cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Relational Systems Model: An Analysis of Gottman's Findings on Marital Success

ABSTRACT This paper reviews John Gottman's research on marriages through an overlay of the recently developed Relational Systems Model (RSM) by Ray Bardill. Gottman's findings, which identified three styles of marriages that sustain themselves over time and identified those actions that indicate the resolution of conflicts or the eventual ending of the marital relationship, can be interpreted by Bardill's RSM model. Such an interpretation can be made through the concepts of self-differentiation; the realities of self, other, context and spirituality; multigenerational transmission of values and beliefs; and emotionalized right/wrong. The RSM model effectively illuminates Gottman's work and develops additional categories for illustrating why people stay in or leave relationships. The introduction of the emotionalized right/wrong concept produces a self-regulating component for the individual and a self defining component for the family. In keeping with Gottman's research, the RSM model provides integration...
Electrogenic 2Na+/H+ Antiport in Echinoderm Gastrointestinal Epithelium

Purified brush-border membrane vesicles (BBMV) of starfish ( Pycnopodia helianthoides ) pyloric caecal epithelium were prepared by a magnesium precipitation technique in order to compare the properties of Na + /H + exchange in this invertebrate tissue with those of an apparently unique recently described crustacean electrogenic antiporter. In starfish BBMV 22 Na uptake was markedly enhanced by an outwardly directed pH gradient and membrane potential (inside negative) compared to control short-circuited vesicles. External amiloride abolished the stimulatory capacity of the proton gradient and membrane potential as driving forces for sodium transport. Sodium influx, in the presence of an outwardly directed proton gradient, was a sigmoidal function of [Na + ] o and yielded a Hill coefficient of 2.6, suggesting that more than one sodium ion was exchanged with each internal proton during the exchange event. Two additional findings were used to establish the number of external Na + binding sites and the transport stoichiometry of the starfish antiporter. First, amiloride acted as a competitive inhibitor of Na + binding to two external sites with markedly dissimilar apparent amiloride affinities ( K il =28 μmoll −1 ; K il =1650 μmoll −1 ). Second, a static head flux ratio analysis resulted in a 2Na + /H + exchange stoichiometry where a balance of driving forces (e.g. no net Na + flux) was attained with a combination of a 10:1 Na+ gradient and a 100:1 H + gradient. Results suggest that the electrogenic 2Na + /H + exchanger previously characterized for crustacean epithelia also occurs in echinoderm cells and may be a widely distributed invertebrate antiporter.
Boundary Temperature Control for Thermally Coupled Navier-Stokes Equations

In this paper the optimal control problem for the thermally coupled incompressible Navier-Stokes equations by the Dirichelet boundary temperature control is discussed. Well-posedness and existence of the optimal control for the finite-time horizon problem and optimal control problem for the stationary equations are established. Necessary optimality conditions are also obtained.
Chemically Modified Cyclodextrins as Catalytic Enzyme Mimics

β-Cyclodextrin was chemically modified with both primary rim caps and secondary rim iodosobenzoic acid catalytic moieties to explore the potential cooperativity of binding and catalysis effects to achieve the kind of synergy typical of natural enzymes. The ability of these enzyme mimics to scavenge pinacolyl methylphosphonofluoridate (soman) was tested. Synergism was seen in DIMEB analogs while dominance of the scavenging by the capping effect was seen with the biphenyldisulfonyl capped analogs.
Feedback, Lineages and Self-Organizing Morphogenesis

Feedback regulation of cell lineage progression plays an important role in tissue size homeostasis, but whether such feedback also plays an important role in tissue morphogenesis has yet to be explored. Here we use mathematical modeling to show that a particular feedback architecture in which both positive and negative diffusible signals act on stem and/or progenitor cells leads to the appearance of bistable or bi-modal growth behaviors, ultrasensitivity to external growth cues, local growth-driven budding, self-sustaining elongation, and the triggering of self-organization in the form of lamellar fingers. Such behaviors arise not through regulation of cell cycle speeds, but through the control of stem or progenitor self-renewal. Even though the spatial patterns that arise in this setting are the result of interactions between diffusible factors with antagonistic effects, morphogenesis is not the consequence of Turing-type instabilities.
Total performance: Jerome Rothenberg's ethnopoetic translations

Emerging in the 1960s, ethnopoetics sought to bridge the gap between ethnography and poetry in presenting indigenous oral literatures from around the world to contemporary US audiences. Jerome Rothenberg, a leading figure of the movement, developed a set of innovative translation techniques based on a perceived affinity between oral literature and the formal experiments of European and American avant-gardes. This paper discusses Rothenberg's search for universal forms and themes across widely divergent cultures and times, arguing that his translations of oral literature subvert the universalizing tendencies of his critical work and assert the irreducible difference of the source texts. They do so by emphasizing the moment of performance unique to each text. Rather than providing a transcript of a hypothetical performance, Rothenberg's translations enact a performance of their own with the use of avant-garde techniques adopted from concrete, visual and sound poetry.
Native American Identities: From Stereotype to Archetype in Art and Literature

Issues of identity and authenticity present perennial challenges to both Native Americans and critics of their art. Vickers examines the long history of dehumanizing depictions of Native Americans while discussing such purveyors of stereotypes as the Puritans, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Hollywood. These stereotypes abetted a national policy robbing Indians of their cultural identity. As a contrast to these, he examines the work of white authors and artists such as Helen Hunt Jackson, Oliver La Farge, the Taos Society of Artists, and Frank Waters, who created more archetypal fictional Indian characters. In the second half of the book, Vickers explores the work of Indian artists and writers, such as Edgar Heap of Birds, Jaune Quick-to-See Smith, Linda Hogan, and Sherman Alexie who craft humanizing new images of authenticity and legitimacy, bridging the gap between stereotype and archetype. This is an essential book for all readers with an interest in the tragic history of Indian-white conflict. "Vickers is one of the few to consider artists and writers in relation to each other. He offers a refreshingly commonsensical approach."-Herta Wong, University of California Berkley
Natural Language Processing for Cohort Discovery in a Discharge Prediction Model for the Neonatal ICU

Objectives: Discharging patients from the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) can be delayed for non-medical reasons including the procurement of home medical equipment, parental education, and the need for children’s services. We previously created a model to identify patients that will be medically ready for discharge in the subsequent 2–10 days. In this study we use Natural Language Processing to improve upon that model and discern why the model performed poorly on certain patients. Methods: We retrospectively examined the text of the Assessment and Plan section from daily progress notes of 4,693 patients (103,206 patient-days) from the NICU of a large, academic children’s hospital. A matrix was constructed using words from NICU notes (single words and bigrams) to train a supervised machine learning algorithm to determine the most important words differentiating poorly performing patients compared to well performing patients in our original discharge prediction model. Results: NLP using a bag of words (BOW) analysis revealed several cohorts that performed poorly in our original model. These included patients with surgical diagnoses, pulmonary hypertension, retinopathy of prematurity, and psychosocial issues. Discussion: The BOW approach aided in cohort discovery and will allow further refinement of our original discharge model prediction. Adequately identifying patients discharged home on g-tube feeds alone could improve the AUC of our original model by 0.02. Additionally, this approach identified social issues as a major cause for delayed discharge. Conclusion: A BOW analysis provides a method to improve and refine our NICU discharge prediction model and could potentially avoid over 900 (0.9%) hospital days.
'Unbundling' in the New Legal Marketplace

This article discusses one of the most exciting new methods of delivering legal services, Limited Scope Representation (LSR). Made possible in the past few years by amendments in all fifty states to rules of civil procedure and professional codes of conduct, LSR, also known as “unbundling” provides greater access to legal services for those in need as well as a new avenue for attorneys to build their client base.
The Analysis of Epidemic Trend of Notifiable Infectious Diseases in Jingzhou Shashi District from 2007to 2011

Objectives To analyze the trend of statutory report on infectious diseases of Shashi District in the year from 2007to 2011,as to provide a scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures on infectious diseases.Methods Medical records were organized by Excel software.High incidence and high season of infectious diseases and trend of infectious diseases transmitted through different routes were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods.Results Reported incidence of statutory infectious diseases increased year by year.The number of reported incidence of category B infectious diseases accounted for a clearly decreased percentage of the total number of reported incidence of three types of infectious diseases,the proportion of category C infectious diseases increased clearly.The situation of prevention and control of new infectious diseases such as foot and mouth disease and influenza A H1N1was grim,and reported incidence of some traditional infectious diseases such as hepatitis B,schistosomiasis and tuberculosis was still high.Conclusions Attention should be paid to the trend of the epidemic situation of the new infectious diseases as well as traditional infectious diseases.Measures targeting these problems should be put forward.
Apparently coronary heart disease-free patients in the coronary care unit: characteristics, medical care, and 1-year outcome.

BACKGROUND Coronary care units (CCUs) have contributed significantly to the improved survival rates among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Many patients admitted to CCUs are certified to be free of coronary heart disease (CHD) at discharge. There is little literature on the hospital course and prognosis of such patients. METHODS We identified and followed 594 patients admitted to six CCUs in the Minneapolis-St Paul metropolitan area in 1990 because of suspected acute myocardial infarction who were eventually discharged without evidence of acute or chronic CHD. Their baseline characteristics, medical care, and 1-year outcome were compared with those of 672 patients with confirmed acute myocardial infarction and 612 patients with a history of CHD but without evidence of an acute coronary event. RESULTS Similar numbers of men and women were certified to be CHD-free on discharge from hospital. These patients were significantly younger than either patients with acute myocardial infarction or patients with a history of CHD (mean age 57, 65, and 67 years, respectively). CHD-free patients commonly reported current smoking, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia (26, 50, and 18%, respectively). These patients were less likely than those with acute myocardial infarction or a history of CHD to undergo diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, or to receive pharmacological treatment. Their 1-year mortality rate was 5%, significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the mortality among patients with either acute myocardial infarction (18%) or a history of CHD (13%) but 2.6 times greater than expected in the general population. Older age, previous or current smoking, chest pain leading to admission, and congestive heart failure were independent predictors of 1-year mortality. CONCLUSIONS Patients certified to be CHD-free after admission to a CCU with suspected acute myocardial infarction have a lower 1-year mortality rate than patients experiencing acute myocardial infarction or chronic CHD. Their mortality rate, however, is substantially higher than expected, probably because of a high prevalence of cigarette smoking and hypertension.
Dimensions of impulsivity in relation to eating disorder recovery.

Objective Impulsivity is associated with eating pathology, but different dimensions of impulsivity have not been extensively studied in the eating disorders. The current study examined the relationship between four facets of impulsivity and eating disorder recovery status. Method Females formerly seen for an eating disorder were categorized as having an eating disorder (n = 53), partially recovered (n = 15), or fully recovered (n = 20) based on a diagnostic interview and physical, behavioral, and psychological indices. These groups and non-eating disorder controls were compared on impulsivity facets from the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale (UPPS): Urgency (negative urgency), Premeditation (lack of), Perseverance (lack of), and Sensation Seeking. Results Negative urgency (the tendency to engage in impulsive behavior to alleviate negative affect) was related to recovery. The fully recovered group and controls experienced significantly less negative urgency than those with a current eating disorder; the partially recovered group did not differ from the eating disorder group. Discussion Findings suggest that negative urgency may be a particularly important facet of impulsivity to target in therapeutic intervention for eating disorders, especially among those with a history of binge eating and/or purging. Future longitudinal work is needed to test a potential causal relationship between negative urgency and eating disorder recovery. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:1027-1031).
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF COMMINUTED PRODUCTS | Spices and Flavorings

Spices and flavorings allow the food industry to convert meat and other raw materials into a large variety of desirable consumer products. Their history of usage goes back to antiquity. Off-flavors, including spoilage, have been often masked by spices to cover up these undesirable properties. The origins and characters of these products, the ratio of spices used, their environment (both in transport and storage), and often the extraction of the flavor components determine their potency.
Olfactory Bulb Physiology

In the olfactory bulb, odor information is initially encoded as spatial patterns of activated glomeruli and subsequently transferred to the mitral cell soma layer for producing an output pattern to the olfactory cortex. Such an odor map transformation is carried out by unique olfactory bulb circuits that are composed primarily of neuronal dendrites and dendrite-to-dendrite synapses. Intraglomerular dendritic circuits coordinate odor responses among neurons that are associated with a common glomerulus, and long-range lateral circuits mediated either by mitral cell secondary dendrites or by interneuron axons contribute to refining odor maps via interactions among neurons belonging to widely distributed glomeruli.
Radiation Behavior of Vitreous Silica

Several properties of vitreous silica relevant to application as an optical element in a reactor were studied, including density, refractive index, optical path, stress relaxation, and optical absorption. The irradiations were in fields characteristic of the fuel regions of several operating reactors and at temperatures up to 370/sup 0/C. The radiation-induced changes in optical path are significant, but are much smaller than those in the density and refractive index because the last two are of opposite sign. The thermal coefficient of optical path causes changes of comparable magnitude. Optical absorption is not a serious matter in the upper end of the visible region.
Poverty and Student Achievement in Chicago Public Schools

Family income has long been linked to child outcomes such as educational achievement. Here, we address how poverty relates to student test scores in 495 Chicago public schools, controlling for school demographics. Focusing on recent data for Chicago public schools, one of the largest and poorest school districts in the United States, we gain a representative view of the role that poverty plays in urban education. We find that poverty varies greatly with student achievement, and results are robust to two measures of poverty. In addition to relatively large poverty effects, we find that school size and attendance rates are also important determinants of student achievement.
Forensic Chemistry and Its Flip Side

Forensic chemistry is the focus of this year’s National Chemistry Week and a strengthening and growing discipline of research and teaching. Forensic science deals mainly with the aftermath of crime. The flip side is the science of eliminating or ameliorating violent acts before they happen. In our laboratories and classrooms, are there ways to address the targeted violence and terrorism that fill the news cycle and generate fear in us and our students? While we have conversations on our individual campuses, a conversation among us chemistry educators on a regional or national scale would be even more helpful.
DiI Perfusion as a Method for Vascular Visualization in Ambystoma mexicanum.

Perfusion techniques have been used for centuries to visualize the circulation of tissues. Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) is a species of salamander that has emerged as an essential model for regeneration studies. Little is known about how revascularization occurs in the context of regeneration in these animals. Here we report a simple method for visualization of the vasculature in axolotl via perfusion of 1,1’-Dioctadecy-3,3,3’,3’-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (DiI). DiI is a lipophilic carbocyanine dye that inserts into the plasma membrane of endothelial cells instantaneously. Perfusion is done using a peristaltic pump such that DiI enters the circulation through the aorta. During perfusion, dye flows through the axolotl’s blood vessels and incorporates into the lipid bilayer of vascular endothelial cells upon contact. The perfusion procedure takes approximately one hour for an eight-inch axolotl. Immediately after perfusion with DiI, the axolotl can be visualized with a confocal fluorescent microscope. The DiI emits light in the red-orange range when excited with a green fluorescent filter. This DiI perfusion procedure can be used to visualize the vascular structure of axolotls or to demonstrate patterns of revascularization in regenerating tissues.
Plasma Q-plate for intense laser beam shaping

A q-plate for manipulating wavefronts of high-intensity laser beams is proposed in a magnetized plasma. Using full kinetic particle-in-cell simulations, we demonstrate that light with orbital angular momentum above ionization intensity can be generated.
Adolescents with Learning Disabilities: Revisiting The Educator's Enigma

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an historical context to understand current practice, challenges, and issues related to meeting the needs of adolescents with Learning Disabilities (LDs). Baseline for student performance is taken to determine the current level of functioning. Students who are performing below a designated cut-point are then taught relevant skills using evidence-based instructional practices from the targeted curriculum area. The prevailing assumption is that if a workable model can be developed for younger children, it will be relatively easy to generalize the findings to older students in secondary settings. That assumption ignores the complexities of secondary curricula and the fact that most secondary teachers do not see their role as being one of conducting repeated probes in basic skill areas to identify students with learning disabilities. If students with learning disabilities can be characterized by their inefficient use of strategies to process information, then instruction in strategies to compensate for or enhance processing should show interventions based on strategy instruction to be effective.
A la recherche d'une figure maternelle: l'image de la mère dans l'œuvre de Christine de Pizan

This essay examines the depiction of the mother in Christine de Pizan's literary works. The author's mother is mentioned in several texts and every time represents an ambiguous attitude towards the position and the role of traditional women in medieval society. This ambiguity concerns primarily the author's personal life, her upbringing and her education. Most importantly however, it leads the poet to search for a role model in various allegorical female figures that she describes throughout her works. By endowing them with maternal characteristics, Christine de Pizan imagines, creates and presents her readers with a positive image of an ideal mother.
Effect of Ligand Modification on the Mechanism of Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Production by Ni(pyridinethiolate)3- Derivatives.

The effects of ligand modification on the catalytic mechanism of hydrogen production by Ni(PyS)3– derivatives, made with electron-withdrawing and -donating substitutions to the pyridinethiolate (PyS)− ligands, are studied experimentally and computationally using density functional theory. Thermodynamic data, spin density maps, and frontier molecular orbital diagrams were generated for reaction intermediates. Comparison of computed values for E0 and pKa with experimental values supports the proposed mechanisms. The rate of electrochemical hydrogen production is correlated with the effect of ligand modification. Notably, the presence of an electron-donating substituent favors an alternative mechanism for hydrogen production. Computationally it was determined that the electron-donating substituent causes deviation from the original chemical–electrochemical–chemical–electrochemical (CECE) mechanism of Ni(PyS)3– to a CCEE mechanism, while the CECE mechanism is maintained for all catalysts substituted with elec...
Integrating MAP, marginals, and unsupervised language model adaptation.

We investigate the integration of various language model adaptation approaches for a cross-genre adaptation task to improve Mandarin ASR system performance on a recently introduced new genre, broadcast conversation (BC). Various language model adaptation strategies are investigated and their efficacies are evaluated based on ASR performance, including unsupervised language model adaptation from ASR transcripts and ways to integrate supervised Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) and marginal adaptation within the unsupervised adaptation framework. We found that by effectively combining these adaptation approaches, we can achieve as much as 1.3% absolute gain (6% relative) on the final recognition error rate in the BC genre.
Neuroamine Condensations in Human Subjects

Non-enzymatic reactions have held relatively little appeal for biomedical researchers who work with mammalian tissues and eucharyotic cells, and understandably so. When confronted with the splendid array and catalytic efficiencies of enzymes, it can be argued that “uncatalyzed” reactions should be rare in occurrence and probably minor in significance. Accumulated studies indicate however, that presumably non-enzymatic reactions — in particular, bimolecular condensations between amino compounds and aldehydes or α-keto acids — are not as uncommon as assumed. In part, this revelation is due to the new and highly sensitive chromatography methods which have developed recently (Collins, 1977). And other studies, neuropharmacological, enzymological, and behavioral in nature, demonstrate that certain condensation “products” are clearly not insignificant or innocuous agents.
Nutritional Prevention and Treatment of Kidney Stones

The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing in the United States far too rapidly to be caused by changes in the genome. It appears likely that the increase in stone prevalence is attributable to changes in our diets and lifestyles. The increase in calories leading to obesity and an elevated body mass index and the increase in consumption of components of the solid phases of kidney stones are likely factors in increasing stone formation especially in women. A heart healthy diet, the DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension), which is used to control blood pressure is associated with lower kidney stone recurrence. Though obesity is a risk factor for kidney stone formation, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass has been found to increase the incidence of hyperoxaluria, which may explain the marked increase in nephrolithiasis after bariatric surgery. Kidney stones have also recently been seen as a complication of melamine, which has been added as an adulterant to milk-based infant formula and pet food.
Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) Sample 1: Comparison of Scores on a Final Examination by Teaching Method and by Status as a Community College Graduate

R is used in this chapter to support investigations on the assessment of student learning outcomes in higher education. A tab-separated file was used as the data source and from this file it was demonstrated how R is used to organize and label data, prepare simple graphical figures for quality assurance purposes, provide descriptive statistics overall and by breakout groups, and conduct a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). This chapter provides a simple introduction on the use of R, with an emphasis on easy-to-follow confidence building actions that model a real assessment-type setting faced daily by those who work in education and the social sciences.
MinDelay: Low-Latency Joint Caching and Forwarding for Multi-Hop Networks

We present a new unified framework for minimizing congestion-dependent network cost in caching networks by jointly optimizing forwarding and caching strategies. As caching variables are integer- constrained, the resulting optimization problem is NP- hard. To make progress, we focus on a relaxed version of the optimization problem, where caching variables are allowed to be real-valued. We develop necessary optimality conditions for the relaxed problem, and leverage this result to design MinDelay, an adaptive and distributed joint forwarding and caching algorithm, based on the conditional gradient algorithm. The MinDelay algorithm elegantly yields feasible routing variables and integer caching variables at each iteration, and can be implemented in a distributed manner with low complexity and overhead. Over a wide range of network topologies, simulation results show that MinDelay typically has significantly better delay performance in the low to moderate request rate regions. Moreover, the MinDelay and VIP algorithms complement each other in delivering superior delay performance across the entire range of request arrival rates.
Increased clinical trial enrollment among adolescent and young adult cancer patients between 2006 and 2012-2013 in the United States.

Author(s): Parsons, Helen M; Penn, Dolly C; Li, Qian; Cress, Rosemary D; Pollock, Brad H; Malogolowkin, Marcio H; Wun, Ted; Keegan, Theresa HM | Abstract: BackgroundStagnant outcomes for adolescents and young adults (AYAs) 15-39 years of age with cancer are partly attributed to poor enrollment onto clinical trials. Initiatives have focused on increasing accrual, but changes at the population-level are unknown. We examined patterns of clinical trial participation over time in AYA patients with cancer.ProcedureWe utilized medical record data from AYAs in two population-based National Cancer Institute Patterns of Care Studies identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program. Among 3135 AYAs diagnosed with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma, acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and sarcoma, we used multivariate logistic regression to evaluate patient and provider characteristics associated with clinical trial enrollment. Interaction terms evaluated variation in clinical trial enrollment across patient and provider characteristics by year of diagnosis.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012-2013, clinical trial participation increased from 14.8% to 17.9% (Pnln0.01). Adjusting for patient and provider characteristics, we found lower clinical trial enrollment among those who were older at diagnosis, diagnosed with NHL vs ALL, treated by adult hematologist/oncologists only (vs pediatric hematologist/oncologists), and of non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (vs non-Hispanic White) (Pnln0.05 for all). Interaction analyses indicate improved clinical trial enrollment from 2006 to 2012-2013 among young adults 25-29 years of age and the uninsured.ConclusionsAlthough disparities in enrollment onto clinical trials remain for AYAs with cancer, our study identified increasing overall clinical trial participation over time.nFurther, we identify promising trends in enrollment uptake among AYAs 25-29 years of age and the uninsured.
A Painless Facial Nodule.

A man presented with a solitary erythematous nodule on his chin that had persisted for three months despite antibiotic treatment.
A model of cholinergic suppression of hippocampal ripples through disruption of balanced excitation/inhibition.

Sharp wave-ripples (140-220 Hz) are patterns of brain activity observed in the local field potential of the hippocampus which are present during memory consolidation. As rodents switch from memory consolidation to memory encoding behaviors, cholinergic inputs to the hippocampus from neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band of Broca cause a marked reduction in ripple incidence. The mechanism for this disruption in ripple power is not fully understood. In isolated neurons, the major effect of cholinergic input on hippocampal neurons is depolarization of the membrane potential, which affects both hippocampal pyramidal neurons and inhibitory interneurons. Using an existing model of ripple-frequency oscillations that includes both pyramidal neurons and interneurons, we investigated the mechanism whereby depolarizing inputs to these neurons can affect ripple power and frequency. We observed that ripple power and frequency are maintained, as long as inputs to pyramidal neurons and interneurons are balanced. Preferential drive to pyramidal neurons or interneurons, however, affects ripple power and can disrupt ripple oscillations by pushing ripple frequency higher or lower. Thus, an imbalance in drive to pyramidal neurons and interneurons provides a means whereby cholinergic input can suppress hippocampal ripples.
Leveraging wireless broadband to improve police land mobile radio programming: estimating the resource impact

Despite rapid growth in criminological studies of police technology, examinations of police land mobile radios are absent in the literature. This is troubling given the central role mobile radios s...
Art, Artists and Pedagogy: Philosophy and the Arts in Education

Art, Artists and Pedagogy: Philosophy and the Arts in Education invites readers into a lively discussion of current issues in arts education, offering a philosophical ground on which to consider, o...
Symmetries in the Physical Sciences

In spite of their growing specialization, modern natural sciences intend to reduce their theories to some fundamental structures:1 Physics tries to unify the different physical forces in one fundamental force. Chemistry tries to explain the structure of chemical substances by the quantum mechanics of molecules. Biology tries to reduce the processes of life to biochemical and biophysical laws.
5G Beam Steering Patch Antenna Array at 6 GHz Through MEMS Switching

This paper reports a linear phased patch antenna array system that work at 6 GHz frequency with capacity to transmit at lower 5G (USA) WiFi-6 ranges. The proposed design incorporates H-plane beam steering ability using phase shift time delays and Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) path switching. Furthermore, the paper will present theoretical simulations, and some proof-of-concept results from physical testing of manufactured designs. The proposed design is based on the physical phenomena surrounding microstrip radiation and engineered control. This paper provides a breakdown of the proposed architecture, with supporting evidence through extensive simulations, and where applicable – physical testing.
Reply to Wepprich and Ries et al.: Alternative methods do not provide support for the contribution of GM crops to monarch declines.

We are pleased to see Wepprich (1) and Ries et al. (2) engaging with the museum records data presented in our original study (3). One of the strengths of digitized specimen data is that its portability allows precisely this kind of reanalysis. The main point of our original study was that genetically modified (GM) crops were unlikely to be an important factor in monarch declines because milkweed and monarchs began their declines decades before the introduction of GM crops (3). Both Wepprich (1) and Ries et al. (2) propose alternative methodologies for using museum data to calculate monarch butterfly abundance over time, and both suggest that the currently available data are insufficient to estimate the true monarch abundance trends over the past century. If Wepprich (1) and Ries et al. (2) are correct that monarch abundance over the 20th century is still unknown (we discuss the specifics of their proposals below), this does not change our primary conclusion. Farming of GM crops has been proposed to impact monarch populations by … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: jrpuzey{at}wm.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
The Maturity of a Film Genre in an Era of Relaxing Standards of Obscenity: Takashi Ishii’s 'Freeze Me' as a Rape-Revenge Film

Cinematic trends in the 1970s included a little-noticed blending of new wave social commentary and expanding sexual explicitness that produced transgressive ventures into then taboo topics and images of sexuality and sexual violence. What emerged was the hybrid genre of 'the rape-revenge film', spawning decades of debate as to whether such films, as artistic expression, were a more contemporary and relevant form of social commentary or merely exploitive, feeding on society’s insidious and endemic appetite for sexuality and violence that, even more disturbingly, might precipitate more widespread sexual promiscuity and/or sexual violence. This paper explores the international development of the film genre, beginning with Ingmar Bergman’s classic “The Virgin Spring” (1959) and continuing through a representative range of moralistic and violent films in American and Japanese film over the subsequent forty years. Of critical importance during this period has been the degree to which filmmakers have progressively adapted the genre to the changing legal structures (and specifically obscenity laws) within which they operate, a dynamic that is analyzed in some detail using Takashi Ishii’s “Freeze Me” (Japan 2000) as a case study.
Modeling Severe Traffic Accidents with Spatial and Temporal Features

We present an approach to estimate the severity of traffic related accidents in aggregated (area-level) and disaggregated (point level) data. Exploring spatial features, we measure ‘complexity’ of road networks using several area level variables. Also using temporal and other situational features from open data for New York City, we use Gradient Boosting models for inference and measuring feature importance along with Gaussian Processes to model spatial dependencies in the data. The results show significant importance of ‘complexity’ in aggregated model as well as other features in prediction which may be helpful in framing policies and targeting interventions for preventing severe traffic related accidents and injuries.
Sound field estimation near the tympanic membrane using area-distance measurements in the ear canal

The sound field near the tympanic membrane (TM) is estimated based on acoustic data measured at the tip of a probe inserted into the ear canal, from which the area-distance function of the ear canal is calculated. Such information has the potential to quantify the sound input to the middle ear at high frequencies. Spatial variation in the ear-canal cross-sectional area is described acoustically by quantifying forward and reverse sound waves between the probe tip and a near-TM location. A causal acoustic reflection function (RF) measured in the time domain at the probe tip is used to calculate area-distance functions of the ear canal. Area-distance functions are compared with plane-wave methods based on layer peeling and Ware-Aki algorithms. A time-domain model of viscothermal wall loss is devised and applied to ear-canal data, with area-distance functions compared between loss-less and lossy methods. This model is applicable to time-domain RF calibrations using measured data in short tubes. Specification of the near-TM sound field may benefit the interpretation of data from physiological tests such as otoacoustic emission and auditory brainstem responses and high-frequency behavioral tests such as extended audiometry and tests of spatial processing of sound.
An Up-to-date Assessment of US Prostate Cancer Incidence Rates by Stage and Race: A Novel Approach Combining Multiple Imputation with Age and Delay Adjustment.

Abstract Background In the USA, it is unknown whether metastatic prostate cancer incidence has continued to increase and whether racial differences have persisted. Objective Combining multiple imputation with age and delay adjustment, we provide an up-to-date, comprehensive assessment of US prostate cancer incidence trends by stage and race. Design, setting, and participants From Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER)-18, 774 240 prostate cancer cases were diagnosed during 2004–2017. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Multiple imputation assigned prostate cancer stage to the 4.7% of cases with missing stage, which varied by year and race-ethnicity. SEER delay factors adjusted case counts to anticipated future data corrections. Twenty datasets were imputed, and Rubin’s rules were used for summary estimation. Overall and stage-specific rates were estimated and stratified by race and age group. Joinpoint software identified significant temporal changes and estimated annual percentage changes. We compared these estimates without multiple imputation and delay adjustment. Results and limitations Metastatic prostate cancer incidence increased during 2011–2017, with an annual percentage change of 5.5. This was followed by increases in localized and regional disease since 2014. Non-Hispanic black men continued to have the highest incidence, especially for metastatic disease. The increasing rate of metastatic prostate cancer in non-Hispanic white men aged 50–74 yr accelerated recently, and the incidence was 56% higher in 2017 than in 2004. Rates without multiple imputation and delay adjustment were quantitatively and qualitatively different. This observational study is unable to assign causes to observed changes in prostate cancer incidence. Conclusions Multiple imputation and delay adjustment are essential for portraying accurately stage- and race-specific prostate cancer incidence as clinical practice evolves. Patient summary In the USA, diagnosis of prostate cancer that has spread to distant sites (metastatic disease) continues to increase. Black men continue to have higher risks of being diagnosed with metastatic prostate cancer than other race-ethnicities.
Early stage EGFR-mutated lung cancer gets a targeted treatment

Osimertinib improves disease-free survival for patients with early stage EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer after complete tumor resection.
Hand/eye calibration for electronic assembly robots

Robotic hand/eye calibration is the process of identifying the fixed, yet unknown, position and orientation of a sensor mounted on the robot end-effector with respect to the robot hand coordinate frame. It is proven in this paper that in the case of camera-equipped electronic assembly robots, up to five parameters (three rotation and two position parameters) in the hand/eye matrix can be determined. However, it is shown that in order to measure relative poses of the hand-mounted sensor, one needs only to know these five parameters. Linear and iterative methods are proposed to estimate the five relevant parameters. Simulation and experimental studies confirm the effectiveness of the methods.
A Fairness Evaluation of Automated Methods for Scoring Text Evidence Usage in Writing

Automated Essay Scoring (AES) can reliably grade essays at scale and reduce human effort in both classroom and commercial settings. There are currently three dominant supervised learning paradigms for building AES models: feature-based, neural, and hybrid. While feature-based models are more explainable, neural network models often outperform feature-based models in terms of prediction accuracy. To create models that are accurate and explainable, hybrid approaches combining neural network and feature-based models are of increasing interest. We compare these three types of AES models with respect to a different evaluation dimension, namely algorithmic fairness. We apply three definitions of AES fairness to an essay corpus scored by different types of AES systems with respect to upper elementary students’ use of text evidence. Our results indicate that different AES models exhibit different types of biases, spanning students’ gender, race, and socioeconomic status. We conclude with a step towards mitigating AES bias once detected.
Empirical approaches to the study of access

While organized interests employ a broad range of activities in pursuit of their goals, practitioners and scholars alike deem access, or direct contacts with policymakers, as the “gold standard” of activities. However, this type of access is difficult for empirical researchers to study because scant records of direct contacts exist. In this essay, I discuss the role of access in studies of organized interests and policymaking and describe three common approaches to the empirical study of access: official records of access, when they exist; survey self-reports by organized interests and policymakers; and experiments. I identify the strengths and limitations of each approach and provide guidance and recommendations for empirical researchers using these approaches to study access.
Non-Pyrogenic Formation of Condensed Aromatic Compounds in Iron-Rich Environments

Summary Examination of wood decking that has been subjected to environmental change for about a decade in contact with Fe nails in the absence of sunlight shows significant modification due to active Fenton chemistry. The wood is blackened and the analysis of benzenepolycarboxylic acids shows that polycondensed aromatic molecules, commonly associated with black carbon from pyrogenic sources, are formed from the lignin abiotically and without pyrolysis. Because this transformation process occurs globally in soils, these results indicate that black carbon found globally in soils and other natural environments may not be exclusively from pyrogenic sources and that Fenton oxidation of wood is capable of producing black carbon. Such a finding will have an impact on the validity of global estimates of pyrogenic black carbon inputs to the environment.
Fabrication of Interconnected Porous Elastomers by a Microsphere‐Templating Process

In this work, a solvent-free microsphere-templating process was developed to fabricate porous elastomers. The process starts with preparation of a porous wax template by thermal sintering at a temperature close to the wax melting temperature. Then, low-viscosity monomers for elastomeric polyurethane were cast into the wax template. Finally, after casting and curing of the elastomer, the wax component was removed by mechanical forces (centrifuge or squeezing) to produce a porous elastomer. With this process, polyurethane scaffolds with a co-continuous porous structure were successfully prepared. The optimal sintering temperature for the wax template was attained about 4°C below the wax peak melting temperature, leading to a stable process for joining wax microspheres into a three-dimensional porous template. Mechanistic approaches were found to be effective for extracting wax in the cast polyurethane; more than 90% of wax can be simply removed by mechanical squeezing above the wax melting temperature. After wax removal, the polyurethane demonstrated a morphology with micropores interconnected by microchannels, indicating the interconnectivity of the porous structure. Tensile tests showed that the resulting porous material is highly deformable and elastic, exhibiting typical properties of polyurethane elastomers. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 2013, 32, 21330; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/adv.21330
Winding Numbers and Cauchy’s Theorem

We wish to give a general global criterion when the integral of a holomorphic function along a closed path is O. In practice, we meet two types of properties of paths: (1) properties of homotopy, and (2) properties having to do with integration, relating to the number of times a curve “winds” around a point, as we already saw when we evaluated the integral $$ \int {\frac{1}{{\zeta - z}}} d\zeta $$ along a circle centered at z. These properties are of course related, but they also exist independently of each other, so we now consider those conditions on a closed path γ when $$ \int_{\gamma } {f = 0} $$ for all holomorphic functions f, and also describe what the value of this integral may be if not 0.
Social network analysis of scientific collaborations across different subject fields

This paper analyzes the level of scientific collaboration and interaction in different subject fields using a novel social network analysis SNA on a data set provided by the Department of Energy DOE Office of Scientific and Technologic Information OSTI in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This paper not only determines the level of scientific collaboration between different disciplines, but it also analyzes the trends among the subject fields considered. The results in this paper show clear pattern recognition discovery on the social network model among key subject fields using weighted networks.