cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Shear induced weakening of the hydrogen bonding lattice of the energetic material 5,5′-Hydrazinebistetrazole at high-pressure

Abstract 5,5′-Hydrazinebistetrazole (HBTA) has been studied by in-situ x-ray diffraction and vibrational spectroscopy to pressures near 25 GPa at room temperature. Analysis of the x-ray diffraction pattern of HBTA collected at ambient pressure and temperature revealed a monoclinic structure consistent with that previously reported. Under compression, the x-ray diffraction reveals little evidence of a phase transition over the pressure range studied. Slight anisotropy in response to compression was noted and the β angle decreased moderately, suggesting geometry modifications occur in the hydrogen bonding lattice and between neighboring HBTA molecules as a result of compression along the c axis. Blue shifts in the Infrared active N H stretching modes were observed, implying a weakening of the hydrogen bond with compression. The weakening of the hydrogen bonding lattice with pressure may lead to an increase in the bending angle of the C N N C bridge between the tetrazole rings and an increased overlap between the π-bonding orbitals. The Raman spectra showed a number of modes associated with H N N H motions of the bridge become more prominent in the spectra under compression. Additionally, the possibility that the increased bend in the angle of the C N N C bridge results from a shearing deformation is discussed.
The measurement of moisture concentration in cable insulation

The results of measurement of the moisture content of XLPE cable insulation obtained from a DuPont model 903 Moisture Evolution Analyzer often disagrees with the results of the same measurements made with a Mitsubishi Moisture Meter by as much as a factor of two. The former instrument uses a cell containing P 2 O 5 as its active element, and the latter performs an automated Karl Fisher titration. The two instruments were calibrated using the water hydration of sodium tartrate as a standard. Moisture measurements made as a function of the oven temperature for both instruments were in good agreement with weight loss measurements made by thermogravimetric analysis of the sodium tartrate. These results and others have shown that the accuracy and precision of both instruments are within ± 1% for the measurement of amounts of water of the order of 1000 micrograms. The present results show that the lack of agreement among the measurements can be explained as the result of interference by such volatile substances as acetophenone and cumyl alcohol.
The Relative Contributions of Deformation Modes to AZ31 Rolling Textures in Different Temperature Regimes

Key differences in the textures of cold-, warm-, and hot-rolled Mg alloy AZ31 sheets and plates are identified. It is shown that incorporation of compression twinning within Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) polycrystal plasticity simulations reproduces key features of the cold-rolling texture that have not previously been predicted. Discussion of recent observations of recrystallization and grain growth provide explanations for the hot-rolled texture. Finally, it is demonstrated that starting with the correct initial texture is essential to produce observed features in all the rolling textures, including warm-rolling.
Inhibition of Bacterial Growth by Peptide-Conjugated Morpholino Oligomers

Morpholino oligomers (MOs) are antisense molecules designed for sequence-specific binding of target mRNA. In bacteria, inhibition is hypothesized to occur by preventing translation initiation. Cell-penetrating peptides may be conjugated to the 5'- or 3'-termini of an MO to enhance cellular entry and therefore inhibition. Here we describe the three standard microbiological assays to assess in vitro antibacterial MO efficacy.
Variations of target volume definition and daily target volume localization in stereotactic body radiotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer patients under abdominal compression.

We aimed to compare gross tumor volumes (GTV) in 3-dimensional computed tomography (3DCT) simulation and daily cone beam CT (CBCT) with the internal target volume (ITV) in 4-dimensional CT (4DCT) simulation in stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) treatment of patients with early-stage non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) under abdominal compression. We retrospectively selected 10 patients with NSCLC who received image-guided SBRT treatments under abdominal compression with daily CBCT imaging. GTVs were contoured as visible gross tumor on the planning 3DCT and daily CBCT, and ITVs were contoured using maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of the planning 4DCT. Daily CBCTs were registered with 3DCT and MIP images by matching of bony landmarks in the thoracic region to evaluate interfractional GTV position variations. Relative to MIP-based ITVs, the average 3DCT-based GTV volume was 66.3 ± 17.1% (range: 37.5% to 92.0%) (p < 0.01 in paired t-test), and the average CBCT-based GTV volume was 90.0 ± 6.7% (daily range: 75.7% to 107.1%) (p = 0.02). Based on bony anatomy matching, the center-of-mass coordinates for CBCT-based GTVs had maximum absolute shift of 2.4 mm (left-right), 7.0 mm (anterior-posterior [AP]), and 5.2 mm (superior-inferior [SI]) relative to the MIP-based ITV. CBCT-based GTVs had average overlapping ratio of 81.3 ± 11.2% (range: 45.1% to 98.9%) with the MIP-based ITV, and 57.7 ± 13.7% (range: 35.1% to 83.2%) with the 3DCT-based GTV. Even with abdominal compression, both 3DCT simulations and daily CBCT scans significantly underestimated the full range of tumor motion. In daily image-guided patient setup corrections, automatic bony anatomy-based image registration could lead to target misalignment. Soft tissue-based image registration should be performed for accurate treatment delivery.
The Role of Mast Cells in Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Mast cells are first responders to intracerebral hemorrhage. They release potent mediators that can disrupt the blood-brain barrier promoting injury, vasogenic edema formation, and hematoma exacerbation. Also, mast cells recruit other inflammatory cells that maintain and amplify brain damage. Given their early role in the cascade of events in intracerebral hemorrhage, mast cells may offer an alternative target for antichemotactic interventions.
Stalking/Obsessive Relational Intrusion

Stalking is a pattern of unwanted behavior that results in the target or a reasonable person experiencing fear or a sense of threat. Obsessive relational intrusion is a pattern of seeking intimacy from a person who does not want such intimacy. The societal and historical context of stalking, the types of stalkers and the types of stalker behaviors, the ways in which victims attempt to cope, and the effects of stalking reveal the complexity of stalking and obsessive relational intrusion as a social phenomenon. Keywords: aggression; conflict; gender
SEPARATION OF ISOTOPES IN SPACE AND TIME BY GAS-SURFACE ATOMIC DIFFRACTION

Atomic-beam diffraction emerges as a viable approach to separating isotopes within the beam.
Efficacy and immunologic effects of RNA-pulsed dendritic cell vaccines targeting human cytomegalovirus antigens in patients with glioblastoma

LB-73 Background Conventional therapies for GBM fail to target tumor cells exclusively. Immunologic targeting of tumor-specific proteins may allow more precise eradication of neoplastic cells. The discovery and recent confirmation that GBM, but not surrounding normal brain tissue, serves as a refuge for Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation provides an unparalleled opportunity to subvert, as tumor-specific antigens, the highly-immunogenic viral proteins expressed by CMV. Patients and Methods A phase II randomized, prospective clinical trial was undertaken to assess the immunogenicity and efficacy of targeting the immunodominant CMV integument protein, pp65, in patients with newly-diagnosed GBM using pp65-RNA transfected dendritic cells (DCs). After resection and radiation with concurrent TMZ (75mg/m 2 /d), patients received subsequent monthly cycles of TMZ (200 mg/m 2 ) simultaneous with intradermal vaccinations and were randomized to receive an autologous lymphocyte transfusion (ALT) (3x10 7 /Kg) prior to vaccination. Subjects received vaccinations until there was evidence of tumor progression or death. Results 21 patients were consented. 5 progressed during radiotherapy. There were no vaccine-related, reportable SAEs. TMZ therapy, however, induced Grade 3 lymphopenia (500 cells/mL) in 70% of patients after the first TMZ cycle. One nearly complete response was observed. Median PFS was 12.5 months (CI 95 : 10.0, ∞). Overall median survival is undefined, but is >21.1 months. The group randomized to receive ALT has a significantly worse median survival ( P =0.0354; logrank). Induction of CMV-specific antibody responses and DTH responses to DC vaccination were observed in the context of concurrent TMZ chemotherapy, demonstrating the TMZ is not a barrier to immunologic responses to DC vaccination in humans. Polyfunctional T cell responses are under current evaluation, but preliminary data shows that patients with GBM have CMV-specific immunologic deficiencies. Conclusions CMV proteins may serve as novel, tumor-specific targets for immunotherapy in patients with GBM. Immunotherapy targeting CMV pp65 may improve survival and should be evaluated in randomized Phase III trials. This work was supported by funds from the NIH/NINDS SPORE in Brain Cancer 1P50 CA108786 01 (Sampson), NIH R01 CA-97222-01 (Sampson), The Brain Tumor Society (Mitchell / Sampson), and Accelerate Brain Cancer Cure (Mitchell).
A Ground Penetrating Test to Detect Vertebrate Fossils

Institute for Archaeological and M onumental Heritage, National Council of Research; Prov. Lecce-M onteroni, Lecce, 73100, Italy Abstract In this study a palaeontological research method, based on the geophysical methodology known as Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), is described. The geophysical investigation was undertaken with the purpose to verify the resolution capability of the GPR technique for the location of palaeontological remains with consequent saving of time and costs. In this paper the results of some tests carried out on bio micrite samples (with known position of the fossils) are reported. The tests have been performed on three bio micrite samples: glauconitic b io micrite, which is a variety of the Pietra Leccese, with a frag ment of Cetotheride maxillary (Cetacea - Mysticete); bio micrite with cetacean vertebrae (Scaldiceto); normal biomicrite with part of Psephophorus Poligonus (Chelonide); all the samp les date fro m the M iddle Upper Miocene. Due to the samples dimensions the antennae with frequencies of 1000 M Hz and 1500 M Hz were used. Data were visualized in 3D that revealing the spatial position of highly reflecting bodies, such as the anomaly related to the fossil remains in the tests on the samples.
Circumventricular Organs in Neuroendocrine Control

Brain circumventricular organs (CVOs) are small midline or near-midline structures that border the cerebral ventricles. CVOs lack a blood–brain barrier, and their number varies across vertebrate species. The most common mammalian CVOs include the subfornical organ (SFO), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), median eminence (ME), pituitary neural lobe (NL), pineal gland (PI), and area postrema (AP). The ME, PI, and NL have long been recognized as secretory neuroendocrine structures. Although the SFO, OVLT, and AP were also initially hypothesized to have secretory functions, recent studies ascribe to them sensory roles for detecting various humoral factors (e.g., hormones, osmols, and specific ions).
Bi-directional reflectance measurements of closely packed natural and prepared particulate surfaces

One of the most general ways to quantify the surface reflectance of a medium is by use of the bi-directional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) (Hapke, 1993). The BRDF gives the reflectance of a surface as a function of illumination geometry and viewing geometry and is required in many scientific and engineering disciplines. For example, in satellite remote sensing, measurements taken from spaceborne sensors are affected significantly by sun-target-sensor geometry. Since the reflectances of most land surfaces such as soil, snow and vegetation are anisotropic, and atmospheric scattering is also anisotropic, the same surface viewed at different times of the day, or from different directions, may appear to have a different reflectance. To compare measurements carried out under different illumination and viewing conditions, the angular properties of the ground surface reflectance must be taken into account (Royer et al., 1985) in addition to the atmospheric effects (Gordon, 1997).
Burnout: An Existential Perspective

This chapter argues that the root cause of burnout lies in people's need to believe that their lives are meaningful, that the things they do are useful and important. The comparison between goals and stressors shows in a personally relevant way that the most burnout-causing aspects of work are those that prevent people from achieving their goals and expectations. The chapter also argues that the most emotionally demanding aspect of a work situation is its lack of existential significance. The existential perspective on burnout has both practical and theoretical implications. On the practical level, by focusing on the importance of deriving a sense of significance from work it can guide attempts to cope with and prevent burnout. On the theoretical level, the burnout model makes a number of predictions that can be tested in future research. Both of these directions can help further the theoretical development of burnout.
Abstract WP556: Predicting Modified Rankin Scale Using Prior Cognition Measure: Results From CLEAR III Study

Introduction: Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is a subtype of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounting for 50% mortality and serious survivor disability. We examined whether screening Mini-Menta...
Bronchoscopic procedure planning for systematic lymph node analysis

Lung cancer is the number one cause of cancer in the United States. With the rollout of new lung cancer screening programs, the number of early-stage lung cancer patients is expected to increase. This greatly increases the premium on proper central-chest lymph node staging. Physicians typically use minimally invasive bronchoscopy for these staging procedures. On another front, it is now accepted practice that a bronchoscopic procedure is greatly assisted using image-guided virtual-bronchoscopy navigation (VBN) systems, whereby the procedure plan and follow-on live guidance draw upon information derived from a patient's three-dimensional (3D) computed- tomography (CT) chest scan. To date, VBN systems only provide a means for managing individual diagnostic sites. Truly effective lymph node staging, however, demands procedure plans that take into account multiple nodes. To bridge this gap, we propose an approach for planning a more comprehensive lymph node staging plan, suitable for VBN-based guidance systems. In addition, during the live guided procedure, existing VBN systems do not provide visualization aids pertinent to the demands of the lymph node staging problem. We discuss our progress toward developing a computer-based planning and guidance system tailored to more comprehensive lymph node staging. In particular, our development features three interconnected contributions. First, a system modernized to the newest eighth edition of the IASLC nodal-station map is presented. Second, a method for locating station-specific 3D soft-tissue regions, where candidate lymph nodes could reside, is discussed. Finally, an approach for computing airway routes leading to each nodal station, along with associated visualization views is given. We demonstrate our methodology using data from human lung cancer patients.
Human erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase bears the Yta blood group antigen and is reduced or absent in the Yt(a-b-) phenotype

The Cartwright (Yt) blood group antigens have previously been shown likely to reside on a phosphatidylinositol-linked erythrocyte membrane protein. In this study, an unusual individual whose red blood cells (RBCs) were of the previously unreported Yt(a-b-) phenotype were used, along with normal Yt(a+) cells, to investigate serologically and biochemically the relationship of the Yta antigen to known phosphatidylinositol-linked erythrocyte proteins. Yt(a-b-) RBCs expressed normal amounts of various phosphatidyl-inositol-linked proteins except acetylcholinesterase. Further, human anti-Yta reacted with acetylcholinesterase in immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting studies. Thus, acetylcholinesterase is now identified as the protein bearing the Yt blood group antigens.
Shall not be infringed: how the NRA used religious language to transform the meaning of the Second Amendment

Understanding the deep meaning of the Second Amendment is critical to understanding American gun culture. The centrality of the Second Amendment in American culture can be better understood through the intersection of American nationalism with Protestant Christianity. This paper argues that the National Rifle Association (NRA) has capitalized on the religious nationalism that arose in the late 1970s alongside the Moral Majority and has increasingly used religious language to shape the discourse surrounding the Second Amendment. Understanding the transformation of the Second Amendment from an important Constitutional amendment to an article of faith in religious nationalism provides new insight about the meaning of guns for American identity. The use of religious rhetoric, such as references to evil combined with references to civic obligation, illustrates the merging of American civic religion with the New Christian Right’s rhetoric. Using issues of the American Rifleman to investigate the changing discourse since the mid-1970s, this paper demonstrates how the NRA increased its use of religious language to frame the political debate about gun rights through a religious nationalist lens.
Experiences of Parents with Visual Impairments who are Raising Children

Sixty-seven parents who are visually impaired revealed strategies for their children's safety, transportation, homework, and other parenting tasks and provided information about the emotional impac...
A CASE OF GIANT AORTIC ANEURYSM PRESENTING WITH DYSPNEA DUE TO AORTIC REGURGITATION CAUSED BY SUBACUTE TYPE A DISSECTION

Ascending aortic aneurysm with aortic root involvement can be potentially deadly without intervention. Management should be individualized based on family history, body habitus, gender, anatomy and surgical risk. Thresholds for intervention depend on the location of aneurysm, the cadence of growth
Prevalence And Associations of Ischemic Stroke with Pulmonary Arteriovenous Fistulas (2280)

Objective: To determine the prevalence and management trends of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in patients with pulmonary arteriovenous fistulae (PAVF), in the United States. Background: Pulmonary arteriovenous fistula (PAVF) is an abnormal intrapulmonary right-to-left shunt. About 25% patients with untreated PAVF may suffer a paradoxical embolic acute ischemic stroke (AIS) by 65 years of age. Current expert recommendations are to treat all CT scan visible PAVF, even if asymptomatic. The American Heart Association Stroke Guidelines recommend antiplatelets for secondary prophylaxis of AIS related to PAVF. Design/Methods: Using the NIS from 2001–2014, patients carrying a secondary diagnosis of PAVF (ICD-9 CM code: 417.0) and a subsequent hospitalization with AIS were identified. SAS 9.4 was used for data analysis with categorical and continuous variables tested using the Chi-Square test and Student’s t-test, respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to adjust for confounders. Results: A total of 4430 (weighted) patients (>18 years) were diagnosed with PAVF at a mean age of 55.6 years (SE ±0.7). About 7% (n=312, p Conclusions: A nationally representative sample showed low utilization of reperfusion therapy and secondary stroke prophylaxis with antiplatelet agents in patients with PAVF. Consensus guidelines and randomized control trials are need to establish the role of fistula embolization in these patients. Disclosure: Dr. Desai has nothing to disclose. Dr. Topiwala has nothing to disclose. Dr. Tarasaria has nothing to disclose. Dr. Pervez has nothing to disclose.
Mass spectrometry as a cancer diagnostic tool: a meta-analysis of published data

4361 Mass spectrometry is currently the most important proteomic tool. Over the last 3 years, many groups have attempted to use mass spectrometry, in combination with chromatographic techniques and bioinformatics, to diagnose various forms of cancer such as ovarian, prostate, pancreatic, bladder, breast and nasopharyngeal cancer. These methods are based on the premise that the serum proteome and/or peptidome are modified, due to the presence of cancer, in a way that the changes can be captured by mass spectrometric analysis of serum. The diagnostic sensitivities and specificities reported with these methods are far more superior than those obtained using classical cancer biomarkers. However, a review of the literature revealed major discrepancies when the discriminatory peaks between various studies and various cancer types were compared. In most of these studies, the identity of the peaks is unknown. More recent studies have used tandem mass spectrometry to identify discriminatory peaks for ovarian, pancreatic, prostate and nasopharyngeal carcinomas. We examined the abundance of these proteins in serum and their source of origin. The identified proteins include apolipoprotein-A1, transthyretin fragment, inter-alpha-trypsin inhibitor fragment, haptoglobin-alpha-subunit (for ovarian and pancreatic cancer), vitamin D-binding protein (for prostate cancer), serum amyloid A (for nasopharyngeal and pancreatic cancer), alpha-1 antichymotrypsin and alpha-1 antitrypsin (pancreatic cancer). All these proteins are produced by the liver and most of them are acute-phase reactants. The concentration of these analytes in serum are in the range of 1-40 μmol/L, representing high-abundance proteins, in contrast to the classical cancer biomarkers, which are present at sub-nmol/L concentrations. We conclude that current mass spectrometric analysis of unfractionated serum of cancer patients identifies discriminatory peaks which (a) are present in serum in very high abundance, (b) are produced by the liver and not by cancer cells or their microenvironment. The non-specific nature of these markers (acute-phase reactants) makes it unlikely that these molecules will have high specificity for cancer diagnosis.
Intraoperative CT for Neuronavigation Guidance and Confirmation of Foramen Ovale Cannulation for Glycerol Trigeminal Rhizotomy: A Technical Report and Case Series.

Glycerol rhizotomy was originally described as an initial surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia after the failure of medical therapy. Here we describe its use as a salvage procedure, typically after failure of multiple other modalities including microvascular decompression, stereotactic radiosurgery, and/or other percutaneous procedures. Foramen ovale cannulation as a "salvage procedure" may be complicated by lack of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) return despite adequate cannulation of the foramen ovale, making conventional fluoroscopic confirmation of adequate needle placement less certain. In this article, we describe the application of intraoperative CT, fused with high-resolution preoperative CT/MRI for neuronavigation to accurately cannulate the foramen ovale and Meckel's cave for glycerol rhizotomy. Intraoperative CT, again fused with high-resolution preoperative CT and MRI studies, was then used to confirm accurate trajectory through the foramen ovale and the adequate location of the needle tip in Meckel's cave before injecting glycerol. We present our initial experience with 14 patients who underwent glycerol rhizotomy by these techniques depending on intraoperative CT. It appears that intraoperative CT-guided neuronavigation provides a practical, reliable, and accurate route to the foramen ovale and aids in the confirmation of adequate needle placement even when there is a lack of CSF return. These methods may be especially useful for difficult cannulations typical in salvage procedures. In an era of feasible intraoperative guidance, with advanced stereotactic planning software allowing the fusion of intraoperative CT with high-resolution preoperative CT and MRI datasets, these techniques can be applied to foramen ovale cannulation for glycerol rhizotomy without major modification.
Global marine fishing across space and time

Human health and livelihoods are threatened by declining marine fisheries catches, causing substantial interest in the sources and dynamics of fishing. Catch analyses in individual exclusive economic zones (EEZs) and the high seas are abundant, and research across multiple EEZs is growing. However, no previous studies have systematically compared catches, intranational versus international fish flows, and fishing nations within all of the world’s EEZs and across adjacent and distant EEZs and the high seas to inform “metacoupled” fisheries management. We use the metacoupling framework—a new approach for evaluating human–nature interactions within and across adjacent and distant systems (metacouplings)—to illustrate how fisheries catches were locally, regionally, and globally interconnected in 1950–2014, totaling 5.8 billion metric tons and increasing by 298% (tonnage) and 431% (monetary value) over this time period. Catches by nations in their own EEZs (largest in Peru) and adjacent EEZs (largest in Indonesia) constituted 86% of worldwide catches, growing in 1950–1996 but declining in 1997–2014. In contrast, catches in distant EEZs and the high seas—largest in Morocco, Mauritania, and Canada—peaked in 1973 and have since represented 9–21% of annual catches. Our 65-year, local–regional–global analysis illustrates how metacoupled fisheries governance—holistic management of multiscalar catches, flows, and tradeoffs within and among fisheries—can improve food and nutrition security, livelihood resilience, and biodiversity conservation across the world.
50 – MINERAL INCLUSIONS IN BRAZILIAN DIAMONDS

Minerals included in diamonds from several localities in Brazil have been examined. The minerals observed are olivine, enstatite, chrome-pyrope and pyrope-almandine. These minerals have similar compositions to those previously reported for inclusions from other worldwide localities. In addition rutile, ilmenite, zircon, quartz and pyrrhotite occur as inclusions. This is the first record of ilmenite and zircon in natural diamond. The ilmenite is unique compared to most kimberlite ilmenites in that it contains no appreciable content of magnesium. The presence of quartz as an inclusion is unusual.
Community Perspectives on Communicating About Precision Medicine in an Alaska Native Tribal Health Care System

Background Precision medicine seeks to better tailor medical care to the needs of individual patients, but there are challenges involved in communicating to patients, health care providers, and health system leaders about this novel and complex approach to research and clinical care. These challenges may be exacerbated for Alaska Native and American Indian (ANAI) people, whose experiences of unethical research practices have left some ANAI communities hesitant to engage in research that involves extensive data-sharing and diminished control over the terms of data management and who may have distinct, culturally-informed communication needs and preferences. There is need for communication research to support Tribal health organizations and ANAI people as they consider implementation of and participation in precision medicine. To address that need, this study characterizes the informational needs and communication preferences of patients, providers, and leaders at an Alaska Native Tribal health organization. Methods We conducted 46 individual, semi-structured interviews to explore perspectives on precision medicine and related communication needs among patients, providers, and leaders of a Tribal health organization. Analysis involved team-based coding to identify a priori and emergent themes, followed by identification and recoding of content relevant to precision medicine informational needs and communication preferences. Results Patients, providers, and leaders were described as both sources and recipients of information about precision medicine. Information deemed essential for making decisions about whether to participate in or implement a precision medicine program included information about the clinical and research applications of precision medicine, benefits and risks, health system costs and impacts, and data management practices. Preferred communication channels included digital and non-digital informational materials, as well as in-person learning opportunities for individuals and groups. Participants also describe contextual factors and barriers that influenced the acceptability and effectiveness of approaches to health communication. Conclusion Results can inform approaches to communicating information about precision medicine to stakeholders within Tribal and other health care systems considering implementation of precision medicine in clinical or research contexts.
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia: NICU and Perioperative Management

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, commonly on the left side, is a major birth anomaly that results in lung hypoplasia (often bilateral) and hypoxic respiratory failure. Fetal MRI aids in estimating prognosis which aids multidisciplinary discussion with the family to guide postnatal management as well as crucial for ongoing trials of fetal tracheal occlusion therapy. Most babies need immediate tertiary level intensive care and a multi-disciplinary team approach for optimizing outcomes. Advances in postnatal care include gentle ventilation, ameliorating pulmonary hypertension, optimizing hemodynamics and parenteral nutrition support. Extracorporeal life support is often used as a bridge for sicker babies. Surgical repair via laparoscopic or open approach is undertaken after initial stabilization and needs experienced surgical and anesthetic care especially for those with associated cardiac pathology. Optimizing analgesia and sedation during pre-/intra- and post-op care is essential especially for infants needing prolonged intubation. Complex subspecialty follow-up as well as neurodevelopmental monitoring aids in improving quality of life after hospital discharge.
Debriefing Experiential Learning Exercises in Ethics Education

The major conclusion of this paper is that to obtain optimum pay-off from using experiential learning exercises in teaching business ethics, faculty must pay close attention to debriefing. The paper presents an approach based on a conceptual model for systematic and analytical debriefing of experiential learning exercises in ethics education. The paper also suggests that faculty must provide structure and ambiguity so that students can personalize the learning – experiencing meaningfulness (i.e., usefulness) in its application – so that learning is r0elevant to the individual.
Some effects of meperidine hydrochloride on maternal and fetal sheep

Abstract Single intravenous injection into the pregnant ewe of meperidine HCl in dosages of 0.85 to 2.5 mg. per kilogram of maternal weight and 14.7 to 76.9 mg. per kilogram of fetal weight was not associated with significant effects on maternal and fetal arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Furthermore, no significant changes could be found in maternal arterial, fetal arterial, and umbilical venous blood gas values or acid-base values. The mean dosage of lidocaine HCl in milligrams per minute required for satisfactory continuous spinal anesthesia in the pretest period was 3.66 times that required following the injection of meperidine HCl.
Do LQTS gene single nucleotide polymorphisms alter QTc intervals at rest and during exercise stress testing

Background The impact of harboring, genetic variants or single nucleotide polymorphisms (LQT‐PM) on the repolarization response during exercise and recovery is unknown.
Trans-coplanar rearrangements : The conversion of camphor to nopinone☆

Abstract The conversion of camphor to nopinone was carried out by rearrangement of appropriate glycol monomesylate in a sterospecific manner. The glycol monomesylates were prepared by reaction of camphor and trichloroacetic anhydride to give 1-trichloroacetoxycamphene (2) which on hydrolysis and acylation gave 1-acetoxycamphene (5). Ozonolysis, selective reduction of 6 and conversion to the mesylate gave 1-acetoxy-3,3-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-hept-endo-2-yl mesylate (10) which was rearranged to nopinone.
Six sigma tools in integrating internal operations of a retail pharmacy: A case study

Purpose: This study was initiated to integrate information and enterprise-wide healthcare delivery system issues specifically within an inpatient retail pharmacy operation in a U.S. community hospital. Methodology: Six Sigma tools were used to examine the effects to an inpatient retail pharmacy service process. Some of the tools used include service blueprints, cause-effect diagram, gap analysis derived from customer and employee surveys, mistake proofing was applied in various business situations and results were analyzed to identify and propose process improvements and integration. Findings: The research indicates that the Six Sigma tools in this discussion are very applicable and quite effective in helping to streamline and integrate the pharmacy process flow. Additionally, gap analysis derived from two different surveys was used to estimate the primary areas of focus to increase customer and employee satisfaction. The results of this analysis were useful in initiating discussions of how to effectively narrow these service gaps. Contribution: This retail pharmaceutical service study serves as a framework for the process that should occur for successful process improvement tool evaluation and implementation. Pharmaceutical Service operations in the U.S. that use this integration framework must tailor it to their individual situations to maximize their chances for success.
Multiple fault diagnosis in combinational networks

Prime faults are introduced for the study of multiple fault diagnosis in combinational circuits. It is shown that every multiple fault in a network can be represented by a functionally equivalent fault with prime faults as its only components. Masking and covering relations among faults are defined and used to significantly simplify multiple fault analysis and test generation. An efficient algorithm that generates a multiple fault detection test set and identifies any redundancy is presented. Suggestions for designing networks to yield a minimum number of tests in the multiple fault detection test set are included.
Mu robustness analysis of adaptive feedforward noise cancelling algorithms

Robust control theory is applied to analyzing a class of adaptive feedforward algorithms which are commonly used for cancelling sinusoidal noise. It is shown that by using a previously developed LTI/LTV decomposition, sufficient conditions for robust stability can be established in terms of the structured singular value. This approach differs significantly from more accepted methods of adaptive analysis using hyperstability, Lyapunov functions, etc., and leads to important insights when studying robust stability properties of the adaptive system.
Novel immunosuppressive agents in kidney transplantation

Excellent outcomes have been achieved in the field of renal transplantation. A significant reduction in acute rejection has been attained at many renal transplant centers using contemporary immunosuppressive, consisting of an induction agent, a calcineurin inhibitor, an antiproliferative agent plus or minus a corticosteroid. Despite improvements with these regimens, chronic allograft injury and adverse events still persist. The perfect immunosuppressive regimen would limit or eliminate calcineurin inhibitors and/or corticosteroid toxicity while providing enhanced allograft outcomes. Potential improvements to the calcineurin inhibitor class include a prolonged release tacrolimus formulation and voclosporin, a cyclosporine analog. Belatacept has shown promise as an agent to replace calcineurin inhibitors. A novel, fully-human anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody, ASKP1240, is currently enrolling patients in phase 2 trials with calcineurin minimization and avoidance regimens. Another future goal of transplant immunosuppression is effective and safe treatment of allograft rejection. Novel treatments for antibody mediated rejection include bortezomib and eculizumab. Several investigational agents are no longer being pursed in transplantation including the induction agents, efalizumab and alefacept, and maintenance agents, sotrastaurin and tofacitinib. The purpose of this review is to consolidate the published evidence of the effectiveness and safety of investigational immunosuppressive agents in renal transplant recipients.
MP–MD angry after marijuana bill goes up in smoke

Alliance MP Keith Martin shattered parliamentary tradition in April because of his anger over the Liberals' use of a procedural manoeuvre to kill his private member's bill. The bill, which called for the decriminalization of marijuana possession, had been his pet project. ![Figure][1]
Plasma levels of vitamin E in Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Oxidative stress has been implicated as a major contributor to selective neuronal death in Parkinson's disease (PD). Vitamin E is an antioxidant that may protect the brain from free radical-induced oxidative damage. It is, therefore, reasonable to hypothesize that low levels of vitamin E concentrations may increase the risk of developing PD. To elucidate the possible role of vitamin E in the pathogenesis of PD, we assessed the plasma levels of vitamin E, measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in 54 patients with PD. Vitamin E concentrations were also assessed in 93 age and sex matched normal individuals. The mean plasma levels of vitamin E did not differ significantly between these two groups (22.5±8.15 μmol/l for PD patients and 21.0±7.9 μmol/l for controls). The results of our study suggest that plasma vitamin E concentrations do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of PD.
A recombinant avian infectious bronchitis virus expressing a heterologous spike gene belonging to the 4/91 serotype.

We have shown previously that replacement of the spike (S) gene of the apathogenic IBV strain Beau-R with that from the pathogenic strain of the same serotype, M41, resulted in an apathogenic virus, BeauR-M41(S), that conferred protection against challenge with M41 [1]. We have constructed a recombinant IBV, BeauR-4/91(S), with the genetic backbone of Beau-R but expressing the spike protein of the pathogenic IBV strain 4/91(UK), which belongs to a different serogroup as Beaudette or M41. Similar to our previous findings with BeauR-M41(S), clinical signs observations showed that the S gene of the pathogenic 4/91 virus did not confer pathogenicity to the rIBV BeauR-4/91(S). Furthermore, protection studies showed there was homologous protection; BeauR-4/91(S) conferred protection against challenge with wild type 4/91 virus as shown by the absence of clinical signs, IBV RNA assessed by qRT-PCR and the fact that no virus was isolated from tracheas removed from birds primarily infected with BeauR-4/91(S) and challenged with IBV 4/91(UK). A degree of heterologous protection against M41 challenge was observed, albeit at a lower level. Our results confirm and extend our previous findings and conclusions that swapping of the ectodomain of the S protein is a precise and effective way of generating genetically defined candidate IBV vaccines.
The structure of the dithionite ion

Abstract The Raman spectra of aqueous and solid sodium dithionite have been recorded. Differences in the location, intensity, and number of observed bands are attributed to conformational changes in the dithionite ion. The structure of the aqueous ion is non-planar with a C 2h symmetry with an SS bond distance estimated to be 0.220–0.226 nm, as opposed to the dithionite structure in the Na 2 S 2 O 4 ·2H 2 O salt which is known to have C 2 ν structure with a bond distance of 0.2389 nm. The Raman spectra of aqueous dithionite are assigned to A g (SO) = 997 cm −1 ; B g (SO) at 912 cm −1 , B g SO 2 twist at 324 cm −1 . The remaining bands are a strong A g , the SO 2 wag, the SO 2 scissor, and the SS stretch at 584, 461, and 232 cm −1 , respectively, but due to coupling all three motions are expected to exhibit substantial SS character. The variation of the spectra of the solid and aqueous sodium dithionite indicate strong environmental effect on the structure of the anion.
FACTOR ANALYTIC APPROACH TO INCORPORATING SYSTEMATIC TASTE VARIATION INTO MODELS OF RESIDENTIAL LOCATION CHOICE

In the development of residential location choice models, multicollinearity among measures of socioeconomic status and family status prohibits the inclusion of a large number of these attributes in a single specification. Alternative methods of representing these attributes with a smaller number of summary or representative measures are tested. Factor analysis is performed on the census tract-level family status and socioeconomic status variables to produce factor scores that are used in residential location choice models. The factor analysis results are also used to select one representative socioeconomic status variable and one representative family status variable to be used in choice models. These approaches are tested against a base model that uses a full set of 11 attributes. To incorporate systematic taste variation, the factors and representative variables are interacted with individual household income and life-cycle characteristics. The factor analysis approach provides a clearer interpretation of the influence of socioeconomic status and family status than inclusion of multiple variables, which obtains many nonsignificant and counterintuitive parameters. The factor scores are preferred over the use of a single representative variable, which is not readily interpreted with respect to impact of the variables it represents.
Examples of X-Ray Scattering Studies of Biological Systems under Extreme Conditions

Biological systems under extreme conditions often resort to unusual structures to achieve special functions for survival. The “bioengineering” principles of such “extreme” structures may inspire biomimic designs of functional materials. Here we give several examples of such naturally occurring unusual structures probed with x-ray scattering. i) In bacterial spores, the spore coat appears to comprise of laminar layers of quasi-2D crystals with periodicity of ∼1 nm. Such ordered assembly may be responsible for the spore resistance to heat, toxic chemicals, and mechanical disruption. ii) In starved bacterial cells, the DNA packaging protein (DPS) is over-produced to compact the chromosomal DNA close to crystalline density to protect the genomic integrity and facilitate homologous recombination. iii) In bacterial cells with over-produced DNA, mild treatment with antibiotics can lead to liquid-crystalline DNA that responds to external osmotic stress. Future work includes 1) uncovering the molecular basis of characterized structures and 2) extending into systems such as cells under radiation or heat and cancer cells.
EARP is a multisubunit tethering complex involved in endocytic recycling.

Bonifacino and colleagues identify a four-protein complex, called the endosome-associated recycling protein (EARP) complex, that associates with Rab4-positive endosomes and promotes recycling-endosome tethering and fusion.
Surgical follow-up: partial-thickness skin excision for dyskeratoses.

Ce rapport a pour but d'indiquer la persistance de l'enthousiasme pour l'excision de peau amincie et de montrer les bons resultats obtenus chez d'autres malades atteints de dyskeratoses diverses
The effectiveness of two capillary barriers on a 10% slope

Capillary barriers, consisting of fine-over-coarse soil layers, are being considered as an alternative cover component for waste-disposal facilities, especially in dry climates. Infiltrating water is removed from the fine layer by evaporation or transpiration, or percolation into the coarse layer (failure). If the fine-coarse interface is sloped, water in the fine layer can also drain laterally under unsaturated conditions. The effectiveness of two capillary barriers in laterally diverting water was tested. The barriers were 7 m long and 1.2 m thick, built on a 10% slope. One had a homogeneous fine layer, while the fine layer of the other was layered to increase its ability to divert water laterally. The barriers were first subjected to constant infiltration (10 mm/day) followed by exposure to ambient climatic conditions. The layered capillary barrier was successful in laterally diverting water near the interface and did not permit any water to enter the coarse layer. In contrast, the homogeneous capillary barrier failed over its entire length. These results indicate that a significant lateral diversion capacity can be designed into capillary barriers, greatly increasing their effectiveness.
Spectroscopic characterization of active mutants of manganese peroxidase: mutations on the proximal side affect calcium binding of the distal side.

The mutants at position 242 of manganese peroxidase (MnP), where the native Asp has been substituted with a Ser or a Glu, have been shown to be active, and are here characterized by electronic, EPR, and NMR spectroscopies. We have also mutated another residue on the proximal side, Phe 190 to Val and Leu, yielding active mutants. When studied by the above-mentioned spectroscopies, the mutants at both positions 242 and 190 exhibit three pH-dependent transitions. In contrast to the transitions observed at low and high pH, the spectroscopic studies reveal that the transition at intermediate pH has pKa values up to 2 units lower for the mutants at D242E and -S and F190V than for the wild type. This process is due to the ionization of a group that affects the transition to the bis-histidine coordination at the iron. The observed changes in the pKa values are related to the altered affinity of the calcium-binding site in the distal pocket. Other variations are observed in the other two pKa values. Characterizati...
Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) leeuwenhoeki in Choloepus hoffmanni and Didelphis marsupialis of the Pacific coast of Colombia

Trypanosoma (Herpetosoma) leeuwenhoeki, originally described in Panamanian sloths, was isolated from Didelphis marsupialis (Marsupialia) and Choloepus hoffmanni (Edentata) inhabiting the Pacific coast of Colombia. Trypanosomes were characterized by their large blood forms (total length 51-53 microns), poor infectivity for mice, and lack of development in Rhodnius prolixus. Isoenzyme studies, with either strains or clones, revealed homogeneous profiles clearly distinct from Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli reference strains. The present report extends the geographical distribution of T. leeuwenhoeki to South America and broadens its known host range to another order of mammals.
Stereotype Threat in Applied Settings Re‐Examined: A Reply

This is a rebuttal to Danaher & Crandall's (2008) rejoinder to Stricker & Ward's (2004) article. The article reports 2 field experiments concerning the effects of inquiring about gender and ethnicity on the performance of women and Black students taking operational tests. The rejoinder's conclusion (after reanalyzing our data) that several thousand more young women would pass the AP calculus test if they were not asked about their gender, thereby reducing stereotype threat, is unwarranted because of flawed estimates and extrapolations. Our findings are selectively described, distorting their overall thrust. Criticisms of our statistical analyses are debatable or incorrect. Our original conclusion appears justified: Inquiring about gender and ethnicity did not affect test performance of women or Black students.