cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ULTRAFAST LOW-TEMPERATURE-GROWN-GaAs PHOTOMIXERS*

Various ultrafast electronic and optoelectronic devices have been developed as sources for the terahertz spectral region. Most of these sources exhibit relatively low power spectral density. This can be due to their inherently broadband nature, as with ultrafast switches pumped with subpicosecond optical pulses [1], or to their low conversion efficiencies, as with optical three-wave mixing [2]. Optical heterodyne conversion, or photomixing, has recently been explored as a technique for the production of coherent radiation at terahertz frequencies [3]. In order to produce useful levels of power in this frequency range a photomixer must exhibit high responsivities, be robust under optical pumping, and be capable of ultrafast operation. Low-temperature-grown (LTG) GaAs photomixers have demonstrated all of these properties and should be useful for applications such as ultra-wideband sweep oscillators and tunable local oscillators. This paper will discuss the latest LTG-GaAs photomixer devices, showing twenty times more output power at 3 THz than earlier devices [4].
The Effect of Cyclosporin Concentration on the Efficiency of in Vitro Technetium-99m Radiolabeling of Red Blood Cells

Previous work suggested that the immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin (CsA) was associated with significant decreases in red blood cell (RBC) radiolabeling efficiencies. To test this relationship, we studied five normal, adult male subjects who had received a single oral dose of CsA. Blood samples were drawn at 0, 1, 2, and 4 hours postdosage. In vitro labeling of RBCs by a commercial stannous-pyrophosphate preparation method was done on all samples and the labeling efficiencies calculated. Mean labeling efficiency for all subjects was 95.7% ± 1.7%. CsA concentration was determined on these samples by fluorescent polarization immunoassay (with a polyclonal antibody which detects the parent compound and some metabolites), using an Abbott TDx. The concentrations ranged from 0 ng/ml at predose to peak concentrations up to 1,897 ng/ml postdose. We found no significant effect (r = 0.17) of CsA concentration in whole blood up to 1,897 ng/ml upon labeling efficiency of RBCs. This is contrary to the original work of Allen et al. We postulate that the stannous-pyrophosphate used in our labeling procedure may be responsible for overcoming binding difficulties encountered with CsA in previous work.
Poor immune reconstitution is associated with symptomatic BK polyomavirus viruria in allogeneic stem cell transplant recipients.

Background BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) infections are known indicators of immune suppression in hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients; they can lead to hemorrhagic cystitis, ureteral stenosis, renal dysfunction, and prolonged hospital stays. In this study, we determined transplant-associated variables and immune parameters that can predict for the risk of BKPyV viruria. We hypothesized that BKPyV infection is a marker of poor immune recovery. Methods We analyzed all engrafted patients undergoing first allogeneic HSCT at MD Anderson Cancer Center in Houston between January 2004 and December 2012. We evaluated their immune parameters and their transplant-associated factors. BKPyV positivity was defined as BKPyV detection in urine by polymerase chain reaction testing. Cox proportional hazards model, as well as competing risk analysis method using subdistribution hazard models with death as competing risk, were applied to assess risk of BK viruria. Results We identified a total of 2477 patients with a median age of 52 years. BK viruria was manifest in 25% (n=629) of the patients. The median time from transplantation to BK viruria development was 42 days among the patients who had BK viruria. On multivariate analysis, tumor type, acute GVHD, chronic GVHD, myeloablative conditioning regimen, cord blood as the graft source, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, NK counts, and low platelet count were shown to be significantly associated with BKPyV infection. These finding were further confirmed when models incorporating the competing risk of death yielded similar findings. Conclusion In this study, we report significant associations between BKPyV reactivation following allogeneic HSCT and suppressed immune variables. In addition, this study provides valuable information on the immune status of HSCT recipients as a predictor of BKPyV infections that may in turn help us formulate plans for more effective prevention and treatment of this infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Biomimetic collagen/elastin meshes for ventral hernia repair in a rat model.

Abstract Ventral hernia repair remains a major clinical need. Herein, we formulated a type I collagen/elastin crosslinked blend (CollE) for the fabrication of biomimetic meshes for ventral hernia repair. To evaluate the effect of architecture on the performance of the implants, CollE was formulated both as flat sheets (CollE Sheets) and porous scaffolds (CollE Scaffolds). The morphology, hydrophylicity and in vitro degradation were assessed by SEM, water contact angle and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. The stiffness of the meshes was determined using a constant stretch rate uniaxial tensile test, and compared to that of native tissue. CollE Sheets and Scaffolds were tested in vitro with human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (h-BM-MSC), and finally implanted in a rat ventral hernia model. Neovascularization and tissue regeneration within the implants was evaluated at 6 weeks, by histology, immunofluorescence, and q-PCR. It was found that CollE Sheets and Scaffolds were not only biomechanically sturdy enough to provide immediate repair of the hernia defect, but also promoted tissue restoration in only 6 weeks. In fact, the presence of elastin enhanced the neovascularization in both sheets and scaffolds. Overall, CollE Scaffolds displayed mechanical properties more closely resembling those of native tissue, and induced higher gene expression of the entire marker genes tested, associated with de novo matrix deposition, angiogenesis, adipogenesis and skeletal muscles, compared to CollE Sheets. Altogether, this data suggests that the improved mechanical properties and bioactivity of CollE Sheets and Scaffolds make them valuable candidates for applications of ventral hernia repair. Statement of Significance Due to the elevated annual number of ventral hernia repair in the US, the lack of successful grafts, the design of innovative biomimetic meshes has become a prime focus in tissue engineering, to promote the repair of the abdominal wall, avoid recurrence. Our meshes (CollE Sheets and Scaffolds) not only showed promising mechanical performance, but also allowed for an efficient neovascularization, resulting in new adipose and muscle tissue formation within the implant, in only 6 weeks. In addition, our meshes allowed for the use of the same surgical procedure utilized in clinical practice, with the commercially available grafts. This study represents a significant step in the design of bioactive acellular off-the-shelf biomimetic meshes for ventral hernia repair.
Event Detection Using Frame-Semantic Parser.

Recent methods for Event Detection focus on Deep Learning for automatic feature generation and feature ranking. However, most of those approaches fail to exploit rich semantic information, which results in relatively poor recall. This paper is a small & focused contribution, where we introduce an Event Detection and classification system, based on deep semantic information retrieved from a frame-semantic parser. Our experiments show that our system achieves higher recall than state-of-the-art systems. Further, we claim that enhancing our system with deep learning techniques like feature ranking can achieve even better results, as it can benefit from both approaches.
ALIGNSEC: viewing protein secondary structure predictions within large multiple sequence alignments.

Motivation ALIGNSEC is a module within ANTHEPROT designed for the interactive display, edition and printing of large-scale multiple alignments integrating secondary structure predictions. Availability and implementation The ALIGNSEC module is part of the ANTHEPROT package (http://antheprot-pbil.ibcp.fr) which can be used freely for academic users. It is running on Windows Operating systems. For commercial use, please contact the author. Contact gilbert.deleage@ibcp.fr.
Depletion or expansion? Understanding the effects of support policy use on employee work and family outcomes

Past research on the effects of employees' use of work–family support policies tends to draw on a depletion perspective suggesting that using these policies may reduce work–family conflict. The emphasis on depletion fails to consider the expansion perspective that assumes that using work resources may enrich family functioning. Using a sample of 113 matched employee–supervisor pairs and a 1-month separation between predictor and criterion measurement, we found support for the expansion rather than the depletion perspective. Specifically, the relationships between support policy use and employee job satisfaction and family efficacy (but not organisational citizenship behaviour) were mediated by work-to-family enrichment; these effects were realised only for employees with high levels of family identity. In contrast, no support was found for family-to-work conflict as a mediator of the model.
Impending relapse of myelodysplastic syndrome after allogeneic transplant is difficult to diagnose and requires a multi-modal approach.

The only potentially curative therapy for myelodysplastic syndrome is allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant; unfortunately, there is a high relapse rate. The objective of this study was to perform a detailed clinicopathologic study of patients with relapsed myeloid neoplasm following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant for myelodysplastic syndrome. Pre-transplant, post-transplant, and relapse bone marrow and peripheral blood morphologic features (including dysplasia) were retrospectively evaluated by study authors. Clinical features and results of cytogenetic analysis and engraftment/chimerism studies were obtained from the medical record. Our study describes 21 patients with a median time to relapse of 6 months (range 2–82). Ten of the patients relapsed with higher grade disease, including six with overt acute myeloid leukemia. Pre-transplant megakaryocyte dysplasia was associated with dysplastic megakaryocytes in the relapse specimen; however, neither erythroid dysplasia nor granulocytic dysplasia were associated with their counterpart in the relapse specimen. Relapse specimens had a lower marrow cellularity and higher blast percentage than pre-transplant disease. Cytogenetic comparisons before and after transplant showed variety, including clonal evolution (22%), the same abnormal clone (33%), or a different abnormal clone (22%). Our detailed review of post-transplant marrow biopsies prior to relapse highlights the difficulty in diagnosing relapse and particularly impending relapse.
Radiation efficiency for long-range vocal communication in mammals and birds

Long-distance vocal communication by birds and mammals, including humans, is facilitated largely by radiation efficiency from the mouth or beak. Here, this efficiency is defined and quantified. It depends on frequency content of vocalization, mouth opening, head and upper body geometry, and directionality. Each of these factors is described mathematically with a piston-in-a-sphere model. While this model is considered a classic, never before has the high frequency solution been applied in detail to vocalization. Results indicate that frequency content in the 1–50 kHz range can be radiated with nearly 100% efficiency if a reactance peak in the radiation impedance is utilized with adjustments of head size, mouth opening, and beam direction. Without these adjustments, radiation efficiency is generally below 1%, especially in human speech where a high fundamental frequency is a disadvantage for intelligibility. Thus, two distinct modes of vocal communication are identified, (1) short range with optimized info...
Comparing high-order multivariate AD methods

To compute every high-order multivariate derivative value, interpolation methods will be shown to be less accurate than a direct forward multivariate Taylor series method, becoming significant for ...
Recurrent CNVs in the Etiology of Epigenetic Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Recurrent copy number variations (CNVs) are structural large gains and losses of chromosomal domains that are emerging as a major contributor to human neurodevelopmental disorders, such as intellectual disability, autism, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorders. Among the most commonly causal CNVs observed in neurodevelopmental disorders are the rearrangements of proximal chromosome 15q, resulting in Angelman, Prader–Willi, and 15q duplication syndromes. This locus also involves multiple epigenetic layers that influence parental imprinting in the inheritance of these disorders. This chapter summarizes the known CNVs associated with human neurodevelopmental disorders and discusses how epigenetic mechanisms play a role in regulating the genes implicated in these loci. Furthermore, we discuss the epigenetic layer of DNA methylation and its potential role in breakpoint instability in recent primate evolution.
Computer-aided detection; the effect of training databases on detection of subtle breast masses.

Rationale and Objectives Lesion conspicuity is typically highly correlated with visual difficulty for lesion detection, and computer-aided detection (CAD) has been widely used as a “second reader” in mammography. Hence, increasing CAD sensitivity in detecting subtle cancers without increasing false-positive rates is important. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of training database case selection on CAD performance in detecting low-conspicuity breast masses. Materials and Methods A full-field digital mammographic image database that included 525 cases depicting malignant masses was randomly partitioned into three subsets. A CAD scheme was applied to detect all initially suspected mass regions and compute region conspicuity. Training samples were iteratively selected from two of the subsets. Four types of training data sets—(1) one including all available true-positive mass regions in the two subsets (“all”), (2) one including 350 randomly selected mass regions (“diverse”), (3) one including 350 high-conspicuity mass regions (“easy”), and (4) one including 350 low-conspicuity mass regions (“difficult”)—were assembled. In each training data set, the same number of randomly selected false-positive regions as the true-positives were also included. Two classifiers, an artificial neural network (ANN) and a k-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm, were trained using each of the four training data sets and tested on all suspected regions in the remaining data set. Using a threefold cross-validation method, the performance changes of the CAD schemes trained using one of the four training data sets were computed and compared. Results CAD initially detected 1025 true-positive mass regions depicted on 507 cases (97% case-based sensitivity) and 9569 false-positive regions (3.5 per image) in the entire database. Using the all training data set, CAD achieved the highest overall performance on the entire testing database. However, CAD detected the highest number of low-conspicuity masses when the difficult training data set was used for training. Results did agree for both ANN-based and KNN-based classifiers in all tests. Compared to the use of the all training data set, the sensitivity of the schemes trained using the difficult data set decreased by 8.6% and 8.4% for the ANN and KNN algorithm on the entire database, respectively, but the detection of low-conspicuity masses increased by 7.1% and 15.1% for the ANN and KNN algorithm at a false-positive rate of 0.3 per image. Conclusions CAD performance depends on the size, diversity, and difficulty level of the training database. To increase CAD sensitivity in detecting subtle cancer, one should increase the fraction of difficult cases in the training database rather than simply increasing the training data set size.
Assessment of Dementia Family Caregivers

Publisher Summary Family care is protective for care recipients with dementia who, as a result, remain longer in the community and delay institutionalization. Prolonged and challenging family caregiving, however, can induce a litany of adverse physical and mental health effects. Increasingly, health and social science experts recognize the need to promote the need for a national commitment to integrating family-centered and systematic caregiver assessment into the broader care delivery system. Intervention research has documented how the array of personal and situational stressors and the presence or lack of resources combine in distinctive and influential ways to either mediate or moderate caregiver outcomes. In response, this chapter discusses the critical role and process of caregiver assessment. It describes both exemplar global core assessments and more targeted measures, and case studies illustrate how assessment can inform clinical practice. Increasingly, clinicians and practitioners need to take caregivers' broader contextual factors into greater account if they are to provide the most targeted and effective intervention, and provide services that are genuinely sensitive and relevant to the particular needs of our society's growing number of caregivers.
Electron microscopic studies on zonular fibers

Adult rabbit zonular fibers maintained in their native condition were treated with collagenase, α-chymotrypsin and hyaluronidase, and were observed with the electron microscope. The results obtained were as follows: 1. Collagenase digested the lens capsule, but not the zonular fibers. 2. Long time collagenase action obscured the cell membrane of the lens epithelium and the basal lamina of the ciliary epithelium. 3. Washing with 0.9% NaCl increased the collagenase action on the lens capsule. 4. α-chymotrypsin digested the zonular fibers and the zonular lemalla, but not the lens capsule and the basal lamina of the ciliary epithelium. 5. Hyaluronidase only slightly changed the lens capsule. 6. The vitreous fibers were digested by collagenase, but not by α-chymotrypsin or hyaluronidase.
Low dose imaging with simultaneous scatter, attenuation and mesh-based phase contrast

X-ray phase differences are a thousand times greater than attenuation differences, but phase imaging has found limited clinical use due to requirements on x-ray coherence which may not be easily translated to clinical practice. Instead, this work employs a conventional source to create structured illumination with a simple wire mesh. The system simultaneously collects phase, attenuation, and scatter information. X-ray coherent scatter allows differentiation between tissue types with potentially much higher contrast than conventional radiography. Coherent-scatter images are collected with simple 1D slot-scanning and an angular shield to select signatures of interest from a relatively large region.
Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic Ray Acceleration by Magnetic Reconnection in Newborn Pulsars

We here investigate the possibility that the ultra-high energy cosmic ray (UHECR) events observed above the GZK limit are mostly protons accelerated in econnection sites just above the magnetosphere of newborn millisecond pulsars which are originated by accretion induced collapse (AIC).
Living in the Margins: Intersecting Identities and Clinical Work with Black Women

Black women underutilize mental health services. Challenges to help-seeking and sustaining treatment relationships have been well-documented to include stigma, cultural disconnect, and mismanagemen...
Different Perspectives: Report of the EVP to the House of Delegates at the 2019 Annual Meeting

Good morning, colleagues. I appreciate this annual opportunity to share a few thoughts with you as we bring this year’s amazing meeting to a successful close. Shattering all previous attendance records is rewarding affirmation that our Program Committee and all the members who bring us their
Post mortem coronary angiography in a preemie heart – a case report

Postmortem coronary angiography has been used in forensic medicine for several decades but its use has never been documented in neonatal hearts. The objective of this case is to report the use of postmortem coronary angiography as a diagnostic modality for neonates suspected to have complex congenital heart anomalies. A 36-week-old female infant required extracorporeal membranous oxygenation for persistent hypotension on day 1 of life. A congenital echocardiogram (ECHO) on day 3 of life revealed multiple anomalous vascular structures within the interventricular septum. The infant passed away on day 4 of life after the parents elected to withdraw support. A consent for autopsy was taken from the parents and a postmortem coronary angiography was performed. The coronary vessels were injected with Iodixanol contrast via a 24 G angiocath under fluoroscopy. The anomalous septal vessels were identified as dilated coronary artery and vein. No other anomalies were identified. Postmortem coronary angiography complements other imaging procedures in understanding the nature of some complex congenital heart defects and in determining the cause of death in such neonates.
Effect of temozolomide chronotherapy in patients with high-grade glioma.

e14525Background: High grade gliomas (HGG) (the most common being glioblastoma) are the most common primary CNS malignancy in adults. Mainstay of therapy is surgical resection followed by concurren...
Is Avoiding the Appearance of Incompetence the Key to Success? An Examination of Team Goal Orientation and Performance in a Simulation Environment:

A key challenge for educators in business is to incorporate learning tools that mimic the uncertainty and complexity of the real business environment. However, recent advancements in technology hav...
Observing traveling waves in glaciers with remote sensing: new flexible time series methods and application to Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbræ), Greenland

Abstract. The recent influx of remote sensing data provides new opportunities for quantifying spatiotemporal variations in glacier surface velocity and elevation fields. Here, we introduce a flexible time series reconstruction and decomposition technique for forming continuous, time-dependent surface velocity and elevation fields from discontinuous data and partitioning these time series into short- and long-term variations. The time series reconstruction consists of a sparsity-regularized least-squares regression for modeling time series as a linear combination of generic basis functions of multiple temporal scales, allowing us to capture complex variations in the data using simple functions. We apply this method to the multitemporal evolution of Sermeq Kujalleq (Jakobshavn Isbrae), Greenland. Using 555 ice velocity maps generated by the Greenland Ice Mapping Project and covering the period 2009–2019, we show that the amplification in seasonal velocity variations in 2012–2016 was coincident with a longer-term speedup initiating in 2012. Similarly, the reduction in post-2017 seasonal velocity variations was coincident with a longer-term slowdown initiating around 2017. To understand how these perturbations propagate through the glacier, we introduce an approach for quantifying the spatially varying and frequency-dependent phase velocities and attenuation length scales of the resulting traveling waves. We hypothesize that these traveling waves are predominantly kinematic waves based on their long periods, coincident changes in surface velocity and elevation, and connection with variations in the terminus position. This ability to quantify wave propagation enables an entirely new framework for studying glacier dynamics using remote sensing data.
Evaluating the Social Acceptability of Persons with Habit Disorders: The Effects of Topography, Frequency, and Gender Manipulation

In this study, 120 undergraduate students were asked to rate the social acceptability of a male and female who portrayed different habit behaviors (motor tics, vocal tics, Tourette's disorder, and trichotillomania). The portrayals of these behaviors were clinically valid as viewed by mental health professionals. Each habit behavior was portrayed in a variety of frequency/topography combinations including low frequency/mild topography, low frequency/severe topography, high frequency/mild topography, and high frequency/ severe topography. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four habit conditions (motor tic, vocal tic, Tourette's disorder, and trichotillomania) and were asked to rate the social acceptability of the frequency/topography combinations exhibited by each actor. Results showed that across the various habit conditions, the man with the habit was seen as less socially acceptable than the woman with the habit. In addition, low-frequency habit behaviors were more acceptable than high-frequency behaviors, and behaviors with mild topographies were more acceptable than those with severe topography habits. Motor tics were seen as more acceptable than vocal tics, Tourette's disorder, or trichotillomania. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Evaluation of primary breast cancers using dedicated breast PET and whole-body PET.

Metabolic imaging of the primary breast tumor with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) PET may assist in predicting treatment response in the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) setting. Dedicated breast PET (dbPET) is a high-resolution imaging modality with demonstrated ability in highlighting intratumoral heterogeneity and identifying small lesions in the breast volume. In this study, we characterized similarities and differences in the uptake of [18F]FDG in dbPET compared to whole-body PET (wbPET) in a cohort of ten patients with biopsy-confirmed, locally advanced breast cancer at the pre-treatment timepoint. Patients received bilateral dbPET and wbPET following administration of 186 MBq and 307 MBq [18F]FDG on separate days, respectively. [18F]FDG uptake measurements and 20 radiomic features based on morphology, tumor intensity, and texture were calculated and compared. There was a fivefold increase in SULpeak for dbPET (median difference (95% CI): 4.0 mL-1 (1.8-6.4 mL-1), p = 0.006). Additionally, spatial heterogeneity features showed statistically significant differences between dbPET and wbPET. The higher [18F]FDG uptake in dbPET highlighted the dynamic range of this breast-specific imaging modality. Combining with the higher spatial resolution, dbPET may be able to detect treatment response in the primary tumor during NAC, and future studies with larger cohorts are warranted.
Combining Hybrid Input-Output Automaton and Game Theory for Security Modeling of Cyber-Physical Systems.

We consider a security setting in which the Cyber-Physical System (CPS) is composed of subnetworks where each subnetwork is under ownership of one defender. Such CPS can be represented by an attack graph where the defenders are required to invest (subject to a budget constraint) on the graph's edges in order to protect their critical assets (where each defender's critical asset has a certain value to the defender if compromised). We model such CPS using Hybrid Input-Output Automaton (HIOA) where each subnetwork is represented by a HIOA module. We first establish the building blocks needed in our setting. We then present our model that characterizes the continuous time evolution of the investments and discrete transitions between different states (where each state represents different condition and/or perturbation) within the system. Finally, we provide a real-world CPS example to validate our modeling.
Healthcare providers attitudes towards risk stratification of adopted patients with limited family history information: a cross-sectional survey.

Familial medical history (FMH) is crucial for patient risk stratification; however, adopted patients’ FMH knowledge may be limited. This can be problematic when determining steps in screening and management of patients. Little is known about providers’ opinions and practices regarding adopted patients with limited FMH. This study explored healthcare providers’ attitudes towards these patients and explored whether they interact differently with these individuals. We assessed providers’ opinions regarding earlier screening, more aggressive management techniques, and genetic testing for this population. Surveys were mailed to 300 Family Practice Medical Doctors (M.D.s) and Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine (D.O.s), in the state of Ohio. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests assessed relationships between provider characteristics and screening and management practices (alpha = 0.05). There was no association between years of practice or provider sex and how they screened, managed, or interacted with adopted patients. Providers that had adopted patients did not hold any statistically different opinions on how adopted patients should be managed versus providers that did not. Most providers did not initiate earlier screening for patients with unknown FMH, with the exception of D.O.s initiating earlier mammographic screening. However, all providers took more extensive personal histories and carried out more extensive monitoring. Although family medical history is only a piece of the puzzle when determining what medical care is right for a particular patient, it still remains an important aspect that needs to be addressed. Providers need to ensure that they are correctly managing patients with unknown familial risk factors.
Using Superstore to Supplement Instruction of the National Labor Relations Act

This research discusses opportunities for educators to introduce popular media into their curriculum, particularly when discussing unionization and the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA). We have identified a series of scenes in the NBC workplace comedy, Superstore, and provide discussion prompts for instructors to use as a review of their lesson on the NLRA. All scenes mentioned in the paper are available online for instructors to embed in their learning management systems or slide decks.
Novel DIO1 Gene Mutation Acting as Phenotype Modifier for Novel Compound Heterozygous TPO Gene Mutations Causing Congenital Hypothyroidism

A family with congenital hypothyroidism was identified with two novel deleterious compound heterozygous thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mutations (c.962C>A, and c.1577C>T). Serum thyroid tests showed higher-than-expected serum-free thyroxine (T4) relative to TT3, while reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) was also elevated. Two siblings manifested a more severe phenotype of developmental delay compared with another sibling and were found to harbor an additional novel heterozygous deleterious iodothyronine deiodinase 1 (DIO1) mutation (c.395G>A). In the context of L-T4 replacement, the decreased D1 activity results in abnormal thyroid hormone metabolism with decreased triiodothyronine (T3) generation from L-T4 and may result in decreased T3 bioavailability during critical stages of development.
The role of actualized collective efficacy in perceptions of neighborhood insecurity and future prospects

This article examines the impact of collective efficacy on perceptions of crime-related insecurity at three different levels: (1) the home; (2) the neighborhood; and (3) neighborhood future. In contrast to previous research, this analysis reconceptualizes collective efficacy by adopting an action orientation that allows for the analysis of collective efficacy as a neighborhood mobilization process referred to as actualized collective efficacy. Nation-wide survey data from Mexico was utilized to develop three different hierarchical models for each of the three levels of insecurity. Results demonstrated that different indicators of actualized collective efficacy have distinct impacts on the different levels of perception of insecurity. Specifically, demonstrated neighborhood capacity to address civil concerns reduced perceptions of neighborhood insecurity while demonstrated capacity targeting criminal concerns improved perceptions of a neighborhood's future as it relates to crime. However, no effects were detected for perceptions of insecurity within the home.
ROADSIDES -- CORRIDORS WITH HIGH FIRE HAZARD AND RISK

The author stresses that fuel hazard reduction should be concentrated on the first 10 feet of roadsides; methods include machine- and hand-clearing, chemical treatment, and prescribed burning. Results of fuel reduction projects on two national forests are described and show that treatment of roadsides can greatly reduce fire incidence.
The 24-hour ganglionectomy effect in rabbits

The pharmacological response of the intraocular pressure and outflow facility in albino rabbit eyes to endogenous catecholamines released as a result of sympathetic denervation was studied by the manometric pressure-decay curve technique. The experiments were designed to test whether the 24-hr ganglionectomy effect (lowering of intraocular pressure and increase in outflow facility 24 hr after ganglionectomy) could be abolished by specific α- or β-adrenergic blocking agents, and whether blood-borne adrenal medullary hormone contributed to the ganglionectomy effect. Propranolol (the β-adrenergic blocking agent) failed to influence the ganglionectomy effect, whereas intravitreous phentolamine (α-adrenergic blocking agent) reduced it by about 50%. Adrenalectomy, with adrenal cortical replacement therapy, failed to diminish the ganglionectomy effect. It was concluded from these experiments that (1) β-adrenergic receptors were not involved in the outflow of aqueous humor, nor did they play a role in the ganglionectomy effect; (2) an α-adrenergic mechanism accessible via the aqueous circulation (such as the release of endogenous accounted for only a part of the ganglionectomy effect; and (3) circulating adrenal hormone did not enter the aqueous humor in quantities sufficient to affect outflow facility 24 hr after ganglionectomy. Reduction of blood flow to the denervated eye by means of ipsilateral common carotid artery ligation abolished the 24-hr increase in outflow facility usually observed.
A Powerpoint Presentation and Ancillary Materials to Accompany Davila, Epstein and Shelton's Making Innovation Work

The economic survival of this country may well depend upon how effectively our firms can innovate. If this statement is remotely true, then accounting majors should be aware of the issues surrounding the successful measurement and management of a firm’s innovation processes. A review of all managerial textbooks finds no meaningful treatment of this topic. A review of the literature finds about a dozen relevant articles, three of them just published in June 2009. A request made to 142 accounting department chairs for a copy of their program’s advanced managerial accounting syllabus garnered 26 syllabi, none of which had any treatment of innovation. The objective of this paper is to get the ball moving and provide students with materials to assist them in their understanding of the topic. Toward this goal a PowerPoint presentation is included that should help students understand Davila, Epstein and Shelton’s Making Innovation Work. Also included are an innovation flowchart, class discussion questions and exercises, the results of a literature search and a (62-page) summary of the Davila, et al. book.
A case-control study of the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism in relation to risk of invasive breast cancer

Overexpression of the HER2 proto-oncogene in human cancer cells has been associated with a poor prognosis, and survival improves with therapy targeting the HER2 gene. Animal studies and protein modeling suggest that the Ile655Val polymorphism located in the transmembrane domain of the HER2 protein might influence breast cancer development by altering the efficiency of homodimerization. To investigate this genetic polymorphism, incident cases of invasive breast cancer (N = 1,094) and population controls of a similar age (N = 976) were interviewed during 2001 to 2003 regarding their risk factors for breast cancer. By using DNA collected from buccal samples mailed by the participants, the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism was evaluated with the Applied Biosystems allelic discrimination assay. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were estimated by logistic regression adjusted for numerous breast cancer risk factors. Analysis was restricted to women with self-reported European descent. Prevalence of the Val/Val genotype was 5.6% in cases and 7.1% in controls. In comparison with the Ile/Ile genotype, the Ile/Val genotype was not significantly associated with breast cancer risk (OR 0.97, 95% CI 0.79 to 1.18), whereas the Val/Val genotype was associated with a reduced risk (OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.92). This inverse association seemed strongest in older women (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.89 for women aged more than 55 years), women without a family history of breast cancer (OR 0.54, 95% CI 0.35 to 0.84), postmenopausal women with greater body mass index (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.91 for a body mass index of 25.3 kg/m2 or more), and cases diagnosed with non-localized breast cancer (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.90). Although results from our population-based case-control study show an inverse association between the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism and risk of invasive breast cancer, most other studies of this single-nucleotide polymorphism suggest an overall null association. Any further study of this polymorphism should involve sample populations with complete risk factor information and sufficient power to evaluate gene-environment interactions between the HER2 polymorphism and factors such as age and family history of breast cancer.
A polysomnographically documented case of adult somnambulism with long-distance automobile driving and frequent nocturnal violence: parasomnia with continuing danger as a noninsane automatism?

A case of childhood-onset somnambulism is reported in which a 43-year-old man presented with repeated sleep-related injuries incurred during violent nocturnal activity, which included frenzied running, throwing punches and wielding knives. He had also driven an automobile a long distance during a presumed somnambulistic state. His wife had been repeatedly injured, and she felt that her life was threatened by his nocturnal violence 2-3 times yearly. Polysomnography (PSG) documented multiple episodes of complex and violent behaviors arising exclusively from stage 3/4 sleep, thus confirming the diagnosis of somnambulism. Other causes of sleep-related violence were excluded. The patient responded promptly to treatment with bedtime clonazepam, and benefit was maintained at 5-year follow-up. Although this strictly clinical case did not have any legal repercussions, it does carry forensic implications, particularly when placed in the context of the published medical literature on PSG-documented parasomnias (somnambulism, rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder) containing explicit examples of recurrent violence, at times life-threatening, directed toward the bed partner and others. Thus, a new medical-legal concept is proposed, consisting of "parasomnia with continuing danger" as a noninsane automatism. Treatment guidelines, within the context of forensic medicine, are presented. Language: en
Methods and Software for Diffuse X-Ray Scattering from Protein Crystals

Proteins in thermal equilibrium are associated with conformational distributions rather than single, static structures. Although there are no experimental methods to measure the full protein conformational distribution, several methods exist to probe important aspects. Diffuse X-ray scattering is one such method. We have measured the first three-dimensional reciprocal-space maps of the intensity of diffuse X-ray reflections from protein crystals, and used them to characterize protein conformational distributions. With straightforward modifications, X-ray beamlines can be engineered to enable diffuse scattering measurements for protein crystals. To facilitate future studies, the Lunus software package, used to create the first three-dimensional maps of diffuse X-ray reflections from protein crystals, has been made publicly available ( http://lunus.sourceforge.net ).
Identifiability and the Status of Theoretical Terms

Much recent discussion about the structure of scientific theories has centered on the status of theoretical terms, that is, terms whose direct referents are not observables. It has been asked whether such terms are always definable, or if not definable, whether they are always eliminable. Another line of inquiry asks under what circumstances theoretical terms, or sentences containing them are meaningful; and still another asks under what circumstances they are identifiable, that. is, can be estimated from observational data.
Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors

Intracranial germ cell tumors (GCT) are a group of relatively uncommon tumors that display histologic, genetic, biochemical, diagnostic, and therapeutic similarities to the more common GCTs that occur outside the central nervous system. Their extra-embryonic origins in the fetal yolk sac account for their numerous similarities, and subsequent migratory paths early in fetal development underlie their ubiquitous primary sites. Intracranial GCTs most commonly arise from the pineal or suprasellar region and their location has traditionally hampered surgical management. For this reason, radiation alone, frequently encompassing a large treatment volume, has constituted the gold standard for treatment. In the last two decades, effective chemotherapy in combination with improved neurosurgical procedures and radiation techniques have resulted in dramatic improvements in survival. However, the morbidity of radiation therapy in children, particularly craniospinal irradiation (CSI), has prompted many investigators to explore approaches that reduce the volume and dose of radiotherapy while preserving high cure rates (Shirato et al. 1997; Choi et al. 1998; Matsutani et al. 1998; Aoyama et al. 2002).
A new FFT approach to the interpolation of discrete-time signals

A new approach to the FFT-based method of resampling signals to higher rates is presented. This proposed approach has significantly reduced computational complexity.
Acetohydroxy acid synthase I is required for isoleucine and valine biosynthesis by Salmonella typhimurium LT2 during growth on acetate or long-chain fatty acids

Salmonella typhimurium LT2 normally expresses two acetohydroxy acid synthases (AHAS I and AHAS II). The function of AHAS I in this organism was unclear, since AHAS I-deficient (ilvBN) mutants of LT2 grew well on glucose or succinate minimal media, whereas AHAS II-deficient (ilvGM) mutants requried isoleucine for normal growth on glucose minimal media. We report that AHAS I-deficient mutants of S. typhimurium required isoleucine and valine for growth on acetate or oleate minimal media, whereas AHAS II-deficient mutants were able to grow on these media without isoleucine supplementation.
The effect of sudden aspen decline on understory microclimate and vegetation in southwestern Colorado

Sudden aspen decline (SAD), present in many parts of North America, is the sudden dieback of branches, crown loss, and rapid mortality of aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.). We surveyed 21 plots in southwestern Colorado and categorized each plot by the mean percentage of recent crown loss (RCL) into three SAD levels: low SAD (0%–25% RCL), moderate SAD (25.1%–50% RCL), and high SAD (50.1%–100% RCL). Our research quantified the effects of SAD on microclimate and understory vegetation at the individual species and community level. Mean day surface, day subsurface, and night subsurface temperatures were warmer in high SAD stands than in low ones. High SAD stands had lower soil moisture, lower litter and duff depth, higher bare soil cover, higher photosynthetically active radiation, higher arbuscular mycorrhizal propagule densities, and higher grass biomass. Indicator plant species were uniquely associated with low and high SAD. Our study illustrates that SAD has multiple ecological effects on aspen understori...
Low-power CMOS at Vdd = 4kT/q

Summary form only given. This paper reports a CMOS inverter active power-delay product of less than 0.1 fJ/stage at 25/spl deg/C and at Vdd=0.1 V. We believe this is the lowest reported. This is accomplished by using a novel technique to match NFET and PFET subthreshold currents and, thus, enable operation of a standard 1.5 V 180 nm CMOS technology in subthreshold at very low Vdd. This technique uses voltage feedback to the MOSFET wells to match the NFET off current (Ioffn) and PFET off current (Ioffp), significantly enhancing the manufacturability of CMOS subthreshold logic.
Detection and Characterization of Reactive Chemical Intermediates Using Cavity Ringdown Spectroscopy

Cavity ringdown spectroscopy is a powerful technique for detecting reactive chemical intermediates in a variety of circumstances. The characterization of the ethyl peroxy radical in a variety of ways using different ringdown techniques is used as an example to illustrate the diverse capabilities. Several results are discussed including the room temperature, moderate resolution \(\widetilde{A}\)–\(\widetilde{X}\) spectrum and the jet-cooled, rotationally resolved \(\widetilde{A}\)–\(\widetilde{X}\) spectrum of ethyl peroxy. The concept of dual wavelength cavity ringdown spectroscopy is explored and its utility is demonstrated by a measurement of the \(\widetilde{A}\)–\(\widetilde{X}\) absorption cross section of ethyl peroxy. The self-reaction kinetics of ethyl peroxy are also studied by means of cavity ringdown spectroscopy with a continuous source. The capability of CRDS to measure dynamical effects is illustrated by work on a closely related radical, hydroxy ethyl peroxy radical.
An intervention to prevent symptoms associated with hepatitis C: a pilot study.

Abstract The objectives of this study were to (a) pilot test instruments measuring fatigue and quality of life (QOL); (b) pilot test an exercise intervention; and (c) estimate the effect size of this intervention relative to completion of combination therapy, fatigue, QOL, and walking distance in 20 patients with chronic hepatitis C about to begin interferon alpha and ribavirin treatment. Alpha reliabilities for both the Schwartz Cancer Fatigue Scale and Hepatitis Quality of Life Questionnaire were moderately high. Power analyses of all outcome measures indicated a small effect size and sample size estimate of 30–40 per group to achieve power of >.80.
Concept of an earthquake-proof hut for Mexico (and other countries)

This paper describes a new design for a solar hut or house which is unique in being resistant to earthquakes, fire, flood, wind and insects, and yet is very inexpensive, longlived and attractive in appearance. It is a truncated five-sided pyramid which, when oriented properly, receives more sunlight than a rectangular dwelling. It is compatible with traditional dome-shaped houses found in many countries pole to pole. The material is 6 in. inorganic foam, and a pile of rocks may be used for heat storage. The hut blends well with the environment as it is a low half-dome. Although intended for U.D.C.s, the house could also appeal to D.Cs by using the best furnishings and by joining modules together, etc.
FINDING COMMON FIXED POINTS OF NONEXPANSIVE MAPPINGS BY ITERATION

In this paper it is shown that a particular iteration scheme converges weakly to a common fixed point of a finite set of nonexpansive mappings. This result is an improvement of two related theorems in the literature.