cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A technique for quantitative description of aggression-produced social systems

We describe a technique for the quantitative description of social systems produced by aggressive interactions between individuals. The assumption underlying the technique is that individuals often employ one or both of two different strategies to gain access to resources. One strategy is to use an established relationship to claim resources wherever they are found (dominance); the other is to exclude competitors from resources in a specific area (territoriality). Our technique allows us to quantify the degree to which the behavioral dimension of each of these strategies is manifested by each individual and also by the whole set of interacting individuals. It will be possible to correlate the quantified social system variables generated by this approach with quantified ecological variables, such as population density and abundance of food, thus contributing to the development of a more rigorous behavioral ecology. We illustrate this method with quantitative descriptions of variation in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorbyn-cus mykiss) correlated with variation in population density and stream flow velocity.
Plain film identification of failure of interior vena caval‐right atrial continuity

The identification of absence of continuity of the inferior vena cava (IVC) with the right atrium assumes major importance at the time of right heart catheterization. The appearance of the IVC in the lateral chest radiogram is diagnostically different from the normal when discontinuity is present and 2 radiographic patterns have been recognized: 1) total absence of the IVC shadow; 2) straightened and posteriorly directed IVC shadow contrasting sharply with the anteriorly directed normally continuous IVC. This latter sign is considered reproducibly accurate in the identification of the IVC which fails to have continuity with the right atrium.
Müllerian inhibiting substance in reproduction and cancer.

During embryogenesis normal male phenotypic development requires the action of Mullerian Inhibiting Substance (MIS) which is secreted by Sertoli cells of the fetal testis. As testes differentiate in genetic (XY) males, they produce MIS which causes regression of the Mullerian ducts, the anlagen of the female reproductive tract. Soon thereafter, testicular androgens stimulate the Wolffian ducts. In females, on the other hand, MIS is not produced by grandulosa cells until after birth, before which, estrogens induce Mullerian duct development, while the Wolffian ducts passively atrophy in the absence of androgenic stimulation. High serum MIS levels in males are maintained until puberty, whereupon they fall to baseline levels. In females MIS is undetectable in serum until the peripubertal period when values approach the baseline levels of males. This distinct pattern of sexual and ontogenic expression presupposes and requires tight regulation. MIS may play a role in gonadal function and development. Our laboratory has shown that an important role for ovarian MIS is to inhibit oocyte meiosis, perhaps providing maximal oocyte maturation prior to selection for ovulation and subsequent fertilization. Furthermore, Vigier et al. (Development 100:43-55) have recently obtained evidence that MIS may influence testicular differentiation, coincident with inhibition of aromatase activity. Current structure-function studies demonstrate that MIS, like other growth regulators in its protein family, requires proteolytic cleavage to exhibit full biological activity. MIS can be inhibited by epidermal growth factor. This antagonism, which is common to all MIS functions so far investigated, is associated with inhibition of EGF receptor autophosphorylation. We have provided evidence that bovine MIS can inhibit female reproductive tract tumors arising in adults.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Structure of the M2 protein gene of sonchus yellow net virus.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the gene immediately following the nucleocapsid protein gene of sonchus yellow net virus (SYNV), a plant rhabdovirus, is presented. Serological reactions of SYNV proteins with antibodies elicited by a fusion protein constructed from the sequenced gene indicate that this gene encodes an SYNV structural protein designated M2. The 5′ end of the M2 protein mRNA appears to correspond to position 1700 relative to the 3′ end of SYNV RNA, because an extension product that maps to this position was synthesized by reverse transcription of polyadenylated [poly(A) + ] RNA from infected tobacco that had been primed with an SYNV-specific oligodeoxyribonucleotide. The 3′ end of the gene encoding the M2 protein is defined by a recombinant DNA plasmid derived from poly(A) + RNA from SYNV-infected plants. This plasmid contains an insert with a 3′-terminal region corresponding to a uridylate-rich sequence present at positions 2832 to 2836 on SYNV genomic (g) RNA. These data thus suggest that the M2 protein mRNA is 1132 nucleotides (NT) long, excluding the poly(A) tail, and consists of a 50-NT untranslated 5′ region, a 1035-NT open reading frame (ORF), and a 47-NT untranslated 3′ region. The ORF is capable of encoding a 345-amino acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 38,332. A small region of the M2 protein appears to have some similarity to the phosphoproteins of other rhabdoviruses. An identical 14-NT region occurs at the two sequenced gene junctions on SYNV gRNA and shares homology with regions separating the genes of some animal rhabdoviruses.
Predicting the strength of the ring current

The Dessler-Parker-Sckopke relationship states that the fractional depression in the magnetic field averaged over the surface of a non-conducting Earth is 23 of the ratio of the energy of the charged particles trapped in the Earth's magnetic field to the energy of that magnetic field above the surface of the Earth. When the interior conductivity of the Earth is included in the calculation, a moderate storm with a 100 nT depression corresponds to a ring current whose total energy is 2.8 × 1015J. Nevertheless deducing the ring current strength from ground magnetograms is not quite as simple as it would seem from the DPS relationship. The ring current is often not symmetric and the observing stations are not uniformly situated, nor are there enough of them. Accurate baselines are required and the strength of the quiet day ring current is unknown. Despite these uncertainties, disturbances in the Dst index can be predicted quite well when accurate measurements of the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field that strike the magnetosphere are available, by use of the formula of Burton et al. (1975). In this model the field on the surface of the Earth has two components: the magnetopause current flowing on the surface of the magnetopause and the ring current in the equatorial regions. The magnetopause current is taken to be proportional to the square root of the solar wind dynamic pressure. The ring current is energized by the solar wind east-west electric field and de-energized through an exponential decay of the energy into the upper atmosphere. This simple formula works quite well despite the fact that the solar wind input to the magnetosphere must be controlled by additional factors such as the dynamic pressure of the solar wind and the electrical conductivity of the ionosphere. Improvements are needed in order to increase the advance warning time for solar wind conditions reaching the Earth. To achieve such an improvement requires multipoint measurements near the Earth-sun line. These measurements should be both continuous and significantly closer to the Sun. Such measurements are technically feasible today and affordable using solar-sailing “sentinels” carrying a small payload consisting of a solar wind analyzer and magnetometer, and possibly energetic particles.
Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging analysis of the corticospinal tract in multiple sclerosis.

Abstract Background/purpose Muscle weakness is an important feature of multiple sclerosis and is responsible for much of the disability associated with that condition. Here, we describe the quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) attributes of the major intracerebral motor pathway – the corticospinal tract – in multiple sclerosis. To do so, we develop an intuitive method for creating and displaying spatially normalized tract-specific imaging data. Methods In 75 individuals with multiple sclerosis and 29 healthy controls, the corticospinal tracts were reconstructed from diffusion tensor imaging at 3 T. Multiple MRI indices – T2 relaxation time; fractional anisotropy; mean, longitudinal, and transverse diffusivity; and magnetization transfer ratio – were examined within the reconstructed tracts. Spatially normalized tract profiles were created to compare, across subjects, the variation in MRI index as a function of tract position. Results Each index’s tract profile had a characteristic shape. Individual subjects had markedly abnormal tract profiles, particularly at lesion sites. On average, tract profiles were different between patients and controls, particularly in the subcortical white matter and corona radiata, for all indices examined except for fractional anisotropy. Magnetization transfer ratio was further decreased in subjects with secondary progressive disease. Tract asymmetry was increased in multiple sclerosis compared to controls. Conclusion Multiparametric MRI allows rapid detection, localization, and characterization of tract-specific abnormalities in multiple sclerosis. Tract profiles bridge the gap between whole-brain imaging of neurological disease and the interrogation of individual, functionally relevant subsystems.
Comparison of 15 different stents in superficial femoral arteries by high resolution MRI ex vivo and in vivo.

Purpose To evaluate the MRI compatibility of 15 different commercially available, new generation, U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved stents suitable for deployment in superficial femoral arteries (SFAs), and to identify the ones that permit MRI to visualize the wall and lumen of stented arteries with sufficient spatial and contrast resolution to quantify restenosis after stent placement. Materials and Methods A total of 13 nitinol stents and two stainless-steel stents were placed in excised cadaveric SFAs and imaged by MRI at 1.5 T ex vivo. The images were evaluated qualitatively for the presence of artifacts and for the effects of the stent on image contrast, and quantitatively for the effect on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the lumen of the artery inside the stent compared to the SNR of the fluid outside the artery. A nitinol stent was placed in the SFA of a 60-year-old man and imaged at 1.5 T in vivo. Results Both the vessel wall and the lumen could be visualized in cadaveric SFAs containing either the Absolute nitinol stent, the Dynalink nitinol stent, or the aSpire nitinol-covered stent. Their inside stent/outside stent SNR was 0.7, 0.8, and 0.8, respectively. The other 10 nitinol stents tested obscured the lumen but did not cause major image shape artifacts. Both stainless-steel stents tested, the WallGraft and WallStent, completely obscured the lumen and caused significant distortion of the image shapes. When the Dynalink stent was inserted into a highly stenosed SFA in vivo, the image showed a dark expanded eccentric lumen, circumscribed by a medium intensity band containing the stent. Conclusion MRI can be used to visualize both the lumen and wall of SFAs containing selected nitinol stents ex vivo and in vivo. These results suggest that MRI can be used to monitor restenosis in stents placed in the femoral arterial bed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005;22:125–135. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Monte Carlo test of Slutsky symmetry

Abstract This paper demonstrates how Barnard's (1963) Monte Carlo test procedure can be applied to Slutsky symmetry in demand systems.
Inhibition of lordosis in female hamsters and rats by 8-OH-DPAT treatment.

Abstract In the present experiments, the ability of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, to inhibit lordosis was determined in ovariectomized hamsters and rats under various hormonal conditions. Systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg) significantly inhibited lordosis duration in ovariectomized hamsters treated on 3 consecutive wk with estradiol benzoate (3 or 10 μg) and progesterone (500 μg). Similarly, systemic administration of 8-OH-DPAT (0.25 mg/kg) significantly inhibited lordosis frequency in ovariectomized rats treated on 3 consecutive wk with estradiol benzoate (0.25, 0.5, or 25 μg for 3 days) and progesterone (500 μg), although females treated with the higher doses of estrogen were slightly less inhibited on the second and third wk of testing. Results indicate that the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, effectively inhibited lordosis in female hamsters, as well as female rats, under varied hormonal conditions.
The presence of sn-1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylinositol monophosphate correlates positively with the fusion-permissive state of the plasma membrane of fusogenic carrot cells grown in suspension culture

Two analogues of lysophosphatidylinositol monophosphate (LPIP) occur in fusogenic carrot cells and protoplasts and are distinguished from each other on thin-layer plates by differing R t values. The lower R f LPIP comigrates with sn -1-palmitoyl LPIP (16:0 LPIP) synthesized from sn -1-palmitoyl lysophosphatidylinositol. The upper R f LPIP is presumed to be sn -2-linoleoyl LPIP (18:2 LPIP) based on fatty acid analysis of phosphatidylinositol monophosphate (PIP) and comigration with the upper R f product resulting from the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of PIP. The 18:2 analogue is only a minor component of the LPIP recovered from the fusogenic cells and protoplasts, but it is the predominant form of LPIP in nonfusogenic cells and protoplasts. LPIP is found primarily in the plasma membranes of these cells representing from 10 to 20% of the total [ 3 H]inositol-labeled lipid recovered from isolated plasma membrane. Even though the fusogenic cells lose some of the LPIP as a result of cell wall digestion, if 2% or more of the total protoplast inositol lipid is LPIP, the protoplasts fuse spontaneously with a fusion frequency of greater than 60%. As the fusogenic protoplasts lose their fusion potential, they also lose the relative amount of 16:0 LPIP. Inhibiting the in vivo metabolism of phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP 2 ) and PIP in cells and protoplasts with the aminoglycoside, neomycin, does not inhibit fusion. These data indicate that the presence and metabolism of 16:0 LPIP but not the polyphosphoinositides, PIP and PIP 2 , correlate positively with protoplast fusion.
Petrology and paleogeographic significance of Tertiary nannoplankton-foraminiferal limeston, Guam

Abstract The tertiary stratigraphic column on the island of Guam, in the Mariana Island Arc of the western Pacific, is composed largely of volcanic rocks and limestones of shallow-water reef and bank facies. Small amounts of fine-grained limestones, of Eocene, Oligocene and Miocene age, occur interbedded with the volcanic rocks and reef limestones, and consist chiefly of planktonic foraminiferal tests embedded in a matrix of calcareous nannofossils. Although compositionally these pelagic carbonates are nearly identical to nannoplankton-foraminiferal oozes of the deep-sea floor, their deposition probably occurred at comparatively shallow depths — from a few hundred to perhaps 1000–2000 meters rather than several kilometers. The most favorable paleogeographic settings for pelagic deposition of this kind were probably intra-arc basins and shelf areas within the paleo-Mariana Island Arc during periods of volcanic inactivity. The spatial association of these pelagic limestones with shallow-water reef complexes, or with beds of redeposited, reef-derived coarse skeletal material, may serve to differentiate them from their deep-sea counterparts.
Seed characteristics and susceptibility to pathogen attack in tree seeds of the Peruvian Amazon

Many studies now suggest that pathogens can cause high levels of mortality in seeds and seedlings. Recruitment from seed to sapling is an important bottleneck for many tree species, and if specialist or generalist pathogens have differential negative effects among species of juvenile trees, then they may have a significant impact on forest community structure. To explore the effects of differential pathogen attack among tropical tree species, we quantified pathogen attack on the seeds of 16 tree species from the southeastern Peruvian Amazon and asked which seed characteristics, including size, hardness, germination time and mode, shade tolerance, and fruit type, were most closely correlated with susceptibility to pathogens. Shade tolerance and seed weight were positively and significantly correlated with susceptibility to pathogen attack by ecological trait regressions (ETRs), and correspondence analysis indicated that there might be increased attack rates in species with brightly colored, pulpy fruits (often dispersed by primates). Only shade tolerance was significantly correlated with pathogen attack when the analyses accounted for phylogenetic relatedness between species. Thus, contrary to standard predictions of size-defense ratios, our results suggest that larger, shade-tolerant seeds tend to be more susceptible to pathogen attack than smaller, light-dependent seeds. Moreover, differential pathogen attack may shape seed community composition, which may affect the successful recruitment of adults.
A parametric study of scramjet combustors for Mach 8 to Mach 20 flight

Performance trends for a combustor with ramp and slot fuel injectors are investigated through a three-dimensional parametric study at flight Mach numbers of 8, 10, 12, 16, and 20. Focus is placed on the mixing (combustion) efficiency, combustor loads, and thrust over the Mach number range. It is observed that the mixing efficiency decreases by 0.2 when a flight Mach number is increased from 8 to 12 but changes little for higher Mach numbers; the lower mixing is attributed more to a large decrease in the fuel-to-air velocity ratio and residence time over the Mach number range than to compressibility. It is pointed out that the ramp generates a shock impinging on the cowl, while a combined ramp and slot injection produces better mixing, both because of the action of this shock on the slot fuel and because of better fuel distribution in the duct.
(±)‐trans‐2‐Benzoylcyclohexanecarboxylic Acid. Structure and Hydrogen‐Bonding Pattern of a γ‐Keto Acid

In the title compound, C 14 H 16 O 3 , enantiomeric pairs of molecules form dimers by mutual hydrogen bonding of carboxyl groups, with the ketone group not involved in the hydrogen bonding. The components of the dimer differ in conformation, so that the dimer is the asymmetric unit.
Verbal Subgroups and Subalgebras in Skew Fields

Let D be an arbitrary skew field and K a central subfield of D. We prove that D can be embedded in a skew field Δ such that w(Δ)=Δ for every nonempty Lie word w on a set of variables y1,y2,. . . with coefficients in K; moreover, we have for the multiplicative group Δ* that v(Δ*)=Δ* for every nonempty word \(v=x_{1}^{\varepsilon_{1}}x_{2}^{\varepsilon_{2}}\ldots x_{n}^{\varepsilon_{n}}\) (ɛi=±1; i=1,2,. . .,n).
Effects of temperature and ration level on the growth and food conversion efficiency of Salmo gairdneri, Richardson

The effects of temperature and ration size on the growth rate and gross efficiency of food conversion of juvenile rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were evaluated during 25-day seasonal experiments. Rations ranged from near-starvation to repletion levels. Test temperatures were 3 and 6°C higher than the controls which fluctuated dielly and seasonally. At rations near maintenance, elevated temperatures decreased trout growth. As the feeding rate increased the detrimental effect of temperature on growth was ameliorated. At repletion feeding levels, elevated temperature up to 17°C improved trout growth by increasing the maximum food consumption rate. With a temperature increase from 6.9 to 22.5°C maintenance rations increased from 2.2 to 7.5 % body weight per day. Gross efficiency was dependent upon ration level and temperature. As the food consumption rate increased, efficiency increased to a maximum, then generally declined at repletion levels. Elevated temperatures resulted in reduced efficiencies at low consumption rates but temperatures had little effect at high ration levels. A field study provided estimates of the food consumption relationships established in the laboratory, suggested any substantial increase of stream temperature without a concomitant increase of food abundance would result in decreased trout production.
Health care lobbying in the United States

Abstract Purpose To assess the relative political influence of different organizations, we examined the efforts of health care organizations to influence policy decisions by lobbying lawmakers. Methods We reviewed reports filed by lobbyists from 1997 to 2000, as required by the Lobbying Disclosure Act, to characterize health care lobbying at the federal level in the United States. Results Health care lobbying expenditures totaled $237 million in 2000. These expenditures accounted for 15% of all federal lobbying and were larger than the lobbying expenditures of every other sector, including agriculture, communications, and defense. A total of 1192 organizations were involved in health care lobbying. Pharmaceutical and health product companies spent the most ($96 million), followed by physicians and other health professionals ($46 million). Disease advocacy and public health organizations spent $12 million. From 1997 to 2000, lobbying expenditures by physicians and other health professionals grew more slowly than lobbying by other organizations (10% vs. 26%). Conclusion Although policy decisions are influenced by many factors, our findings may indicate a limited political influence of disease advocacy and public health organizations and a declining political influence of physicians and other health professionals.
Perceptual Responses to Deep Water Running and Treadmill Exercise

Perceived exertion during deep water running and treadmill exercise was measured to examine gender and mode specific responses. Deep water running to VO2 peak was performed in 3-min. stages at leg speeds controlled by a metronome. Treadmill exercise was performed at matched leg speeds. VO2 and heart rate were continuously monitored by open circuit spirometry and radiotelemetry. Perceived exertion was measured using Borg's 6-20 point scale. Statistical analyses were performed using multiple linear regression with dummy coded discrete variables. Ratings of perceived exertion were significantly higher during deep water running when exercising at equal leg speeds. Mean rated perceived exertion at each stage of the test for either exercise mode was not significantly different between men and women.
Abnormal Cardiac Na+ Channel Properties and QT Heart Rate Adaptation in Neonatal AnkyrinB Knockout Mice

The cytoskeleton of the cardiomyocyte has been shown to modulate ion channel function. Cytoskeletal disruption in vitro alters Na(+) channel kinetics, producing a late Na(+) current that can prolong repolarization. This study describes the properties of the cardiac Na(+) channel and cardiac repolarization in neonatal mice lacking ankyrin(B), a cytoskeletal "adaptor" protein. Using whole-cell voltage clamp techniques, I(Na) density was lower in ankyrin(B)(-/-) ventricular myocytes than in wild-type (WT) myocytes (-307+/-26 versus -444+/-39 pA/pF, P<0.01). Ankyrin(B)(-/-) myocytes exhibited a hyperpolarizing shift in activation and inactivation kinetics compared with WT. Slower recovery from inactivation contributed to the negative shift in steady-state inactivation in ankyrin(B)(-/-). Single Na(+) channel mean open time was longer in ankyrin(B)(-/-) versus WT at test potentials (V(t)) of -40 mV (1.0+/-0.1 versus 0. 61+/-0.04 ms, P<0.05) and -50 mV (0.8+/-0.1 versus 0.39+/-0.05 ms, P<0.05). Ankyrin(B)(-/-) exhibited late single-channel openings at V(t) -40 and -50 mV, which were not seen in WT. Late I(Na) contributed to longer action potential durations measured at 90% repolarization (APD(90)) at 1 Hz stimulation in ankyrin(B)(-/-) compared with WT (354+/-26 versus 274+/-22 ms, P<0.05). From ECG recordings of neonatal mice, heart rates were slower in ankyrin(B)(-/-) than in WT (380+/-14 versus 434+/-13 bpm, P<0.01). Although the QT interval was similar in ankyrin(B)(-/-) and WT at physiological heart rates, QT-interval prolongation in response to heart rate deceleration was greater in ankyrin(B)(-/-). In conclusion, Na(+) channels in ankyrin(B)(-/-) display reduced I(Na) density and abnormal kinetics at the whole-cell and single-channel level that contribute to prolonged APD(90) and abnormal QT-rate adaptation.
Modelling climatic response to orbital parameter variations

ACCORDING to the astronomical or Milankovitch theory, the glacial fluctuations of the Pleistocene are the climatic response to secular variations in the obliquity, eccentricity, and longitude of perihelion of the Earth's orbit. Variations in these orbital parameters during the past several hundred thousand years can be computed with great precision1, and the resulting changes in incident radiation at the top of the atmosphere are easily obtained. If one can predict the climatic response to perturbations in incident radiation, one can, therefore, test the Milankovitch theory by comparing the predicted climatic changes with those inferred from the geological record. No other theory of the ice ages admits such a straightforward check on its validity. We have made a preliminary attempt at verifying the Milankovitch theory using a zonally symmetric energy-balance climate model forced with seasonally varying insolation and obtain generally favourable results.
A novel double-helical-chain coordination polymer constructed from 2,2′-biphenyldicarboxylate-linked binuclear-copper motif

Abstract The first 1-D double-helical-chain coordination polymer, [(H2O)Cu(BPDC)] (2,2′-biphenyldicarboxylate), based upon the binuclear square pyramidal copper(II)-pair motifs has been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. [(H2O)Cu(BPDC)] crystallized in orthorhombic crystal system, space group Cmca with unit cell dimensions a=21.073(6) A, b=7.118(2) A and c=17.670(5) A, Z=8.
Response class: A Guttman scale analysis

This study addressed the problem of response class as it relates to coercive child behavior. Guttman scale analyses were used to determine if there were regular, unidimensional progressions across eight coercive response categories; that children who performed high probability coercive behaviors would also tend to perform all of the lower probability coercive behaviors. Rank-order correlations were done to determine if there was consistency in the response class across settings. Two samples of boys were observed in two school settings, classroom and playground. One sample was a derivation sample of 26 boys, the second a replication sample of 27 boys. Reproducibility coefficients for the derivation sample were .92 for the classroom Guttman scale analysis and .93 for the playground analysis. For the crossvalidation sample the reproducibility coefficients were .94 in both settings. Rankorder correlations across settings and done in terms of the number of subjects performing each of the coercive responses were .971 (df=6,p<.001) for the derivation sample and .996 df=6,p<.001) for the crossvalidation sample. It was concluded that the eight coercive responses observed appeared to constitute a response class, i.e., the ordering of the responses was transitive across subjects, and that the coercive response hierarchy was stable across school settings for groups of children.
Distribution of O6-methylguanine in rat DNA following pretreatment in vivo with methylnitrosourea.

Summary Methylation of guanine at its O 6 position occurred in both the unique and the repetitive DNA sequences in several rat organs following an in vivo pretreatment with the carcinogen N -methyl- N -nitrosourea. Little or no difference was found in the distribution of O 6 -methylguanine between the 2 DNA fractions.
Physiological regulation, xenobiotic induction, and heterologous expression of P450 monooxygenase gene pc-3 (CYP63A3), a new member of the CYP63 gene cluster in the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium.

In order to characterize the functional diversity in CYP63 cluster of tandemly linked P450 genes (pc-1, pc-2, and pc-3) in Phanerochaete chrysosporium, here we report the functional characterization of pc-3 (CYP63A3), a newly cloned member of this group. pc-3 expression was favored in nutrient-limited versus nutrient-rich media in 3–6-day-old cultures and was upregulated by starch as a carbon source or by oxygenation of cultures. pc-3 was induced by various xenobiotics in defined nutrient-limited (3–9-fold) and nutrient-rich (2–5-fold) cultures. Particularly, a range of unsubstituted and substituted aliphatic hydrocarbons (alkanes and fatty acids) induced the expression under the two nutrient conditions albeit in a differential manner. Interestingly, pc-3 was also inducible by certain oxygenated mono aromatics (nitrophenol, benzoate, and resorcinol), lower molecular weight (2 to 4 ring size) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and alkali-treated lignin derivatives in nutrient-rich malt extract cultures. The study further establishes that the three CYP63 genes (CYP63A1, A2, and A3) are independently regulated despite being members of the tandem gene cluster with high gene structural similarity (13–14 introns) and protein sequence homology (59–85%). The pc-3 cDNA (1,812 bp) was expressed in E. coli as a His-tagged protein (∼ 74 kDa). This constitutes the first report on heterologous expression of a P450 monooxygenase enzyme from this model white-rot fungus.
On the Internet routing protocol Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol: is it optimal?

Cisco's proprietary routing protocol, EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) is one of the two most widely employed routing protocols in the Internet. The underlying algorithm is reputed to be optimal with respect to the EIGRP metric. We construct a counterexample to illustrate that it is not optimal. We implemented the test network from the counterexample in our Networking Lab and it was confirmed that the Cisco routers did not find optimal routes. We suggest ways in which the EIGRP algorithm can be improved. These suggestions would also improve the operation of the Diffusing Updating Algorithm, the portion of EIGRP used to recover from link/node failures.
What Is the Role of Somatic Mutation in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

A 50% dosage reduction of gene product, known as haploinsufficiency, as found in heterozygotes with an inactivating mutation, is not usually associated with a detectable physiologic effect. Consequently, either loci associated with dominant disease are those rare ones that are sensitive to haploinsufficiency, or an additional mechanism plays a role to enhance the effect of the single mutant allele. In the case of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), adult-onset disease is characterized by focal cyst development and expansion as a result of heterozygous mutation in PKD1 or PKD2 . In mice, homozygous inactivating mutations to either Pkd1 or Pkd2 results in embryonic lethality with the development of renal and pancreatic cysts from embryonic day 13.5.1,2 Humans with two fully penetrant mutations are also thought to have a nonviable phenotype. The wide range of human mutations causing ADPKD, approximately 70% of which are clearly inactivating, and the lack of clear genotype–phenotype correlations suggest that a dominant negative mechanism, whereby the mutant product adversely affects the function of the normal ADPKD allele product, is unlikely to be important in the human disease.3 Rather, a widely accepted view is that ADPKD is recessive at the cellular level and that cysts develop clonally from a tubular cell only once the cell has acquired a second, somatic mutation to inactivate the remaining normal allele. There are considerable data to support this two-hit hypothesis for cystogenesis in ADPKD. This includes the demonstration of deletion (loss of heterozygosity) or inactivating point mutations to the remaining normal PKD1 or PKD2 allele in epithelial cyst linings isolated from single cysts, in either the kidney or the liver.4–8 In addition, there is evidence for the clonality of cysts.7 Further data come from a Pkd2 mouse model ( Pkd2 WS25) that is prone …
Control of fatty acid distribution in phosphatidylcholine of spinach leaves

The acylation of lysophosphatidylcholine by enzyme preparations from spinach leaves was studied. The acylation reaction was followed by the incorporation of 14C- labeled fatty acids from the respective coenzyme A derivatives into phosphatidylcholine. The subcellular fraction with the highest specific activity was the microsomal fraction. Con- taminating thioesterase activity which was encountered was inhibited by treatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate. The acyl- transferase activity was only mildly inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. Labeled fatty acid was primarily incorporated into phosphatidylcholine. When saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl CoA derivatives were used, the saturated derivatives were incorporated primarily into the 1-position of the glycerol moiety, and the unsaturated fatty acids went primarily to the 2-position. This pattern of incorporation agrees with the fatty acid distribution in vivo.
Studies on the Alfalfa Inhibitor

Abstract INTRODUCTION IT HAS been known for a long time that dried alfalfa will have an adverse effect upon growing chickens when it exceeds certain levels in the feed. (Dove, 1935; Cooney et al., 1948; Lepkovsky et al., 1950.) The level of 5.0 percent was established as the upper level of dried alfalfa in feeds which chicks could tolerate without untoward effect. It was suggested (Lepkovsky et al., 1950) that alfalfa inhibitor is a compound, probably organic in nature, and was soluble in aqueous solvents and quite stable to heat, acids and alkalis. Sterols were shown, to counteract the growth-depressing action of alfalfa (Peterson, 1950a). It was suggested that the alfalfa inhibitor was a saponin or a saponin-like compound (Peterson, 1950a) and the action of cholesterol was explained by the formation of an insoluble sterol-saponin complex in the digestive tract, thereby preventing the absorption of the alfalfa inhibitor (Peterson, 1950b). This …
Implicit negative evaluations about ex-partner predicts break-up adjustment: The brighter side of dark cognitions

Using a subliminal priming lexical decision task, the present research investigated whether individuals who show negative implicit evaluations of an ex-partner immediately after a break-up show superior post-break-up emotional adjustment. As expected, individuals whose reaction times indicated negative implicit evaluations of their ex-partner showed reduced depressive affect immediately after the break-up. Individuals who did not initiate their break-up demonstrated less negative implicit evaluations of their ex-partners as well as more depressive affect. Finally, increased negative implicit evaluations of ex-partners over a one-month period were associated with corresponding improvements in adjustment. The findings demonstrate a critical role for implicit evaluations in post-break-up adjustment.
Evaluating the Performance of Planetary Boundary Layer and Cloud Microphysical Parameterization Schemes in Convection-Permitting Ensemble Forecasts Using Synthetic GOES-13 Satellite Observations

AbstractIn this study, the ability of several cloud microphysical and planetary boundary layer parameterization schemes to accurately simulate cloud characteristics within 4-km grid-spacing ensemble forecasts over the contiguous United States was evaluated through comparison of synthetic Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) infrared brightness temperatures with observations. Four double-moment microphysics schemes and five planetary boundary layer (PBL) schemes were evaluated. Large differences were found in the simulated cloud cover, especially in the upper troposphere, when using different microphysics schemes. Overall, the results revealed that the Milbrandt–Yau and Morrison microphysics schemes tended to produce too much upper-level cloud cover, whereas the Thompson and the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) double-moment 6-class (WDM6) microphysics schemes did not contain enough high clouds. Smaller differences occurred in the cloud fields when using different PBL scheme...
Cutaneous Lymphoproliferative Disorder Complicating Infectious Mononucleosis in an Immunosuppressed Patient

Infectious mononucleosis is the syndrome produced by primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus during adolescence or early adulthood. In immunosuppressed individuals, depressed T-cell function allows the Epstein-Barr virus-driven B-cell proliferation to continue unabated, potentially leading to a lymphoproliferative disorder. A 15-year-old girl with a history of ulcerative colitis treated with 6-mercaptopurine and mesalamine presented with the acute onset of a rapidly enlarging, ulcerative nodule on her left lower eyelid 4 weeks following recovery from infectious mononucleosis. The biopsy revealed an Epstein-Barr virus-positive lymphoproliferative disorder. Systemic disease was absent. Following discontinuation of 6-mercaptopurine, the patient was treated with two courses of intravenous cyclophosphamide. The lesion resolved completely and she remains disease free at 14 months following diagnosis. We report a solitary cutaneous lesion of an immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disorder (IR-LPD) occurring as a complication of infectious mononucleosis, and review the pathogenesis and reported cases of Epstein-Barr virus-related immunosuppression-related lymphoproliferative disorder arising in the setting of inflammatory bowel disease. It is important for dermatologists and dermatopathologists to be aware of the occurrence of IR-LPD in patients being treated for inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease. Given the role of primary infection with Epstein-Barr virus in the development of IR-LPD, consideration may be given to assessing Epstein-Barr virus status prior to initiating immunosuppressive therapy in young patients.
DNA synthesis in the glial cells of scrapie-affected mouse brain.

— Radioautographic techniques have been used to study the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine into the DNA of glial cells in normal and scrapie-affected mouse brain. Some differences were seen in the morphological distribution and also in the size distribution of labelled nuclei in sagittal sections of normal and affected brain. Counts of the total number of labelled nuclei per sagittal section showed a progressive decline from 50 to 15 per section in normal brain over the 4-month experimental period. However, in scrapie-affected brain the number increased markedly to 120 per section 5-6 weeks after inoculation and stayed at this level for the remaining 9-10 weeks of the incubation period. The significance of these results in relation to the pathogenesis of scrapie is discussed.
Lack of difference in response to Rebetron by race in prior interferon non-responders (NRs) with chronic hepatitis C

Lack of difference in response to Rebetron by race in prior interferon non-responders (NRs) with chronic hepatitis C
Medical word recognition using a computational semantic lexicon

Artificial Intelligence (AI) plays the following two crucial roles in medical form analysis: recognition, as an input, of the New York State (NYS) Prehospital Care Report (PCR), and data inferences as an output. The PCR provides medical, legal, and quality assurance (QA) data (approximately 2-3 Years behind in storage and analysis) that needs to be efficiently centralized to aid health care. Automating NYS PCR analysis will facilitate a more efficient and useful description of a patient being admitted to a hospital emergency room (ER). ER environments can be highly stressful on the human body given the time constraints of bioterrorism, trauma and/or disease. The recognition task will allow these ER health care professionals to evaluate all data and emergency techniques performed by paramedics and emergency medical technicians (EMT's). A computer screen, presenting diagrams, descriptions and inferences of a human body, representing the patient, will be updated with the corresponding handwritten PCR information. This information can then be transported to a central data bank where other hospitals can determine if there are possible outbreaks due to bio-terrorism, disease, hazardous materials incident or other non-obvious mass casualty incidents (MCI). Currently, it may take several days or even weeks, when it is clearly too late, to discover a massive atrocity. The recognition process will involve a method for reducing the size of the lexicon by integrating semantic knowledge with pattern recognition data.
A Novel Technique for Determination of Vapor Transmission Rate through Textiles

A novel technique for precise, accurate and fast determination of vapor transmission rate through textiles is discussed. Vapor at a constant pressure is maintained on one side of the textile and the increase in pressure of the vapor on the other side is measured. The technique was used to investigate two textiles. The vapor permeabilityof the textiles is almost five orders of magnitude lower than their air permeability. The air permeability of the textiles are identical, however, they show strong differences in vapor permeability.
Stochastically forced water waves in a circular basin

An analysis of wave motion under stochastic excitation is presented. The starting point is a Hamiltonian model of surface wave motion. This model is augmented with linear damping and stochastic for...
Does the extended technology acceptance model apply to physicians

In previous studies, the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis, 1989) has been widely used by information technology researchers to gain a better understanding of information technology (IT) adoption and its use in organizations. While TAM has been applied and tested in academic and corporate settings, involving students, business managers, clerical and administrative types as subjects, few studies have evaluated TAM in the health care environment. This study examines the applicability of the extended technology acceptance model (TAM2) of Venkatesh and Davis (2000) in the context of physicians' intention to adopt Internet-based health applications. Data were collected in a survey of pediatricians to see how well the extended model, fits in the medical sector. Our results partially confirm the model, however significant theoretical aspects were not supported. One of the core perception variables, perceived ease of use, did not predict intention to use in this study. As theorized, the primary predictor variable perceived usefulness was a strong determinant of intention to use. This paper discusses the implications, limitations, and possible explanations for the inconsistencies within the model when applied to such professional users as physicians.
The Diagnosis of Failures Via the Combination of Distributed Observations

This paper discusses a computational problem related to the distributed diagnosis of system behavior in the discrete-event systems framework. A new framework for distributed diagnosis is introduced where local observers periodically transmit their observations to a centralized coordinator that diagnoses failures in the system. A condition called combined observation diagnosability is shown for the centralized coordinator to be able to diagnose system failures. A construction is shown to test a system for combined observation diagnosability
Risk of secondary cutaneous malignancies in patients with long-standing mycosis fungoides

Background: Patients with mycosis fungoides (MF) are frequently treated with UV light and psoralen (PUVA), nitrogen mustard, and electron beam irradiation, modalities known to predispose persons to development of cutaneous malignancies. Objective: We assessed the relation between these therapeutic modalities and the development of secondary cutaneous malignancies. Methods: We reviewed the charts of all patients observed during the past year. Results: We found that 7 of 71 patients had cutaneous neoplasms in an average follow-up time of 8.3 years. Orthovoltage radiation was used in five of seven cases and PUVA in four of seven. Five of seven patients had multiple neoplasms. Conclusion: The risk of the development of second malignancies from the treatment of MF is relatively small and appears to be related to the type of therapy.
Analyzing and modeling an IMU for use in a low-cost combined vision and inertial navigation system

The automotive and videogame industries have driven the cost of Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) accelerometers and gyroscopes down to the range of just a few dollars. Likewise, the personal computer and cell phone industries have driven the cost of relatively high-resolution camera chips down to comparably low levels. Due to these cost reductions, a low-cost robot navigation system using a combination of vision and inertial sensors would be an inexpensive and effective method of navigating without the aid of GPS signals. Vision and inertial sensors are ideally suited to work together because their error characteristics are complementary. MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes are capable of tracking high-speed motions, but suffer from long-term drifts that make them impractical to use as standalone navigation sensors. However, using Bayesian estimation methods, vision information from a stereo camera pair can be used to correct these drift errors. Therefore, using both vision and inertial sensors in tandem can produce an accurate navigation system that can operate indoors or in other areas where GPS signals or other navigation aids are unavailable. In this paper, we present two data analysis methods that can be used to calibrate and characterize the noise that is produced by MEMS-based IMUs.
Said Another Way: On an International Nursing License

Key words: Nursing is multidimensional, interactive, interdisciplinary, and complex. Almost anything that can be said about nursing can be said another way. Some things worth being said and heard will not follow the norms of journal presentation. A forum accommodates the emerging voice, the new format, the innovative approach. Nursing Forum, in an effort to honor the independent voice in mursing, presents here the voice who elects to enter the dialogue, but who does so “in another way.”
IDENTIFYING PROFILING SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS WITH QUALITY FUNCTION DEPLOYMENT

System engineering may be accomplished by many approaches. Central to each approach, however, is the development of clear, consistent user requirements and their translation into corresponding technical requirements. Quality Function Deployment (QFD) has been shown to be an effective means of developing and translating requirements. To test the applicability of QFD to NOAA systems, a generic, hypothetical atmospheric profiling network was subjected to a limited application of QFD. The results, though limited, showed that QFD can be applied to NOAA systems. Although more work is required to complete the profiler application in detail, this limited application has provided a model and lessons learned. Although this paper discusses a system of potential use within NOAA, the views expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of NOAA.
Bitstream-based correlation detector for multi-view distributed video coding applications

In this paper, we develop a low complexity algorithm for spatial overlap detection and characterization that operates directly on the bitstream of motion-JPEG compressed video. Its low complexity and the fact that it does not require video decoding at the sensor nodes make it well suited to multi-view distributed video coding applications for wireless sensor networks.