cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance characteristics of cw InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes

The performance characteristics are reported for continuous-wave (cw) InGaN multiple-quantum-well laser diodes grown on epitaxially laterally overgrown GaN on sapphire substrates by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Room-temperature cw threshold currents as low as 41mA with operating voltages of 6.0V were obtained. The emission wavelength was near 400 nm with output powers greater than 20 mW per facet. Under cw conditions laser oscillation was observed up to 90°C. A significant reduction in thermal resistance was observed for laser diodes transferred from sapphire onto Cu substrates by excimer laser lift-off, resulting in increased cw output power of more than 100mW.
Methotrexate and Misoprostol to Terminate Early Pregnancy

Background Although medical termination of pregnancy is available in Europe and China as an alternative to surgical termination, political and social factors have blocked medical approaches to pregnancy termination in the United States. Methotrexate, which is toxic to trophoblastic tissue, has been used safely to treat unruptured ectopic pregnancies. This report describes the use of a single low dose of methotrexate followed by intravaginal misoprostol for the medical termination of early pregnancy. Methods Women seeking termination of pregnancy were selected for this study on the basis of their good general health, emotional stability, and a pregnancy of 63 days or less in duration. Each woman received an intramuscular dose of methotrexate (50 mg per square meter of body-surface area). Five to seven days later, 800 μg of misoprostol was administered intravaginally. If abortion did not occur after seven days, the woman was offered a second dose of misoprostol or vacuum aspiration. Successful abortion was ...
METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF NEUROLEPTIC DOSAGE REDUCTION

Summary.-This paper describes a new approach to the evaluation for reduction of maintenance neuroleptic dosages. The proposed methodology reduces the ethical and experimental problems associated with the two design strategies employed in the past studies of drug reduction. the end point and interrupted designs, respecrively. The proposed procedure, an interrupted design with statistical criteria for clinical relapse, uses double-blind objective ratings of patients' psychiatric status. The mean level of function and degree of variability for each subject are statistically determined and an a pn'ori probabiliiy for clinical relapse is applied across all subjects. Unlike end-point designs, this procedure is responsive to the clinical decompensation of patients. In addition, the use of statistical criteria for clinical relapse reduces the introduction of experimenter bias of results, common to past interrupted designs which relied on subjective decision processes of the experimenter to define clinical relapse.
Toward a Global Data Infrastructure

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new class of applications that can benefit from cloud infrastructure. However, directly connecting smart devices to the cloud has multiple disadvantages and is unlikely to keep up with the growing speed of the IoT or the diverse needs of IoT applications. Here, the authors argue that fundamental IoT properties prevent the current approach from scaling. What's missing is a well-architected system extending cloud functionality and providing seamless interplay among heterogeneous components closer to the edge in the IoT space. Raising the level of abstraction to a data-centric design -- focused around the distribution, preservation, and protection of information -- better matches the IoT. To address such problems with the cloud-centric architecture, the authors present their early work on a distributed platform, the Global Data Plane.
Effect of Injection Timing on Low Temperature Combustion Fuelled by Diesel and a Blend of Diesel and Gasoline

Pure diesel and a blend of diesel and gasoline are employed in the low temperature combustion mode with injection timing as an adjustable parameter.Results show that these two fuels possess a two-stage combustion process.For a given fuel injection timing,two test fuels produce similar start of low temperature heat release,while the start of high temperature heat release of diesel/gasoline blend is later than that of pure diesel fuel.The main combustion phases are linearly correlated,regardless of the fuel types.Diesel/gasoline blend has the potential to improve NOx and PM emissions but leads to increased combustion instability.
Retrospective Analysis of Endemic Fluorosis in A Coal-Burning Polluted Area in Qianjiang District in 2001-2005

Objective To analyze the situation of endemic fluorosis in Qianjiang District after the launching of a 5-year reduction of coal-burning program.Method Retrospective analysis on the extent of dental fluorosis in children,the methods of using stove,and the levels of fluorine in food was conducted in Lin'e Town(2001-2002)and Shuitian Village(2003-2005).Result The positive rate for dental fluorosis was dropped from 41.08% to 32.80%.The level of fluorine in urine was dropped from 1.42 mg/L to 0.58 mg/L.The fluorine contents in corn are in the range of 2.74～5.85 mg/L.The fluorine contents in hot pepper are in the range of 4.48～157.95 mg/L.Over 59.75% of coal-burning type stove were replaced,and over 40.25% of the stove were up to the standard.Over 38.3% of kitchen had been refurbished.Conclusion Reduction of fluorosis is correlated with the replacement of coal-burning type stove and kitchen refurbishment in Qianjiang District.It is important to raise the awareness of public health.
The regulatory domain of human tryptophan hydroxylase 1 forms a stable dimer.

The three eukaryotic aromatic amino acid hydroxylases phenylalanine hydroxylase, tyrosine hydroxylase, and tryptophan hydroxylase have essentially identical catalytic domains and discrete regulatory domains. The regulatory domains of phenylalanine hydroxylase form ACT domain dimers when phenylalanine is bound to an allosteric site. In contrast the regulatory domains of tyrosine hydroxylase form a stable ACT dimer that does not bind the amino acid substrate. The regulatory domain of isoform 1 of human tryptophan hydroxylase was expressed and purified; mutagenesis of Cys64 was required to prevent formation of disulfide-linked dimers. The resulting protein behaved as a dimer upon gel filtration and in analytical ultracentrifugation. The sw value of the protein was unchanged from 2.7 to 35 μM, a concentration range over which the regulatory domain of phenylalanine hydroxylase forms both monomers and dimers, consistent with the regulatory domain of tryptophan hydroxylase 1 forming a stable dimer stable that does not undergo a monomer-dimer equilibrium. Addition of phenylalanine, a good substrate for the enzyme, had no effect on the sw value, consistent with there being no allosteric site for the amino acid substrate.
Effect of nicotine on the lower esophageal sphincter. Studies on the mechanism of action.

Intravenous administration of nicotine sulfate caused a dose-dependent reduction in the lower esophagel sphincter pressure in anesthetized opossums. The maximal reduction in pressure of 85.0 ± 2.6% was observed with a dose of 50 μg per kg. The effect of 50 μg per kg was not antagonized by bilateral cervical vagotomy, atropine, propranolol or by catecholamine depletion with reserpine. The sphincter relaxation produced by 50 μg per kg of nicotine was antagonized during tachyphylaxis produced by a larger dose (4 mg per kg) of nicotine. Nicotine tachyphylaxis also blocked the vagal-stimulated relaxation of the sphincter. It is suggested that the main action of nicotine on the sphincter in intact animals is caused by its effect on the noncholiner- gic, nonadrenergic inhibitory neurons which lie in the vagal pathway to the lower esophageal sphincter.
A Unique Beryllium Carbide Thin Film: Synthesis, Chemical, and Thermal Characterizations

Plasma-deposited coatings containing beryllium in excess of 50 atomic percent and oxygen content <5 atomic percent would meet the requirements for the outermost coating, the outer ablator of the mu...
Irreducibility of Black Male Clients: Considerations for Culturally Competent Counseling

An exploration of Black men as clients is presented. The concept of irreducibility through the humanistic lens is shared as a means of providing counselors the wherewithal to reframe the internal paradigm of clinical work with Black men. Recommendations for counselor exploration and clinical practice are offered.
Safety of catheter-directed thrombolysis for massive and submassive pulmonary embolism: Results of a multicenter registry and meta-analysis

Objectives To evaluate the safety and efficacy of catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of acute pulmonary embolism (PE). Background The use of CDT for the treatment of acute submassive and massive PE is increasing in frequency. However, its safety and efficacy have not been well elucidated. Methods This study is made of two parts: one is a two-center registry of acute PE patients treated with CDT. The safety outcome evaluated was any major complication including fatal, intracranial (ICH), intraocular, or retroperitoneal hemorrhage or any overt bleeding requiring transfusion or surgical repair. The efficacy outcome was acute change in invasive pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP). The second part is a meta-analysis of all contemporary studies that used CDT for PE. Reported outcomes are the same as in the registry, with the addition of right ventricular to left ventricular (RV/LV) ratio change. Results In the registry, 137 patients were included (age 59 ± 15, 50% male, 88% submassive PE). ICH occurred in two patients and major complications in 13 (9.4%). PASP decreased post procedure by 19 ± 15 mm Hg (95% CI 16–23). In the meta-analysis, 16 studies were included with 860 patients. Rate of ICH was 0.35% and the major complication rate was 4.65%, most requiring transfusion only. In-hospital mortality was 12.9% in the massive and 0.74% in the submassive group. All studies showed improvement in PASP and/or RV/LV ratio post CDT. Conclusions CDT is associated with a low major complication rate. Randomized studies are needed to evaluate its efficacy relative to anticoagulation alone. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Introduction to Global Carbon Cycling: An Overview of the Global Carbon Cycle

Carbon (C) is the essential attribute of life. Therefore, its cycling gives the overall index of health of the biosphere. Global C cycling involves the exchange of C between its four main reservoirs—the atmosphere, terrestrial biosphere, oceans and sediments. Understanding the biogeochemical processes regulating the movement of C from one reservoir to another is central to control carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) emissions and mitigating climate change. This introductory chapter presents an overview of the global C cycle. The atmospheric carbon burden—both CO2 and CH4 concentrations, has increased significantly since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution in response to anthropogenic perturbations of the global C cycle. The major sources of the increase in atmospheric C content are the utilization of fossil fuels for energy, cement production, land use conversion and deforestation. Fossil fuel and cement production released 410 ± 20 Pg C between 1750 and 2015. Similarly, land use change released 190 ± 65 Pg C over the same period. The atmospheric C burden increased by 260 ± 5 Pg between 1750 and 2015. The consequences of changes in global C cycling extend beyond the global warming associated changes in radiation balance caused by increased concentration of trace gases. It causes changes in atmospheric photochemistry, disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems as well as marine chemistry and ecosystems. In the following chapters these effects will be discussed in much more details.
Volume 2 Overview

As remote sensing technologies have advanced in recent years to include new both modalities and data with increased spatial and spectral resolution, there has been a parallel growth in development of methods to improve preprocessing of data, extract information, and integrate products into models and decision support systems. This volume on Remote Sensing Data Processing and Analysis Methodology seeks to provide a targeted, although not fully comprehensive overview of topics in data processing and analysis which are currently receiving significant attention in the remote sensing community. New methods are being developed, both from fundamentals and as extensions of efforts in other communities, such as computer science and statistics, and wide ranging application areas. The contributions include summaries of geometric correction of active and passive sensors, feature extraction and data fusion for classification, unmixing and prediction, multi-temporal data analysis, advances in machine learning and their application to remote sensing, and data assimilation approaches for development of high level remote sensing data products. • Multispectral and most recently hyperspectral systems operate over a wide range of spatial resolutions on satellite and airborne platforms, and most recently on UAVs. In Chapter 2.02 Geometric Processing: Optical Sensor Modeling and Calibration [Jacobsen], the mathematical background for calibration and validation of geometry of optical imagery is summarized. Current optical satellite sensors use a CCD- or CMOS-line or a combination of line sensors, which are geometrically challenging to correct and require explicit models. A detailed discussion of models of imaging geometry and corrections for current satellite-imaging sensors and large-, mid-, and small-format airborne cameras is included, with examples of real data from satellite missions.
Underemployment and Meaningful Work: The Role of Psychological Needs:

Underemployment is a global problem that is increasing in the context of recovering economic recessions and insecure job markets. In this context, vocational psychologists can play a unique role by...
Bioinformatics Workflow for Gonococcal Proteomics

High-throughput quantitative proteomics unravels secrets of Neisseria gonorrhoeae biology by profiling proteome responses to environmental and endogenous cues and opens translational research paths through identification of vaccine candidates, drug targets/virulence factors, and biomarkers. Bioinformatics tools and databases are indispensable for downstream analysis of proteomic datasets to generate biologically meaningful outcomes. In this chapter, we present a workflow for proteomic data analysis with emphasis on publicly available resources, software systems, and tools that predict protein subcellular localization (CELLO, PSORTb v3.0, SOSUI-GramN, SignalP 4.1, LipoP 1.0, TMHMM 2.0) and functional annotation (EggNOG-mapper 4.5.1., DAVID v6.8, and KEGG) of N. gonorrhoeae proteins. This computational step-by-step procedure may help to foster new hypotheses and to provide insights into the structure-function relationship of proteins.
Personalized Medicine - Dream or Reality?

Precision medicine is gaining popularity since it strives to take into account individuals’ differences in genes, environment, and lifestyle choices. It has numerous applications within the IBD space. Current day applications include the idea of treating to target goals over a finite timeline and using proactive therapeutic drug monitoring. Future applications are myriad and range from alterations in the microbiome, to advanced modeling to better characterize patients, to decision support tools and to increasingly targeted therapeutics.
Utilizing da Vinci® surgical system to treat challenging urinary stones.

Introduction: A worldwide mounting in the incidence and prevalence of urolithiasis has been observed. The standard treatment of urologic stone disease (USD) has changed from open surgery to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), or ureteroscopy depending on the size and location of the stone. We are sharing our experience in utilizing Da Vinci® robotic surgical system to treat patient with urolithiasis instead of open surgical approach. Patients and Methods: We reviewed prospectively collected data of 19 patients who underwent robotic-assisted stone surgery (RSS) between January 2010 and March 2018 at our institute for USD involving 22 nephroureteral units. Results: A total number of 22 RSS were accomplished with no conversion to open. Three patients had bilateral stone and needed to have RSS on each side separately. Eleven RSS were performed on the right. The indications for RSS included as follows: morbid obesity (n = 8, mean body mass index 56.4 kg/m2), need for concurrent renal surgery (n = 3) severe contractures limiting positioning for retrograde endoscopic surgery or PCNL (n = 2), symptomatic calyceal diverticular stone with failed endoscopic approach (n = 4), and after failed PCNL (n = 2). Twenty nephrouretral unit (91%) were rendered stone free on the first attempt with complication occurring after four cases (18%). Conclusion: RSS is viable options in the treatment of challenging urologic stone with high success rate and low risk of complication. The need for open stone surgery was eliminated by RSS at our center.
Imperial Humanist Critique on the Margins of African Canons

Bakary Diallo, born in colonial Senegal, authored the much-neglected first work of Francophone African literature. The prolific South African Richard Rive was well-recognized during his lifetime, p...
Performance characteristics of 18F-Fluciclovine positron emission tomography/computed tomography prior to retroperitoneal lymph node dissection.

390Background: There is no reliable way to differentiate between fibrosis/necrosis, teratoma, and viable germ cell tumor in patients receiving post-chemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissectio...
Mass Spectrometry–Based Method Targeting Ig Variable Regions for Assessment of Minimal Residual Disease in Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is a systemic malignancy of monoclonal plasma cells that accounts for 10% of hematologic cancers. With development of highly effective therapies for multiple myeloma, minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment has emerged as an important end point for management decisions. Currently, serologic assays lack the sensitivity for MRD assessment, and invasive bone marrow sampling with flow cytometry or molecular methods has emerged as the gold standard. We report a sensitive and robust targeted mass spectrometry proteomics method to detect MRD in serum, without the need of invasive, sequential bone marrow aspirates. The method detects Ig-derived clonotypic tryptic peptides predicted by sequencing the clonal plasma cell Ig genes. A heavy isotope-labeled Ig internal standard is added to patient serum at a known concentration, the Ig is enriched in a light chain type specific manner, and proteins are digested and analyzed by targeted mass spectrometry. Peptides from the constant regions of the λ or κ light chains, Ig heavy chains, and clonotypic peptides unique to the patient monoclonal Igs are targeted. This technique is highly sensitive and specific for the patient-specific monoclonal Igs, even in samples negative by multiparametric flow cytometry. Our method can accurately and precisely detect monoclonal protein in serum of patients treated for myeloma and has broad implications for management of hematologic patients.
Oncology Treatment in the Era of COVID-19: We Cannot Afford to Hit the Pause Button.

The COVID‐19 pandemic has far‐reaching ramifications for patients undergoing cancer treatment. Oncologists and institutions have adjusted treatment practices and, in many cases, significantly curtailed clinical trial conduct. Whether these adjustments mitigate the risk of COVID‐19 complications without jeopardizing treatment of the cancer is unknown. Given the expected duration of the pandemic, it is imperative that treatment of the patient's cancer remain the priority and that advances in drug development continue through appropriately designed clinical trials.
Improving automated crisis detection via an improved understanding of crisis language: Linguistic categories in social media crises

By applying the Linguistic Category Model (LCM) in crisis communication, this study explores the potential of verb tracking on social media to examine how linguistic categories can elucidate the intentional and/or unintentional communication of crisis attribution frames. Through a content analysis, linguistic categories used in both media posts reporting three clusters of crisis and public comments on Facebook were examined. Results indicated that linguistic abstraction in both media post and public comments describing the crisis varied based on crisis cluster, suggesting that the level of linguistic abstraction reflected perceived attribution of responsibility through stability, locus and controllability. Language used to describe preventable crisis tend to be more abstract than those used to describe accidental and victim crisis. Findings of this study empirically tested the integration of LCM in crisis communication and implied potential application of LCM in building automated environmental scanning and crisis prediction systems.
Preferential uptake of antibody targeted calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles by metastatic triple negative breast cancer cells in co-cultures of human metastatic breast cancer cells plus bone osteoblasts

Calcium phosphosilicate nanoparticles (CPSNPs) are bioresorbable nanoparticles that can be bioconjugated with targeting molecules and encapsulate active agents and deliver them to tumor cells without causing damage to adjacent healthy tissue. Data obtained in this study demonstrated that an anti-CD71 antibody on CPSNPs targets these nanoparticles and enhances their internalization by triple negative breast cancer cells in-vitro. Caspase 3,7 activation, DNA damage, and fluorescent microscopy confirmed the apoptotic breast cancer response caused by targeted anti-CD71-CPSNPs encapsulated with gemcitabine monophosphate, the active metabolite of the chemotherapeutic gemcitabine used to treat cancers including breast and ovarian. Targeted anti-CD71-CPSNPs encapsulated with the fluorophore, Rhodamine WT, were preferentially internalized by breast cancer cells in co-cultures with osteoblasts. While osteoblasts partially internalized anti-CD71-GemMP-CPSNPs, their cell growth was not affected. These results suggest that CPSNPs may be used as imaging tools and selective drug delivery systems for breast cancer that has metastasized to bone.
Update on Juvenile Spondyloarthritis

Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a blanket term encompassing entities such as enthesitis-related arthritis, nonradiographic axial SpA, and ankylosing spondylitis. These diseases share many clinical features, including a predilection for inflammation of the entheses and the sacroiliac joints. The nomenclature is based on the evolution of the classification of the disease and the age of the patient. SpA has a prevalence of approximately 1% of the population of the United States, with 10% to 20% of patients experiencing the onset during childhood. Children with onset of arthritis before age 16 years are classified as having juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Children with enthesitis and/or sacroiliitis are further classified as belonging to the enthesitis-related arthritis subtype of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The initial manifestations can be subtle and will usually include a peripheral pattern of arthritis and enthesitis. It may take several years for axial disease to develop in children. Except for an association with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA-B27) serotype, there are no laboratory markers for the disease, and the radiographic findings are often negative. A careful clinical evaluation for evidence of inflammation in the entheses and the joints and a search for comorbidities are required. Magnetic resonance imaging facilitates the early detection of sacroiliitis, an important feature that may be clinically silent. Because recent studies indicate that earlier introduction of therapy can help achieve better outcomes, rapid identification and treatment of children with SpA is essential.
Obesity in the Critical Care Setting

The prevalence of obesity continues to rise and is caused by many factors. Obesity places patients at risk for high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. Although obesity in the normal population is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, obesity in critically ill patients has lower mortality. This is referred to as the obesity paradox, and although not fully understood, involves several mechanisms that demonstrate a protective factor in critically ill obese patients. However, despite the benefit, the management of critically ill obese patients faces many challenges.
Transposable elements and genome size dynamics in Gossypium

vi CHAPTER ONE. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1 Description of Research Objectives 1 Dissertation Organization 2 Literature Cited 3 CHAPTER TWO. AN INTRODUCTION TO EUKARYOTIC GENOME SIZE VARIATION 4 Introduction 4 Mechanisms of Genome Size Change 5 Transposable Elements and Genome Size Variation 8 Gossypium as a Model System for the Study of Genome Size Evolution 12 Literature Cited 13 CHAPTER THREE. DIFFERENTIAL LINEAGE-SPECIFIC AMPLIFICATION OF TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS IS RESPONSIBLE FOR GENOME SIZE VARIATION IN GOSSYPIUM 25 Abstract 25 Introduction 26 Methods 29 Results 34 Discussion 38 Concluding Remarks 42 Acknowledgments 43 Literature Cited 43 CHAPTER FOUR. RAPID DNA LOSS AS A COUNTERBALANCE TO RETROTRANSPOSON PROLIFERATION IN PLANT GENOME SIZE EVOLUTION 61 Abstract 6
Clinical experience with total colectomy and endorectal mucosal resection for inflammatory bowel disease.

During the past 3 yr, 17 patients with chronic ulcerative colitis and 6 with Grohn's disease who had severe rectal and colonic involvement underwent excision of the rectal mucosa without removal of the rectal muscle in combination with total colectomy and cutaneous ileostomy as a 1- or 2-stage procedure. This operative technique has cured each of the patients of their primary colonic and rectal disease and has obviated many of the unpleasant complications that often occur after total proctectomy, such as impotence, prolonged perineal drainage, and bladder dysfunction. The operation has the further advantages of lower operative blood loss, shorter operative time, and earlier safe ambulation. On the basis of the favorable experience with mucosal proctectomy, sphincterotomy, and perineal drainage in 23 patients, none of whom experienced major complications, we believe that this operation warrants further clinical trial in patients with inflammatory bowel disease involving the rectum, which is refractory to medical therapy. Totol proctectomy might eventually find scant application in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Overview, Installation, and Help

This chapter is designed for a quick entry into ANALYZE. The purpose of ANALYZE is to provide computer assistance for analysis. It is presumed a linear program has already been formulated, and an instance has been generated with some language. The most common input to ANALYZE is a standard (MPS) matrix file, and we shall describe alternative input forms. Besides a matrix, ANALYZE can read solution files from a variety of solvers: MINOS, MPSIII, MPSX, OBI, and OSL. Although ANALYZE does not solve the instance of a linear program, it does provide ways to analyze the linear program and its solution. The methods we shall describe comprise three levels of use.
Improving Soil Moisture Profile Prediction With the Particle Filter-Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method

Satellite soil moisture estimates have received increasing attention over the past decade. This paper examines the applicability of estimating soil moisture states and soil hydraulic parameters through two particle filter (PF) methods: The PF with commonly used sampling importance resampling (PF-SIR) and the PF with recently developed Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling (PF-MCMC) methods. In a synthetic experiment, the potential of assimilating remotely sensed near-surface soil moisture measurements into a 1-D mechanistic soil water model (HYDRUS-1D) using both the PF-SIR and PF-MCMC algorithms is analyzed. The effects of satellite temporal resolution and accuracy, soil type, and ensemble size on the assimilation of soil moisture are analyzed. In a real data experiment, we first validate the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer--Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) soil moisture products in the Oklahoma Little Washita Watershed. Aside from rescaling the remotely sensed soil moisture, a bias correction algorithm is implemented to correct the deep soil moisture estimate. Both the ascending and descending AMSR-E soil moisture data are assimilated into the HYDRUS-1D model. The synthetic assimilation results indicated that, whereas both updating schemes showed the ability to correct the soil moisture state and estimate hydraulic parameters, the PF-MCMC scheme is consistently more accurate than PR-SIR. For real data case, the quality of remotely sensed soil moisture impacts the benefits of their assimilation into the model. The PF-MCMC scheme brought marginal gains than the open-loop simulation in RMSE at both surface and root-zone soil layer, whereas the PF-SIR scheme degraded the open-loop simulation.
Design of highly-efficient monolithic silicon power amplifiers using envelope-tracking for broadband wireless applications

A couple of design examples on highly-efficient fully-monolithic silicon-based envelope-tracking power amplifiers (ET-PA) for broadband wireless applications will be presented. These RF PAs are designed in SiGe BiCMOS technologies in either common-emitter (CE) or cascode topologies, as SiGe can deliver higher P OUT with better breakdown robustness than their CMOS counterparts. The envelope modulator (EM) ICs are designed in CMOS to mate with PAs to form high-efficient monolithic SiGe BiCMOS ET-PA systems. Using 5/10/20 MHz LTE 16-QAM modulated inputs, these ET-PA systems can achieve 24–28 dBm linear P OUT , passing stringent LTE linearity specs with overall system power-added-efficiency (PAE) above 40% without predistortion.
Optical spectroscopy of a single naturally formed GaAs quantum dot

Summary form only given. With fine spatial and spectral resolution we measure the homogeneous spectra of single naturally formed GaAs quantum dots. The origins of the measured linewidths and of very-fine-structure splitting are discussed in terms of the dynamics and energetics of the exciton in zero dimensions. Semiconductor quantum dots (Qdots) are electronic structures that localize the exciton in all three spatial dimensions and impose a complete quantization of the exciton energy spectrum. Until recently optical experiments on quantum dots have been hampered by the dominance of extrinsic effects, most notably dot-size fluctuations, which result in inhomogeneous broadening of the spectral features, and surface defects, which decrease charge carrier lifetimes. Recently solutions to these problems have been found and experiments are now beginning to probe the intrinsic optical properties of these zero-dimensional systems. In our experiments we use a novel near-field optical spectroscopic technique to perform photoluminescence (PL) excitation measurements on single GaAs quantum dots that are formed naturally from the monolayer-sized interface fluctuations in a thin GaAs/AlGaAs quantum well. By reduction of the area of the sample excited down to the optical near-field regime, only a few dots are probed. With resonant excitation the excited-state spectra of a single quantum dot is measured. Unexpectedly, we find that each of the spectral lines is linearly polarised with a fine structure splitting that varies in sign and magnitude.
Relational learning from drug adverse events reports

We applied relational learning to discover rules from adverse events reports. We used the FOIL relational learning system to find a set of rules for withdrawn drugs. We compared our results with FDA's reasons for withdrawal.
Task Oriented Functional Self-organization of Mobile Agents Team: Memory Optimization Based on Correlation Feature

We developed a new optimization algorithm for multiagent coordination based on indirect and unsupervised communication. The mobile agents team task is simply searching and collecting “food items”. The global coherent behavior is emergent, meaning that despite the fact that agents have no global map of the environment and do not directly communicate with each other they coordinate their behavior to achieve a global “goal”. The coordinated response of the agents is the result of indirect communication via local changes in the environment. Each agent records the encountered objects in a memory register and by appropriate weighting of local perception the agent tries to estimate the global spatial distributions of the objects in the environment. The range of spatial and temporal indirect coupling among the agents is controlled via a “memory radius”. We developed an optimized an algorithm that adapts the “memory radius” according to environment changes to minimize the computational time required to achieve the “goal” (piling the objects of the same kind together). Our optimization procedure is based on the correlation feature of the emergent pattern. The maximum speed of feature decreases leads to an optimized dependence of the “memory radius” on simulation time step. We derived also an analytic relationship between the “memory radius” and the time step based on the intermediate steady-state assumption. Numerical simulations confirmed that our analytic relationship coincides with the numerical optimization criterion based on the correlation feature.
Interaction of radiation-generated radicals with myoglobin in aqueous solution—II: Analysis of product yields for hydroxyl radicals with oxymyoglobin under deaerated conditions

Abstract Gamma-irradiation of N 2 O-saturated aqueous solutions containing predominantly oxymyoglobin (with small amounts of ferrimyoglobin and deoxymyoglobin) leads to the near-quantitative conversion of the oxy derivative to the deoxy, ferri, and ferri-peroxide (ferryl) forms of myoglobin. All of the ferrimyoglobin-peroxide production is accountable by H 2 O 2 involvement, indicating ·OH/H· participation in the formation of the other product derivatives. A methodology for compositional analysis of the component myoglobin derivatives in this complex system is developed.
Chemicals reacting with various forms of hemoglobin: biological significance, mechanisms, and determination.

The clinical chemistry of various forms of hemoglobin occupies a large fraction of the total activities of hospital and forensic science laboratories. Some of the potential pitfalls are reviewed here along with an account of the accidental discovery of two novel chemical forms. Human or mouse red blood cells were exposed to excess sodium nitrite to convert the intracellular pigment to methemoglobin. When these were subsequently incubated in Krebs-Ringer-phosphate-glucose medium, pH 7.4 at 37 degrees C under nitrogen and in the presence of various concentrations of methylene blue, a blood pigment was generated in high yield which had unique properties. In lysates, the pigment was stable in air, and it could be maintained in liquid nitrogen for as long as a year without deterioration. The pigment had properties different from those of oxyhemoglobin, deoxyhemoglobin, methemoglobin, or carboxyhemoglobin. After separation by isoelectric focusing, the pigment gave a strong signal on electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. The other forms of hemoglobin given above are EPR-silent. The pigment was eventually identified as the nitrosylated valency hybrid species, (alpha 2+ beta 3+)2(NO)2. The corresponding species, (alpha 3+ beta 2+)2(NO)2, has similar properties. These species apparently owe their unusual stability in air to the presence of the oxidized subunits in the same tetramer. Language: en
Frontal bone morphometrics of southwest Asian Pleistocene hominids

Abstract Morphometric relationships among late middle and early late Pleistocene fossil hominids from southwestern Asia are examined utilizing multivariate analyses of frontal bones. Particular emphasis is placed on assessing the interaction of size and shape factors in determining relationships among these specimens. Results of these analyses can be summarized in five points. First, techniques which maximize pattern recognition based primarily on shape factors provide the most reliable information pertinent to phylogenetic relationships among these hominids. Second, the Zuttiyeh specimen does not exhibit a greater similarity to the early “modern” Skhu¯l/Qafzeh hominids than to Levantine Neandertals. Third, the Shanidar Neandertals do not cluster closely with Levantine archaic humans. Fourth, the Mousterian-associated Skhu¯l/Qafzeh hominids exhibit distinct similarities to archaic humans, but the Skhu¯l hominids give no unequivocal indication of being “hybrids” between the Qafzeh people and Neandertals. Finally, clear patterns of change occur in frontal bone morphology from the early “modern” (Mousterian-associated) Skhu¯l/Qafzeh hominids to early Upper Paleolithic-associated humans from the Levant.
Positron emission tomography of regional brain metabolic responses to a serotonergic challenge and lethality of suicide attempts in major depression.

Background Lower serotonergic activity correlates with high-lethality suicide attempts in major depression. Postmortem studies of serotonin receptors in suicides localize changes to the ventral prefrontal cortex (PFC). We studied serotonergic response in ventral PFC in depressed patients surviving a high-lethality suicide attempt. Methods Depressed patients with a history of a high-lethality suicide attempt(n = 16) were compared with those with low-lethality attempts (n = 9) for level of depression, suicidal intent and ideation, impulsivity, aggression, and neuropsychological test performance. Subjects were scanned while medication free after a single-blind placebo and after fenfluramine hydrochloride administration on a second day. Brain responses were measured by positron emission tomography imaging of fludeoxyglucose F 18 and serial prolactin levels. Scans were compared by means of statistical parametric mapping. Correlations of changes in relative regional cerebral uptake (rCMRglu) with clinical and neuropsychological measures were assessed. Results Depressed high-lethality suicide attempters had lower rCMRglu in ventral, medial, and lateral PFC compared with low-lethality attempters. This difference was more pronounced after fenfluramine administration. Lower ventromedial PFC activity was associated with lower lifetime impulsivity, higher suicidal intent (planning), and higher-lethality suicide attempts. Higher verbal fluency was positively correlated with rCMRglu in the same regions. Conclusions Prefrontal localized hypofunction and impaired serotonergic responsivity are proportional to the lethality of the suicide attempt and may mediate the effects of suicide intent and impulsivity on lethality. Positron emission tomographic neuroreceptor studies are needed to determine whether postmortem serotonin receptor findings are also present in vivo and contribute to the abnormal rCMRglu responses.
Inclusion of evolutionary damage measures in Eulerian wavecodes

Most continuum descriptions of damage evolution generally require history-dependent material variables. The Lagrangian formulation of the continuum equations is the natural coordinate system for tracking material-history quantities. In numerical simulations of dynamic events such as in penetration and perforation of target plates by projectiles, the Lagrangian mesh can become severely compressed and distorted which effectively terminates advancing the solution in time. On the other hand, the Eulerian formulation, with its fixed coordinate system, does not suffer from mesh distortion. However, Eulerian descriptions usually follow only what crosses cell boundaries, and instead of computing the time history of material particles, they describe the average instantaneous state of a material in a computational zone. This paper describes the inclusion and evaluation of the history of equivalent plastic strain, which is a representative measure of damage, as an internal state variable within an Eulerian numerical framework. The formulation and method of advection of the equivalent plastic strain are described, and the results for two example problems are discussed and comparisons are made with the results of Lagrangian calculations.
Purification and characterization of rat parotid glycosylated, basic and acidic proline-rich proteins.

Abstract A unique family of proline-rich proteins (PRPs) is induced in rats following prolonged isoproterenol treatment. PRPs can be divided into glycosylated (GPRP), basic (BPRP) and acidic (APRP) proline-rich proteins based on their physicochemical characteristics. Inducible rat parotid PRPs were isolated from aqueous extracts of parotid glands of isoproterenol-treated animals by sequential chromatography on columns of DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-100 and FPLC on Suprose-12 column. The GPRP showed a single homogeneous band on sodium dodecylpolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with an estimated molecular weight of approximately 220,000. Compositional analysis of GPRP revealed that this protein contained 19.7% glutamic acid/glutamine, 28.2% proline and 9.5% glycine, and 44% carbohydrate, consisting of fucose (2.81g/100g), mannose (9.78g/100g), galactose (9.29g/100g), N-acetylglucosamine (18.03g/100g) and N-acetylgalactosamine (3.90g/100g). Basic PRPs consisted of a family of proteins with estimated mole...
Size effects and the residual resistance of thick wires

Abstract Using the examples of pure Cu and some dilute Cu-based alloys, this note emphasizes the importance of size effects in the residual resistivity of thick wires. These effects have been investigated in the range 4·2–16°K in wires having a diameter/mean free path ratio of between 1 and 133. Their neglect in previous work is shown to account for the wide spread of RRR values quoted in the literature for ostensibly similar Cu samples.
Auxiliary liver transplantation in acute liver failure.

Abstract Acute hepatic ischemia induced by hepatic artery ligation and mesentericcaval shunt resulted in hepatic failure and death within 72 hr in seven control pigs. Heterotopic hepatic transplantation from unrelated donor shoats was carried out 24 hr subsequent to hepatic ischemia in seven experimental animals. There was one technical fatality. The surviving six animals had gradual return of intrinsic liver function permitting safe removal of the hepatic allograft after 212-5 wk. Sequential 99m technetium scans of the dual-liver system were used to evaluate the relative integrity of the native liver and hepatic allograft, and consequently the timing of transplant excision. The results of this study suggest temporary auxiliary liver transplantation may warrant clinical trial in children with lethal, but potentially reversible, liver failure.
A note on the delta method

Abstract The delta method is an intuitive technique for approximating the moments of functions of random variables. This note reviews the delta method and conditions under which delta-method approximate moments are accurate.
Effects of bump metallurgies, underfill material and its cure process on package warpage

Excessive warpage in flip-chip packages would raise concerns of process stability and reliability as well as customer acceptance concerns, making it critical to understand the thermal-mechanical mechanism of package warpage. In this paper, we report our comprehensive study focusing on the effects of the bump metallurgies, underfill material and its cure process on the package warpage. The warpage of the units with the Pb-free bump joints and its dependence on the underfill and its process were found significantly different from the units with other bump joints. The underline mechanism of package warpage formation is discussed.
An Example of a Network-Based Approach to Data Access, Visualization, Interactive Analysis, and Distribution

A freely available software package, called Web Winds, has been developed that allows atmospheric scientists, educators, students, and the general public to quickly and easily visualize and analyze data on many of the computer platforms in use today. Web Winds is written in Java and is able to ingest files from local disk or the World Wide Web (WWW). It is designed to eventually be distributed over the Internet and operate outside of WWW browsers entirely, allowing fewer restrictions as to where data and applications will be required to be stored. By manipulating data at their source, Internet bandwidth requirements will be reduced. The design and evolution of Web Winds, including its current display and analysis capabilities, security considerations, collaborative tools, availability, and planned future developments are described. Two typical sessions are also described to give the reader an introduction to its use.
TOMOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION OF GAS BUBBLES IN TWO-PHASE FLOWS WITH THE COMBINED USE OF THE ALGEBRAIC RECONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUE AND THE GENETIC ALGORITHM

Combined use of the algebraic reconstruction technique (ART) and the genetic algorithm (GA) shows highly accurate and efficient tomographic reconstruction of line-of-sight projection images of two-phase flows compared with reconstructions obtained by separate use of these methods. A modified GA-based tomography uses the ART reconstruction result as preliminary information on the number, shapes, and sizes of bubbles to be reconstructed. This combined use of the two methods exploits faster convergence of the ART to the approximate solution space and more robust and accurate optimization of the GA to the ultimate solution space. In the investigation a computer-synthesized phantom field that consisted of five elliptical gas bubbles in liquid or solid surroundings was used.
Gel-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (gelFRET) analysis of nucleoprotein complex architecture.

A gel-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (gelFRET) assay was developed for analysis of the architecture of nucleoprotein complexes. gelFRET is based on fluorescence analysis of nucleoprotein complexes separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These complexes are separated from free components and nonspecific complexes, enabling fluorescence analysis of complexes containing all components in stoichiometric proportions. gelFRET can be used to investigate the structural organization of nucleoprotein complexes through comparison of the relative efficiencies of energy transfer from donor fluorophores linked to different positions on DNA to an acceptor fluorophore linked to a unique position on the binding protein. We have applied gelFRET to analysis of the orientation of binding by heterodimeric transcription factors. By using Fos-Jun heterodimers as a model system we have identified the structural determinants that control the orientation of heterodimer binding. gelFRET can be applied to studies of a variety of biological processes that influence the proximity of two sites within a complex, such as the assembly of transcription regulatory complexes.
KID-1, a Protein Kinase Induced by Depolarization in Brain

Membrane depolarization leads to changes in gene expression that modulate neuronal plasticity. Using representational difference analysis, we have identified a previously undiscovered cDNA, KID-1 (kinase induced bydepolarization), that is induced by membrane depolarization or forskolin, but not by neurotrophins or growth factors, in PC12 pheochromocytoma cells. KID-1 is an immediate early gene that shares a high degree of sequence similarity with the family of PIM-1 serine/threonine protein kinases. Recombinant KID-1 fusion protein is able to catalyze both histone phosphorylation and autophosphorylation.KID-1 mRNA is present in a number of unstimulated tissues, including brain. In response to kainic acid and electroconvulsive shock-induced seizures, KID-1 is induced in specific regions of the hippocampus and cortex.