cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
MixT: automatic generation of step-by-step mixed media tutorials

As software interfaces become more complicated, users rely on tutorials to learn, creating an increasing demand for effective tutorials. Existing tutorials, however, are limited in their presentation: Static step-by-step tutorials are easy to scan but hard to create and don't always give all of the necessary information for how to accomplish a step. In contrast, video tutorials provide very detailed information and are easy to create, but they are hard to scan as the video-player timeline does not give an overview of the entire task. We present MixT, which automatically generates mixed media tutorials that combine the strengths of these tutorial types. MixT tutorials include step-by-step text descriptions and images that are easy to scan and short videos for each step that provide additional context and detail as needed. We ground our design in a formative study that shows that mixed-media tutorials outperform both static and video tutorials.
New horizons in the management of Alzheimer disease.

Alzheimer disease remains a major disease in nursing home residents for which available medications produce minimal improvement.1e5 No drugs have been found to be effective for the prodromal phase of dementia: mild cognitive impairment (MCI).6 As has been regularly documented in your Journal, there are a number of behavioral and lifestyle approaches that can improve function and quality of life and decrease falls.7e11 This editorial reviews the more recent findings in this area and also examines some of the exciting pharmacological innovations thatmay improve cognition in the future. It is important to recognize that families and physicians commonly fail to recognize the presence of dementia.12 This has led to development of a variety of formalized tests for cognition. Of these, the most commonly used was the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), which has good sensitivity and specificity for dementia, but poor ability to recognize MCI.13,14 Using the MMSE, Ferretti et al15 found that a quarter of persons admitted to subacute care had dementia based on MMSE. Among these, 70% were newly diagnosed after admission to subacute care. The Brief Interview for Mental Status functions as well as theMMSE, and physicians need to be aware of this tool, which is included as part of the Minimum Data Set 3.0.16,17 A quick bedside screen for dementia is to ask persons their age and date of birth.18 Both the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the St. Louis University Mental Status examination are excellent for recognizing MCI as well as dementia.19e23 This is particularly important because many residents in subacute care, such as those with asthma,24 cardiovascular disease,25 and diabetes mellitus,26e28 have MCI. Where there is doubt concerning the diagnosis, video conferencing with a geriatrician or geriatric psychiatrist has been shown to be helpful.29 In addition, all residents in nursing homes should be screened for subsyndromal delirium using either the Confusion Assessment Methodology or “faces” technique.30e32 Delirium superimposed on dementia results inworse outcomes.33 The International Association of Geriatric and Gerontology nursing home initiative has stressed the importance of recognizing and providing support for all nursing home residents with cognitive dysfunction.34e36
Analysis of Electrochemical Performance of Single Step Co-fired Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) Analyzed Using Polarization Model and Impedance Spectroscopy

Anode-supported planar solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was successfully fabricated by a single step co-firing process. The cell comprised of a porous Ni + yittria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) anode support, a porous and fine-grained Ni + YSZ anode active layer, a dense YSZ electrolyte, a fine-grained porous Ca-doped LaMnO3 (LCM) + YSZ composite cathode active layer, and a porous LCM cathode current collector layer. The cell was tested between 700~800oC with humidified hydrogen (97% H2+3% H2O) as fuel and air as oxidant. The measured maximum power densities were 1.42W/cm2 at 800oC, 1.20W/cm2 at 750oC, and 0.87W/cm2 at 700oC. The cell was also tested at 800oC with various compositions of oxidant, and cell parameters including the area specific ohmic resistance, exchange current density, and anodic and cathodic limiting current densities were determined using the polarization model and impedance spectroscopy.
Silica Exposure in Anti-Neutrophil Cytoplasmic Autoantibody-Associated Glomerulonephritis and Lupus Nephritis

Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (ANCA)-associated small-vessel vasculitis (SVV) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are rare diseases with unknown causes. Silica dust exposure has been suggested to be an environmental factor that may increase the risk of developing these and other autoimmune disorders. This is a report of two case-control studies to determine whether silica dust exposure is independently associated with ANCA-SVV with glomerulonephritis and SLE nephritis. Patients were screened through a collaborative network of 225 private practice and university nephrologists (the Glomerular Disease Collaborative Network). Patients with ANCA-SVV or SLE, all with biopsy-proven renal involvement, were included. Control subjects were patients without ANCA-SVV or SLE who had been referred to the same renal clinics and were matched for gender, race, and age (within 5 yr). Exposures to silica, exposures to other environmental agents, and smoking histories were evaluated using a self-administered questionnaire. Enrollment consisted of 65 patients with ANCA-SVV and 51 patients with SLE nephritis. Silica dust exposure was reported by 46% of patients with ANCA-SVV, compared with 20% of control subjects (P = 0.001). The odds ratio of silica dust exposure was 4.4 times greater for patients with ANCA-SVV, compared with control subjects (95% confidence interval, 1.36 to 13.4; P = 0.013). The odds ratios for silica dust exposure were similar for patients with ANCA-SVV with lung or sinus vasculitis (odds ratio, 4.5; 95% confidence interval, 0.99 to 20.83; P = 0.054) and those without lung or sinus vasculitis (odds ratio, 4.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 16.24; P = 0.016). Silica dust exposure was reported by 12% of patients with SLE nephritis, compared with 25% of control subjects (P = 0.047). The odds ratio for exposure to silica dust was not statistically different for patients with SLE nephritis, compared with control subjects (odds ratio, 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 100; P = 0.993). Activities and environments known to cause high levels of exposure to silica dust were associated with ANCA-SVV but not with SLE nephritis.
Mitral regurgitation progression following isolated coronary artery bypass surgery: frequency, risk factors, and potential prevention strategies.

Background: Though de novo mitral regurgitation (MR) is frequently seen in patients who have undergone coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG), its incidence, predictors, and mechanisms are not known. Methods: Our surgical registry was screened for patients undergoing isolated CABGwhohadpreoperativeandpostoperativerestingechocardiogramsperformedatourinstitutionwith2+MRpreoperatively.Thisyielded438 patients. Progression to 3—4+ MR post-CABG was correlated with clinical, electrocardiographic, echocardiographic, and operative variables. Results:New 3—4+ MR developed in 11 (10%) of the 108 patients with no prior MR, 21 of the 180 (12%) patients with pre-CABG 1+ MR, and 37 of the 150 (25%) patients with pre-CABG 2+ MR. MR progression correlated with female gender (42% vs 27%, p = 0.01), history of renal insufficiency (12% vs 5%, p = 0.05), prior-CABG (30% vs 17%, p = 0.01), lack of beta-blocker use (19% vs 35%, p = 0.008), lower incidence of significant PDA stenosis grafted (88% vs 98%, p = 0.003), lower preoperative LVEF (42 19% vs 50 17%, p = 0.001), larger LV size (p = 0.01), pre-CABG MR grade (p = 0.0002), and pre-CABG presence of LBBB block (20% vs 4%, p < 0.0001). Independent predictors of MR progression, pre-CABG, were female gender (p = 0.002), history of renal insufficiency (p = 0.05), lack of beta-blocker use (p = 0.006), MR grade (p = 0.02), and presence of LBBB (p = 0.005). Conclusion: Development of significant MR following isolated CABG is common and may be related to incomplete myocardium revascularization, especially in the PDA area and LV remodeling. Preoperative, beta-blocker use may be protective against its development. # 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
The Association of Alcohol Severity and Sleep Quality in Problem Drinkers

Aims: The association between alcohol use and sleep problems is well established and clinically meaningful, particularly as predictors of relapse. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between sleep disturbances and alcohol problems in a non-treatment-seeking community sample using an alcoholism problem severity factor. Methods: Participants were problem drinkers (N = 295) from the Los Angeles community who had a breath alcohol content (BrAC) of 0.00 g/dl when they completed an in-person assessment battery comprised of measures of sleep quality, anxiety and depression, cigarette smoking, as well as multiple assessments of alcohol use and alcohol use problems. Results: A series of hierarchical regressions showed that alcohol problem severity explained a significant amount of variance in sleep disturbance beyond demographic, mood and smoking variables. Alcohol problem severity was predictive of the PSQI global score (B= 1.11, P< 0.001), perceived sleep quality factor (B= 0.18, P< 0.001) and daily disturbance factor (B = 0.28, P < 0.001). However, contrary to study hypothesis, alcohol problem severity was predictive of improved sleep efficiency (B= −0.14, P< 0.05). Conclusions: In sum, alcohol problem severity may be predictive of sleep disturbances. Given the complex nature of these relationships, further work is needed to develop adequate treatment for sleep disturbance during alcohol recovery. Nonetheless, this study suggests that as alcohol problem severity increases so do sleep problems. Thus, attending to sleep problems at earlystages of alcohol problems may be warranted.
The Feichtinger Conjecture for Wavelet Frames, Gabor Frames and Frames of Translates

The Feichtinger conjecture is considered for three special families of frames. It is shown that if a wavelet frame satisfies a certain weak regularity condition, then it can be written as the finite union of Riesz basic sequences each of which is a wavelet system. Moreover, the above is not true for general wavelet frames. It is also shown that a sup-adjoint Gabor frame can be written as the finite union of Riesz basic sequences. Finally, we show how existing techniques can be applied to determine whether frames of translates can be written as the finite union of Riesz basic sequences. We end by giving an example of a frame of translates such that any Riesz basic subsequence must consist of highly irregular translates.
Exploring SW performance using preemptive RTOS models

With increasing SW content of modern SoC designs, modeling of embedded SW has become critical. For one, analyzing software performance early in the system design flow is now paramount to an efficient implementation. Previous work addressed performance modeling with timing annotated functional models and exposed dynamic scheduling effects with behavioral RTOS models. However, such models insufficiently capture preemption as their cooperative decision making is dependent on the timing annotation granularity. In addition to capturing dynamic scheduling, modeling system overhead (e.g. for context switches) becomes essential for guiding developers when deciding the granularity of multitasking applications. In this paper, we introduce two means to improve accuracy of SW performance modeling: a preemptive RTOS model, and the modeling of system overhead. Our experimental results on multimedia applications significant accuracy improvements when analyzing interrupt latency distribution (within 8% for average and 50th percentile), and modeling systems with high system overhead (less than 10% error). Our model extensions provide improved simulation accuracy and therefore better aid the design space exploration.
Small-angle X-ray study of the three-dimensional collagen/mineral superstructure in intramuscular fish bone

Synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) was conducted on native intramuscular shad/herring bone samples. Two-dimensional SAXS patterns were quantitatively analyzed with special consideration for preferred orientation effects, leading to new insights into the three-dimensional superstructure of mineralized collagen fibrils in shad/herring bone.
Fiber-birefringence tuning technique for an erbium-doped fiber ring laser

A method of tuning fiber lasers is described and demonstrated. The state of polarization in the fiber is controlled using the strain-induced birefringence of several fiber coils. The fiber laser was tuned over a 33-nm tuning range by rotating a single fiber-coil halfwave plate. >
Seasonal variations in the binding of [3H]paroxetine to the platelet serotonin transporter sites in African-American cocaine-dependent patients and healthy volunteers

Although seasonal fluctuations in several indices of serotonin function have been described, little is known about seasonality and serotonergic activity in substance abusers. We investigated whether there were seasonal differences in platelet serotonin transporter sites among cocaine dependent patients and controls. Platelet [(3)H]paroxetine binding, a measure of serotonin transporter sites, was assayed in 141 African-American cocaine-dependent subjects and in 60 race matched healthy volunteers who served as the control group. B(max) (density of serotonin transporter) and K(d) (affinity constant) values of [(3)H]paroxetine binding were compared during spring, summer, fall and winter. Consistent with our previous findings B(max) values were significantly lower in cocaine patients (639 +/- 234) than in controls (906 +/- 225) (t = 7.12, p < 0.001). Moreover, B(max) values showed a significant seasonal variation in controls with the highest values in summer and spring compared with fall and winter (F = 4.47, p < 0.01). However, there were no significant seasonal differences in B(max) values in cocaine patients. K(d) values did not show any seasonal changes in either group. There were no effects of age or gender on seasonal variations in B(max). The study demonstrates a seasonal effect on platelet serotonin uptake in healthy African-American volunteers. The lack of seasonal differences in transporter availability in cocaine patients indicates that the normal seasonal rhythm of serotonergic activity may be disturbed in cocaine abusers. Biological studies that employ platelet serotonin transporter sites as a marker of serotonin function should consider seasonal variations in these markers as a potential source of variance.
Identifying Predictors of Success for an Objects-First CS1.

The paper reports on an examination of predictors of success for an objects-first course. The predictors considered included prior programming experience, mathematical ability, academic and psychological variables, gender, and measures of student effort. Cognitive and academic factors such as SAT scores and critical thinking ability offered little predictive value when compared to the other predictors of success. Student effort and comfort level were found to be the strongest predictors of success.
The historical assembly of continental biotas: Late Quaternary range‐shifting, areas of endemism, and bio‐geographic structure in the North American mammal fauna

A controversial question in biogeography and ecology involves the extent to which vicariance and dispersal interact to determine the structure of continental biotic assemblages, Accumulating evidence of” distributional changes during the past 40 000 yr (Late Quaternary) has suggested to ecologists that changes in geographic ranges during the Pleistocene were of sufficient magnitude to erode prior associations between earth and biotic evolution in continental biotas. This paper first argues that this question can only he addressed by examining the magnitude of Late Quaternary range-shifting at the spatial scale established within the framework of historical historical geography (e.g., areas of endemism) rather than that of ecology (e.g., local community assemblages); and second reassesses patterns of range-shifting in the FAUNMAP data base recording Late Quaternary distributions of North American mammals. At the scale of geo-morphological provinces. North American rodents have exhibited highly stable distributions during this time frame, suggesting that previous inferences drawn from analyses of stability at a local community scale are not relevant to questions of congruence between earth and biotic history at regional or continental scales, A comprehensive understanding of processes underlying the assembly of continental biotas still requires incorporation of biogeographic patterns developed well before episodes of Late Quaternary climatic turbulence.
An analysis of choice making in the assessment of young children with severe behavior problems

We examined how positive and negative reinforcement influenced time allocation, occurrence of problem behavior, and completion of parent instructions during a concurrent choice assessment with 2 preschool-aged children who displayed severe problem behavior in their homes. The children were given a series of concurrent choice options that varied availability of parent attention, access to preferred toys, and presentation of parent instructions. The results showed that both children consistently allocated their time to choice areas that included parent attention when no instructions were presented. When parent attention choice areas included the presentation of instructions, the children displayed differential patterns of behavior that appeared to be influenced by the presence or absence of preferred toys. The results extended previous applications of reinforcer assessment procedures by analyzing the relative influence of both positive and negative reinforcement within a concurrent-operants paradigm.
Non-Nutritive Sweeteners and Obesity

Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) provide sweetness to foods and beverages without adding calories. They have thus been found useful in minimizing the dietary sugar content of diabetics and the dietary energy content of individuals attempting to lose or maintain body weight. Their usefulness in weight reduction has recently been questioned, however, based on the notion that they can actually increase hunger and food intake and thereby promote weight gain. The evidence offered in support of this idea comes principally from the fields of taste physiology, metabolic endocrinology, human behavior, and epidemiology. This review evaluates this evidence and does not find it compelling. Indeed, the most straightforward findings to the contrary derive from several intervention studies in both children and adults showing that the chronic, covert replacement of dietary sugar with NNSs does not increase, and can in fact reduce, energy intake and body weight.
Comparative study: Replens versus local estrogen in menopausal women

This was an open-label study comparing effects of a nonhormonal drug-free bioadhesive vaginal moisturizer to a local estrogen therapy in the treatment of vaginal dryness symptoms. There were 15 women evaluated in each treatment group during a 12-week period. Results indicated that the bioadhesive vaginal moisturizer was a safe and effective alternative to estrogen vaginal cream, with both therapies exhibiting statistically significant increases in vaginal moisture, vaginal fluid volume, and vaginal elasticity with a return of the premenopausal pH state.
Using an External Exposome Framework to Examine Pregnancy-Related Morbidities and Mortalities: Implications for Health Disparities Research

Objective: We have conducted a study to assess the role of environment on the burden of maternal morbidities and mortalities among women using an external exposome approach for the purpose of developing targeted public health interventions to decrease disparities. Methods: We identified counties in the 48 contiguous USA where observed low birthweight (LBW) rates were higher than expected during a five-year study period. The identification was conducted using a retrospective space-time analysis scan for statistically significant clusters with high or low rates by a Discrete Poisson Model. Results: We observed statistically significant associations of LBW rate with a set of predictive variables. However, in one of the two spatiotemporal models we discovered LBW to be associated with five predictive variables (teen birth rate, adult obesity, uninsured adults, physically unhealthy days, and percent of adults who smoke) in two counties situated in Alabama after adjusting for location changes. Counties with higher than expected LBW rates were similarly associated with two environmental variables (ozone and fine particulate matter). Conclusions: The county-level predictive measures of LBW offer new insights into spatiotemporal patterns relative to key contributory factors. An external framework provides a promising place-based approach for identifying “hotspots” with implications for designing targeted interventions and control measures to reduce and eliminate health disparities.
New 169 Tm Mössbauer Source

ALTHOUGH the lanthanides are rich in Mossbauer isotopes, only a few Mossbauer studies of lanthanide compounds have been reported. This is especially true for thulium compounds, for which there have been several difficulties. First, the relatively short half-life (t1/2 = 3.9 ns) of the Mossbauer (+3/2) excited state gives a minimum observable width of 8.340 mm/s; second, the sources used contain 169Er as the fluoride or oxide and have to be heated to 550 K and 800 K, respectively, to give an unsplit line.
Religion, Feminism and Abortion: The Regulation of Assisted Reproduction in Two Catholic Countries

Perspectives on abortion and religious values have been two primary influences on the development of the various regulatory regimes that govern assisted reproduction around the world. This article examines why two countries with similar histories of allegiance to Roman Catholicism have developed highly divergent legal regimes to regulate assisted reproduction. Italy has enacted one of the most restrictive regimes known, Spain one of the most permissive. The comparative analysis employed here will afford insight into how the development of legislative responses to assisted reproduction correlate with religious commitments, feminist sentiment and the regulation of abortion. This article concludes with a discussion of what implications its analysis might have for the regulation of the infertility industry in the United States.
Structure and Function of the Mammalian Epidermis

Mammals are covered by the epidermis, consisting of a soft inner portion, called the Malpighian layer, and a hardened outer cornified portion. The inner part maintains the tissue by proliferation and differentiation of its cellular components, the outer part protects the organism from the environment. On the surface of the epidermis inscriptions occur forming characteristic ridges and sulci (Fig. 1). The inner surface may be smooth or rough, forming branching ridges and mounds enclosing valleys and craters (Montagna and Parakkal 1974). Thus the architecture of the epidermis varies from site to site in relation to its surface and undersurface structures. In general the epidermis is thicker over glabrous skin than over hairy skin, it is thickest on the palm, sole, paw, muzzle and tail. In man its thickness varies from 0.8 to 1.4 mm. The epidermis merges with mucous epithelia of the eye, nose, ear, mouth, rectum and genitalia and its continuity is interrupted by appendages of the skin.
Dialectical Retributivism: Why Apologetic Offenders Deserve Reductions in Punishment Even Under Retributive Theories

This paper makes the counterintuitive argument that apologetic offenders in both criminal and noncriminal contexts deserve reductions in punishment even according to retributive theories of justice. I argue here that accounting for post-offense apologetic meanings can make retributivism more fair and consistent much in the same way that considering pre-offense behavior such as culpable mental states like premeditation provide a more holistic and accurate view of the badness of the offense at issue. On my view, retributivists should endorse the general principle that categorically apologetic offenders deserve less punishment because certain kinds of contrition can revise the very nature of the offense and thereby make it less bad and deserving of less punishment. This claim is symmetrical with the popular view that unapologetic or remorseless offenders deserve more punishment.
SEADS: A modifiable platform for real time monitoring of residential appliance energy consumption

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) is the identification of individual electrical loads from aggregate power measurements. Application of NILM in residential settings has been hampered by limited data availability. Utility billing smart meters provide very sparse (time) sampling of energy use, yielding data that is not adequate for quantifying fundamental harmonics of the waveform. For research in NILM, there is an obvious need for a low-cost sensor system to collect energy data with fast sampling and with significant precision. SEADS (Smart Energy Analytic Disaggregation System) provides a powerful and flexible system, supporting user configuration of sampling rates and amplitude resolution up to 65KHz and up to 24 bits respectively. The SEADS internal processor is capable of implementing NILM algorithms in real time on the sampled measurements.
Simulation of Direct Steam Power Tower Concentrated Solar Plant

Power tower concentrated solar plants have the potential to reach temperatures higher than those achievable by a parabolic trough plant. These higher temperatures allow for greater power cycle efficiencies and therefore make power towers an attractive option and a growing topic of research. One common design is to pump water through the tower such that it boils and returns to the power cycle as saturated or superheated vapor. One option to increase power cycle efficiency for a direct steam system is to send the steam exiting the high pressure turbine through a committed reheat receiver section and then through a low pressure turbine.This paper details a new semi-empirical, first-principles thermal model of a direct steam receiver consisting of dedicated boiler, superheater, and reheater sections. This thermal model — integrated with a regression power cycle model and a heliostat field model in SAM — is used to simulate the performance of a direct steam power tower concentrated solar plant and the analysis results are presented.© 2012 ASME
Formation of Carboxylic Acid Nanorods on Oleylamide-Capped Au Nanoparticles

This paper describes nanorod formation induced by nanoparticle seeds. Carboxylic acids self-assemble on graphite into an epitaxial pattern. However, this persistent pattern is changed into nanorods by nanoparticles. Two control parameters have been identified, including nucleus/substrate contact angle and seed-to-critical nucleus size ratio. Effective carboxylic chain length and nanoparticle size range are identified, which can be related to the seed size effect. Some nanorods are detached when methyl-terminated nanoparticles are used, and the percentage of detached nanorods increases with increasing carbon chain length. In contrast, the nanorods do not detach from carboxyl-terminated nanoparticles. This study offers direct experimental evidence to molecular simulation prediction that nuclei display a confined morphology on a highly curved seed surface due to the difficulty of maintaining an unstrained structure and they readily detach from the surface during heterogeneous crystal nucleation. This study c...
The comparative study of cognitive function posttraumatic stress disorder and heroine dependent patients

Objective To explore the cognitive function of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)and her- oine dependent patients.Methods All of the subjects were assessed by YWG neuropsychological training system and Wisconsin Card Sorting test(WCST).Results In the tests the points of PTSD,heroine dependence and con- trol group in the unilateral cerebral function response time by order were 849±325,821±263,497±198,Chinese character memory response time 4521±1676,3955±1485,533±148,the place error times of space memory 1.47±0.76,1.38±0.82,0.82±0.39,the total finished number of WCST 124.53±8.15,121.65±9.68,106.81±21.87,the number of right answers 58.66±13.29,54.55±19.52,75.57±21.07,the number of finished sorts 2.89±2.11,2.99±1.96,4.10±1.21.There were no differences between the PTSD group and heroine depend- ent group,while they both had significant difference compared with the control group.Conclusion PTSD and heroin dependent patients both existed extent cognitive function impairs,which maybe had the same biological and psychological mechanisms.
Residual spray effect of deltamethrin on Blattella germanica and its relationship with kdr mutation

Objective To determine the residual spray effect of deltamethrin on German cockroach (Blattella germanica) and the potential relationship between the kdr mutation and the resistance. Methods The resistance ratio of the two field strain B. germanica to deltamethrin was detected by residual contact (glass jar). The forced contact test was conducted to detect the residual spray effect on 3 representative panels of glass, painted wood and cement. The kdr genotype was determined by sequencing. Results The knockdown rate decreased with the increase in the surface water absorption, with the duration of efficacy shortened. The killing effect of the insecticide varied with the resistance status of different strains. The 3 panels were all able to kill the susceptible and low resistance strains effectively, but had no reliable effect on the strain with moderate resistance. Low and moderate resistant field strains that were tolerant to deltamethrin all had the kdr genotype, with the former having a relatively high frequency of heterozygosis genotype (RS), the latter relatively high in the homozygosis genotype (RR). Conclusion B. germanica resistance to deltamethrin residual spray was closely related to the kdr genotypes. Incorrect use of insecticide may result in the increase of kdr genotype frequency, so frequency and dosage need to be adjusted based on the environment types, the target resistance and the insecticide history with residual spray management combined with toxic or gel bait to achieve the ideal control effect.
Case Studies Using Solid-State Pores

Biological nanopores have been widely used for studying DNA and RNA translocations, protein binding and many other interesting applications as discussed in Chapter 5; however, the pores and the lipid bilayer in which they are suspended suffer from limitations like fixed pore diameter and length, mechanical instability and can operate over very limited ranges of pH and voltages. These limitations of biological nanopores have been addressed by the use of solid-state nanopores which are artificially drilled holes in silicon nitride (or silicon oxide, or graphene) membranes. The solid state technology makes it possible to fabricate robust nanopores with variable pore dimensions (discussed in Chapter 6) which can be used over a much wider range of experimental conditions. These solid state pores have perfectly complemented the biological nanopores for single molecule detection and analysis by expanding the experimental repertoire; and by incorporating new electrical and/or optical detection strategies. This chapter will focus on various applications for which solid state nanopores have been used. We will start with DNA and RNA translocations and then move to DNA unzipping, optical detection, DNA sequencing and finally end with protein analysis using the solid state nanopores.
Performance of the ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker with cosmic rays and first high energy collisions at the LHC

The ATLAS Transition Radiation Tracker (TRT) is the outermost of the three sub-systems of the ATLAS Inner Detector at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. It consists of close to 300000 thin-walled drift tubes (straws) providing on average 30 two-dimensional space points with 130 μm resolution for charged particle tracks with |η| T > 0.5 GeV. Along with continuous tracking, it provides particle identification through the detection of transition radiation x-ray photons generated by high velocity particles in the many polymer fibers or films that fill the spaces between the straws. The custom-designed radiation-hard front-end electronics implements two thresholds to discriminate the signals: a low threshold (∼ 300 eV) for registering the passage of charged particles, and a high threshold (∼6 keV) to flag the absorption of transition radiation x-rays. The TRT was successfully commissioned with data collected from several million cosmic ray muons. A special Fast-OR signal from the front-end ASICs was utilized to build a level 1 trigger for cosmic rays traversing the ATLAS Inner Detector which allowed other ATLAS sub-detectors and level 1 triggers to align their timing. The very good timing properties of the TRT detector helped discriminate proton-proton collisions from beam background. This proceeding will describe the operational experiences gained with the ATLAS TRT detector during the commissioning with cosmic rays, and will highlight the excellent performance for charged particle tracking and electron identification based on transition radiation obtained from the first proton-proton collision data at 900 GeV and 7 TeV center-of-mass energy.
Graphics processing with the 88110 RISC microprocessor

The author presents details of the instructions and data types provided by the 88110's graphics unit. She also gives several graphics processing examples using both floating point and graphics instructions to achieve high performance. She points out that the 88110 combines sustained high performance general processor, graphics support, and floating point performance together on one chip. The graphics unit is flexible in supporting floating point, fixed point, and packed pixels. Pixel packing and unpacking are supported for manipulation of color intensity data types and packed pixel data types. A compare instruction can perform two Z-buffer compares in parallel. Pixel multiply is supported for compositing images together. A pixel rotate and all the other bit field instructions supported by the 88000 architecture provide a powerful means of manipulating data. The 88110 also maintains high bus bandwidth and has on chip multiprocessor support. All of these features combined make the 88110 well suited for central processing and graphics processing. This can eliminate the need for a secondary processor in a graphics system. >
Should procedural skills be a part of the Acute Care Nurse Practitioner curriculum

Invasive procedures are an integral component of the time sensitive management of the acute and critically ill patients. Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (ACNP) students aspiring to be employed in their roles in the acute care settings cannot be autonomous in their practices unless they have a minimum level of proficiency to perform life sustaining invasive procedures. Offering additional level of benefits of safety and quality in healthcare, simulation as a teaching method has grown in popularity among various levels of education among variety of disciplines. Therefore, offering this opportunity to ACNP students in a controlled environment of simulation laboratory can be a win-win for the practitioner, the consumer as well as the health care industry at large. The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the importance of the role of simulation as a teaching method for invasive procedures such as Central Venous Catheterization (CVC), Arterial Catheters (AC), Thoracentesis, Paracentesis, Lumbar Puncture (LP), and Endotracheal intubation for ACNPs. One such simulation program was launched for teaching ACNP students the CVCs and ACs under ultrasound guidance. The launch of the program was overwhelmingly effective and the results of the survey of participating students showed significant improvement in their knowledge, skills and attitudes.
Inhibition of Factor XIIa-Mediated Factor XI Activation Reduces Infarct Size in a Mouse Model of Myocardial Ischemia and Reperfusion

Abstract The role of the intrinsic coagulation pathway in acute myocardial infarction is poorly defined. Both coagulation factors XII (FXII) and XI (FXI) support experimental thrombus propagation in animals. Additionally, humans with FXI deficiency have a lower incidence of thrombosis and stroke, however no such association has been established for FXII. Curiously, the incidence of previously verified myocardial infarction (MI) among 96 surviving FXI deficient subjects that were interviewed in an epidemiologic study was found to be similar to or possibly even higher than the recorded incidence of MI in an age/sex matched dataset from morbidity/mortality statistics of the general Israeli population (Salomon et al. J Thromb Haemost. 2003;1:658). However, the outcome of these coronary events were not reported, except for the fact that all interviewed FXI subjects were alive at the time of the interview. To investigate the contribution of FXI activation by FXIIa in experimental MI, we used a standard mouse model of acute myocardial ischemia (AMI). To inhibit FXI in the mouse, we utilized our monoclonal antibody (14E11) that targets the Apple 2 domain of FXI, and has been shown in vitro to inhibit the activation of FXI by factor XIIa, while not significantly inhibiting activation of FXI by thrombin. To evaluate the efficacy of 14E11 in reducing ischemic injury in mice, the left coronary artery (LCA) of wildtype male mice was reversibly ligated for 40 min, and 14E11 (1 mg/kg; iv) or vehicle was infused during the last 15 min of occlusion. Occlusion was confirmed by sustained S-T elevation, regional cyanosis and wall motion abnormalities. Following occlusion, the ligature was removed and the heart reperfused for 2 hr. To delineate the area of risk and ischemia, the LCA was re-occluded at 2 hr post-reperfusion and fluorescent polymers infused into the apex of the heart. The heart was excised, cut into 1 mm thick transverse slices and photographed under UV light to identify the area at risk. Tissue sections were additionally stained with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride solution and infarcted areas evaluated via morphometric analysis. The area at risk was evaluated as the percent of total heart volume and infarct size was calculated as the percentage of area at risk. Our results indicated that the area of risk did not differ between treatment groups, however treatment with 14E11 reduced infarct volume by 33% (p Download : Download high-res image (62KB) Download : Download full-size image Figure 1 . Disclosures Lorentz: Aronora, Inc: Employment. Verbout: Aronora, Inc: Employment. Tucker: Aronora, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees. Gruber: Aronora, Inc: Employment, Equity Ownership, Membership on an entity’s Board of Directors or advisory committees.
The effects of Mn concentration on the tribocorrosion resistance of Al–Mn alloys

Abstract An increase in the complexity and severity of service conditions demands improvements in the design of new engineering materials that are resistant to the effects of tribocorrosion. Unfortunately, there is typically a tradeoff between wear and corrosion resistance, even for important passive metals such as Al alloys. In this work, it was shown that alloying Al with Mn in supersaturated solid solution simultaneously increased the wear resistance of the Al as well as the protectiveness of the passive layer, thus improving the overall tribocorrosion resistance. Specifically, the effects of Mn alloying on the tribocorrosion behavior of magnetron-sputtered Al- Mn thin films with 5.2 at% and 20.5 at% Mn were investigated in a 0.6 M NaCl aqueous solution. Tribocorrosion resistance was found to be strongly affected by the alloying concentration and applied potential. Higher Mn content increased the ratio of hardness to elastic modulus (H/E) and promoted the formation of denser and more compact passive film, hence improving tribocorrosion resistance of Al. In particular, alloying with 20.5 at% Mn led to an increase of the corrosion resistance by ~10 times and the hardness by ~8 times compared to pure Al. The total material loss during tribocorrosion was found to increase with the anodic shift of the applied potential. A galvanic cell model was used to investigate the depassivation-repassivation kinetics during tribocorrosion. It was found that alloying with 5.2 at% Mn led to more than 10-fold reduction in the current density required to re-passivate similar worn areas of pure Al. Finally, the origin of wear-corrosion synergy was discussed based on these observations.
A confucian look at internet censorship in China

China’s Internet censorship practices are sophisticated and pervasive. Academic research and media reports have examined the Chinese government’s varied, expansive methods of censorship and Chinese citizens’ techniques of subverting them, but little attention has been paid to understanding how Chinese citizens think about censorship in their everyday lives. We conducted a qualitative study of Chinese mainland citizens who circumvented censorship. We found seemingly contradictory attitudes and practices among our participants. They showed proficiency at bypassing censorship, but were sometimes comfortable with censored information. They were willing to share sensitive information with others, but saw the benefits of limiting the public’s access to information under certain circumstances. We examine how the complex, nuanced attitudes toward censorship resonate with the classic teachings of Confucianism, China’s traditional philosophical and ethical system.
Measurement of Wavelength and Temperature-Dependent Optical Properties of Thermochromic Pigments.

Thermochromic material is a substance that is capable of changing reversibly the color as the temperature rises. Therefore, the optical spectrum of thermochromic material is responsive to the environmental temperature. In this study, the temperature-dependent optical constants of thermochromic pigments over the wavelength of 350-1800 nm were investigated. Three kinds of thermochromic pigments featured with black, blue, and red colors at room temperature were suspended in water and the light reflection and transmission of the suspensions at different temperatures were measured by a multifunctional spectrophotometer. It was found that below the transition temperature of thermochromic material, the refractive index was 2.1-2.5, 2.2-2.6, and 2.0-2.4 over the wavelength range of 350-1800 nm for black, blue, and red thermochromic pigment, respectively, while above the transition temperature it reached 2.3-2.7, 2.4-2.9, and 2.4-2.7, respectively. It was also observed that the relationship between refractive index of thermochromic pigment and wavelength follows the cubic polynomial function. Furthermore, the extinction coefficient is in the range of 1 × 10-5-1.2 × 10-4 for all thermochromic pigments and remains approximately stable at different temperatures. The determination of optical constants of thermochromic pigments provides essential parameters in the modeling of light scattering and absorption by pigment particles to further fine-tune the optical properties of thermochromic coating.
Intraoperative Doppler sonogram in pediatric liver transplants: a pictorial review of intraoperative and early postoperative complications

A spectrum of vascular complications can be seen in pediatric liver transplant patients, including occlusion and hemodynamically significant narrowing of the vessels that provide inflow to or outflow from the graft. Intraoperative Doppler ultrasound (US) has the potential benefit of identifying vascular complications in pediatric liver transplant patients prior to abdominal closure. Importantly, intraoperative Doppler US can be used as a problem-solving tool in situations such as position-dependent kinking of the portal or hepatic veins, or in suspected vasospasm of the hepatic artery. Furthermore, this technique can be used for real-time reassessment after surgical correction of vascular complications. This pictorial review of intraoperative Doppler US in pediatric liver transplant patients illustrates normal findings and common vascular complications, including examples after surgical correction, in the perioperative period.
Unusual Presentations of Gynecologic Tumors: Primary, Extrauterine, Low-Grade Endometrioid Stromal Sarcoma.

Context.— Low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, when uterine in location, are relatively easy to diagnose because of characteristic morphology and patterns of myometrial invasion. However, when they occur at extrauterine sites, they fall under the broad umbrella of small round blue cell tumors, making diagnosis challenging, especially when they have variant morphologic features and lack the characteristic pattern of invasion. Objectives.— To provide an insight into the sites of occurrence of low-grade endometrioid stromal sarcomas, the variant morphologic patterns, clues to diagnosis, and the usefulness of immunohistochemistry as an aid to facilitate correct diagnosis. The outcome of these tumors, in comparison with their uterine counterpart, is also discussed. Data Sources.— Existing peer-reviewed literature was reviewed. Conclusions.— Low-grade endometrioid stromal sarcoma is an uncommon neoplasm that can be misdiagnosed because of its rarity, unusual location, and presence of numerous variant histolo...
Detecting Anomalous Faces with 'No Peeking' Autoencoders.

Detecting anomalous faces has important applications. For example, a system might tell when a train driver is incapacitated by a medical event, and assist in adopting a safe recovery strategy. These applications are demanding, because they require accurate detection of rare anomalies that may be seen only at runtime. Such a setting causes supervised methods to perform poorly. We describe a method for detecting an anomalous face image that meets these requirements. We construct a feature vector that reliably has large entries for anomalous images, then use various simple unsupervised methods to score the image based on the feature. Obvious constructions (autoencoder codes; autoencoder residuals) are defeated by a 'peeking' behavior in autoencoders. Our feature construction removes rectangular patches from the image, predicts the likely content of the patch conditioned on the rest of the image using a specially trained autoencoder, then compares the result to the image. High scores suggest that the patch was difficult for an autoencoder to predict, and so is likely anomalous. We demonstrate that our method can identify real anomalous face images in pools of typical images, taken from celeb-A, that is much larger than usual in state-of-the-art experiments. A control experiment based on our method with another set of normal celebrity images - a 'typical set', but nonceleb-A are not identified as anomalous; confirms this is not due to special properties of celeb-A.