cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AID, an Associative Interactive Dictionary for online searching

The paper describes the prototype Associative Interactive Dictionary. (AID) system for search strategy formulation on a large operational free text on‐line bibliographic retrieval system. The primary design objective of the Associative Interactive Dictionary is the automatic generation and display of related terms, synonyms, broader and narrower terms and other semantic associations for given search concepts. The associative analysis procedures rely on statistical frequency distribution information about term occurrences in a set of document texts retrieved in response to a Boolean search query and the occurrence frequencies of the same terms in the entire data base. Over the past two decades, a number of small experimental retrieval systems have utilized term associations for automatic or semiautomatic document classification, indexing, thesaurus building or as a search aid. These experimental systems primarily employ term‐term and term‐document matrices for the computation of similarity measures between and among terms and documents. The matrix technique can not be implemented efficiently and cost effectively on large operational retrieval systems owing to problems of scale limitations. The major on‐line bibliographic search systems, such as ELHILL, ORBIT, DIALOG, RECON, BRS and others, do not provide any search aids other than the inherent browsing capability, term truncation and/or sequential string searching. In some files, manually constructed on‐line thesauri offer partial assistance to the user. The prototype AID system overcomes the problems of scale by utilizing a computationally efficient similarity measure and a highly compressed in‐core hash table of terms and term frequencies. The hash table can accommodate tens of thousands of free text search terms. Both an on‐line version and a batch version of the Associative Interactive Dictionary system are currently operational on TOXLINE, a large file of over 400,000 journal citations with abstracts on toxicology and the environment. TOXLINE is one of several on‐line data bases on the National Library of Medicine's ELHILL retrieval system. The overal design of the AID system is general in nature, and therefore it can be implemented on other large operational retrieval systems.
Relationship between Plus Strand DNA Synthesis and Removal of Downstream Segments of Rna by Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Murine Leukemia Virus and Avian Myeloblastoma Virus Reverse Transcriptases

During retroviral reverse transcription the genomic RNA is degraded by the RNase H activity of reverse transcriptase (RT). Previous results suggest that after RNA-directed DNA synthesis, fragments of RNA remain annealed to the newly synthesized DNA [DeStefano et al.(1991) J. Biol.Chem. 266, 7423-7431]. These must be removed to allow synthesis of the second DNA strand. We measured the ability of HIV-, AMV- and MuLV-RT to coordinate DNA-dependent DNA synthesis and removal of downstream segments of RNA. The substrates employed were DNA templates having upstream DNA and downstream RNA primers. We found that none of the wild type RTs elongated the upstream DNA without simultaneous degradation of the RNA. Consistent with these results, HIV-, AMV- and MuLV-RT showed relatively higher affinity for RNA than for DNA oligonucleotides bound to a DNA template. Differences were observed in the RNA degradation and DNA extension patterns generated by the different RTs. AMV-RT degraded the RNA to segments 11-12 nt long, and readily elongated the upstream DNA to the end of the template. MuLV- and HIV-RT degraded the RNA primarily to segments 15-16 nt long. At low concentrations of the latter two RTs, the DNA primer stalled when it encountered the 5'-end of the RNA. In sufficient excess, all of the RTs elongated the upstream primer without stalling. Even though we were unable to detect displacement of the downstream RNA by the wild type RTs, MuLV- and HIV-RT lacking RNase H, were able to elongate the upstream DNA to the end of the template without degradation of the RNA. This suggests that degradation of downstream pieces of RNA is not absolutely required before synthesis of the plus strand DNA. The implications of these findings for viral replication are discussed.
Natural Course of Neonatal Progeroid Syndrome

Background Several progeroid disorders presenting a specific "old-man" appearance since birth or childhood have been described. Here, five patients with a history of severe intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation and pseudohydrocephaloid cranium noted after birth that were suggestive of neonatal progeroid syndrome (NPS) or Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome are reported. We discuss the natural course of the syndrome. Methods A series of anthropometric measurements, imaging, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and endocrine investigations to assess metabolic complications such as hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia were performed on these five patients who were followed for 1-7 years. Screening of inborn errors, karyotyping, chromosomal breakage rates and DNA mutational studies with direct sequencing of LMNA , ERCC8 and ZMPSTE24 genes were also performed. Results Generalized lipodystrophy was noted in all patients except for regions such as the cheeks, hands and feet. All cases had failure to thrive, microcephaly, ear dysplasia, laryngomalacia, hearing impairment, gastro-esophageal reflux disease, constipation, abnormal dentition, dermatitis/acrodermatitis enteropathica, hyperpigmentation of the skin, very low insulin-like growth factor I levels with delayed bone age, relative hypolipidemia, initial camptodactyly/joint contracture, progressive kyphoscoliosis, osteoporosis with loose joints, ventriculomegaly, and generalized organic aciduria. Other findings included inguinal hernia, hypothyroidism or persistent hyperthyrotropinemia, cryptorchidism, hip dysplasia, growth hormone deficiency, cloudy cornea with congenital glaucoma, neonatal teeth, cardiac defects, basal ganglia calcification and seizure disorder. These patients with NPS did not show hyperinsulinemia or dyslipidemia. Their karyotypes were all normal, while the chromosomal breakage test showed markedly increased breakage rates in four patients. LMNA , ERCC8 , or ZMPSTE24 gene mutations could not account for the disorders in these patients. Four patients died after sepsis or aspiration pneumonia at the age of 1.1, 4, 6.2 and 7.5 years. Conclusion Increased chromosomal breakage and the presence of basal ganglia calcification after early childhood suggest that DNA repair defects are involved in the pathogenesis of this disorder. This rare disorder represents a complex of symptoms with unknown cause and pathogenesis, and more than one disease may account for the clinical variability of NPS.
Results of radiofrequency catheter ablation for atrial flutter

RF catheter ablation for symptomatic typical atrial flutter is associated with a high procedural success rate, but a second RF procedure may be required in up to one third of subjects, particularly those with right atrial enlargement. In those subjects with both established AF and flutter, RF ablation for atrial flutter may decrease the recurrence rate of AF. However, patients remain at risk for the development of newly documented AF, most likely secondary to the high incidence of underlying structural heart disease.
A technique to derive the detailed time costs of parallel computations

A technique for deriving the time cost of parallel computations is presented. The technique is based on reducing the given parallel computation into a sequential one and then applying one of the available techniques developed for sequential computations to derive the required time cost. The reduction process is done by replacing each parallel structure in the given computation with a single operation node whose time cost equals the time cost of the structure. Five categories of parallel structures are identified and the time cost of each is estimated. The technique is then written in an algorithmic form. >
Parkinson Disease, the Effect of Levodopa, and the ELLDOPA Trial

The introduction of effective doses of levodopa for the treatment of Parkinson disease (PD) 1,2 was a revolutionary step in overcoming symptoms of a progressive neurode-generative disease. This took place a little more than 30 years ago, and still, today, levodopa remains the most effective drug for the reversal of symptoms of PD. 1,2 If there were no associated adverse effects with long-term use, treatment of PD would be a simple matter. But most of the physician's effort in providing optimum care of patients with PD is in trying to overcome all too common adverse effects of levodopa.
Quantitative Sampling Method for Fungus Gnat (Diptera: Sciaridae) Eggs in Soilless Growing Media

A simple method is described for separating fungus gnat eggs from soilless growing media. The flotation/extraction method primarily involves the use of a MgSO4 solution (density 1.065 g cm(-3)) and a series of sieving procedures. Bradysia sp. nr. coprophila Lintner eggs were collected in an isolation chamber containing adult fungus gnats. Three soilless growing media were used: Metro-Mix 560 with Scott's Coir, Sunshine LC1 Mix, and Universal SB 300 Mix. Each growing medium was inoculated with 100 fungus gnat eggs. Growing medium samples were processed using separatory funnels and a MgSO4 solution. Eggs were washed through a 250-microm sieve and collected on a 53-microm sieve, and then the eggs were rinsed into glass petri dishes. The sieving process separated fungus gnat eggs from the larger growing medium particulates (perlite, bark, and peat), providing a sample consisting of water, eggs, and fine growing medium particulates (peat). Using a vortex for 60 s increased the number of fungus gnat eggs recovered (37.4 +/- 3.7-67.1 +/- 1.9 [mean +/- SEM]) for all three growing media. The mean number of fungus gnat eggs recovered from the three soilless growing media was significantly different, with the growing medium containing coir (Metro-Mix 560) having the highest recovery rate of 61.0 +/- 2.1. For all three growing media, there was > 50% recovery of fungus gnat eggs. In addition to fungus gnat eggs, this method also may prove useful for quantitative recovery of shore fly (Scatella sp.) eggs and the eggs of other arthropods from soilless growing media.
Evaluation of the coordination preferences and catalytic pathways of heteroaxial cobalt oximes towards hydrogen generation

Three new heteroaxial cobalt oxime catalysts, namely [CoIII(prdioxH)(4tBupy)(Cl)]PF6 (1), [CoIII(prdioxH)(4Pyrpy)(Cl)]PF6 (2), and [CoIII(prdioxH)(4Bzpy)(Cl)]PF6 (3) have been studied. These species contain chloro and substituted tert-butyl/pyrrolidine/benzoyl-pyridino ligands axially coordinated to a trivalent cobalt ion bound to the N4-oxime macrocycle (2E,2'E,3E,3'E)-3,3'-(propane-1,3-diylbis(azanylylidene))bis(butan-2-one)dioxime, abbreviated (prdioxH)- in its monoprotonated form. Emphasis was given to the spectroscopic investigation of the coordination preferences and spin configurations among the different 3d6 CoIII, 3d7 CoII, and 3d8 CoI oxidation states of the metal, and to the catalytic proton reduction with an evaluation of the pathways for the generation of H2via CoIII-H- or CoII-H- intermediates by mono and bimetallic routes. The strong field imposed by the (prdioxH)- ligand precludes the existence of high-spin configurations, and 6-coordinate geometry is favored by the LSCoIII species. Species 1 and 3 show a split CoIII/CoII electrochemical wave associated with partial chemical conversion to a [CoIII(prdioxH)Cl2] species, whereas 2 shows a single event. The reduction of these CoIII complexes yields LSCoII and LSCoI species in which the pyridine acts as the dominant axial ligand. In the presence of protons, the catalytically active CoI species generates a CoIII-H- hydride species that reacts heterolytically with another proton to generate dihydrogen. The intermediacy of a trifluoroacetate-bound CoIII/CoII couple in the catalytic mechanism is proposed. These results allow for a generalization of the behavior of heteroaxial cobalt macrocycles and serve as guidelines for the development of new catalysts based on macrocyclic frameworks.
Role of Ureaplasma Respiratory Tract Colonization in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia Pathogenesis: Current Concepts and Update

Respiratory tract colonization with the genital mycoplasma species Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum in preterm infants is a significant risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Recent studies of the ureaplasmal genome, animal infection models, and human infants have provided a better understanding of specific virulence factors, pathogen-host interactions, and variability in genetic susceptibility that contribute to chronic infection, inflammation, and altered lung development. This review provides an update on the current evidence supporting a causal role of ureaplasma infection in BPD pathogenesis. The current status of antibiotic trials to prevent BPD in Ureaplasma-infected preterm infants is also reviewed.
Design of Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Planar Morphing Mechanisms With Single-Degree-of-Freedom Sub-Chains

This paper deals with the synthesis of multi-degree-of-freedom planar mechanisms by breaking the problem into the synthesis of multiple single-degree-of-freedom planar mechanisms. Specifically, this paper investigates synthesizing shape-changing mechanisms capable of matching multiple closed profiles with significant changes in shape. These mechanisms can be used for applications such as morphing wings or morphing dies for polymer extrusion. Well established synthesis techniques for single-degree-of-freedom planar mechanisms are used and reviewed for completeness. The paper then compares multiple forms of two optimization techniques used to find suitable mechanisms. The problems investigated herein are highly nonlinear and highly constrained; therefore, advanced optimization strategies are needed. This paper uses both gradient-based optimization and a genetic algorithm (GA) to find mechanisms capable of matching the design profiles. It also looks at additions to the GA that leverage the presence of the single-degree-of-freedom subchains. The gradient-based optimization and GA with additions were able to find mechanisms with better matching error than the blind GA. However, the improvement was modest and not always present, indicating that it is likely best to start with the blind GA and introduce gradient-based optimization, additions to the GA, and changes in the setting as needed to improve results.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Inclusive Leadership Development Drawing From Pedagogies of Women’s and General Leadership Development Programs

Trends in extant literature suggest that more relational and identity-based leadership approaches are necessary for leadership that can harness the benefits of the diverse and globalized workforces...
Cecal bascule after spinal cord injury: A case series report.

Introduction Cecal bascule is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction associated with upward and anterior folding of the ascending colon. We report three patients who presented with spinal cord injury complicated with a cecal bascule. Diagnosis and management of cecal bascule is discussed.
Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Anterior Pelvic Exenteration for Bladder Cancer in the Female

Radical cystectomy remains one of the most effective oncologic treatments for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer and for those with high-grade, recurrent, noninvasive tumors. Recently, there have been an increasing number of anecdotal reports and case series for minimally invasive approaches to cystectomy. Laparoscopic and robotic-assisted techniques have been shown to be viable approaches to cystectomy, and recent reports have demonstrated acceptable surgical and perioperative results.
Current situation and surveillance on dengue fever in Yiwu city,2005-2010

Objective To provide scientific evidence for prevention and control program on dengue fever through analyzing the situation of dengue fever in Yiwu from year 2005 to 2010.Methods Data was collected from Interact-based National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System,National Enhanced Dengue Fever Surveillance System and field investigation on dengue outbreaks.Data was analyzed by descriptive statistical method and by SPSS statistical software.Results A total of 194 dengue fever cases were reported with no deaths in Yiwu from year 2005 to 2010.Cases were mainly reported in September and October.Most cases were farm workers from Yiting town and Fotang town.The case number were 77(39.69%) for males and 117(60.31%) for females with the gender ratio of 0.66∶1.Infections occurred in all age groups,but most infections occurred among persons of 41 to 65 years of age.The Breteau Index(BI) in 2007 was 28.00,which was the highest,followed by that of 24 in 2005 and 16.40 in 2008.The BI in 2010(5.47) was the lowest.Conclusions Residents in Yiwu city are susceptible to dengue viruses.The density of mosquito is high,which indicates that there is a potential of dengue outbreaks.Measures must be done to improve the ability of medical staff and enhance surveillance.
Reaction apparatus of plasma polymerization and applications

The history and characterizations of plasma polymerization technique are introduced in brief.The reaction apparatus of plasma polymerization are introduced in details.Research on the surface modification processes for various nano-materials such as Al2O3,ZnO,carbon nano-tube,carbon fiber,is also discussed.
Physical Therapy-Related Child Outcomes in School: An Example of Practice-Based Evidence Methodology.

Purpose: To describe the use of practice-based evidence research methodology in a prospective, multisite observational study to investigate changes in students' participation in school activity, self-care, posture/mobility, recreation/fitness, and academic outcomes, and the relationships of these changes to characteristics of school-based physical therapy. Methods: One hundred nine physical therapists completed the training and data collection and 296 students, 5 to 12 years of age (mean age = 7.3 years) had 6 months of complete data. Therapists completed individualized (Goal Attainment Scaling) and standardized (School Function Assessment) outcome measures for students at the beginning and end of the school year and during the year collected weekly data on services to and on behalf of the students. Summary: This research design enabled the investigation of complex research questions related to school-based practice. The findings of this study, to be reported later, should influence school-based therapy by providing guidance related to what activities, interventions, and services influence student outcomes.
Evaluating asymmetric multiprocessing for mobile applications

Mobile workloads have diverse performance requirements. Some involve frequent user inputs and are computationally intensive while others are background services that minimally uses system resources. To exploit this diversity, architects propose asymmetric multiprocessing (AMP), which achieves both performance and energy efficiency by dynamically switching between high-performance and low-power cores. However, the benefits of existing AMPs that share main memory are limited by the high costs of switching between execution modes. Existing AMP architectures can exploit inter-application diversity but fail to exploit intra-application diversity. Exploiting the latter requires emerging AMP architectures that share the cache hierarchy and reduce switch latency by orders of magnitude. To explore the AMP design space, we propose a set of realistic mobile benchmarks on Android that consider user actions and inputs. We simulate the benchmarks and show that mobile apps benefit substantially from responsive AMPs that switch quickly to exploit fine-grained microphases.
Spinal cord stimulation for chronic, intractable pain.

The “gate theory” of pain transmission in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, published in 1965, provided the foundation for the use of electrical stimulation for pain relief (57). The feasibility of chronic neural stimulation was greatly increased when the miniaturized highly reliable solid-state electronic technology developed for cardiac pacemakers was transferred to implantable neural stimulators.
Septic shock: how to stop the deadly cascade: Part 1

If your patient develops sepsis, you'll need to take immediate action to prevent him from going into shock and dying. Here are the early warning signs, the crucial assessments you'll need to make, and the first-line treatments for this life-threatening complication.
Computation of Aeroacoustic Waves with High Order Spectral Volume Method

A recently developed high-order finite volume method named the spectral volume (SV) method is employed to solve several benchmark problems from the Fourth Computational Aeroacoustics (CAA) Workshop on Benchmark Problems. In particular, the computational results for multiple cylinder wave scattering problems are presented, and compared with analytical solutions. It is shown that a 4th order SV scheme with an equivalent 13 points-per-wave is capable of producing numerical solutions which agree well with analytical solutions.
Kerr electro-optic field mapping measurements in high voltage stressed liquid and gaseous sulfur hexafluoride

When stressed by high electric fields, liquid and gaseous SF 6 become detectably birefringent. Liquid SF 6 at ∼350 psi and room temperature has a Kerr constant on the order of 10−15 m/V2 for light at the free space wavelength of 633nm, which is comparable to values reported for transformer oil, polyethylene, and PMMA. The Kerr constant of gaseous SF 6 is measured to strongly decrease with density. Electric field measurements between coaxial cylindrical electrodes are described where the inner cylinder is entirely supported by a half round cylinder of PMMA. The aim of these measurements is to describe surface charge accumulation at a solid/gas interface and its effect on surface discharges.
Stochastic valuation of energy storage in wholesale power markets

Abstract Energy storage systems are well poised to mitigate uncertainties of renewable generation outputs. Grid-scale energy storage projects are major investments which call for rigorous valuation and risk analysis. This paper provides a stochastic energy storage valuation framework in wholesale power markets which considers all key revenue streams simultaneously. As part of this framework, an operational optimization model is developed to determine the energy storage system's optimal dispatch sequences. A future curve model is built to capture the volatilities of electricity prices. In addition, a frequency regulation service price forecasting model is developed. Simulation results with a realistic battery storage system reveal that the majority of the market revenues comes from frequency regulation services. Simulation results also show that both round-trip efficiency and power-to-energy ratio are crucial to the cost effectiveness of energy storage systems.
Major Physical Health Conditions and Risk of Suicide.

Introduction Most individuals make healthcare visits before suicide, but many do not have a diagnosed mental health condition. This study seeks to investigate suicide risk among patients with a range of physical health conditions in a U.S. general population sample and whether risk persists after adjustment for mental health and substance use diagnoses. Methods This study included 2,674 individuals who died by suicide between 2000 and 2013 along with 267,400 controls matched on year and location in a case–control study conducted in 2016 across eight Mental Health Research Network healthcare systems. A total of 19 physical health conditions were identified using diagnostic codes within the healthcare systems’ Virtual Data Warehouse, including electronic health record and insurance claims data, during the year before index date. Results Seventeen physical health conditions were associated with increased suicide risk after adjustment for age and sex (p Conclusions Although several individual conditions, for example, traumatic brain injury, were associated with high risk of suicide, nearly all physical health conditions increased suicide risk, even after adjustment for potential confounders. In addition, having multiple physical health conditions increased suicide risk substantially. These data support suicide prevention based on the overall burden of physical health.
Optimization in Fuzzy Environment

Abstract In this paper we study the possibility of representing an optimization problem with inexact constraints, as a fuzzy integral. This integral is to be taken with respect to a capacity (or to an outer measure) rather than to a fuzzy measure. We prove a mean-value theorem for the fuzzy integral, which has as a consequence the possibility of reducing optimization with inexact constraints to classical optimization. We also give some sufficient conditions such that this reduction holds.
Enhanced astrocytic d -serine underlies synaptic damage after traumatic brain injury

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), glial cells have both beneficial and deleterious roles in injury progression and recovery. However, few studies have examined the influence of reactive astrocytes in the tripartite synapse following TBI. Here, we have demonstrated that hippocampal synaptic damage caused by controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury in mice results in a switch from neuronal to astrocytic d-serine release. Under nonpathological conditions, d-serine functions as a neurotransmitter and coagonist for NMDA receptors and is involved in mediating synaptic plasticity. The phasic release of neuronal d-serine is important in maintaining synaptic function, and deficiencies lead to reductions in synaptic function and plasticity. Following CCI injury, hippocampal neurons downregulated d-serine levels, while astrocytes enhanced production and release of d-serine. We further determined that this switch in the cellular source of d-serine, together with the release of basal levels of glutamate, contributes to synaptic damage and dysfunction. Astrocyte-specific elimination of the astrocytic d-serine-synthesizing enzyme serine racemase after CCI injury improved synaptic plasticity, brain oscillations, and learning behavior. We conclude that the enhanced tonic release of d-serine from astrocytes after TBI underlies much of the synaptic damage associated with brain injury.
Similarity Queries on Script Image Databases

For a long time, researchers and archaeologists have studied evolution and similarity among ancient scripts. The vast image libraries which have recently become available allow for data mining to enable the study of evolution of these ancient scripts. In particular, the origin of the Indus Valley script is highly debated and is considered an undeciphered script. In this paper, we use convolutional neural networks to test which alphabets/symbols from various languages may be related to the Indus Valley script. The languages focused on include the Proto-Elamite script and Sumerian.
Ultra-fine dispersible powders coated with l-Leucine via two-step co-milling

Abstract Dispersion of ultrafine powders is difficult due to their high cohesion and consequent agglomeration. Dry coating with additives such as nano-silica, magnesium stearate (MgSt), or Leucine (Leu), an amino acid, may help mitigate this problem. Unfortunately, when the powders to be coated are very fine, the additives such as MgSt or Leu need to be of even finer size, requiring a separate milling process. Here, a two-step co-milling process is investigated to produce well dispersible inhalable size range (
Pooling the Good and the Bad: A Re-Examination of the Performance of Underwriter Analyst Recommendations

This study re-examines the performance of analyst recommendations on newly public firms. Specifically, we examine the return performance associated with the stock recommendations of both underwriter and unaffiliated analysts. Using post-recommendation returns of IPO offerings during the period 1993 through 2002, we document that (i) Strong Buy recommendations by lead underwriter analysts exhibit inferior performance relative to those of non-lead analysts. The differences in post-recommendation returns between lead and non-lead underwriters do not persist in any of the other recommendation categories; (ii) the long-term underperformance of underwriter analysts' recommendations increases with the difference between the event-period market reactions towards positive and negative recommendations; (iii) the underperformance of lead-underwriter analysts' Strong Buy recommendations increases with aggregate market uncertainty. These results are consistent with a dynamic cheap talk game where analysts facing conflicts of interest and reputation consequences are more likely to elevate a subset of the worst stocks to the strongest category when the short-term incentive becomes sufficiently strong.
Rural Primary Care Offices and Cancer Survivorship Care: Part of the Care Trajectory for Cancer Survivors.

Background:A cancer diagnosis is a monumental event in a patient’s life and with the number of cancer survivors increasing; most of these patients will be taken care of by a primary care provider a...
Chapter 9 – Vehicle Communications

Communication with vehicles (while moving) began with the introduction of AM radio receivers in the 1930s. In this same general era, two-way radio communication via radio was used by law enforcement agencies. The evolution of civilian two-way radio communications advanced relatively slowly until the introduction of cellular phones. Initially, they were often referred to as bag phones since they were relatively bulky and packages in bags. The early cellular phones (now just called cell phones) had telephone-type handsets. It is widely known that the advances in cell phone technology have been very rapid. It is also well known that cell phone communication requires an infrastructure of multiple cell phone transceiver stations (called cell towers). Other wireless communications between moving vehicles and multiple fixed or moving (i.e., satellite) transceivers are developing and have been developed. In this chapter, we refer to such communication as vehicle to infrastructure (often abbreviated as (V2I)).
Dynamic Anonymized Evaluation for Behavioral Continuous Authentication.

Emerging technology demands reliable authentication mechanisms, particularly in interconnected systems. Current systems rely on a single moment of authentication, however continuous authentication systems assess a users identity utilizing a constant biometric analysis. Spy Hunter, a continuous authentication mechanism uses keystroke dynamics to validate users over blocks of data. This easily-incorporated periodic biometric authentication system validates genuine users and detects intruders quickly. Because it verifies users in the background, Spy Hunter is not constrained to a password box. Instead, it is flexible and can be layered with other mechanisms to provide high-level security. Where other continuous authentication techniques rely on scripted typing, Spy Hunter validates over free text in authentic environments. This is accomplished in two phases, one where the user is provided a prompt and another where the user is allowed free access to their computer. Additionally, Spy Hunter focuses on the timing of different keystrokes rather than the specific key being pressed. This allows for anonymous data to authenticate users and avoids holding personal data. Utilizing a couple K-fold cross-validation techniques, Spy Hunter is assessed based on how often the system falsely accepts an intruder, how often the system falsely rejects a genuine user, and the time it takes to validate a users identity. Spy Hunter maintains error rates below 6% and identifies users in minimal numbers of keystrokes. Continuous authentication provides higher level security than one-time verification processes and Spy Hunter expands on the possibilities for behavioral analysis based on keystroke dynamics.
A Narrative History of African American Marching Band: Toward A Historicultural Understanding:

The purpose of this study is to construct a concise historical narrative of the development and characteristics of African American styles of marching band. While some extant research studies have ...
Computational analysis of a flapping uvula on aerodynamics and pharyngeal wall collapsibility in sleep apnea

Studying the airflows and the resultant aerodynamic pressure/force in the pharyngeal airway is critical for understanding the pathophysiology of snoring and sleep apnea. In this work, an experiment-driven computational study was conducted to examine the aerodynamics in human pharyngeal airway. An anatomically accurate pharynx model associated with different uvula kinematics was reconstructed from human magnetic resonance image (MRI) and high-speed photography. An immersed-boundary-method (IBM)-based direct numerical simulation (DNS) flow solver was adopted to simulate the corresponding unsteady flows in all their complexity. Analyses were performed on vortex dynamics and pressure fluctuations in the pharyngeal airway and force oscillations on the pharyngeal wall under the influence of varying airway obstructions, uvula flapping mode, and uvula flapping frequencies. It was found the vortex formation, aerodynamic pressure, and pharyngeal wall force were significantly affected by the width of the pharyngeal airway. By contrast, the influences from the uvula flapping mode were insignificant when other parameters were similar. Fast Fourier transformation (FFT) and continuous wavelet transform (CWT) analysis of the pressure time history revealed the existence of higher order harmonics of base frequency with significant pressure amplitudes and energy intensities. It was also found the airway pressure and pharyngeal wall force oscillate more dramatically at higher uvula flapping frequencies, which tends to promote the collapse of pharyngeal wall and initiates sleep apnea.
AMR-to-Text Generation with Cache Transition Systems.

Text generation from AMR involves emitting sentences that reflect the meaning of their AMR annotations. Neural sequence-to-sequence models have successfully been used to decode strings from flattened graphs (e.g., using depth-first or random traversal). Such models often rely on attention-based decoders to map AMR node to English token sequences. Instead of linearizing AMR, we directly encode its graph structure and delegate traversal to the decoder. To enforce a sentence-aligned graph traversal and provide local graph context, we predict transition-based parser actions in addition to English words. We present two model variants: one generates parser actions prior to words, while the other interleaves actions with words.
Numerical wave modeling for operational and survival analyses of wave energy converters at the US Navy Wave Energy Test Site in Hawaii

Abstract The US Navy Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) is currently operating three grid-connected berths off Marine Corps Base Hawaii in support of technological development through scaled-model testing and pre-commercial prototyping. The location on the east shore of Oahu is open to year-round wind waves and seasonal north swells as well as severe seas from subtropical systems and hurricanes. We have assembled a spectral wave model system comprising WAVEWATCH III and SWAN on a hierarchy of global, regional, and nearshore computational grids. With wind forcing from global forecast and reanalysis datasets as well as their regional downscaling, the system produces operational 7-day wave forecasts and a long-term hindcast. The daily forecasts, validated with real-time buoy measurements, facilitate safe deployment, operation, and retrieval of wave energy converters (WECs). The wave hindcast from 1979 to 2017 defines the intra- and inter-annual variations for statistical analysis of sea states and energy resources. Due to limited occurrences of hurricanes in Hawaii waters, their wind forcing is determined parametrically with simulated tracks from climate model downscaling. Systematic analysis of the hindcast and simulation datasets provides significant wave heights from trade winds, swells, subtropical systems, and hurricanes with return periods up to 100 years for WECs survival analysis.
An interdisciplinary approach to the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of OEF/OIF Veterans with mild traumatic brain injury.

To implement an Integrated TBI Screening Clinic (ITSC) during the mandatory TBI evaluation process at the Department of Veterans Affairs. Referral outcomes were examined regarding Veterans who were...
Exercise and QUality diet After Leukemia (The EQUAL Study): An intervention trial in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS).

10015Background: Survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at risk for obesity and cardiovascular (CV) disease. Exposure to cranial radiotherapy (CRT) increases risks. We tested...
Structuring phase and polarization singularity sheets in 2D

Beyond one-dimensional optical singularity topologies, we demonstrate zero-dimensional (point) and two-dimensional (sheet) singularities. We engineer phase and polarization sheet singularities through inverse-design, by maximizing the field phase gradient, and demonstrate metasurface-enabled realizations of each.
Measuring Evapotranspiration from Atmospheric Data

Method of evaluating evapotranspiration based on mass balance of water vapor in atmosphere; results are compared with hydrologic data and with empirical method of estimating evapotranspiration; although accurate values of evapotranspiration can be obtained for large areas such as entire continent, accuracy of method is reduced as size of area under consideration is decreased.
Supportive care and management of oncologic emergencies

This chapter provides an insight into the supportive care and management of oncologic emergencies. In past few decades, survival in children with cancer has increased due not only to advances in specific oncologic therapies, but also due to advances in supportive care and an ability to manage oncologic emergencies. Cancer therapy requires supportive care in the management of infectious complications, blood component therapy, hematopoietic growth factors, pain management, management of nausea and vomiting, nutritional support, and psychosocial support. The metabolic and oncologic emergencies are also discussed along with their clinical features and treatments. Metabolic and endocrine emergencies, oncologic emergencies by anatomic region, and neurologic emergencies are discussed with their etiology, clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment. Several factors lead to the susceptibility of oncology patients to infections: underlying cancer, type of therapy, degree and duration of neutropenia, disruption of normal barriers, humoral immunity, cell mediated immunity, colonizing microbial flora, and foreign bodies. The management of various infectious complications is discussed and proposed treatments are described briefly.
Entre familia y amigos: la elección de la estructura de propiedad corporativa

The document presents an analysis, developed under the framework of conflict theory, which models the choice of ownership structure as the result of a power struggle between the owner of a firm and potential shareholders. The theoretical model suggests that, when the system that protects property rights is inecient, the choice of keeping the ownership of the firm within the family represents the strategy that provides the owner the highest value when going public.
A Machine Learning Approach to Off-Line Signature Verification Using Bayesian Inference

A machine learning approach to off-line signature verification is presented. The prior distributions are determined from genuine and forged signatures of several individuals. The task of signature verification is a problem of determining genuine-class membership of a questioned (test) signature. We take a 3-step, writer independent approach: 1) Determine the prior parameter distributions for means of both "genuine vs. genuine" and "forgery vs. known" classes using a distance metric. 2) Enroll n genuine and m forgery signatures for a particular writer and calculate both the posterior class probabilities for both classes. 3) When evaluating a questioned signature, determine the probabilities for each class and choose the class with bigger probability. By using this approach, performance over other approaches to the same problem is dramatically improved, especially when the number of available signatures for enrollment is small. On the NISDCC dataset, when enrolling 4 genuine signatures, the new method yielded a 12.1% average error rate, a significant improvement over a previously described Bayesian method.
Dynamic Geometry Software and Mechanical Linkages

Widespread interest has arisen in the use of dynamic geometry software as a constructivist learning tool. However, the software has been accused of contributing to an empirical, data-collecting approach to geometry, where students have little or no understanding of deductive reasoning. Mechanical linkages which occur in many common household items, as well as in ‘mathematical machines’ from the past, offer a wealth of geometry appropriate for secondary school mathematics. Dynamic geometry models of these linkages form an interface between the concrete and the theoretical, and create a visually rich environment for students to explore, conjecture and construct geometric proofs.
The Crystal Structure of Bovine Cu2+ ,Zn2+ Superoxide Dismutase at 5.5-A Resolution*

An electron density map at 5.5-A resolution has been obtained of bovine erythrocyte Cu2+,Zn2+ superoxide dismutase. The asymmetric unit of the crystal contains 2 enzyme molecules, each made up of two subunits related by an internal local 2-fold axis. As seen at this resolution all four subunits have the same conformation: extensive b structure appears to surround a central cylindrical hydrophobic core, and there are no readily identifiable stretches of α helix. Heavy atom replacement results imply a possible location for the Zn2+.
Optimal Clearing of Supply/Demand Curves

Markets are important coordination mechanisms for multiagent systems, and market clearing has become a key application area of algorithms. We study optimal clearing in the ubiquitous setting where there are multiple indistinguishable units for sale. The sellers and buyers express their bids via supply and demand curves. Discriminatory pricing leads to greater profit for the party who runs the market than non-discriminatory pricing. We show that this comes at the cost of computation complexity. For piecewise linear curves we present a fast polynomial-time algorithm for nondiscriminatory clearing, and show that discriminatory clearing is NP-complete (even in a very special case). We then show that in the more restricted setting of linear curves, even discriminatory markets can be cleared fast in polynomial time. Our derivations also uncover the elegant fact that to obtain the optimal discriminatory solution, each buyer’s (seller’s) price is incremented (decremented) equally from that agent’s price in the quantity-unconstrained solution.
Polyhedra of minimal area as 3D object models

Polyhedra of minimal surface area are suggested as natural candidates for object models. The problem of computing such a polyhedron from a set of 3D points that are its vertices is explored. An approximate algorithm is suggested, and results of a preliminary implementation are discussed.
Learning predictive models from massive, semantically disparate data

Machine learning approaches offer some of the most successful techniques for constructing predictive models from data. However, applying such techniques in practice requires overcoming several challenges: infeasibility of centralized access to the data because of the massive size of some of the data sets that often exceeds the size of memory available to the learner, distributed nature of data, access restrictions, data fragmentation, semantic disparities between the data sources, and data sources that evolve spatially or temporally (e.g. data streams and genomic data sources in which new data is being submitted continuously). Learning using statistical queries and semantic correspondences that present a unified view of disparate data sources to the learner offer a powerful general framework for addressing some of these challenges. Against this background, this thesis describes (1) approaches to deal with missing values in the statistical query based algorithms for building predictors (Naive Bayes and decision trees) and the techniques to minimize the number of required queries in such a setting. (2) Sufficient statistics based algorithms for constructing and updating sequence classifiers. (3) Reduction of several aspects of learning from semantically disparate data sources (such as (a) how errors in mappings affect the accuracy of the learned model and (b) how to choose an optimal mapping from among a set of alternative expert-supplied or automatically generated mappings) to the well-studied problems of domain adaptation and learning in presence of noise and (4) a software for learning predictive models from semantically disparate data.
Effects of enclomiphene on estradiol-induced changes in LH secretion in ewes.

Experiments were conducted to characterize the ability of the antiestrogen enclomiphene (ENC) to block the effects of estradiol on secretion of LH in ovariectomized ewes. To determine whether ENC could block an estradiol-induced LH surge, ewes (n = 4/group) were administered 10 to 250 mg ENC followed 30 min later by 25 micrograms estradiol. Ten or 25 mg ENC suppressed the estradiol-induced LH surge in one of four ewes, whereas 100- or 250-mg doses suppressed the LH surge in three and four of four ewes, respectively. In ewes that received a single treatment of 100 mg ENC plus 25 micrograms estradiol, serum concentrations of LH remained below 1 ng/ml for 3 wk. Compared with untreated ewes, the number of pituitary GnRH receptors was elevated (P less than .05) at 12 d and 28 d, but pituitary content of LH had decreased (P less than .05) by 28 d in ewes treated with 100 mg ENC. To determine whether ENC could block the inhibitory effects of estradiol on serum concentrations of LH, ewes received injections of .03, .1, 1 or 10 mg ENC every 4 d. Half the ewes treated with each dose also received estradiol implants. Injection of .03, .1 or 1 mg ENC alone did not affect serum concentrations of LH, whereas the 10-mg dose decreased serum concentrations of LH below 1 ng/ml by wk 1 of treatment. No dose prevented the inhibition of serum concentrations of LH caused by estradiol implants. In ovariectomized ewes, ENC was antagonistic to estradiol; it prevented the positive effects of estradiol required to induce an LH surge.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Isolation and Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mycolic Acids

Mycolic acids are an important constituent of the mycobacterial cell wall. Changes in the structure or composition of mycolic acids have been associated with modification of cell wall permeability and attenuation of pathogenic Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains. This unit describes the isolation of M. tuberculosis mycolic acids and their analysis by either thin-layer chromatography or high-performance liquid chromatography. Both techniques have been extensively used to study (1) mycolic acid biosynthesis, (2) the role of mycolic acids in mycobacterial virulence, (3) the effect of antituberculosis drugs targeting the cell wall, and (4) taxonomic purposes. Keywords: TLC; HPLC; tuberculosis; extraction; MAMEs