cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vaccine Crisis: An Emerging Societal Problem

On December 13, 1984, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) announced that a shortage of diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine was developing [1]. With current patterns of use, supplies were expected to be limited beginning in early 1985 and result in inadequate quantities of DTP vaccine in some areas. The situation was likely to continue throughout most of the year. This shortage subsequently has been temporarily alleviated by increased vaccine production, redistribution of existing supplies, and reduction in the number of doses given to children during the shortage. The USPHS Immunization Practice Advisory Committee and the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Infectious Diseases have concurred with the recommendation that the DTP vaccine doses usually given at 18 months and four to six years of age should be postponed until increased supplies are available. The problems of insufficient childhood vaccines for the American public, however, are far from solved. The immediate situation with DTP vaccine has been marked by spot shortages, and the adequacy of supplies in 1985 remains precarious and necessitates the occurrence of no major changes in production or marketing policies by the single remaining distributor of DTP vaccine. Neither of these conditions can be taken for granted. More ominous, and less well appreciated by the medical community and public, are the causes of the current problem and their implications for current childhood immunization programs. Review of the factors causing the present shortage indicates that it has not been unexpected and is symptomatic of fundamental issues in United States immunization policies. These issues transcend the scientific boundaries of vaccine efficacy, safety, and laboratory development, and involve legal, economic, political, and communication domains of our society.
Distributed Parameter Direct Adaptive Control Using a New Version of the Barbalat-Lyapunov Stability Result in Hilbert Space

Abstract: Given a linear continuous-time infinite-dimensional plant on a Hilbert space and disturbances of known waveform but unknown amplitude and phase, we show that there exists a stabilizing direct model reference adaptive control law with certain disturbance rejection and robustness properties. The plant is described by a closed, densely defined linear operator that generates a continuous semigroup of bounded operators on the Hilbert space of states. The central result is an extension of Barbalat-Lyapunov result for infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces. This is used to determine conditions under which a linear Infinite-dimensional system can be directly adaptively regulated. Our results are applied to adaptive control of general linear diffusion systems.
Effects of Adrenalectomy on Pigmentation of Hair in Rats Fed a Deficient Diet

SummaryGraying of the hair results in black rats fed a vitamin B-complex-free diet, supplemented with thiamine, riboflavin, and pyridoxine. New hair growing in after the ablation of both adrenal glands in rats kept on such a deficient diet is again well pigmented. To determine whether the increased pigmentation was due to the lack of the medullary or cortical portion of the adrenal, the adrenals were transplanted into the kidneys. The medullary portion of the adrenal degenerated, the cortex persisted, and poorly pigmented hair grew on the animals. Thus the lack of the cortex was related to the increased pigmentation following adrenalectomy.
Synthesis, Structure and Luminescent Properties of Two Zinc Coordination Polymers Based on Biphenyl-3,3′,5-tricarboxylic and 2,6-Bis(imidazole-1-yl)pyridine Ligands

Two coordination polymers, {[Zn3(H2O)7(bpta)2]·5H2O}n(1)(H3bpta=biphenyl-3,3′,5-tricarboxylic acid) and {[Zn2Cl(bpta)(bip)2]·2H2O}n(2) [bip=2,6-bis(imidazole-1-yl)pyridine], have been synthesized under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 crystallizes in monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a=3.317 1(11) nm, b=1.495 7(5) nm, c=0.695 1(2) nm, β=91.50°, Z=4. Complex 2 crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P2/c with a=1.960 4(4) nm, b=1.035 7(2) nm, c=1.998 7(4) nm, β=101.97(3)°, Z=4. For 1, Zn髤 bridged by bpta ligands to form a 1D chain, through the hydrogen bonding interaction between water molecules and carboxylate oxygen atoms, further extend 1D chains into a 3D structure. For 2, Zn髤 were linked by bip ligands to form a 1D helical chain, and 1D chains further connected by bpta ligands to form 2D network. In addition, TG and luminescent properties of two complexes have also been investigated. CCDC: 929651, 1; CCDC: 929652, 2.
The Principle and Implement of DES Algorithm

DES is the most popular encryption Algorithm,it is used mostly in popular encryption.This paper analyzes and Research of the principle and the implement of DES Algorithm,and analyzes it's program script of C.At last,it presents the security of DES Algorithm.
Analysis of Clay Deformation as a Rate Process

The deformation of clays under shear stress is considered to be the result of slip at the particle contacts. The theory is based on the hypothesis that slip occurs first at the contacts with weak bonds, after which the stress is transferred to contacts with strong bonds capable of resisting the load imposed on them. The slip at the particle contacts is assumed to obey the rate process theory. The behavior of the rheological model is found to agree with the results of creep and stress relaxation experiments. The rheological parameters calculated from the experimental data are used to interpret the mechanism of clay deformation.
Clinical and Anatomic Insights From a Series of Ethmoidal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas at Barrow Neurological Institute.

Background Ethmoidal dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) have a malignant natural history and an anatomy that make endovascular therapy challenging. Their uniqueness begs for stratified analyses, but this has largely been precluded by their rarity. We sought to summarize the anatomic, presentation, treatment approaches, and clinical outcomes of patients with these lesions. Methods We reviewed our prospectively maintained institutional database to identify patients diagnosed with ethmoidal dAVFs from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015. We evaluated demographic, presentation, angiographic, treatment, and follow-up data. Results In total, 27 patients with ethmoidal dAVFs underwent endovascular and/or surgical treatment. Mean patient age was 62 years old and there was a male sex predilection (67% men; 2:1 male-female ratio). All dAVFs exhibited direct cortical venous drainage; venous ectasia was present in 59% of cases. Of the dAVFs, 30% drained posteriorly into the basal vein of Rosenthal or the sylvian veins. Embolization with casting of the draining vein was successful in 2 of 9 cases (22%), including 1 successful transvenous case. There were no clinical or permanent complications from embolization; specifically, no patients experienced visual loss after treatment. Surgical treatment with successful dAVF obliteration was carried out in 24 of 24 patients (100%). One patient declined surgical treatment after attempted endovascular embolization. There were no permanent complications after surgical treatment and no cases of wound infection or cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Conclusions Surgical disconnection remains the gold standard in the treatment of ethmoidal dAVFs. Embolization is a consideration for well-selected cases with favorable arterial or venous access anatomy.
Optimization and Analysis of MPI Collective Communication on Fat-Tree Networks

We explore new collective algorithms to optimize MPIBcast, MPIReduce and MPIAllreduce on InfiniBand clusters. Our algorithms are specifically designed for fat-tree networks. We present multi-color k-ary trees with a novel mapping scheme to map the colors to fat-tree network nodes. Our multi-color tree algorithms result in better utilization of network links over traditional algorithms on fat-tree networks. We also present optimizations for clusters of SMP nodes as we explore both hybrid and Multi Leader SMP techniques to achieve the best performance. We show the benefits of our algorithms with performance results from micro-benchmarks on POWER8 and X86 InfiniBand clusters. We also show performance optimizations from our algorithms in the PARATEC and QBOX applications.
Indexing iris images using the Burrows-Wheeler Transform

In most biometric identification systems, the input biometric data has to be compared against that of every identity in the database in order to determine the identity of the input. A major problem with this approach is the impact on response time which can increase significantly with the size of the database. In certain applications such as real time monitoring, this delay may not be acceptable. In this work, we propose a method for indexing iris images for rapid identity retrieval. Every entry in the database is assigned an index code based on which a small subset is retrieved and matched in response to a query. The basis of our approach is the sorted context property of the Burrows Wheeler Transform, a popular transformation used in data compression. Experiments on the CASIA version 3 iris database show a significant reduction in both search time and search space.
Simplified, Rapid Method to Measure Diameter of Bacteriophage Plaques

A procedure is described for accurately determining the diameter of bacteriophage plaques down to .05 mm in diameter.
Clinical Outcomes of Bronchiolitis After Implementation of a General Ward High Flow Nasal Cannula Guideline.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to assess the association of the introduction of a ward’s high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) guideline with clinical outcomes of infants with bronchiolitis. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, pre–post intervention study with an interrupted time series analysis of infants admitted with bronchiolitis between 2010 and 2014 at an urban, tertiary care children’s hospital. Patients admitted in the 24 months before and after initiation of a guideline for HFNC use on the general wards were compared. The primary outcome was length of hospital stay. Secondary outcomes were PICU transfer rate and length of stay, intubation rate, and 30-day readmission, adjusted for season. RESULTS: A total of 1937 patients met inclusion criteria; 936 were admitted before and 1001 admitted after the introduction of HFNC use on the general wards. Comparing the 2 groups, the hospital-wide rate of HFNC use in bronchiolitis treatment increased after HFNC became available on the wards (23.9% vs 35.2%; P P = .48), PICU length of stay ( P = .06), or rate of PICU transfer ( P = .97). There was also no difference in intubation rate or 30-day readmission between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS: Initiating a guideline for HFNC use on the general pediatric wards was associated with an increase in the use of the intervention with no significant change in total hospital length of stay, PICU length of stay and transfer rate, intubation rate, or 30-day readmission for patients with bronchiolitis.
Optimization of 18F PET tracer syntheses using non-radioactive 19F reagents at tracer level concentrations

277 Objectives The fast growing PET imaging industry requires a quick and robust process for tracer development. However, the traditional approach of testing radiosynthetic reactions faces the challenge of high radioactive exposure, cost and an inability to perform serial reactions due to tracer decay. In order to accelerate tracer development, there is an urgent need to develop a more practical and efficient way to explore radiosynthetic conditions. In this study, we report a novel strategy to simulate radioactive 18F syntheses by using tracer level non-radioactive 19F reagents. Methods As the proof-of-concept study, the “cold” syntheses of D2/D3 receptor ligand Fallypride were performed under various conditions with the tosylate precursor (2 mg) and tracer level KF (150 ng, 2.58 nmol per reaction). The product formation was analyzed on a liquid chromatography coupled with Agilent 6460C triple quadrapole mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), and quantified by fitting in a calibration curve with the range of 1 - 16,000 ng/ml of the standard. To compare the yield of the “cold” reactions with the radiosyntheses, the radiochemical reactions under the same conditions were carried out, and the decay-corrected yields were calculated. Having the protocol validated from the Fallypride syntheses, the synthesis of the 5HT2a tracer MDL100907 was optimized using Cu catalyzed fluorination under tracer level “cold” conditions.1 The optimizations experiments allowed us to select novel conditions with a new precursors provided improved yields. The superior radiosyntheses procedure for [18F]MDL100907 was established using the optimized condition of the “cold” reactions. Results In Fallypride syntheses, it proved possible to detect and quantify nanogram level of non-radioactive Fallypride on the LC-MS/MS. By comparing the yield of the non-radioactive approaches with the radiosyntheses, highly comparable results and positive correlations were obtained which confirmed the feasibility of the non-radioactive approach. With the validated protocol, the synthesis of MDL100907 was successfully optimized using the Cu-mediated nucleophilic fluorination with tracer level non-radioactive fluoride, up to 18.1% yield was obtained (Table 1). The radiosynthesis of [18F]MDL100907 was achieved under the best “cold” condition, a comparable decay corrected yield of 22% was obtained which is significantly higher than the published syntheses in much shorter synthesis time.2 Trends on the excess quantity of base and yield were consistent with other reported work.3 Conclusions The combination of tracer-level “cold” 19F reactions and LC-MS/MS provided a reliable and high-throughput tool to simulate and optimize radioactive 18F reactions, which will find great potential in accelerating tracer development process. Using this technique, the radiosynthesis of [18F]MDL100907 was quickly optimized with greatly improved yield and a more convenient process.
Sticking with it: Psychotherapy outcomes for adults with autism spectrum disorder in a university counseling center setting

Young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience high rates of comorbid mental health concerns in addition to distress arising from the core symptoms of autism. Many adults with ASD seek psychological treatment in outpatient facilities in their communities that are not specifically geared toward individuals with ASD. However, few studies have looked at the effectiveness of standard psychotherapeutic care in adults with ASD. This study aimed to discover how individuals with ASD fare in psychotherapy within a college counseling setting, compared to their neurotypical peers. Clients with ASD (n = 76) or possible ASD (n = 91) were retrospectively identified from counseling center case notes. Data from the Outcome Questionnaire-45 (OQ) were retrieved for each therapy session as a measure of client distress. Clients with ASD showed no difference in level of distress at intake compared to their neurotypical peers (n = 21,546), and improved about the same amount from pre- to post-treatment. However, students with ASD stayed in treatment for significantly more sessions than neurotypical clients, and took significantly longer to achieve maximum improvement on OQ reports. Results are discussed with implications for university and other community based treatment settings. Autism Res 2017, 10: 2048–2055. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Lay Summary This study aimed to discover how individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) fare in psychotherapy within a university counseling setting, compared to their neurotypical peers. Clients with ASD showed no difference in level of distress at intake compared to their neurotypical peers, and improved about the same amount from pre- to post-treatment. However, students with ASD stayed in treatment for significantly more sessions than neurotypical clients, and took significantly longer to achieve maximum improvement on Outcome Questionnaire-45 reports.
Award or Reward? Which comes first, NIH funding or research impact?

Which comes first, funding or research impact? We use causal inference to determine the direction of influence in a record of 70,000 NIH-funded investigators, which was recently released. Contrary to the basic premise of many funding policies, we find that the number of citations of an investigator determine funding levels, but not the other way around.
Cardiomyopathy: An Overview

The definition and classification of cardiomyopathy have evolved considerably in recent years. Cardiomyopathy can be separated into primary (genetic, mixed, or acquired) and secondary categories, which result in varied phenotypes including dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive patterns. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most common primary cardiomyopathy and can cause exertional dyspnea, presyncope, atypical chest pain, heart failure, and sudden cardiac death. Dilated cardiomyopathy can be genetic or acquired and typically presents with classic symptoms of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Restrictive cardiomyopathy is much less common and often associated with systemic disease. Family physicians should be alert for acquired variants of cardiomyopathy, including peripartum and stress-induced cardiomyopathy, as well as rare variants, such as arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia and left ventricular noncompaction. In addition to history and physical examination, diagnosis of cardiomyopathy includes electrocardiography and echocardiography testing. Treatment may include appropriately staged therapy for heart failure, appropriate activity restriction, evaluation for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement, and consideration of heart transplantation in refractory cases. Genetic testing of families is an emerging modality with some potential to augment traditional screening performed by family physicians.
Effective Broad-Coverage Deep Parsing

Current semantic parsers either compute shallow representations over a wide range of input, or deeper representations in very limited domains. We describe a system that provides broad-coverage, deep semantic parsing designed to work in any domain using a core domain-general lexicon, ontology and grammar. This paper discusses how this core system can be customized for a particularly challenging domain, namely reading research papers in biology. We evaluate these customizations with some ablation experiments
Angle correction in transcranial Doppler sonography

Since the introduction of transcranial Doppler sonography in the early 1980s, flow velocity estimates have assumed a 0- to 30-degree angle of insonation. Based on limited radiological and anatomical studies, such as assumption appeared justified, and seemed to confer only minimal potential for error due to the cosine function in the Doppler formula. The introduction of transcranial color duplex sonography allows the direct evaluation of this assumption and the effect on flow velocities. Fifteen healthy volunteers were studied bilaterally using a unilateral transtemporal approach from the right. Velocity measurements were taken from the middle, anterior, and posterior cerebral arteries. Flow velocities were obtained with and without angle correction (0 degree). After completion of the color duplex study, velocities were obtained with a conventional, "blind" Doppler transducer at corresponding depths. For all insonated vessels the average angle of insonation was around 30 degrees. However, there was a wide variability of individual angles of insonation (0-70 degrees) in specific vessels. In 74.5% of all vessels, the angle-corrected flow velocity did not exceed the uncorrected velocity by more than 25%. In 14.5% the angle-corrected velocity was 25 to 50% higher and in 10.8% it was more than 50% higher as compared to the uncorrected velocity. Thus, the angle of insonation was unpredictable and often higher than originally expected. Angle-corrected velocities were higher than uncorrected values, and were more than 25% higher in about one-fourth of the vessels studied. Understanding of the clinical importance of such differences requires further study.
Geochronology and geomorphology of the Jones Point glacial landform in Lower Hudson Valley (New York): Insight into deglaciation processes since the Last Glacial Maximum

Abstract The glacial deposits at Jones Point, located on the western side of the lower Hudson River, New York, were investigated with geologic, geophysical, remote sensing and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating methods to build an interpretation of landform origin, formation and timing. OSL dates on eight samples of quartz sand, seven single-aliquot, and one single-grain of quartz yield an age range of 14–27 ka for the proglacial and glaciofluvial deposits at Jones Point. Optical age results suggest that Jones Point deposits largely predate the glacial Lake Albany drainage erosional flood episode in the Hudson River Valley ca. 15–13 ka. Based on this data, we conclude that this major erosional event mostly removed valley fill deposits, leaving elevated terraces during deglaciation at the end of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Our analysis supports the earlier 15 ka date for the flood occurrence and suggests that more recent overlying glaciofluvial deposits formed in the lee-side of the Jones Point promontory.
Learning to reconstruct shape and spatially-varying reflectance from a single image

Reconstructing shape and reflectance properties from images is a highly under-constrained problem, and has previously been addressed by using specialized hardware to capture calibrated data or by assuming known (or highly constrained) shape or reflectance. In contrast, we demonstrate that we can recover non-Lambertian, spatially-varying BRDFs and complex geometry belonging to any arbitrary shape class, from a single RGB image captured under a combination of unknown environment illumination and flash lighting. We achieve this by training a deep neural network to regress shape and reflectance from the image. Our network is able to address this problem because of three novel contributions: first, we build a large-scale dataset of procedurally generated shapes and real-world complex SVBRDFs that approximate real world appearance well. Second, single image inverse rendering requires reasoning at multiple scales, and we propose a cascade network structure that allows this in a tractable manner. Finally, we incorporate an in-network rendering layer that aids the reconstruction task by handling global illumination effects that are important for real-world scenes. Together, these contributions allow us to tackle the entire inverse rendering problem in a holistic manner and produce state-of-the-art results on both synthetic and real data.
New directions in the study of African American recolonization

When W.E.B Du Bois branded the Liberia colonization movement as ‘poorly conceived and not altogether genuine,’ he captured the sentiment of generations of scholars. As a broad, long-lived social ex...
Socio-Material Archaeological Networks at Çatalhöyük a Community Detection Approach

Vast in scale and densely inhabited, Late Neolithic Near Eastern megasites have been variously considered in relation to urbanity. Often viewed as failed experiments on the path to proper urbanism or proto-urban sites, these settlements reveal few signs of hierarchical social stratification despite their large size; as such, they represent a challenge for the understanding of early processes of community formation and social integration. Drawing upon a wide range of data and using socio-material network analysis as a methodological tool, this paper explores the way the late Neolithic site of Catalhoyuk was organized internally and specifically the way individual houses were embedded in the wider social fabric of the site. This study sheds light on the nature of the networks of social engagement and affiliation that emerge in the Holocene within large early agricultural communities and the way such networks were manifested.
A residual-based variational multiscale method with weak imposition of boundary conditions for buoyancy-driven flows

Abstract There is growing interest in high fidelity simulations of buoyancy-driven flows in indoor environments. This is driven to a large extent by the push to utilize naturally occurring flows to reduce energy consumption in the built environment. Naturally occurring (buoyancy-driven) flows exhibit spatiotemporal thermal fluctuations, and accurately capturing these thermal variations is essential to calculate energy usage. In this work, we deploy a residual-based variational multiscale (VMS) finite element large-eddy simulation model for accurately modeling buoyancy-driven flows in enclosed environments. We use the canonical example of the Rayleigh–Benard convection problem in 2D and 3D to verify and validate the VMS model. We show good comparison with benchmark numerical and experimental results across seven orders of magnitude variation in Rayleigh numbers ( R a ∼ 1 0 3 to 1 0 10 ), covering laminar, transition, and turbulent regimes without any extra treatments. We additionally employ weak enforcement of Dirichlet boundary conditions for both velocity and temperature, and show that comparable results can be produced with much coarser meshes. This confirms that the VMS framework with weak imposition of Dirichlet boundary conditions is a computationally efficient approach to model buoyancy-driven flow physics in complex indoor environments.
Anhang: Der Plazebobegriff in Medizin und Psychiatrie

Worin genau besteht das Problem, eine Intervention oder eine Behandlung t als Plazebo fur eine Zielstorung D zu identifizieren? Eine Reihe von Umstanden, unter denen u. a. die Notwendigkeit fur eine solche Identifizierung gegeben sein mag, wird im folgenden beschrieben. Nachdem t einigen Opfern von D verabreicht wurde, bessert sich das Leiden bei einigen von ihnen in signifikantem Mase. Nun nehmen wir an, es gibt einen schlussigen Beleg, das diese Besserung tatsachlich dem einen oder anderen Faktor in dem Spektrum von Komponenten, die die Anwendung von t auf einen Patienten mit einschliesen, kausal zugeschrieben werden kann. Dann kann es wichtig werden, zu wissen, ob der Therapieerfolg, der sich aus t in Form einer Linderung von D ergibt, auf jene besonderen Faktoren bei der Anwendung von t zuruckgeht, denen den Verfechtern von t zufolge theoretisch das positive Therapieergebnis als Verdienst anzurechnen ist. Ein Ziel dieses Beitrags ist es, im einzelnen zu artikulieren, in welchem Zusammenhang die Antwort auf diese Frage mit derjenigen steht, ob t generisch ein Plazebo darstellt oder nicht. Denn wie sich zeigen wird, ist die medizinische und psychiatrische Literatur uber Plazebos und ihre Wirkung begrifflich fast schon babylonisch verwirrend.
“Plow Him Like a Queen!”: Jewish Female Masculinity, Queer Glamor, and Racial Commentary in Broad City:

Starring raunchy Jewish women, Comedy Central’s Broad City (2014–2019) invites feminist comedy theory to better address race and ethnicity. Feminist comedy theory has long used Kathleen Rowe’s mode...
Neural Networks at the Edge

As neural networks gain importance with several successful applications of them, this paper raises the question of how they can be applied in the context of coalition operations. A key challenge in military coalition operations is that of energy and severe bandwidth constraints. We address this challenge by exploring the use of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and splitting them across multiple edge nodes. Further, we explore the idea of using spiking neural networks that can lower the energy consumption significantly. Preliminary results show that both these approaches can have significant impact on coalition operations.
Approach to a patient with cardiac amyloidosis

Cardiac amyloid (CA) is characterized by inexorably progressive heart failure making early diagnosis and treatment imperative. This article will review the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, prognostication and treatment of patients with CA.
Investigation of Gender Differences and Exclusive Criteria in a Diabetic Acute Ischemic Stroke Population Treated with Recombinant Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator (rtPA).

BACKGROUND Many studies have reported that women who survive stroke have less favorable outcomes than men in the use of rtPA, while others reported worse outcomes in men than women. Whether there is gender difference in the exclusion criteria in a diabetic stroke population is not fully understood. This issue was investigated in this study. METHOD In a diabetic stroke population from a stroke registry of data collected between January 2010 to June 30, 2016, gender difference was determined using demographics and clinical factors. Comparison was determined using univariate analysis while multivariable models was used to adjust for the effect of confounding variables. RESULTS In a diabetic stroke population of 439 patients more females were excluded than males (P<0.0001, OR 2.323). The male exclusion was associated with atrial fibrillation (P=0.011, OR 3.697), carotid artery stenosis (P=0.023, OR 5.001), and cholesterol reducer (P=0.037, OR 0.409). In the female diabetic stroke population, exclusion from rt-PA therapy was associated with language disturbances (P=0.039, OR 0.372) history of previous stroke (P=0.005, OR 3.276), antihypertensive medication use (P=0.013, OR=0.163), and antidiabetic medication use (P=0.031, OR 0.324). CONCLUSION. In a stroke population, women have a worse outcome than men in an untreated acute ischemic stroke population, but when treated, there is no significant difference, suggesting a better treatment outcome for women compared to men. In a diabetic stroke population, the clinical variables for the exclusion criteria for women and men are significantly different, even after adjustment for confounding variables.
Variability of bottom carbonate chemistry over the deep coral reefs in the Florida Straits and the impacts of mesoscale processes

Abstract Abundant and diverse cold-water coral and fish communities can be found in the deep waters of the Florida Straits, which are believed to be living under suboptimal conditions impacted by increasing oceanic CO2 levels. Yet, little is known regarding the spatial–temporal variability of bottom carbonate chemistry parameters and their dynamic drivers in this area. To address this issue, we present results from numerical simulations of a coupled physical-biogeochemical model for the south Florida shelf and Florida Straits. Our exploratory analysis focuses on two well-known deep-coral habitats: Pourtales Terrace (200–450 m) and Miami Terrace (270–600 m). Results suggest that bottom waters along the northern/western slope of the Straits are comprised primarily of the North Atlantic Central Water (NWCW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW), driven by upwelling associated with the bottom Ekman transport of the Florida Current. Over the Pourtales Terrace, both the meandering of the Florida Current and mesoscale eddies modulate the upwelling (downwelling) of cold (warm) waters. In contrast, Florida Current makes a sharp turn at the southern end of the Miami Terrace leading to persistent island wakes, frequent occurrences of a transient eddy, and strong upwelling of deep waters toward the platform of the terrace. Passage of the transient eddy often accompanies strong downwelling of warm waters and a return (southward) flow on top of the platform. Overall, bottom water properties including temperature (T), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) show strong variability on weekly to monthly time-scales over entire Pourtales Terrace and on the platform of Miami Terrac, mostly driven by physics. In deeper areas (>400 m), bottom water properties are fairly stable with both DIC and TA showing narrow ranges. Interestingly, waters over the southeastern portion of the Pourtales Terrace show consistently warmer temperature, lower DIC, and higher TA than those on top of this terrace. The aragonite saturation state ( Ω ) ranges 1.2-2 on top of the Pourtales Terrace and 1.2-1.7 both on top of Miami Terrace and on the upper slope of Pourtales Terrace. In the deeper slope areas (>400 m), it is nearly constant at 1.2-1.3. This modeling effort suggests that remote forcing and biogeochemical processes along the transport paths, from the Gulf of Mexico to the Straits, are significant but second-order contributors to the variability of bottom carbonate chemistry. The impacts of benthic biogeochemical processes along the transit paths are not resolved.
Counselors’-in-Training Perceptions of Using Music for Theoretical Conceptualization Training

Counselor education programs must provide effective educational opportunities for counselors-in-training (CIT) to learn and apply theoretical conceptualizations. This qualitative research study exp...
Pulmonary infection interrupts acute cutaneous wound healing through disruption of chemokine signals

Studies of the immune response typically focus on single-insult systems, with little known about how multi-insult encounters are managed. Pneumonia in patients recovering from surgery is a clinical situation that exemplifies the need for the patient to mount two distinct immune responses. Examining this, we have determined that poor wound healing is an unreported complication of pneumonia in laparotomy patients. Using mouse models, we found that lung infection suppressed the trafficking of innate leukocytes to wounded skin, while pulmonary resistance to the bacterial infection was maintained. The dual insults caused distinct systemic and local changes to the inflammatory response, the most striking being a rapid and sustained decrease in chemokine levels at the wound site of mice with pneumonia. Remarkably, replenishing wound chemokine levels completely rescued the wound-healing rate in mice with a pulmonary infection. These findings have broad implications for understanding the mechanisms guiding the innate immune system to prioritize inflammatory sites.
Research Handbook on Child Soliders

Child victims of conflict embody the unnecessary suffering wrought by war. In addition to morbidity and mortality sustained through direct injury, children suffer indirect effects of conflict such ...
Multipliers based on the Interlaced Carry Arrest Addition

Proposed here are multipliers based on interlaced carry arrest addition. These multipliers save, in VLSI simulations, up to 27% in average power, in comparison to the Wallace tree multipliers, with only a small increase in latency.
The Hispanic paradox in the prevalence of obesity at the county-level.

Objective The percentage of Hispanics in a county has a negative association with prevalence of obesity. Because Hispanic individuals are unevenly distributed in the United States, this study examined whether this protective association persists when stratifying counties into quartiles based on the size of the Hispanic population and after adjusting for county-level demographic, socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental factors. Methods Data were extracted from the 2018 Robert Wood Johnson Foundation County Health Rankings. Counties were categorized into quartiles based on their percentage of Hispanics, 0%-5% (n = 1794), 5%-20% (n = 962), 20%-50% (n = 283), and >50% (n = 99). For each quartile, univariate and multivariate regression models were used to evaluate the association between prevalence of obesity and demographic, socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental factors. Results Counties with the top quartile of Hispanic individuals had the lowest prevalence of obesity compared to counties at the bottom quartile (28.4 ± 3.6% vs. 32.7 ± 4.0%). There was a negative association between county-level percentage of Hispanics and prevalence of obesity in unadjusted analyses that persisted after adjusting for all county-level factors. Conclusions Counties with a higher percentage of Hispanics have lower levels of obesity, even after controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, healthcare, and environmental factors. More research is needed to elucidate why having more Hispanics in a county may be protective against county-level obesity.
JEM: A joint test to estimate the effect of multiple genetic variants on DNA methylation

Multiple methods have been proposed to aggregate genetic variants in a gene or a region and jointly test their association with a trait of interest. However, these joint tests do not provide estimates of the individual effect of each variant. Moreover, few methods have evaluated the joint association of multiple variants with DNA methylation. We propose a method based on linear mixed models to estimate the joint and individual effect of multiple genetic variants on DNA methylation leveraging genomic annotations. Our approach is flexible, can incorporate covariates and annotation features, and takes into account relatedness and linkage disequilibrium (LD). Our method had correct Type-I error and overall high power for different simulated scenarios where we varied the number and specificity of functional annotations, number of causal and total genetic variants, frequency of genetic variants, LD, and genetic variant effect. Our method outperformed the family Sequence Kernel Association Test and had more stable estimations of effects than a classical single-variant linear mixed-effect model. Applied genome-wide to the Framingham Heart Study data, our method identified 921 DNA methylation sites influenced by at least one rare or low-frequency genetic variant located within 50 kilobases (kb) of the DNA methylation site.
Abstract 236: Aldehydes in Cigarette Smoke Impair Vascular Endothelial Function

Introduction: Exposure to tobacco and marijuana smoke impairs vascular endothelial function. While the particulate phase of smoke is heavily implicated, the role of volatile constituents is unclear. Smoke contains aldehydes, which are known to cause endothelial dysfunction. We explored whether two aldehydes found in smoke, acrolein and acetaldehyde, can induce endothelial dysfunction. Hypothesis: Aldehydes in smoke impair endothelial function. Methods: We exposed 4 groups of anesthetized rats to 3 ppm acrolein and 10-11.5 ppm acetaldehyde gases (concentrations relevant to levels in secondhand smoke), Marlboro Red cigarette sidestream smoke at modest levels (600 μg/m 3 PM2.5) as a positive control, and clean air through the gas generation system as a negative control. Exposure was continuous for 10 minutes. Endothelial function (flow-mediated dilation; FMD) was quantified pre- and post-exposure by measuring femoral artery diameter with ultrasound before and after 5 min of transient ischemia and expressed as % vasodilation. Results: Impairment of FMD was observed for acrolein (10.8±1.7(SD)% vs. 5.8±2.9%, p=.001), acetaldehyde (8.8±2.0% vs. 6.0±2.5%, p=.001), and cigarette smoke (9.4±2.9% vs. 5.8±2.0%, p=.002), but not for air (7.9±2.0% vs. 9±3.2%, p=.44) (figure; each colored line denotes a rat pre- and post-exposure; bars denote means). Conclusions: Acrolein and acetaldehyde at levels found in secondhand smoke impair endothelial function. Our results suggest that despite a potential role of particles, volatile aldehydes may mediate part of the endothelial dysfunction caused by exposure to smoke.
Paper-based Sensing of Fucosylated Biological Compounds

Summary Advances in sensing technology have enabled rapid analysis of various biomolecules including complex carbohydrates. However, glycan analysis is limited by the throughput and complexity of assays for quantifying them. We describe a simple, low-cost enzymatic assay for the rapid analysis of fucosylation, down to linkage specificity, and its application to high-throughput screening of biologically relevant fucosylated compounds, to facilitate simple and straightforward analytical techniques. Paper-based devices integrate biosensor platforms and other diagnostic assays by fusing them with wax printing technology, making their fabrication even more inexpensive and simple. The specificity of the assay is established by linkage-specific glycosidic enzymes and the colorimetric output is visible to the naked eye, with costs that are lower than fluorescence/luminescence-based assays ($0.02/reaction). This platform was further improved by enhancing storage stability to retain analytical performance over time using desiccation and freeze-drying techniques. The assay platform allows analysis of hundreds of samples in minutes and we anticipate that this rapid and simple analytical method will be extended towards developing a universal glyco-barcoding platform for high throughput screening of glycosylation.
Perioperative Outcomes and Surgical Route of Colpopexy in Women with Prior Hysterectomy

Study Objective To compare the perioperative outcomes associated with colpopexy performed in women with prior hysterectomy via different surgical approaches. Design This is a retrospective cohort study. The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project (NSQIP) database from 2014 to 2017 was queried for all women who underwent abdominal, laparoscopic/robotic or vaginal colpopexy. Our primary outcome was the composite morbidity (including surgical site infection, pulmonary, sepsis, thromboembolic, cardiac and renal complications). Our secondary outcomes included length of stay, readmission, reoperation and surgical complications. A multivariable logistic regression adjusting for Age, BMI, operative time and surgical approach was performed. Setting Hospitals participating in the NSQIP program. Patients or Participants Women with prior hysterectomy who underwent colpopexy via different routes. Interventions N/A Measurements and Main Results 2904 colpopexies were analyzed including 328 (11.3%) abdominal, 1576 (54.3%) laparoscopic and 1000 (34.4%) vaginal colpopexies. The abdominal approach was associated with an increased risk of the primary outcome compared to the laparoscopic and vaginal approaches (6%, 2%, 1.1%, aOR: ref, 0.32(0.18-0.57), 0.24(0.1-0.52) respectively, p 2 days and readmission compared to the other approaches (all p Interestingly, vaginal colpopexy was associated with a higher risk of urinary tract infection compared to the abdominal and the laparoscopic approach (5.2%, 2.7% and 3% respectively, p Conclusion Laparoscopic and vaginal colpopexy performed in women with prior hysterectomy are associated with a lower rate of perioperative morbidity compared to the abdominal approach. The minimally invasive routes should be performed when feasible.
Coherence Diversity DoF in MIMO Relays: Generalization, Transmission Schemes, and Multi-Relay Strategies

This paper studies the MIMO relay with nonidentical link coherence times, a condition known as coherence diversity. This happens in practice when a node or the scatterers surrounding it have different mobility compared with the conditions at or around other nodes. In this paper, coherence diversity in relays is studied under link coherence intervals with arbitrary (unequal) length and alignment. Second, a new transmission scheme under coherence diversity is proposed in which the relay transmission is given a duty cycle based on the balance between the gain versus the channel training costs in the relay-destination link. Finally, we investigate multiple parallel relays operating under non-identical coherence intervals, propose transmission strategies, and calculate degrees of freedom.
Ablative Radiotherapy Synergizes With Protein Vaccination to Upregulate Systemic Dendritic Cell Function Within Non-Draining Lymph Nodes.

Purpose/Objective(s) Dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in the response of T cells to soluble antigen. Dendritic cells instruct whether initial T cell priming interactions result in anti-tumor immunity or tolerance. Type I conventional dendritic cells (cDC1) are required in order to prime functional anti-tumor CD8 T cell responses through cross-presentation of extracellular tumor associated antigens. In tumor bearing mouse models, radiotherapy (RT) has been shown to stimulate cDC1 dependent cytotoxic T cell responses. Here we utilize a tumor free mouse model system to interrogate the effects of RT on DCs within draining and distant lymph nodes. Our hypothesis is that ablative radiotherapy will synergize with immunomodulation (Poly I:C) to systemically increase the function of DCs within both draining and abscopal sites. Materials/Methods Utilizing a vaccine model to evaluate the effects of ablative radiotherapy on DC percentage, phenotype, and function, C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously vaccinated in the flank with soluble ovalbumin (OVA) antigen with or without Poly I:C adjuvant and followed by a single 20 Gy fraction of RT at the vaccine site. Antigen uptake was evaluated using AlexFluor-488 conjugated OVA and antigen processing by DCs was assessed using DQ-OVA, a self-quenching protein conjugate which only exhibits fluorescence upon proteolytic degradation. Following treatment, draining and non-draining lymph nodes with respect to RT were evaluated separately by flow cytometry to assess dendritic cell maturation, antigen load, and antigen processing. Results We found that cDC1 within lymph nodes draining a vaccination site receiving OVA, Poly I:C and RT had increased antigen processing and increased expression of DC licensing and costimulatory molecules compared to either vaccination or RT alone. We also discovered that cDC1 in non-draining (abscopal) nodes did not receive trafficked antigen from the irradiated or Poly I:C vaccine site; however, they did demonstrate increased uptake and processing of local antigen when Poly I:C and RT were co-administered at distal sites. Therefore, the combination of RT and vaccination resulted in systemic increases in DC function distant from the RT site. Conclusion Ablative RT delivered with soluble antigen and Poly I:C adjuvant results in increased systemic function of cDC1 compared to vaccination or RT alone. This experimental system reveals that radiotherapy synergizes with immunomodulation to increase systemic antigen uptake and processing by the DC population required for priming of functional anti-tumor immunity. This work has implications regarding how RT to a single lesion may facilitate priming or reactivation of distal anti-tumor immune responses in metastatic cancer. Follow up studies are underway to elucidate the mechanism of this abscopal effect on DC function and evaluate whether local radiotherapy results in increased tumor associated antigen uptake and presentation at distant sites.
Protein structure prediction using residue-resolved protection factors from hydrogen-deuterium exchange NMR.

Summary Hydrogen-deuterium exchange (HDX) measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) provides structural information for proteins relating to solvent accessibility and flexibility. While this structural information is beneficial, the data cannot be used exclusively to elucidate structures. However, the structural information provided by the HDX-NMR data can be supplemented by computational methods. In previous work, we developed an algorithm in Rosetta to predict structures using qualitative HDX-NMR data (categories of exchange rate). Here we expand on the effort, and utilize quantitative protection factors (PFs) from HDX-NMR for structure prediction. From observed correlations between PFs and solvent accessibility/flexibility measures, we present a scoring function to quantify the agreement with HDX data. Using a benchmark set of 10 proteins, an average improvement of 5.13 A in root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) is observed for cases of inaccurate Rosetta predictions. Ultimately, seven out of 10 predictions are accurate without including HDX data, and nine out of 10 are accurate when using our PF-based HDX score.