cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PARALLEL EFFECTS OF LAND-USE HISTORY ON SPECIES DIVERSITY AND GENETIC DIVERSITY OF FOREST HERBS

The two most fundamental levels of biodiversity, species diversity and ge- netic diversity, are seldom studied simultaneously despite a strikingly similar set of pro- cesses that underlie patterns at the two levels. Agricultural land use drastically reduces populations of forest herbs in the north-temperate zone, so that bottlenecks or founder events in forests on abandoned agricultural land (i.e., secondary forests) may have a long- term impact on both species diversity and genetic diversity. Using forest-herb community surveys and molecular-genetic analysis of populations of Trillium grandiflorum, a repre- sentative species of forest herb, I investigated the influence of land-use history, landscape context, and environmental conditions on diversity and divergence at the population and community levels. Secondary forests (70-100 years old) had reduced diversity of both genes and species relative to primary forests (i.e., stands never cleared for agriculture). The community in secondary forests had an overrepresentation of the most common species in the landscape, though divergence in species' relative abundances within stands suggested an influence of community drift via local bottlenecks. Secondary-forest populations of T. grandiflorum were more genetically divergent than those in primary forests, again indicating drift in small populations. Land-use history and the size of populations and communities drove correlations between species diversity and genetic diversity (and community diver- gence 3 genetic divergence), though the strength of correlations was relatively weak. These results extend the generality of positive species-genetic diversity correlations previously observed for islands, and they demonstrate a long-term legacy of land-use history at multiple levels of biodiversity.
Comparison of digital sensory studies in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome

Electrodiagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) often depends on the demonstration of focal slowing of median sensory fibers across the wrist. We compared the relative sensitivity of the four median innervated digits in demonstrating focal slowing in patients with CTS. Antidromic sensory studies of digits 1, 2, 3, and 4 were performed on 30 control subjects to develop normative data. Fifty-nine consecutive patients with CTS were then studied to determine the sensitivity of focal slowing of each median innervated digit. In the 26 CTS patients with a normal distal motor latency (DML) to abductor pollicis brevis, digit 1 was abnormal in 81%, digit 2 in 42%, digit 3 in 54%, and digit 4 in 38%. In the 33 CTS patients with a prolonged DML, digit 1 was abnormal in 94%, digit 2 in 88%, digit 3 in 91%, and digit 4 in 88%. We conclude that in milder cases of CTS with a normal DML, digit 1 is the most sensitive in identifying focal slowing of sensory conduction across the wrist. However, in patients with a prolonged DML, the sensitivity of sensory conduction is not significantly different among the four digits. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A PCR-derived, non-isotopic labeled prolactin cRNA probe suitable for in situ hybridization.

We have developed a novel vector-free method for the synthesis of non-isotopic (digoxigenin) labeled prolactin (PRL)-gene specific cRNA probe based on the direct in vitro transcription of DNA template amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The T7 and T3 RNA polymerase promoters were incorporated into the amplified DNA by including the promoter sequences in the 5′ end of the oligonucleotides used to prime the PCR. These promoters allowed the subsequent transcription of digoxigenin labeled antisense and sense cRNA probes from the amplified DNA. We successfully utilized these probes to detect specific PRL mRNA in human pituitary and decidua tissues by in situ hybridization (ISH) which can provide identification and localization of PRL-gene expression at a single cell level. This approach avoided time consuming steps which required subcloning of target DNA into the vectors that contains bacteriophage RNA polymerase promoter as well as the need for radioactive materials. This non-isotopic ISH procedure ...
Promotion of atomic hydrogen recombination as an alternative to electron trapping for the role of metals in the photocatalytic production of H2

The production of hydrogen from water with semiconductor photocatalysts can be promoted by adding small amounts of metals to their surfaces. The resulting enhancement in photocatalytic activity is commonly attributed to a fast transfer of the excited electrons generated by photon absorption from the semiconductor to the metal, a step that prevents deexcitation back to the ground electronic state. Here we provide experimental evidence that suggests an alternative pathway that does not involve electron transfer to the metal but requires it to act as a catalyst for the recombination of the hydrogen atoms made via the reduction of protons on the surface of the semiconductor instead.
Baseline Glutamate Levels Affect Group I and II mGluRs in Layer V Pyramidal Neurons of Rat Sensorimotor Cortex

Possible functional roles for glutamate that is detectable at low concentrations in the extracellular space of intact brain and brain slices have not been explored. To determine whether this endoge...
Local economic opportunity and the competing risks of internal and U.S. migration in Zacatecas Mexico.

This article uses a competing risks model to examine the effects of origin economic conditions on the probability of temporary U.S. and internal labor migration in the Mexican state of Zacatecas. We measure origin economic conditions with municipal-level indices of employment and small-scale investment opportunities that we constructed from population and economic census data. The results of our analysis demonstrate the important influence of local employment and investment opportunities on migration outcomes. Controlling for the prior municipal rate of U.S. return migration and other factors, positive opportunities for small-scale investment are associated with a higher risk of temporary migration to the United States. This result is consistent with investment oriented migration predicted by the new economics of labor migration theory. We also find comparable social network effects for both internal and U.S. migration. Having social ties to active migrants of one type (U.S. or internal), encourages migration of the same type and discourages migration of the other type.
Shape evolution of 3-dimensional faceted crystals

A novel method for modeling the shape evolution of 3-dimensional (3-D) faceted crystals has been developed in which the normal distances to each face from an origin inside the crystal are represented by a system of ordinary differential equations. The model is initialized from an arbitrary initial seed shape and size but known crystallographic data (such as unit cell and symmetry). At each time step, the entire family of possible discrete shape evolution events (such as vertices bifurcating into edges or faces, etc.) are exhaustively enumerated and investigated using a new set of simple testable conditions. The evolving crystal shape is then determined from the evolving set of normal distances and the corresponding crystallographic planes. The model has been successfully applied to two organic crystal systems: adipic acid grown from water and α-glycine grown from water. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Should we Treat the Human Germ-Line as a Global Human Resource?

The flashpoint for most current international discussions of policies to govern genetic engineering is the question of whether or not to allow scientists to pursue “germ-line gene therapy”: genetic engineering interventions that would effect changes in people that would be passed along to their offspring as a natural part of their genetic inheritance. The question of whether to proceed with germ-line gene therapy is usually posed as a question about our obligations to respect the interests of future generations. In this paper I agree with this general interpretation of the issue, but dispute an assumption that many analysts make in attempting to take the argument further. In short, I dispute the assumption that the proper objects of our concern in contemplating human germ-line engineering are the descendants of the engineered.
Load distribution vector based attack strategies against power grid systems

Security issues in complex systems such as power grid, communication network, Internet, among others have attracted wide attention from academic, government and industry. In this paper, we investigate the vulnerabilities of power grid under a topology-based network model in the context of cascading failures caused by physical attacks against substations and transmission lines. In particular, we develop attack strategies from the attackers' points of view, aiming to cause severe damage to the network efficiency, as a way to revealing the vulnerability of the system. We propose a new and useful metric, load distribution vector (LDV), to describe the properties of nodes and links. Based on the LDV, we develop a multi-node attack strategy and a multi-link attack strategy, which are proved to be stronger attacks than the traditional load-based attacks using the Western North American power grid data. For example, the removal of only three critical nodes in the grid can reduce more than 30% of the original network efficiency, and the removal of only three critical links can reduce the network efficiency by 23%. In the above cases, the traditional load-based schemes reduce the network efficiency by 23.57% and 18.35%, respectively.
k-Prototype Learning for 3D Rigid Structures

In this paper, we study the following new variant of prototype learning, called k-prototype learning problem for 3D rigid structures: Given a set of 3D rigid structures, find a set of k rigid structures so that each of them is a prototype for a cluster of the given rigid structures and the total cost (or dissimilarity) is minimized. Prototype learning is a core problem in machine learning and has a wide range of applications in many areas. Existing results on this problem have mainly focused on the graph domain. In this paper, we present the first algorithm for learning multiple prototypes from 3D rigid structures. Our result is based on a number of new insights to rigid structures alignment, clustering, and prototype reconstruction, and is practically efficient with quality guarantee. We validate our approach using two type of data sets, random data and biological data of chromosome territories. Experiments suggest that our approach can effectively learn prototypes in both types of data.
Estrogen regulation of follicle stimulating hormone in cell cultures of sheep pituitaries.

Cell cultures of ovine pituitaries were maintained for up to 3 weeks. A specific double antibody radioimmunoassay was used to measure FSH in the media and cells. The rate of FSH synthesis increased in the cultures during the first 4–6 days to a level of approximately 50 ng/day/106 cells, generally remained constant for 2 weeks and then decreased. The FSH produced in vitro migrated similarly to highly purified ovine FSH on P-60 polyacrylamide gel filtration columns and had a biological potency essentially identical to that of the highly purified FSH standard. Addition of 17β-estradiol (E2) at 10-9M on days 2 or 6 of incubation decreased FSH synthesis >95% within 30 h. Timecourse analysis revealed that the effect of E2 can be observed as early as 6 h after treatment. FSH synthesis resumed after removal of E2 and reached control levels within 6 days. The lowest effective dose of E2 was 10-11M; E2 at 5 × 10-11M maintained FSH production at approximately 50% of the control levels. Diethylstilbestrol was as act...
Effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Kupffer cell phagosomal motility, bacterial clearance, and liver function.

Background Zinc oxide engineered nanoparticles (ZnO ENPs) have potential as nanomedicines due to their inherent properties. Studies have described their pulmonary impact, but less is known about the consequences of ZnO ENP interactions with the liver. This study was designed to describe the effects of ZnO ENPs on the liver and Kupffer cells after intravenous (IV) administration.
Notes on Velleius

Velleius text rests on a single manuscript, found at Murbach in 1515, which long ago disappeared. We know of it from three reports: (a) the editio princeps (P) by its discoverer Rhenanus, published in 1520, apparently from an inaccurate copy taken by an anonymous friend;1 (b) notes on the manuscript taken by Rhenanus' secretary Burer (B), who compared it with proofs of the edition; and (c) a copy (A), probably from the same source as P, taken in 1516 by B. Amerbach and discovered by Orelli in 1834. Of this text one editor has written: 'While modern scholarship has made progress in solving its enigmas, the text of Velleius, unless some long-hidden manuscript shall unexpectedly come to light, will always continue to be one of the most corrupt among the surviving texts of classical authors.
Alpha-alumina nanoparticles induce efficient autophagy-dependent cross-presentation and potent antitumour response

Therapeutic cancer vaccination is an attractive strategy because it induces T cells of the immune system to recognize and kill tumour cells in cancer patients. However, it remains difficult to generate large numbers of T cells that can recognize the antigens on cancer cells using conventional vaccine carrier systems. Here we show that α-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles can act as an antigen carrier to reduce the amount of antigen required to activate T cells in vitro and in vivo. We found that α-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles delivered antigens to autophagosomes in dendritic cells, which then presented the antigens to T cells through autophagy. Immunization of mice with α-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles that are conjugated to either a model tumour antigen or autophagosomes derived from tumour cells resulted in tumour regression. These results suggest that α-Al(2)O(3) nanoparticles may be a promising adjuvant in the development of therapeutic cancer vaccines.
E Luku Wale e . Devastation upon Devastation

. Luku Wale. Devastation upon Devastation. Honolulu Advertiser Gallery, The Contemporary Museum, Honolulu. (Through March 18, 1998)
HLA Class II Influences the Immune Response and Antibody Diversification to Ro60/Sjögren’s Syndrome-A: Heightened Antibody Responses and Epitope Spreading in Mice Expressing HLA-DR molecules

Abs to Ro/SSA Ags in the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjogren’s syndrome are influenced by the HLA class II genes. To investigate the role of individual HLA class II genes in immune responses to human Ro60 (hRo60), mice lacking murine class II molecules and carrying either HLA genes DR2 ( DRB1*1502 ), DR3 ( DRB1*0301 ), DQ6 ( DQA1\*0103/DQB1\*0601 ), or DQ8 ( DQA1\*0301/DQB1\*0302 ), were immunized with rhRo60. The results show that hRo60 induces strong T and B cell responses in DR2, DR3, and DQ8 mice in comparison to weaker responses in DQ6 mice. In all mice, the majority of the dominant T cell epitopes were located in the amino portion (aa 61–185) and the carboxy portion (aa 381–525) of the hRo60 molecules. In contrast, the early dominant B cell epitopes were located in the middle and carboxy portion of the hRo60 molecule (aa 281–315 and 401–538). In DR2, DR3, and DQ8 mice, the B cell epitopes subsequently spread to the amino and carboxy portion of the hRo60 molecule but were limited to the middle and carboxy portion in DQ6 mice. The DR2 and DR3 mice produced the highest titers of immunoprecipitating Abs against hRo60 and native mouse Ro60. In addition, only DR2 mice exclusively produced immunoprecipitating Abs to native mouse Ro52 and Abs to mouse La by slot blot analysis, whereas in other strains of mice Abs to mouse La were cross-reactive with the immunogen. The results of the present study demonstrate the importance of HLA class II in controlling the immune responses to the Ro-ribonucleoprotein.
Intracellular Copper Accumulation Enhances the Growth of Kineococcus radiotolerans during Chronic Irradiation

The actinobacterium Kineococcus radiotolerans is highly resistant to ionizing radiation, desiccation, and oxidative stress, though the underlying biochemical mechanisms are unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore a possible linkage between the uptake of transition metals and extreme resistance to ionizing radiation and oxidative stress. The effects of six different divalent cationic metals on growth were examined in the absence of ionizing radiation. None of the metals tested were stimulatory, though cobalt was inhibitory to growth. In contrast, copper supplementation dramatically increased colony formation during chronic irradiation. K. radiotolerans exhibited specific uptake and intracellular accumulation of copper, compared to only a weak response to both iron and manganese supplementation. Copper accumulation sensitized cells to hydrogen peroxide. Acute-irradiation-induced DNA damage levels were similar in the copper-loaded culture and the age-synchronized no-copper control culture, though low-molecular-weight DNA was more persistent during postirradiation recovery in the Cu-loaded culture. Still, the estimated times for genome restoration differed by only 2 h between treatments. While we cannot discount the possibility that copper fulfills an unexpectedly important biochemical role in a low-radioactivity environment, K. radiotolerans has a high capacity for intracellular copper sequestration and presumably efficiently coordinated oxidative stress defenses and detoxification systems, which confers cross-protection from the damaging effects of ionizing radiation.
Machine Learning Methods for Protein Structure Prediction

Machine learning methods are widely used in bioinformatics and computational and systems biology. Here, we review the development of machine learning methods for protein structure prediction, one of the most fundamental problems in structural biology and bioinformatics. Protein structure prediction is such a complex problem that it is often decomposed and attacked at four different levels: 1-D prediction of structural features along the primary sequence of amino acids; 2-D prediction of spatial relationships between amino acids; 3-D prediction of the tertiary structure of a protein; and 4-D prediction of the quaternary structure of a multiprotein complex. A diverse set of both supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods has been applied over the years to tackle these problems and has significantly contributed to advancing the state-of-the-art of protein structure prediction. In this paper, we review the development and application of hidden Markov models, neural networks, support vector machines, Bayesian methods, and clustering methods in 1-D, 2-D, 3-D, and 4-D protein structure predictions.
Looking past pleasure: Anger, confusion, disgust, pride, surprise, and other unusual aesthetic emotions.

Psychological aesthetics, for the most part, is concerned with people's feelings of pleasure in response to art. The study of mild positive feelings will always be important to psychological aesthetics, but the range of aesthetic feelings is much wider than liking, preference, and pleasure. This article provides an overview of some unusual aesthetic emotions: knowledge emotions (interest, confusion, and surprise), hostile emotions (anger, disgust, and contempt), and self-conscious emotions (pride, shame, and embarrassment). Appraisal theories of emotion can describe how these emotions differ and when they come about. An expanded view of aesthetic experience creates intriguing and fertile directions for future research.
Further studies of glycosylation and intracellular transport of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase in rat small intestine.

Previous studies [Buller, Montgomery, Sasak & Grand (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17206-17211] have demonstrated that lactase-phlorizin hydrolase is inserted into the microvillus membrane (MVM) as a large precursor of approx. 220 kDa, which then undergoes two proteolytic cleavage steps to become the 130 kDa mature MVM protein. In order to assess the role of glycosylation in intracellular transport, the processing of this enzyme has been studied in the presence of castanospermine, an inhibitor of N-linked oligosaccharide modification and subsequent treatment with two endoglycosidases, endo-beta-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (endo-H) and peptide:N-glycosidase-F (N-glycanase). We now show that the intracellular precursor (205 kDa) undergoes carbohydrate processing (220 kDa) and transport to the MVM where its further proteolytic cleavage is as described. Treatment of the intracellular 205 kDa precursor with either endo-H which cleaves only high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides, or with N-glycanase, which cleaves both high-mannose and complex N-linked oligosaccharides, results in the conversion of the 205 kDa protein band to one of 195 kDa. These data suggest that the 205 kDa precursor contains only high-mannose N-linked carbohydrates, and that the unglycosylated nascent protein is 195 kDa. In the presence of castanospermine, an intracellular precursor of approx. 210 kDa is observed. When treated with endo-H or N-glycanase, this form also produces a protein of 195 kDa. The transport of the intracellular precursor to the MVM and further proteolytic processing is not blocked by the inhibitor. However, all MVM forms of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase show an increase of approx. 5 kDa. Treatment of these three MVM forms with endo-H indicates the increased presence of high mannose oligosaccharides in comparison with non-castanospermine-treated forms. The susceptibility to endo-H of the 130 kDa MVM band synthesized in the absence of castanospermine implies the presence of high-mannose N-linked oligosaccharides in the mature form of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase. Incubation of these MVM forms with N-glycanase further reduces their electrophoretic mobility, indicating the presence of complex N-linked oligosaccharides in the MVM forms, in contrast with the intracellular precursor. Altered glycosylation reduces but does not abolish intracellular transport of lactase-phlorizin hydrolase to the MVM.
Foredune Restoration Before and After Hurricanes: Inevitable Destruction, Certain Reconstruction

In many parts of the world where shorelines are eroding, hurricanes or other storms destroy foredunes every few years. Moreover, in highly urbanized locations, there may be so little habitat space available that a dune ecosystem is unable to sustain itself. So why do people restore dunes in these contexts, only to see their hard work subsequently destroyed by the next hurricane? People restore them, even if only for their short-term benefits, because: they effectively demarcate the public beach from private property, protecting homeowners’ properties from wandering tourists; they are aesthetically-pleasing, providing a sense of nature and wildness to homeowners and tourists alike; they protect housing and infrastructure from the impacts of future storms. These three incentives drive large sand-moving and re-vegetation projects, even though they are ultimately futile against the forces of nature. Using three foredune restoration projects on Galveston Island, Texas as examples, these incentives and the storms that instigated or subsequently destroyed the projects are examined. This is not a cynical story—rather, it shows that small pockets of the natural world can co-exist within a largely urban matrix, simply because it is in people’s financial interest to maintain them.
A Review of Infrastructure’s Impact on Economic Development

This chapter summarizes some of the economic benefits from infrastructure in the context of developing countries, and considers the necessary conditions for these benefits to be realized. Infrastructure is defined here as the long-lived engineered structures, equipment, and facilities, and the services they provide, that are used both in economic production and by households. This grouping of “economic” infrastructure comprises public utilities (electric power, piped gas and heating, telecommunications, water supply, liquid and solid waste disposal), public works (major dam and canal works for irrigation, as well as roads), and other transport sectors (railways, urban transport, ports and waterways, and airports).
Donor‐Specific HLA Antibodies in Living Versus Deceased Donor Liver Transplant Recipients

With less ischemia, improved donor selection and controlled procedures, living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) might lead to less HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA) formation or fewer adverse outcomes than deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT). Using the multicenter A2ALL (Adult-to-Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Cohort Study) biorepository, we compared the incidence and outcomes of preformed and de novo DSAs between LDLT and DDLT. In total, 129 LDLT and 66 DDLT recipients were identified as having serial samples. The prevalence of preformed and de novo DSAs was not different between DDLT and LDLT recipients (p = 0.93). There was no association between patient survival and the timing (preformed vs. de novo), class (I vs. II) and relative levels of DSA between the groups; however, preformed DSA was associated with higher graft failure only in DDLT recipients (p = 0.01). De novo DSA was associated with graft failure regardless of liver transplant type (p = 0.005) but with rejection only in DDLT (p = 0.0001). On multivariate analysis, DSA was an independent risk factor for graft failure regardless of liver transplant type (p = 0.017, preformed; p = 0.002, de novo). In conclusion, although similar in prevalence, DSA may have more impact in DDLT than LDLT recipients. Although our findings need further validation, future research should more robustly test the effect of donor type and strategies to mitigate the impact of DSA.
Pediatric orofacial injuries.

Perioral injuries may have significant medical, dental and psychological consequences in children. Soft-tissue injuries are common-place, with the most common types being contusions, abrasions, lacerations and electrical and chemical burns. Each type requires specific care and follow through. Immediate intervention and treatment are important, and rapid neurologic assessment of a child before treatment helps the long-term prognosis. Children must also be screened for abuse and neglect. The common goal of treatment is to prevent infection, provide function and minimize scarring. Perioral injuries are preventable. Language: en
Neural reactivity to rewards and losses in offspring of mothers and fathers with histories of depressive and anxiety disorders

Depression appears to be characterized by reduced neural reactivity to receipt of reward. Despite evidence of shared etiologies and high rates of comorbidity between depression and anxiety, this abnormality may be relatively specific to depression. However, it is unclear whether children at risk for depression also exhibit abnormal reward responding, and if so, whether risk for anxiety moderates this association. The feedback negativity (FN) is an event-related potential component sensitive to receipt of rewards versus losses that is reduced in depression. Using a large community sample (N = 407) of 9-year-old children who had never experienced a depressive episode, we examined whether histories of depression and anxiety in their parents were associated with the FN following monetary rewards and losses. Results indicated that maternal history of depression was associated with a blunted FN in offspring, but only when there was no maternal history of anxiety. In addition, greater severity of maternal depression was associated with greater blunting of the FN in children. No effects of paternal psychopathology were observed. Results suggest that blunted reactivity to rewards versus losses may be a vulnerability marker that is specific to pure depression, but is not evident when there is also familial risk for anxiety. In addition, these findings suggest that abnormal reward responding is evident as early as middle childhood, several years prior to the sharp increase in the prevalence of depression and rapid changes in neural reward circuitry in adolescence.
The Marketing Manager's Dilemma:

To research or not to research. That is a question that often plagues the marketing manager. Should he spend money on marketing research to get more facts so that a given operating decision may be ...
Community Readiness for Childhood Obesity Prevention Findings From a Statewide Assessment in Georgia

As investments are made to engage communities in childhood obesity prevention efforts, an approach to better understand local communities’ readiness to implement evidence-based strategies is needed...
A "twilight period" of coronary perfusion: the risk of intraoperative infarction in surgery for main left coronary obstruction.

UNLABELLED This study investigates the significance of an intraoperative period of low coronary perfusion pressure which may lead to ischemia, infarction, or both, in patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery for tight left main obstruction. "Twilight Period" (TP) was defined as the time interval from initiation of cardiopulmonary bypass to implementation of cold cardioplegia. Fifty-four patients with main left coronary obstruction (greater than 50%) were divided in three groups: Group I (20), TP less than 5 minutes; Group II (15), TP = 5-15 minutes; and Group III (19), TP greater than 15 minutes. Monitoring parameters included: systemic perfusion pressure during TP, perfusion flows, length of TP, time of ischemia, myocardial temperatures during ischemia, postoperative CK-MB level, EKG-detectable infarction, and postoperative therapeutic support requirements. RESULTS Intraoperative myocardial infarction by EKG was 0% in Group I, 7% in Group II, and 26.3% in Group III; mortality was 0%, 0%, and 15.7%, respectively. CK-MB values were 18 +/- 3.2 IU, Group I; 18.3 +/- 2.5 IU, Group II; and 49.4 +/- 10.3 IU, Group III. Group I vs. III: P 0.01. Levels of postoperative support: Level A, less than 12 hours; Level B, 12-36 hours; and Level C, greater than 36 hours. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) was considered Level C. In Group I, 75% (15/20) fell in Level A; 15% (3/20) in Level B and 10% (2/20) in Level C. In Group II, 60% (9/15) fell in Level A; 26.7% (4/15) in Level B; and 13% (2/15) in Level C. In Group III, 36.8% (7/19) fell in Level A; 15.8% (3/19) in Level B; and 47.4% (9/19) in Level C.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hemolytic anemia with porcine xenograft aortic and mitral valves.

Severe hemolytic anemia occurred in a 30-year-old man 12 months after insertion of 23 mm and 31 mm Hancock porcine xenografts in the aortic and mitral positions respectively. At catheterization the mean transvalvular aortic xenograft gradient was 63 mm Hg, and at operation the stents of the aortic xenograft were bent inward, causing a supravalvular secondary orifice obstruction. One year later the patient has only subclinical hemolysis consistent with Bjork-Shiley aortic and mitral prostheses.
“Second Generation” Prostaglandins: Midtrimester Pregnancy Termination by Intramuscular Injection of a 15-Methyl Analog of Prostaglandin F2α*†

Eighty midtrimester gravid patients were treated with prostaglandin 15(S)-15-methyl Fa alpha by repeated intramuscular injections of 250 mug at 2-hour intervals for the elective termination of pregnancy. A success rate of 97.5% was achieved, with a mean initiation-to-abortion time of 17.2 +/- 1.0 hours. Gastrointestinal side effects were prominent but no serious complications occurred. Serial serum progesterone determinations and continuous intra-amniotic pressure recording were carried out in selected cases and correlated with abortifacient activity. This method of pregnancy termination appears particularly suitable for use in the early midtrimester of gestation.
Affine Algebraic Geometry: The Hilbert Theorems

Now, let us consider the question of whether or not algebraic sets can be determined by a finite number of equations.
Socially responsible investing in hedge funds

Socially responsible investing (SRI) has gained popularity in recent years, but the evidence is mixed as to whether SRI affects investor returns. We employ several empirical methods to determine the impact of SRI on returns for U.S. equity hedge funds from 2005 to 2015. Using a propensity score matching technique, we find evidence that SRI hedge funds do significantly outperform similar non-SRI Hedge Funds on average by between 1.50 and 2.67 per cent annually. We find similar results for one subcategory of hedge funds using Fama and Macbeth (J Political Econ 81(3):607–636, 1973) regressions, and our findings are stronger when we examine returns from subperiods that do not include the global financial crisis.
Barley LTP1 (PAPI) and LTP2: Inhibitors of Green Malt Cysteine Endoproteinases

(1995). Barley LTP1 (PAPI) and LTP2: Inhibitors of Green Malt Cysteine Endoproteinases. Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 53, No. 4, pp. 194-195.
Enhancing the thermal performance of temporary fabric structures for the advanced energy efficient shelter system

The focus of this research is to characterize the thermal load on temporary fabric shelters deployed in the Middle East in order to establish realistic contract specification for the thermal performance of future shelters. Three different testing methods were utilized to evaluate shelter thermal performance. Small-scale tests allowed for economical comparisons of different shelter materials and configurations.
Phase I study of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat in combination with capecitabine in a biweekly schedule in advanced breast cancer.

154 Background: Synergy between histone deacetylase inhibitors and 5-fluorouracil is thought to be due to down regulation of thymidylate synthase. Study objectives are to assess maximum tolerated dose (MTD), dose limiting toxicities (DLT) and objective response rate of vorinostat (V) in combination with capecitabine (C). Secondary aims are pharmacodynamics of V. Methods: Cohorts of 3-6 patients (pts) were enrolled on a 3+3 dose-escalation phase to assess MTD of escalating doses of oral C (1500/1800/2000mg) with V 200 mg BID on days 1-7 and 15-21 of a 28 d cycle. 10 pts enrolled on dose expansion phase and treated at MTD. Pts received a “run in” treatment of V for 5 d and pre/post V biopsy (bx) collected when feasible. DLT was defined as ≥ grade 3 non hematological toxicity, grade 4 thrombocytopenia, grade 4 neutropenia > 5 d, grade 4 febrile neutropenia requiring hospitalization, QTc >500ms,or treatment delay > 2 weeks from toxicity. Microarray analysis was performed using Illumina HT-12 gene arrays on pr...
TAXING COLONEL SANDERS: RE-EXAMINING CONSTITUTIONAL NEXUS THROUGH THE LENS OF KFC v. IOWA

Over twenty years ago, the Supreme Court of the United States decided that an entity must have a “physical presence” within a state before that state’s taxing authority can require the entity to pay state taxes. Since this physical presence requirement was created, a deep divide among state courts has shaped a confusing landscape surrounding two issues with the requirement. First, the states disagree on what constitutes physical presence within a state. Some state courts have held that mere economic presence in a state is sufficient for a state to assert its tax jurisdiction. Second, the states disagree on whether the physical presence requirement applies to all state taxes or merely a narrow classification of state taxes, specifically sales and use taxes. When it created the physical presence requirement, the Supreme Court hinted that, while it was articulating a standard, the issue of a state’s tax jurisdiction was best left for Congress to decide. Unfortunately, Congress has refused to legislate on this issue. Several state court decisions interpreting the physical presence requirement have been appealed to the Supreme Court—none of them have been granted certiorari. The Supreme Court’s physical presence requirement is the current * James F. Murtha is a 2010 graduate of Western New England University School of Law where he received a Juris Doctor, cum laude, and a 2012 graduate of Georgetown University Law Center where he received a Master of Laws (LL.M.) in Taxation with a certificate in State and Local Taxation. He is currently a Staff Attorney in the Division of Enforcement at the United States Securities & Exchange Commission. The Securities and Exchange Commission, as a matter of policy, disclaims responsibility for any private publication or statement by any of its employees. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Commission or of the author’s colleagues on the staff of the Commission. The author thanks his wife and son, Nora and Connor, for their love and support. 55 MURTHA FINAL 51313.DOC 5/15/13 2:42 PM 56 WESTERN NEW ENGLAND LAW REVIEW [Vol. 35:55 standard, and it was never expressly limited by the Court to certain classes of state taxes. The author argues that the Supreme Court should articulate a bright-line rule requiring actual physical presence within a state before the state has the power to impose any tax on an entity. Given Congress’s refusal to act, and the landscape of uncertainty currently faced by many multi-state businesses, it is time the Supreme Court clears up the tangled underbrush with a bright-line standard.
Increased Postnatal Cardiac Hyperplasia Precedes Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in a Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Rationale –Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) occurs in ~0.5% of the population and is a leading cause of sudden cardiac death in young adults. Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy has been the accepted mechanism for cardiac enlargement in HCM, but the early signaling responsible for initiating hypertrophy is poorly understood. Mutations in cardiac myosin binding protein C (MYBPC3) are among the most common HCM-causing mutations. Ablation of Mybpc3 in an HCM mouse model (cMyBP-C-/-) rapidly leads to cardiomegaly by postnatal day (PND) 9, though hearts are indistinguishable from wild-type (WT) at birth. This model provides a unique opportunity to explore early processes involved in the dramatic postnatal transition to hypertrophy. Methods and Results – We performed microarray analysis, echocardiography, qPCR, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and isolated cardiomyocyte measurements to characterize the perinatal cMyBP C / phenotype before and after overt hypertrophy. cMyBP-C-/- hearts showed elevated cell cycling at PND1 that transitioned to hypertrophy by PND9. An expanded time course revealed that increased cardiomyocyte cycling was associated with elevated heart weight to body weight ratios prior to cellular hypertrophy, suggesting that cell cycling resulted in cardiomyocyte proliferation. Animals heterozygous for the cMyBP-C deletion trended in the direction of the homozygous null, yet did not show increased heart size by PND9. Conclusions – Results indicate that altered regulation of the cell cycling pathway and elevated proliferation precedes hypertrophy in the cMyBP-C-/- HCM model, and suggests that increased cardiomyocyte number contributes to increased heart size in cMyBP-C-/- mice. This pre-hypertrophic period may reflect a unique time during which the commitment to HCM is determined and disease severity is influenced.
Imaging Techniques in Pharmacology

The development of new drugs is increasingly based on a knowledge of membrane and cellular biochemistry, rather than screening large numbers of samples of soil, or toxins. These drugs are “designed”, rather than “discovered.” Following identification of a likely compound in-vitro, careful studies are performed in animal models to determine the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drug. Once identified as safe and efficacious in animal trials, the pharmacokinetic profile of the drug is determined man. The clinical effects and side effects are then assessed in well controlled, multi-center studies involving large numbers of patients. The challenge to the clinician and pharmacologist participating in these studies has been to translate the exquisite measurements that can be made in animal models to the effective treatment of human disease, despite the lesser data base that can be gathered in man. Issues of dosing schedules, determination of tissue concentration, assessment of the pharmacodynamic effects of therapy, and the effects of therapy on normal and abnormal cell function are less easily assessed in man, because of the need for noninvasive methods.
A view from the UN

There is something intriguing about the concepts of aging and old age as they are commonly perceived today. Our ambivalent attitude towards aging, as a social phenomenon and as a personal predicament, seems to be rooted in vague and contradictory ideas of what aging is, and of what it is to be aging. As a result, both personal attitudes and public policies need analysis and clarification.
Recognition of clinical characteristics for population-based surveillance of fetal alcohol syndrome

Background The diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) rests on identification of characteristic facial, growth, and central nervous system (CNS) features. Public health surveillance of FAS depends on documentation of these characteristics. We evaluated if reporting of FAS characteristics is associated with the type of provider examining the child. Methods We analyzed cases aged 7-9 years from the Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Surveillance Network II (FASSNetII). We included cases whose surveillance records included the type of provider (qualifying provider: developmental pediatrician, geneticist, neonatologist; other physician; or other provider) who evaluated the child as well as the FAS diagnostic characteristics (facial dysmorphology, CNS impairment, and/or growth deficiency) reported by the provider. Results A total of 345 cases were eligible for this analysis. Of these, 188 (54.5%) had adequate information on type of provider. Qualifying physicians averaged more than six reported FAS characteristics while other providers averaged less than five. Qualifying physicians reported on facial characteristics and developmental delay more frequently than other providers. Also, qualifying physicians reported on all three domains of characteristics (facial, CNS, and growth) in 97% of cases while others reported all three characteristics on two thirds of cases. Conclusions Documentation in medical records during clinical evaluations for FAS is lower than optimal for cross-provider communication and surveillance purposes. Lack of documentation limits the quality and quantity of information in records that serve as a major source of data for public health surveillance systems.
Asking a Variety of Questions on Walk Rounds: a Pilot Study.

Morning walk rounds have lost some of their engagement while remaining a useful and valued practice. We created a pilot study to evaluate the impact on rounds of learning to asking a variety of different questions. One-hour intervention sessions were voluntarily offered to members of the Department of Medicine and taught by an expert in the question, listen, and respond method. Participants included attendings and residents in Internal Medicine on medical teams. Questionnaires were collected on six pre-intervention and six post-intervention days. Nine months later, an anonymous online survey was sent to participants asking about their use of a wider variety of questions. Two hundred eight physicians (residents 175 (45.5%), attending physicians 25 (27.7%)) filled out pre-intervention surveys. One hundred eighty-one physicians (residents 155 (40.3%), attending physicians 18 (20%)) filled out post-intervention surveys. When survey responses from the attendings and residents on the medical teams were combined, post-intervention rounds were perceived as more worthwhile (1.99 pre-intervention and 1.55 post-intervention, [95% confidence interval 1.831–2.143]) (p < 0.001) and more engaging (1.68 pre-intervention and 1.30 post-intervention, [95% confidence interval 1.407–1.688]) (p < 0.001).Non-medical teams’ survey responses did not change. Patient census data indicated no significant difference in the hospital’s census on the pre- and post-intervention dates. Spontaneous suggestions for improving rounds came largely from the residents and included teaching points, clinical pearls, patient focus, more interactive, increased dedicated time for teaching, inclusive/multidisciplinary, questions, and evidence-based teaching. Of the participants who answered the online survey 9 months later, 75% (6/8) reported that they “actually asked a wider variety of types of questions.” This pilot study indicates that the 1-h intervention of learning to ask a variety of different questions is associated with rounds that are rated as more worthwhile and engaging by the medical teams.
Management of Left Main Coronary Artery Disease

Left main coronary artery disease (LMCAD) portends higher prognostic risk as a result of the large myocardial territory at risk, ranging from 75% to 100%, depending on the dominance of the left coronary circulation. Diagnosis and management of significant LMCAD continues to be a source of clinical
Understanding scale-dependent soft-error behavior of scientific applications

Analyzing application fault behavior on large-scale systems is time-consuming and resource-demanding. Currently, researchers need to perform fault injection campaigns at full scale to understand the effects of soft errors on applications and whether these faults result in silent data corruption. Both time and resource requirements greatly limit the scope of the resilience studies that can be currently performed. In this work, we propose a methodology to model application fault behavior at large scale based on a reduced set of experiments performed at small scale. We employ machine learning techniques to accurately model application fault behavior using a set of experiments that can be executed in parallel at small scale. Our methodology drastically reduces the set and the scale of the fault injection experiments to be performed and provides a validated methodology to study application fault behavior at large scale. We show that our methodology can accurately model application fault behavior at large scale by using only small scale experiments. In some cases, we can model the fault behavior of a parallel application running on 4,096 cores with about 90% accuracy based on experiments on a single core.