cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Investigation of copper(II) chelates of EDTA and DTPA with cupric-selective electrodes

Abstract Recently developed cupric-selective electrodes, which enable direct determination of uncomplexed cupric ion in solution, were used to investigate the Cu-EDTA and Cu-DTPA systems in 0·1 M KClO 4 at 25°C. Stability constants for formation of Cu Y , CuH n Y , and Cu 2 Y (where Y is either EDTA or DTPA) were calculated from pH and pCu measurements. Log K was 19·19 ± 0·04 for Cu-EDTA and 21·45 ± 0·10 for Cu-DTPA. The behavior of cupric-selective electrodes in these systems is discussed.
An Overview of the Rheological Behavior and Characterization of Energetic Formulations: Ramifications on Safety and Product Quality

The characterization of the flow and deformation behavior (rheology) of energetic materials is a significant challenge. This challenge stems first from the ubiquitous viscoplasticity and the concomitant wall slip of concentrated suspensions of energetic formulations, which involve either a gel phase (for example, solvated nitrocellulose) or high degrees of solid fill (most energetic formulations attempt to approach the maximum packing fraction of the solid phase). The rheological behavior of such suspensions is very sensitive to the microstructure of the suspension during processing, as well as myriad of factors including the migration of the binder and the particles, mixing history, and entrainment of air into the suspension. Although difficult, one needs to generate a detailed understanding of the flow and deformation behavior of various energetic formulations to eliminate or minimize the hazards associated with their processing using both batch and continuous technologies and in assuring an acceptable ...
Synthesis and thermal characterization of cross-linked Ti, Zr and Hf polyesters from poly(acrylic acid)

The synthesis of cross-linked polyesters from the condensation of poly(acrylic acid) with Group IV B dicyclopentadiene dichlorides via the interfacial and solution techniques is described. The polyesters are believed to contain the following repeating units: Thermal properties of the polyesters were studied by Differential Scanning Calorimetry and Thermal Gravimetric Analysis. Die Grenzflachen- und Losungspolykondensation von Polyacrylsaure mit verschiedenen Dicyclopentadiendichloriden von Elementen der IV. Nebengruppe wird beschrieben. Die Polyester sind vernetzt und haben wahrscheinlich die folgende Struktur: Die thermischen Eigenschaften der Polyester wurden durch Differential-Thermoanalyse und thermogravimetrische Analyse untersucht.
A nonlinear attitude estimator with desirable convergence properties

A nonlinear attitude estimator is considered in this paper. The estimator shares several properties with estimators previously considered including ease of implementation and guaranteed asymptotic stability. The proposed algorithm is based on Poisson's equation and propagates the attitude estimate using measurements taken by typical low-cost sensing systems. Rate gyro bias estimation is also considered. The estimator structure is derived using an alternate attitude error function, which results in desirable convergence properties. These properties are demonstrated in simulation where the proposed attitude estimator is shown to achieve a faster convergence rate than an attitude estimator considered in the literature.
Reframing risk part I: Legal and ethical standards for medical risk disclosure

Dr Blister is evaluating Mrs M, a 70-year-old woman with recalcitrant mucous membrane pemphigoid. Mrs M’s disease has progressed despite numerous courses of traditional systemic immunosuppressives. She has recently developed bilateral symblepharon. In reviewing her treatment history, Dr Blister realizes that Mrs M has never undertaken a trial of the anti-CD20 infusible agent, rituximab, which has demonstrated efficacy against mucous membrane pemphigoid in small trials. Dr Blister enthusiastically offers the therapy to Mrs M, to which she replies, ‘‘That sounds great, doc, but what are the risks?’’
CELL WALL INVERTASE 4 is required for nectar production in Arabidopsis

To date, no genes have been reported to directly affect the de novo production of floral nectar. In an effort to identify genes involved in nectar production, the AffymetrixATH1 GeneChip was previously used to examine global gene expression profiles in Arabidopsis thaliana nectaries. One of the genes displaying highly enriched expression in nectaries was CELL WALL INVERTASE 4 (AtCWINV4, At2g36190), which encodes an enzyme that putatively catalyses the hydrolysis of sucrose into glucose and fructose. RT-PCR was used to confirm the nectary-enriched expression of AtCWINV4, as well as an orthologue from Brassica rapa. To probe biological function, two independent Arabidopsis cwinv4 T-DNA mutants were isolated. Unlike wild-type plants, cwinv4 lines did not produce nectar. While overall nectary morphology appeared to be normal, cwinv4 flowers accumulated higher than normal levels of starch in the receptacle, but not within the nectaries themselves. Conversely, wild-type, but not cwinv4, nectarial stomata stained intensely for starch. Cell wall extracts prepared from mutant flowers displayed greatly reduced invertase activity when compared with wild-type plants, and cwinv4 flowers also accumulated significantly lower levels of total soluble sugar. Cumulatively, these results implicate CWINV4 as an absolutely required factor for nectar production in the Brassicaceae, specifically by maintaining constant sink status within nectaries, thus allowing them to accumulate the sugars necessary for nectar production. In addition, CWINV4 is probably responsible for the hexose-rich composition observed for many Brassicaceae nectars.
Multilevel hypergraph partitioning: application in VLSI domain

In this paper, we present a new hypergraph partitioning algorithmthat is based on the multilevel paradigm. In the multilevel paradigm,a sequence of successively coarser hypergraphs is constructed. Abisection of the smallest hypergraph is computed and it is used toobtain a bisection of the original hypergraph by successively projectingand refining the bisection to the next level finer hypergraph.We evaluate the performance both in terms of the size of the hyper-edgecut on the bisection as well as run time on a number of VLSIcircuits. Our experiments show that our multilevel hypergraph partitioningalgorithm produces high quality partitioning in relativelysmall amount of time. The quality of the partitionings produced byour scheme are on the average 4% to 23% better than those producedby other state-of-the-art schemes. Furthermore, our partitioning algorithmissignificantly faster, often requiring 4 to 15 times less timethan that required by the other schemes. Our multilevel hypergraphpartitioning algorithm scales very well for large hypergraphs. Hypergraphswith over 100,000 vertices can be bisected in a few minuteson today's workstations. Also, on the large hypergraphs, ourscheme outperforms other schemes (in hyperedge cut) quite consistentlywith larger margins (9% to 30%).
Supporting Transgender and Gender-Nonconforming Youth through Teaching Mathematics for Social Justice.

Supporting transgender and gender-nonconforming youth in schools involves changes at all levels of education. Gender-complex education, or education that takes into consideration the existence and experiences of transgender and gender-nonconforming people, should be a basic and pervasive part of curricula and should be seen as critical for students of all gender identities and presentations; it must be infused within every content area, including mathematics. This article synthesizes perspectives on gender-complex education, teaching mathematics for social justice, and research on students’ development of proportional reasoning and statistical concepts, and then proposes a mathematics project for middle schoolers to facilitate their agency in challenging transphobia and gender oppression in their schools.
Oscillatory boundary conditions for acoustic wave equations

In the textbook literature on theoretical acoustics, it was traditional to use the Robin boundary condition with the wave equation. But it was recognized that this was not the physically correct boundary condition. “Acoustic Boundary Conditions” (or ABC) were introduced in the monograph by Morse and Ingard [13, p. 263]. The presentation in [13] is not the usual approach to the wave equations, since the authors treat waves having definite frequency. The time dependent version of ABC was first formulated by Tom Beale and Steve Rosencrans [1] in a very interesting and original paper. ABC will be explained in detail in Section 2.
Measuring GPU Power with the K20 Built-in Sensor

GPU-accelerated programs are becoming increasingly common in HPC, personal computers, and even handheld devices, making it important to optimize their energy efficiency. However, accurately profiling the power consumption of GPU code is not straightforward. In fact, we have identified multiple anomalies when using the on-board power sensor of K20 GPUs. For example, we have found that doubling a kernel's runtime more than doubles its energy usage, that kernels consume energy after they have stopped executing, and that running two kernels in close temporal proximity inflates the energy consumption of the later kernel. Moreover, we have observed that the power sampling frequency varies greatly and that the GPU sensor only performs power readings once in a while. We present a methodology to accurately compute the instant power and the energy consumption despite these issues.
Stearoyl CoA Desaturase 1: Role in Cellular Inflammation and Stress

Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the production of MUFA that are major components of tissue lipids. Alteration in SCD1 expression changes the fatty acid profile of these lipids and produces diverse effects on cellular function. High SCD1 expression is correlated with metabolic diseases such as obesity and insulin resistance, whereas low levels are protective against these metabolic disturbances. However, SCD1 is also involved in the regulation of inflammation and stress in distinct cell types, including β-cells, adipocytes, macrophages, endothelial cells, and myocytes. Furthermore, complete loss of SCD1 expression has been implicated in liver dysfunction and several inflammatory diseases such as dermatitis, atherosclerosis, and intestinal colitis. Thus, normal cellular function requires the expression of SCD1 to be tightly controlled. This review summarizes the current understanding of the role of SCD1 in modulating inflammation and stress.
Changes in bone mass and bone biomarkers of cynomolgus monkeys during pregnancy and lactation.

A substantial amount of calcium is transferred from the mother to the fetus and infant during pregnancy and lactation. Involvement of the skeleton in meeting this demand should be reflected in changes in bone mass and turnover. The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of pregnancy, lactation, and recovery on the skeleton in 43 young (prepeak bone mass) female monkeys. Whole body (WBBMC) and lumbar vertebrae 2–4 bone mineral content were determined by dual x-ray absorptiometry at baseline and 1, 4, and 10 months postpartum. Alkaline phosphatase, bone Gla protein, and urinary cross-links were measured at baseline, during the third trimester, and 1, 4, and 10 months postpartum. Compared to nonpregnant, nonlactating monkeys, pregnant monkeys had similar rates of bone mass gain (nonpregnant, nonlactating WBBMC, 25 ± 9 mg/day; pregnant WBBMC, 20 ± 14 mg/day). Compared to pregnant monkeys, lactating females had increased bone turnover, as indicated by elevated bone biomarker levels (lactating alkali...
Using active medical record review and capture-recapture methods to investigate the prevalence of Down Syndrome among live-born infants in Colorado.

Background: In a 1994 comparison of Down Syndrome (DS) birth prevalence rates between 17 states (CDC ’94), the average rate for the 17 states was 9.2 per 10,000 live‐ born infants. Colorado residents had the highest birth prevalence rate (12.3 per 10,000). We investigated the accuracy of this report. Methods: All children born to Colorado residents during 1989 ‐1991 and reported to CRCSN as having DS went through an active medical record review to eliminate false-positive cases. To adjust for case underascertainment, we used capture-recapture methods to estimate the number of cases missed during surveillance activities. After eliminating false-positive cases and adjusting for case underascertainment, we estimated a new prevalence rate. Results: A total of 198 children born to Colorado residents during 1989 ‐1991 were reported to CRCSN as having DS. Of these, 151 (76%) were definite cases, 25 (13%) were false-positive cases, and 22 (11 %) were inconclusive. A log-linear capture-recapture model applied to the definite cases resulted in an estimate of three missing cases. Therefore, the estimated total number of definite DS cases in Colorado was 155 (95% CI 5 (153‐160)) and the new prevalence rate for 1989 ‐1991 was 9.6 per 10,000 liveborn infants. Conclusions: Identifying false-positive cases and applying capture-recapture methods can help identify problems with birth defects surveillance efforts and provide direction for improvements. In Colorado, these techniques identified a problem of false-positive and inconclusive reports of DS. Case underascertainment was discovered not to be a problem.
On the Expected Connection Lifetime and Stochastic Resilience of Wireless Multi-Hop Networks

To understand how node mobility and Byzantine node failures affect connectivity of wireless multi-hop networks, this paper investigates resilience of geometric random graphs to lifetime-based node failure and derives the expected connection time before an end-user is isolated from the graph. Different from previous analytical studies, which mainly focused on the so called critical transmission range, our study sheds light on the resilience analysis from the perspective of end-user's connection experiences. In the paper, we first introduce a simple but general node behavior model by a semi-Markov process. Then we apply the theory of renewal process to the degree of a generic node and analyze the stochastic property of node connection time. At last, we provide the probability that the node isolation event occurs within any end-user's lifetime and a close-form approximation of the network resilience. Our analysis and numeric simulation results indicate that networks with heavy-tailed lifetime (such as Weibull) distributions provides no improvement than those with light-tailed (e.g., Exponential) distributions in terms of longer expected connection lifetime for any end-user. Further, node mobility has more significant impact than lifetime does.
DNA – eine vielseitige chemische Verbindung für die Katalyse, zur Kodierung und zur Stereokontrolle†

Die DNA (Desoxyribonukleinsaure) ist das genetische Material, das allen Organismen der Erde gemeinsam ist. Unser biologisches Verstandnis der DNA ist umfangreich und wird weitreichend genutzt. In den letzten Jahren nun begannen Chemiker, die DNA auch fur nicht-biologische Anwendungen in der Katalyse, der Kodierung und zur Stereokontrolle zu erschliesen. Dieser Aufsatz fasst die wichtigsten Fortschritte auf diesen drei spannenden Forschungsfeldern zusammen, von denen sich jedes einen anderen bestimmten Aspekt der chemischen Eigenschaften der DNA zu Nutze macht.
Sexually transmitted Human Papillomavirus type variations resulting in high grade cervical dysplasia in North-East North Dakota and North-West Minnesota

Background: A review of Pap smear diagnoses from a reference laboratory in Grand Forks, North Dakota over a 3-year period (07/00 to 10/03) revealed a two-fold higher rate of high grade squamous intraepithelial lesion in a community in northwest Minnesota (Roseau, 0.486%) than in northeast North Dakota (Grand Forks, 0.249%), in spite of both having similar rates of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (1.33% vs.1.30% respectively) Objectives: To identify the different types of HPV present in patient populations showing highgrade dysplasia in Grand Forks, ND and Roseau, MN. Study design: Formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical tissue samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of HPV type 16, 18 and 31. Results: Our studies showed that 41 % of samples from Roseau were triply infected with HPV serotypes 16, 18 and 31 in comparison to 12 % from Grand Forks. Conclusion: Due to the small sample size we were unable to prove the study to be statistically significant. However, our results suggest that the presence of HPV 16, 18 and 31 in triply infected samples may be the cause of the higher percentage of high-grade dysplasia in Roseau, MN when compared to Grand Forks, ND.
The power of the circular cone test: A noncentral chi-bar-squared distribution

Pincus (1975) derived the null distribution of the likelihood-ratio test statistic for testing that the mean vector of a multivariate normal distribution is zero against the alternative that the mean vector lies in a circular cone. Under the null hypothesis, the likelihood-ratio test statistic has a chi-bar-squared distribution. We extend the results of Pincus by deriving the distribution of the likelihood-ratio test statistic under the alternative hypothesis. In a special case, the distribution is a “noncentral chi-bar-squared” distribution. To our knowledge, this is the first order-restricted testing problem for which the relationship between the null and alternative distributions of the test statistic is similar to the relationship in the linear-model setting. That is, the distribution of the likelihood-ratio test has a central form of a distribution under the null hypothesis and a noncentral form of the same distribution under the alternative. Pour la situation ou Ton desire tester si le vecteur des moyennes d'une loi normale multivariee est nul contre l'hypothese que ce vecteur appartient a un cone circulaire, Pincus (1975) a obtenu, sous l'hypothese nulle, la loi de la statistique du quotient des vraisemblances. Cette loi, qui a la forme d'un melange aleatoire de khi-deux, est nommee “khi-deux ponderee”. Dans cet article, on generalise les resultats de Pincus (1975) en trouvant la loi de la statistique du quotient des vraisemblances sous l'hypothese alternative. Dans un cas particulier, cette loi est du type “khi-deux ponderee” non centrale. a notre connaissance, il s'agit du premier exemple d'un test avec contrainte d'ordre ou la relation entre les distributions sous les hypotheses nulle et alternative est similaire a la relation correspondante dans le cadre des modeles lineaires. C'est-a-dire que la loi du quotient des vraisemblances est la forme centrale d'une distribution sous l'hypothese nulle, et la forme non centrale de la meme distribution sous l'hypothese alternative.
Inhibition of endocytosis causes phosphorylation (S256)-independent plasma membrane accumulation of AQP2

Inhibition of clathrin-mediated endocytosis by expression of a GTPase-deficient dynamin mutant (dynamin-2/K44A) for 16 h results in an accumulation of plasma membrane aquaporin-2 (AQP2) in epitheli...
The Effectiveness of Media Rating Systems in Preventing Children's Exposure to Violent and Sexually Explicit Media Content: An Empirical Study

This article states that most forms of electronic media entertainment now carry some sort of voluntary rating system. Television, motion pictures, musical recordings, and video games are all subject to a self-imposed industry rating system. While these rating systems recognize that there is much media entertainment programming that is unsuitable for children; the imposition of these rating systems also serves a self-interest of the various media industries. By adopting some type of regulatory system, self-imposed though it may be, the media industry hopes to avoid or forestall more stringent or demanding governmental regulations. The majority of parents strongly support the efforts of Congress to protect children from harmful and offensive entertainment speech. However, most efforts by Congress to regulate violent and indecent media programming are struck down by the courts as violating the First Amendment. The study described in this article, although narrowly focused, suggests that the voluntary measures undertaken by the media are not nearly as successful in achieving their stated goals as might otherwise be claimed. The results of this empirical study indicate that children are indeed being exposed to various media products that, according to the rating system, are inappropriate for those children. Despite the media's continual promotion of its various rating systems, the present study suggests those systems may be ineffective at best. Moreover, the rating systems could actually cause harm in that as parents rely on them to prevent their children's exposure to unwanted media programming.
Current Development, the Council of Europe Addresses CIA Rendition and Detention Program

This "current development" piece examines the response of the Council of Europe to evidence that European states participated in the CIA detention and rendition program. Most notably, the Council's Venice Commission issued a legal opinion concluding that participation in the CIA program is incompatible with the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR); and that member states are obligated, not only to refrain from participating themselves in the program, but also to prevent other states from engaging in it in member state jurisdictions. With that latter conclusion, the Commission imposes on member states the obligation to police the activities of other states and effectively imputes to those other states obligations under the ECHR. This is likely to complicate future U.S. efforts to engage in intelligence operations in, through, or with Europe.
Macrophage Recruitment and Polarization During Collateral Vessel Remodeling in Murine Adipose Tissue.

Objective During autologous flap transplantation for reconstructive surgeries, plastic surgeons use a surgical pre-treatment strategy called "flap delay," which entails ligating a feeding artery into an adipose tissue flap 10-14 days prior to transfer. It is believed that this blood flow alteration leads to vascular remodeling in the flap, resulting in better flap survival following transfer; however, the structural changes in the microvascular network are poorly understood. Here, we evaluate microvascular adaptations within adipose tissue in a murine model of flap delay. Methods and results We used a murine flap delay model in which we ligated an artery supplying the inguinal fat pad. Although the extent of angiogenesis appeared minimal, significant diameter expansion of pre-existing collateral arterioles was observed. There was a 5-fold increase in recruitment of CX3CR1(+) monocytes to ligated tissue, a threefold increase in CD68(+) /CD206(+) macrophages in ligated tissue, a 40% increase in collateral vessel diameters supplying ligated tissue, and a 6-fold increase in the number of proliferating cells in ligated tissue. Conclusions Our study describes microvascular adaptations in adipose in response to altered blood flow and underscores the importance of macrophages. Our data supports the development of therapies that target macrophages in order to enhance vascular remodeling in flaps.
Altered States: For Richer, for Poorer: Economic Globalization

The most visible manifestation of economic globalization is the flow of manufactured goods across national borders. Shoes conceived of at Nike's headquarters in Oregon are produced in far-flung factories in China, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Thailand, to avoid high labor costs in the United States, and then sold to consumers the world over who possess sufficient disposable income to afford sneakers priced at up to $300 a pair. Even services have become globalized, and for similar reasons. Dial a toll-free number in the United States to purchase airline tickets and you may find yourself talking with an airline reservations agent located in India. And, to avoid U.S. regulations, phone sex calls by U.S. residents are routed through poor countries like Guyana, a practice that generates up to 40 percent of Guyana's gross domestic product (GDP). Our global economy is not a new phenomenon. Trade between countries and between continents is a centuries-old process that grew considerably during the latter half of the nineteenth century. Yet the intensity of that exchange has grown in the past several decades at quite high speed. Today's global market bears little resemblance to the world's economic system in the mid-twentieth century, at which point it was “an aggregation of reasonably distinct domestic economies.” For the most part, at that time, manufacturing took place in the industrialized countries (the “First World”) – the United States, Europe, and Japan – where manufactured goods were sold as well as being widely exported abroad.
Effects of a Sustained Muscular Contraction on Human Intraocular Pressure

1. Normal subjects performed fatiguing static hand-grip contraction at tensions of 20% and 55% of their maximum voluntary contraction (MVC). Intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured by applanation tonometry before, during and after the isometric exercise. Forearm blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein in both the exercised and non-exercised arm before and 2 min post-exercise for measurement of plasma lactate, osmolality, P v,o 2 , P v,co 2 and pH. 2. During hand grip the heart rate and blood pressure increased significantly, whereas the IOP remained unchanged from control in both the 20% and 55% MVC experiments. 3. In the recovery period heart rate and blood pressure returned to control values within 3 min and the IOP decreased significantly from control in both the 20% and 55% MVC experiments. 4. When an occlusion cuff was inflated on the exercising arm just before release of the 55% MVC grip, the decreased IOP could be delayed until the cuff was released. 5. Post-exercise blood samples showed elevated lactate concentrations and P v,o 2 and decreased pH in the exercised arm; however, the values remained unchanged in the non-exercised arm. The decreased IOP after exercise may be related to an increased blood lactate concentration.
Autonomy and Alterity: Moral Obligation in Sartre and Levinas

Bien qu'il soit d'accord avec Levinas pour montrer que l'affirmation sartrienne de l'autonomie ne peut fournir le fondement suffisant de nos obligations morales envers autrui, l'A. soutient qu'il est possible de penser ensemble la conception de l'autonomie chez Sartre et la conception de l'alterite chez Levinas, dans le cadre politique d'une communaute juste fondee sur le respect de l'alterite d'autrui comme condition de possibilite de l'autonomie
Influencing factors of fluoride electrode detecting fluoride ion in toothpaste

Objective To discuss the influencing factors of fluoride electrode detecting fluoride ion in toothpaste.Methods The fluoride electrode was used to determine fluoride ion in toothpaste under the condition of the TISBA of pH5.5.Results The concentration of complexing agent at 0.5～1.0 mol/L and 0.6～1.0 mol/L (stw) remarkably influence the lowest limitation of the detection method (P0.01) the accuracy respectively. The suitable acid range was pH from 5.5 to 6.0.The extractable percentage of fluoride ion was 79.3%,79.5% and 98.8% respectively in the three kinds of medium.The ideal linear range of complexing agent was 0.1～50.0 mg/L. Conclusion The suitable complexing reagent concentration,acidity,extractable reagent as well as the effective linear range in the buffer system must be chosen in order to guarantee the accuracy as well as sensitivity in detecting fluoride ion in toothpaste.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Peroxide Value of Lipid

[Objective]To establish the spectrophotometric determination of peroxide value of lipid.[Methods]Under the anhydrous acidic conditions,peroxide in the lipid could make I-quantitatively oxidized to I2,I2 binding I-generated I3-soluble in water,the color of I3-was compared with the standard iodine quantitatively.[Results]Test results of precision and accuracy of this method showed that the coefficient of variation was 1.53% ～ 6.19%,recovery rate ranged from 86% ～ 108%.The peroxide value of lipid determined by spectrophotometry was not significantly different from that determined by national standard testing method(t=0.11,P0.05).[Conclusion]This method is simple,accurate,reliable and sensitive,which is suitable for detection of large amount samples in grass-roots.
Acceptance testing analysis on leakage radiation levels sets of medical electron accelerators in Guangxi

Objective: To analyze the leakage radiation levels of medical electron accelerators by acceptance test, aiming to estimate the radiation protection dose level of the radiation occupation personnel and patients, and to Provide basis for the establishment of radiation protection control strategy, also to guide the Radiotherapy quality control for the hospital. Methods: Twenty-nine sets of medical electron accelerators were tested in GuangXi from 2007 to 2013, and studied with some equipment including thermo luminescence dosimeters(TLD) and Neutron dosimeter to obtain leakage radiation doses of X-ray and Neutron respectively. The data were analyzed and appraised with relative standards. Results: The radiation leakage rate maximum of the beam limiting device is ≤1.2%, the mean value of which is ≤0.65%. In addition, the maximum leakage rate is ≤0.46% at a distance 1m from electron orbit;leakage rate maximum is ≤0.19% within the 2m plane from useful harness inner circle, its mean value is ≤0.09%; for nominal energy ≥10MV accelerator, the neutron leakage rate maximum at the position 1m away from the electronic track is ≤0.032%. Neutron leakage rate maximum is ≤0.028% within 2m round plane of the useful beam central axis. It means value is ≤0.014%. Conclusion: The detection device leakage radiation levels are within the control of the national standard, leakage radiation levels of medical accelerator is an important index in the protection performance of equipment, in order to ensure the medical quality and safety, the device must pass the acceptance test before be put into use.
Dopaminergic neuron apoptosis induced by 1-trichloromethyl-1,2,3,4tetrahydro-carboline(TaClo) in vitro and its mechanism

Objective To study the toxic effect and mechanisms of TaClo on rat dopaminergic neurons.Methods Primary neuron-enriched and mesencephalic cultures were exposed to five different doses of TaClo(50,100,200,500,and 1000μmol/L) for 72 hours.Potential neurotoxicity was detected in morphology and by TH staining.Caspase-3 was detected by Western blot after exposure to two different doses of TaClo(50 and 200μmol/L) for 1 hour and 24 hours.Results TaClo induced dopaminergic neuronal loss.TaClo induced 40% of neuronal loss at 50μmol/L,and about 90% at 200μmol/L(P0.01,P0.001).Under the same experimental condition,TaClo induced dopaminergic neuronal loss in a dose-dependent manner from 50μmol/L to 200μmol/L(P0.001).Within one hour and twenty-four hours challenged with TaClo,cleaved caspase-3 was increased in both TaClo groups(50 and 200μmol/L),and activity of caspase-3 seemed to be increased in a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion TaClo induces dopaminergic neuronal apoptosis.The mechanism is that caspase-3 is activated by TaClo stimuli in dopaminergic neurons.
Role of summation of afferent input in cardiovascular reflexes from splanchnic nerve stimulation

Stimulation of abdominal sympathetic visceral afferents reflexly excites the cardiovascular system. The present study examined the role of summation of afferent input in this reflex. Single-unit activity of A delta- and C-fiber afferents was recorded from the right thoracic sympathetic chain in anesthetized cats to determine the relationship between intensities of electrical stimulation and the types of nerve fibers within the right greater splanchnic nerve. The differential effect of cooling on A delta- and C-fiber axons in the sympathetic chain also was examined by recording single-unit afferent activity. Reflex cardiovascular responses were induced by electrical stimulation of the central cut end of the right greater splanchnic nerve. We observed that the numbers of A delta and C fibers activated by electrical stimulation were proportional to the intensity of stimulation. However, neither local cooling nor intensity of stimulation provided a means to separate A delta and C fibers contained in the sympathetic chain. The results demonstrate that the magnitude of excitatory cardiovascular reflexes is frequency dependent and is related directly to intensity of electrical stimulation, suggesting that both adequate discharge frequency of the afferent and sufficient numbers of afferents recruited are crucial factors for full expression of reflex cardiovascular responses.
Zr 90 and Zr 92 : Neutron total and scattering cross sections

Total neutron cross sections of $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ and $^{92}\mathrm{Zr}$ were measured from 0.9 to 5.5 MeV and elastic and inelastic neutron scattering cross sections from 1.8 to 4.0 MeV. The inelastic neutron excitations of six states in $^{90}\mathrm{Zr}$ and more than 12 in $^{92}\mathrm{Zr}$ were observed. The experimental results formed the basis of an optical-statistical model interpretation including considerations of resonance width fluctuation and interference and the behavior of the optical potential near $N=50$. Comparisons of measured and calculated cross sections suggested new spin assignments for a number of excited states.
Pharmacokinetic interactions of antidepressants

Seven of the newest antidepressants are the serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (fluoxetine, sertraline, paroxetine, and fluvoxamine [currently approved in the United States for obsessive-compulsive disorder only]), a serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (venlafaxine), a postsynaptic serotonin antagonist/presynaptic serotonin reuptake inhibitor (nefazodone), and presynaptic/postsynaptic noradrenergic/serotonergic receptor antagonist (mirtazapine). Many of these drugs are potent inhibitors of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes of the liver. The CYP enzymes most relevant to the use of antidepressants and for which the most thorough data are available are the CYP1A2, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4. These 3 CYP isoenzymes are discussed in relation to some of the drugs they metabolize, and appropriate cautions are recommended for concurrent administration of these new antidepressants and other drugs frequently prescribed to elderly patients.
Integrated location-inventory modelling under forward and reverse product flows in the used merchandise retail sector: A multi-echelon formulation

Abstract This study presents a joint three-echelon location inventory model for a donation-demand driven industry in which the main warehouse (MW), distribution centers (DC), retail stores (RS) and donation-only centers (ADCs) exist. This unique inventory-location problem involves demand and supply uncertainties, coverage radius limitations, service level requirements, and multiple products consideration. Each retailer has two classes of products flowing from the assigned DC due to demands minus donations occurring in that retailer. The proposed model simultaneously determines the number of DCs to open, DC locations, and assignments of retailers to the open DCs for particular product types. The objective is to minimize the total annual cost including: facility location costs, transportation costs, inventory costs, and the lost sale costs. Due to the complexity of the problem, the proposed model structure allows for relaxing complicating constraints through recourse to Lagrangian relaxation. The use of robust branch-cut and price heuristics solves the mixed integer nonlinear problem to obtain a lower bound and a distance-based heuristic to get an upper bound. We formulate essential features of this novel problem, solve several numerical example problems and evaluate solution performance. We believe this is a novel problem environment, and that this initial study extends integrated location-inventory modeling to a new context.
Stenting for Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava Syndrome

Persistent left superior vena cava is a common congenital anomaly. We present angiographic pictures and hemodynamic tracings from a case of superior vena cava syndrome in a patient with this anomaly. The images depict a challenging percutaneous intervention for the amelioration of the hemodynamic problem, made even more interesting as the patient was a recipient of orthotopic heart transplant.
Musculoskeletal and Interventional Radiology in the Management of Sarcoma Patients

This chapter is designed for the primary physician, orthopedic oncologist, surgical oncologist, medical oncologist, radiation oncologist, and other health-care providers to understand modern imaging techniques in the diagnosis, percutaneous biopsy, and follow-up of bone and soft tissue sarcomas. There are many excellent textbooks describing the imaging appearance and differential diagnosis of both bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The goal of this chapter is more focused on the newest approaches to sarcoma diagnosis, staging biopsy, and follow-up. Compared to a decade ago, there is more reliance on MRI in the initial staging and increasing usage of image-guided percutaneous needle biopsy for initial diagnosis and proof of recurrence as well as an increasing utilization of PET-CT in the staging and surveillance of sarcomas. The value and limitations of these strategies are discussed.
A utility for organoleads: selective alkyl and aryl group transfer to tin

Me4Pb and Ph4Pb readily transfer methyl or phenyl groups to an equivalent molar ratio of tin(IV) chlorides in the order SnCl4 > MeSnCl3 > Me2SnCl2 > Me3SnCl, often in a selective manner. Me3PbCl and Ph3PbCl specifically transfer a single methyl/phenyl group under the same reaction conditions to produce recovered yields in >75%. Specific transfer of 2 methyl groups from PbMe4 can be achieved at elevated temperatures and/or a 2 : 1 molar ratio Pb : Sn.
The Myth of Visible Light Photocatalysis Using Lanthanide Upconversion Materials

Upconversion luminescence is a nonlinear optical process achieved by certain engineered materials, which allows conversion of low energy photons into higher energy photons. Of particular relevance to environmental technology, lanthanide-based upconversion phosphors have appeared in dozens of publications as a tool for achieving visible light activation of wide-band gap semiconductor photocatalysts, such as TiO2, for degradation of water contaminants. Supposedly, the phosphor particles act to convert sub-band gap energy photons (e.g., solar visible light) into higher energy ultraviolet photons, thus driving catalytic aqueous contaminant degradation. Herein, however, we reexamined the photophysical properties of the popular visible-to-UV converters Y2SiO5:Pr3+ and Y3Al5O12:Er3+, and found that their efficiencies are not nearly high enough to induce catalytic degradations under the reported excitation conditions. Furthermore, our experiments indicate that the false narrative of visible-to-UV upconversion-sen...
Responding for Rewarding Brain Stimulation: Cocaine and Isradipine Plus Naltrexone

Abstract Rats, fixed with chronically indwelling electrodes for electrical intracranial stimulation (ICS) of the lateral hypothalamus, were taught to press a bar for ICS. Once pressing rates became stable, during daily 20-min sessions, rats were given cocaine (5 or 20 mg/kg) before the sessions. When given daily, cocaine consistently enhanced rates of pressing. When a combination of small doses of isradipine (e.g., 1 mg/kg) and naltrexone (3 mg/kg) were given before cocaine administration, the combination blocked cocaine’s enhancement of pressing for ICS. The combination, however, neither reduced rates of pressing below those observed under placebos (i.e., baseline conditions) nor reduced rates when no cocaine was given. Naltrexone and isradipine (in the dose used in the combination) by themselves did not block cocaine’s effects. This profile of effects indicates that a combination of isradipine and naltrexone is apt to be useful in treating cocaine use disorders.
Factors associated with benefit of active middle ear implants compared to conventional hearing aids.

OBJECTIVE Identify factors associated with benefit of middle ear implants (MEIs) as compared to conventional hearing aids (HAs). STUDY DESIGN Independent review of audiological data from a multicenter prospective U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical trial. Preoperative and postoperative earphone, unaided/aided/implanted pure-tone thresholds, and word recognition scores were evaluated. RESULTS Ninety-one subjects were included in this study. Mean word recognition was better with MEIs than with HAs (81.8% ± 12.0% vs. 77.6% ± 14.6%, P = 0.035). Word recognition with MEIs showed a low positive correlation with word recognition measured with earphones (r = 0.25, P = 0.016) and a moderate positive correlation with aided word recognition (r = 0.42, P < 0.001). Earphone word recognition alone was not predictive of MEI benefit over HA benefit (r = 0.09, P = 0.41), unlike differences between scores with earphone and HAs (earphone-aided differences [EAD]) (r = 0.62, P < 0.011). As compared to those with -EADs, subjects with +EADs showed greater improvement in word recognition from unaided to implanted and from HAs to implanted (P < 0.0001). Using the 95% CI for word recognition scores, 16 subjects showed significantly higher scores with the MEI than with HAs. Of those, 14 had +EAD. CONCLUSION Word recognition benefit derived from conventional HAs and MEIs from this large, multi-center FDA trial provides further evidence of the importance of aided word recognition in clinical decision making, such as determining candidacy for and success with MEIs. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2b. Laryngoscope, 128:2133-2138, 2018.
Primary immunodeficiencies of food animals.

Primary immunodeficiencies (PID) are deficiencies in either innateor adaptive immune responses. They may be congenital orinherited. The most common consequence of PID is inherentsusceptibility to infections. Most often, PID are observed inyoung animals as severe or recurrent infections. However, someselected immunodeficiencies may be clinically benign, with noobserved predisposition to infectious or neoplastic disease. Themajor PID of food animals are Chediak-Higashi syndrome,bovine leukocyte adhesion deficiency, A46 trait of Danish andFriesian cattle, and selective IgG2 deficiency of red Danish cattle.
Constrained Efficiency in a Human Capital Model

This paper investigates whether capital and human capital are over-accumulated in an incomplete market economy. As in Davila et al. (2012), whether capital is over-accumulated depends on how the pecuniary externalities affect insurance and redistribution. In a human capital economy, however, not only capital but also human capital generates externalities and an additional channel arises that has implications for the overaccumulation (under-accumulation) of capital (human capital). The income sources of the poor and the correlation between wealth and human capital are crucial for the implication of pecuniary externalities. Realistically calibrated models exhibit under-accumulation (overaccumulation) of capital (human capital).
S+ an Augmentation of S

As our last major topic in the construction of triangulations we consider the triangulation S+ which is obtained by modifying S in the region Gn × [0,1]. S+ and S restricted to Gn × [1,+∞) agree. However, S+ naturally restricted to Gn × [0,1] is the triangulation V which has been squeezed and sheared on level Gn × 1 to match S on Gn × 1, see Figure 18.1.
Factor Analysis of Scales Composed of Binary Items: Illustration with the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory

It is well known that traditional factor analytic methods are designed for use with continuous data, and suboptimal for items with 2 response options (i.e., binary items). Nevertheless, traditional methods have been employed in all previous assessment of the dimensionality of the Maudsley Obsessional Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), a true/false measure of obsessive–compulsive symptoms ( R. J. Hodgson &; S. Rachman, 1977). The aim of this paper is to illustrate 2 techniques that are more suitable for factor-analyzing binary items than traditional methods, through application to the MOCI (n = 1,080). Computer files for use with the TESTFACT (D. Wilson, R. L. Wood, &; R. Gibbons, 1991 ) and Mplus (Muthen &; Muthen, 1998) computer programs are provided. Results from an inappropriately applied principal axis factor analysis are presented for comparison, and factor structures, loadings, and interfactor correlations are compared across methods.
RESOURCE CONSTRAINED SCHEDULING METHODS

This chapter reviews resource constrained scheduling methods. The problem of scheduling activities under limited resources and precedence constraints is a relatively common one that has received considerable attention in the literature. This problem belongs to a class of problems for which currently optimal solution can be found only for unrealistically small problems of marginal practical value. For larger problems, a number of heuristic algorithms are available. There is considerable conflicting evidence regarding the relative merit of the heuristics used in these algorithms, and there are few, if any, guidelines available regarding the choice of a heuristic algorithm. The chapter presents a general flowchart of a scheduling algorithm utilizing dispatching rules or urgency factors. The basic premise of this algorithm is the requirement that all activities are to start as early as possible. When several activities are competing for a limited amount of resources, activities are selected one by one to start in accordance with some priority or urgency scheme. There are two approaches to the calculation of these urgency factors: (1) they may either be calculated prior to the scheduling process—static scheduling—or (2) they may be recalculated throughout the scheduling process as delays of activities cause a change in actual slack and finish times—dynamic scheduling.
In defense of unfair compromises

It seems natural to think that compromises ought to be fair. But it is false. In this paper, I argue that it is never a moral desideratum to reach fair compromises and that we are sometimes even morally obligated to try to establish unfair compromises. The most plausible conception of the fairness of compromises is David Gauthier’s principle of minimax relative concession. According to that principle, a compromise is fair when all parties make equal concessions relative to how much they can gain from an agreement and relative to how much they would lose without an agreement. To find out whether reaching a fair compromise sometimes is a moral desideratum, I discuss several paradigmatic cases in friendships, economics and politics, and I try to show that even when the parties have moral reasons to refrain from trying to maximize utility in the negotiations, they do not have moral reasons to aim at a fair compromise. My second claim is that we are sometimes morally obligated to try to establish unfair compromises, in particular when we are dealing with parties that try to establish morally very bad political arrangements. In such cases, we should try to concede as little as possible to achieve an outcome that is morally acceptable. Fair compromises, in other words, are morally much more dubious than is usually appreciated.