cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Family Influences on Absenteeism: Testing an Expanded Process Model

Abstract Previous research has focused on how job conditions and work attitudes affect employee absence. This research has continued despite increases in the number of employees who cite family issues as a reason for missing work and the existence of theoretical models which assert that family structure affects employee attendance either directly or interactively (e.g., Brooke, 1986; Steers & Rhodes, 1978). Using a sample of 211 employed, married parents, the present study tested a series of models that have been expanded to include the effects of family demands and family attitudes. Consistent with Steers and Rhodes, family demands were found to moderate the effect of job burnout on absence frequency. Experiencing a high level of burnout was associated with increased absenteeism if employees had children under 6 living at home or reported having difficulty with their child care arrangements. These results have implications for the development of effective family-supportive policies.
MMPI performance among women with bulimia: A cluster-analytic study

Forty-two women, meeting criteria for bulimia, completed the MMPI. Cluster analysis of their scores revealed two distinct profile types. The first cluster, comprising about 64% of subjects, produced a mean profile in which only the Pd scale exceeded a t score of 70. In contrast, about 36% of subjects yielded a cluster-derived mean profile that was significantly elevated on many scales, including Pd, D, Pt, and Sc. The existence of these two very different subgroups of women with bulimia replicates previous work in this area and has potentially important implications for the description, treatment, and general understanding of those with this condition.
Immunophenotypic normalization of aberrant mast cells accompanies histological remission in imatinib-treated patients with eosinophilia-associated mastocytosis.

Immunophenotypic normalization of aberrant mast cells accompanies histological remission in imatinib-treated patients with eosinophilia-associated mastocytosis
Mechanical Properties of Collagen-Fibrin Co-Gels

Achieving desired mechanical properties is critical to meeting the functional requirements of engineered tissues. Mechanical function is inextricably linked to tissue structure. For example, replacement of fibrin with collagen during the healing process results in compositional heterogeneity which governs mechanical strength and function. Artificial tissues engineered using biopolymers such as fibrin and collagen can undergo a remodeling process that produces a compositionally and structurally complex tissue equivalent (TE) with anisotropic mechanical properties. TE functionality is assessed in part through mechanical testing, but the TE response is dependent on multi-scale interactions, which are dependent on a heterogeneously distributed microstructure, and are therefore difficult to interpret. In order to unravel the coupling between TE microstructure and macroscopic mechanical behavior, we have developed a multi-scale modeling framework for incorporating single component microstructural networks [1]. To expand our modeling framework, it is necessary to incorporate interpenetrating fibrin and collagen networks. This issue is particularly critical towards understanding the remodeling process that occurs in fibrin gels, which gradually replace fibrin with collagen networks. In this work, we have begun to investigate interpenetrating fibrin-collagen co-gels by varying the co-gel composition and subjecting the gels to uniaxial mechanical tests [2]. This study lays the experimental foundation for determining how to construct interpenetrating networks for our multiscale modeling framework, which will ultimately allows us to better assess and predict TE mechanics and produce better engineered tissues.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Injectable Copper and Tissue Composition of Cattle

Copper in blood plasma and liver and tissue reactions were compared for cattle injected with various amounts of copper salts of glycine or edetate. In young Holstein calves, initial concentrations of copper in blood plasma were normal (89 micrograms/dl). At 1 h postinjection, concentrations in plasma and the change were higher for the edetate group than for the glycinate group. Thereafter no differences of plasma copper occurred between forms of copper. Differences between concentrations of copper in plasma, especially for higher injections, occurred during the first 24 h but only occasionally thereafter. Hemolysis was severe during the 1st wk when 240 mg of copper edetate was administered but without mortality. Copper edetate caused less tissue irritation than equivalent copper from glycinate. Calves apparently mobilize injected copper rapidly from the subcutaneous site of injection, especially copper edetate, but concentrations in plasma are only increased temporarily. Copper is stored rapidly in the liver postinjection and probably serves to minimize toxic hemoconcentrations of copper.
Purification of squid synaptic vesicles and characterization of the vesicle-associated proteins synaptobrevin and Rab3A

Abstract Two proteins associated with mammalian synaptic vesicles, the integral membrane protein synaptobrevin and the GTP-binding protein rab3A, are identified in squid nervous tissue using Western blotting and subcellular fractionation of synaptosomes. They both copurify with synaptic vesicles prepared from squid optic lobe. Synaptobrevin (18.1 kDa) is present at high levels in synaptic terminals but at very low levels in axon. Rab3A (27.5 kDa) is a member of the rab family of low-molecular weight GTP-binding proteins which regulates vesicle traffic in secretory and endocytic processes. As resolved with 2-dimensional gels, squid neurons contain at least 16 GTP-binding species (19–29 kDa), and most of these are present in both soluble and particulate fractions. The 24 kDa class of GTP-binding proteins is highly enriched in axonal transport organelles. The characterization of synaptobrevin and rab3A in squid synaptic vesicles extends their known distributions to invertebrates and points to a fundamental importance of these proteins in neurotransmitter release.
Family Structure And Children’s Physical And Mental Health

Using the 2003 National Survey of Children's Health, this paper examines the physical and mental health of children by family structure. Children in step, single-mother, or grandparent-only families had poorer health than children living with two biological parents. Adjusting for demographic differences reduced observed disparities, although children living in single-mother or grandparent-only families still had poorer health than children living with two biological parents. Adjusted estimates showed that children in single-father families generally did as well as (for mental health) or better than (for physical health) children living with two biological parents.
A Canterbury tale: imaginative genealogies and existential heritage tourism at the St. Lawrence Ground

At its most innate, heritage is biological, and perceptions of our own origins can drive many heritage journeys. However, like many heritage excursions, genealogical travel can also fuse objective fact with imagination in the search for meaning and identity. This paper explores a genealogical journey to a cricket ground in Kent, where the search for a family member's past seamlessly merged with broader heritage constructions. Through this journey, it was found that heritage could be seen as a series of dualities; a mixture of collective and individual, objective and imaginative, and tangible and existential. Furthermore, it considers that heritage sport tourism – a topic broadly concerned with extrinsic, tangible heritage such as sports sites, sports museums, and sporting artifacts, can also be viewed through a more existential lens.
Moral Dilemmas and Requiring the Impossible

It can be shown that the conjunction of three theses, each of which has been maintained by some philosophers, is inconsistent. The first thesis is that there are genuine moral dilemmas. Moral dilemmas are typically described in the following way: an agent is in a situation such that he ought to do each of two actions both of which he cannot do. For example, he ought to do A and he ought to do B, but he cannot do both A and B. (It is obvious that if there are genuine moral dilemmas, then the 'oughts' that conflict must be strict or absolute ones, and not merely prima facie ones.)
A measurement of the helium D3 profile with a birefringent filter

The D3 line profile in plages on the disk is measured using a birefringent filter. The best fit Gaussian has a 1/e width of 0.4 A, with negligible instrumental contribution. The D3 opacity is produced in regions with thermal linewidth -0.1 A; the much larger observed width indicates large non-thermal motions in the chromosphere.
The production of slaves where there was no state: The Guinea‐Bissau region, 1450–1815

(1999). The production of slaves where there was no state: The Guinea‐Bissau region, 1450–1815. Slavery & Abolition: Vol. 20, No. 2, pp. 97-124.
Iomeprol versus iopamidol in contrast-enhanced computed tomography of thoracic and abdominal organs

The aim of this double-blind, parallel-group study was to compare the safety, tolerance, and efficacy of iomeprol-350 (350 mgI/ml), iomeprol-400 (400 mgI/ml) and iopamidol-370 (370 mgI/ml) for use in contrast-enhanced body computed tomography (CT). Following written informed consent, 120 adult inpatients of either sex requiring CT of thoracic or abdominal organs were randomly assigned to receive iomeprol-350, iomeprol-400 or iopamidol-370. Pre- and post-contrast, all patients underwent clinical, instrumental and laboratory investigation to assess the safety of the test agents. Tolerance was assessed in terms of discomfort associated with contrast injection. Two experienced radiologists independently and blindly graded the quality of contrast enhancement obtained with the different contrast solutions by means of a five-point ordinal scale as follows: 1, insufficient; 2, sufficient; 3, good; 4, excellent; or E, excessive. Patients in the iomeprol groups needed fewer injections and a smaller volume of contrast medium to obtain examinations of adequate diagnostic quality. Contrast enhancement was judged as excellent or good in about 90% of the study examinations, without significant differences between the three study groups. During contrast injection, heat and pain sensations were minimal or absent in most cases. No serious adverse events occurred throughout the study. No significant changes in clinical, instrumental or laboratory safety parameters were observed. In conclusion, iomeprol-400 and iomeprol-350 appear to be contrast solutions at least as safe, well tolerated and effective as iopamidol-370 when used as contrast agents for body CT.
GASTRIC SECRETORY MATURATION OF PRETERM INFANTS

To establish normative values for gastric secretory function in preterm infants we studied 34 healthy preterm infants: mean gestational age 30.6 wk (27-35 wk), mean birth wt 1.5 kg (range .82-2.46 kg). Basal acid output (BAO), post-pentagastrin (6 μg/kg, sc) maximal acid output (MAO) and fasting serum gastrin (SG) were measured. Infants were studied weekly a mean of 4.6 times (range 1-8 times). Results are expressed as mean ± SEM. At postnatal age 1 wk BAO was 12±3 μmole/Kg·hr; MAO was 21±4 μmole/Kg·hr (p<.01). Achlorhydria was present in 2 of 21 infants in week 1; both secreted acid by week 2. An increase BAO to 26±5 μmole/Kg·hr at 8 wk was dependent on postnatal age (p<.05). An increase in MAO to 53±7 μmole/Kg·hr at 8 wk was dependent on postnatal age (p<.01) and on postconceptual age (p<.01). Although SG increased with postnatal age from 64±9 pg/ml at 1 wk to 157±30 pg/ml at 8 wk (p<.01), there was no correlation between SG and BAO or MAO. BAO, MAO, and SG did not correlate with weight or sex. These results indicate that in healthy preterm infants 1) a response to pentagastrin is present at 1 wk of age 2) BAO equals normal values for term infants and children 2-4 wk after birth regardless of gestational age 3) BAO, MAO and SG increase over the first 8 wk of life and 4) BAO and SG are not influenced by gestational age. In healthy preterm infants 1) postnatal factors appear to be in part responsible for maturation of acid secretory function and 2) SG is not linked to maturation of gastric secretory function.
Architecture Frameworks & Modeling

Architecture provides the unifying structure (or roadmap) for exploration of the problem space and for characterization of the solution space such that better decisions can be made. Architecture is an arrangement of feature and function that maximizes some objective. This tutorial will describe fundamental concepts used in architecture modeling that will assist you in developing and using your own architectures. The use of an architecture framework leads to a more model-driven systems approach and allows you to “discover” the essential attributes of the problem space that must be addressed by the system solution. Architecture models are where these essential attributes are defined and evaluated. This approach to architecting will be described within the context of the DOD Architecture Framework (DODAF) and other frameworks like the Federal Enterprise Architecture Framework (FEAF) and the Zachman Framework. There can be a hierarchy of architectures that helps focus the architecture team on the right level of abstraction. One common hierarchy starts at the top with National level architectures and works down to the levels of Department/Federal, Service/Agency, Mission Area/Cross-Mission Area, Program/Node, and so on. The architecture you develop will have impacts above and below you in the hierarchy. The notion of levels in a hierarchy will be discussed along with how to use this to structure your modeling and simulation activity. The differences between enterprise architectures and system architectures will also be discussed Several examples of architecture frameworks will be discussed along with application guidance for each: Zachman, Gartner Group, The Open Group, Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing, Federal Enterprise Architecture (US), and Department of Defense (US). The various modeling constructs within the DOD Architecture Framework will be described so that you can see how a framework can integrate the overall systems architecting and engineering activities.
THE LONG‐TERM EFFECTS OF THE COUPLE COMMUNICATION PROGRAM

The immediate and long-term impact of the Couple Communication Program was assessed. Seventeen married couples were assigned to training groups. Change was assessed using self-report measures of marital adjustment and communication quality along with behavioral ratings of couple verbal interaction. Couples increased significantly on all measures at immediate posttest. Marital adjustment returned to pretest levels by five month follow-up. Couple perceived communication quality and rater judged communication quality maintained posttest levels. The findings suggest a need for more skills training in the program, an increase in length of the program, and consideration of program improvements designed to enhance generalization.
Exploring the Importance of Gay‐friendliness and its Socialization Influences

Gay men and lesbian consumers are increasingly representing a desired target audience for brands seeking to build brand loyalty in an under‐tapped market. The existing literature on marketing to gay men and lesbians suggests that brands targeting this market should position themselves as gay‐friendly. Nevertheless, little is known about consumer perceptions of gay‐friendliness, its antecedents or the socialization processes relevant to establishing a brand's gay‐friendly claim. This paper attempts to fill this void by reporting the results of a survey of gay men and lesbian consumers. The survey assessed the factors involved in perceptions of gay‐friendliness, socialization sources and the relationship between gay‐friendly brand claims and attitudes towards the brand.
Near-terminator Venus ionosphere: Evidence for a dawn/dusk asymmetry in the thermosphere

[1] Recent models of the near-terminator ionosphere of Venus constructed using neutral density profiles from the VTS3 model of Hedin et al. (1983) have shown that altitudes of the electron density peaks are in agreement with those measured by Pioneer Venus (PV) Orbiter Radio Occultation (ORO) and other radio occultation profiles in the solar zenith angle (SZA) range 60 to 70°, where they are near 140 km (Fox, 2007). The model peaks in the 75–85° range, however, do not decrease in altitude to near 135 km, as do the PV ORO electron density peaks shown in the study of Cravens et al. (1981). We investigate here possible reasons for this decrease. The PV Orbiter Neutral Mass Spectrometer (ONMS) measured densities of CO2, O, CO, N2, N, and He for many of the first 600 orbits. We have chosen 10 orbits in the dawn sector and 12 orbits in the dusk sector for which the solar zenith angles at periapsis were in the 75–85° range, and we have examined the ONMS density profiles reported in the PV Unified Abstract Data System. We find that for most of the orbits, the appropriately normalized ONMS measured densities for CO2 and O are, however, either similar to or larger than those generated from the VTS3 model for the same solar zenith angle and F10.7 flux, and the use of these densities in our models would therefore produce a higher, rather than a lower, peak. The VTS3 models are, however, not expected to be accurate in the terminator region because of the small number of spherical harmonics used in the models and the large density changes that are expected near the terminators. We have also investigated a possible dawn/dusk asymmetry in the ionosphere. All the low-altitude PV radio occultation electron density peaks reported in the study of Cravens et al. (1981) in the 70 to 85° range were in the dawn sector at high latitudes. In the VTS3 models, the exospheric temperatures are predicted to be smaller at dawn that at dusk, but the asymmetries are confined to the region above ∼165 km. Thus use of the VTS3 model densities and temperatures in the near-terminator dawn sector models cannot produce electron density peaks that are lower in altitude than those in the dusk sector. We suggest that there is a high-latitude asymmetry between the dawn and dusk neutral densities that extends down to within ∼20 km above the expected altitude of the electron density peaks, and that produces a significantly asymmetrical ionosphere.
Surgical results of video-assisted minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass

Abstract Background . A video-assisted minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass procedure is defined as a combination of video thoracoscopic internal mammary artery harvest and direct coronary bypass grafting through a minithoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass. We reviewed our experience with this procedure and examined its efficacy. Methods . Since November 1995, 110 patients have undergone a minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass procedure in our institution. Seventy (64%) of them underwent a video-assisted minimally invasive operation (group 1). As a control group (group 2), we reviewed the results in 37 patients who underwent conventional single or double coronary artery bypass grafting using an internal mammary artery graft between 1993 and 1995 and could have been candidates for minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting. Results . There were two hospital deaths (2.9%) in group 1 and one hospital death (2.7%) in group 2. There were no significant differences in mortality or morbidity between the two groups. The number of patients who needed postoperative positive inotropic agents was significantly greater in group 2, and this group also had a significantly longer mean postoperative intubation time and mean hospital stay than group 1. Conclusions . The surgical results of video-assisted direct coronary artery bypass procedures were better than those of conventional coronary artery bypass grafting in this review. A long-term follow-up for graft patency is needed.
Variable granularity for improving precision of impact analysis

Impact analysis is a specialized process of program comprehension that investigates the nature and extent of a planned software change. Traditionally, impact analysis involves inspecting dependencies among the software components of a fixed granularity; these components constitute a dependency graph. In this paper, we argue that a single granularity is insufficient and leads to imprecise analysis. We explain how the precision can be improved by variable granularity, where the programmers choose among the granularity of classes, the granularity of class members, and the granularity of code fragments. We assess the resulting precision in a case study on open-source software.
O(n) mass matrix inversion for serial manipulators and polypeptide chains using Lie derivatives

Over the past several decades, a number of O(n) methods for forward and inverse dynamics computations have been developed in the multibody dynamics and robotics literature. A method was developed by Fixman in 1974 for O(n) computation of the mass-matrix determinant for a serial polymer chain consisting of point masses. In other of our recent papers, we extended this method in order to compute the inverse of the mass matrix for serial chains consisting of point masses. In the present paper, we extend these ideas further and address the case of serial chains composed of rigid-bodies. This requires the use of relatively deep mathematics associated with the rotation group, SO(3), and the special Euclidean group, SE(3), and specifically, it requires that one differentiates real-valued functions of Lie-group-valued argument.
Active Control of Reactive Resin Flow in a Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) Process

Flow of a catalyzed resin into a fibrous preform is an important step governing the quality of composite parts fabricated using liquid molding techniques. This article presents numerical and experimental investigations on novel means of active flow control to steer the resin flow through the preform so as to eliminate void entrapment and dry spots. The active control is based on locally heating resin to reduce viscosity and, thereby, enhance preform permeation at locations of flow lag in the preform throughout the filling process. A consequence of heating the reacting resin is an accelerated cure reaction that irreversibly increases resin viscosity with cure. A balance between the competing sources of viscosity change form the basis for the model-based control of localized heating. Focusing on a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process, numerical modeling is coupled to an active control strategy in a simulation environment, and parametric studies are presented over a range of preform lay-ups...
Impact of extrafloral nectar availability and plant genotype on ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to quaking aspen (Salicaceae)

For quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides Michaux; Salicaceae) the rate of extrafloral (EF) sugar secretion is increased by defoliation and decreased by drought. Although wholesale blocking of EF nectar has been shown to reduce ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) visitation to aspen, the effect of more subtle and realistic variations in nectar availability on ant recruitment is unknown. Working in Alaskan boreal forest (United States of America), we reduced and supplemented EF nectar availability on potted aspen ramets of three genotypes and surveyed visitation by free-living Formica fusca (Linnaeus) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae). Ants were more responsive to a subtle increase in sugar availability than to a decrease. While nectar reduction had no effect on ant visitation, nectar supplementation increased ant visitation to one aspen genotype by 70% during an early summer trial. Average ant visitation to different aspen genotypes varied during the late summer, indicating that aspen genotype can influence attractiveness to ants. We conclude that natural induction of EF secretion in response to herbivory may benefit aspen through improved ant recruitment, though the response is dependent on aspen genotype and time of year. Differences among aspen genets in attractiveness to ants could influence the relative success of genotypes, especially in settings in which aspen regenerates from seed.
Effects of Potential and Stress on Stress Corrosion Cracking of Austenitic Stainless Steels in Concentrated Chloride Solutions

Abstract The chemical-mechanical correlation model for stress corrosion cracking (SCC) was used to analyze the effect of electrode potential (E) on SCC of austenitic stainless steels (SS) in concentrated chloride solutions. The analysis produced a value of the mechanical constant (Qc/m = 20.6 kJ/mol) which was the same as that obtained at open-circuit potentials (OCP). Analysis also revealed that the effect of E on SCC mainly affected the environmental factor (β) of the model. A theory developed about the physical meaning of β was able to predict the dependence of β on E in concentrated chloride solutions, based upon repassivation properties.
The structure and reproduction of Dasya haitiana sp. nov. (Dasyaceae, Rhodophyta) from the Caribbean Sea

A new species of Dasya is described from Haiti (western part of Hispaniola Island) in the Caribbean Sea. The position of successive procarps and the presence of monosiphonous adventitious filaments...
Neuropsychological association between paranoid schizophrenia and delusional misidentification syndromes: an in between subjects design

Background Delusional Misidentification Syndromes (DMSs) have been observed in a variety of psychiatric and other medical conditions but they seem to be strongly associated with schizophrenia since they occur predominantly in the context of paranoid schizophrenia. Previous studies about a neuropsychological relationship between DMSs and schizophrenia have implicated cognitive functions performed by bilateral frontal and right hemisphere in both schizophrenia and DMS, but there are mainly case reports, lacking the appropriate controls. Aim of the present study was to investigate whether DMS in paranoid schizophrenia is mediated by a distinct neuropsychological substrate indicative of differential bilateral frontal and right hemisphere dysfunction.
On some annealing characteristics of heavy ion tracks in silicate minerals

Abstract We have studied the thermal annealing of fossil tracks stored in hypersthene crystals of the Johnstown meteorite. We have observed that the annealing of the tracks depend on their initial length and therefore of the charge of the incident ions. The shortest tracks are annealed at a lower temperature than the longer ones. These long tracks in turn have been found to be less thermally stable on the average than fission fragment tracks. After first pointing out Some difficulties in the study of the annealing of heavy ion tracks in solids, we discuss the possibility of using thermal annealing experiment to identify the origins of the tracks stored in naturally or artificially irradiated silicate minerals.
The Role of Intergovernmental Organizations in Institutional Design

International relations scholars remain deeply divided over the question of whether intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) can be “independent” of states. I highlight the arena of institutional design as an important – yet hitherto unexplored – context in which the staff members of intergovernmental organizations pursue their own objectives and have a tangible impact on states. More than 60 percent of today’s intergovernmental organizations were created not by states alone, but with the involvement of staff members from pre-existing IGOs. Involvement in institutional design provides IGO staff with more direct – and likely lasting – means for increasing insulation from state control in new bodies within their organizational family. I predict that intergovernmental organizations designed with IGO involvement will be more insulated from state control than if states were designing alone. The greater the extent to which IGO staff set the institutional design agenda to which states react, the better able are IGO staff to present states with a fait accompli that advances their own objectives by loosening mechanisms of state control. To test these claims, I have constructed a new and original dataset, consisting of a random sample from the universe of existing IGOs. I provide evidence of the important impact of IGO staff in institutional design.
On Symmetric, Orthogonal, and Skew-Symmetric Matrices

Introduction and Notation. In this paper all the scalars are real and all matrices are, if not stated to be otherwise, p-rowed square matrices. The diagonal and superdiagonal elements of a symmetric matrix, and the superdiagonal elements of a skew-symmetric matrix, will be called the distinct elements of the respective matrices. Σ will denote both the set of all symmetric matrices and the ½p(p + 1)-dimensional space whose coordinates are the distinct elements arranged in some specific order. K will denote both the set of all skew-symmetric matrices and the ½p(p – 1)-dimensional space whose coordinates are the distinct elements arranged in some specific order. Any sub-set of Σ(K) will mean both the sub-set of symmetric (skew-symmetric) matrices and the set of points of Σ(K). Any point function defined in Σ(K) will be written as a function of a symmetric (skew-symmetric) matrix. Dα will denote the diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are α1, α2, …, αp. The characteristic roots of a symmetric matrix will be called its roots.
Resveratrol Reduces Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberration Frequencies in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells

Abstract Carsten, R. E., Bachand, A. M., Bailey, S. M. and Ullrich, R. L. Resveratrol Reduces Radiation-Induced Chromosome Aberration Frequency in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells. Radiat. Res. 169, 633–638 (2008). Resveratrol, a polyphenol compound with reported antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects, a wide range of molecular targets, and toxicity only at extreme doses, has received considerable attention. We evaluated the radioprotective effect of orally administered resveratrol on the frequencies of chromosome aberrations in irradiated mouse bone marrow cells. CBA/CaJ mice were divided into four groups: (1) no treatment, (2) resveratrol only, (3) radiation only, and (4) resveratrol and radiation. Resveratrol treatment (100 mg/kg daily) was initiated 2 days prior to irradiation. Bone marrow was then harvested at 1 and 30 days after a single dose of 3 Gy whole-body γ radiation. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) reduction in the mean total chromosome aberration frequency per metaphase at both times postirr...
A Taxonomy of Botnet Structures

We propose a taxonomy of botnet structures, based on their utility to the botmaster. We propose key metrics to measure their utility for various activities (e.g., spam, ddos). Using these performance metrics, we consider the ability of different response techniques to degrade or disrupt botnets. In particular, our models show that targeted responses are particularly effective against scale free botnets and efforts to increase the robustness of scale free networks comes at a cost of diminished transitivity. Botmasters do not appear to have any structural solutions to this problem in scale free networks. We also show that random graph botnets (e.g., those using P2P formations) are highly resistant to both random and targeted responses. We evaluate the impact of responses on different topologies using simulation and demonstrate the utility of our proposed metrics by performing novel measurements of a P2P network. Our analysis shows how botnets may be classified according to structure and given rank or priority using our proposed metrics. This may help direct responses and suggests which general remediation strategies are more likely to succeed.
Predictive Power of the Severity Measure of Attachment Loss for Periodontal Care Need

Background: The prevalence of periodontal diseases is high, and >15% of adults have severe gum disease. Clinical attachment loss (AL) is one of the most important measures for periodontal disease severity. With AL, one could measure the worst scenario, the average, or the cumulative sum of AL among all teeth. The objective of this study is to evaluate which of the 15 measures of periodontal problems (e.g., maximum, mean, and cumulative AL) best predict the need for periodontal treatment. Methods: Using detailed periodontal data obtained through clinical examination from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999 to 2002, weighted logistic regression was used to model the periodontal treatment need of 15 different periodontal disease measures. The outcome measure is the clinically determined periodontal need. Results: After adjustment for the covariates of age, sex, ethnicity, education, smoking status, and diabetes, the three most predictive measures were identified as: 1) the sum of the maximum mid-buccal (B) and mesio-buccal (MB) measures, which reflects the worst case of both B and MB measures; 2) the sum of the maximum MB measure or the worst case of the MB measure; and 3) the sum of all B and MB measures, or the cumulative AL measures. Conclusions: Cumulative periodontal morbidity, particularly the worst case of B and MB measures, has the strongest impact on the need for periodontal care. All the demographic variables and covariates follow the classic pattern of association with periodontal disease. J Periodontol 2013;84:14091415.
Multi.Objective Hypergraph Partitioning Algorithms for Cut and Maximum Subdomain Degree Minimization

In this paper, we present a family of multiobjective hypergraph-partitioning algorithms based on the multilevel paradigm, which are capable of producing solutions in which both the cut and the maximum subdomain degree are simultaneously minimized. This type of partitionings are critical for existing and emerging applications in very large scale integration (VLSI) computer-aided design (CAD) as they allow to both minimize and evenly distribute the interconnects across the physical devices. Our experimental evaluation on the International Symposium on Physical Design (ISPD98) benchmark show that our algorithms produce solutions, which when compared against those produced by hM/sub E/T/sub I/S have a maximum subdomain degree that is reduced by up to 36% while achieving comparable quality in terms of cut.
Fat body fructose-2,6-bisphosphate content and phosphorylase activity correlate with changes in hemolymph glucose concentration during fasting and re-feeding in larval Manduca sexta

Fasting of second-day fifth instar larval Manduca sexta leads to a rapid decrease in hemolymph glucose concentration from 3.39±0.29 to 0.33±0.06 mM in 1 h, along with a decrease in the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate content in the fat body (from 5.92±0.31 to 2.80±0.47 nmol fructose-2,6-bisphosphate/g fat body in 3 h) and activation of fat body glycogen phosphorylase (from 16% to 55–65% phosphorylase a). During re-feeding an increase in the glucose level in the hemolymph was observed (from 0.36±0.05 to 3.91±0.36 mM in 3 h), along with an increase in the fructose-2,6-bisphosphate level in the fat body (from 2.88±0.47 to 6.66±0.42 nmol fructose-2,6-bisphosphate/g fat body in 3 h) and inactivation of fat body glycogen phosphorylase (from 56% to 16% phosphorylase a). These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a decrease in hemolymph glucose both activates fat body glycogen phosphorylase and causes a decrease in fat body fructose-2,6-bisphosphate content. Both of these changes would favor conversion of stored glucose to trehalose in the fat body. When second-day larvae were decapitated, the changes in hemolymph glucose and fat body fructose-2,6-bisphosphate were very similar to those observed in fasting whole insects. These data are consistent with a direct role for glucose in controlling carbohydrate metabolism in Manduca sexta.
Aesthetic damage thresholds for twospotted spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) on impatiens: effect of plant age and level of infestation.

The effects of plant age and infestation level of twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), on visible plant damage, and the effect of plant age on spider mite population growth on impatiens, Impatiens wallerana Hook.f. (Ericales: Balsaminaceae), were determined by inoculating impatiens plants of three different ages with two densities of spider mites. Each plant was inoculated with either one adult female mite per three leaves or six leaves based on the average number of leaves on plants of each of the three age classes. Subsequently, leaf damage was correlated with mite-days (cumulative spider mite density) per leaf. The results showed that older aged plants exhibited greater damage than younger plants. Regression models of damage thresholds for each plant age suggest that monitoring for spider mites must be done periodically throughout the entire plant production cycle, but that more attention should be given toward the end of the cycle. Measurements of visible leaf damage were correlated with plant marketability. Specifically, the level of damage (proportion of damaged leaves per plant) at which plant marketability changes from a “premium” to a “discounted” category was 0.04–0.06. Thus, regression equations of the damage threshold could be used to estimate a cumulative spider mite density or mite-days equivalent to the economic threshold. Based on these equations, 5% leaf damage corresponds to 2.1, 1.51, and 1.25 mite-days for youngest, intermediate, and oldest plants, respectively. Because the damage threshold on impatiens was shown to be very low, the action threshold for biological control is essentially zero, and predators would need to be released as soon as damage is observed.
Patterns of cyclin A and B1 immunostaining in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Introduction and objectives. Cyclin A, encoded by CCNA (cyclin A) gene with locus in chromosome 4q27, and cyclin B1, encoded by CCNB1 (cyclin B1) gene with locus in chromosome 5q12, are proteins that play a key role in the passage through the restriction point in G2 phase of the cell cycle. The aim of the study was to analyse immunohistochemically the expression of cyclins A and B1 in different variants of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Material and methods. The immunostaining patterns of the proteins in question in the tissue of 40 resected PTC (20 cases of classic variant of PTC, 9 cases of PTC follicular variant and 11 cases of other non-classic variants of PTC) were investigated. Results. On analyzing cyclin A and B1 expression, positive staining in 90% cases of PTC were observed. The study revealed a significant difference in expression of cyclins A and B1 between classic and non-classic variants of PTC. The expression of both examined cyclins was weaker in the classic variant of PTC. In the group of follicular variant of PTC, the expression of cyclins was of medium intensity and in the group of other non-classic variants of PTC, the expression was clearly higher. Conclusions. The results of the presented study suggest that cyclins A and B1 expression may have a characteristic pattern of immunostaining for particular variants of PTC. If the obtained results are confirmed in a larger group of patients, the diagnostic panel constructed of the antibodies against these proteins may increase the diagnostic accuracy in PTC cases.
Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET for Scientists and Engineers

Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET for Scientists and Engineers begins with an overview of the Visual Basic and Visual Basic .NET IDEs, their important characteristics, and how the development environments can be manipulated to suit developers' needs. After a solid discussion of VB and VB .NET forms, controls, and namespaces, Christopher Frenz shows readers how to put controls to work by making use of the different control events.
Mechanism of the Action of Inhibitors of the Oxidation of Elastomers

Abstract A number of works have been published in the recent scientific literature concerning the action of antioxidants in elastomers. Most of these works are of an empirical nature and are of purely practical value. In certain foreign works, unsuccessful attempts were made to relate the effectiveness of action of antioxidants with one of their specific properties, for example, with their oxidation-reduction potential. The mechanism of inhibited and of free oxidation of elastomers was studied in detail by one of the present authors. Based on a theory of chain reactions, Semenov concluded that the oxidation of rubber involves a chain degradation process, and he showed that the inhibitor, phenyl-β-naphthylamine, breaks the oxidation chains, reacting with the peroxidic radicals which are formed in the rubber molecules during oxidation. The inhibitor is consumed by union with the hydrocarbon molecule. Consumption of inhibitor during heat treatment of rubber is observed only in the presence of oxygen. In the ...
The effect of water potential upon radial growth of Epichloe and Claviceps purpurea isolates in culture.

Claviceps purpurea and single isolates of Epichloe amaryllans and E. baconii grew well between -0.3 and -3.0 MPa water potential, below which growth declined with declining water potential. The isolates of E. clarkii and of E. typhina were less tol- erant to reduced water potential. Antibiotic was weakly produced by some Epichloe isolates but not
Proteus-SN user manual

PROTEUS-SN is a three-dimensional, highly scalable, high-fidelity neutron transport code developed at Argonne National Laboratory. The code is applicable to all spectrum reactor transport calculations, particularly those in which a high degree of fidelity is needed either to represent spatial detail or to resolve solution gradients. PROTEUS-SN solves the second order formulation of the transport equation using the continuous Galerkin finite element method in space, the discrete ordinates approximation in angle, and the multigroup approximation in energy. PROTEUS-SN’s parallel methodology permits the efficient decomposition of the problem by both space and angle, permitting large problems to run efficiently on hundreds of thousands of cores. PROTEUS-SN can also be used in serial or on smaller compute clusters (10’s to 100’s of cores) for smaller homogenized problems, although it is generally more computationally expensive than traditional homogenized methodology codes. PROTEUS-SN has been used to model partially homogenized systems, where regions of interest are represented explicitly and other regions are homogenized to reduce the problem size and required computational resources. PROTEUS-SN solves forward and adjoint eigenvalue problems and permits both neutron upscattering and downscattering. An adiabatic kinetics option has recently been included for performing simple time-dependent calculations in addition to standard steady statemore » calculations. PROTEUS-SN handles void and reflective boundary conditions. Multigroup cross sections can be generated externally using the MC2-3 fast reactor multigroup cross section generation code or internally using the cross section application programming interface (API) which can treat the subgroup or resonance table libraries. PROTEUS-SN is written in Fortran 90 and also includes C preprocessor definitions. The code links against the PETSc, METIS, HDF5, and MPICH libraries. It optionally links against the MOAB library and is a part of the SHARP multi-physics suite for coupled multi-physics analysis of nuclear reactors. This user manual describes how to set up a neutron transport simulation with the PROTEUS-SN code. A companion methodology manual describes the theory and algorithms within PROTEUS-SN.« less
Analysis and Control on Perpendicularity Error of Automobile Engine Block

The SGMW automobile B11/B12-type engine block is studied.The main factors of the perpendicularity error during NC machining are analyzed.The influence of the milling deformation on the Perpendicularity error of engine block is analyzed through experimental research.The experiment of process adjustments during rough milling and semi milling reveals the deformation cumulative effect of rough milling process on semi milling process.The new method of process separation is proposed to control the perpendicularity error by milling strain release.This method not only decreases perpendicularity error of engine block,but also improves the using life of cutting tools.
Receptor physiology: clinical implications.

Recent research highlights the importance of signal transduction in regulating response to stress. Receptors are fundamental elements of many regulatory processes that are directly or indirectly the targets of therapy of the critically ill patient.
Going the Distance Part 1: Three Keys to Successfully Delivering an Extension Course at a Distance

Distance learning is common in most segments of education, and the body of knowledge is extensive. Extension can apply much of this research but uniquely educates students whose presence is voluntary. The literature suggests that successful distance-delivered Extension courses share three characteristics: course content is high quality, demand is high for the course, and the distance-delivery method is satisfactory. More studies are needed to better assess the efficacy of specific distance-delivery methods in an Extension setting, but these three keys can be used to decide whether or not to deliver a course using distance delivery.
Contributions of Fuzzy Methodologies to Production Management

One of the most important responsibilities of production management is the decision making function. This function is often facilitated through the use of crisp mathematical models. The building of these models typically requires that the responsible manager subjugate, any vague or imprecise feelings about the system under study. For example, vagueness can be associated with the data that must be input to such models or the decision maker’s preference structure over conflicting, multiple objectives.
Weather constraints on Burmese python survival in the Florida Everglades, USA based on mechanistic bioenergetics estimates of core body temperature

Invasive Burmese pythons (Python bivittatus) succumbed to weather-induced mortality in the Florida Everglades in January 2010. We use a mechanistic bioenergetics model to calculate body temperature...
Experimental mechanistic investigation of the nanostructuring of tungsten with low energy helium plasmas

Abstract Helium ion bombardment of tungsten at temperatures between approximately one third and one half of its melting point has shown growth of nanostructures colloquially referred to as “fuzz”. The nanostructures take the form of thin tendrils of diameter about 30 nm and grow out of the bulk material. Tungsten will and does compose one of the key materials for plasma facing components (PFCs) in fusion reactors. The formation of nanostructured fuzz layers on PFCs would be detrimental to the performance of the reactor, and must therefore be avoided. Previous experiments have shown evidence that tungsten fuzz is initially grown by loop punching of helium bubbles created in the bulk. However, once the tendrils grow to sufficient length, the tendrils should intercept the entire helium flux, halting the production of fuzz. Fuzz continues to grow though. To increase the understanding of the mechanisms of tungsten fuzz formation, and thereby aid the avoidance of its production, a series of tests were performed to examine the validity of several theories regarding later stage tungsten fuzz growth. Tests showed that the fuzz formation was dependent solely on the bombardment of helium ions, and not on electric fields, or adatom diffusion. Experiments employing a tungsten coated molybdenum sample indicate the presence of a strong mixing layer and strongly suggest that tungsten fuzz growth continues to occur from the bottom up even as the tendrils grow in size. Tests also show a similarity between different metals exposed to helium ion fluxes where the ratio of bubble diameter to tendril diameter is constant.