cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary fish oil on intestinal adaptation in 20-day-old weanling rats after massive ileocecal resection.

Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) seem to be the most trophic macronutrients in inducing intestinal adaptation in adult short bowel syndrome (SBS), although their effects on intestinal adaptation in infants with SBS remain unknown. It is hypothesized that a high fat diet enriched with n-3 LCPUFA derived from fish oil (FO) will increase intestinal adaptation compared with a diet dominated by n-6 PUFA from corn oil (CO) in weanling SBS rats after massive ileocecal resection (ICR). Twenty-day-old rats were sorted into four groups, CO-sham, FO-sham, CO-ICR, and FO-ICR groups, and fed ad lib with the CO or FO diet, respectively, for 7 d after sham or ICR surgery. Compared with CO-ICR rats, FO-ICR rats consumed less diet per gram of weight gain, had less diarrhea and fecal fat excretion, and demonstrated a tendency toward better weight gain. The mucosal mass, DNA and RNA levels of the colon and RNA levels of the distal jejunum, and the colonic mucosal area (%) were significantly higher in FO-ICR rats than in CO-ICR rats. These results suggest that the beneficial effect of dietary FO is associated with better adaptation in the colon in weanling rats after ICR.
Syncope in patients with pulmonary embolism.

A review of 132 consecutive cases of acute pulmonary embolism (PE) documented by pulmonary angiography indicated that syncope was the initial or predominant clinical feature in 17 (13%). When massive PE causes syncope in a nonhospitalized patient, the diagnosis of PE is frequently overlooked. Hypotension after PE may resolve spontaneously after a short interval. In this circumstance, the syncopal episode might easily be attributed to another cause. The appropriate diagnosis can be established only if other clues, suggestive of PE, are sought. Both arterial blood gas determinations and pulmonary scintigraphy are helpful in making this diagnosis. (JAMA238:2509-2511, 1977)
The Windsor Locks, Connecticut Tornado of 3 October 1979: An Analysis of an Intermittent Severe Weather Event

Abstract On 3 October 1979 a violent F4 tornado struck without warning at Windsor Locks, Connecticut just before 1900 UTC. It was the most destructive storm ever to occur in Connecticut. Our case study of the storm was motivated by the rarity of tornadoes in Connecticut and the unfavorable time of the year for such storms in New England. The history of the storm is traced by means of synoptic and subsynoptic scale analyses. Vigorous midtropospheric ascent occurred just in advance of a cold-core cutoff vortex that was opening up due to synoptic scale deformation while moving northeastward toward southern New England. The probable destabilization mechanism was the intersection of the northeastward moving pocket of cool air aloft with a tongue of high equivalent potential temperature surface air that originated over the relatively warm ocean water and was channeled northward through the Connecticut River Valley. The convective cell that eventually became associated with the Windsor Locks tornado was detected...
Influence of glutathione oxidation and pH on thermal formation of Maillard-type volatile compounds

The Maillard-type volatile compounds obtained from the reaction of glutathione and glucose were mainly furans, carbonyl compounds, and sulfur-containing compounds including thiophenes, thiazoles, and cyclic polysulfides. Both pH 8.0 and 6.0 were favorable conditions for sulfur-containing compound formation, whereas acidic conditions were favorable for furan and derivative formation. The reaction between glutathionesulfonic acid, an oxidized form of glutathione, and glucose primarily produced furans, carbonyl compounds, pyrazines, and pyrroles. Furans dominated the products obtained from the reactions at pH 6.0 and 8.0. Pyrazines increased as the reaction pH increased. The disappearance of sulfur-containing compounds in the products of glutathionesulfonic acid and glucose reaction systems indicated glutathionesulfonic acid could not provide hydrogen sulfide for the reaction. Keywords: Glutathione; glutathionesulfonic acid; sulfur-containing; oxidation; pH
Mesoscale Spatial Variability in Midwestern Precipitation

Abstract Data from four dense raingage networks operated for periods of 7–12yr on areas of 10–550 mi2 in Illinois were used to determine the spatial relative variability of storm, monthly, and extended period precipitation in a continental climate typical of midwestern United States. The relation of storm variability to areal mean precipitation, storm duration, precipitation type, synoptic weather type, season, and size of sampling area was investigated. Storm variability was found to be related exponentially to areal mean precipitation and the relationship was improved only slightly by the addition of storm duration. The storm variability increases with increasing area and is substantially greater with unstable types of precipitation (TRW, RW) than with steady types (R, S). Synoptically, the highest values were obtained with air mass storms and the lowest with low center precipitation. Great interstorm variability was found under apparently similar storm conditions. Monthly precipitation variability is g...
Behavioral responses of a sand-beach amphipod to light and pressure

Abstract Light-oriented responses of the sand-beach amphipod Synchelidium micropleon (Barnard) in an optical arrangement that simulated the natural underwater angular light distribution were compared with previous measurements upon stimulation with a highly directional light source. Since positive and negative phototaxis occurred in both situations, phototaxis is not a laboratory artifact and will occur in nature. During rising tide amphipods move up the beach at the leading edge of the wave uprush zone. Maintenance of this position during the day results from an interaction of behavioral responses to light and hydrostatic pressure. The sequence of events is that a wave passing over the buried amphipods causes an increase in pressure, which evokes a negative geotaxis, and the animals exit from the sand. The increase in light intensity upon leaving the sand evokes an initial ascent into the wave due to positive phototaxis. This response reverses to negative within a few seconds, and the animals reenter the sand before they are swept back down the beach. The magnitudes of the increases in light intensity and pressure regulate the time until the reversal. This phototactic sequence can reoccur if upon entering the sand the animals are exposed to light levels below the lower threshold for phototaxis for at least 1 s. Reburrowing in the sand to a depth of about 7 mm will reset responsiveness. In this state, the animals are ready to ride the next wave up the beach and remain at the leading edge of the wave uprush.
Traditional averaging of NMR parameters in the fast exchange limit is valid

Abstract Weitekamp and co-workers have recently questioned the traditional method of averaging NMR parameters such as chemical shifts and coupling constants in the fast exchange limit because this method neglects spin energies. They have presented an alternative averaging method in which the spin energies are included in a equilibrium statistical mechanics treatment. We believe that this alternative method is not applicable to resonant measurements, such as NMR, and show that it is not in agreement with certain extant experimental data. We point out that the traditional method is correct in its neglect of spin energies and show that it is in agreement with these experimental data.
Immunoglobulin G fractions from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies cause fetal death in BALB/c mice: a model for autoimmune fetal loss.

We determined whether purified immunoglobulin G from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies causes fetal loss in pregnant mice. Sera were obtained from nonpregnant parous women (group 1) and nonpregnant women with antiphospholipid antibodies and a history of fetal loss (group 2). Pregnant BALB/c mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of 15 mg of IgG on day 8 of pregnancy. Typically, mice treated with IgG from anti phospholipid antibodies aborted within 48 hours. When animals were sacrificed on days 9 to 15, the uterus of each animal was inspected for the presence of live, dead, or resorbing fetuses. In contrast to mice injected with control IgG or saline solution, each mouse injected with IgG from anti phospholipid antibodies aborted and no live fetuses were found ( p
Resonance and conjugation—II Factors determining bond lengths and heats of formation☆

Abstract Two previous papers presented interim reports of an investigation into the importance of resonance in conjugated systems. Further work has confirmed our earlier conclusions that resonance effects are unimportant in classical molecules, the bond lengths in them being determined by the state of hybridization of carbon; that the observed stabilization of such molecules is due to changes in bond energy with hybridization rather than to resonance; and that resonance stabilization plays a surprisingly small role even in benzene. A calculation is described which, starting from very limited experimental data, provides values for several CC bond lengths (ethylene, benzene, graphite) which agree excellently with experiment, a value for the sp 2 - sp 2 CC bond length which agrees well with the value found in butadiene, diphenyl, etc., and a set of bond energies for CC and CH bonds of various types. Heats of formation for a number of hydrocarbons are calculated from these bond energies and compared with experiment. Agreement is excellent for paraffins, olefines, and acetylenes, confirming the lack of hyperconjugative stabilization in the latter. Deviations in cycloparaffins are ascribed to conformational effects (CHCH dipole repulsions). Butadiene shows an apparent resonance energy of 2 kcal/mole, less than a quarter of the stabilization energy; reasons are given for believing even this value to be much too large. The lack of resonance in butadiene is confirmed by a MO calculation of its effect on the bond lengths. When allowance is made for the effect of σ-bond compression, the resonance energy of benzene is found to be only about 10 kcal/mole, less than a quarter of the stabilization energy. Previous ideas concerning the importance of electron correlation in conjugated systems are clarified: it is shown that the neglect of such correlation invalidates existing methods of calculation, particularly in the case of classical molecules, and a method is suggested whereby such correlation effects might be taken into account. The significance of resonance theory is discussed. Various criticisms made by Mulliken in a recent paper are shown to be unjustified.
Anger behavioral competence in anger-prone individuals

Anger-prone and non-anger-prone research participants completed a modified role-play to assess their anger-management strategies. Peer judges rated their responses in terms of competency variables: appropriateness, effectiveness, anger display, and effects on others. Results indicated that anger-prone individuals reported less appropriate and less effective anger-management strategies that had a higher amount of anger displayed and a more negative effect on other people. There were significant interactions between situation type and gender for all dependent variables. Women reported more appropriate and more effective behavior in roommate situations than men. Men and women were perceived as displaying more anger associated with more negative effects on others in romantic partner and roommate situations than in family, friend, and school situations. Implications and assumptions of a proposed “competence approach” to conceptualizing anger behavior are discussed.
Implementing aggregation and broadcast over Distributed Hash Tables

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks represent an effective way to share information, since there are no central points of failure or bottleneck. However, the flip side to the distributive nature of P2P networks is that it is not trivial to aggregate and broadcast global information efficiently. We believe that this aggregation/broadcast functionality is a fundamental service that should be layered over existing Distributed Hash Tables (DHTs), and in this work, we design a novel algorithm for this purpose. Specifically, we build an aggregation/broadcast tree in a bottom-up fashion by mapping nodes to their parents in the tree with a parent function. The particular parent function family we propose allows the efficient construction of multiple interior-node-disjoint trees, thus preventing single points of failure in tree structures. In this way, we provide DHTs with an ability to collect and disseminate information efficiently on a global scale. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm is efficient and robust.
Th1-Th17 cells contribute to the development of uropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced chronic pelvic pain.

The etiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men is unknown but may involve microbes and autoimmune mechanisms. We developed an infection model of chronic pelvic pain in NOD/ShiLtJ (NOD) mice with a clinical Escherichia coli isolate (CP-1) from a patient with chronic pelvic pain. We investigated pain mechanisms in NOD mice and compared it to C57BL/6 (B6) mice, a strain resistant to CP-1-induced pain. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells, but not serum, from CP-1-infected NOD mice was sufficient to induce chronic pelvic pain. CD4+ T cells in CP-1-infected NOD mice expressed IFN-γ and IL-17A but not IL-4, consistent with a Th1/Th17 immune signature. Adoptive transfer of ex-vivo expanded IFN-γ or IL-17A-expressing cells was sufficient to induce pelvic pain in naive NOD recipients. Pelvic pain was not abolished in NOD-IFN-γ-KO mice but was associated with an enhanced IL-17A immune response to CP1 infection. These findings demonstrate a novel role for Th1 and Th17-mediated adaptive immune mechanisms in chronic pelvic pain.
Manager and Staff: A Business Communication Course Goes Live!

Business commuication courses often ignore the critical context in which writing and oral presentation occurs in organizations. A course format is presented that simulates the relationship between manager and staff members during communication activities. Interviews match students, renegotiation sessions structure feedback, and groups shift for business tasks. Student role evaluations from this pilot course point toward future course expansion. Ideas and simulations are adaptable for any organizational communication course.
Determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols

Details are given for the determination of the enantiomeric composition of several insect pheromone alcohols. The two methods used in the determination were: formation of the derivative with (+)-α-methoxy-α-trifluoromethylphenylacetyl chloride and the use of chiral lanthanide shift reagents. The five alcohols studied and their enantiomeric compositions are: sulcatol fromGnathotrichus sulcatus 65∶35 (+)/(−),trans-verbenol fromDendroctonus frontalis 60∶40 (+)/(−), 4-methyl-3-heptanol fromScolytus multistriatus 100% (−), seudenol fromDendroctonus pseudotsugae 50∶50 (+)/(−), and ipsdienol fromIps pini (Idaho) 100% (−). Determinations were done on 50–500 μg substrate.
Level cut Gaussian random field models for transitions from laminar to turbulent flow

Abstract Herein, we develop a model for phenomena characterized by random fluctuations between one of two states; these two states can be interpreted as “off” and “on” or 0 and 1. Random phenomena of this type are abundant in nature and can exhibit temporal and/or spatial dependence. For example, the arrival of customers in a queue or vehicles at an intersection are examples of time-dependent random fluctuations, while the presence of random imperfections within material microstructure exhibits spatial dependence. Further, the transition from laminar to turbulent flow over the surface of a structure is believed to involve random fluctuations between laminar and turbulent flow in both time and space. The proposed model is a random field with piecewise constant samples defined by cuts of a Gaussian random field that exceed a specified level set and can be used to model temporally and spatially varying random fluctuations between one of two states. The model can be calibrated to available information, which we assume consists of (1) the marginal probability that the state of the system is “on” and (2) the average number and density of fluctuations between states that occur within a bounded region. Numerous examples are considered to illustrate the calibration of the level cut Gaussian random field to represent these time and spatially varying random fluctuations, including the formation and propagation of localized bursts of turbulent flow over the surface of a flat plate.
Inhibition of neural crest cell differentiation by embryo ectodermal extract.

The white mutation in Mexican axolotls has long been thought to be a defect associated with the embryonic extracellular environment, but not with embryonic neural crest cells. Thus it was believed that pigment cells in white axolotls disappear from the skin during early development, not because they are intrinsically defective but because they have no choice but to move into an unfavorable environment. We present evidence to suggest that: (1) white neural crest cells are in fact intrinsically different from dark (wild-type) cells, and (2) an inhibitor is produced in white embryonic ectoderm that actively suppresses the migration, differentiation, and survival of pigment cells in this animal. How these observations fit into the existing body of literature on the white mutant and a model for how the white phenotype might develop are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Machine Learning for Nanomaterial Toxicity Risk Assessment

Many questions about the mechanisms of nanomaterial toxicity are unanswered and an applicable general theory of nanomaterial toxicity doesn't seem to be on the horizon. To help with this problem, the authors use machine learning algorithms with quantitative analytical capabilities in a meta-analysis of carbon nanotube pulmonary toxicity studies. Such analyses can identify the material varieties most likely to be the riskiest and guide future development towards those most likely to pose the least risk.
Immobilization of enzymes on clays and soils

Abstract Various enzymes such as glucose oxidase, β- d -glucosidase, acid phosphatase. tyrosinase and laccases were immobilized on clays and soils activated with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde. After immobilization the enzymes retained a large amount of their original activities. The retention of laccase activity increased with the increase of clay content in soils, whereas the activity of β- d -glucosidase, tyrosinase and acid phosphatase decreased. The immobilized enzymes showed varying degrees of resistance to proteolysis and storage at high temperatures. After addition to soil suspensions, soluble laccase and glucose oxidase were rapidly inactivated (100 and 85% loss of activity in 15 days for laccase and glucose oxidase, respectively) whereas after immobilization, these enzymes were extraordinarily stable (12 and 25% loss of activity in 15 days for laccase and glucose oxidase, respectively). The possibility of incorporating the stabilized enzymes into soil for the improvement of numerous desired biochemical processes is discussed.
Estrogen increases β-adrenergic binding in the preterm fetal rabbit lung

Abstract Tritium-labeled dihydroalprenolol was used to quantify β-adrenergic-receptor sites in day 28 fetal rabbit lung tissue. Each of the amniotic sacs of pregnant New Zealand White rabbits on day 26 of gestation was injected in vivo with estrogen (estradiol phosphate, 1.6 μg) in one horn and normal saline solution in the contralateral one. The animals were put to death 48 hours later and the fetal lung tissues were assayed. Estrogen increased the number of β-adrenergic-receptor sites in the treatment group compared to the control group (216 versus 163 fmol/mg of protein, p t test). In the presence of estrogen, β-adrenergic-receptor activity is enhanced in the preterm fetal rabbit. This effect may be implicated in the β-adrenergic mediation of phospholipid synthesis and release in fetal alveolar cells.
Dynamic molecular structure and phase diagram of DPPC-cholesterol binary mixtures: a 2D-ELDOR study.

This paper is an application of 2D electron−electron double resonance (2D-ELDOR) with the “full Sc− method” to study model membranes. We obtain and confirm the phase diagram of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerophosphatidylcholine (DPPC)−cholesterol binary mixtures versus temperature and provide quantitative descriptions for its dynamic molecular structure using 2D-ELDOR at the Ku band. The spectra from the end-chain 16-PC spin label in multilamellar phospholipid vesicles are obtained for cholesterol molar concentrations ranging from 0 to 50% and from 25 to 60 °C. This phase diagram consists of liquid-ordered, liquid-disordered, and gel phases and phase coexistence regions. The phase diagram is carefully examined according to the spectroscopic evidence, and the rigorous interpretation for the line shape changes. We show that the 2D-ELDOR spectra differ markedly with variation in the composition. The extensive line shape changes in the 2D-plus-mixing-time representation provide useful information to define and cha...
Non‐metric skeletal age changes in the Darajani baboon

Dental attrition, cranial suture closure, and epiphyseal union are compared as indicators of relative age in baboons, Papio cynocephalus (Linnaeus, 1776). Tooth destruction from wear is extreme. Such destruction is certainly a factor of vital importance to feral baboons and may limit life span. As cusps wear away, they form selenes of dentine and enamel which are effective grinding surfaces. In conditions of extreme wear, functional fourth molars may be quite beneficial. Vault sutures of females remain active longer than those of males. In contrast, most other cranial sutures and sites of epiphyseal activity mature earlier in the female than in males. Attrition scores in this sample are as useful as assessments of closure or epiphyseal union to determine the relative position of an individual in an age sequence. The most reliable estimates rely on all three sources.
Pleomorphic basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid with true ductular differentiation.

While basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common eyelid malignancy (in a report of 5,504 excised eyelid tumors it represented 14% of all lesions and 86% of cancers [1]), there are many architectural and cytologic variants that have yet to be described in this site, such as fibroepitheliomatous, granular and clear cell tumors [2]. We report an eyelid pleomorphic BCC (pBCC) with giant or “monster” cells [3] that additionally manifested true ductular structures. Pleomorphic BCC has never before been reported in the eyelid; this tumor is furthermore unique, because it is the first pBCC to be documented to display coexisting ductular differentiation, which has not yet been described in the dermatopathologic literature [3]. Care must be taken to distinguish the current neoplasm from more serious eyelid squamous cell, adnexal and metastatic carcinomas [4].
Analysis of indolylfulgide spectral properties using time dependent density functional theory

Abstract An analysis of absorbance maxima of 10 indolylfulgides (open and closed isomeric forms) by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) is presented. Ground state structures were examined using density functional theory (DFT), using five different functionals. TD-DFT was applied to each structure using four different functionals and the theoretical calculations were compared to experimental data. Comparison of these data was used to determine which functional best describes the ground and excitation energies of the investigated indolylfulgides. Overall we found that by using TD-M06//M06, the vertical excitation energy could be determined within ±0.058 eV (±11 nm).
Long-Term Phosphorus Assimilative Capacity in Freshwater Wetlands: A New Paradigm for Sustaining Ecosystem Structure and Function

Statistical analysis of a North American Wetland Database (NAWDB) allowed us to develop a mass loading model that was used to separate P assimilative capacity (defined as P absorption with no significant ecosystem change and no elevated P output) from storage capacity (maximum storage) in wetlands. Our analysis indicates that, given ample supplies of other nutrients, average P assimilative capacity (PAC) in North American wetlands is near 1 g m-2 yr-1. From this analysis, we proposed a “One Gram Assimilative Capacity Rule” for P loadings within natural freshwater wetlands if long-term storage of P, maintenance of community structure and function, and low P effluent concentrations are required. An Everglades test site supports our hypothesis that natural wetlands will lose native species, become P saturated in a few years, and export unacceptable amounts of phosphate when phosphorus loading exceeds PAC. Moreover, our findings clearly demonstrate that even P-limited wetlands have the capacity to assimilate ...
How Values Congeal into Facts

The paper plays against the philosophical stereotype that facts are bits of reality, ‘furniture of the universe’, and that values in contrast are either mysterious bits of reality or responses to facts. It follows Strawson in regarding facts as interpretative constructs. Values also are interpretative constructs, characterized by a normal (but not universal) connection with motivations. So is there a deep difference? There is a sense of ‘facts’, marked by phrases such as ‘Stick to the facts’, in which the interpretative element embedded in a ‘fact’ is uncontentious and would be invisible to most people. The interpretative element in values, in contrast, usually is very noticeable. But values in which this element comes to be uncontentious and taken for granted congeal into facts.
Vitamin D for your patients with chronic hepatitis C

Vitamin D is increasingly becoming recognized as an important physiological regulator with pleiotropic functions outside of its classical role in skeletal homeostasis. A growing body of clinical evidence highlights the prevalence and risks of vitamin D deficiency in patients suffering from chronic hepatitis C infection, and vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as an adjunct to current standards of care. This review considers the experimental evidence for the anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic and antiviral effects of vitamin D, and discusses the therapeutic potential of vitamin D supplementation to protect against liver disease progression and improve responses to treatment.
Livestock, Deforestation, and Policy Making: Intensification of Cattle Production Systems in Central America Revisited

Abstract Objectives were to analyze arguments that extensive cattle production causes deforestation in Central America and to evaluate trade-offs among policy objectives implied by intensification of cattle production. Intensification of cattle systems is unlikely to alter dramatically the deforestation rates in Central America because consumer demand for livestock products is not the principal factor motivating most migration to forest areas. Rather, many migrants are from resource-poor households and are seeking survival at the forest margin. Policies to slow deforestation need to improve economic opportunities for the rural poor and to promote sustainable agricultural land use through technologies that farmers will adopt. Policies to promote intensification need to recognize the role of existing extensive cattle systems, the technical limitations and opportunities that are associated with different types of intensification, and the trade-offs between objectives of producers and policy makers. Depending on the policy trade-offs, intensification of existing production systems, such as the dual purpose system, may be preferable to substitution of specialized technologies from temperate countries. More information is required about production possibilities, social impacts, and the trade-offs among various strata of farmers and consumers to formulate better livestock policies for Central America.
The Influence of Socioeconomic Status, Home Environment, and Childcare on Child Language Abilities

The present study investigates the relationship between socioeconomic status, home environment, and amount of childcare on language of three-, four-, and five-year-old children. This study also develops a parental report measure of home environment. Results confirm the positive relationship between language and socioeconomic status. Findings on the positive relationship between language and home environment, as measured with the new Home Environment Questionnaire, are consistent with previous research using exhaustive observational and interview measures. Furthermore, results show hours per week of childcare are not related to language after controlling for socioeconomic status and home environment. This study confirms validity of the new Home Environment Questionnaire offering an alternative to measuring home environment which may suit a wider range of study circumstances. This new tool will allow researchers to better understand the positive and negative influences on children’s development.
Outcome Following Symptomatic Cerebral Vasospasm on Presentation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: Coiling vs. Clipping

Background Cerebral vasospasm complicates both surgical and endovascular treatment of ruptured aneurysms. The present study analyzes patients with presentation vasospasm (PVSP) treated in the acute setting and compares outcomes in those treated with surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling. Methods Data from 600 aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) patients who were admitted to the University of Illinois Medical Center in Chicago between June 2002 and July 2007 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with clinical vasospasm on presentation were compared with patients who developed delayed vasospasm during hospitalization. Subgroup analysis compared outcomes in patients with vasospasm on presentation treated with surgical clipping versus endovascular coiling. Results Of the 600 aSAH patients, 30 (5%) patients presented with symptomatic vasospasm (PVSP) confirmed by cerebral angiography and 179 (30%) patients were diagnosed with symptomatic vasospasm following admission (delayed vasospasm after admission [DVSP]). Patients admitted with vasospasm showed longer latency to admission after the rupture (5.5 vs. 1.5 day, P ≤ 0.001) but comparable latency to onset of symptomatic vasospasm after rupture. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to unfavorable outcome (modified Rankin Scale score > 3), death, or stroke. Therefore, aneurysm treatment during the vasospasm period did not result in increased morbidity in those patients. Within the subgroup of patients presenting with vasospasm on admission, there was no significant difference in outcome between patients who were treated with clipping versus coiling. Conclusions Outcome did not differ between aSAH patients treated in the presence of symptomatic vasospasm compared to those with subsequent vasospasm. The outcome of patients presenting with vasospasm was not influenced by the modality of aneurysm treatment. This suggests that both surgical and endovascular intervention for the treatment of ruptured aneurysms are equally valid options in the setting of existing symptomatic vasospasm.
Common variable immunodeficiency in horses is characterized by B cell depletion in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues.

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) in horse patients is characterized by late-onset B cell lymphopenia or depletion, hypo- or agammaglobulinemia, impaired humoral response to tetanus toxoid vaccination, and recurrent fevers and bacterial infections. This study describes the clinical and immunologic findings of 14 affected horses (average age 10.7 ± 4.4 years) of both genders (six females, eight males) and different breeds (eight Thoroughbreds, four Quarter Horses, one Warmblood, one Pony). Serial immunological testing in peripheral blood revealed persistent, severe B cell lymphopenia (mean 1.3 ± 2.3% positive cells) in all patients. Serum IgG (range <200 to 800 mg/dL) and IgM (≤25.0 mg/dL) deficiency was common to all horses. Serum IgA concentrations declined with time. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed absence of lymphoid follicles and B cells in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues. CVID is a cause of recurrent pneumonia, septicemia, and meningitis in adult horses and has a grave prognosis for clinical management and survival.
Analysing the Ethiopian revolution: a cautionary tale

The fascinating events of the Ethiopian revolution have led to an explosion of papers, articles, and books.1 However, only a few studies published since 1974 are underpinned with original field work. Most are based largely on combinations of deductive logic and newspaper reports, discussions with foreign-service officers, interviews with political exiles and academic visitors, and close reading of officially released government documents. Such methodological approaches have a rational, factual content which should be approached with caution, for lack of access to data may lead to the reification of incorrect facts by subsequent authors who footnote the reports of others. Since there is increasing evidence that Ethiopia will be closed to field research for some time, and that academic involution will occur as scholars convince themselves of the
Parental Perceptions of Characteristics of Non-Parental Child Care: Belief Dimensions, Family and Child Correlates

Investigators argue that it is essential to consider why parents select non-parental child care arrangements in studying the effects of that care on a child’s development. Existing investigations explore family economic and demographic characteristics as determinants of child care choice. The present investigation examined a wide array of parents’ beliefs about characteristics of child care arrangements with the goal of determining if these could be reduced to coherent dimensions. The emergent belief sets were examined in relation to maternal and child characteristics as potential correlates. Two hundred and twenty respondents with children in non-parental care completed surveys. These individuals represent diverse ethnic and economic groups. Ratings of the importance of characteristics were factor analyzed resulting in a six factor solution: Practical Concerns, Institutional Structure, Curriculum, Scheduling, Child Centered Orientation and School Readiness. The latter factor, or program components promoting social skills and classroom behaviors associated with succeeding in school, was identified as the most important dimension. Parents describing their children as more difficult temperamentally and as less developmentally advanced tended to describe school readiness and curriculum issues as less important. Child characteristics accounted for unique variance above and beyond mothers’ characteristics in predicting to parental beliefs. Results suggest that parents as consumers possess coherent belief sets and are sensitive to children’s developmental needs in evaluating care arrangements.
The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility on Employee Salary Requirements and Performance

Through two field experiments implemented in online labor marketplaces, this paper provides causal empirical support of the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on employee salary requir...
Electron-spin-resonance-transient spectroscopy.

This paper describes a method for systematically obtaining distributions of annealing and/or creation energies, tunneling distances, and trap depths for specific defect populations from electron-spin-resonance (ESR) transients. The method of analysis, specifically adapted to the constraints imposed by ESR, is presented for obtaining defect distributions from a few transients using time-dependent temperature variations. Specific important cases, numerical examples, and application to actual data are examined. A brief discussion of the experimental methods required to obtain the ESR transients with sufficient sensitivity are described. Finally, issues of resolution and noise, comparison to other transient analysis methods, and possible extensions are presented. A detailed discussion of the application of the method to hydrogenated amorphous silicon is presented in the following paper.
Are changes in semantic and structural information sufficient for oculomotor capture

The abrupt onset of objects often involuntarily captures attention (J. Jonides & S. Yantis, 1988) and the eyes (J. Theeuwes, A. F. Kramer, S. Hahn, & D. Irwin, 1998). The new-object hypothesis proposes that the appearance of something new (new semantic and structural information and/or spatiotemporal newness), not the accompanying low-level perceptual transients, causes an involuntary reorienting of attention (S. Yantis & A. P. Hillstrom, 1994). We investigated whether semantic and structural changes alone are sufficient to capture the eyes as strongly as abrupt onsets do. Observers moved their eyes to a target object while another object either onset or smoothly and quickly morphed. If semantic and structural changes are sufficient to capture the eyes, morphs should capture the eyes as strongly as onsets do. Results show that morphs were not fixated first as often as onsets. These findings indicate that new semantic and structural information alone is far less effective at capturing the eyes as onsets.
Computing the connes spectrum of a Hopf algebra

LetH be a finite-dimensional Hopf algebra over the fieldK and letA be anH-module algebra. In a previous paper, we defined the Connes spectrum CS(A, H) for the action ofH onA to be a certain subset of the set Irr(H) of irreducible representations ofH. In this paper, we compute a number of examples; specifically, we consider certain inner and outer actions and we take a closer look at the cocommutative situation. We discover that the information encoded in the Connes spectrum is rather subtle and elusive.
Phototransduction in cones: An inverse problem in enzyme kinetics

Phototransduction is a process which links the absorption of photons by a rod or cone to the modulation of voltage across the cell membrane. An important feature of many vertebrate photoreceptors is a mechanism that adjusts the sensitivity and dynamics of the response to light according to the level of illumination. We construct a system of ordinary differential equations that models what are currently thought to be the important molecule mechanisms involved in phototransduction: this includes consideration of both intracellular enzyme kinetics and the properties of light-insensitive and light-sensitive conductances in the cone membrane. The system contains negative feedback whose functional form is determined by constraining the steady-state behaviour of the system. Despite the highly nonlinear nature of the system of ordinary differential equations, our methods permit us to derive an analytic expression for the first-order frequency response parametric in the steady-state value of only one dynamic variable, the light input. Various unknown kinetic parameters are found by fitting the model to experimental data on the first-order frequency response of cones measured at several mean light levels spanning a range of four log units. Good fits are obtained to the data, and the computed shape of the feedback function agrees qualitatively with recent experiment. Moreover, the model accounts for the dramatic speeding up of the response kinetics and the decrease in response gain with increasing light level.
Productive Engagement of Older Adults: International Research, Practice, and Policy Introduction

By the year 2050, most countries around the globe (with the exception of many in Africa) will have populations where more than 20 % of the people are over the age of 65 years; and there will be more people over the age of 60 than under the age of 15 years. Life expectancy in many developed countries is now approaching 80 years and continues to rise. The developing countries are aging at an extremely rapid rate—these countries are getting old before they are getting rich. The age group of 80-and-older is the fastest growing group in the world. Fertility rates continue to drop and by 2020, the global fertility rate will dip below the global replacement rate for the first time (Longman 2010). The trends create huge challenges to societies faced with providing economic support and health care to the growing older population, while the younger population is growing more slowly. The concept of productive aging, or the productive engagement of older adults, has been offered as part of the solution to population aging (MorrowHowell et al. 2001). From this perspective, the successes of population aging are highlighted—the growing capacity of older adults in terms of health and education and the possibility for the first time in human history for people to stay productively engaged in life until their 7th, 8th, even 9th decade. The growing capacity of the older population has not been fully recognized; and it certainly has not been maximally utilized to offset the demands of the changing demographics. Older adults have growing capacity for paid and unpaid work, as employees, volunteers, and caregivers.
Accurate rapid compact analog method for the quantification of frequency and duration of myocardial ischemia by semiautomated analysis of 24-hour Holter ECG recordings.

Abstract Although the semiautomated analysis of 24-hour Holter recordings is now widely used in the detection and quantitation of disorders of cardiac rhythm and conduction, there are still no comparable methods for routine clinical use for the detection of the frequency and duration of myocardial ischemic episodes in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Research methods available to detect ischemic ST-T wave changes depend on sophisticated computer systems, are ill-suited for clinical use, and are not readily validated. However, when Holter tape is replayed at 60 times real time on heat-sensitive paper recorder at slow speeds (3.3 to 10 cm/min), rapid compact analog representation of 24-hour recording can be compressed into 480 to 1440 cm of paper. By this method, the close juxtaposition of QRST complexes produces distinctive patterns; from these the frequency and duration of myocardial ischemic episodes can be identified promptly, accurately, and reproducibly. When combined with conventional Holter scanning assembly, the accuracy of detection can be validated continuously by intermittent printout of the abnormality and ventricular ectopy can be quantitated simultaneously. The analysis of a technically acceptable 24-hour recording can be accomplished in 24 to 40 minutes (at 60 times real time playback) by an experienced operator. The fast compact analog representation of two-channel 24-hour recordings permitted the reliable detection of ST segment elevation and depression, pseudonormalization of ST-T wave abnormality, T wave augmentation, AV block, ventricular tachycardia, and intermittent bundle branch blocks. The technique also allowed the relationship of chest pain to the onset of ischemia to be established. Holter recordings from 22 CAD patients known to have myocardial ischemic episodes were examined; 275 episodes with ST segment deviations were identified, 92 (33.5%) being associated with angina which developed 2 to 18 minutes after the onset of ischemia. The method of compact analog ECG signal recording proved considerably superior to ST segment trend plotting; our data indicate that when combined with intermittent printout of observed abnormalities, the technique is simple, rapid, and extremely accurate in identifying the frequency and duration of myocardial ischemia from two-channel 24-hour Holter recordings. It permits the use of Holter monitoring for the noninvasive detection of myocardial ischemic episodes in a manner analogous to the quantitation and drug-induced suppression of ventricular ectopy from continuous ECG recording.
Novel cycloaddition of tetrafluoroethylene to the tetrafluoroethylene radical anion at 95 K: direct observation by EPR studies

Abstract The novel cycloaddition reaction C 2 F − 4 + C 2 F 4 ⇁ c -C 4 F − 8 has been observed directly by EPR spectroscopy in organic glasses at 80–95 K. According to the frontier orbital theory, the concerted reaction is symmetry allowed irrespective of whether the interaction is SOMOLUMO or SOMOHOMO, the SOMO of C 2 F − 4 being the 5b 1u (σ*) orbital suggested by EPR studies. The assignment of C 2 F − 4 as a σ radical also suggests that a concerted [2 + 2] suprafacial mechanism should be considered for the thermal cycloaddition reaction between two neutral C 2 F 4 molecules.
Ranking valid topologies of the secondary structure elements using a constraint graph.

Electron cryo-microscopy is a fast advancing biophysical technique to derive three-dimensional structures of large protein complexes. Using this technique, many density maps have been generated at intermediate resolution such as 6–10 A resolution. Although it is challenging to derive the backbone of the protein directly from such density maps, secondary structure elements such as helices and β-sheets can be computationally detected. Our work in this paper provides an approach to enumerate the top-ranked possible topologies instead of enumerating the entire population of the topologies. This approach is particularly practical for large proteins. We developed a directed weighted graph, the topology graph, to represent the secondary structure assignment problem. We prove that the problem of finding the valid topology with the minimum cost is NP hard. We developed an O(N2 2N) dynamic programming algorithm to identify the topology with the minimum cost. The test of 15 proteins suggests that our dynamic programming approach is feasible to work with proteins of much larger size than we could before. The largest protein in the test contains 18 helical sticks detected from the density map out of 33 helices in the protein.
High glucose elevates c-fos and c-jun transcripts and proteins in mesangial cell cultures

It has been previously shown that rat glomerular mesangial cells synthesized increased amounts of fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen when grown in medium containing 30 mM glucose. High glucose exerted its effect at the mRNA level since transcripts for all three extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were similarly elevated. High glucose appeared to exert its effect on ECM mRNA levels through protein kinase C activation. Using quantitative reverse transcription (RT) PCR, we now report that mRNA levels for c-fos and c-jun were increased approximately twofold after treatment with high glucose. The fos levels were elevated 15 minutes after addition of high glucose and were maintained elevated through 30 minutes; by one hour mRNA levels for fos returned to control levels. c-jun, on the other hand, was increased at two hours and remained elevated at 24 and 48 hours. Fibronectin mRNA levels were increased three- to fourfold at 24 and 48 hours. Immunofluorescence studies with polyclonal antibodies to c-fos and c-jun revealed that high glucose treatment for four hours increased nuclear staining intensity two- to threefold for both proteins. Nuclear staining for fos returned to control levels by 24 hours while staining for jun remained elevated. These determinations were made on images obtained on a confocal laser scanning microscope. Thus, high glucose may effect gene expression of ECM proteins by elevating the transcription factors c-fos and c-jun which complex with one another to form activator protein 1 (AP-1).