of brain damage on visual perception and imagery. Because these findings cannot be accounted for in the same way as traditional cognitive data using the alternative explanations listed earlier, they can play a decisive role in answering the title question.
A study of second- and third-order spectral procedures and maximum likelihood in the identification of a bilinear system

An investigation is presented of two spectral moment-based identification procedures which are compared to each other and to the method of maximum likelihood, for the case of a bilinear system having observed input and corresponding output. Inputs to the system that are considered are pulse, pulse pair, and stochastic. A principle concern of the analysis is the examination of coupled frequencies. Relative advantages and disadvantages of the three identification procedures are mentioned. Advantages of the maximum-likelihood approach include the availability of expressions for standard errors and efficiency in an asymptotic sense. >
Age and Decline in Role-Specific Feelings of Control

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to see if feelings of control over highly valued social roles decline across late life. I also made an effort to see if two types of social support explained age-related decline in control. Methods. Harris Interactive of New York conducted interviews with a nationwide longitudinal sample of older adults. Survey questions assessed feelings of control over the most highly valued role, anticipated support (i.e., the belief that support will be forthcoming if needed), and enacted support. Results. The data suggested that feelings of control over the most highly valued role tend to decline across late life. The results also revealed that anticipated support is associated with a stronger sense of control over time, but I observed this relationship only through age 75. Beyond that point, anticipated support was less helpful. In contrast, enacted support did not appear to help older people maintain a strong sense of role-specific control at any age. Discussion. Current research has largely been concerned with age-related change in feelings of control over life as a whole. The findings from this study suggest that it may also be helpful to consider control over the most highly valued role while studying this process.
Thin film thermoelectric cooler thermal validation and product thermal performance estimation

The shrinking transistor feature sizes have resulted broadly in two different packaging thermal challenges; cooling the total thermal design power of the microprocessor, and thermal suppression of the hot spots which have progressively higher heat fluxes through silicon generations. Solid-state thin film thermoelectric coolers offer a possible solution strategy to the hot spot problems by mitigating the thermal non-uniformity of the silicon. However, considerable challenges are present in incorporating the thermoelectric coolers into a test device and thermal characterization of the prototypes. The present work captures the experimental and thermal modeling methodology that was used to characterize the thermal-electrical behavior of the prototypes. This characterization was followed up with a validation of the prototype over a range of uniform and hot spot heating. A temperature variation of less than 1/spl deg/C in T/sub j/ between the experimental and modeling results were seen. In addition, less than 3% variation in electrical current supplied to the TFTEC module was seen between the experimental and modeling results. Based on the validated thermal model, a product use-condition modeling methodology was established in which the non-uniform heating of the product in use-condition was considered. This methodology was demonstrated using a product example and the hot spot temperature suppression was estimated to be 6/spl deg/C, compared to the case when no thermoelectric cooler was used. Several interesting phenomena such as creation of new hot spots around the TFTEC module region were also observed.
Pediatric traumatic hyphema: a review of 138 consecutive cases

Purpose To report the demographics and outcomes in children ( Methods The medical records of consecutive patients seen at Children's Hospital Colorado diagnosed with traumatic hyphema between September 1, 2003, and December 31, 2011, were retrospectively reviewed. The following data were recorded: patient age, parent/guardian-reported ethnicity, sex, injury location, visual acuity, and intraocular pressure (IOP) at presentation and follow-up. Results A total of 138 cases of unilateral hyphema were included, with 88% occurring in boys (mean age, 10.1 years; range, 1-19). Over 90% of injuries occurred in the home setting, with the most common mechanisms of injury being general play, projectiles from guns, and sports injuries occurring during games or practice. Only 3 patients had visual acuity Conclusions The majority of children with traumatic hyphema in this patient cohort were injured in the home setting. Very few patients underwent surgery for ocular hypertension, but higher IOP at presentation was associated with the need for surgical intervention. Outpatient care with activity restriction and topical medications usually led to resolution of hyphema without serious complications or visual loss.
Lipoprotein-X in a Patient with Lymphoplasmacytic Sclerosing Cholangitis: An Unusual Cause of Secondary Hypercholesterolemia

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the presence of lipoprotein-X in a patient with obstructive liver disease and review the available literature on secondary hypercholesteremia occurring in the presence of lipoprotein-X. Methods: Reported is the case of a 40-year-old man who presented with severe hypercholesterolemia due to obstructive cholestasis secondary to lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholangitis. A literature search was conducted through PubMed for references from 1976 to 2013 regarding the appearance of lipoprotein-X in plasma secondary to cholestasis. Twenty-eight articles were found that addressed the physiology, pathogenesis, complications, or treatments of lipoprotein-X in the context of cholestasis. Results: Severe hypercholesterolemia was found in a patient with lymphoplasmacytic sclerosing cholangitis. His elevated plasma cholesterol level was due to the presence of lipoprotein-X, which is a particle with a density similar to low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that does not contain apolipoprotein B. ...
Survival of irradiated recipient mice after transplantation of bone marrow from young, old and “early aging” mice

Bone marrow transplantation is used to examine survival, hematopoietic stem cell function and pathology in recipients of young and old wild type bone marrow derived stem cells (BMDSCs) as well as cells from p53-based models of premature aging. There is no difference in the long term survival of recipients of 8 week-old p53+/m donor cells compared to recipients of 8 week-old wild-type (WT) donor cells (70 weeks) or of recipients of 16-18 weeks-old donor cells from either p53+/m or WT mice. There is shorter survival in recipients of older versus younger WT donor bone marrow, but the difference is only significant when comparing 8 and 18 week-old donors. In the p44-based model, short term survival/engraftment is significantly reduced in recipients of 11 month-old p44 donor cells compared to 4 week-old p44 or wild type donor cells of either age; mid-life survival at 40 weeks is also significantly less in recipients of p44 cells. BMDSCs are readily detectable within recipient bone marrow, lymph node, intestinal villi and liver sinusoids, but not in epithelial derived cells. These results indicate that recipients of young BMDSCs may survive longer than recipients of old bone marrow, but the difference is marginal at best.
Abstract 3236: Molecular characterization of lung tumors based on metabolomic profiling.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in US. For the majority of patients (70%), the extent of the disease precludes complete surgical resection and treatment relies solely on radiation, chemotherapy or a combination of both. Unfortunately, these treatments improve survival only minimally and are accompanied by considerable adverse side effects. Despite immense research efforts over the last 20 years, the mean survival of lung cancer patients has only increased by 13 days. This relatively poor mean survival is attributed to inadequate therapy selection. Current therapy selection is mainly based on the histopathologic examination of needle biopsies obtained during bronchoscopy. There is growing concern that these classifications and stratification are insufficient to predict treatment response of individual tumors. To complement current histopathological-based tumor classification, we investigated the suitability of metabolomics to improve tumor classification. Therefore, metabolomic profiles were obtained from various lung cancer cell-lines. Data were analyzed for molecular features characteristic for cell-lines derived from adenocarcinoma (AdenoCa) or squamous cell carcinoma (SqCCa). Data analyses revealed 78 features that are capable of clearly separating AdenoCa, SqCCa, and lung fibroblasts from each other. Subsequently, the studies were extended to specimen from 30 lung cancer patients. Similar to the cell-line experiments, metabolomic profiles were obtained and analyzed for characteristic features of patients with AdenoCa, SqCCa, or non-malignant specimen. The analysis of the human specimen revealed 21 unique features that are potentially suitable biomarkers for tumor classification. Our data suggest that metabolomic profiling is a promising approach to classify and distinguish between individual tumor cell-lines and to distinguish patients with AdenoCa from patients with SqCCa. Citation Format: Daniel R. Sappington, Scott Helms, Ishwori B. Dhakal, Eric R. Siegel, Thaddeus Bartter, Gunnar Boysen. Molecular characterization of lung tumors based on metabolomic profiling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3236. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3236
The Laboratory Design Planning Process

The process of planning new construction or renovation requires thoughtful analysis of future needs. The narrative description of functions, relationships, and needs serves to focus the user's thinking and to communicate these to the architect. I describe the planning process and discuss specific issues that should be addressed when developing a plan for construction. Although oriented for the laboratory, the process is applicable to any construction project, including home construction.
Touring the consumption of the Other: Imaginaries of authenticity in the Himalayas and beyond:

Based on a mobile ethnography of tourism and pilgrimage in the Himalayan region, this article interprets performances and imaginaries of Western travellers as a meta-commentary on late modern life....
Voluntary Withdrawal of College Juniors and Seniors with Non-apparent Disabilities: Family, Peers, and Institutional Factors

Framed within Bronfenbrenner’s ecological perspective, this article reports on a study that explored mezzo factors that Juniors and Seniors with nonapparent disabilities associated with their college withdrawal. The five former students in this exploratory qualitative research reported family’s expectations and the institution’s requirements and expectations as the major factors they associate with their college withdrawal. Conclusions and suggestions are made about the role families and universities can play in fostering a learning environment in which college students with nonapparent disabilities can be successful.
Screening for coronary heart disease with electrocardiography.

A 60-year-old man presents to your office for routine follow-up and medication refills for hyperlipidemia and hypertension. His blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, and his fasting lipid panel reveals a total cholesterol level of 220 mg per dL and a high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level of 35 mg per dL. He does not smoke. His brother recently died from a myocardial infarction, and he inquires if he should undergo screening for coronary heart disease (CHD).
Turning Contention into Collaboration: Engaging Power, Trust, and Learning in Collaborative Networks

ABSTRACTGiven the complexity and multiplicity of goals in natural resource governance, it is not surprising that policy debates are often characterized by contention and competition. Yet at times adversaries join together to collaborate to find creative solutions not easily achieved in polarizing forums. We employed qualitative interviews and a quantitative network analysis to investigate a collaborative network that formed to develop a resolution to a challenging natural resource management problem, the conservation of vernal pools. We found that power had become distributed among members, trust had formed across core interests, and social learning had resulted in shared understanding and joint solutions. Furthermore, institutions such as who and when new members joined, norms of inclusion and openness, and the use of small working groups helped create the observed patterns of power, trust, and learning.
The Ada® Generic Library: Linear List Processing Packages

The Ada Generic Library provides an extensive well-documented library of generic packages whose use can substantially increase software productivity and reliability. The construction of the library follows a new approach whose principles include the following: - Extensive use of generic algorithms, such as generic "sort" and "merge." - Building up functionality in layers. - Obtaining high efficiency in spite of the layering through the use of Ada's "inline" compiler directive. This volume contains eight Ada packages, with over 170 subprograms for various linear data structures based on linked lists. Professional Ada programmers will find The Ada Generic Library an invaluable tool in building application programs or in further construction of generic libraries. For these users the source code can be obtained on diskettes. The volume will also be useful to those interested in programming methodology, software reusability, and software engineering.
Analysis of vehicle's frontal crash based on structures' section forces

In this paper, a new method of structures' section forces is used to analysis the vehicle's front crash. A complete finite element model of a passenger car is presented. According to the basic principle of the dynamic non-linear finite element method, the basic crash describe equation and FE discretized equation are established. The frontal crash of the integrated car system is successfully simulated in LS-DYNA and the results that including the structures' section forces and energy absorption time courses, the effect of the main energy-absorbing parts, the transmitting route of the energy and the forces change are attained. Simulation results show, the structures' section forces can accurately forecast not only crashworthiness of vehicles but also the way transmission of forces in crash process. This method provides an important tool to improve vehicle's structures' performances
IDICAP: A Novel Tool for Integrating Drug Intervention Based on Cancer Panel

Cancer is a heterogeneous disease afflicting millions of people of all ages and their families worldwide. Tremendous resources have been and continue to be devoted to the development of cancer treatments that target the unique mutation profiles of patients, namely targeted cancer therapy. However, the sheer volume of drugs coupled with cancer heterogeneity becomes a challenge for physicians to prescribe effective therapies targeting patients' unique genetic mutations. Developing a web service that allows clinicians as well as patients to identify effective drug therapies, both approved and experimental, would be helpful for both parties. We have developed an innovative web service, IDICAP, which stands for Integrated Drug Intervention for CAncer Panel. It uses genes that have been linked to a cancer type to search for drug and clinical trial information from ClinicalTrials.gov and DrugBank. IDICAP selects and integrates information pertaining to clinical trials, disease conditions, drugs under trial, locations of trials, drugs that are known to target the queried gene, and any known single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) effects. We tested IDICAP by gene panels that contribute to breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and cancer in general. Clinical trials and drugs listed by our tool showed improved precision compared to the results from ClinicalTrials.gov and Drug Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb). Furthermore, IDICAP provides patients and doctors with a list of clinical facilities in their proximity, a characteristic that lends credence to the Precision Medicine Initiative launched by the White House in the United States in 2015.
Asphalt Mixture CTE Measurement and the Determination of Factors Affecting CTE

AbstractThe coefficient of thermal contraction or expansion (CTE) of asphalt mixtures is a property that describes how asphalt mixtures respond to thermal loading during cooling or heating. The CTE...
Abstract 357: Aldosterone Inactivates the Endothelin-B Receptor via a Thiol Redox Switch to Modulate Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Hyperaldosteronism (ALDO) induces a vasculopathy in systemic blood vessels by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) that decrease nitric oxide (NO) levels. In pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs), the endothelin-B receptor (ET B ) activates endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) to generate NO. The effect of ALDO-induced ROS on ET B -NO signaling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is unknown. We hypothesized that in PAH, ALDO increases ROS levels in PAECs, which oxidatively modify the regulatory ET B cysteinyl thiol Cys405 to impair ET B activation of eNOS and decrease NO levels. To test this hypothesis, human PAECs were treated with vehicle (V) or ALDO (10 -7 mol/l) for 24 h and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) levels were assessed by Amplex Red assay. Compared to V-treated cells, ALDO increased significantly H 2 O 2 levels (65.4 ± 1.6 vs. 100.6 ± 3.5 μM/μg protein, p B signaling, ALDO decreased eNOS activity by 59% (p 2 - ) formation by 60% (p B as detected by PEG-maleimide-labeled immunoblotting. To confirm that oxidative modification of Cys405 influenced ET B -dependent NO generation, COS7 cells were transfected with wild type (WT)-eNOS and WT-ET B or mutant ET B DNA containing an alanine substitution at position 405 (C405A-ET B ), and cells were exposed to V or H 2 O 2 (200 μM) for 60 min. We observed that H 2 O 2 decreased ET B -mediated NO 2 - formation by 78% (p B -transfected cells; in C405A-ET B -transfected cells, H 2 O 2 decreased NO 2 - levels by only 45%. Next, we assessed the effect of ALDO on NO signaling in PAH in vivo. In monocrotaline (MCT)-treated rats with PAH, plasma ALDO was increased by 406% compared to V-treated rats (p 2 - levels in lung homogenates of MCT-treated rats by 50% (p B , Cys405, may represent novel therapeutic target(s) to restore ET B -NO signaling in patients with PAH.