cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An approach for filtering hyperbolically positioned underwater acoustic telemetry data with position precision estimates

Telemetry systems that estimate animal positions with hyperbolic positioning algorithms also provide a technology-specific estimate of position precision (e.g., horizontal position error (HPE) for the VEMCO positioning system). Position precision estimates (e.g., dilution of precision for a global positioning system (GPS)) have been used extensively to identify and remove positions with unacceptable measurement error in studies of terrestrial and surfacing aquatic animals such as turtles and seals. Few underwater acoustic telemetry studies report using position precision estimates to filter data in accordance with explicit data quality objectives because the relationship between the precision estimate and measurement error is not understood or not evaluated. A four-step filtering approach which incorporates data-filtering principles developed for GPS tracking of terrestrial animals is demonstrated. HPE was evaluated for its effectiveness to remove uncertain fish positions acquired from a new underwater fine-scale passive acoustic monitoring system. Four filtering objectives were identified based on the need for three sequential future analyses and four data quality criteria were developed for evaluating the performance of individual filters (step 1). The unfiltered, baseline position confidence from known-position test tags was considered to determine if filtering was necessary (step 2). An HPE filter cutoff of 8 was selected to meet the four criteria (step 3), and it was determined that one analysis may need to be adjusted for use with this dataset. The data quality objectives, criteria, and filter selection rationale were reported (step 4). The use of position precision estimates that reflect the confidence in the positioning process should be considered prior to the use of biological filters that rely on a priori expectations of the subject’s movement capacities and tendencies. Position confidence goals should be determined based upon the needs of the research questions and analysis requirements versus arbitrary selection, in which filters of previous studies are adopted. Data filtering with this approach ensures that data quality is sufficient for the selected analyses and presents the opportunity to adjust or identify a different analysis in the event that the requisite precision was not attained. Ignoring these steps puts a practitioner at risk of reporting errant findings.
Polyelectrolyte electrostatics: Salt dependence, entropic, and enthalpic contributions to free energy in the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann model

Using the nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann (PB) equation, expressions for the nonspecific salt dependence of the free energy, and the entropic and enthalpic contributions to the electrostatic free energy of a polyelectrolyte are derived. The results are generalized for any number and valence of mobile ions, and now permit a more rigorous treatment of the salt dependence of polyelectrolyte–ligand binding using the PB equation. The salt dependence of the electrostatic free energy depends on an “osmotic pressure like” term identified previously [K. Sharp and B. Honig (1990), Journal of Physical Chemistry, Vol. 94, pp. 7684–7692], which in turn depends on the integrated excess/deficit of all mobile ion species around the polyelectrolyte. For the simple salt case (two ions only) this expression is equivalent to that derived previously [H. Eisenberg (1976), Biological Macromolecules and Polyelectrolytes in Solution, Clarendon. Oxford] in terms of Donnan, or preferential interaction coefficients. Moreover, since all ions enter into the PB expression for the salt dependence of the free energy in an identical way, it is equally applicable to polyelectrolytes with charge of one sign (e.g., nucleic acids), with oppositely charged groups (such as proteins), and even polyelectrolytes that have no net charge, for which the Donnan coefficient is ill-defined. The distribution of counterions around three simple polyelectrolyte geometries—spherical, cylindrical, and planar—was examined. In each case the excess number of counterions associated with the polyelectrolyte is not constant, but increases with decreasing salt. Although a limiting value is reached at low salt for a cylinder, in agreement with the limiting law condensation models, for the spherical geometry the number of associated counterions decreases to zero, while for the planar case it increases to 100%. For the cylindrical case Donnan coefficients agree closely with those computed previously by Monte Carlo simulations [M. C. Olmstead, C. F. Anderson, and M. T. Record (1991) Biopolymers, Vol. 31, pp. 1593–1604]. An all atom B-DNA model shows about 5% less accumulation of counterions than a cylinder, due to the helical charge arrangement and groove structure. The entropic and enthalpic contributions to the salt-dependent free energy of a cylinder were examined in the PB model. In addition to the well known ion cratic (redistribution) entropy, there are significant contributions from electrostatic enthalpy, and from dielectric entropy (water re-orientation due to the electrostatic field from polyelectrolyte charges and salt ions). The latter entropy contribution has not previously been taken into account in salt-dependent polyelectrolyte phenomena, but at higher salt concentrations (> 0.01M), this can be as large as the cratic entropy contribution. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Marine Stock Enhancement in Florida: A Multi-Disciplinary, Stakeholder-Supported, Accountability-Based Approach

Saltwater fishery management in Florida, USA, is mandated to include user-supported hatchery-based stock enhancement. Scientists at the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission and Mote Marine Laboratory have taken a multi-disciplinary, quantitative approach to develop effective strategies for integrating stocking into traditional fishery management, with an initial focus on red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). With consensus from stakeholders, particularly from a well-informed advisory board, focus has shifted over the past 8 years from production-oriented stocking to an assessment-driven developmental approach. The goal is to develop and expand economically successful and ecologically sound stocking technology for rapidly replenishing depleted fish stocks in a multi-billion dollar (US) saltwater recreational fishing industry. Release-recapture experiments for red drum have been underway in Tampa Bay for 6 years. This research has involved replicate stratified releases of ∼ 4 million red drum hatchli...
Habitat and bathymetry influence the landscape‐scale distribution and abundance of drift macrophytes and associated invertebrates

We used a remotely operated vehicle to investigate landscape-scale patterns of subtidal drift material and invertebrates within a 60-km2 marine basin in Washington State. Specifically, we quantified the distribution and abundance of drift macrophytes (seaweed and seagrass) and four macroinvertebrate species across depth and habitat type to depths of 170 m. Drift macrophytes were present on 97% of all video segments deeper than 30 m, with large drift piles particularly associated with low-angle habitats at depths exceeding 70 m. Two commercially harvested species (Strongylocentrotus franciscanus and Pandalus platyceros) that feed directly on drift material appear to be distributed in space (depth and substrate type) so as to maximize access to drift macrophyte food resources, according to their respective feeding modes. Basin shape and depth drive the landscape-scale distribution of drift material and indirectly the consumers that feed on it. The export of large amounts of detritus derived from nearshore macrophyte production into deep-water habitats likely fuels extensive secondary production in these aphotic zones.
Reponse to Comments on: Butler et al. Marked Expansion of Exocrine and Endocrine Pancreas With Incretin Therapy in Humans With Increased Exocrine Pancreas Dysplasia and the Potential for Glucagon-Producing Neuroendocrine Tumors. Diabetes 2013;62:2595–2604

We would begin by thanking both Dr. Engel (1) and Dr. Heine (2), as well as their colleagues, for their interest in our recent publication (3). Both collectives of authors raise issues regarding the number of individuals studied and the age-matching of the incretin-treated versus non-incretin-treated groups of individuals with type 2 diabetes. We acknowledge that the study of pancreata from brain-dead organ donors with type 2 diabetes subject to either incretin (sitagliptin, n = 7; exenatide, n = 1) or no incretion therapy ( n = 12) is small compared with the large clinical studies undertaken by drug sponsors. We also accept the critique that the matching of the two diabetic groups does not meet the standards expected for a randomized clinical study. However, to the best of our knowledge, with the exception of a single case report (4), we believe our effort represents the first evaluation of human pancreata following antecedent glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)–based therapy. We would also portend that the very random nature of obtaining human pancreata under the circumstances of brain-dead organ donors is limiting, both in terms of which individuals become obtainable and the quantity of available clinical information related to their diabetes. We fully agree that priority should be given to evaluating a larger number of pancreata, particularly given the widespread use of this class of drugs and the uncertainties with regard to their unintended actions on the pancreas. Having mentioned the relatively small sample size, we are surprised that Heine et al. (2) would propose the use of covariate analysis to address potential confounders. To the best of our understanding, the use of covariate analysis is a statistical approach suited to large population studies rather than hypothesis testing in smaller cohorts such as the present one. With each additional covariate analyzed, a degree …
An integrated analog test simulation environment

An integrated test simulation environment which links circuit simulation data and tester simulation is presented. This environment is critical to the computer-aided development of test packages for analog integrated circuits. A working example is presented. The overall benefit of the integrated simulation environment described is a shortening of the test development cycle. By allowing the test engineer to begin test package development earlier, the overall, IC design/test process shifts from a serial task to one with significant overlap. >
Design of a virtual reality based adaptive response technology for children with autism spectrum disorder

Impairments in social communication skills are thought to be core deficits in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In recent years, several assistive technologies, particularly Virtual Reality (VR), have been investigated to promote social interactions in this population. It is well-known that these children demonstrate atypical viewing patterns during social interactions and thus monitoring eye-gaze can be valuable to design intervention strategies. However, presently available VR-based systems are designed to chain learning via aspects of one's performance only permitting limited degree of individualization. Given the promise of VR-based social interaction and the usefulness of monitoring eye-gaze in real-time, a novel VR-based dynamic eye-tracking system is developed in this work. The developed system was tested through a small usability study with four adolescents with ASD. The results indicate the potential of the system to promote improved social task performance along with socially-appropriate mechanisms during VR-based social conversation tasks.
An objective structured teaching examination (OSTE) for faculty development

Abstract Objectives Opportunities for faculty development are required by APCE accreditation for Doctor of Pharmacy programs, yet few faculty development programs reported in the literature have formal structures or measureable outcomes. The goal of this project was to pilot and evaluate an objective structured teaching examination (OSTE) for faculty development. Methods Two OSTE cases were developed. Student actors were trained to portray each OSTE role in a standardized manner. Case A simulated a student–preceptor interaction in which the student is disorganized and timid when presenting a patient case. Case B simulated a student–faculty interaction regarding a challenge to an examination question and emotions escalate. All interactions were video recorded, remotely observed, and evaluated by one of the investigators using a standardized performance checklist. Faculty, standardized students, and the investigators participated in a one-hour debriefing session immediately following the OSTE. Pre-post feedback was collected from participants. Results Most participants (>80%) scored well on the standardized checklist items. Some faculty failed to redirect the student to present data in an organized manner (Case A), respond empathetically (Case B), or offer follow-up (Case B). All participants agreed the role portrayal was realistic, the debriefing session was useful, OSTEs are an effective approach, and they would participate in future OSTEs. One participant noted “all faculty in all departments should complete this activity.” Conclusions Our experience suggests that OSTEs are a realistic and well-received approach for faculty development that merits further investigation.
Alternative channels for urea in the inner medulla of the rat kidney

The ascending thin limbs (ATLs) and lower descending thin limbs (DTLs) of Henle's loop in the inner medulla of the rat are highly permeable to urea, and yet no urea transporters have been identified in these sections. We hypothesized that novel, yet-unidentified transporters in these tubule segments could explain the high urea permeability. cDNAs encoding for Na+-glucose transporter 1a (SGLT1a), Na+-glucose transporter 1 (NaGLT1), urea transporter (UT)-A2c, and UT-A2d were isolated and cloned from the Munich-Wistar rat inner medulla. SGLT1a is a novel NH2-terminal truncated variant of SGLT1. NaGLT1 is a Na+-dependent glucose transporter primarily located in the proximal tubules and not previously described in the thin limbs. UT-A2c and UT-A2d are novel variants of UT-A2. UT-A2c is truncated at the COOH terminus, and UT-A2d has one exon skipped. When rats underwent water restriction for 72 h, mRNA levels of SGLT1a increased in ATLs, NaGLT1 levels increased in both ATLs and DTLs, and UT-A2c increased in ATLs. [14C]urea uptake assays performed on Xenopus oocytes heterologously expressing these proteins revealed that despite having structural differences from their full-length versions, SGLT1a, UT-A2c, and UT-A2d enhanced urea uptake. NaGLT1 also facilitated urea uptake. Uptakes were Na+ independent and inhibitable by phloretin and/or phloridzin. Our data indicate that there are several alternative channels for urea in the rat inner medulla that could potentially contribute to the high urea permeabilities in thin limb segments.
James Abrams @ Clockwork Home Services, Inc.: Lessons from a Serial Entrepreneur

Appropriate case for students interested in entrepreneurship, growing a business, and developing a business model. The case presents the challenges that come with growth and examines the iterative entrepreneurial process across time and activities by following a serial entrepreneur as he builds three successful businesses within the same industry. It also illustrates how he developed his business model.
Charcoal medium for growth and maintenance of large and small races of Entamoeba histolytica.

Culturing of the small race of Entamoeba histolytica has been difficult, and yet this phase of study has received little attention from investigators. Although Drbohlav reported growing a small race in 1925, it was not until 1936 that Spector reported growth of only 5 to 8 per cent of organisms of the small race from stools. Later, Meleney and Frye isolated the D strain. Perhaps the most concentrated efforts to culture the small race from stools were those of Sapero and co-workers, who reported uniform failure in more than 100 attempts. However, Spector and Sapero and his associates had no difficulty in culturing the large race with the technics that they used for the small race. In 1948, Reardon succeeded in isolating strain 110, and more recently, Shaffer and Schneider isolated the Conrad strain, but they failed to isolate additional strains from other stools in nearly 50 attempts. Norman and Brooke • mentioned culturing, but not isolating, the small race from stools. The lack of a satisfactory medium for isolating the small race led us to investigate the possibilities of a new medium containing charcoal. Tsuchiya added charcoal to the nutrient broth overlay of Dorsett egg medium in order to culture amebas, and Anderson and Hansen used charcoal as a substitute for starch. Hirsch provided us with a charcoal medium that was prepared for the culturing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The purpose of this paper is to describe 2 modifications of this medium that were developed for the maintenance of several well-established strains of the large race of E. histolytica, and for the isolation and maintenance of strains of the small race from stool specimens.
Cold Tolerance of Container-grown Green Ash Trees Is Influenced by Nitrogen Fertilizer Type and Rate

A study was conducted to determine whether nitrogen (N) application rate and fertilizer form are related to cold tolerance of buds and stems using container-grown ‘Summit’ green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) trees. Trees were grown with different rates of N from either urea formaldehyde (UF) or a controlledrelease fertilizer (CRF) containing ammonium nitrate during the 2006 growing season; and growth, N and carbon (C) composition, and cold tolerance were evaluated in Oct. 2006, Dec. 2006, and Feb. 2007 by assessing the lowest survival temperature (LST) of stem and bud tissues on current season (2006) stems. Both fertilizer type and rate influenced the bud and stem LSTs. The influence of fertilizer rate was most evident on midwinter (December) stem LSTs and the influence of fertilizer type was observed in bud and stem LSTs during the deacclimation period in February. Higher LSTs were associated with higher N concentrations and lower C/N ratios; however, stems and buds of trees fertilized with UF were more coldtolerant (had lower LSTs) than stems and buds on trees fertilized with CRF. Fertilizer type resulted in several differences in N and C translocation and metabolism during the fall and winter. Our results indicate trees with a similar N status are able to withstand different levels of cold depending on the rate of N and the type or form of fertilizer used during production. This may have to do with differences in how trees metabolize the different fertilizer forms, where and when the N is stored, and how it is remobilized in the spring, especially in relation to C metabolism.
Morbidity and mortality for alternate-site anesthesia care.

The bibliography contains very few references from anesthesia literature and a preponderance of citations from emergency medicine, radiology and pediatrics journals. The reviewed publications include studies addressing the relation of drug type and dosages to morbidity and mortality in alternate sit
Polytobacco, marijuana, and alcohol use patterns in college students: A latent class analysis

Limited research has examined polysubstance use profiles among young adults focusing on the various tobacco products currently available. We examined use patterns of various tobacco products, marijuana, and alcohol using data from the baseline survey of a multiwave longitudinal study of 3418 students aged 18-25 recruited from seven U.S. college campuses. We assessed sociodemographics, individual-level factors (depression; perceptions of harm and addictiveness,), and sociocontextual factors (parental/friend use). We conducted a latent class analysis and multivariable logistic regression to examine correlates of class membership (Abstainers were referent group). Results indicated five classes: Abstainers (26.1% per past 4-month use), Alcohol only users (38.9%), Heavy polytobacco users (7.3%), Light polytobacco users (17.3%), and little cigar and cigarillo (LCC)/hookah/marijuana co-users (10.4%). The most stable was LCC/hookah/marijuana co-users (77.3% classified as such in past 30-day and 4-month timeframes), followed by Heavy polytobacco users (53.2% classified consistently). Relative to Abstainers, Heavy polytobacco users were less likely to be Black and have no friends using alcohol and perceived harm of tobacco and marijuana use lower. Light polytobacco users were older, more likely to have parents using tobacco, and less likely to have friends using tobacco. LCC/hookah/marijuana co-users were older and more likely to have parents using tobacco. Alcohol only users perceived tobacco and marijuana use to be less socially acceptable, were more likely to have parents using alcohol and friends using marijuana, but less likely to have friends using tobacco. These findings may inform substance use prevention and recovery programs by better characterizing polysubstance use patterns.
Dinitrophenol and Regeneration in Tubularia

Recent studies of the effects of alphadinitrophenol on the higher vertebrates and man1 have shown its powerful influence on the metabolic rate. The fact that it resembles thyroxin in this respect has led to an examination of its influence on the regenerative development of certain lower invertebrates of relatively simple structure, some of whose responses to thyroxin are already known. It will be recalled that thyroxin retards the division rate of animal cells, the early development of sea urchin and ascidian2 and regeneration of the hydranth in the hydroid Pennaria.3During the past summer the effect of alphadinitrophenol in various concentrations on the regeneration of the hydroid Tubularia crocea has been observed. A single experiment will be considered at this time.Four dishes were prepared, each with 100 cc. of sea water. One served as a control. The others contained, in addition to the sea water, alphadinitrophenol in concentrations of 1:100,000, 1:200,000 and 1:400,000 respectively. In each dish wer...
Overview of Classification Systems in Peripheral Artery Disease

Peripheral artery disease (PAD), secondary to atherosclerotic disease, is currently the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the western world. While PAD is common, it is estimated that the majority of patients with PAD are undiagnosed and undertreated. The challenge to the treatment of PAD is to accurately diagnose the symptoms and determine treatment for each patient. The varied presentations of peripheral vascular disease have led to numerous classification schemes throughout the literature. Consistent grading of patients leads to both objective criteria for treating patients and a baseline for clinical follow-up. Reproducible classification systems are also important in clinical trials and when comparing medical, surgical, and endovascular treatment paradigms. This article reviews the various classification systems for PAD and advantages to each system.
Long-term outcomes in treatment of retroperitoneal sarcomas: A 15 year single-institution evaluation of prognostic features

Background Retroperitoneal sarcomas are connective tissue tumors arising in the retroperitoneum. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment. Debate has arisen over extent of resection, changes in histological classification/grading, and interest in incorporating radiotherapy. Therefore, we reviewed our institution's experience to evaluate prognostic factors. Methods Retrospective chart review of all primary RPS patients at Johns Hopkins Hospital from 1994 to 2010. Histologic diagnosis and grading were re-evaluated with current criteria. Prognostic factors for survival, and recurrence were assessed. Results One hundred thirty-one primary RPS patients met inclusion criteria. Median survival for patients who undergo en-bloc resection to negative margins (R0/R1) is 81.7 months. Surgical margins and grade were the most important factors for survival along with age, gender, presence of metastases and resection of ≥5 organs. Five-year survival for R0/R1 resection was 60%, similar to compartmental resection. Radiotherapy significantly decreased local recurrence (P = 0.026) on multivariate analysis. Grade in leiomyosarcomas and dedifferentiation in liposarcomas dictated patterns of local versus distal recurrence. Conclusions En bloc surgical resection to R0/R1 margins remains the cornerstone of therapy and provides comparable outcomes to compartmental resections. Grade remains important for prognosis, and histology dictates recurrence patterns. Radiotherapy appears promising for local control and warrants further investigation. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;114:56–64. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
153 DEVELOPMENTAL CHANGES IN T-HELPER BIAS IN MURINE DISEASE MODELS.

Background Since the discovery of T helper subsets in 1986, T cells have been classified as TH1 or TH2 on the basis of their cytokine secretion profile. Th1 responses are stimulated by intracellular pathogens and produce high levels of cytokine IFN-g. Dysregulation of the Th1 response has been linked to multiple sclerosis and susceptibility to influenza. Th2 responses are stimulated by extracellular pathogens and produce high levels of IL-4, and dysregulation is linked to development and progression of asthma. Mouse strains have been shown to have predispositions toward Th1 or Th2 responses, making certain strains more suitable models for disease studies. It is the purpose of this study to determine the time in development that such biases initiate in the C57BL/6 (TH1) and BALB/c (TH2) strains. Methods Splenocytes were harvested from adult (6-8 week) and aged (> 6 months) mice and seeded in 96-well plates previously coated with aCD3 stimulating antibody or isotype control. Supernates were collected 4 days post stimulation and stored at 280. Cytokine ELISAs were performed as per manufacturer9s instructions using assays from Biolegend (San Diego, CA), and cytokine concentrations were determined using a VersaMax plate-reader and the Soft-Max Pro analysis program. Results At 96 hours post-stimulation the TH1 biased strain (B6) was producing 82.51 ng/mL of IFN-g (6 2.62 ng/mL) while the TH2-biased animals (BALB/c) were producing 40.54 ng/mL IFN-g (6 12.61 ng/mL). At the same time point TH1 animals produced 1.80 ng/mL IL-4 (6 0.3 ng/mL), and TH2-biased animals produced 3.49 ng/mL IL-4 (6 1.02 ng/ml). The stimulation with isotype control has been shown to produce no significant splenocyte stimulation. Conclusions It has been shown in our lab as well as others that adult B6 and BALB/c mice express a bias in T helper response. Future experiments in our lab will revolve around discovering the stage of development in which the bias initiates. In future studies splenocytes from newborn and early adolescent mice will be analyzed for cytokine expression upon stimulation with a-CD3. Implications Murine T-helper bias has lead to strain-specific models of disease. The progression of bias development could be of great use to pediatric research specifically to allow for more accurately designed disease models.
Numerical simulation of groundwater under different exploitation scenarios in western area of Changyuan

Hydro-geological conditions are analyzed ,and numerical simulating model is built in this paper. After identification and calibration of simulating model, groundwater will be exploited under three exploitation scenarios .Forecasting groundwater level shows that scenarios A ?B will lead drop of groundwater level ,and scenario C is suitable for exploiting groundwater in the future. Controlled level of groundwater determines exploited water resources.
Some Principles of Visual Design for Computer Music

This article presents observations pertaining to expressive visual design for computer music, focusing in particular on real-time integration of graphics and audio. The author describes specific projects as examples supporting a set of design principles that range from “user-oriented” to “aesthetic” and other observations. Examples include audio visualization, game-like interfaces, and mobile musical instruments.
Biaxial mechanical behavior of excised ventricular epicardium

We present results from in vitro biaxial stress-strain experiments on epicardium excised from the right and left ventricular free walls of canine hearts. These data reveal that the biomechanical behavior of ventricular epicardium is qualitatively similar to atrial epicardium and parietal pericardium but different from noncontracting myocardium. In particular, ventricular epicardium exhibits a highly nonlinear stress-stretch behavior, being initially compliant but then very stiff near the limits of its extensibility. In addition, the epicardium appears to be initially isotropic but becomes markedly anisotropic upon rapid stiffening. Finally, specimens taken from the right and left ventricular free walls behaved similarly. We submit that excised ventricular epicardium is capable of carrying significant in-plane loads and that there is a need to investigate further its role in local and global cardiac mechanics and physiology.
Opportunity, Resources, and Threat: Explaining Local Nativist Organizing in the United States

I examine variation in nativist organizing through an analysis of the number of nativist organizations in U.S. counties. I make two primary contributions to literatures on anti-immigrant phenomena and right-wing mobilization. First, I investigate the extent to which theories of threat, in addition to resource mobilization and political opportunity theories, further our understandings of nativist mobilization. Pro-immigrant oppositional activism and racist hate resource and organizational bases facilitate this mobilization, whereas a weak economic base, growing working-class base, and increasing Latino political representation constrain it. In addition, the association between nativist mobilization and Latino population change, as well as conservative voting, is curvilinear (inverted U). Nativist mobilization thrives in the presence of low-to-moderate levels of demographic threat, as well as in contexts in which political conservatism is present but weak enough to make the conservative, nativist identity n...
Feminist Displeasure and the Loving of Lady Chatterley: Lawrence, Hemingway, Mailer, and the Dialectic of ‘Sex-with-Guilt’

The antagonism many feminists feel about Lawrence’s portrait of Ursula Brangwen in Women in Love is exceeded by their anger at his claims for the sexual rebirth of Connie Chatterley. And just as these critics undervalue the essential criticism Ursula supplies for Birkin’s cherished beliefs, so do they often not admire — or even acknowledge — the real target that informs Lawrence’s characterization of Lady Chatterley: her gradual acceptance and ultimate understanding of Mellors’s brand of loving suggests the full extent of Lawrence’s disgust with what he disparagingly calls the ‘modern’ notions of sexuality and commitment popular in the 1920s. By the time of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, Lawrence dogmatically associates his culture’s more liberal, post-war attitudes towards passion, gender roles, courtship, and marriage with a deadening mechanization (a ‘mentalizing’, as he often puts it) of the instinctive sexual impulse: ‘The body of men and women today is just a trained dog. And of no one is this more true than of the free and emancipated young. Above all, their bodies are the bodies of trained dogs.’1 Thus not surprisingly today, considerable feminist displeasure often is directed at the structure, premises, and ethics of Lawrence’s most phallic novel; other aspects of recent ideological attacks variously are levelled at Mellors and/or Connie and the purported sexism of their characterizations.
The Principle of Fair Play

The traditional consent theory account of political obligation can be understood as advancing two basic claims. (1) All or most citizens, at least within reasonably just political communities, have political obligations (that is, moral obligations or duties to obey the law and support the political institutions of their countries of residence). (2) All political obligations are grounded in personal consent (express or tacit). Today most political philosophers (and non-philosophers, I suspect) are still prepared to accept (1). But (2) has been widely rejected largely because it entails, in conjunction with (1), that all or most of us have undertaken political obligations by deliberate consensual acts . And this seems not even approximately true. If it is not true, then (1) requires a defense employing a more complex account of special rights and obligations than the one offered by consent theory. One popular way of defending (1) relies on what has been called “the principle of fair play” (or “the principle of fairness”). Advocates of this principle argue that promises and deliberate consent are not the only possible grounds of special rights and obligations; the acceptance of benefits within certain sorts of cooperative schemes, they maintain, is by itself sufficient to generate such rights and obligations. It is these arguments I want to examine. I begin with a brief discussion of the principle of fair play as it has appeared in recent philosophical literature.
Inverter Based OTA Design

The increased demand for battery operated devices has placed added pressure on lowered supply voltages. Technology scaling proportionally scales supply voltages to maintain device reliability but threshold voltages have not scaled as rapidly to limit the off current leakage in transistors. Delta sigma ADCs, particularly, continuous time delta sigma modulator are attractive due to implicit anti-aliasing, relaxed speed requirements on the active elements and the use of resistive input impedances. Although the use of multibit quantizers relaxes the design of the loop filter and are less sensitive to clock jitter, single-bit designs are simpler and do not require any dynamic element matching. The design of first integrator in a single bit modulator with adequate linearity and low power is always a challenge particularly in lower technologies [21].
Transposition as a mechanism for maintaining telomere length in Drosophila

Telomeres are structures at the termini of linear chromosomes that serve to maintain the stability of those ends. Several functions have been attributed to telomeres, at least two of these are vital. The vital functions are (a) to “cap” the natural chromosome ends in order to distinguish them from broken ends and, thus, to protect them from recombination, repair, and degradation, and (b) to maintain chromosome length by periodic elongation and, thus, to counteract the inability of DNA polymerases to replicate linear chromosomes completely. While very little is known about capping, the mechanisms of telomere elongation in a number of organisms are being elucidated.
Common Behavioral Disorders of Childhood

Like physical growth and development, behavior develops in stages. What is considered normal at one age may be quite abnormal for another developmental phase, and some behavioral disorders are age specific. The problems that prompt parents to seek the physician’s help range from the truly pathological to those that are normal or that can be changed by simple manipulations of the environment. Some of these problems may also reflect variations in the child’s temperament, an area that has received considerable study in recent years.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Sleep Disorders

Sleep is an essential part of the human experience; but, disorders of sleep are all too common, with 20% of adults reporting difficulty sleeping. As more and more people seek out treatment for sleep disturbance, and with the rates of comorbidity with other physical and psychiatric disorders on the rise, cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) has emerged as an effective tool for producing lasting change. Although this chapter is focused on insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, and its treatment using CBT-I and other therapies derived from a cognitive behavioral approach, special attention is also paid to the role that comorbidity and age plays on the presentation of sleep dysregulation and the implications for treatment.
THE INTRODUCTION OF “ARABIC” NUMERALS IN EUROPEAN ACCOUNTING

The general adoption of “Arabic” numerals by European bookkeepers occurred at least five hundred years after their introduction to the scholarly world. The early availability yet late adoption of t...
Outcomes of invasive mediastinal nodal staging versus positron emission tomography staging alone for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic body radiation therapy.

Abstract Background The benefit of invasive mediastinal nodal staging (IMNS) in addition to positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) is undefined for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This multi-institutional investigation aimed to evaluate outcomes and patterns of failure in patients staged with PET/CT with or without additional IMNS. Methods Two academic centers assessed all consecutive patients staged with PET/CT for early-stage, primary lung NSCLC (cT1-2aN0M0) treated with SBRT. Local recurrence-free survival (LRFS), nodal recurrence-free survival (NRFS), distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS), and overall survival (OS) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier methodology. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards modeling addressed factors associated with outcomes. Results Overall, 180 patients (199 lesions) were staged with PET/CT alone and 56 patients (58 lesions) underwent additional IMNS. Among patients receiving IMNS, 52 (93%) underwent EBUS and 4 (7%) underwent mediastinoscopy. At a median follow-up of 33.5 months (range, 1.9–80.9 months), there was no significant difference in LRFS (37 vs. 47 months, p = 0.309), NRFS (34 vs. 42 months p = 0.370), DMFS (36 vs. 47 months, p = 0.234) or OS (37 vs. 47 months, p = 0.236) between patients undergoing PET/CT-only versus PET/CT + IMNS staging, respectively. Receipt of IMNS did not correlate with any outcome on either univariate or multivariate analysis (p > 0.05). Patterns of failure in both groups were similar, including crude isolated nodal failure rates (8% PET/CT-only versus 14% PET + IMNS group, p = 0.202). Conclusions Patients undergoing IMNS had similar survival and patterns of recurrence as those receiving PET/CT alone. Further study, ideally prospectively, is needed to determine which subgroups might benefit from IMNS.
High-throughput screening of hybridoma supernatants using multiplexed fluorescent cell barcoding on live cells

With current available assay formats using either immobilized protein (ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) or immunostaining of fixed cells for primary monoclonal antibody (mAb) screening, researchers often fail to identify and characterize antibodies that recognize the native conformation of cell-surface antigens. Therefore, screening using live cells has become an integral and important step contributing to the successful identification of therapeutic antibody candidates. Thus the need for developing high-throughput screening (HTS) technologies using live cells has become a major priority for therapeutic mAb discovery and development. We have developed a novel technique called Multiplexed Fluorescent Cell Barcoding (MFCB), a flow cytometry-based method based upon the Fluorescent Cell Barcoding (FCB) technique and the Luminex fluorescent bead array system, but is applicable to high-through mAb screens on live cells. Using this technique in our system, we can simultaneously identify or characterize the antibody-antigen binding of up to nine unique fluorescent labeled cell populations in the time that it would normally take to process a single population. This has significantly reduced the amount of time needed for the identification of potential lead candidates. This new technology enables investigators to conduct large-scale primary hybridoma screens using flow cytometry. This in turn has allowed us to screen antibodies more efficiently than before and streamline identification and characterization of lead molecules.
Dissociative and complex trauma disorders in health and mental health contexts: Or why is the elephant not in the room?

I went looking for a residential treatment program the other day. One of my clients having received a dual diagnosis—alcohol abuse and dissociative identity disorder. In Southern Calfornia, where I...
Evaluation of hepatocellular carcinoma transarterial chemoembolization using 3D contrast enhanced ultrasound time-intensity curve analysis

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is standard of care for patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer stage B hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current guidelines recommend follow-up imaging 4–6 weeks after treatment. An earlier indicator of residual disease would enable clinicians to retreat sooner, potentially improving disease control. In this study, time-intensity curves from 3D contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) were assessed as an alternative for the identification of TACE patients requiring retreatment. To date, 13 patients undergoing TACE for the treatment of HCC provided informed consent to participate in 3 CEUS exams: prior to TACE, 1–2 weeks post treatment, and approximately one month post treatment. CEUS was performed using a Logiq E9 scanner with an RAB2–5-D probe (GE Healthcare, Wauwatosa, WI, USA). Following baseline imaging, patients received an intravenous bolus injection of 0.2–0.3 ml of Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, N Billerica, MA, USA), while 3D data was continuously obtained from the entire tumor and surrounding tissue using coded harmonics at low MI until contrast washout was observed (after 3–4 minutes). Volume data at each time point was extracted offline as 8 equidistant 2D slices across the mass. Time-intensity curves for the HCC and normal tissue were calculated by averaging over the 8 planes and compared to the patient's treatment response. A total of 11 subjects' data (7 subjects with complete and 4 with incomplete treatment response) were included for the time-intensity curve analysis. Peak enhancement intensities of the tumor prior to TACE were similar between the complete and incomplete treatment groups (82.3 ± 37.4 vs. 85.8 ± 52.2 arbitrary unit (AU); p=0.91), while 1–2 weeks and 1 month post treatment they were significantly lower in the complete treatment group than in the incomplete treatment group (24.6 ± 6.4 vs. 68.9 ± 32.7 AU; p=0.01 and 17.2 ± 4.74 vs. 87.2 ± 27.8 AU; p=0.0001, respectively). The contrast wash-in and wash-out did not differentiate responders (p>0.06). In spite of the limited sample size, time-intensity curve analysis from 3D CEUS shows potential to identify TACE patients requiring retreatment as early as 1–2 weeks post treatment.
Exocrine pancreatic insufficiency after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Several reports suggest a relationship between bone marrow transplantation and pancreatic damage. The authors describe two patients with pancreatic insufficiency after bone marrow transplantation. The first patient had weight loss arising from steatorrhea secondary to severe pancreatic insufficiency (lipase output result <3% of normal) due to pancreatic atrophy. The second patient had steatorrhea secondary to intestinal bacterial overgrowth, but moderate pancreatic insufficiency was present (results of trypsin and lipase outputs were 50 and 30% of normal). Before the diagnosis of pancreatic insufficiency, both patients had acute graft vs host disease and the second patient had chronic graft vs host disease. We conclude that graft vs host disease after bone marrow transplantation may damage the pancreas. Patients with persistent malabsorption after bone marrow transplantation should be tested for exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Other honeycomb applications

This chapter deals with other uses of honeycomb such as energy absorption, air directionalization, acoustical and thermal versatility, radiofrequency shielding and dielectric properties. Honeycomb is mainly used in structural sandwich applications but does have many other attributes that are used in different situations.
A Pattern Language for Parallel Application Programs

A design pattern is a description of a high-quality solution to a frequently occurring problem in some domain. A pattern language is a collection of design patterns that are carefully organized to embody a design methodology. A designer is led through the pattern language, at each step choosing an appropriate pattern, until the final design is obtained in terms of a web of patterns. This paper describes a pattern language for parallel application programs. The goal of our pattern language is to lower the barrier to parallel programming by guiding a programmer through the entire process of developing a parallel program.
A Study of Ramsey's Extremely Poor Reading of Chapter III of J. M. Keynes's A Treatise on Probability and the Refutations Made by J. M. Keynes and Bertrand Russell

Frank P Ramsey’s critique of Keynes’s logical Theory of Probability, presented in 1925 and published in 1930, is so weak and poor that J M Keynes or Bertrand Russell could easily have refuted and decimated Ramsey’s claims in the space of one half of an hour to one hour at Keynes’s Political Economy club in 1925 or 1926 if they had chosen to do so.This raises the question of whether or not Ramsey ever understood the book he had claimed to be reviewing. There is a very high probability that Ramsey did not read and understand Keynes’s chapter III when he published both his 1922 review in the Cambridge Magazine and the 1926 review in 1930 posthumously.
Accuracy Limits for Globally-Referenced Digital Mapping Using Standard GNSS

Exchange of location and sensor data among connected and automated vehicles will demand accurate global referencing of the digital maps currently being developed to aid positioning for automated driving. This paper explores the limit of such maps' globally-referenced position accuracy when the mapping agents are equipped with low-cost Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers performing standard code-phase-based navigation. The key accuracy-limiting factor is shown to be the asymptotic average of the error sources that impair standard GNSS positioning. Asymptotic statistics of each GNSS error source are analyzed through both simulation and empirical data to show that sub-50-cm accurate digital mapping is feasible in moderately urban environments in the horizontal plane after multiple mapping sessions with standard GNSS, but larger biases persist in the vertical direction.
Common knowledge: shared genetics in psychiatry.

Geneticists are pushing for ever-greater sample sizes to gain insight into the genetic variation that contributes to psychiatric disorders. Two new genome-wide association studies leverage this approach to provide broad, population-level perspectives on the genetic basis for major depressive disorder and the shared genetic risk that underlies multiple disorders.