cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Monolithically Integrated Multisensor Platform

The integration of multiple sensors on a single substrate is reported in this paper. A test chip was designed using the integration platform that implemented a capacitive inertial sensor, a capacitive absolute pressure sensor, a resistive temperature sensor, and a capacitive microphone. The sensors were tested after fabrication with the measured acceleration sensitivity of 10 fF/g for a full scale acceleration of 2 g and the pressure sensor sensitivity of 10 fF/KPa for a full scale pressure of 1 atm. Temperature sensor and microphone were also electrically tested.
Global Strategic Market Planning: Recent Perspectives and Emerging Concepts

This paper reviews the recent developments and the emerging concepts in global strategic planning. It underscores the need for better integration of these concepts into comprehensive models that generate normative and practical implications.
Experimental considerations for using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study chemical mechanical planarization systems

Abstract Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is routinely used in the fabrication of microelectronic devices. The surface chemistries of this technique have become quite complex with the emergence of the sub–22 nm technology nodes. While this has introduced new challenges in the field of slurry-engineering for CMP, certain electroanalytical techniques have been recognized as useful tools for the assessment of CMP slurry chemistries. In this regard, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), a powerful probe of interfacial kinetics, can play a unique role in aiding the development/evaluation of new slurry formulations. To fully explore this capability of EIS in CMP research, it is necessary to address the experimental requirements and constraints of EIS that are linked to the mechanical component of planarization. The present work focuses on certain analytical aspects of this subject using an exploratory CMP scheme for Cu. The surface reactions of CMP are characterized here by tribologically controlled voltammetry and open circuit potentials in an alkaline slurry of H2O2 (oxidizer), guanidine nitrate (complexing agent), and colloidal SiO2 (abrasive). An experimental protocol is demonstrated to check the validation criteria of EIS for typical CMP systems. The EIS data are analyzed by complex nonlinear least square calculations, and the resulting parameters are used to corroborate the reaction mechanisms of CMP.
The Violence of Despair: Consultation to a HeadStart Program Following the Los Angeles Uprising of 1992

This paper describes an acute trauma consultation to one Los Angeles HeadStart program following the severe civil disturbance in the spring of 1992. By self-report, 7% (3/42) of the teachers had severe post-traumatic stress symptoms, and 29% (21/42) had moderate symptoms one month after the event. Teachers, comparing behavior following the disturbance to behavior two weeks before, reported statistically significant increases in the students' aggression and noise level, and decreases in “getting along” with peers and academic progress. Difficulties encountered in this type of community psychiatric consultation are discussed.
The art of curation at a biological database: Principles and application

Abstract The variety and quantity of data being produced by biological research has grown dramatically in recent years, resulting in an expansion of our understanding of biological systems. However, this abundance of data has brought new challenges, especially in curation. The role of biocurators is in part to filter research outcomes as they are generated, not only so that information is formatted and consolidated into locations that can provide long-term data sustainability, but also to ensure that the relevant data that was captured is reliable, reusable, and accessible. In many ways, biocuration lies somewhere between an art and a science. At GrainGenes ( https://wheat.pw.usda.gov;https://graingenes.org ), a long-time, stably-funded centralized repository for data about wheat, barley, rye, oat, and other small grains, curators have implemented a workflow for locating, parsing, and uploading new data so that the most important, peer-reviewed, high-quality research is available to users as quickly as possible with rich links to past research outcomes. In this report, we illustrate the principles and practical considerations of curation that we follow at GrainGenes with three case studies for curating a gene, a quantitative trait locus (QTL), and genomic elements. These examples demonstrate how our work allows users, i.e., small grains geneticists and breeders, to harness high-quality small grains data at GrainGenes to help them develop plants with enhanced agronomic traits.
Ribbon crossing numbers, crossing numbers, and Alexander polynomials

Abstract A 2-knot is a surface in R 4 that is homeomorphic to S 2 , the standard sphere in 3-space. A ribbon 2-knot is a 2-knot obtained from m 2-spheres in R 4 by connecting them with m − 1 annuli. Let K 2 be a ribbon 2-knot. The ribbon crossing number, denoted by r- c r ( K 2 ) is a numerical invariant of the ribbon 2-knot K 2 . It is known that the degree of the Alexander polynomial of K 2 is less than or equal to r- c r ( K 2 ) . In this paper, we show that r- c r ( K 2 ) is estimated by coefficients in the Alexander polynomial of K 2 . Furthermore, applying this fact, for a classical knot k 1 , we also estimate the crossing number, denoted by c r ( k 1 ) .
Factors Influencing Adrenal Metastasis in Renal Cell Carcinoma

AbstractThe factors predisposing to adrenal metastasis in renal cell carcinoma were reviewed in 695 cases. The overall incidence of adrenal metastasis was 4.3%. The risk of adrenal metastasis correlated with tumors that were on the left side, large and replacing the entire kidney, upper pole in location and of advanced Τ stage. Nevertheless, microscopic and/or contralateral adrenal metastasis was noted in patients with smaller, lower pole or mid renal tumors. Of 30 patients with adrenal metastasis 9 (30%) had clinical evidence of widespread disease. Among the patients who underwent complete surgical resection 14% had either positive lymph nodes or other nonadrenal metastases. Of the patients undergoing resection 81% died, with a mean postoperative survival of 27 months. Sustained disease-free survival was noted in 3 patients (0.43% of the entire series) whose complete pathological staging was pT1-3b, N0, M0. The need and benefit of adrenalectomy during surgery for renal cell carcinoma are extremely limited.
In vivo imaging reveals unique neutrophil transendothelial migration patterns in inflamed intestines

Neutrophil (PMN) infiltration of the intestinal mucosa is a hallmark of gastrointestinal inflammation, with significant implications for host defense, injury and repair. However, phenotypic and mechanistic aspects of PMN recruitment in inflamed intestines have not been explored in vivo. Using novel epithelial/PMN fluorescence reporter mice, advanced intravital imaging and 3D reconstruction analysis, we mapped the microvasculature architecture across the intestinal layers and determined that in response to Salmonella/endotoxin-induced inflammation, PMN transendothelial migration (TEM) was restricted to submucosal vessels. PMN TEM was not observed in villus or crypt vessels, proximal to the epithelium that underlies the intestinal lumen, and was partially dependent on (C-X-C motif) ligands 1 (CXCL1) and 2 (CXCL2) expression, which was found to be elevated in the submucosa layer. Restricted PMN extravasation at the submucosa and subsequent PMN interstitial migration may serve as a novel regulatory step of PMN effector function and recruitment to the luminal space in inflamed intestines.
BAR domain proteins—a linkage between cellular membranes, signaling pathways, and the actin cytoskeleton

Actin filament assembly typically occurs in association with cellular membranes. A large number of proteins sit at the interface between actin networks and membranes, playing diverse roles such as initiation of actin polymerization, modulation of membrane curvature, and signaling. Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain proteins have been implicated in all of these functions. The BAR domain family of proteins comprises a diverse group of multi-functional effectors, characterized by their modular architecture. In addition to the membrane-curvature sensing/inducing BAR domain module, which also mediates antiparallel dimerization, most contain auxiliary domains implicated in protein-protein and/or protein-membrane interactions, including SH3, PX, PH, RhoGEF, and RhoGAP domains. The shape of the BAR domain itself varies, resulting in three major subfamilies: the classical crescent-shaped BAR, the more extended and less curved F-BAR, and the inverse curvature I-BAR subfamilies. Most members of this family have been implicated in cellular functions that require dynamic remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton, such as endocytosis, organelle trafficking, cell motility, and T-tubule biogenesis in muscle cells. Here, we review the structure and function of mammalian BAR domain proteins and the many ways in which they are interconnected with the actin cytoskeleton.
Job Categories and Geographic Identity

Many previous explanations which explain geographic concentration of industries propose what I refer to as supply-side advantages to firms which co-locate geographically. I, instead, suggest an alternative, demand-side mechanism. I argue that in labor markets, particular types of work become associated with specific geographical locations. This association becomes a categorical stereotype – which leads buyers in markets to prefer sellers from particular geographic regions, merely because they seem more legitimate. I test this theory in an online marketplace for freelancing services – a market which should not exhibit effects of alternative, more economically based, agglomeration mechanisms. I find that the greater the association between a particular job category and a geographic location – what I term geographic identity – the more likely any freelancer from that country will win a job in that category. This effect holds net of other explanations such as experience and price.
Dynamic Reconfiguration of CNNs for Input-Dependent Approximation

In this work, we propose a novel framework which enables dynamic reconfiguration of an already-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) in hardware during inference. The reconfiguration enables input-dependent approximation of the CNN to achieve power saving without much degradation in its classification accuracy at run-time. For each input, our framework uses only a fraction of the CNN's edge weights based on that input (with the rest remaining 0) to conduct the inference. Consequently, power saving is possible due to fewer number of fetches from off-chip memory as well as fewer multiplications for majority of the inputs. To achieve per-input approximation, we use clustering algorithm which groups similar weights in the CNN based on their importance, and design an iterative framework which decides how many clusters of weights should be fetched from off-chip memory for each individual input. We also propose new hardware structures to implement our framework on top of a recently-proposed FPGA-based CNN accelerator. In our experiments with popular CNNs, we show significant power saving with almost no degradation in classification accuracy due to doing inference with only a fraction of the edge weights for the majority of the inputs.
Farm Families and Bovine Tuberculosis

Some farm families in Michigan are finding that their cattle have Bovine Tuberculosis. When this occurs, they face a challenge to their family business, their family processes, and their way of life. The Michigan Bovine TB eradication program also confronts them. Together, Bovine TB and the eradication program cause significant stress, straining the relationship of farmers with their farm ecosystems, and causing the loss of ability to effectively participate in decision-making that is crucial to the farm family and the farm business. These experiences define farm families as recipients of environmental injustice. There is a need to achieve environmental justice by reducing the impact of Bovine TB, as well as adverse effects of programs designed to eliminate the disease.
A Review of SiC Power Module Packaging Technologies: Challenges, Advances, and Emerging Issues

Power module packaging technologies have been experiencing extensive changes as the novel silicon carbide (SiC) power devices with superior performance become commercially available. This article presents an overview of power module packaging technologies in this transition, with an emphasis on the challenges that current standard packaging face, requirements that future power module packaging needs to fulfill, and recent advances on packaging technologies. The standard power module structure, which is a widely used current practice to package SiC devices, is reviewed, and the reasons why novel packaging technologies should be developed are described in this article. The packaging challenges associated with high-speed switching, thermal management, high-temperature operation, and high-voltage isolation are explained in detail. Recent advances on technologies, which try to address the limitations of standard packaging, both in packaging elements and package structure are summarized. The trend toward novel soft-switching power converters gave rise to problems regarding package designs of unconventional module configuration. Potential applications areas, such as aerospace applications, introduce low-temperature challenges to SiC packaging. Key issues in these emerging areas are highlighted.
Using the BODE Index and Comorbidities to Predict Health Utilization Resources in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.

Background and Objective Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common chronic respiratory disease that in the long term may develop into respiratory failure or even cause death and may coexist with other diseases. Over time, it may incur huge medical expenses, resulting in a heavy socio-economy burden. The BODE (Body mass index, airflow Obstruction, Dyspnea, and Exercise capacity) index is a predictor of the number and severity of acute exacerbations of COPD. This study focused on the correlation between the BODE index, comorbidity, and healthcare resource utilization in COPD. Patients and Methods This is a retrospective study of clinical outcomes of COPD patients with complete BODE index data in our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016. Based on the patients' medical records in our hospital's electronic database from January 1, 2015 to August 31, 2017, we analyzed the correlation between BODE index, Charlson comorbidity index (CCI), and medical resources. Results Of the 396 patients with COPD who met the inclusion criteria, 382 (96.5%) were male, with an average age of 71.3 ± 8.4 years. Healthcare resource utilization was positively correlated with the BODE index during the 32 months of retrospective clinical outcomes. The study found a significant association between the BODE index and the CCI of COPD patients (p < 0.001). In-hospitalization expenses were positively correlated with CCI (p < 0.001). Under the same CCI, the higher the quartile, the higher the hospitalization expenses. BODE quartiles were positively correlated with number of hospitalizations (p < 0.001), hospitalization days (p < 0.001), hospitalization expenses (p = 0.005), and total medical expenses (p = 0.024). Conclusion This study demonstrates the value of examining the BODE index and comorbidities that can predict healthcare resource utilization in COPD.
PREDICTORS OF LONG-TERM MATERNAL CARDIOVASCULAR EVENTS AMONG WOMEN WITH CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE

The modified World Health Organization (mWHO) classification is known to estimate the risk of maternal cardiovascular (CV) events in pregnancy and up to 6 months (mo) postpartum among women with congenital heart disease (CHD). However, predictors of maternal CV events > 6 mo after delivery have not
The Reflex Machine and the Cybernetic Brain: The Critique of Abstraction and its Application to Computationalism

Objections to the computational theory of cognition, inspired by twentieth century phenomenology, have tended to fixate on the embodiment and embeddedness of intelligence. In this paper I reconstru...
Exploring the Relationship of Acculturative Stress and Anxiety Symptoms in Latino Youth

Previous literature suggests that acculturative stress is related to anxiety in Latino youth. However, the cognitive mechanisms by which acculturative stress relates to anxiety symptoms in this population are unknown. The purpose of the current study was to understand how mindfulness and negative automatic thoughts may be related to acculturative stress and anxiety in Latino youth. In particular, this study examined if mindfulness moderated several pathways including the relationship of acculturative stress to automatic thoughts, automatic thoughts to anxiety, acculturative stress to anxiety, and the indirect effect of acculturative stress on anxiety through negative automatic thoughts (moderated mediation). In a sample of 272 middle school-aged, first and second-generation immigrant, Latino participants, acculturative stress, negative automatic thoughts, mindfulness, and anxiety symptoms were measured and examined using PROCESS. Results revealed that mindfulness buffered the relationship of acculturative stress to automatic thoughts; however, mindfulness exacerbated the relationship of acculturative stress to anxiety. Further, a significant moderated mediation effect was found in that mindfulness weakened the relationship of acculturative stress to anxiety symptoms indirectly through automatic thoughts. Overall, the current study helps to clarify the roles of automatic thoughts and mindfulness in the relationship of acculturative stress and anxiety. It provides preliminary evidence that dispositional mindfulness is associated with less acculturative stress and negative automatic thoughts in Latino youth.
Complete response of penile mycosis fungoides with systemic brentuximab therapy.

Abstract Mycosis fungoides with penile involvement is extremely rare. Previous reports have shown successful treatment with imiquimod or a combination of beam radiation and chemotherapy. We present a patient with mycosis fungoides and penile involvement. The penile lesions were initially treated with topical imiquimod; however, he developed worsening glandular lesions and discharge. Therefore the treatment was discontinued. Subsequent treatment with brentuximab (anti-CD30) targeted therapy resulted in complete resolution of the penile lesions. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of a complete penile mycosis fungoides response to brentuximab therapy. Brentuximab may be considered for refractory penile mycoses fungoides.
Statistical evaluation of reader variability in assessing the diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography.

Significance Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is widely used as a potential diagnostic tool for a variety of diseases including various types of cancer. However, sensitivity and specificity analyses of OCT in different cancers yield results varying from 11% to 100%. Hence, there is a need for more detailed statistical analysis of blinded reader studies. Aim Extensive statistical analysis is performed on results from a blinded study involving OCT of breast tumor margins to assess the impact of reader variability on sensitivity and specificity. Approach Five readers with varying levels of experience reading OCT images assessed 50 OCT images of breast tumor margins collected using an intraoperative OCT system. Statistical modeling and analysis was performed using the R language to analyze reader experience and variability. Results Statistical analysis showed that the readers' prior experience with OCT images was directly related to the probability of the readers' assessment agreeing with histology. Additionally, results from readers with prior experience specific to OCT in breast cancer had a higher probability of agreement with histology compared to readers with experience with OCT in other (noncancer) diseases. Conclusions The results from this study demonstrate the potential impact of reader training and experience in the assessment of sensitivity and specificity. They also demonstrate even greater potential improvement in diagnostic performance by combining results from multiple readers. These preliminary findings suggest valuable directions for further study.
Integrin cross-talk modulates stiffness-independent motility of CD4+ T lymphocytes.

Under flow, CD4+ T cells migrate upstream on intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Without flow, motility of CD4+ T lymphocytes on gels increases with stiffness; motility is mechanosensitive ...
Partial-mastery cognitive diagnosis models

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are a family of discrete latent attribute models that serve as statistical basis in educational and psychological cognitive diagnosis assessments. CDMs aim to achieve fine-grained inference on individuals’ latent attributes, based on their observed responses to a set of designed diagnostic items. In the literature CDMs usually assume that items require mastery of specific latent attributes and that each attribute is either fully mastered or not mastered by a given subject. We propose a new class of models, partial mastery CDMs (PM-CDMs), that generalizes CDMs by allowing for partial mastery levels for each attribute of interest. We demonstrate that PM-CDMs can be represented as restricted latent class models. Relying on the latent class representation, we propose a Bayesian approach for estimation. We present simulation studies to demonstrate parameter recovery, to investigate the impact of model misspecification with respect to partial mastery and to develop diagnostic tools that could be used by practitioners to decide between CDMs and PM-CDMs. We use two examples of real test data—the fraction subtraction and the English tests—to demonstrate that employing PM-CDMs not only improves model fit, compared to CDMs, but also can make substantial difference in conclusions about attribute mastery. We conclude that PM-CDMs can lead to more effective remediation programs by providing detailed individual-level information about skills learned and skills that need to study.
Analysis of Adaptive Mesh Refinement methods for FDTD particle-in-cell techniques for EM simulations

Summary form only given. For electromagnetic simulations with particles, the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) technique originally proposed by Yee is still prevalent. However, this technique can be computationally unfeasible when solving large domains with small geometric features such as is typical in many HPM devices. One approach is to resolve geometrically and physically small features with areas of high mesh refinement, while the bulk of the problem is resolved with a coarser mesh. As the problem evolves, such areas of refinement can move to account for changing physics, ensuring efficient coverage of the problem domain. Such techniques are called Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) techniques. We are presenting the results from a refinement study for a conformal planar and a non-conformal circular magnetron. These results are focus on the refinement requirements within these devices as a function of space and time. From these results, we are postulate a scheme for accurately resolving the physics of the device and estimate the expected efficiency of adaptive techniques to solve such problems.
Succession Following the 1974 Waterfalls Canyon Fire

In the early 1970's, the growing awareness of the potential ecological impacts of fire suppression and the threat of more intensive fires due to fuel accumulation in fire-suppressed forests prompted the National Park Service to allow some fires to burn (Grand Teton National Park 1974). One of the first "prescribed natural fires" in a western National Park was the Waterfalls Canyon Fire (WCF) in Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). It was ignited by lightning in July 1974. Amid much public controversy (Anonymous 1974), the fire burned 1414 ha before it was extinguished by snow in December. In the following year, GTNP biologists established permanent plots within and adjacent to the WCF in forests dominated by subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and lodgepole pine, and which varied in fire severity and time since fire. The goal of the study was to document the effect of the 1974 fire by monitoring long-term changes in vegetation, breeding birds, and small mammals (Barmore et al. 1976). Data were collected from four study areas in 1975, 1976, 1977, and 1983 under the direction of William Barmore. In 1991 and 1992 we resampled the permanently-marked vegetation plots and breeding bird transects. Our objectives were to compile, analyze and interpret all of the data collected from the four study areas since 1975.
OKlAHOMA HAIL OF FAME

The Oklahoma Hall of Fame recognizes current and former residents, living or deceased, who have performed outstanding service to humanity, to the State of Oklahoma, and to the United States or an individual who is not a resident of Oklahoma but whose work has brought honor or distinction to the heritage of the state.
Active Controllers for Reducing Vibration Amplitude

Linear quadratic regulators (LQR) have been used extensively in many feedback control applications. In the area of control and structure interaction, LQR have been applied to large space structures to suppress the vibration due to flexibility. To prevent structural damages, LQR can be used to reduce the vibration due to large external excitations. Although, both applications are concerned about the suppression of vibration, in the space application it seems more important to reduce the vibration to zero in a short period of time. This is usually related to the case where the vibration deteriorates control performance. On the other hand, to prevent structure damages it is more important to reduce the vibration amplitude. As long as the amplitude of vibration is small the vibration is not required to be suppressed to exact zero, and the vibration is allowed to last a long period of time. One should note that the instantaneous amplitude of vibration is not minimized in an LQR formulation; instead, the total sum of the square of the vibration amplitude during the whole operation period is minimized. Therefore, an LQR may have an unacceptable amplitude at some time instants but still have an acceptable performance. In this paper, we investigate an LQR in terms of its ability in reducing the vibration amplitude. We have obtained an LQR with adjustable gains to control the vibration amplitude.
Multi-dimensional reduction and transfer function design using parallel coordinates

Multi-dimensional transfer functions are widely used to provide appropriate data classification for direct volume rendering. Nevertheless, the design of a multi-dimensional transfer function is a complicated task. In this paper, we propose to use parallel coordinates, a powerful tool to visualize high-dimensional geometry and analyze multivariate data, for multi-dimensional transfer function design. This approach has two major advantages: (1) Combining the information of spatial space (voxel position) and parameter space; (2) Selecting appropriate highdimensional parameters to obtain sophisticated data classification. Although parallel coordinates offers simple interface for the user to design the high-dimensional transfer function, some extra work such as sorting the coordinates is inevitable. Therefore, we use a local linear embedding technique for dimension reduction to reduce the burdensome calculations in the high dimensional parameter space and to represent the transfer function concisely. With the aid of parallel coordinates, we propose some novel high-dimensional transfer function widgets for better visualization results. We demonstrate the capability of our parallel coordinates based transfer function (PCbTF) design method for direct volume rendering using CT and MRI datasets.
Fixed-Grid Characteristics for Pipeline Transients

The method of characteristics with fixed-grid intervals used to predict pipeline transients can be enhanced by projecting characteristics from outside the fundamental grid size. At interior regions linear interpolations are used which satisfy the required stability criterion and at boundaries linear interpolations along time lines complete the numerical solution. An error analysis shows the effects of interpolation, spacing, and grid size on numerical attenuation and dispersion; the results suggest ways to improve the predicted transients by adjusting three finite differencing parameters. Numerical solutions for constant and variable wave speed conditions are presented and show how high-frequency components become less severely suppressed.
Object-Oriented Text Decomposition: A Methodology for Creating CAI Using Hypertext

This paper presents a methodology for developing computer-assisted instructional material (CAI) intended for use in a transfer learning mode. The development process is characterized by the ordered decomposition of an original knowledge base which will provide the information content of the tutorial. The decomposition process keys on fleshing out key concepts and placing them into a hierarchy of levels of abstraction and detail, where relationships between concepts serve as links between levels. In the process, the knowledge base is parsed into individual text passages, each essentially a mini-tutorial on a single concept-relationship pair. The finished product is a formally structured collection of text passages.
Advanced Optical Condition Monitoring

The application of Advanced Optical Condition Monitoring to optical leak detection and plume spectrometry is discussed. The development of these selected sensors for propulsion system monitoring is addressed.
Living Through the End of Nature: The Future of American Environmentalism

Environmentalists have always worked to protect the wildness of nature but now must find a new direction. We have so tamed, colonized, and contaminated the natural world that safeguarding it from humans is no longer an option. Humanity's imprint is now everywhere and all efforts to "preserve" nature require extensive human intervention. At the same time, we are repeatedly told that there is no such thing as nature itself -- only our own conceptions of it. One person's endangered species is another's dinner or source of income. In Living Through the End of Nature, Paul Wapner probes the meaning of environmentalism in a postnature age. Wapner argues that we can neither go back to a preindustrial Elysium nor forward to a technological utopia. He proposes a third way that takes seriously the breached boundary between humans and nature and charts a co-evolutionary path in which environmentalists exploit the tension between naturalism and mastery to build a more sustainable, ecologically vibrant, and socially just world. Beautifully written and thoughtfully argued, Living Through the End of Nature provides a powerful vision for environmentalism's future
Comment on “a new expression for the combinatorial entropy of mixing in liquid mixtures”

Abstract The solution model proposed by Huyskens and Haulait-Pirson is applied to an associated solution. Expressions based on this model show that the equilibrium constant for complex formation is likely to be a function of both mole and volume fraction compositions.
Fluctuation-exchange supplemented quantum Monte Carlo approach to the Hubbard model

This paper introduces an ansatz-based technique for solution of the Hubbard model over two length scales. Short-range correlations are treated exactly using a dynamical cluster approximation quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) simulation, while longer-length-scale physics requiring larger cluster sizes is incorporated through the introduction of the fluctuation-exchange approximation. The properties of the resulting hybrid scheme are examined and the description of local-moment formation is compared to exact results in one dimension (1D). The effects of electron-electron coupling and electron doping on the shape of the Fermi surface are demonstrated in 2D. Causality is examined in both 1D and 2D. We find that the scheme is successful if QMC clusters of ${N}_{C}g~4$ are used (with sufficiently high temperatures in 1D), however, very small QMC clusters of ${N}_{C}=1$ lead to acausal results.
Compressive Sensing by Learning a Gaussian Mixture Model From Measurements

Compressive sensing of signals drawn from a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) admits closed-form minimum mean squared error reconstruction from incomplete linear measurements. An accurate GMM signal model is usually not available a priori , because it is difficult to obtain training signals that match the statistics of the signals being sensed. We propose to solve that problem by learning the signal model in situ , based directly on the compressive measurements of the signals, without resorting to other signals to train a model. A key feature of our method is that the signals being sensed are treated as random variables and are integrated out in the likelihood. We derive a maximum marginal likelihood estimator (MMLE) that maximizes the likelihood of the GMM of the underlying signals given only their linear compressive measurements. We extend the MMLE to a GMM with dominantly low-rank covariance matrices, to gain computational speedup. We report extensive experimental results on image inpainting, compressive sensing of high-speed video, and compressive hyperspectral imaging (the latter two based on real compressive cameras). The results demonstrate that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art methods by significant margins.
Attitudes and Beliefs About Adolescent Work and Workplace Safety Among Parents of Working Adolescents

Abstract Purpose This study was designed to examine the attitudes and beliefs of the parents of working adolescents related to the safety of the employment of their children. Methods A cross-sectional telephone survey was conducted in 2003 among English-speaking parents of working adolescents aged 14–18 years in the continental United States. Questions addressed parental concerns about adolescents' employment and potential safety issues at work. Results Most parents expressed favorable attitudes about adolescent employment, although many expressed concerns about fatigue (48%), problems completing schoolwork (33%), or spending time with families (35%). Half of all parents indicated concerns about adolescents being present during a robbery, and 40–50% were concerned about adolescents working alone or not having adequate safety training. Parents were favorable to laws that regulate the teen work environment, although most (69%) also indicated that parents, not laws, should determine the work that teens do. Conclusions Parents of working teens are favorable to their teens working, but they do have varied concerns about safety. Although many parents believe they should set the rules about teen work, they are also generally supportive of governmental regulation of hours and tasks. Helping parents understand child labor policies and consider evidence about work hazards may facilitate their ability to provide appropriate advice to their children.
High-Frequency Sound Waves to Eliminate a Horizon in the Mixmaster Universe

From the linear wave equation for small-amplitude sound waves in a curved space-time, there is derived a geodesiclike differential equation for sound rays to describe the motion of wave packets. These equations are applied in the generic, nonrotating, homogeneous closed-model universe (the "mixmaster universe," Bianchi type IX). As for light rays described by Doroshkevich and Novikov (DN), these sound rays can circumnavigate the universe near the singularity to remove particle horizons only for a small class of these models and in special directions. Although these results parallel those of DN, different Hamiltonian methods are used for treating the Einstein equations.
Sustaining cardiac claudin-5 levels prevents functional hallmarks of cardiomyopathy in a muscular dystrophy mouse model.

Identification of new molecular targets in heart failure could ultimately have a substantial positive impact on both the health and financial aspects of treating the large heart failure population. We originally identified reduced levels of the cell junction protein claudin-5 specifically in heart in the dystrophin/utrophin-deficient (Dmdmdx;Utrn−/−) mouse model of muscular dystrophy and cardiomyopathy, which demonstrates physiological hallmarks of heart failure. We then showed that at least 60% of cardiac explant samples from patients with heart failure resulting from diverse etiologies also have reduced claudin-5 levels. These claudin-5 reductions were independent of changes in other cell junction proteins previously linked to heart failure. The goal of this study was to determine whether sustaining claudin-5 levels is sufficient to prevent the onset of histological and functional indicators of heart failure. Here, we show the proof-of-concept rescue experiment in the Dmdmdx;Utrn−/− model, in which claudin-5 reductions were originally identified. Expression of claudin-5 4 weeks after a single administration of recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) containing a claudin-5 expression cassette prevented the onset of physiological hallmarks of cardiomyopathy and improved histological signs of cardiac damage. This experiment demonstrates that claudin-5 may represent a novel treatment target for prevention of heart failure.
Phosphate diester hydrolysis by mono- and dinuclear lanthanum complexes with an unusual third-order dependence.

A series of mono- and dinuclear lanthanum complexes of 15,31-dimethyl-3,11,19,27,33,35-hexaazapentacyclo[27.3.1.15,91.13,17.121,25]hexatriaconta-5,7,9(33),13,15,17(34),21,23,25(35),29,31,1(36)-dodecaene-34,36-diol (24RBPyBC, L) have been defined in solution. Their ability to hydrolyze bis(4-nitrophenyl) phosphate, a phosphate diester, was studied. The various metal-coordinated hydroxide nucleophiles that form in solution attack the substrate in the hydrolysis reaction. The dihydroxo dilanthanum complex, L-2La-2(OH), is the most effective catalyst. Its rate constant is 75 times larger than the rate constant for the monohydroxo dilanthanum complex, L-2La-OH. The mononuclear complexes are not as successful as the dinuclear complexes because they have fewer metal ions per complex to act as Lewis acids. They also cannot generate hydroxide nucleophiles at low pH values like the dinuclear complexes can. The reaction has an unusual third-order dependence on the catalyst concentration which is valid for the dinucl...
Citrobacter urinary tract infections in children.

Background Citrobacter species have been described as the etiologic agents in cases of bacteremia, meningitis, diarrhea and brain abscess, but little is known of their role as a cause of urinary tract infections in children. The purpose of this study was to define the role of Citrobacter species in pediatric urinary tract infections. Methods The project consisted of a retrospective chart review of microbiologic and medical records of patients younger than 18 years of age with urine cultures positive for Citrobacter species during a 3-year period. Results Thirty-four patients with 37 infections were included in the review. The average patient age was 6.9 years (range, 1 month to 18 years) and 71% were female. Fifty-six percent of the patients had urinary tract/renal anomalies or neurologic impairment and 26% represented nosocomial infections. Thirty-seven percent of patients were asymptomatic at the time of diagnosis, whereas 63% complained of at least one of the following findings: gastrointestinal symptoms; dysuria; fever; incontinence; penile/vaginal discharge; frequency; flank pain; and hematuria. Twenty-six of the isolates were Citrobacter freundii and 11 were Citrobacter koseri. Blood cultures were obtained in 9 patients and all were negative for Citrobacter isolates. Conclusions Although it is uncommon Citrobacter can cause urinary tract infections in the pediatric population, which occur more frequently in children with underlying medical conditions. It appears that treatment similar to that of other gram-negative enteric organisms is the most prudent approach to these children until more information can be gathered.
Day-to-day functioning: Does neuropsychology have a role?

Neuropsychology of everyday functioning. Thomas D. Marcotte & Igor Grant (Eds.). 2010. New York: Guilford. ISBN 978–1–60623–459–4 (hbk.). Pp. 477. $65. The original purpose of neuropsychological te...
Asymmetric or symmetric time preference and discounting in many facets of economic theory: A miscellany

Factual accounts of how different people actually do discount future events and do over-estimate and under estimate the likelihood of future gains and losses are seen to vary with time and place. Lifetime distributions of wealth and income correlate with choices by those who live mostly for the present and against those who think now about differential future outputs. Rates of time discount and degree of optimism (rational vs. irrational) are seen to overlap ambiguously. Each “behaviorist” pattern can be matched by its reversed pattern.
CO2 Capture Using 2,2-Dialkylpropane-1,3-diamines

A series of 2,2-dialkylpropane-1,3-diamines were synthesized and evaluated as potential phase-changing CO2 sorbents. In general, these compounds readily absorbed CO2 to form solid carbamate salts, which were relatively insensitive to the presence of moisture. This is one of the key performance attributes phase-changing sorbents must possess. However, these diamines were found to be less thermally stable in air than expected. The main reaction products obtained during heat aging at 150 °C appeared to be 1,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives.
A Simplified Method to Predict Energy Cost Savings in Office Buildings Using a Hybrid Desiccant, Absorption Chiller, and Natural Gas Turbine Cogeneration System With Thermal Storage

This paper provides a simplified analysis tool to predict the energy savings associated with the usage of a hybrid air conditioning system that combines liquid desiccant, absorption chiller, natural gas turbine cogeneration system with thermal storage (hereafter hybrid cogeneration system) versus a watercooled centrifugal chiller with a natural gas boiler (hereafter conventional system). The hybrid cogeneration system is controlled to track both electrical and thermal loads. The simplified analysis method is formulated from detailed energy simulation models. A direct correlation has been determined between the energy cost savings of using the hybrid cogeneration system instead of the conventional system and the cogeneration capacity, peak electricity rate, and natural gas rate for five U.S. cities: Atlanta, Chicago, Denver, New York, and San Francisco.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Spirometry, Measurement, and Race in the Nineteenth Century

Race correction is a common practice in contemporary pulmonary medicine that involves mathematical adjustment of lung capacity measurements in populations designated as "black" using standards derived largely from populations designated as "white." This article traces the history of the racialization and gendering of spirometry through an examination of the ideas and practices related to lung capacity measurements that circulated between Britain and the United States in the nineteenth century. Lung capacity was first conceptualized as a discrete entity of potential use in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease and monitoring of the vitality of the armed forces and other public servants in spirometric studies conducted in mid-nineteenth-century Britain. The spirometer was then imported to the United States and used to measure the capacity of the lungs in a large study of black and white soldiers in the Union Army sponsored by the U.S. Sanitary Commission at the end of the Civil War. Despite contrary findings and contestation by leading black intellectuals, the notion of mean differences between racial groups in the capacity of the lungs became deeply entrenched in the popular and scientific imagination in the nineteenth century, leaving unexamined both the racial categories deployed to organize data and the conditions of life that shape lung function.
Geopolymer formation and its unique properties

The characteristic property of naturally-occurring geopolymers is a high content of humic materials that are recognized by the nitrogen function. Through a simulated geopolymerization, biopolymers with non-nitrogen function, such as xanthan gum, were found to have the characteristics of humic acid by means of UV–Vis spectrometry. This fact ascertains that any kind of biopolymer may naturally transform to a geopolymer. A geopolymer is a type of crosslinked long-chain compound, built in three-dimensional structures whose property is immune to microbial degradation. A crosslinked biopolymer was shown to have the same characterization as a geopolymer that has a long life due to its crosslinking capacity and anti-microbial properties. In this study, the formation of petroleum-based geopolymers (e.g., kerogen) was introduced. This study may elucidate the structure of geomacromolecules and the mechanism of their formation, closely related with crosslink reaction between inorganic and organic molecules. This will further change the conventional definition of geopolymer that involves only the inorganic geopolymer.
Detections of the 2175 Å Dust Feature at 1.4 ≲ z ≲ 1.5 from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey

The strongest spectroscopic dust extinction feature in the Milky Way, the broad absorption bump at 2175 A, is generally believed to be caused by aromatic carbonaceous materials, very likely a mixture of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules, the most abundant and widespread organic molecules in the Milky Way. In this paper, we report identifications of this absorption feature in three galaxies at 1.4 z 1.5 that produce intervening Mg II absorption toward quasars discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. The observed spectra can be fitted using Galactic-type extinction laws, characterized by parameters [RV,E(B - V)] [0.7,0.14], [1.9, 0.13], and [5.5, 0.23], respectively, where RV ≡ AV/E(B - V) is the total-to-selective extinction ratio and E(B - V) ≡ AB - AV is the color excess. These discoveries imply that the dust in these distant quasar absorption systems is similar in composition to that of the Milky Way, but with a range of different grain size distributions. The presence of complex aromatic hydrocarbon molecules in such distant galaxies is important for both astrophysical and astrobiological investigations.
Isolation of a family of Drosophila POU domain genes expressed in early development.

Abstract The POU domain is a ∼ 140 amino acid domain shared by several mammalian transcriptional activators. We have isolated genomic and cDNA clones from three Drosophila POU domain genes, designated pdm-1, pdm-2 , and Cfla . All three genes encode a conserved POU-specific domain and a POU homeo domain but are otherwise divergent. By Northern analysis, all three of the genes are expressed in early embryos; the pdm-1 and Cfla genes are also expressed at lower levels throughout development. The spatial expression patterns of the pdm-2 and Cfla genes show that they probably play multiple roles during development: an early role in specific ectodermal cells, and a subsequent role in the embryonic nervous system.