cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
What Is a Network

“In the past,” Nardi, Whittaker, and Schwarz tell us, “much work took place in relatively stable settings” (2002, p. 205). In these settings, long-term relationships flourished; workers held long-term or lifelong jobs, maintained steady contacts with other organizations and with the public, and built up considerable expertise (cf. Braverman, 1974). They fulfilled clearly defined roles and developed strong working relationships. They “shared considerable social, cultural, and organizational knowledge that served as a backdrop for work and interaction” (Nardi et al., 2002, p. 205). But recent changes in work, particularly knowledge work, have destabilized these settings: downsizing, automation, flattening of work hierarchies, increasing numbers of relationships between companies, and continual reorganization (p. 206; cf. Deleuze, 1995; Engestrom, Engestrom, & Vahaaho, 1999). One result, Nardi et al. say, is that “many corporations operate in an increasingly distributed manner, with workers, contractors, consultants, and important contacts such as those in the press located in different parts of the country or across the globe” (p. 206; cf. Zuboff & Maxmin, 2004). This description certainly fits Telecorp in 2000–2001, during my observations. Telecorp was undergoing rapid and sometimes chaotic changes: rapid growth, rapid acquisitions, rapid turnover in workers, rapid adoption of new technologies and new features, all in the rapidly changing landscape of the telecommunications industry. The industry by its nature involves constant collaboration among companies and frequent contact with customers; organizational boundaries are quite porous, with connections at all levels and in all areas.
Insights into elevation-dependent warming in the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas from CMIP5 model simulations

We use the output of twenty-seven Global Climate Models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) to investigate the temperature changes and their dependence on the elevation in the Tibetan Plateau, Himalaya and Karakoram mountains and in the surrounding areas in historical model simulations and in future projections. The aim of this study is to explore if and to what extent the CMIP5 models show elevation-dependent warming (EDW) in this part of the globe and to investigate what are the driving factors at play and their relative importance. Our results indicate that the models show enhanced rates of warming at higher elevations in the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayan region in the twentieth century, and this phenomenon is projected to strengthen by the end of the twenty-first century under a high-emission scenario. We find a nonlinear relationship between the warming rates and the elevation, for both the minimum and the maximum temperature: regions with temperatures below the freezing level of water show more warming than the regions with temperatures above, likely suggesting a key role of mechanisms involving water phase changes, the presence/absence of snow and the snow-albedo feedback. We consider the main variables simulated by the CMIP5 models whose change may be related to temperature changes at higher elevations. We find that changes in surface albedo, atmospheric humidity and downward longwave radiation are relevant factors for EDW in the Tibetan Plateau-Himalayas, with surface albedo being the leading driver.
Stability of High Speed 3D Printing in Liquid-Like Solids

Fluid instabilities limit the ability of features to hold their shape in many types of 3D printing as liquid inks solidify into written structures. By 3D printing directly into a continuum of jammed granular microgels, these instabilities are circumvented by eliminating surface tension and body forces. However, this type of 3D printing process is potentially limited by inertial instabilities if performed at high speeds where turbulence may destroy features as they are written. Here, we design and test a high-speed 3D printing experimental system to identify the instabilities that arise when an injection nozzle translates at 1 m/s. We find that the viscosity of the injected material can control the Reynold’s instability, and we discover an additional, unanticipated instability near the top surface of the granular microgel medium.
RNA transcript expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components in regenerating skeletal muscle is sensitive to initial injury intensity

Abstract Objective Skeletal muscle regeneration is a complex process involving the coordinated input from multiple stimuli. Of these processes, actions of the insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways are vital; however, whether IGF-I or PI3K expression is modified during regeneration relative to initial damage intensity is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine whether mRNA expression of IGF-I/PI3K pathway components was differentially regulated during muscle regeneration in mice in response to traumatic injury induced by freezing of two different durations. Design Traumatic injury was imposed by applying a 6-mm diameter cylindrical steel probe, cooled to the temperature of dry ice (−79°C), to the belly of the left tibialis anterior muscle of 12-week-old C57BL/6J mice for either 5s (5s) or 10s (10s). The right leg served as the uninjured control. RNA was obtained from injured and control muscles following 3, 7, and 21days recovery and examined by real-time PCR. Expression of transcripts within the IGF, PI3K, and Akt families, as well as for myogenic regulatory factors and micro-RNAs were studied. Results Three days following injury, there was significantly increased expression of Igf1 , Igf2 , Igf1r , Igf2r , Pik3cb , Pik3cd , Pik3cg , Pik3r1 , Pik3r5 , Akt1 , and Akt3 in response to either 5s or 10s injury compared to uninjured control muscle. There was a significantly greater expression of Pik3cb , Pik3cd , Pik3cg , Pik3r5 , Akt1 , and Akt3 in 10s injured muscle compared to 5s injured muscle. Seven days following injury, we observed significantly increased expression of Igf1 , Igf2 , Pik3cd , and Pik3cg in injured muscle compared to control muscle in response to 10s freeze injury. We also observed significantly reduced expression of Igf1r and miR-133a in response to 5s freeze injury compared to control muscle, and significantly reduced expression of Ckm , miR-1 and miR-133a in response to 10s freeze injury as compared to control. Twenty-one days following injury, 5s freeze-injured muscle exhibited significantly increased expression of Igf2 , Igf2r , Pik3cg , Akt3 , Myod1 , Myog , Myf5 , and miR-206 compared to control muscle, while 10s freeze-injured muscles showed significantly increased expression of Igf2 , Igf2r , Pik3cb , Pik3cd , Pik3r5 , Akt1 , Akt3 , and Myog compared to control. Expression of miR-1 was significantly reduced in 10s freeze-injured muscle compared to control muscle at this time. There were no significant differences in RNA expression between 5s and 10s injury at either 7d or 21d recovery in any transcript examined. Conclusions During early skeletal muscle regeneration in mice, transcript expressions for some components of the IGF-I/PI3K pathway are sensitive to initial injury intensity induced by freeze damage.
« Une école où tu réapprends à être fier de ce que tu es… » : l’Institution Kiuna et le programme Sciences humaines – Premières Nations

Depuis son ouverture en 2011 a Odanak, l’Institut collegial Kiuna constitue le seul etablissement postsecondaire concu par et pour les Premieres Nations du Quebec. Il s’inscrit dans la ligne directe de son predecesseur, le College Manitou de La Macaza (1973-1976) et des Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCU) americains en matiere de securite et de continuite culturelles. Or, l’introduction de perspectives autochtones et de cursus adaptes au sein du systeme d’education provincial pose un certain nombre de defis conceptuels et logistiques. L’etablissement postsecondaire peut-il s’averer un environnement favorable au developpement identitaire des etudiants autochtones ? L’adaptation de programmes postsecondaires peut-elle contribuer a la perseverance et a la reussite des etudiants des Premieres Nations ? Cet article vise a analyser les dispositifs inscrits au sein du projet pedagogique du programme Sciences humaines – Premieres Nations de l’Institution Kiuna. A la lumiere des temoignages d’etudiants, de diplomes et de professionnels autochtones recueillis entre 2013 et 2015, il tend a demontrer que l’adaptation de cursus et de services postsecondaires contribue a la securite culturelle, a l’enracinement identitaire et, donc, a la perseverance scolaire d’etudiants des Premieres Nations.
Effect of Photo-Assisted RIE Damage on GaN

Reactive Ion Etching (RIE) and Photo-Assisted RIE (PA-RIE) induced damage in GaN using simple Schottky structures and a BCl3/Cl2/N2 gas mixture have been investigated. Schottky diode I–V characteristics following different RF powers and exposure times show significant changes caused by damage. This damage results in a reduction of the reverse breakdown voltage VB in n-type GaN and an increase in VB for p-type GaN. Our preliminary data on the PA-RIE process points to much reduced damage levels compared to conventional RIE. This result may be due to a change in surface chemistry or to a photo-enhanced diffusion of defects into the GaN layer, leaving a cleaner nearsurface region.
The Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention

The Child and Family Traumatic Stress Intervention (CFTSI) is a brief, evidence-based trauma-focused mental health treatment for children and adolescents that was developed at the Childhood Violent Trauma Center at the Yale Child Study Center. Created specifically to be implemented soon after a potentially traumatic event or formal disclosure of physical or sexual abuse (such as in a forensic interview), CFTSI focuses on increasing family support for the child, enhancing communication between the child and caregiver about the child’s symptoms, and providing skills to help children and families cope with and master trauma reactions. CFTSI also offers the opportunity for symptom reduction and a seamless introduction to longer-term treatment and other mental health interventions when needed..
Network Virtualization in Spectrum Sliced Elastic Optical Path Networks

The recent decade has witnessed an evolution toward virtualization of everything for the IT industry. Resources, from utility resources to networking components and functions, are abstracted as logical or virtual services. Virtualization results in elastic, agile, and automated resource provision, and facilitates the resource pricing in a pay-as-you-go model. Among this wave, the optical community has made parallel efforts in virtualizing resources in optical networks including both optical node and link resources. A virtualized optical network can not only seamlessly support automated resource provision, but also supply high-bandwidth any-to-any connectivity for network virtualization. In this paper, we overview the motivations and architecture for optical-based network virtualization. Among candidate optical networking paradigms, we argue that spectrum-sliced elastic optical path (SLICE) networks can be considered as a promising substrate choice, and study the key enabling problem, namely optical virtual network embedding over SLICE networks (OVNE-SLICE). We prove the NP-completeness of the OVNE-SLICE problem, and propose two mathematical models for this problem based on a concept named path-channel . The models are evaluated in our simulation, and compared with alternative models proposed in the literature.
A coupled sliding and rolling friction model for DEM calibration

Abstract The accuracy of dense Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations is sensitive to initial density, contact orientation, particle size and shape, and interparticle interaction parameters including contact stiffness, cohesion, coefficients of friction, and coefficients of restitution. Although studies have characterized the effects of individual particle interaction parameters on mechanical responses of loaded granular material, research combining DEM parameters for calibration is scarce. Robust DEM calibration methodology combining sliding and rolling friction coefficients was developed and validated to predict bulk residual soil strength of initially dense DEM particle assemblies.
Functional Imaging and Assessment of Antitumor Activity in Systemic Therapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Increasing use of novel systemic treatment options in the management of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) such as antiangiogenic and molecular-targeted therapies, poses unique challenges for effective treatment monitoring and efficacy assessment. The traditional morphological criteria such as response evaluation criteria in solid tumor (RECIST) rely on changes in tumor size to determine treatment efficacy. However, these criteria based on tumor morphology may not be suitable to monitor response to newer targeted therapies as early functional changes induced by these drugs precede changes in tumor size. Modifications of these morphological criteria that determine response based on tumor enhancement characteristics such as modified RECIST (mRECIST) will potentially allow improved determination of treatment response pending validation from prospective trials. Advanced functional imaging techniques such as perfusion imaging (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging [CT/MRI]), diffusion weighted MRI (DW-MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET/CT and PET/MRI) are being increasingly used as surrogate imaging biomarkers to provide superior assessment of changes in tumor physiology. Growing emphasis on precision oncological care tailored to specific tumor type and individual patients renders the use of these newer imaging modalities more pertinent and timely. In this review, the authors discuss the role of various imaging techniques and response assessment criteria in the evaluation of systemic therapy for advanced HCC with focus on functional imaging tools.
Wireless Powering for Miniature Implantable Systems

The miniaturization of electronics has paved way for implantable devices at the scale of a millimeter or less. Progress in energy storage technologies, however, has been slower and the miniaturization of the power source remains unsolved. Wireless powering provides a potential solution in which electromagnetic energy is transferred from an external source. In this chapter, we analyze powering in the weakly coupled regime and discuss a specific example for a cardiac implant. For a weakly coupled device, we show that optimal powering occurs in the mid-field where power transfer occurs though a combination of inductive and radiative modes in tissue, in contrast to conventional inductive coupling.
Substance use comorbidity in bipolar disorder: A qualitative review of treatment strategies and outcomes.

Background and objectives Substance use disorders (SUDs) are present in up to 70% of patients with bipolar disorder (BD) and contribute to high rates of disability, morbidity, and treatment non-adherence. Despite this prevalence, few trials have investigated targeted psychosocial interventions for comorbid BD and SUDs. Methods Using PubMed and PsycINFO, we conducted a search of the literature up to January 2018 for psychosocial interventions targeted to patients with comorbid BD and SUDs. We identified eight total trials. Of these studies, four randomized and two open trials targeted the types of substance use (alcohol and illicit drugs) of primary concern to mood stability; the remaining two studies, both open trials, targeted smoking cessation. Results None of the randomized trials provided consistent evidence for management of both mood symptoms and substance use though integrated group therapy (IGT) demonstrated consistent beneficial effects on substance use outcomes. Other treatments showed benefit for mood symptoms without benefits for alcohol or illicit substance use. Small pilot studies of combined treatments for smoking cessation provided some initial promise. Conclusions At present, IGT is the most-well validated and efficacious approach if substance use is targeted in an initial treatment phase. For a subsequent phase, additional psychosocial BD treatments may be needed for mood and functioning benefits. Scientific significance This review synthesizes the psychosocial interventions that have been conducted in comorbid BD and SUDs while also providing a perspective on which intervention elements are helpful for addressing substance use versus mood symptoms in patients with these co-occurring conditions. (Am J Addict 2018;27:188-201).
Mariculture, Economic and Social Impacts

The economic and social impacts of mariculture are complex and interconnected. Each situation will present a different set of circumstances, each of which must be evaluated carefully. Economic impacts occur on both macro- and microlevels. Expansion of mariculture business will increase income from sales revenue, employment, tax revenue, foreign exchange (if exported), and economic growth and development. Economic effects multiply through the economy as dollars are spent multiple times. The backward linkages of mariculture through sales of feed, fingerlings, transportation services, and processing can be as significant as the farm-gate sales. Mariculture can be an important contributor to food security and provide important health and nutritional benefits. Mariculture presents potential for conflict over open-access resources. Negative social impacts can occur if the poor and landless lose access to coastal resources as mariculture grows.
A Brief History and Overview of Health Informatics

This first chapter provides a brief history of some, but certainly not all, of the key subdomains within the health informatics field and further explains the potential significance of the FHIR standard that will occupy much of the rest of the book. To do this, the chapter begins with a discussion of early electronic records and clinical decision support tools and then shifts gears to introduce the concept of health information exchange. Later, we discuss interoperability challenges that date back decades and the various ways that existing technologies have been used, sometimes with limited success, to simplify and coordinate the sharing of information among providers. The chapter ends with the premise that widespread adoption of modern web technologies (and FHIR in particular) is transforming health informatics. To help illustrate this the chapter ends with a demonstration FHIR app developed by a team of Georgia Tech students did using these emerging technologies to help predict the onset of a life threatening condition in ICU patients.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Minimally Adequate Depression Care Among Medicaid-Enrolled Youth

Objective To examine racial and ethnic disparities in the receipt of minimally adequate depression treatment in Medicaid-enrolled youth. Method Medicaid claims data of 2008 through 2011 were used to derive a cohort of youth (5–17 years old) who were diagnosed with a new episode of major depression (N = 45,816) across 9 states. Dichotomous outcomes measured the receipt of minimally adequate psychotherapy (≥4 psychotherapy visits within 12 weeks of initiation); minimally adequate medication (filled antidepressants for 84 of 144 days); any minimally adequate treatment (psychotherapy or medication); and no psychotherapy or medication. Racial/ethnic disparities in the outcome measures were estimated using logistic regression models that controlled for predisposing, enabling, and need-related factors. Results Less than four-tenths (38.3%) of the cohort received minimally adequate psychotherapy, 19.2% received minimally adequate pharmacotherapy, and 49.9% received any minimally adequate treatment; conversely, 16.4% received no treatment. Adjusted percentages of black (42.3%; p Conclusion The percentage of Medicaid-enrolled youth who receive minimally adequate treatment for depression is small overall and even smaller for racial/ethnic minorities than for whites. Future research is needed to identify strategies that improve the overall quality of depression treatment in Medicaid-enrolled youth and decrease disparities in care.
Low-Rank Structured Covariance Matrix Estimation

The covariance matrix estimation problem is posed in both the Bayesian and frequentist settings as the solution of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) or maximum likelihood (ML) optimization, respectively, when the true covariance consists of a known (or bounded) noise floor and a low-rank component. Persymmetric structure may also be assumed. The MAP and ML solutions with the non-convex rank constraint are shown to be a simple scalar thresholding of eigenvalues of a suitably translated and projected sample covariance matrix. No iterative optimization is required; therefore, the computation is suited to real-time applications. Our proof is short and elementary without resorting to the duality theory. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the improved estimation performance obtained by incorporating the structural constraints on the unknown covariance.
A review on subsea process and valve technology

The world’s energy consumption continues to increase steadily. Fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) still comprise more than approximately 85% of the world’s energy consumption. Offshore oil field development and operation began by using platforms and ships, but oil producers and operators are looking for new and innovative ways to reduce production costs and improve recovery and production rates from reservoirs. As a result, subsea production solutions are becoming more popular. A subsea production system consists of subsea completed well(s), seabed wellhead(s), production tree(s), subsea tie-ins to flow line systems, and subsea equipment and control facilities to operate the well(s). The wellhead consists of the pressure-containing components at the surface of an oil and gas well that provide the interface for drilling, completion, and testing of the well, in addition to production equipment. Subsea manifolds are used to simplify the subsea system, minimizing the usage of subsea pipeline and risers while optimizing the fluid flow. Subsea valves, which are mainly ball or through conduit gate valves, are located on the trees and wellheads and designed based on API and ISO standards. They are made in exotic corrosion-resistant alloys to avoid different types of corrosion such as hydrogen-induced stress cracking, and should withstand high-pressure classes. These valves can be manual or actuator-operated with or without the help of a remote-operated vehicle. The subsea industry is shifting from hydraulic-type to electrical-type actuators for important reasons including reduced costs and faster operation. Newly designed subsea valves should pass strict qualification tests such as hyperbaric tests, endurance tests, and pressure and temperature cycle tests.
In-situ monitoring of seeded and unseeded stage III corrosion using Raman spectroscopy

Stage III glass dissolution, the occasionally observed tendency for accelerated aqueous corrosion after extensive time spent at low reaction rates, is a major area of technical uncertainty in long-term glass performance modeling for vitreous nuclear waste forms. Stage III dissolution behavior is thought to be caused by the precipitation of zeolite phases that lower the activity of the rate-controlling orthosilicic acid ion and cause the acceleration of glass dissolution. The uncertainty lies mainly in a poor understanding of the growth kinetics of these key crystalline phases. It is particularly important to understand the impact of temperature and pH conditions on Stage III behavior. Accurate analysis of this phenomenon is complicated by the typically very long (e.g., years), and variable length of the induction period preceding the onset of Stage III behavior. In this study of a high-sodium aluminoborosilicate glass, we demonstrate the ability to initiate the onset of Stage III behavior in a controllable fashion so as to both reduce the time delay of the incubation period, and to also be able to initiate Stage III dissolution in controlled conditions. In this case, we demonstrate that Stage III glass corrosion behavior is possible at 70 °C, a lower temperature than previously observed (90 °C), even in an unseeded experiment. We confirm, through a comparison study, that seeded and unseeded Stage III corrosion rates are equivalent. This enables wide-scale testing of Stage III corrosion rates for many glass compositions in relatively short times through this technique. We also report further development of the use of in situ Raman spectroscopy monitoring of boron concentration and pH through simple and chemometric analysis methods.
Tillage, not fertilization, dominantly influences ammonia-oxidizing archaea diversity in long-term, continuous maize

Abstract Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) catalyze a rate-limiting step in nitrification - ammonia (NH3) oxidation. There are more AOA than ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) in many soil systems, including cropland, and AOA dominate in unfavorable environmental conditions, such as soils with low NH4-N. The ecological role of the ubiquitously distributed AOA is unclear, as are the factors regulating AOA community dynamics. This study investigated how long-term N fertilization and tillage management influenced the AOA community in cropland. The study site was a long-term (>40 years) field experiment with either no-tillage (NT) or plow tillage (PT) at three N fertilizer rates (0, 168, and 336 kg ha−1) and continuous maize (Zea mays L.). We used PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) to assess the archaeal amoA gene as a measure of the changing AOA community. Tillage rather than N fertilizer played the dominant role affecting the AOA community. Fertilizer rate did not significantly influence AOA diversity, but sample season and N fertilization had selection function on AOA composition. In winter, AOA were more diverse in NT than PT. Unique groups were discovered in different treatments, demonstrating selection by tillage, fertilization, season, and/or their interactions. The significant tillage regulation of AOA provides new clues to investigate which environmental factors influence the AOA community and to explore its ecological significance in agricultural land.
Mobile application security: Role of perceived privacy as the predictor of security perceptions

Abstract Despite mobile applications being at the frontier of mobile computation technologies, security issues pose a threat to their adoption and diffusion. Recent studies suggest that security violations could be mitigated through improved security behaviors and attitudes, not just through better technologies. Existing literature on behavioral security suggests that one of the main predictors of users’ perceptions of security is their perceived privacy concerns. Using communication privacy management theory (CPM), this study examines the effects of privacy-related perceptions, such as privacy risk and the effectiveness of privacy policies, on the security perceptions of mobile app users. To empirically test the proposed theoretical model, two survey studies were conducted using mobile apps requesting less sensitive information (n = 487) and more sensitive information (n = 559). The findings show that the perceived privacy risk negatively influences the perceived security of the mobile apps; the perceived effectiveness of a privacy policy positively influences user perceptions of mobile app security; and perceived privacy awareness moderates the effect of perceived privacy risk on the perceived security of mobile apps. The results also suggest that users have different privacy-security perceptions based on the information sensitivity of the mobile apps. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Response of sweetpotato to diquat applied pretransplanting

Field trials were conducted in North Carolina in 2017 and Louisiana and Mississippi in 2018 to determine the effect of pretransplanting applications of diquat on sweetpotato crop tolerance, yield, and storage root quality. In North Carolina treatments consisted of two rates of diquat (560 or 1,120 g ai ha−1) alone or mixed with 107 g ai ha−1 flumioxazin and applied 1 d before transplanting (DBP), sequential applications of diquat (560 or 1,120 g ha−1) 1 and 17 DBP, 107 g ha−1 flumioxazin alone, and a nontreated check. In Louisiana and Mississippi treatments consisted of diquat (560 or 1,120 g ha−1) applied 1 DBP either alone or followed by (fb) rehipping rows or 107 g ha−1 flumioxazin immediately prior to transplanting. Additional treatments included 546 g ha−1 paraquat applied 1 DBP and a nontreated check. In North Carolina injury was ≤3% for all treatments through 23 d after transplanting (DAP), and no injury was observed after 23 DAP. Visual sweetpotato stunting pooled across the Mississippi and Louisiana trials ranged from 1% to 14%, 0% to 6%, and 0% to 3% at 2, 4, and 6 wk after planting (WAP), respectively, and no crop injury was observed after 6 WAP. Diquat applied 1 DBP and not fb rehipping resulted in greater crop injury (12%) than comparable treatments that were rehipped (2%). In North Carolina single and sequential diquat applications resulted in reduced No. 1 sweetpotato yield (24,230 and 24,280 kg ha−1, respectively) compared with the nontreated check, but No. 1 yield when diquat plus flumioxazin (26,330 kg ha−1) was used was similar to that of the nontreated check. No. 1 yield did not differ by treatment in Louisiana and Mississippi.
Women's Perceptions of Public Restrooms and the Relationships with Toileting Behaviors and Bladder Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study

Purpose:Because current knowledge about public restroom use and bladder health is limited, we sought to identify why women avoid public restrooms and the associations of lower urinary tract symptom...
Analytical and numerical study of near-field ignition of H2/air by injection of hot gas

Abstract Ignition initiation by a turbulent hot jet involves complex transport and chemical processes with disparate and sensitive time scales. Its understanding is important for improved ignition in advanced and novel combustion engines and in ignition avoidance for explosion safety measures. This study is aimed at the modeling of turbulent hot jet ignition of stoichiometric hydrogen-air mixture with fast chemistry and short chemical time scales relative to the large-scale mixing time scales. The evolution of jet mixture fraction in the near-field shear layer of a suddenly-starting turbulent jet is analytically modeled and calibrated by large-eddy simulation of the reacting fluid. When integrated with a correlation for instantaneous chemical induction time, the model estimates the radial location and the timing of ignition as the jet travels in the streamwise direction. The estimation includes accounting for the role of the scalar dissipation rate in the suppression of ignition. The radial location of ignition migrates towards the jet centerline with time, migrating faster for higher injection temperatures and much slower for leaner ambient fuel-air ratios. The limitations of the present model are investigated by assessing the regions of mixing layer where strong diffusive transport collocates with the high production rate of active radicals. To complete the perspective into analytic modeling of transient jet ignition, other limitations associated with turbulent fluctuations and jet composition are discussed, as well as the role of near-field ignition relative to ignition at the jet tip or head vortex ring.
School District Responses to Cultural and Linguistic Change: Competing Discourses of Equity, Competition, and Community

Framed by theories and methods from critical discourse analysis and social semiotics, this comparative case study of six Missouri school systems asked: How do school districts represent and address...
Factors which influence adult African Americans' asthma self-management

This dissertation has also been disseminated through Georgia State Scholarworks: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.bing.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1043&context=nursing_diss. The author still retains copyright.
Regional variation in discussion of opioids on social media.

New data sources and analysis methods are urgently needed to improve opioid surveillance and prevent potential overdose. Social media data is one potential data source that might be used and integr...
Furthering the One Health Mission:: Template for Establishing Student-Run One Health Groups on College Campuses.

Introduction Although it has been well-established that animal health and environmental health impact human health, there is a lack of inclusion of One Health in the education of medical and undergraduate students1. Most students, in fact, are not aware of the One Health initiative. Rationale Due to the fundamental lack of One Health knowledge across all involved disciplines but particularly healthcare fields, educating students at the institutional level is desirable to provide early exposure. Education should influence more integrated practice for future citizens, including those in the health professions. Methods: A framework for commencing a successful One Health student club is outlined, with steps that include distinguishing the club, writing a Constitution, advertising to students, holding elections, formally establishing the University recognized club and expanding its presence on campus. Results: An undergraduate student One Health group at Rutgers University was established, and another one is currently being established at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School. Despite the fact that One Health is an established, global initiative, there was a great deal of education necessary to alert students as to what One Health is. Although there also were multiple operational issues that had to be addressed, once commenced at the undergraduate level, it has been a very successful campus initiative. Discussion: From the experience at Rutgers University, One Health student groups can be established that further the message of One Health. Public health implications: Having a One Health presence at educational institutions via student groups will raise awareness of One Health principles, especially as they relate to public health.
Overexpression Prox1 in HemECs resembles Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma and cytotoxicity of sirolimus in vitro.

Abstract Background Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) is a rare vascular tumor that occurs in children. Prox1 is a specific lymphatic marker for KHE. We intended to establish a Prox1 transgenic cell line resembling KHE and investigate the mechanism of sirolimus in treating KHE. Methods Prox1 was stably expressed in infantile hemangioma cell HemECs. RT-qPCR and Western blot were conducted to measure the expression of target genes. CCK-8, EdU assay, and cell cycle analysis were conducted to detect cell proliferation. Wound healing and transwell assay were used to evaluate cell migration and invasion. Results Both mRNA and protein levels of Prox1, LYVE-1, Podoplanin were upregulated in Prox1+ HemECs. An acceleration of cell growth and a rise in migration and invasion were observed with Prox1 overexpression. Sirolimus inhibited cell proliferation, promoted apoptosis and led to G1 phase arrest in Prox1+ HemECs. The expression of p-mTOR, p-4EBP1, and p-P70S6K decreased and the ratio of LC-3 II/LC-3 I elevated after treatment of sirolimus. Conclusions Stable overexpression of Prox1 in HemECs induced a lymphatic endothelial reprogramming, and enhanced aggressive biological effects, partly resembled the invasion of KHE, and could serve as a novel model for KHE. Sirolimus may block mTOR-mediated pathways and induced autophagy in KHE.
Pre-Service Educators Developing a Digital Identity

This article discusses a study on preservice education students and the implementation of digital identities through self-constructed websites in a technology course. Researchers investigated the process of helping educators create a create a domain of their own while they consider the role of technology and digital identities in their future classrooms. Data revealed themes that focused around building the website and building a digital identity. The researchers contend that there is a continuum of three stages that exist for students to engage in web literate practices. These stages include being consumers, curators, and creators of digital content. These stages are not meant to be viewed as a linear process, but as an opportunity to review instructional practices, and literacy strategies in learning environments.
Challenges in training DNNs for classification of radar micro-Doppler signatures

A variety of approaches for addressing the challenges involved in training DNNs for the classification of radar micro-Doppler signatures have been presented in this chapter. The performance metrics shown throughout the chapter reveal the impact of DNN training on the accuracy and target generalization performance of the network. Although high accuracies have been attained for the classification of as much as 12 different activity classes, open areas of research remain in regards to exploitation of radar datasets of opportunity and the generation of kinematically accurate, yet diverse, synthetic data. In this regard, adversarial learning provides opportunities, but ultimately both the training strategies and network architecture for training data synthesis must be designed uniquely for radar datasets. Training approaches must consider not only accurate modeling of target and clutter signatures but also must exploit constraints imposed by the physics of electromagnetic sensing to reduce complexity and increase performance. Advances in this area have the potential to greatly expand the application of RF sensors toward human motion recognition in both civilian and military applications.
Instrumentalism: A Tool of Governance to Limit the Employment Losses of Outsourcing

Abstract Globalization produced a magnitude of trade imbalances that are further exacerbated by the outsourcing made possible by the information technology revolution. It has subjected an increasing number of workers to involuntary unemployment and its consequent income loss. Viewed historically, a proposal for an employment policy linked to tax incentives for business firms to create jobs is a modern day prototype of the incomes policy proposals that post Keynesians offered to protect employment against “tight” money policy some thirty five years ago. It is thus an employment policy that is compatible, in principle, with the free trade policies to which members of the WTO are committed.
Galactose 1-Phosphate Uridylyltransferase ISOLATION OF A URIDYLYL-ENZYME INTERMEDIATE

When Escherichia coli galactose-1-P uridylyltransferase is permitted to react with [uracil-5,6-3H]UDP-glucose for a short time and is then reisolated by gel filtration, the protein contains a substantial amount of radioactivity. The tritiated protein appears to be a uridylyl-enzyme intermediate as indicated by the following. (a) When [uracil5,6-3H]UDP-glucose is replaced by UDP-[U-14C]glucose, no radioactivity can be detected in the protein. (b) When [uracil-5,6-3H]UDP-glucose is supplemented with an equal concentration of glucose-1-P the amount of radioactivity in the protein is substantially decreased. (c) When the tritiated enzyme reacts with galactose-1-P all of the radioactivity is removed. The isolation of two half-reactions suggests that the uridylyl-enzyme is a component of a double displacement pathway. In further substantiation of this, the enzyme catalyzes both the exchange of uridylyl moieties between UDP-glucose and UDP-galactose in the absence of added hexose-1-P and the exchange of 14C between UDP-[U-14C]-glucose and glucose-1-P in the absence of added galactose-1-P. In all these respects the pathway contrasts sharply with that reported for the metabolically and chemically related UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase reaction.
Interactions between cystathionase and aspartate aminotransferase.

The interaction of cystathionase with the apoprotein of the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase induces, concomitant with inhibition of cystathionase activity, an increase in aminotransferase activity. The interaction between both proteins brings about a change in the amplitude of the circular dichroic band corresponding to pyridoxal-5-P bound to the active center of cystathionase. These spectral changes, taken together with the results of enzymatic assays, clearly establish the transfer as occurring from cystathionase to the catalytic site of aspartate aminotransferase. Light-scattering measurements indicate that the enzyme cystathionase interacts with the apotransaminase to form large molecular weight aggregates.
Modeling Hydrodynamics and Ozone Residual Distribution in a Pilot-Scale Ozone Bubble-Diffuser Contactor

Mixing conditions inside a pilot-scale ozone bubble-diffuser contactor and the effect of mixing on ozone residual concentrations were investigated. The 17-ft-high, 6-in.-diameter contactor was operated with both countercurrent and cocurrent water and gas flows. When the contactor was operated in the cocurrent mode, it was packed with 1-in. plastic saddles. Tracer and ozonation tests showed that mixing conditions in the contactor ranged from nearly plug-flow to well mixed. Dispersion increased as the gas flow rate increased and as the water flow rate decreased, with the latter dependency being stronger
A Comparison of the Quality of European, Japanese and U.S. Mission Statements:: A Content Analysis

This study assesses the quality of European, Japanese, and U.S. firms’ mission statements by comparing the content of firms’ statements to the recommendations in the academic literature. Three measures of “quality” were employed: (1) identification of specific stakeholder groups; (2) inclusion of specific components (industry, target customer, geographic scope, values, motivational messages, distinctive competence, future orientation, and financial objective); (3) achievement of four objectives: communicates direction, assists in control, guides decision making, and motivates employees. The study found that few firms included all stakeholder groups, most firms included about half of the recommended components, and most statements did not meet all of the recommended objectives. Overall, although regional differences were found, our results suggest that the statements fall short of meeting the quality criteria suggested in the academic literature.
Protein incorporation by isolated amphibian oocytes: IV. The role of follicle cells and calcium during protein uptake

Abstract When Xenopus oocytes are manually dissected from the ovary, they are generally invested by a layer of follicle cells. These cells frequently retract from and eventually slough off the surface of the oocyte, even though protein uptake by the oocyte continues at the same rate. Autoradiographs indicate that 3H-vitellogenin is incorporated at the surface of the oocyte regardless of the presence or absence of overlying follicle cells. Treatment of the oocyte with EDTA or Ca-free medium causes a rapid loss of both the follicle cells and ability of the oocyte to incorporate external protein. The two processes occur at different rates, however, and if treated oocytes are incubated in Ca-containing saline for a sufficient time, they partially recover their ability to incorporate protein. From these observations we have concluded that (1) follicle cells do not seem to play a role during protein incorporation by Xenopus oocytes in vitro; (2) the lack of external calcium inactivates the normal protein incorporation process at the oocyte surface; (3) normal function can be partially regenerated in Ca-containing media.
Ultraviolet B light-exposed human platelets mediate acute lung injury in a two-event mouse model of transfusion.

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet B (UVB) light has been used alone on platelet (PLT) transfusion products to prevent alloimmunization or with chemical sensitizers to reduce pathogens. Such processing can damage PLTs and potentiate their storage lesion. Transfusion-related acute lung injury (ALI) has occurred in patients whose underlying condition led to an inflamed endothelium and who were transfused with products that contained either HLA or HNA antibodies or biologic modifiers such as lipids or antigens from stored cells. Clinical trials of UV-treated PLTs in patients with thrombocytopenia generated controversy regarding association of these cells with respiratory distress. We evaluated whether UVB PLTs could mediate ALI in an animal model of ALI. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used a two-event animal model where the sensitizing event was lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the second event was infusion of human PLTs or UVB human PLTs (2.4 J/cm2). Infused human PLTs were followed with whole animal imaging, lung histology, confocal microscopy, lung water, and changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) related to ALI. RESULTS: In LPS-treated mice UVB human PLTs accumulated in the lungs and were associated with ALI manifested by increased protein and white blood cells (WBCs) in BALF. Untreated human PLTs did not accumulate in the lungs or increase BALF protein or WBC counts. CONCLUSIONS: We provide a proof of principle that UVB human PLTs can accumulate in lungs of LPS-primed animals and mediate ALI. PLTs exposed to high doses of UVB could potentially mediate similar effects in patients predisposed with sepsis or other causes of endothelial cell inflammation.
Molecular biology. Retrospective: Francis Crick (1916-2004).

In a retrospective, [Leslie Orgel][1] describes the life and contributions to science of his longtime friend and colleague, Francis Crick. [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/305/5687/1118
Racial Differences in Neighborhood Disadvantage Among Childbearing Women in New York City: 1991-1992

Abstract An ecological framework is utilized in this study to explore the differential neighborhood environments that existed for Black and White childbearing women in New York City during the early 1990s. We examined ecological risk factors for different racial groups in a highly segregated metropolitan city and provide a framework from which we can address issues of oppression and social inequality. This study examines neighborhood conditions and determines the extent to which Black and White women, who gave birth during 1991 and 1992, occupy differing neighborhoods in New York City and in each of the boroughs that comprise New York City-Manhattan, Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens (excluding Staten Island). High and persistent residential segregation of Blacks and Whites in NYC has put Black women at a clear and significant ecological disadvantage compared to White women regardless of the borough where they lived when they gave birth to their infant. This study found that, when compared to White women, Black...
Education and Economic Development: Evidence from China

Evidence from thirty Chinese provinces indicates that education is crucial for economic development. Provinces with the higher average years of schooling in the intial year have higher growth rates of real per capita GDP in the subsequent year. Provinces with higher literacy rates and higher average years of schooling in the initial year experienced a faster decline of the employment share of agriculture in the subsequent year than provinces with lower literacy rates and lower average years of schooling. Primary education seems insufficient for the labor force to move from the agricultural sector to the industrial sector.
Effects of Atypical Antipsychotics on Weight and Serum Lipid Levels

Psychiatrists have become particularly concerned about health issues in patients with schizophrenia because of emerging data that link some of the newer atypical antipsychotics with both significant weight gain and increases in serum triglyceride levels. Excessive weight gain during antipsychotic therapy has an adverse effect on health and medication compliance, while hyperlipidemia presents an additional cardiovascular risk factor in patients with schizophrenia who typically smoke, are inactive, and possess poor dietary habits. An understanding of appropriate monitoring for metabolic adverse effects is important for those who prescribe atypical antipsychotics, as is a working knowledge of behavioral and pharmacologic treatments for weight gain and hyperlipidemia.