cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lower crustal variability and the crust/mantle transition at the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex

[1] Seismic refraction data provide new constraints on the structure of the lower oceanic crust and its variability across the Atlantis Massif oceanic core complex, ∼30°N on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A 40 km-long spreading-parallel profile constrains P-wave velocities to depths of up to ∼7 km beneath the seafloor. Two shorter spreading-perpendicular lines provide coverage to ∼2 km depth. The anomalous character of the massif's central dome crust is clear compared to the neighboring rift valley and similar-age crust on the opposite ridge flank. The domal core of the massif, unroofed via detachment faulting, has velocities >7.0 km/s at depths below ∼2.5 km sub-seafloor, increasing to 7.5–7.8 km/s over the depth range 4.8–6.8 km. Within the core complex, the Moho does not appear to be sharp as no PmP arrivals are observed. Within the axial valley, velocities do not reach mantle-transition zone values in the uppermost 6 km. We infer that crust there is of normal thickness but that a thinner than average mafic section is present in the central massif. Near IODP Hole U1309D, located on the central dome, there is a low velocity gradient interval at 1–3 km depth with velocities of 6.6–6.8 km/s, that coincides with a 3–5 km wide region where shallower velocities are highest. Given the predominantly gabbroic section recovered from the 1.4 km deep drillhole, this seismic structure suggests that the mafic body extends a few km both laterally and vertically.
The effects of self-generated and applied magnetic fields on the computation of flow over a Mars return aerobrake

A CFD technique is developed to calculate the electromagnetic phenomena simultaneously with the fluid flow in the shock layer over an axisymmetric blunt body in a thermal-equilibrium chemical-nonequilibrium environment. The flowfield is solved using an explicit time-marching, first-order spatially accurate scheme. The electromagnetic phenomena are coupled to the real-gas flow solver through an iterative procedure. The electromagnetic terms introduce a strong stiffness, which was overcome by using significantly smaller time steps for the electromagnetic conservation equation. The technique is applied in calculating the flow over a Mars return aerobrake vehicle entering the Earth's atmosphere. For the case where no external field is applied, the electromagnetic effects have little impact on the flowfield.
Parameter of K Meson Mixing and Non-Abelian Anomaly

The amplitude of K meson mixing is calculated. Pseudo-Goldstone fields are considered as phases of γ5 transformation of quark fields. A formalism for description of K and π mesons in this approach is given. The amplitude is expressed in terms of matrix elements and . It is shown that there is a relation between and . This relation is in good agreement with known values for amplitudes. The result for the parameter of K meson mixing is . From general consideration it is shown that the correction to the vacuum factorization hypothesis must be positive.
A study of metal concentrations in relation to gill color and pathology in the rock crab

Gills of adult rock crabs,Cancer irroratus Say, collected near a sewage disposal site in the New York Bight apex were analyzed for copper, lead, cadmium, and silver. One gill from each animal was processed for histologic study to document pathological conditions within the tissues, and the presence or absence of fouling organisms on gill surfaces. Comparisons are made between metal concentrations in rock crab gills and published data on crustaceans from other locations.
Exploring the Association of Homicides in Northern Mexico and Healthcare Access for US Residents

Many legal residents in the United States (US)–Mexico border region cross from the US into Mexico for medical treatment and pharmaceuticals. We analyzed whether recent increases in homicides in Mexico are associated with reduced healthcare access for US border residents. We used data on healthcare access, legal entries to the US from Mexico, and Mexican homicide rates (2002–2010). Poisson regression models estimated associations between homicide rates and total legal US entries. Multivariate difference-in-difference linear probability models evaluated associations between Mexican homicide rates and self-reported measures of healthcare access for US residents. Increased homicide rates were associated with decreased legal entries to the US from Mexico. Contrary to expectations, homicides did not have significant associations with healthcare access measures for legal residents in US border counties. Despite a decrease in border crossings, increased violence in Mexico did not appear to negatively affect healthcare access for US border residents.
Rapid-Quench Mixing and Use of Fast Footprinting to Characterize DNA Opening in the Late Steps of Open Complex Formation at λPR by E. coli RNA Polymerase

The precise mechanism by which multi-subunit, DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RNAP) recognize promoter DNA and form stable, transcriptionally-competent open complexes (RPo) remains elusive. Chemical and enzymatic footprints of early intermediates and RPo provide detailed pictures of the DNA in these initial and final complexes in transcription initiation. We have recently discovered that the start site for transcription (+1) remains double-stranded when it is first loaded into the active site channel of E. coli RNAP at the λ phage PR promoter (Davis et al. PNAS, 2007). These experiments reveal unambiguously that opening of the transcription bubble occurs subsequently in the “jaws” of RNAP as RNAP actively destabilizes the duplex. To probe whether opening of ∼14 bp of DNA occurs in stages or is “all or none” we are using the perturbants urea and KCl to destabilize RPo and populate late transcription initiation intermediates. Analysis of the dissociation kinetics over a range of urea and KCl concentrations provides evidence for two transient intermediates in the DNA opening process. Using KMnO4 footprinting we are probing the extent of DNA opening in these intermediates under these conditions. Results from these novel rapid (millisecond) footprinting experiments and the implications for the mechanism of promoter opening will be presented.
Characterization and delineation of plumes, clouds, and fires in hyperspectral images

Two approaches, one for discriminating features in a set of AVIRIS scenes dominated by areas of smoke, plumes, clouds and burning grassland as well as scarred (burned) areas and another for identifying those features are presented here. A semiautomated feature extraction approach using principal components analysis was used to separate the scenes into feature classes. Typically, only 3 component images were used to classify the image. A physics-based approach which utilized the spectral diversity of the features in the image was used to identify the nature of the classes produced in the component analysis. The results from this study show how the two approaches can be used in unison to fully characterize a smoke or cloud-filled scene.
Cardiovascular responses to stress: II. Relationships to aerobic exercise patterns.

A sample of 174 men aged 18–22 years were divided into thirds based on self-reported levels of weekly aerobic exercise. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and pre-ejection period responses of these low, moderate, and high exercise groups were compared during a pretask rest and a later acclimated rest, a bicycle exercise task, a purported shock-avoidance reaction time task, and the cold pressor test. The low exercise subjects showed higher heart rates and marginally higher diastolic blood pressures than the high exercise subjects at rest. The low exercise subjects also showed greater myocardial responses to the mild exercise task and the reaction time task than the high exercise subjects, as reflected by group differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and pre ejection period measures after covariance adjustment for baseline differences. Group differences observed in response to the cold pressor test were smaller and generally nonsignificant. These results were interpreted as evidence that aerobic exercise training may decrease beta-adrenergic myocardial responses to physical and behavioral challenges.
Treatment of para‐aortic nodes in carcinoma of the cervix

Thirty-six cases of carcinoma of the cervix with positive pelvic or para-aortic nodesdiagnosed by lymph node scan, lymphangiogram, and/or biopsy have received radiation therapy to the para-aortic nodal area at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Megavoltage radiation delivering a tumor dose of approximately 5000 rads in 5 weekshas been used. Of 26 patients avaiable for foloowup for 2 years, 11 were alive; of 8 followed for 5 years, 4 were alive. The severe complication rate was 19.5%, with a 5.5% mortality. Conclusions an- implications for further therapy are discussed.
Sodiummetal chloride battery research at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)

Sodiummetal chloride batteries have certain distinct advantages over sodiumsulfur batteries such as increased safety, inherent overcharge capability and lower operating temperatures. Two systems, i.e. Na/FeCl2 and Na/NiCl2 were developed extensively elsewhere and evaluated for various applications including electric vehicles and space. Their performance has been very encouraging and prompted a detailed fundamental study on these cathodes here at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. A brief review of our studies on these new cathode materials is presented here. The initial efforts focussed on the methods of fabrication of the electrodes and their electrochemical characterization. Subsequent studies were aimed at establishing the reaction mechanism, determining the kinetics and identifying the rate-limiting processes in the reduction of metal chloride cathodes. Nickel chloride emerged from these studies as the most promising candidate material and was taken up for further detailed study on its passivation — a rate limiting process — under different experimental conditions. Also, the feasibility of using copper chloride, which is expected to have higher energy density, has been assessed. Based on the criteria established from the voltammetric response of FeCl2, NiCl2 and CuCl2, several other transition metal chlorides were screened. Of these, molybdenum and cobalt chlorides appear promising.
Laser-Induced Nanopores in Living Cells

We report the creation of nanometer-sized artificial pores in membranes of living cells by femtosecond near-infrared laser pulses. This is a novel approach to deliver molecules into which are resistant to conventional microinjection techniques.
Ecdysteroids during development in the ovine parasitic nematode, Haemonchus contortus.

Abstract 1. 1. Samples of embryonating eggs, infective larvae, fourth-stage larvae, young adults, and male and female mature adults of Haemonchus contortus were collected for steroid analysis; lipids were extracted, partially purified, fractionated with HPLC, and analyzed for ecdysteroids by radioimmunoassay. 2. 2. Free ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were detected in all samples; maximal concentrations occurred in the fourth-stage larvae and young adults. 3. 3. Conjugated ecdysone and 20-hydroxyecdysone were detected in all samples but the infected larvae; maximal concentrations occurred in the fourth-stage larvae and young adults. 4. 4. Patterns of ecdysteroid occurrence support regulatory roles in embryogenesis, cuticular deposition, and gonadogenesis. 5. 5. Relative concentrations of ecdysteroids are comparable to those previously reported in eggs and adults of Ascaris suum .
Engineering a scalable placement heuristic for DNA probe arrays

Design of DNA arrays for very large-scale immobilized polymer synthesis (VLSIPS) [8] seeks to minimize effects of unintended illumination during mask exposure steps. [9, 14] formulate this requirement as the Border Minimization Problem and give methods for placement (at array sites) and embedding (in the mask sequence) of probes in both synchronous and asynchronous regimes. These previous methods do not address several practical details of the application and, more critically, are not scalable to the O(108) probes contemplated for next-generation probe arrays. In this work, we make two main contributions:We give improved dynamic programming algorithms that perform probe embedding to minimize the number border conflicts while accounting for distance- and position-dependent border conflict weights, as well as the presence of polymorphic probes in the instance.We describe and experimentally validate the "engineering" of a scalable, high-quality asynchronous placement heuristic (which is moreover easily parallelizable) for DNA array design. Our heuristic is enabled by a novel approach for simultaneous re-placement and optimal re-embedding of an "independent set" of probes within a small window of the array..
Changes of the Proteins in Cheddar Cheese Made from Milk Heated at Different Temperatures

Abstract This investigation determined the changes which occurred in the proteins of cheese made from four lots of milk heated, respectively, at 61.7 C for 30 min and at 93.3, 110.0, and 126.7 C for 2.08 sec, and the effect of these changes on the quality of the cheese. Results showed that protein degradation, as measured by the noncasein and noncasein protein nitrogen production, became greater as heat treatment of the milk increased. No qualitative differences were observed in the amino acid patterns of the four lots of cheese, but the rate of amino acid liberation decreased as the heat treatment of milk increased. Polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis of the proteins in cheese revealed αs-casein to be extensively degraded and formed seven components, whereas β-casein formed six after 190 days of ripening. Heat treatment of milk did not produce any qualitative differences in the electrophoretic patterns of the proteins of cheese. The moisture content was higher in cheese made from milk heated at the higher temperatures, but there were no differences in the fat content. Organoleptic evaluation of the cheese revealed that Cheddar flavor did not develop and the body was weak and crumbly in the cheese made from milk heated at the higher temperatures. A sulfide, cooked flavor was apparent in the lot made from milk which had the highest heat treatment.
The effect of oral betaine on vertebral body bone density in pyridoxine-non-responsive homocystinuria.

Five pyridoxine-non-responsive homocystinuric patients aged 5 to 32 years were treated with oral betaine, 3 g b.i.d, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-year crossover study of its effect on bone mineralization. Betaine therapy significantly reduced mean plasma homocystine (36±9 (SEM) µmol L−1 to 9±4 µmol L−1), with variable increases in plasma methionine and no adverse effects. Bone density, measured by computerized tomographic scanning of vertebral bodies, was below normal in all patients at the start of the study, and was not significantly altered by betaine therapy administered according to this protocol
0.8/2.2-GHz Programmable Active Bandpass Filters in InP/Si BiCMOS Technology

Programmable active bandpass filters (BPFs) have been designed in a chip-scale heterogeneous integration technology, which intimately integrates InP HBTs on a deep scaled CMOS technology. Therefore, the active BPF can leverage both high performance of InP HBT and high density and programmability of CMOS. Two BPF prototypes, consisting of a programmable gain amplifier (PGA), a fifth- or third-order BPF core, and a buffer, have been designed and fabricated. The BPF center frequency can be switched from 0.8 to 2.2 GHz with 150-MHz passband and delivers ${>}{\hbox{55}}$ -dB out-of-band (OOB) rejection for the fifth-order one. Four gain steps: 0, 6, 12, and 16 dB, are enabled by the front PGA to trade off noise and linearity performances. Due to the ${>} {\hbox{300}}$ -GHz ${ f}_{ T}$ of InP HBTs, the BPF cores can leverage active-RC architecture for high linearity owing to the close-loop implementation. The fifth-order BPF prototype occupies a 1.5 $\,\times\,$ 1.02 mm $^{2}$ area together with pads and draws 106/121 mA from a 3.3-V power supply for 0.8/2.2-GHz bands, respectively, which demonstrates OOB output third-order intercept points (OIP3s) of 22.69/21.25 dBm for 0.8/2.2-GHz bands at the high gain mode. The measurement results suggest the fifth-order BPF core achieves 36.69/35.25-dBm OOB OIP3s. In addition, the designed third-order programmable BPF has been successfully used as a technology yield vehicle to assist the BiCMOS technology development.
Experimental evidence for transmission of Mycoplasma gallisepticum in house finches by fomites

Ever since Mycoplasma gallisepticum emerged among house finches in North America, it has been suggested that bird aggregations at feeders are an important cause of the epidemic of mycoplasmal conjunctivitis because diseased birds could deposit droplets of pathogen onto the feeders and thereby promote indirect transmission by fomites. In this paper we bring the first experimental evidence that such transmission (bird-to-feeder-to-bird) does actually take place. House finches infected via this route, however, developed only mild disease and recovered much more rapidly than birds infected from the same source birds but directly into the conjunctiva. While it is certainly probable that house finch aggregations at artificial feeders enhance pathogen transmission, to some degree transmission of M. gallisepticum by fomites may serve to immunize birds against developing more severe infections. Some such birds develop M. gallisepticum antibodies, providing indication of an immune response, although no direct evide...
Geometry-dependent characteristic polynomials of molecular structures

Abstract A new approach is presented to characterize the topological and geometric information contained in chemical structures. Characteristic polynomials which depend on the geometries of chemical structures are proposed. It is shown that elegant computational procedures could provide geometry-dependent characteristic polynomials. The newly developed polynomials differentiate iso-spectral structural graphs and can be extended to encompass stereochemistry.
Graphical analysis of the formation of shock fronts in materials

Abstract C ontour-plotting methods are applied to non-linear materials with a two-straight-line stress-strain relation, such as certain types of rubber or foam plastic. The multiple scabbing phenomenon of materials due to tensile reflexion from a free boundary is analysed and presented graphically. General rules governing the structure of the characteristics field are obtained.
Personhood: An activist project of historical becoming through collaborative pursuits of social transformation

Abstract The goal of this paper is to contribute to recent scholarship that pursues radical revision of prevalent models of personhood mired in outdated notions of human development and its foundational principles. To achieve this goal, I revisit and expand Vygotsky's project of cultural historical psychology to offer a dialectical framework that encompasses but is not limited to relational ontology. Premised on the notion of collaborative transformative practice as the grounding for human Being and Becoming, 1 my proposal is that at the core of human nature and development lies an ineluctably activist stance vis-a-vis the world; it is the realization of this stance through answerable deeds composing one unified life project that forms the path to personhood. The ethical dimension appears as foundational to Being and Becoming because it is integral to actions through which we become who we are while changing the world in collaborative pursuits of social transformation. From an activist transformative stance persons are agents not only for whom “things matter” but who themselves matter in history, culture, and society and, moreover, who come into Being as unique individuals through and to the extent that they matter in these processes and make a contribution to them.
Arcjet nozzle flow-field characterization by laser-induced fluorescence

Laser-induced fluorescence of the Balmer–alpha (Hα) transition of atomic hydrogen was performed within the nozzle of a 1-kW class radiatively cooled arcjet thruster operating on hydrogen and synthesized-hydrazine propellants. Axial velocities were determined from the Doppler shift of the Hα line center relative to a stationary reference, whereas translational temperatures and electron number densities were determined from a line-shape analysis of the Hα transition. The results are compared with a numerical model and indicate excellent agreement with the velocities, as well as temperatures near the nozzle exit. There are discrepancies, however, in the temperatures far upstream of the exit and in the electron densities, suggesting needed improvements in the modeling of the recombination chemistry.
Regulation of diazepam binding inhibitor in rat adrenal gland by adrenocorticotropin.

Diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a 9-kDa polypeptide that was initially isolated from rat brain and subsequently found to be present in several peripheral tissues. DBI is particularly abundant in steroidogenic tissues, such as the adrenal glands and testes, which also contain a high concentration of peripheral/mitochondrial benzodiazepine receptors (MBRs). Because occupancy of adrenal MBRs with DBI results in increased steroidogenesis, we have investigated the relation between ACTH, DBI, and the MBR in the rat adrenal glands. Evidence presented here indicates that both the amount of DBI and its rate of synthesis in the adrenal cortex are under the control of ACTH. Seven and 9 days after hypophysectomy, the amount of DBI-like immunoreactivity (DBI-LI) in rat adrenal glands decreased dramatically from approximately 80 to 15 ng/mg tissue. The administration of single dose of ACTH (ACTH residues 1–39; 200 mU/kg, iv) or repeated doses of ACTH-R (ACTH in saline containing 16% gelatin; 15 U/kg, sc, twice dail...
Combined effects of compression and hypotension on nerve root function : a clinical case

Previous animal experiments suggest that mild compression may increase susceptibility of nerve roots to the effects of hypotension. The authors report the case of a patient with an unstable L2 burst fracture whose motor skills and senses were intact. During fracture reduction and spinal distraction, sensory-evoked potentials were recorded from the epidural space after right and left femoral and tibial nerve stimulation. Induced hypotension was used during the surgery. All responses were normal at the outset of the surgery. With hypotension, a marked drop in the amplitude of the right femoral evoked potential amplitude occurred; left femoral and both tibial responses remained unchanged. Evoked potential changes were reversible with reversal of hypotension. Postoperatively, the patient was neurologically intact. Further analysis revealed a significant correlation between the right femoral evoked potential amplitude and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.63, P < 0.005), whereas amplitudes of the other responses were not significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure. This report provides clinical evidence to support the hypothesis that hypotension and local compression exert additive adverse effects on nerve root function.
Sampling Equipment for Ground-Water Investigations

Portable pumping equipment for sampling of wells, discribed by written text, photographs, and a detailed drawing, has been constructed by the Robert S. Kerr Water Research Center. The equipment can sample to depths of 300 feet at pumping rates ranging between 7 and 14 gallons per minute, with rate variation dependent upon sampling depth. The unit is convenient in size and easy to operate because only one line has to be handled during its operation. This is a wire-reinforced rubber hose that supports the submersible pump, contains the electrical cable, and conveys water.
A nonsense mutation (R220X) in the alpha-galactosidase A gene detected in a female carrier of Fabry disease.

Fabry disease is an X-linked recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal hydrolase a-galactosidase A (a-gal) (EC 3.2.1.22). The enzymatic defect leads to the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in body fluids and in the lysosomes of vascular cells. Symptoms in hemizygotes, including acroparesthesias, angiokeratoma and hypohidrosis, usually occur in childhood or adolescence but may be delayed until the second or third decade (1). Death usually occurs as a consequence of renal failure, cardiac or cerebrovascular disease in the second to fifth decade of life. In female carriers, symptoms vary widely due to non-random X-inactivation, with 70% developing the characteristic whorl-like corneal dystrophy, 30% angiokeratoma and 10% acroparesthesias. Less than 1% experience cardiac problems (1). The a-gal cDNA (2) and gene has been sequenced (3, 4) and a number of mutations causing Fabry disease have been characterized (5). A 56 year old female (JN) who presented with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was tested for Fabry's disease after a myocardial biopsy revealed vacuolar degeneration of myocardial cells. She was not exhibiting acroparesthesia or angiokeratoma, however clouding of the lenses (not the cornea) was present. Her leukocyte and fibroblast a-gal levels were not distinguishable from normal but hair root analysis of a-gal levels confirmed that she was a carrier of Fabry disease. Diagnosis was supported by the premature death from kidney failure of two brothers (at 36 and 50 years), both of whom had experienced acroparesthesia. Two sons (IE and JE) were subsequently diagnosed as hemizygotes; IE, aged 24, who was apparently healthy at diagnosis, and JE, aged 34, who had a number of classical symptoms of Fabry's disease, including nephritis, proteinuria, and angiokeratoma (no acroparesthesia). Both the hemizygous sons had negligible enzyme levels in fibroblasts and leukocytes, while another son (HE) and a daughter (SW) were found to be normal based on analysis of leukocyte and hair root a-gal levels, respectively.
Tutorial on Geometric Calculus

The book Clifford Algebra to Geometric Calculus is the first and still the most complete exposition of Geometric Calculus (GC). But it is more of a reference book than a textbook, so can it be a difficult read for beginners. This tutorial is a guide for serious students who want to dig deeply into the subject. It presents helpful background and aims to clarify objectives, important results and methods in the book. It is supplemented by a hot-linked annotated bibliography of papers elaborating various aspects of Geometric Algebra and Calculus.
Current transport mechanisms in atomically abrupt metal-semiconductor interfaces

A comprehensive model for electron transport mechanisms across a fully formed Schottky-barrier junction is proposed in which the metal-semiconductor interface is approximated as an abrupt quantum mechanical transition. Improved formulations of the barrier-lowering mechanisms and carrier tunneling effects are derived where the dipole barrier lowering is modeled as a single exponential decay of the total surface charge density. Quantum calculations follow a two-band model in which the imaginary component of the electron wave vector in the semiconductor energy gap is obtained by including the effect of both conduction and valence states. The energy band profile effects are included in the calculation of tunneling current, and it is shown that the finite negative charge residing at the metal-semiconductor interface considerably modulates the tunneling transmission probability of carriers. Experimental results obtained from atomically clean Al-n/sup +/GaAs-nGaAs interfaces fabricated by in situ molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) are shown to be in excellent agreement with the transport calculations. >
Cosmological perturbations of a relativistic condensate

Based on a model of the early Universe with a relativistic Bose-Einstein condensate as the source of inflationary expansion, we calculate the gauge-invariant measure of the cosmological density perturbations caused by the zero-point fluctuations and excitations of the condensate. An approximate conservation law in the gauge-invariant perturbation formulation is used to estimate the magnitude of the perturbations at horizon reentry. The perturbations have a scale-invariant spectrum that depends on the condensate density, the mass, and the coupling constant.
A positron-sensitive photon detector for the UV or X-ray range

Abstract This paper describes the conversion of a light sensitive self-scanning silicon photodiode array into a soft X-ray detector. We combine a photodiode array, a UHV compatible soft X-ray sensitive phosphor and read out electronics. The detector has been tested in the soft X-ray and UV regions. The results indicate a high quantum efficiency in the soft X-ray region.
Phase transitions of polysulfone solution during coagulation

Abstract Coagulation of a polysulfone solution film was induced by water vapour sorption under atmospheric exposure, followed by water diffusion in a coagulation bath. Demixing in the skin region of the solution film can involve both equilibrium and non-equilibrium phase separation. Surface pore size of the solidified film is proportional to the duration of the liquidliquid phase separation during vapour sorption.
Application of Excel® Pivot Tables and Pivot Charts for Efficient Library Data Analysis and Illustration

ABSTRACTExcel® pivot tables and pivot charts are ideal tools for increasing efficiency in previously time-consuming tasks involved in the analysis of library data, such as electronic resource usage statistics. Building upon the background presented in an introductory article, this companion article continues with information concerning essential techniques and applications. Data must be properly formatted in preparation for its use with pivot tables and pivot charts. Steps in the creation of both pivot tables and pivot charts are detailed along with potential pitfalls. Best practices are covered with specific tips for ensuring accurate results.
Nuclear Import of Adenovirus DNA in Vitro Involves the Nuclear Protein Import Pathway and hsc70

Adenovirus, a respiratory virus with a double-stranded DNA genome, replicates in the nuclei of mammalian cells. We have developed a cytosol-dependent in vitro assay utilizing adenovirus nucleocapsids to examine the requirements for adenovirus docking to the nuclear pore complex and for DNA import into the nucleus. Our assay reveals that adenovirus DNA import is blocked by a competitive excess of classical protein nuclear localization sequences and other inhibitors of nuclear protein import and indicates that this process is dependent on hsc70. Previous work revealed that the hexon (coat) protein of adenovirus is the only major protein on the surface of the adenovirus nucleocapsid that docks at the nuclear pore complex. This, together with our finding that in vitro nuclear import of hexon is inhibited by an excess of classical nuclear localization sequences, suggests a role for the hexon protein in adenovirus DNA import. However, recombinant transport factors that are sufficient for hexon import in permeabilized cells do not support DNA import, indicating that there are other as yet unidentified factors required for this process.
Analysis of the impact of feature-enhanced SAR imaging on ATR performance

We present an evaluation of the impact of a recently proposed feature-enhanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging technique on automatic target recognition (ATR) performance. We run recognition experiments using conventional and feature-enhanced SAR images of military targets, in three different classifiers. The first classifier is template-based. The second classifier makes a decision through a likelihood test, based on Gaussian models for reflectivities. The third classifier is based on extracted locations of the dominant target scatterers. The experimental results demonstrate that feature-enhanced SAR imaging can improve the recognition performance, especially in scenarios involving reduced data quality or quantity.
Effect of pH on the kinetics of herpes simplex virus inactivation at 36

Abstract The relationships between the inactivation rates of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 (HSV-1, HSV-2) and the pH and composition of the suspending medium were studied. The decrements in viable HSV were approximately 0.7 log 10, 1.8 log 10, and 4.5 log 10 after incubation at 36° for 48 hr in tissue culture medium adjusted to pH 6.3, 7.0, and 7.8, respectively. The stability of HSV suspended in PBS adjusted to pH 7.0 relative to tissue culture medium at this pH was somewhat enhanced. However, HSV displayed an increased lability at 36° when suspended in PBS adjusted to pH 6.3 or 7.8. The results indicate that the inactivation of HSV at 36° is dramatically affected by the pH of the suspending menstruum as well as its composition. These observations are discussed with regard to the contradictory thermal inactivation kinetics of HSV reported in previous studies.
Stripping voltammetric determination of traces of catechol compounds preceded by adsorptive accumulation of metal complexes

Abstract Catechol compounds are quantified by controlled adsorptive accumulation of their metal complexes onto a hanging mercury drop electrode followed by stripping voltammetry. By using tin(IV) as a redox marker for quantifying the surface-bound species, selectivity can be improved relative to conventional oxidative methods; dopamine can be quantified in the presence of ascorbic acid. The method allows measurements of micromolar levels of catechol, dopamine, l -dopa, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid and caffeic acid. The adsorptive stripping response is evaluated with respect to preconcentration time and potential, tin(IV) and analyte concentrations, stripping mode, reproducibility and possible interferences. Analogously, solochrome violet RS and dimethylglyoxime can be quantified after accumulation of their iron(III) and nickel(II) complexes, respectively. Detection limits are 7×10−9 M for solochrome violet RS and 5×10−8 M for caffeic acid (1- and 5-min preconcentration, respectively).
Femoral stress fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate treatment.

Background Recent studies have described unique clinical and radiographic characteristics of femoral stress fractures or low-energy fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate therapy. However, it is unclear whether these fractures require subsequent surgery after the initial treatment.
Interpretation of proton relative biological effectiveness using lesion induction, lesion repair, and cellular dose distribution.

Phenomenological biophysical models have been successfully used to estimate the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of ions. The predictive power of these models is limited because they require measured dose-response data that are not necessarily available for all clinically relevant end points. Furthermore, input parameters often lack mechanistic interpretation. In order to link RBE to more fundamental biological parameters we combine the concepts of two well-established biophysical models, i.e., the phenomenological “track structure” model and the more mechanistic “lethal lesion/potentially lethal lesion” (LPL) model. We parametrize a relation between RBE, dose homogeneity in the cell nucleus and induction rates for different lesion types. The macroscopic dose-response relationship is described in the LPL model and the microscopic, subcellular, relationship is determined by the local dose deposition pattern. The formalism provides a framework for a mechanistic interpretation of RBE values.
Is a LISP machine different from a fortran machine

Over the past ten years or more a question repeatedly asked of algebraic manipulation buffs is "Can you give me a deck to load on my computer center machine?" When the machine is a CDC 6600, 7600, or similar "number cruncher," the answer I give is a conditional "yes." There are a number of systems (SYMBAL, SCHOONSCHIP, ALTRAN, SAC-I, to name a few) which run on these machines; but no, the most interesting of the interactive general systems (I admit my biases: MACSYMA, SCRATCHPAD, REDUCE-2) do not run on these machines. I add my opinion that a software conversion effort to produce a MACSYMA (the most ambitious of the systems) for a CDC 7600 would be money wasted: one can more cheaply buy appropriate hardware than re-program.
A synthesis of experimental work on parasite local adaptation

The study of parasite local adaptation, whereby parasites perform better on sympatric hosts than on allopatric hosts and/or better on their own host population than do other parasites, is of great importance to both basic and applied biology. Theoretical examination of host-parasite coevolution predicts that parasite migration rate, generation time and virulence all contribute to the pattern of parasite local adaptation, such that parasites with greater dispersal ability, more frequent reproduction and/or high virulence ought to exhibit increased infectivity on local hosts. Here, we present a meta-analysis of experimental work from 57 host-parasite systems across 54 local adaptation studies to directly test theoretical predictions concerning the effect of each attribute on parasite adaptation. As expected, we find that studies of parasites with higher migration rates than their hosts report local adaptation, as measured by infection success, significantly more often than studies of parasites with relatively low migration rates. Furthermore, this synthesis serves to identify biases in the current body of work and highlight areas with the greatest need for further study. We emphasize the importance of unifying the field with regard to experimental methods, local adaptation definitions and reported statistics for cross-infection studies.
Classical examination of the Stark effect in hydrogen

The response of a hydrogen atom to a perturbative electric field is presented from a classical viewpoint. We find {ital classical energy shifts} in the hydrogen atom in situations that correspond to both the linear and quadratic Stark effects. We then compare these energy shifts to the exact quantum-mechanical values for the Stark effect. We find that the linear Stark effect can be accurately reproduced classically (given the correct initial conditions). In contrast, quantum-mechanical results for the quadratic Stark effect cannot be accurately reproduced classically, except in the correspondence principle limit of large principal quantum numbers n. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
The decay of 121Te and 121mTe

Abstract The energy levels of 121Sb populated in the decay of 121Te and 121mTe have been studied using the techniques of gamma-ray spectroscopy. Gamma transitions having energies 38±2, 68±2, 103±4, 470±20, 510±5, 575±5, 910±40, 1000±20 and 1103±7 keV have been found. The following coincidences have been observed: 38–470, 910, 1000, 1103; 68–470, 510; 103–1000. A consistent decay scheme having levels at 38, 510, 575, 948, 1038 and 1141 keV is presented. A measurement of the angular correlation between the 68 and 510 keV photons yielded the result W(θ) = 1+(0.066±0.009)P2(cosθ)+(0.000±0.015)P4(cosθ) which with other information, suggests spin assignments of 1 2 for the 575 keV state and 3 2 for the keV state. In addition, a very weak position branching has been observed.
Viscous flow of a suspension of liquid drops in a cylindrical tube

Viscous flow in a circular cylindrical tube containing an infinite line of viscous liquid drops equally spaced along the tube axis is considered under the assumption that a surface tension, sufficiently large, holds the drops in a nearly spherical shape. Three cases are considered: (1) axial translation of the drops, (2) flow of the external fluid past a line of stationary drops, and (3) flow of external fluid and liquid drops under an imposed pressure gradient. Both fluids are taken to be Newtonian and incompressible, and the linearized equations of creeping flow are used. The results show that both drag and pressure drop per sphere increase as the spacing increases at fixed radius and also increase as the radius of the drop increases. The presence of the internal motion reduces the drag and pressure gradients in all cases compared to rigid spheres, particularly for drops approaching the size of the tube.
Epizootiology of Eastern Equine Encephalomyelitis Virus in Upstate New York, USA: II. Population dynamics and vector potential of adult Culiseta melanura (Diptera: Culicidae) in relation to distance from breeding site

The behavior of Culiseta melanura was studied at sites in, near and away from an inland endemic focus of eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus (EEEV) between 1976 and 1979 using light-CO2 traps and resting shelters. During 3 seasons, nonblooded females, blooded/gravid females and males increased and decreased synchronously at the swamp center, the swamp perimeter and at a village 2 km away from the swamp. Both sexes were more abundant at the swamp center during May and June but more abundant at the perimeter thereafter. Males were much fewer at the village and, although there were more females in and near the swamp, a significantly greater proportion of females at the village was parous and/or blooded/gravid. Light-CO2 traps caught fewer nonblooded females in the swamp than did shelters, but more than shelters at the village. Only shelters were effective in collecting blooded/gravid females and males. Population density, parity and dispersion patterns were correlated to rainfall patterns during July-to-September periods. Parity data indicated that Cs. melanura remains in the swamp when populations are low or during adverse weather conditions but, during periods of high populations or warm, wet weather, older females, and presumably older males, spread at least as far as the village. Of 2009 blooded females tested, 99.7% had fed on birds, 83% of the total on passerines. Nonavian feedings occurred simultaneously with high Cs. melanura populations and irrespective of distance from the breeding swamp. During the EEEV transmission seasons Cs. melanura populations at the perimeter had the greatest vector potential (as herein defined), but as late-season populations increased, vector potential was relatively greater more distant from the swamp. The vector potential for this inland area of New York strengthens the hypothesis advanced for coastal foci that Cs. melanura , though an unlikely epidemic vector, serves as the enzootic vector of EEEV and is responsible for carrying the virus from the swamp to domestic and peridomestic birds.
Changes in synthesis of sterols and fatty acids associated with inhibition of growth of L-M cells at high cell density

Abstract The relationship between cell density and de novo synthesis of sterols and fatty acids has been studied in monolayer cultures of L-M cells grown in serum-free medium. Incorporation of radioactivity from [14C]acetate or 3H2O into sterols and fatty acids declined sharply as cultures approached stationary phase. The activities of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase declined in conjunction with the decrease in sterol synthesis; however, the activity of acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase did not decrease until after sterol synthesis had begun to decline. The magnitude of the initial decline in reductase activity was not diminished when activation of latent enzyme activity was prevented by addition of fluoride to cell homogenates. The diminution in the rate of fatty acid synthesis at high cell density was accompanied by a decrease in the activity of fatty acid synthetase, whereas the activity of acetyl-CoA carboxylase increased slightly. The data suggest that lipogenesis is regulated in coordination with the changes in the rate of cell proliferation that occur when L-M cells attain a high density in monolayer culture. Moreover, these studies establish the feasibility of using the L-M cell culture system to investigate the relationship between cell density and the enzymatic regulation of lipogenesis.
Photodissociation of diphenyldiazomethane and energy relaxation in the diphenylcarbene fragment

Abstract The dynamics of photodissociation of diphenyldiazomethane and energy relaxation in the diphenylcarbene fragment are investigated using picosecond laser methods. The equilibrium constant, free energy difference, and energy separation between the low-lying singlet and ground triplet states of the carbene are obtained.
Persistent cytoplasmic location of a DNA polymerase β in sea urchins during development

Abstract A subcellular localization study of a low molecular weight DNA polymerase β indicates that this enzyme, as well as a high molecular weight DNA polymerase α, is found in large quantities in the cytoplasm of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus eggs. The two enzyme activities are distinguished by DEAE-sievorptive chromatography and by their differential activities with activated DNA and oligo(dT) 10 · poly(dA) 200 primer-templates. Using an enucleation procedure, it is concluded that an extremely low proportion if any, of both polymerases is present in the egg nucleus. At blastula stage, a period of rapid cell proliferation, similar studies of DNA polymerase subcellular localization using two different methods of nuclear isolation indicate that the DNA polymerase β remains largely cytoplasmic while the α enzyme is found to be predominantly nuclear. Since the results for the α enzyme agree with previous reports (Loeb, L.A. (1969) J. Biol. Chem. 244, 1672) and since one method of nuclear isolation, using hypotonic solutions, enables us to recover both DNA polymerase α and β activities in isolated mouse L-cell nuclei, the enzyme quantitation of isolated sea urchin nuclei is considered accurate. Thus, although there is a translocation of the polymerase α from a cytoplasmic to nuclear site during early embryonic development, such a massive relocalization of the polymerase β does not occur.
Frank B. Livingstone (1928–2005)

Academy of Sciences as well as to nine other elective societies in the United States, Europe, and Africa. He served as President of the AAA in 1951, as Secretary Treasurer of the AAPA from 1939 to 1943, and as editor of the journal of that association from 1949 to 1954. In 1993, the William W. Howells Book Prize for general books in physical anthropology was created in his honor by the Biological Anthropology Section of the AAA.
Experimental and numerical investigation of micro-environmental conditions in public transportation buses

This study examines both numerically and experimentally the micro-environmental conditions in public transportation buses. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed and experimentally validated. The developed CFD model was used to calculate the spatial distributions of the mean age and mean residual lifetime of air in the bus environment and evaluate the efficiency of the bus ventilation system. Additionally, the passengers’ exposures to a variety of environmental conditions were experimentally monitored in “real world” field campaigns using the Harvard University shuttle bus system. Real time continuous monitoring systems were used to assess indoor environmental quality in the buses. It was found that CO levels were very low, while the levels of particulate matter varied and were influenced by the ambient air penetrated into the bus through the operation of the doors and the ventilation system. The CO2 level was found elevated and greatly affected by occupancy conditions. The elevated CO2 level indicates that the current bus ventilation is insufficient to dilute air pollutants in the bus especially under heavy occupancy conditions. This lack of sufficient ventilation indicates an elevated risk for airborne transmitted diseases in such a popular public transportation system.