cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Minimizing error in the logarithmic decrement method through uncertainty propagation

Abstract Logarithmic decrement is a well known approach for estimating the damping ratio from a time history. This paper uses uncertainty propagation to unveil how uncertainties in different quantities can impact damping ratio estimates. More specifically, the trade-off between the number of periods N between the first and final peaks and measurement noise is addressed. The insights gained from this analysis are condensed into a single graphic or guide which provides the ideal number of periods N to use for a common range of measurement uncertainties and damping ratios. The guide is then applied to experimental data derived from image processing to estimate the damping ratio.
Life maintaining activity of delta1 desoxycorticosterone acetate.

SummaryThe steroid Δ1 deoxycorticosterone acetate will maintain adrenalectomized immature rats for 20 days with dosages of 0.25 mg and 0.5 mg and will increase daily body weight 1 and 2 g respectively. Activity is approximately 1/8 to 1/10 that of deoxycorticosterone acetate. Liver water content was unchanged in maintained adrenalectomized rats and the relative liver protein content of adrenalectomized rats receiving Δ1 desoxycorticosterone acetate was comparable to that of normal rats. This steroid did not alter organ weights in normal immature female rats over a 10-day period except for a tendency toward liver weight increase.
Correlates of home dream recall: reported home sleep characteristics and home dream recall.

Abstract A sleep and dream log was filled out by 55 young adult males for 14 consecutive days. A correlational analysis of 15 sleep and dream recall variables yielded results suggesting that detailed dream reports tend to come from end-of-the-night REM-period awakenings. while vague reports are probably associated with nocturnal awakenings with relatively long times back to sleep and no-content dream reports are derived from briefer nocturnal awakenings. Frequent detailed dream recallers (recallers), as compared with nonrecallers (Ss with infrequent detailed recall), took longer to get to sleep but were calmer before sleep, had less abrupt and more spontaneous terminal awakenings and reported feeling more refreshed on awakening. Abrupt awakenings tended to be associated with vague reports in recallers but with detailed reports in nonrecallers. On the basis of these findings, it was argued that recallers tended to awaken from REM sleep and nonrecallers from NREM sleep in the morning. No relationship was found between cognitive style and ease of dream recall in this sample of Ss.
Comparison of the clinical results of three posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction techniques.

BACKGROUND: Despite its technical complexity, arthroscopic tibial inlay reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament has biomechanical advantages over transtibial procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the clinical results of arthroscopic tibial inlay single-bundle and double-bundle techniques with those of the conventional transtibial single-bundle technique. METHODS: We evaluated twenty-nine patients treated with primary posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and followed for longer than two years. Eight patients were treated with a transtibial single-bundle procedure; eleven, with an arthroscopic inlay single-bundle procedure; and ten, with an arthroscopic inlay double-bundle procedure. An Achilles tendon allograft was used in all cases. Each patient was evaluated on the basis of the Lysholm knee score, the mean side-to-side difference in tibial translation as measured on Telos stress radiographs, and the side-to-side difference in the range of motion of the knee. RESULTS: The mean side-to-side difference (and standard deviation) in posterior tibial translation differed significantly between the arthroscopic tibial inlay double-bundle group (3.6 ± 1.43 mm) and the transtibial single-bundle group (5.6 ± 2.0 mm) (p = 0.023), although there was no significant difference between the arthroscopic inlay single-bundle group (4.7 ± 1.62 mm) and the transtibial group (p = 0.374). The mean range of motion and Lysholm scores were similar among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: Despite its technical difficulty, the arthroscopic tibial inlay double-bundle technique is our preferred method of reconstruction of the posterior cruciate ligament because it stabilizes posterior tibial translation better than do the other two methods. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence. ORIGINAL ABSTRACT CITATION: “Comparison of the Clinical Results of Three Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Techniques” (2009;91:2543-9).
Process effects in flare measurement

Flare has become a significant problem for low K1 lithography. Several authors have reported measurement of flare in projection lenses. Most of the work is based on the Flagello-Kirk method using resist clearing dose. To measure the flare reliably and accurately using this method the contribution of the process needs to be understood. In this paper we present data looking at the influence of such effects on the measured flare.
Humor in the Physician-Patient Encounter

Medicine is serious business, but physicians have always tried to balance the heavier aspects of their work with humor and lightness. Hippocrates,for example, wrote that physicians should cultivate a serious and respectable image, but at the same time he advised them to use wit in interacting with their patients because "dourness is repulsive both to the healthy and to the sick." While humor is frequent in the clinical setting, much of it occurs among professionals, rather than within the physician-patient relationship. Such humor arises in response to the difficult and stressful situations that occur in medicine and takes the form of irony, "put-downs," and gallows humor. In this article, we focus on the use of humor as a timeless mode of communication between physicians and patients, and we review the benefits and risks of humor in today's pressured physician-patient encounters.
Changes in intellect with age. IV. Changes in achievement and survival in older people.

(1965). Changes in Intellect with Age: IV. Changes in Achievement and Survival in Older People. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 107, No. 1, pp. 3-14.
Resident remediation, probation, and dismissal basic considerations for program directors.

Objectives: To suggest a basic new approach for pathology training programs to consider when a resident requires remediation, probation, or dismissal. Methods: Remediation, probation, or dismissal of the poorly performing pathology resident is one of the most difficult and challenging aspects of any pathology training program. The poorly performing resident requires extra time and resources from the faculty and the program and can be disruptive for the entire program. Effective remediation requires faculty development, a well-constructed remediation or probation plan, and documentation. Results: Despite best efforts, not all remediation plans are successful and dismissal of the resident will need to be seriously considered. Conclusions: Approaches to dealing with resident performance issues can be variable and need to be tailored to the issue being addressed.
Dissemination of effective methods: Behavior therapy's next challenge

Dissemination of effective interventions developed by behavior therapists is one of behavior therapy's most important tasks now and in the coming years. I argue that dissemination is timely when a treatment is supported by efficacy data from randomized controlled trials or from a large series of single case studies. I offer recommendations for improving dissemination of empirically supported behavioral interventions and methods.
New internal standards for basic amino acid analyses

Abstract Eight derivatives of cysteine and penicillamine with 2- and 4-vinyl-pyridine, p-nitrobenzyl bromide, and p-nitrostyrene were evaluated as potential internal standards for the short and long (physiological) basic columns in amino acid analysis by ion-exchange chromatography. S-β-(4-pyridylethyl)- dl -penicillamine (4-PEP) was found to have an advantage over the previously proposed S-β-(4-pyridylethyl)- l -cysteine (4-PEC) since the elution position of 4-PEP on the short basic column is insensitive to minor changes in pH of the eluting citrate buffer. 4-PEP was found to be stable to acid hydrolysis as used for proteins and its recovery from protein hydrolysates was unaffected by the presence of starch during hydrolysis. However, an extra 14 min is required to elute 4-PEP on the short column. Of the eight compounds studied, six appcar suitable as internal standards on the physiological (long) column. These elute in widely differing positions between histidine and arginine, thus offering a choice of internal standards for special analysis on the basic long column.
The impact of grand strategy and planning formality on financial performance

An empirical study involving 97 manufacturing firms that averaged $20 million in annual sales yielded a strong positive correlation between the degree of planning formality and firm performance. Additionally, interactive analysis disclosed that this relationship pervaded various grand strategies; the implication being that formalized strategic planning was consistently a positive factor associated with high levels of organizational performance.
A transactional model of parent-infant interactions in alcoholic families

This study examined the transactional nature of parent-infant interactions over time among alcoholic and nonalcoholic families. The sample consisted of 222 families assessed at 12, 18, and 24 months of child age. Results indicated that infant behavior did not influence parental behavior across time, but parental behavior was longitudinally predictive of infant behavior during play interactions. Higher paternal alcohol consumption at 12 months was longitudinally predictive of negative parental behavior at 24 months. Other significant risk factors included marital conflict, fathers' depression, and fathers' education. Results highlight the nested nature of risk in alcoholic families and the direction of influence from parent to child during interactions and suggest that 1 pathway to risk among these children is through negative parent-infant interactions.
Overview of interactive TV from the viewpoint of the cable TV settop converter's RF modem

The Digital settop converters that are on the drawing boards now will be able to support near video on demand (NVOD), electronic program guide and simple interactivity. Most of the return path information will be information relating to services received and billing information. The first settops will be closely followed by settop converters that support full video on demand with more capable graphics and interactivity. They are characterized by the ability to receive both analog and digital television signals. This paper discusses one implementation of a CATV settop converter's digital RF modems and how a PC modem might differ from the CATV modem.
Self-addressable memory-based FSM: a scalable intrusion detection engine

One way to detect and thwart a network attack is to compare each incoming packet with predefined patterns, also called an attack pattern database, and raise an alert upon detecting a match. This article presents a novel pattern-matching engine that exploits a memory-based, programmable state machine to achieve deterministic processing rates that are independent of packet and pattern characteristics. Our engine is a self-addressable memory-based finite state machine (SAMFSM), whose current state coding exhibits all its possible next states. Moreover, it is fully reconfigurable in that new attack patterns can be updated easily. A methodology was developed to program the memory and logic. Specifically, we merge "non-equivalent" states by introducing "super characters" on their inputs to further enhance memory efficiency without adding labels. SAM-FSM is one of the most storage-efficient machines and reduces the memory requirement by 60 times. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate the validity of SAM-FSM.
Superharmonic injection-locked frequency dividers

Injection-locked oscillators (ILOs) are investigated in a new theoretical approach. A first-order differential equation is derived for the noise dynamics of ILOs. A single-ended injection-locked frequency divider (SILFD) is designed in a 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology operating at 1.8 GHz with more than 190 MHz locking range while consuming 3 mW of power. A differential injection-locked frequency divider (DILFD) is designed in a 0.5-/spl mu/m CMOS technology operating at 3 GHz and consuming 0.45 mW, with a 190 MHz locking range. A locking range of 370 MHz is achieved for the DILFD when the power consumption is increased to 1.2 mW.
The Backcast: A Sales Performance Evaluation Tool at Coca-Cola

Future sales can normally be estimated using a variety of tools, e.g., long-range or current year sales forecasts based upon business cycle, industry, or company considerations. However, only one method is usually available to a sales manager or salesman for assessing current sales performance: comparison of the most recent actual sales figures to those estimated in the latest annual sales forecast. At Coca-Cola USA, it was determined that a longer-range sales performance evaluation tool was needed to supplement the conventional annual forecast in response to the question, “Are my sales growing or declining?” This new information/evaluation tool, termed the “backcast,” is described and related in reference to the management control obtained by the use of the more conventional forecast. Subsequent sections describe the use of backcasts at Coca-Cola USA and outline some possible extensions for the use of the backcast.
The fourth dimension: endocavitary ventricular tachycardia.

Radiofrequency ablation is now a cornerstone in the management of ventricular tachycardia (VT). VT ablation plays a palliative role in decreasing shocks and improving the quality of life in patients with structural heart disease and is often curative in treating VT in patients with normal hearts.1,2 When compared with other types of ablation, however, VT procedures have lower success rates, have a propensity for complications, and are technically challenging. A recognized cause for difficulty is the need to address the 3-dimensional pathological substrate (endocardial, midmyocardial, epicardial). At present, combined endocardial and epicardial approaches3 have largely addressed this problem and, along with a larger electrode and irrigation-based ablation, may allow success for the midmyocardial substrate as well. See article p 324 Recently, a novel syndrome of VT arising from the papillary muscles (PMs) has been described.4,–,6 This arrhythmia, along with VT arising from other endocavitary structures (moderator band, false tendon),7 has brought to light a fourth dimension that the interventional electrophysiologist has to appreciate and navigate during ablation. In this issue of Circulation: Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology , Yamada et al8 report electrophysiological findings in 19 patients who underwent successful ablation of PM VT. We learn from their study the problems related to pace mapping the potential for multiple morphologies arising from a single substrate and the unique mapping and ablation-related difficulty with this entity. When analyzing their findings, we are compelled to address important issues related to the specific mechanism of this novel syndrome, as well as assessing our present general limitations of how we map and ablate VT. The premise that pacing at the site of a focal arrhythmia origin will reproduce the QRS morphology of the tachycardia is a commonly used strategy with ablation.9,10 Yamada …
Online searching styles: A case-study-based model of searching behavior

The model of operationalist and conceptualist searching styles describes searching behavior of experienced online searchers. It is based on the systematic observation of five experienced online searchers doing their regular, job-related searches, and on the analysis of 10 to 13 searches conducted by each of them. Operational-ist searchers aim at optimal strategles to achleve precise retrieval; they use a large range of system capabilities in their interaction. They preserve the specific meaning of the request, and the aim of their iterations is an answer set representing the request precisely. Conceptualist searchers analyze a request by seeking to fit it into a faceted structure. They first enter the facet that represents the most important aspect of the request. Their search is then centered on retrieving subsets from this primary set by introducing additional facets. In contrast to the operationalists, they are primarily concerned with recall. During the interaction they preserve the faceted structure, but may change the specific meaning of the request. Although not comprehensive, the model aids in recognizing special and individual characteristics of searching behavior which provide explanations of previous research and guidelines for further investigations into the search process.
Maximum-likelihood block detection of noncoherent continuous phase modulation

The authors examine maximum-likelihood block detection of uncoded full response continuous phase modulation (CPM) over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Both the maximum-likelihood metrics and the bit error probability performances of the associated detection algorithms are considered. The special and popular case of minimum-shift-keying (MSK) corresponding to h=0.5 and constant amplitude frequency pulse is treated separately. The many new receiver structures that result from this investigation can be compared to the traditional ones that have been used in the past both from the standpoint of simplicity of implementation and optimality of performance. >
Momentum-Balance Aspects of Free-Settling Theory. I. Batch Thickening

Abstract The theory of batch gravity thickening of an initially free-settling slurry is considered, taking into account the momentum-balance relationships for the system. It is concluded that graded-concentration zones which develop during the process must lie in the compression concentration range; retarding forces necessary to produce increase in concentration are not present in free settling.
The Use of Impression Management Tactics in Structured Interviews: A Function of Question Type?

This study investigated impression management tactic use during structured interviews containing both experience-based and situational questions. Specifically, the authors examined whether applicants' use of impression management tactics depended on question type. Results from 119 structured interviews indicated that almost all of the applicants used some form of impression management. Significantly more assertive than defensive impression management tactics were used, and among assertive tactics, applicants tended to use self-promotion rather than ingratiation. However, different question types prompted the use of different impression management tactics. Ingratiation tactics were used significantly more when applicants answered situational questions, whereas self-promotion tactics were used significantly more when applicants answered experience-based questions. Furthermore, the use of self-promotion and ingratiation tactics was positively related to interviewer evaluations.
Broadcast Detection Structures with Applications to Sensor Networks

Journal Paper. Earliest preprint of article is entitled, "Broadcast Detection Structures with Applications to Sensor Networks" (filename Lex2006Mar1BroadcastD.PDF). The version that was accepted and is to appear in the IEEE Transactions of Signal Processing is now titled, "Distributed Structures, Sequential Optimization, and Quantization for Detection" (filename posted_preprint_broadcast_mal2007.pdf).
The Evolution of the Galactic Bulge

The central stellar bulge of the Milky Way is a distinct stellar population with age of order 10 Gyr and abundance range from -1.5 to nearly +1.0 dex. A portion of the AGB population in the bulges of the Milky Way, M31, and M32 is too luminous to have evolved from a stellar population as old as the globular clusters. Because of its distinct structure and stellar population, the history of the bulge is likely to be unique among galactic stellar populations, but may resemble that of elliptical and S0 galaxies.
Predicting the drift motion for kinematically redundant robots

Redundant robots that are kinematically controlled by using Jacobian pseudoinverses may not have repeatable joint motions. This problem was initially observed and analyzed by C.A. Klein and C.H. Huang (1983). T. Shamir and Y. Yomdin (1988) analyzed this problem using a differential geometric approach. Both studies arrived at conditions under which a cyclic path in the work space does not result in a cyclic path in the joint space. It is shown that these criteria are equivalent. A measure for the drift motion of planar kinematically redundant manipulators is presented. A mathematical analysis that determines the predictable properties of drift motion for planar manipulators operating under pseudoinverse control is presented. In fact, it is shown that the Lyapunov stability analysis and phase portrait techniques can be used to predict the stability behavior of drift utilizing the drift density measure. The information-such as how much drift will occur and which configurations are drift stable-can be obtained from the analysis. >
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon size distributions in aerosols from appliances of residential wood combustion as determined by direct thermal desorption—GC/MS

Abstract In this work, a direct thermal desorption/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) method is implemented to determine the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) composition ( MW =202 – 302 amu ) in size-segregated aerosols from residential wood combustion. Six combustion tests are performed with two commonly burned wood fuel species, Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga sp.) and white oak (Quercus sp.). Atmospheric dilution and cooling of the aerosol plume are simulated in a newly designed wind tunnel, and the resulting aerosols are size classified with an electrical low-pressure impactor (ELPI). ELPI stage data speciated by TD/GC/MS were inverted and modeled using a log normal distribution function. Gravimetrically determined PM2.5 (fine particles with aerodynamic diameters [d a ] μm ) emission rates (2.3– 10.2 g/kg ) corroborate to matrix-corrected ELPI mass measurements of stages 1–8 (2.7– 11.8 g/kg ). Fuel moisture content linearly correlates (r2=0.986) to the PM2.5 mass geometric mean diameter (dg). Combustion efficiency (CO2/CO) and temperature, O2 levels, and gas dilution temperature affect particle size distributions; dg ranges from 313 to 662 nm , indicating an accumulation mode. Reconstruction and summation of inverted ELPI data allow for the quantification of 27 individual PAHs (and clusters of structural PAH isomers); PAHs characterize between 0.01 and 0.07 wt % of the PM2.5 mass. Benzo[a]pyrene predominates the PAH emissions. PAH size allocations (dg range =171 – 331 nm ) are out of phase with PM2.5 mass ones and shifted to finer da. Higher and lower MW PAHs preferentially segregate to fine and coarse da in that order. The ultrafine mode contains on average greater than 80% of the total measured particle number concentration. Values of dg for particulate matter surface area distributions are between 120 and 330 nm . For these tests, PAH mass and PM surface area linearly correlate (r2⩾0.913). Application of a simple function to consider adsorption and absorption mechanisms makes apparent that (a) surface and core compositions of PAH of identical MW groups vary with combustion and (b) preferential surface adsorption of lower MW PAH is possible.
CMCC-SXF025: A High-Resolution Coupled Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Climate Model

This technical report summarizes the SINTEX-F025 (CMCC-SXF025) model technical structure. CMCC-SXF025 is an Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model (AOGCM) developed at INGV-CMCC to perform global seasonal forecasting.This model is used to run special focus experiments in the framework of MERSEA (Marine EnviRonment and Security for the European Area EU-Project).CMCC-SXF025 is an evolution of SINTEX and SINTEX-F and this report indicates the improvement with respect to these previous INGV AOCM models.The new model includes an ocean model with higher resolution: 0.25 degrees as horizontal resolution and 46 vertical levels. The description of model components, coupling methods, compiling and running environments is a guideline for model users.
Gastric tubes, meals, acid, and analysis: rise and decline

The stomach tube was first used to administer food and medication or to remove poisonous substances. Later, it served to aspirate the stomachs of patients with gastric retention. Chemical analysis of stomach contents after a meal was first suggested in 1871 and quickly became an important laboratory procedure as various test-meal stimuli and more flexible tubes were developed. Quantitative estimations of free and total acidity were made by titration with 0.01 mol/L sodium hydroxide and specific indicators. Pentagastrin has supplanted secretagogues such as histamine and betazole; meal stimulation, tubeless tests, and other tests of gastric secretion are no longer used clinically. Tests of gastric acid secretion have been used in the diagnosis of upper gastrointestinal lesions and to help select the type of surgical procedure for gastric and duodenal ulcers, but the tests have decreased in importance because of their limited diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Today, fiberoptic endoscopy is replacing gastric analysis as well as radiologic examination.
The vegetative compatibility group to which the US biocontrol agent Aspergillus flavus AF36 belongs is also endemic to Mexico.

AIMS To assess frequencies of the Aspergillus flavus atoxigenic vegetative compatibility group (VCG) YV36, to which the biocontrol agent AF36 belongs, in maize-growing regions of Mexico. METHODS AND RESULTS Over 3500 A. flavus isolates recovered from maize agroecosystems in four states of Mexico during 2005 through 2008 were subjected to vegetative compatibility analyses based on nitrate nonutilizing mutants. Results revealed that 59 (1·6%) isolates belong to VCG YV36. All 59 isolates had the MAT1-2 idiomorph at the mating-type locus and the single nucleotide polymorphism in the polyketide synthase gene that confers atoxigenicity. Additional degradation of the aflatoxin gene cluster was detected in three isolates. Microsatellite loci analyses revealed low levels of genetic diversity and no linkage disequilibrium within VCG YV36. CONCLUSIONS The VCG to which the biocontrol agent AF36 belongs, YV36, is also native to Mexico. The North American Free Trade Agreement should facilitate adoption of AF36 for use by Mexico in aflatoxin prevention programs. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY An USEPA registered biocontrol agent effective at preventing aflatoxin contamination of crops in the US, is also native to Mexico. This should facilitate the path to registration of AF36 as the first biopesticide for aflatoxin mitigation of maize in Mexico. Economic and health benefits to the population of Mexico should result once aflatoxin mitigation programs based on AF36 applications are implemented.
Steroids in Adrenal Venous Blood of the Dog

SummaryAdrenal venous blood of the dog has been quantitatively analyzed by paper chromatography for steroid components. Fourteen fractions have been isolated; 3 have been identified as 17-hydroxycorticosterone, corticosterone and 11-desoxy-17-hydroxycorticosterone; 7 of the unidentified fractions exhibit chemical reactions characteristic of adrenocorticosteroids.Addendum. In a subsequent experiment conducted in collaboraton with Dr. Hans Hirschmann a sample containing Fractions 7 and 8 was acetylated and chromatographed on paper 901/2 hours, employing the system propylene glycol-hexane described by Savard. Five distinct zones were found by examining the strip under ultraviolet light. These subfractions (numbered 1-5 in order of their position on the chromatogram, starting at the origin) were eluted with methanol and were examined spectroscopically in this solvent and after reaction with phenylhydrazine-sulfuric acid reagent. Subfractions 1, 2, and 3 absorbed maximally near 240 mμ; subfraction 4, near 235 ...
Revisiting the 1979 St. Elias, Alaska, Aftershock Sequence and Its Regional Significance

I have relocated seismicity occurring in the St. Elias, Alaska, region between 1973 and 2002 to examine its relation to the 1979 M S 7.1 St. Elias mainshock and compare the relocations to recent studies of Global Positioning System (GPS)/geodesy, structural geology, geothermometry, and marine geophysical studies. The relocated seismicity clearly shows that much of the seismic deformation is occurring on or above a regional decollement that may be located at the top of the basement of the Yakutat microplate. A persistent Y‐shaped concentration of seismicity located east and north of Icy Bay contains the deepest (15–30 km) earthquakes within the region and reflects the present‐day deformational front between the Yakutat microplate and southern Alaska. Coulomb failure stress modeling suggests that static stress changes had little influence on the location of most aftershocks of the 1979 sequence.
The Protestant Church and the Negro: Recent Pronouncements

... may be more or less remote from the thought of the church members, not to mention their practice. At the same time some of the statements ... represent much serious thought and careful consideration on the part of the bodies responsible for them. Others have less intrinsic authority or significance but are noteworthy because they have at least the weight of official declarations and may be used in educational work among the congregations originating them.'
The Other Side of the Pediatric Inguinal Hernia

Criteria for performing contralateral groin explorations are based on a study of a large group of pediatric patients operated upon at one institution by surgeons who used the same criteria for determining patency of the processus vaginalis and employed similar operative techniques for hernia repair and contralateral exploration.
Private Credit and Unequal Access

The newly released Global Financial Inclusion Index database is the first disaggregated cross-country dataset providing key indicators of financial inclusion. These data allow for the creation an inequality of access index, whereby I argue that countries with higher levels of financial inequality will have less efficient capital allocation. The paper is the first to utilize this novel dataset to evaluate the impact of inclusive access on financial development. The econometric results are straightforward — I find significant evidence that inclusive financial systems are associated with increasing private credit ratios. These results hold controlling for other institutional and market factors.
Brownian Excursions and Minimal Thinness Part II Applications to Boundary Behavior of the Green Function

The article presents what seems to be a new approach to studying the boundary behavior of the Green functions in subdomains of Rn, n ≥ 2. This involves applications of probability, in particular Brownian excursion laws. The new method seems to be especially fruitful in application to the angular derivative problem (see Burdzy (1985b)).
Generalized fault-tolerant quantum computation over nice rings

Transversal operations are an elegant way to realize fault-tolerant quantum gates. Fault-tolerant quantum computation has been studied in detail over a finite field. In this paper, we derive transversal Clifford operations for CSS codes over nice rings, including Fourier transforms, SUM gates, and phase gates. Transversal operations alone cannot provide a computationally universal set of gates. As an example of a non-transversal gate, we derive fault-tolerant implementations of doubly-controlled Z gates for triorthogonal stabilizer codes over nice rings.
Therapeutic drug monitoring using mass spectrometry

Abstract Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM), the measurement of medications in whole blood, serum, or plasma, plays a vital part in the management of patient’s prescribed drugs with narrow therapeutic ranges. Drug concentrations are used to assess and adjust the dosage of a medication to optimize the therapeutic effectiveness while minimizing adverse side effects. The use of mass spectrometry (MS) to perform TDM has been used due its superior sensitivity and specificity over immunoassays which have traditionally been used to measure these compounds. While MS has several advantages for TDM, laboratories need to fully comprehend the unique challenges and limitations of implementing this technology. This chapter will review the clinical, technical, and strategic considerations involved in the implementation of MS to perform TDM with illustrated examples (tacrolimus, levetiracetam, busulfan, and methotrexate) from the author’s laboratory.
Five years of extra credit in a studio-based course: An effort to incentivize socially useful behavior

In studio-based education, students collaboratively work on projects that allow them to learn aspects of design through experience on authentic artifacts, often for outside clients. In our Object-Oriented Design and Development class, this means work on open-source projects, such as Mozilla Servo, OpenMRS, Sahana Eden, and Apache Ambari, as well as our own Expertiza project. This paper recounts five years of experience awarding extra credit for activity that students engaged in to help fellow students. These activities included doing extra peer reviews of classmates' work, helping other teams with their projects, writing various types of quiz questions, and answering questions on the Piazza message board. The incentives often led to “gaming” behavior, where students engaged in activities simply to earn points, with very little benefit to their fellow students. Consequently, the scoring policy has been changed several times during the five-year period. We show how student behavior changed as the rules changed, how we have enhanced review quality, improved responses and response time on Piazza, and transitioned students away from merely helping with project setup, and toward helping other students with the substance of their projects.
The Spiritual Disciplines as Practices of Transformation

Spiritual disciplines are practices of transformation intentionally pursued through the day-to-day actions of deeper living. The spiritual disciplines are conceptualized here in their relationship ...
Enhancing the security of IoT enabled robotics: Protecting TurtleBot file system and communication

The recently emerged Internet of Things (IoT) has already become largely prevalent in today's society. However, strong and fundamental security practices have not been applied to fully protect these systems, partially negating the benefits of IoT. The concept has grown so much in recent years that this lack of a security infrastructure can no longer be ignored. Recent developments in the field of IoT and robotics have proven invaluable in building a solid framework for what lies ahead. This paper focuses on the examination and enhancement of security between IoT enabled robots, specifically in this project, TurtleBots, and the cloud infrastructure supporting them by providing a combined set of security best practices for robotic file systems and communications.
A Survey of Administrative Relationships of Departments of Physical Education in Colleges and Universities

(1942). A Survey of Administrative Relationships of Departments of Physical Education in Colleges and Universities. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 217-228.
Assessment of URANS surface effect ship models for calm water and head waves

Abstract Surface effect ship (SES) air cushion and seal models are implemented in an URANS hydrodynamics solver. The air cushion is modeled either as a prescribed pressure patch, or as a compressible isothermal/adiabatic ideal stagnant air with fan and leakage flows. The seals are either discretized as hinged bodies or modeled as 2D planing surfaces with hydrodynamic interaction. Verification and validation studies are performed using T-Craft experimental data for calm water resistance, sinkage and trim at Froude number (Fr) = 0.1–0.6; impulsive heave and pitch decay at Fr = 0; and wave-induced resistance and motion predictions in head waves at Fr = 0 and 0.6. The compressible air cushion model with fan and leakage flows perform better than those without the fan and leakage flows and the prescribed pressure patch model. The hinged seal model performs better than the 2D planing surface model, but is computationally expensive for time accurate simulations. Therefore, the 2D planing surface model is used for the validation studies. SES simulations on grids with 5.3 M cells show grid verification intervals of 6%, which are comparable to those reported for displacement and semi-planing hull studies on similar grid sizes. On an average calm water and impulsive motion predictions compare within 8.5% of the experimental data, and wave-induced motion predictions show somewhat larger error of 13.5%. The errors levels are mostly comparable to those for displacement and semi-planing and planing hulls. The study identifies that most critical advancement needed for SES simulations is the seal modeling including fluid structure interaction.
Abstract TMP87: Early Surgery for Infective Endocarditis with Stroke Does Not Increase Post-operative Neurological Complications: What are We Waiting For?

Introduction: Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke often complicate infective endocarditis (IE). Optimal timing of surgical intervention for IE with stroke remains controversial. We compared neurologica...
Planarian cholinesterase: molecular and functional characterization of an evolutionarily ancient enzyme to study organophosphorus pesticide toxicity

The asexual freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica has emerged as a medium-throughput alternative animal model for neurotoxicology. We have previously shown that D. japonica are sensitive to organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) and characterized the in vitro inhibition profile of planarian cholinesterase (DjChE) activity using irreversible and reversible inhibitors. We found that DjChE has intermediate features of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Here, we identify two candidate genes (Djche1 and Djche2) responsible for DjChE activity. Sequence alignment and structural homology modeling with representative vertebrate AChE and BChE sequences confirmed our structural predictions, and show that both DjChE enzymes have intermediate sized catalytic gorges and disrupted peripheral binding sites. Djche1 and Djche2 were both expressed in the planarian nervous system, as anticipated from previous activity staining, but with distinct expression profiles. To dissect how DjChE inhibition affects planarian behavior, we acutely inhibited DjChE activity by exposing animals to either an OP (diazinon) or carbamate (physostigmine) at 1 µM for 4 days. Both inhibitors delayed the reaction of planarians to heat stress. Simultaneous knockdown of both Djche genes by RNAi similarly resulted in a delayed heat stress response. Furthermore, chemical inhibition of DjChE activity increased the worms’ ability to adhere to a substrate. However, increased substrate adhesion was not observed in Djche1/Djche2 (RNAi) animals or in inhibitor-treated day 11 regenerates, suggesting this phenotype may be modulated by other mechanisms besides ChE inhibition. Together, our study characterizes DjChE expression and function, providing the basis for future studies in this system to dissect alternative mechanisms of OP toxicity.
Numerical Simulation of Deformation and Failure Behavior of Geosynthetic Reinforced Soil Bridge Abutments

AbstractThis paper presents a numerical investigation of the deformation and failure behavior of geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) bridge abutments. The backfill soil was characterized using a non...
Time-of-Flight Approximation for Medical Ultrasonic Imaging

Solutions of the acoustic wave equation linearized using the Born assumptions require determination of the time of flight from the transmitting transducer to the field point and back to the receiver. The time of flight within a plane in a medium that has a constant phase velocity is found by taking the square root of the sum of squares of scaled range and azimuth distances. The paraxial approximation significantly reduces calculation time and provides good estimates near the propagation axis of the transducer and at long range. We matched the time-of-flight profile with a second-degree, two-dimensional polynomial containing 9 coefficients that was more accurate than the paraxial approximation. Coefficients were found using the method of moments. In its forward difference form the polynomial can produce a new time-of-flight approximation in a single-addition time. If the division in the paraxial approximation is replaced by a scale factor, the result can also be expressed as a forward difference and evaluated in a single-addition time. Assuming a 1500 m/s background velocity, the maximum errors over a 3 x 3 cm region on the transducer axis fell below 1/3 the wavelength of a 3.5 MHz signal for ranges greater than 3 and 22 cm, for the first-difference form of the moments and paraxial approximations, respectively. At angles up to 30 degrees off axis the moments error fell below 1/3 wavelength beyond a range of 6 cm. At an angle of 15 degrees, the usual limit for the paraxial approximation, its maximum error was more than 10 wavelengths at distances up to 30 cm.
Stereochemical Constraints on the Excited State Behavior of Chromium(III)

The lifetimes of the lowest energy doublet excited states of Cr(III) complexes in solutions at ambient temperatures have long been known to span a wide range (Kirk 1981), with some complexes having subnanosecond lifetimes, while others persist for a few ms (Endicott, et. al. 1986, 1987). The nonradiative decay of the shorter lived excited state species is thermally activated and medium dependent. The origin of the thermally activated decay pathway(s) has been the focus of some discussion for several years (see reviews by Kirk 1981 and Endicott et. al. 1987 for discussion and references) and alternative single channel decay mechanisms have been proposed; for example: (a) back intersystem crossing to a very unstable quartet excited state; (b) direct chemical reaction of the doublet state; (c) a partially forbidden crossing to the potential energy surface of a ground state reaction intermediate.
Estrogen-Receptor Imaging and Assessing Response to Hormonal Therapy of Breast Cancer

One of the most important applications of positron emission tomography (PET) in clinical oncology is monitoring and assessing tumor response to treatment (as discussed in Chapter 1). In contrast to conventional anatomic imaging, which is insensitive for early assessment of therapeutic response, molecular imaging by PET can provide unique information about the likelihood of tumor responsiveness to therapy before initiation of treatment or early during a course of treatment. Additionally, PET is more sensitive and specific than conventional imaging for defining a complete or near-complete response after a course of treatment has ended. One of the most challenging aspects of managing patients with breast cancer is determining the most appropriate therapeutic regimen for an individual patient, based on the tumor’s biological features. Additionally, it is difficult to identify patients who are not responding to the selected therapy shortly after starting treatment, so that an alternative therapy can be initiated. The traditional criteria for assessing therapeutic response in breast cancer are based on changes in size of measurable disease or on decline of tumor markers. Unfortunately, these criteria are not particularly useful in distinguishing responders from nonresponders early after therapy is begun. Additionally, patients with predominantly or only osseous metastatic disease represent a particularly difficult problem for treating physicians, as their disease is not usually measurable or easily evaluable, and several months of therapy are needed before radiographs or bone scintigraphy can be used to determine the effectiveness of therapy. The disease status of these patients can be monitored by changes in clinical symptoms, in particular pain, and in tumor markers. However, not all such patients are symptomatic nor do all have abnormal tumor marker levels to monitor.
Curves on Varieties

Chapter I discussed the general theory of parametrizing subvarieties of a given variety and morphisms between varieties. In this chapter, these general results are used to study curves on varieties and morphisms from curves to varieties.
Impact of socioeconomic status on anal cancer survival.

e18060Background: Despite an increase in incidence of anal cancer over recent decades, improvements in awareness and therapy have improved survival outcomes. We hypothesized that the gains in outco...
Multiple, bilateral renal oncocytomas: An uncommon condition managed with percutaneous cryoablation

Multiple, bilateral renal oncocytomas are uncommon, and the management of this condition is poorly described. Here, we report a case of multiple, bilateral, biopsy-proven renal oncocytomas that were successfully managed using percutaneous cryoablation. This procedure may serve as a less invasive treatment for patients with multiple, bilateral renal oncocytomas when compared to radical or partial nephrectomy.
A Real-time Emotion Recognition from Speech using Gradient Boosting

Emotion recognition from speech is one of the research fields for emotional human-computer interaction. In this contribution, a real-time emotion recognition system is presented which recognizes emotions from live recorded speech by analyzing tonal properties. 34 audio features are extracted including MFCCs, energy, spectral entropy etc. Basically this system classifies emotions using models trained by Gradient Boosting. Other two classifiers such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) are also applied to observe the accuracies of them on test audio files. Two databases are employed for training the system like RA VDESS and SA VEE database. This system examines four basic emotions - anger, happiness, sadness and neutral.
Neuropsychiatry and Traumatic Brain Injury

In the United States, according to an updated report by the Centers for Disease Control, about 2.8 million patients sustain head trauma each year due to falls, vehicular accidents, violence, or sports injuries (Taylor et al., MMWR Surveillance Summaries 66:1–16, 2017). Due to improved acute trauma care in hospitals, many patients survive the physical ravages of traumatic brain injury (TBI), but many subsequently experience neuropsychiatric disorders such as those described in the patients above. In this chapter, the modern neuropsychiatrist’s role in the diagnosis and treatment of the psychiatric consequences of TBI such as mood and anxiety disorders, psychosis, agitation, arousal and attention, dementia, and sexual dysfunction will be reviewed.
Evidence of Skewness and Sub-Gaussian Character in Temperature-Dependent Distributions of One Million Electronic Excitation Energies in PbS Quantum Dots

Obtaining statistical distributions by sampling a large number of conformations is vital for an accurate description of temperature-dependent properties of chemical systems. However, constructing d...