cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Radiative process in strong magnetic fields

Abstract The behavior of electromagnetic processes in strong magnetic fields is currently of great interest in high-energy astrophysics. Observations of neutron stars indicate that magnetic fields larger than 1012 Gauss exist in nature. In fields this strong, where electrons behave much as if they were in bound atomic states, familiar processes undergo profound changes and exotic processes become important. Strong magnetic fields affect the physics in several fundamental ways: energies prependicular to the field are quantized, transverse momentum is not conserved and electron/positron spin is important. The relaxation of transverse mometum conservation allows first order processes and their inverses: one-photon pair production and annihilation, synchrotron/cyclotron radiation and absorption, which are kinematically forbidden under field-free conditions. The first two are essentially quantum-mechanical and hence significant only in fields whose strength approaches the critical field, B cr = 4.414 × 1013 Ga...
1,4-di-tert-butylmethylenecyclopropene

The synthesis, trapping, and spectral characterization of 1,4-di-tert-butylmethylenecyclopropene are described.
A clinical comparison of two vinyl polysiloxane impression materials using the one-step technique.

Statement of problem Impression making remains a challenging procedure due to the potential for voids and tears, which may adversely affect the precise fabrication of indirect restorations. Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression materials using the 1-step impression technique for single and 2-unit crowns. Material and methods Twenty subjects provided informed consent, and two 1-step double-phase master impressions (1 of each material combination) were made of 25 crown preparations. A relatively new VPS material with heavy-body (HB) and light-body (LB) viscosities, which was defined as the experimental group (Imprint 3), was compared to a standard VPS with medium-body (MB) and light-body (LB) viscosities, which was defined as the control group (Aquasil Ultra). Stock trays were used to make a total of 40 master impressions. The order of impression making was randomized as related to the different groups. Impressions were rated visually by 2 evaluators (a clinician and a dental technician). The rating resulted in ordinally structured data for the outcome variables (alpha: excellent, no defects; bravo: acceptable, small defects; charlie: defects require impression to be remade; delta: unacceptable, defects at finish line). Definitive casts made of impressions rated as alpha or bravo were further rated by a dental technician, and that which was rated best was used for making the definitive crown. Results Twenty-three (92%) of the experimental and 24 (96%) of the control impressions were rated as alpha or bravo by the evaluator ( P =.57; McNemar's test for clustered paired proportions using GEE). All 25 dies in the definitive casts of both groups were rated as alpha or bravo by the dental technician. Fifteen dies were selected from the control group and 10 from the experimental group for the fabrication of the definitive crowns ( P =.41; 1-sample binomial test for clustered data using GEE). Conclusions Within the limitations of this clinical study, there was no statistical difference in the clinical performance of the experimental and control VPS impression materials. (J Prosthet Dent 2009;102:179-186)
Distributed assignment algorithms for multihop packet radio networks

New distributed dynamic channel assignment algorithms for a multihop packet radio network are introduced. The algorithms ensure conflict-free transmissions by the nodes of the network. The basic idea of the algorithms is to split the shared channel into a control segment and a transmission segment. The control segment is used to avoid conflicts among nodes and to increase the utilization of the transmission segment. It is shown how these algorithms can be used in order to determine time-division multiple access (TDMA) cycles with spatial reuse of the channel. >
The Use Of Automated Telephone Interfaces With Customers By Local Organizations: Best Practices And Exploratory Investigation Of Usage

Automated telephone systems (ATS) have been criticized by customers as a frustrating way to interact with an organization. This study seeks to discover ATS best practices, assess how many local organizations (as opposed to 1-800 call centers) are utilizing various ATSs, and determine which ATS best practices these local organizations are adopting. A list of 35 best practices were found. An exploratory examination of 400 organizations in a mid-sized mid-western city revealed that very few use an advanced ATS, with 51% using a simple answering machine. The adoption of best practices by these organizations was quite varied. Managerial recommendations as well as future research suggestions are offered.
Structure/activity analysis of resiniferatoxin analogs

Resiniferatoxin (RTX), unlike the structurally related phorbol esters, acts as an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin, the pungent principle of the red pepper. A homovanillyl group is an essential structural feature of capsaicin and the most prominent feature distinguishing resiniferatoxin from typical phorbol-related compounds. In this report, we examine the RTX-like activity of two 20-homovanillyl esters of diterpene derivatives with particular similarities to RTX. The potency of 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate 20-homovanillate (dPP-HV) was comparable to RTX for local induction and desensitization of chemical pain but was 2–4 orders of magnitude less potent for the other RTX responses tested (stimulation and desensitization of neurogenic inflammation and hypothermia). Mezerein 20-homovanillate (Mez-HV) displayed very weak activity in pain induction and was inactive in the other assays. The parent derivatives - resiniferonol orthophenylacetate, 12-deoxyphorbol 13-phenylacetate and mezerein - were inactive in inducing RTX-like effects. Reciprocally, the presence of the 20-homovanillate ester reduced binding affinities to protein kinase C by 11-, 130- and 690-fold for RTX, dPP-HV and Mez-HV, respectively. Our findings provide further evidence for heterogeneity among capsaicin-sensitive pathways. Most significantly, our results demonstrate that esterincation of phorbol-related diterpenes with homovanillic acid can yield capsaicin analogs with unique activities.
Flow and Media Enjoyment

Media enjoyment is theorized by synthesizing empirical literature from uses and gratifications with Csikszentmihalyi’s flow theory. This article argues that enjoyment of media results from a flow experience realized when media message content balances with individual ability to interpret that message. Further, it theorizes that media experience, along with individual differences in cognitive abilities, facilitates or prevents flow state in media users. Therefore, it is a balance between individual differences in cognitive abilities and media message challenges that explains enjoyment of media use. The authors offer the case of video game usage as an exemplar, and examples of cognitive tasks are provided and linked to game genre content.
Fourth-generation fluoroquinolone penetration into the aqueous humor in humans

Purpose To compare the penetration and levels of the fourth-generation fluoroquinolones moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution and gatifloxacin 0.3% solution in the aqueous humor (AH) in humans after topical application with published levels of other available fluoroquinolones under similar dosing conditions. Design Prospective, randomized, double-masked clinical trial. Participants Forty-six patients undergoing cataract extraction. Methods Patients scheduled for routine phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation were provided either moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution (n = 22) or gatifloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution (n = 24) to use 4 times daily the day before surgery plus 1 drop 1 hour before the surgical entry into the anterior chamber on the day of surgery. This regimen simulated a realistic postoperative dosing schedule. Aqueous humor samples were obtained and analyzed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Aqueous humor fluoroquinolone concentrations were calculated by peak comparison with a known concentration peak for ciprofloxacin that was used as an internal standard. These values were compared with published concentrations of other available fluoroquinolones under similar dosing conditions. Results The mean age of the moxifloxacin 0.5% group was 67.8±9.7 years, whereas that of the gatifloxacin 0.3% group was 69.9±8.7 years. The moxifloxacin AH concentration was 1.86±1.06 μg/ml, and that of gatifloxacin was 0.94±0.72 μg/ml. This 2-fold difference was statistically significant ( P = 0.001). Conclusions Aqueous humor antibiotic concentrations achieved at the time of cataract surgery after topical application can serve as an effective surrogate for what can be achieved with typical postoperative topical dosing (e.g., 4 times daily). Both fourth-generation fluoroquinolones achieved a greater AH concentration after 4 times daily dosing relative to prior-generation fluoroquinolones. Moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution achieved a 2-fold higher aqueous humor concentration than gatifloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution. The superior penetration of moxifloxacin into the AH may be attributed partially to its high degree of lipophilicity, greater solubility at neutral pH, and higher concentration in the commercial formulation. The enhanced penetration of moxifloxacin 0.5% ophthalmic solution may provide better protection against ocular infections.
Nasal osteotomies: anatomy, planning, and technique.

The human nose is believed to have developed characteristics that distinguish it from the anatomy of other hominids with the emergence of Homo erectus 1.6 million years ago. These distinguishing features include the projection of the external nose, the relationship of the piriform aperture to the nasal bones, and the prominence of the nasal spine [1]. It is proposed that these features developed in response to the need for moisture conservation as activity of the genus Homo shifted to more open and arid environments [1]. Of course, most patients care little about the history of nasal evolution when requesting a rhinoplasty; however, it is incumbent upon the surgeon to recognize and preserve the function that underlies the form of the contemporary human nose. The bony–cartilaginous nasal vault is a critical determinant of that function. A thorough understanding of the anatomy of the nose is paramount in rhinoplasty. Correction of deformities of the nasal vault presents a challenge to the facial plastic surgeon. Suboptimal esthetic results may occur when inadequate or excessive mobilization of the nasal bony – cartilaginous framework is performed. Furthermore, postoperative complications such as collapse of the nasal airway may occur. Several techniques are available to mobilize appropriately and reposition the bony nasal vault. This article reviews pertinent anatomy, technical considerations, and clinical perspectives on mobilization of the nasal bones.
Effects of pressure and H2O content on the compositions of primary crustal melts

Melting experiments with and without added H2O on a model metagreywacke and a natural metapelite demonstrate how pressure and H2O content control the compositions of melts and residual assemblages. Several effects are observed under isothermal conditions. Firstly, the stability field of biotite shrinks with decreasing pressure and with increasing H2O content, whereas that of plagioclase shrinks with increasing pressure and H2O content. Secondly, the ferromagnesian content of melts at the source (i.e. coexisting with their residual assemblages) decreases with decreasing H2O activity. Thirdly, with increasing pressure the Ca/Mg and Ca/Fe ratios of melts decrease relative to those of coexisting garnet. As a consequence, a wide spectrum of melts and crystalline residues can be generated from the same source material. For example, H2O-starved dehydration melting of metagreywacke at low pressure (≤10 kbar) generates K-rich (granitic) melts that coexist with pyroxene- and plagioclase-rich residues, whereas melting of the same material at high pressure (≍15 kbar) and with minor H2O infiltration can generate leucocratic Na-rich and Ca-poor (trondhjemitic) melts that coexist with biotite- and garnet-rich residues. An increased H2O content stabilises orthopyroxene at the expense of garnet + biotite + plagioclase, causing melts to shift towards granodioritic or perhaps tonalitic compositions.
Comparison of edge detectors using an object recognition task

This paper presents a methodology and results of evaluating edge detection algorithms using an object recognition task. A dataset consisting of 37 real images with 5 different jeep-like vehicles is used. Five edge detectors are compared using ROC curve analysis. The Heitger detector gives the best results. The work is being extended to include more images and a train-and-test style evaluation.
Exploiting a Rare Communication Shift to Document the Persuasive Power of the News Media

Using panel data and matching techniques, we exploit a rare change in communication flows—the endorsement switch to the Labour Party by several prominent British newspapers before the 1997 United Kingdom general election—to study the persuasive power of the news media. These unusual endorsement switches provide an opportunity to test for news media persuasion while avoiding methodological pitfalls that have plagued previous studies. By comparing readers of newspapers that switched endorsements to similar individuals who did not read these newspapers, we estimate that these papers persuaded a considerable share of their readers to vote for Labour. Depending on the statistical approach, the point estimates vary from about 10% to as high as 25% of readers. These findings provide rare evidence that the news media exert a powerful influence on mass political behavior.
Comfortably Numb: Desensitizing Effects of Violent Media on Helping Others

Two studies tested the hypothesis that exposure to violent media reduces aid offered to people in pain. In Study 1, participants played a violent or nonviolent video game for 20 min. After game play, while completing a lengthy questionnaire, they heard a loud fight, in which one person was injured, outside the lab. Participants who played violent games took longer to help the injured victim, rated the fight as less serious, and were less likely to "hear" the fight in comparison to participants who played nonviolent games. In Study 2, violent- and nonviolent-movie attendees witnessed a young woman with an injured ankle struggle to pick up her crutches outside the theater either before or after the movie. Participants who had just watched a violent movie took longer to help than participants in the other three conditions. The findings from both studies suggest that violent media make people numb to the pain and suffering of others.
The incidence and impact of comorbidity on survival and selection of initial treatment in elderly patients (pts) with head and neck cancer (HNC)

6065 Background: Comorbidity has been shown to be a determinant of survival and treatment selection in various cancers including HNC. Higher comorbidity index is associated with higher utilization ...
Adenoviral E3-14.7K protein in LPS-induced lung inflammation

The adenoviral E3-14.7K protein is a cytoplasmic protein synthesized after adenoviral infection. To assess the contribution of E3-14.7K-sensitive pathways in the modulation of inflammation by the respiratory epithelium, inflammatory responses to intratracheal lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were assessed in transgenic mice bearing the adenoviral E3-14.7K gene under the direction of the surfactant protein (SP) C promoter. When E3-14.7K transgenic mice were administered LPS intratracheally, lung inflammation as indicated by macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was decreased compared with wild-type control mice. Lung inflammation and epithelial cell injury were decreased in E3-14.7K mice 24 and 48 h after LPS administration. Intracellular staining for surfactant proprotein (proSP) B, proSP-C, and SP-B was decreased and extracellular staining was markedly increased in wild-type mice after LPS administration, consistent with LPS-induced lung injury. In contrast, intense intracellular staining of proSP-B, proSP-C, and SP-B persisted in type II cells of E3-14.7K mice, whereas extracellular staining of proSP-B and proSP-C was absent. Inhibitory effects of intratracheal LPS on SP-C mRNA were ameliorated by expression of the E3-14.7K gene. Similar to the response to LPS, lung inflammation after intratracheal administration of TNF-α was decreased in E3-14.7K transgenic mice. Levels of TNF-α after LPS administration were similar in wild-type and E3-14.7K -bearing mice. Cell-selective expression of E3-14.7K in the respiratory epithelium inhibited LPS- and TNF-α-mediated lung inflammation, demonstrating the critical role of respiratory epithelial cells in LPS- and TNF-α-induced lung inflammation.
Controlling Vector Bessel Beams with Metasurfaces

Metamaterial surfaces (metasurfaces) can generate tailored electromagnetic wavefronts with spatially varying phase and polarization profiles. In this study a common Gaussian beam is transformed into a vector Bessel beam, which is useful for particle trapping, near-field probes, and laser machining. Going forward, the design and fabrication methodology presented here could be used to create efficient metasurfaces even at optical wavelengths, enabling applications such as tractor beams in compact nanoscale devices.
Convex-hull voting method on a large data set

Background Genes work in concert as a system, not as independent entities, to mediate disease states. There has been considerable interest in understanding variations in molecular signatures between normal and disease states. The selective-voting convex-hull ensemble procedure accommodates molecular heterogeneity within and between groups and allows retrieval of sample-specific sets and investigation of variations in individual networks relevant to personalized medicine[1]. The work here describes using the convex-hull voting method on a large data set. Using parallelization techniques, we predict that we can execute the convex-hull voting algorithm on the University of Kentucky cluster (DLX) using a dataset much too large to run in a feasible time on a single machine.
How Do Blog Gardens Grow? Language Community Correlates with Network Diffusion and Adoption of Blogging Systems.

Different language communities present in a multimedia blog and social network hosting system are contrasted. The disproportionate population of Chinese language speaking users is explored. Four stages of population growth and activity are examined: invitation, adoption, retention, and contribution. Using blog system logs we find that the Chinese language user population grew from just two invitations and demonstrates higher levels of invitation and retention which was highly correlated with contribution. Additional survey results confirm the difference between language communities on their attitudes and approaches to blogging systems. This suggests visible differences in the ways different cultures and language communities embrace and enact relationships through computer mediated publication.
Use of Brilliant Blue FCF during vein graft preparation inhibits intimal hyperplasia

Background Intimal hyperplasia remains the primary cause of vein graft failure for the 1 million yearly bypass procedures performed using human saphenous vein (HSV) grafts. This response to injury is caused in part by the harvest and preparation of the conduit. The use of Brilliant Blue FCF (FCF) restores injury-induced loss of function in vascular tissues possibly via inhibition of purinergic receptor signaling. This study investigated whether pretreatment of the vein graft with FCF prevents intimal hyperplasia. Methods Cultured rat aortic smooth muscle cells (A7r5) were used to determine the effect of FCF on platelet-derived growth factor-mediated migration and proliferation, cellular processes that contribute to intimal hyperplasia. The effectiveness of FCF treatment during the time of explantation on preventing intimal hyperplasia was evaluated in a rabbit jugular-carotid interposition model and in an organ culture model using HSV. Results FCF inhibited platelet-derived growth factor-induced migration and proliferation of A7r5 cells. Treatment with FCF at the time of vein graft explantation inhibited the subsequent development of intimal thickening in the rabbit model. Pretreatment with FCF also prevented intimal thickening of HSV in organ culture. Conclusions Incorporation of FCF as a component of vein graft preparation at the time of explantation represents a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate intimal hyperplasia, reduce vein graft failure, and improve outcome of the autologous transplantation of HSV.
Comparing impacts of parameter and spatial data uncertainty for a grid-based distributed watershed model.

Parameter uncertainty in hydrologic modeling is commonly evaluated, but assessing the impact of spatial input data uncertainty in spatially descriptive ‘distributed’ models is not common. This study compares the significance of uncertainty in spatial input data and model parameters on the output uncertainty of a distributed hydrology and sediment transport model, HYdrology Simulation using Time-ARea method (HYSTAR). The Shuffled Complex Evolution Metropolis (SCEM-UA) algorithm was used to quantify parameter uncertainty of the model. Errors in elevation and land cover layers were simulated using the Sequential Gaussian/Indicator Simulation (SGS/SIS) techniques and then incorporated into the model to evaluate their impact on the outputs relative to those of the parameter uncertainty. This study demonstrated that parameter uncertainty had a greater impact on model output than did errors in the spatial input data. In addition, errors in elevation data had a greater impact on model output than did errors in land cover data. Thus, for the HYSTAR distributed hydrologic model, accuracy and reliability can be improved more effectively by refining parameters rather than further improving the accuracy of spatial input data and by emphasizing the topographic data over the land cover data.
Sleep duration and quality in relation to autonomic nervous system measures: The multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis (MESA)

Study objectives Short sleep duration and poor sleep quality are associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Potential pathophysiological mechanisms include sleep-associated alterations in the autonomic nervous system. The objective of this study was to examine the associations of shorter sleep duration and poorer sleep quality with markers of autonomic tone: heart rate (HR), high-frequency HR variability (HF-HRV) and salivary amylase. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of data from actigraphy-based measures of sleep duration and efficiency and responses to a challenge protocol obtained from 527 adult participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Results Participants who slept fewer than 6 h per night (compared to those who slept 7 h or more per night) had higher baseline HR (fully adjusted model 0.05 log beats/min, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.01, 0.09) and greater HR orthostatic reactivity (fully adjusted model 0.02 log beats/min, 95% CI 0.002, 0.023). Participants who slept 6 to less than 7 h/night (compared to those who slept 7 h or more per night) had lower baseline HF-HRV (fully adjusted model -0.31 log msec2, 95% CI -0.60, -0.14). Participants with low sleep efficiency had lower baseline HF-HRV than those with higher sleep efficiency (fully adjusted model -0.59 log msec2, 95% CI -1.03, -0.15). Participants with low sleep efficiency had higher baseline levels of amylase than those with higher sleep efficiency (fully adjusted model 0.45 log U/mL, 95% CI 0.04, 0.86). Conclusions Short sleep duration, low sleep efficiency, and insomnia combined with short sleep duration were associated with markers of autonomic tone that indicate lower levels of cardiac parasympathetic (vagal) tone and/or higher levels of sympathetic tone.
Targeting the Treatment: The Strategy behind Lyndon Johnson's Lobbying

Lyndon Johnson woke up studying whip counts, went to bed reading the Congressional Record, and invested countless hours in between translating that political intelligence into a lobbying offensive. The result, famously christened “The Johnson Treatment,” remains the archetype practitioners and political scientists cite when appraising presidential leadership on Capitol Hill. Yet Beltway folklore aside, we know little about how LBJ helped forge winning legislative coalitions. Stepping back from the (countless) colorful anecdotes, this study offers a new and systematic look at Lyndon Johnson's lobbying. Specifically, after exploring theoretical models of presidential coalition building, we then investigate their operational tenets using original data on all President Johnson's contacts, with each member of Congress, in both chambers, for every day he was president.
Performance degradation due to extrinsic base encroachment in advanced narrow-emitter bipolar circuits

The author presents a detailed two-dimensional numerical simulation study on the performance degradation caused by the extrinsic base encroachment in advanced narrow-emitter bipolar circuits. It is shown that depending on the circuit families used, the extrinsic base encroachment results in distinct effects on the operation and performance of the circuits. The design considerations and scaling implications for saturating and nonsaturating circuits are discussed, using basic inverter and NTL (non-threshold-logic) as examples. >
Editing of tRNA for Structure and Function

Abstract The degeneracy of the genetic code is implied in the need for 61 sense codons to specify 20 different amino acids; with the exception of methionine and tryptophan, each amino acid is encoded by more than one codon. This discrepancy between codon and amino acid numbers was first explained by Crick’s wobble hypothesis, which invoked the need for base-pairing flexibility between the first anticodon and third codon positions during decoding. Since the inception of the wobble rules, over 100 posttranscriptional modifications have been described, with the largest number affecting the anticodon of tRNA. As anticodon modifications accrue, new findings lead to a constant reinterpretation of the wobble rules to include novel effects on tRNA function. In general, anticodon modifications play key roles in translational fidelity and efficiency. However, anticodon-sequence alterations to a particular tRNA that permit decoding of multiple codons are part of a growing number of posttranscriptional changes collectively known as tRNA editing. In fact, the decoding changes imparted by tRNA editing provide a mechanism to effectively accommodate genetic code degeneracy. Although a number of editing events have direct effects in expanding a tRNA’s decoding capacity, some editing events indirectly affect tRNA function by repairing otherwise non-functional tRNAs. This chapter will attempt to summarize what is currently known about both types of tRNA editing in various organisms, with the proviso that due to the serendipitous nature of editing discoveries, the work presented here will undoubtedly not be conclusive. This chapter will rather compile the few existing examples of tRNA editing, and whenever possible will try to illustrate current efforts to characterize the different tRNA editing enzymes and the various mechanisms.
Oxygen saturation targeting by pulse oximetry in the extremely low gestational age neonate: a quixotic quest.

Purpose of review A collaboration of comparative effectiveness research trials of pulse oximeter saturation (SpO2) targeting in extremely low-gestational-age neonates have begun to report their aggregate results. We examine the results of those trials, collectively referred to as the Neonatal Oxygenation Prospective Meta-analysis or NeOProM. We also discuss the uncertainties that remain and the clinical challenges that lie ahead. Recent findings The primary outcome from NeOProM was a composite of death or disability at 18-24 months corrected age. In 2016 the last of these reports was published. Although there were no differences in the primary outcome overall, analyses of secondary outcomes and data subsets following a pulse oximeter revision show significant treatment differences between targeting a lower compared with a higher SpO2. Summary NeOProM represents the largest collaborative clinical research study of SpO2 targets in extremely low-gestational-age neonates. Although aggregate results give us some insight into the feasibility and efficacy of SpO2 targeting in this population, many questions remain. A patient-level analysis, tracking individual outcomes based on actual SpO2 experienced, may shed some light on these questions. However, finding a single optimal SpO2 range seems unlikely.
Attachment, Self-Regulation, and Competency (ARC)

A substantial percentage of youth exposed to trauma experience multiple or prolonged adversity (Copeland et al. 2007; Finkelhor et al. 2009; Spinazzola et al. 2005a, b), often resulting in a complex array of symptoms and functional impairments that include but go beyond PTSD. These behavioral, emotional, and functional challenges may result in placement in and services from a wide range of systems. As compared with nonexposed youth, youth impacted by multiple traumas are overrepresented in juvenile justice, residential, and other acute treatment systems (see Chaps. 20 and 21), are at risk for involvement with the child welfare system and disruption from multiple out-of-home placements, have a higher likelihood of eligibility for special education services, and seek medical care at higher rates (Abram et al. 2004; Annerback et al. 2012; Dube et al. 2003; Kisiel et al. 2009; Zelechoski and Beserra 2013). This high service utilization across settings suggests the need for trauma-focused treatment for this complex population that incorporates, but goes beyond, traditional therapy approaches.
Relationship between the quality of life of the caregiver and motor function of children with cerebral palsy

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between quality of life (QoL) of the caregiver and disease severity with motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP). Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Research data were collected in the Rehabilitation Clinic of Dae...
Formation of Metastable Water Chains on Anatase TiO2(101)

Anatase TiO2 is indispensable material for energy-harvesting applications and catalysis. In this study, we employ scanning tunneling microscopy and study water adsorption on most stable TiO2(101) surface of anatase. We demonstrate that at very low temperatures (80 K) water has the transient mobility that allows it to move on the surface and form extended chains. In contrast with many other oxides, these water chains are only metastable in nature. Adsorption at higher temperatures, where sustained diffusion is observed (190 K), leads to isolated water monomers in accord with prior literature. We speculate that the observed low-temperature mobility is a result of adsorption in a long-lived precursor state with a low diffusion barrier.
Grade and Tonnage Uncertainty Analysis of an African Copper Deposit Using Multiple-Point Geostatistics and Sequential Gaussian Simulation

Spatial uncertainty analysis is a complex and difficult task for orebody estimation in the mining industry. Conventional models (kriging and its variants) with variogram-based statistics fail to capture the spatial complexity of an orebody. Due to this, the grade and tonnage are incorrectly estimated resulting in inaccurate mine plans, which lead to costly financial decision. Multiple-point geostatistical simulation model can overcome the limitations of the conventional two-point spatial models. In this study, a multiple-point geostatistical method, namely SNESIM, was applied to generate multiple equiprobable orebody models for a copper deposit in Africa, and it helped to analyze the uncertainty of ore tonnage of the deposit. The grade uncertainty was evaluated by sequential Gaussian simulation within each equiprobable orebody models. The results were validated by reproducing the marginal distribution and two- and three-point statistics. The results show that deviations of volume of the simulated orebody models vary from − 3 to 5% compared to the training image. The grade simulation results demonstrated that the average grades from the different simulation are varied from 3.77 to 4.92% and average grade 4.33%. The results also show that the volume and grade uncertainty model overestimates the orebody volume as compared to the conventional orebody. This study demonstrates that incorporating grade and volume uncertainty leads to significant changes in resource estimates.
Macaque Pterygoid Muscles: Internal Architecture, Fiber length, and Cross-Sectional Area

Models of mastication require knowledge of fiber lengths and physiological cross-sectional area (PCS), a proxy for muscle force. I dissected 36 medial pterygoid and 36 lateral pterygoid muscles from 30 adult females of 3 macaque species (Macaca fascicularis, M. mulatta, M. nemestrina) using gross and chemical techniques and calculated PCS. These macaques have mechanically similar dietary niches and exhibit no significant difference in muscle architecture or fiber length. Fiber length does not scale with body size (mass) for either total pterygoid muscle or for medial pterygoid muscle mass. However, fiber length scales weakly with lateral pterygoid muscle mass. In each case, differences in PCS among species result from differences in muscle mass not fiber length. Medial pterygoid PCS scales isometrically with body size; larger animals have greater force production capabilities. Medial and lateral pterygoid PCS scale positively allometrically with facial size; individuals with more prognathic faces and taller mandibular corpora have greater PCS, and hence force, values. This positive allometry counters the less efficient positioning of masticatory muscles in longer-faced macaques. PCS is only weakly correlated with bone proxies previously used to estimate muscle force. Thus, predictions of muscle force from bone parameters will entail large margins of error and should be used with caution.
Overall Positioning Considerations for Intracranial Procedures

Patients undergoing cranial neurosurgical procedures expect and deserve an expert team that will see them safely through one of the most dangerous and anxiety provoking days of their lives. The team that provides this service and the manner in which it will be done vary greatly from institution to institution and from day to day. While good results can be obtained under a variety of different circumstances, there are some uniform truths that we may observe.
Expression and Characterization of PADPRP and a Novel Glucocorticoid-PADPRP “Finger Swapped” Protein from Escherichia coli

PADPRP is a DNA binding protein which becomes active enzymatically when bound to single and double stranded breaks in DNA. This recognition and activation by DNA strand breaks is independent of DNA sequence (1). The enzyme is thought to ADPribosylate proteins in the vicinity of the damaged DNA. We reasoned that redirection of PADPRP to sequence specific areas of chromatin might likewise ADP-ribosylate proteins localized to this specific area of chromatin. Thus, this procedure could be used to label and identify proteins associated with specific areas of DNA, as well as, test the effects of PADPRP activity on DNA repair of damaged DNA at the site of PADPRP binding and at sites distal to the polymerase.
Asymptotic Pheromone Behavior in Swarm Intelligent MANETs

An analytical justification is proposed for the design and global routing performance of three pheromone update methods proposed for use in Termite, a swarm intelligent routing algorithm for mobile wireless ad-hoc networks. A simple model is used in order to determine the average amount of pheromone present on a link, as well as some basic aspects of the pheromone dynamics. This includes a tendency towards a one-zero pheromone distribution favoring the better link. The pheromone update methods are investigated with the perspective that link pheromone is more an estimate of link utility than simply a routing heuristic. This allows the routing solution to be rephrased from a biological analogy to a more traditional best-metric routing terminology. A signal estimation perspective is suggested.
Applied Force during Piston Prosthesis Placement in a 3D-Printed Model: Freehand vs Robot-Assisted Techniques:

ObjectivesTo describe a 3D-printed middle ear model that quantifies the force applied to the modeled incus. To compare the forces applied during placement and crimping of a stapes prosthesis betwee...
Phlebitis after Parenteral Iron Sucrose Administration in Postpartum Women

Abstract Introduction: Multiple studies in industrialized countries indicate that postpartum anemia affects 20-50% of patients immediately after delivery (Barroso F et al Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2011; Bergmann RL et al Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2010; Urquizu IBX et al Med Clin (Barc) 2016). A growing body of literature suggests that intravenous (IV) iron improves time to anemia recovery in postpartum patients (Breymann C et al. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2008; Seid MH et al, Am J Obstet Gynecol 2008). We therefore developed recommendations for the use of IV iron on our Labor and Delivery (LD Westad S et al. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2008). In addition, we found an increase in phlebitis incidence with increasing number of IV infusions: phlebitis was seen in 2 of 18 (11%) patients who received 2 iron infusions on consecutive days via a single IV site, while patients who received 300 mg iron sucrose on 3 consecutive days (5 out of 16 patients; Table 1) had a 31% incidence of phlebitis. Importantly, the phlebitis incidence was 50% for the 10 patients who received 3 infusions of 300 mg iron sucrose at a single IV site. Interestingly, in 6 patients who received 3 infusions of 300 mg iron sucrose on 3 consecutive days but had their peripheral IV re-sited between infusions, none developed phlebitis. No phlebitis was reported in 37 patients who received a single infusion of iron sucrose (100 - 300 mg dose range). Of the 7 phlebitis cases, 3 patients were readmitted to the hospital for evaluation and treatment. Three patients returned to our OB clinic or to L&D Triage for evaluation. One patient communicated her symptoms by telephone encounter. Discussion. IV iron safety analyses have historically focused on dose limitations and the risk for infusion reaction and anaphylaxis. We identified an increasing incidence of post-infusion phlebitis with increasing number of infusions of daily iron sucrose in patients admitted to our L&D service, an adverse event not previously highlighted in published safety literature for iron sucrose. We found the phlebitis events to be clinically significant for the patient, and to result in increased healthcare utilization post-infusion. It is our opinion that this adverse effect deserves attention because of the patient discomfort, inconvenience, and increased healthcare resource utilization. Physicians treating patients for iron-deficiency anemia, including hospitalists, hematologist, and OB-Gyn providers, should be aware of post-infusion phlebitis as a possible complication of iron sucrose therapy. Based on our findings, we recommend against daily IV iron sucrose infusions through a single peripheral venous access site. In addition, other formulations that allow for complete iron replacement in a single infusion session offer a convenience advantage to doctor and patient and may minimize the risk of phlebitis we observed with serial daily iron infusions. Download : Download high-res image (273KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Evaluation of Protective Efficacy When Combining Turkey Herpesvirus–Vector Vaccines

SUMMARY Turkey herpesvirus (HVT) is widely used as a vaccine against Marek's disease in chickens and recently as a vector for foreign genes from infectious bursal disease virus, Newcastle disease (...
Nuclear/Cytoplasmic Localization of IRFs in Response to Viral Infection or Interferon Stimulation

Members of the interferon (IFN) regulatory factor (IRFs) family of transcription factors play diverse roles in immunity and cellular response to viral infections. Their biologic effects result from their ability to regulate either constitutive, inducible, or tissue-specific gene expression. All characterized IRFs contain nuclear localization signals that allow their translocation to the nucleus. However, certain IRFs reside in a latent state in the cytoplasm of the cell and only redistribute to the nucleus following an activating trigger. IRF-3 and IRF-9 are examples of IRFs that are regulated by cellular redistribution. These IRFs use distinct mechanisms that regulate nuclear/cytoplasmic localization, and both depend on strong interaction with non-IRF subunits of multimeric transcription complexes. This review compares the activation of IRF-3 and IRF-9 and their respective physiologic impacts.
Probing Ultrafast Molecular Dynamics by Time-Resolved Coincident Ion Momentum Imaging

A setup for pump-probe experiments using ultraviolet and near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses in combination with coincident ion momentum imaging is presented. Characterization measurements show a pump-probe temporal resolution below 40 fs.
Multi-Spectral SWIR Lidar for Imaging and Spectral Discrimination through Partial Obscurations

A multi-spectral supercontinuum based lidar system is developed and characterized to provide higher classification and detection of objects in obscured environments with potential applications for forest canopy mapping, pollution monitoring of waterways.
The association of fitness and body mass index (BMI) on all-cause mortality in cancer survivors: The Henry Ford Exercise Testing Project (The FIT Project).

7060Background: The obesity paradox –i.e. inverse associations between body mass index (BMI) and mortality – has been reported in patients with cancer, heart failure, and diabetes. However, the inf...
Application of syndromic surveillance in the emergency events

Objective To evaluate syndromic surveillance effect in the emergency events, nethod We collected data from doctors using outpatient registers in the temporary settlements. Analysis, interpretation and dissemination of data were implemented daily by designated medical personnel of local CDC. symptoms were categorized in 4 clusters including respiratory symptoms(cough, angina, sniveling), gastrointestinal symptoms(diarrhea, nausea, vomiting), fever symptoms(T≥37.3 ℃ ) and miscellaneous symptoms( dizziness, headache, nerveless and other symptoms ). Specimens of suspect case were collected for laboratory confirmation. Results Overall, 73% outpatients were identified, included 44% respiratory symptoms, 9% gastrointestinal symptoms, 1% fever symptoms, 46% miscellaneous symptoms, 21% outpatients were 60 years old and above. The sex ratio is 0.76:1. Remove miscellaneous symptoms, respiratoryend gas trointesfinalend fever symptoms were totally 4380 capita and the peak of prevalence rate occurred at 30th March and 3rd April. One suspect measles case was reported on 29th, blood specimen were tested, and confirmed nettle rash and avoided inoculation of measles. 71 fever (T≥37.3 ℃ )patients were detected including 8 high fever patient(T≥39 ℃ ). An outbreak of suspicious acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis(AHC)was detected and all of 21 cases were investigated, and confirmed acute eye irritation caused by hydrogen sulfide. Conclusions Syndromic surveillance enables us to show the trend quickly and it can be carried out with smaller costs. Syndromic surveillance is effective in the emergency events. It should be considered to apply at similar events. Key words: Infectious diseases; Syndromic surveillance; Outbreak
Christmas Trees, Presidents, and Mass Shootings: Explaining Gun Purchases in the South and Non-South

Objective This article explores the factors that influence gun purchases in the United States with particular attention to regional differences between the South and non‐South. Methods We use data collected by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Instant Criminal Background Check System to conduct a time‐series cross‐sectional analysis of monthly firearm background checks, a proxy for gun purchases, in each state from January 1999 to May 2020. Results Throughout the data series, average gun purchases in the South dwarf those in the non‐South. Spikes in gun sales are positively associated with Democratic presidencies, Christmas holidays, mass shootings, and news coverage of mass shootings. Gun purchases have also spiked nationwide in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic, though most notably in the South. Conclusion Our findings speak to the powerful role fear plays in motivating gun purchases, the magnitude of political polarization in the United States, and the regional distinctiveness of the South.
Complex Effects of International Relations: Intended and Unintended Consequences of Human Actions in Middle East Conflicts: by Ofer Israeli. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press, 2020. 310 pp., $95.00 hardcover.

The title of this monograph gives an accurate summary of its contents. Its author is a native of Israel and a scholar of international relations whose goal is “to encourage learning of lessons aime...
Head Trauma in a Community-Based Sample of Victims of Intimate Partner Violence: Prevalence, Mechanisms of Injury and Symptom Presentation:

Objective.The present study aimed to explore the prevalence of subconcussive head trauma, traumatic brain injury (TBI), potential hypoxic events, and hypoxic brain injury (HBI) in victims of physic...
Aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors promote DNA damage in ovarian cancer and synergize with ATM/ATR inhibitors

Rationale: Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) enzymes are often upregulated in cancer cells and associated with therapeutic resistance. ALDH enzymes protect cells by metabolizing toxic aldehydes which can induce DNA double stand breaks (DSB). We recently identified a novel ALDH1A family inhibitor (ALDHi), 673A. We hypothesized that 673A, via inhibition of ALDH1A family members, could induce intracellular accumulation of genotoxic aldehydes to cause DSB and that ALDHi could synergize with inhibitors of the ATM and ATR, proteins which direct DSB repair. Methods: We used immunofluorescence to directly assess levels of the aldehyde 4-hydroxynonenal and comet assays to evaluate DSB. Western blot was used to evaluate activation of the DNA damage response pathways. Cell counts were performed in the presence of 673A and additional aldehydes or aldehyde scavengers. ALDH inhibition results were confirmed using ALDH1A3 CRISPR knockout. Synergy between 673A and ATM or ATR inhibitors was evaluated using the Chou-Talalay method and confirmed in vivo using cell line xenograft tumor studies. Results: The ALDHi 673A cellular accumulation of toxic aldehydes which induce DNA double strand breaks. This is exacerbated by addition of exogenous aldehydes such as vitamin-A (retinaldehyde) and ameliorated by aldehyde scavengers such as metformin and hydralazine. Importantly, ALDH1A3 knockout cells demonstrated increased sensitivity to ATM/ATR inhibitors. And, ALDHi synergized with inhibitors of ATM and ATR, master regulators of the DSB DNA damage response, both in vitro and in vivo. This synergy was evident in homologous recombination (HR) proficient cell lines. Conclusions: ALDHi can be used to induce DNA DSB in cancer cells and synergize with inhibitors the ATM/ATR pathway. Our data suggest a novel therapeutic approach to target HR proficient ovarian cancer cells.