cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The ergonomics of “Code Blue” medical emergencies: a literature review

“Code Blue” or medical emergency resuscitation events (codes) are inherently chaotic acute crises that are characteristically unpredictable, yet certain to occur. Between 250,000 and 750,000 hospital codes occur annually in the United States; however, successful resuscitation remains elusive in most hospitals with a survival rate of 0–59% with a mean of about 20%. These poor outcomes may be attributed to poor ergonomic (human factors) conditions within the hospital setting and emergency procedures. To determine if ergonomic principles are appropriately being incorporated into several aspects of code events and training, a comprehensive literature review was completed during this study. This review of relevant literature focused on the cognitive and physical ergonomic concerns regarding several factors affecting poor code outcomes. The factors include code team training and proficiency, physical aspects of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), crash cart factors and the physical and simulated environment du...
Structure and function of major histocompatibility complex class I antigens.

Purpose of reviewMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules control the repertoire and function of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, and both cell types are involved in transplant rejection. Understanding the regulatory role of MHC class I molecules is important in the design of better therap
Micromodules: Microprogrammable building blocks for hardware development

The purpose of the Micromodules project is to greatly reduce the amount of effort expended on logic design, fabrication and debug for small quantity developments. Secondly, with this modular approach, a quick reaction capability is sought that would allow a large reduction in the time interval between system specification and the delivery of the finished product. Finally, by simultaneously simplifying and speeding up the development process, we aim to improve the practicability of implementing more complex equipments.
Separators in Graphs with Negative and Multiple Vertex Weights

A separator theorem for a class of graphs asserts that every graph in the class can be divided approximately in half by removing a set of vertices of specified size. Nontrivial separator theorems hold for several classes of graphs, including graphs of bounded genus and chordal graphs.
A Non-Axisymmetric Steady State Model of a Mechanical Seal for Down-Hole Tools

A non-axisymmetric steady state numerical model has been developed for use in the design of mechanical seals for down-hole tools. It is applicable to other types of mechanical seals in which friction from the static secondary seal is significant, as well. This model predicts such quantities as leakage rate, external fluid incursion rate, film thickness distribution, fluid pressure and contact pressure distributions, interface temperature and face deformation. Model results show that for a given set of operating conditions, there is a range of equilibrium states of the seal, corresponding to a range of inclinations of the non-rotating seal face relative to the rotating face. Depending on the inclination, it is possible to have negative leakage due to the asymmetry of the film thickness distribution. Even with positive leakage, under some circumstances incursion of the external fluid can occur as a result of the asymmetry.
A cryogenic fracture technique for characterizing zinc-coated steels

The examples described in this paper show that the cryogenic fracture technique, when used in conjunction with the SEM, is capable of characterizing the structural features of zinc coatings on steels. Cleavage facets that correspond to coating grain size and fine second-phase particle distributions are revealed by the technique. Light etching of the fracture surfaces provides information about coatings growth that can be correlated with electrolytic deposition and other processing parameters. Also, in parallel with surface SEM observation, the technique has been used to characterize mechanisms of coating fracture that might influence friction and performance of coated steels during sheet-metal-forming operations.
Stability and graphical analysis of first-order pulse-width-modulated sampled-data regulator systems

Pulse-width-modulated sampled-data systems are described by nonlinear difference equations which do not lend themselves to an exact analytic treatment. This paper presents a graphical technique for the analysis of PWM sampled-data systems with first-order plants. This technique provides a sufficient condition for asymptotic stability in the large, a method for examining the damping properties of the system, a method for computing the step response from any initial condition and, finally, a method for observing and interpreting the effect of varying the system parameters on the step response of the system.
Frequency-Domain Turbo Equalization for Single Carrier Mobile Broadband Systems

This paper investigates mobile broadband communications, which undergo time-varying radio channels with large multipath delay spread. Space-time block transmission and single carrier modulation are adopted at the transmitter to combat the inter-symbol interference resulted from the multipath delay. The single carrier modems with frequency-domain equalization have similar performance and complexity as orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing, yet less sensitive to radio frequency impairments. At the receiver, we propose the Turbo equalization that consists of a minimum mean-square error equalizer in the frequency domain and a channel decoder. In order to cope with the time-varying characteristics of the mobile channel, the received data is partitioned into blocks for the linear equalizer, and then combined as a decoding frame for the decoder. Simulation results show good performance of the proposed scheme with feasible computational complexity.
RELATING VERBAL IMMEDIACY TO MANAGERS' INFLUENCE TECHNIQUES '

Summary.-Richmond, McCroskey, and Davis's Behavioral Alteration Technique was administered to 134 middle managers from a variety of organizations. Step-wise regression analysis indicated managers' verbal immediacy was associated with more use of reward and expertise and less use of pressure and position with subordinates. The typical study of managerial interpersonal influence examines how personal and organizational factors affect techniques used with subordinates (5). Other researchers have emphasized the importance of understanding the association of interpersonal messages that often accompany the successful exercise of influence (3); however, empirical research is scarce. The present study is part of a research project on interpersonal influence messages in communication by manager to employee. The present portion was designed to explore the relationship between managers' verbal immediacy behaviors and their influence techniques. Verbal immediacy behaviors have been defined as word choices and language strategies that promote physical and psychological closeness (I), such as encouragement, humor, complimenting others, and use of first names rather than formal titles. An assumption is that immediacy behaviors stimulate feelings of positive affect or liking from the target individual (2). Consequently, immediacy behaviors may be associated with successful downward influence techniques for managerial personnel. Middle managers participating in a job fair sponsored by the National Institute for Professional Development were asked to complete both the Immediacy Relational Scale (1) and the Behavioral Alteration Technique (4). The former is a 4-item scale which measures positive interest, attention, liking, and attraction for the other person. In the present study alpha for this measure was .89, indicating reasonable internal consistency reliability. The Behavioral Alteration Technique in Likert format reflects 22 relatively separate and independent types of messages used in work settings. All 134 volunteers indicated how frequently during the last three months the immediacy and behavioral alteration behaviors were used to influence a selected employee successfully.
MODELR—Model building and model modification for instruction

An integrated set of three computer programs that enable the implementation and student investigation of computer models of behavioral phenomena is described. These models are intended as tools for aiding in the instruction of undergraduate social science courses in research methods. Each program provides for natural language interaction with one of three classes of users: A “Modeler,” who implements a model of some behavioral phenomenon; an “Instructor,” who tailors his own or others’ models for his course of instruction; and a “Student Experimenter,” who applies an experimental design to the model and receives synthetic data in return. None of these users need have any prior computer expertise nor do they depend on external documentation on how to use the programs.
Factor structure of the Family Environment Scale: effects of social desirability.

Presented for 64 Ss a replication of the Family Environment Scale's maximum likelihood factor structure for which the two-factor, Varimax-rotated solution was found to be stable when the correlations among the subscales were corrected for the effects of social desirability response bias. As reported previously (Fowler, 1981), the first bipolar dimension, “cohesion vs. conflict,” measures relationship-centered concerns, while the second bipolar axis, “organization-control,” reflects basic system-maintenance properties of family activity. These two factors are comparable to others reported in small-group research, parent-child interaction studies, and human communication investigations. A comprehensive statistical model of the Family Environment Scale can be constructed where the semantic space of the 10 subscales reflects the two supraordinate concepts of “interpersonal cohesion” and “control.” It is not yet known to what extent the modeling of this impression-space can be expanded to reveal dependencies on imminent (familial and individual) cognitive and personality schemata.
High-order schemes for 2D unsteady biogeochemical ocean models

Accurate numerical modeling of biogeochemical ocean dynamics is essential for numerous applications, including coastal ecosystem science, environmental management and energy, and climate dynamics. Evaluating computational requirements for such often highly nonlinear and multiscale dynamics is critical. To do so, we complete comprehensive numerical analyses, comparing low- to high-order discretization schemes, both in time and space, employing standard and hybrid discontinuous Galerkin finite element methods, on both straight and new curved elements. Our analyses and syntheses focus on nutrient–phytoplankton–zooplankton dynamics under advection and diffusion within an ocean strait or sill, in an idealized 2D geometry. For the dynamics, we investigate three biological regimes, one with single stable points at all depths and two with stable limit cycles. We also examine interactions that are dominated by the biology, by the advection, or that are balanced. For these regimes and interactions, we study the sensitivity to multiple numerical parameters including quadrature-free and quadrature-based discretizations of the source terms, order of the spatial discretizations of advection and diffusion operators, order of the temporal discretization in explicit schemes, and resolution of the spatial mesh, with and without curved elements. A first finding is that both quadrature-based and quadrature-free discretizations give accurate results in well-resolved regions, but the quadrature-based scheme has smaller errors in under-resolved regions. We show that low-order temporal discretizations allow rapidly growing numerical errors in biological fields. We find that if a spatial discretization (mesh resolution and polynomial degree) does not resolve the solution, oscillations due to discontinuities in tracer fields can be locally significant for both low- and high-order discretizations. When the solution is sufficiently resolved, higher-order schemes on coarser grids perform better (higher accuracy, less dissipative) for the same cost than lower-order scheme on finer grids. This result applies to both passive and reactive tracers and is confirmed by quantitative analyses of truncation errors and smoothness of solution fields. To reduce oscillations in un-resolved regions, we develop a numerical filter that is active only when and where the solution is not smooth locally. Finally, we consider idealized simulations of biological patchiness. Results reveal that higher-order numerical schemes can maintain patches for long-term integrations while lower-order schemes are much too dissipative and cannot, even at very high resolutions. Implications for the use of simulations to better understand biological blooms, patchiness, and other nonlinear reactive dynamics in coastal regions with complex bathymetric features are considerable.
Unsteady Aerodynamics of Rotorcraft in Ground Effect

This paper brings together experimental and computational work done in the study of low speed ground effect of rotorcraft. The paper recaps previous work done experimentally to study the unsteadiness in the rotorcraft flowfield using flow visualization and hot wire measurements. These experimental results are compared with computational results obtained using a classical vortex method coupled with an image !system to simulate the ground. The comparisons are adequate; however, the computations use a lifting-line approach leading to some discrepancies in time traces of velocities in the wake. The paper also presents experimental results obtained in measuring fuselage loads in ground effect. I. Introduction The flowfield around a rotorcraft flying close to the ground presents a fluid dynamics problem where large fluctuations are observed under nominallj quasi-steady flight conditions, separated by seemingly-random intervals. In ground effect (IGE) conditions, the wake i)f a helicopter rotor interacts with the ground which causes significant perturbation to the flow near the rotor blades, is well as the rest of the craft. Interactions between the main rotor wake and the ground have been associated with :he formation and passage of a ground vortex in transitional flight. The basic question that arises I rom the reported flight test results, is whether 1. The unsteadiness arises from the craft interacting with different regions of an otherwise quasi-steady flowfield, due to changes in wind direc tion, ground clearance or aircraft speed; 2. Or whether long-period fluc tuations are generated in an otherwise periodic flowfield under fixed flight conditions. Detailed experimental studies of the rotor wake and ground vortex were performed with an isolated model rotor above a static ground plane at low advance ratio, and various ground heights. This study aims to quantify time scaies of unsteadiness by bringing together results from pulsed laser sheet flow visualization, hotwire anemometry, and fuselage force measurement. In pl evious work with this experimental set-up, it was shown that the wake was steady enough in the absence of ground effect, to enable clear quantification of the unsteadiness caused by ground effect. This unsteadiness was quantified using laser sheet imaging of vortex dynamics. It was then shown that large transient velocity fluctuations occurred with long intervals, in the ground-vortex and in the rotor inflow regions. The present paper investigates a decision point in the investigation of unsteady ground effect. It is argued that transients could occur due to two basically different situations, or a combination of these situations
Reassessing the Role of Anxiety in Vote Choice

choice. This work generally argues that anxiety affects vote choice indirectly by causing citizens to more thoroughly search for and process political information. This indirect effect of anxiety leads citizens to rely less on heuristics, such as party, and more on substantive information, such as policy positions. The most prominent example of this scholarship is the Affective Intelligence (AI) theory of emotions. In this paper; we use cross-sectional and panel survey data to test AI against two simpler alternatives: (1) that emotions directly influence candidate evaluations and (2) that candidate evaluations directly influence emo tions. Wefirst show that these simpler alternatives can produce the complex, cross-sectional interactions that provide the principal support for AL Then, using panel data to better assess causal direction, we find little support for AI, some evidence that emotions directly influence candidate evaluations, and strong evidence that candidate evaluations directly influence emotions. Scholars, we conclude, should be hesitant to abandon these simpler explanations in favor of AL.
Near-infrared fluorescent digital pathology for the automation of disease diagnosis and biomarker assessment.

Hematoxylin-eosin (HE however, coregistration of immunohistochemical staining with HE however, current opaque pigments used for immunostaining obscure H&E. In this study, we demonstrate that diagnostic information provided by two or more independent wavelengths of near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence leave the H&E stain unchanged while enabling computer-assisted diagnosis and assessment of human disease. Using prostate cancer as a model system, we introduce NIR digital pathology and demonstrate its utility along the spectrum from prostate biopsy to whole mount analysis of H&E-stained tissue.
Pharmacological Management of the Psychiatric Aspects of Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant public health problem that affects millions of people annually in the USA. Neuropsychiatric symptoms such as cognitive deficits, depression, mania, anxiety, psychosis, apathy, and sleep disturbance are common after TBI. An extensive array of pharmacological options are available to treat a wide range of neuropsychiatric sequelae of TBI, yet there have been few controlled clinical trials to assess the effects of pharmacotherapy in TBI patients. Treatment of the neuropsychiatric disturbances associated with TBI should result in decreased handicap, improved quality of life, and decreased societal impact. There is a dire need for large, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled trials that include a broad range of cognitive and behavioral outcome measures.
Secondary Prevention of Sudden Death in Athletes : The Essential Role of Automated External Defibrillators

In recent years, media coverage hasfocusedattentiononathleticcardiacarrest,incasesof both death (ie, Miklos Feher, Wes Leonard, andHank Gathers) and survival (ie, Fabrice Muamba,Anthony Van Loo, and Jiri Fischer). Cases of SCAin athletes typically raise questions regarding pro-per emergency planning for such events and therole of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) atsporting venues.The strongest determinant of survival from SCAis the time from arrest to defibrillation. Survivaldropsby7%to10%witheachminutethatdefibril-lation is delayed.
Electrical Contacts to Vertically Oriented Silicon Nano and Microdevices for Applications in Flexible Systems

Flexible devices utilizing crystalline semiconductor nano or microstructures materials are attractive for many applications. However, these materials are fabricated or grown in unusable forms for flexible systems due to their rigid crystalline mother substrates. We demonstrate a transfer printing technique for transferring vertical arrays of one-dimensional (1D) materials from mother substrates to flexible substrates with subsequent device fabrication steps to create flexible devices from these arrays. The transfer printing technique is based on vertical embossing of arrays of 1D materials into thermoplastic (Poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)) transfer layers, while the device fabrication steps rely on encapsulation with insulating polymers and contact deposition. We investigated the use of flexible insulating layers like polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and polyurethane (PU) which are shown to be effective for encapsulation and contact isolation. Representative flexible resistive devices were created from these transferred arrays and insulating layers which showed a reversible tactile characteristic. Electronic characterization and flexibility testing was carried out to show the potential of these methods for enabling large-scale integrations of nano and microstructures into vertical and flexible packages.
Moisture, Total Fat and Cholesterol in Goat Organ and Muscle Meat

Moisture, total fat and cholesterol of goat liver, kidney, heart, Longissimus dorsi (LD) and Biceps femoris (BF) muscles were determined. Samples were taken from 10 Alpine and 10 Nubian post-weaned goat kids that were fed a complete diet treated with 4 levels of Ca for 12 wk before slaughter. Mean moisture (%), total fat (%) and cholesterol (mg/100g wet tissue) for the respective tissues were: 75.9, 3.26, 214.2; 82.0, 3.14, 276.7; 79.2, 4.32,167.5; 79.2, 2.27, 57.8; 80.4, 2.03, 69.5. These goats contained less cholesterol in liver and more cholesterol in kidney and heart than the same organs in mutton samples reported previously. Fat and cholesterol were significantly (P < 0.01) influenced by dietary Ca, breed and tissue, while moisture was affected only by tissue.
Detection of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii: evaluation of four commercial immunoassay systems.

A comparative evaluation of the following commercial immunoassays for the determination of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was performed: Behring Diagnostics OPUS Toxo G and Toxo M, Abbott Diagnostics IMX Toxo-IgG 2.0 and Toxo-IgM, Sanofi Diagnostics Pasteur Platelia Toxo IgG and Toxo IgM, and bioMerieux Vitek VIDAS Toxo IgG and IgM. Of 676 specimens that were tested for Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies, 26% were reactive by all methods while 8% displayed some discrepancy. Of 718 specimens that were tested for Toxoplasma-specific IgM antibodies, 3% were reactive by all methods while 10% displayed some discrepancy. Analysis of discrepant specimens revealed performance shortcomings with all IgM-specific assays. The impact of such shortcomings is magnified in a population with a low prevalence of toxoplasmosis.
Development and validation of a yeast high-throughput screen for inhibitors of Aβ42 oligomerization

Recent reports point to small soluble oligomers, rather than insoluble fibrils, of amyloid β (Aβ), as the primary toxic species in Alzheimer’s disease. Previously, we developed a low-throughput assay in yeast that is capable of detecting small Aβ42 oligomer formation. Specifically, Aβ42 fused to the functional release factor domain of yeast translational termination factor, Sup35p, formed sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-stable low-n oligomers in living yeast, which impaired release factor activity. As a result, the assay for oligomer formation uses yeast growth to indicate restored release factor activity and presumably reduced oligomer formation. We now describe our translation of this assay into a high-throughput screen (HTS) for anti-oligomeric compounds. By doing so, we also identified two presumptive anti-oligomeric compounds from a sub-library of 12,800 drug-like small molecules. Subsequent biochemical analysis confirmed their anti-oligomeric activity, suggesting that this form of HTS is an efficient, sensitive and cost-effective approach to identify new inhibitors of Aβ42 oligomerization.
Avian amyloidosis. I. General incidence in zoo birds.

The incidence, staining qualities, organ distribution, age of affected individuals, and disease conditions associated with avian amyloidosis occurring in a population of 1698 zoo birds were analyse...
Knowledge-based prehension: capturing human dexterity

A major question facing the development of sophisticated robotics systems is how to capture the functionality seen in versatile living systems. An approach that has proven useful in designing complex systems is to capture the explicit constraints in a knowledge based system. A knowledge-based planning system under development is reported which attempts to capture the versatility of human prehension. The goal is to model the relationship between perceptual and motor systems in human prehension as well as to develop a knowledge-based grasp planner able to control sophisticated, dextrous robot hands. >
Superior Pulmonary Sulcus Tumor With Pancoast Syndrome

A 65-year-old man who smoked cigarettes heavily noted chest and shoulder pain, dyspnea on exertion, and a 9-kg weight loss during a 2-month period. He had cachexia, firm fullness in the left supraclavicular area, decreased breath sounds in the left upper lobe of the lung, and interosseous wasting of the left hand. Examination of the left eye showed miosis, enophthalmos, and ptosis. Chest radiography revealed an opacity in the apex of the left lung with erosion of the first and second ribs. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mass eroding into the first and second thoracic vertebrae, compressing the spinal cord. Biopsy of the lung revealed non–small cell carcinoma. The patient received a neck brace, corticosteroids, radiation, and chemotherapy but died 24 days after admission. This patient with a superior pulmonary sulcus tumor had Pancoast syndrome (ie, ipsilateral neuritic arm pain and muscle atrophy caused by brachial plexus invasion with Horner syndrome, ie, ipsilateral enophthalmos, ptosis, miosis, and anhydrosis caused by paravertebral sympathetic chain and stellate ganglion invasion).
Using a Supertagged Dependency Language Model to Select a Good Translation in System Combination

We present a novel, structured language model - Supertagged Dependency Language Model to model the syntactic dependencies between words. The goal is to identify ungrammatical hypotheses from a set of candidate translations in a MT system combination framework and help select the best translation candidates using a variety of sentence-level features. We use a two-step mechanism based on constituent parsing and elementary tree extraction to obtain supertags and their dependency relations. Our experiments show that the structured language model provides significant improvement in the framework of sentence-level system combination.
Study of Dynamic and Static Failure Envelopes

Laboratory tests indicate that the maximum drained shear resistance of cohesionless soils is essentially insensitive to test duration whereas purely cohesive and combined soils offer increased shear resistance described solely by a change in the apparent cohesion intercept of the failure envelope at higher strain rates. The consistent failure envelope trends provide a basis for estimating the dynamic shear resistance if the static failure envelope is available. These trends also show general agreement with hypothetical failure envelope presentations by other investigators. An extensive investigation indicates that variations in moisture content, dry density, grain size, soil structure, and pore fluid do not significantly alter the ratio of dynamic to static apparent cohesion intercepts. A specially constructed direct shear device was used to experimentally test and compare the maximum dynamic (impact) and static shear resistances of a wide variety of soils. The practical application of such results to cratering phenomena and dynamic footing response is also indicated.
Tax Return Preparers' Uses and Disclosures of Tax Return Information

It is a criminal offense for a tax return preparer to make an unauthorized use or disclosure of tax return information, and such a use or disclosure is also subject to a civil penalty. The Treasury, in 2008, restated the regulations under the rules imposing these sanctions. The new regulations broaden the scope of several of the crucial terms. For example, for purposes of these rules, the term 'tax return information' includes all information coming into a preparer’s possession in the course of preparing a taxpayer’s return, including, for example, data on a credit card that the taxpayer uses to pay the preparer’s fee, and the term 'tax return preparer' includes all employees of a preparation firm having access to tax return information, including, for example, a clerical employee whose only role in the preparation of a return is to process the taxpayer’s credit card payment of the preparer’s fee. The regulations forbid all uses and disclosures of tax return information, except those explicitly permitted by the regulations. Without a taxpayer’s consent, a preparer can generally use or disclose this information only in connection with preparation of the taxpayer’s return. Almost any use or disclosure is permissible with the taxpayer’s consent, but consent must be in writing, clearly stated, and given before the use or disclosure occurs. For example, a use of taxpayer information to solicit business other than tax preparation services is permissible only with the taxpayer’s prior written consent. This article, an excerpt from a forthcoming revision of the treatise, Federal Taxation of Income, Estates & Gifts, discusses the use and disclosure regulations.
Rev. Proc. 2003-79 Gives Partners and S Corporation Shareholders a Brief Time to Elect to Defer Income on a Change of the Entity's Taxable Year

Revenue Procedure 2003-79 allows partners and S corporation shareholders to elect to report, ratably over a four-year period, income from a partnership or S corporation (hereinafter sometimes collectively referred to as an "entity") that has been accelerated because the entity was required to change its annual accounting period. The election is available only for partners or S corporation shareholders if the partnership's or corporation's taxable year no longer qualifies as a natural business year, or in the case of certain S corporations, if the corporation's taxable year no longer qualifies as an ownership taxable year. The election is further limited to partners and S corporation shareholders in cases where the acceleration of income is attributable to the short taxable year ending on or after May 10, 2002, and before June 1, 2004 (or in the case of an entity that uses a 52-53-week taxable year, with reference to the last day of any calendar month after April 30, 2002, and before June 1, 2004). Revenue Procedure 2003-79 clarifies Revenue Procedures 2002-38 and 2002-39, which, inter alia, provide procedures for a partnership or an S corporation to change its annual accounting period if its current taxable year no longer qualifies as a natural business year (or, in the case of certain S corporations, an ownership taxable year). This article discusses Revenue Procedure 2003-79 and questions why the election is available for only a short period of time.
Intraoperative and Immediate Postoperative Outcomes of Cataract Surgery using Phacoemulsification in Eyes with and without Pseudoexfoliation Syndrome.

Background: To compare the intraoperative and immediate postoperative behavior and complications in eyes with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome with eyes having senile cataract without PEX during cataract surgery using phacoemulsification (PKE). Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, 68 eyes of 68 patients were divided into two groups: Group 1 (test) comprised 34 eyes with immature senile cataract with PEX and Group 2 (control) included 34 eyes with immature senile cataract without PEX and any coexisting ocular pathology. Phacoemulsification (modern cataract surgery) was performed on both groups through stop and chop technique and comparative analysis of the incidence of intraoperative and immediate postoperative complications was made. Results: There was no significant difference in rates of intraoperative complications between PEX (2.9%) and Control (0%) group. The mean pupil diameter was significantly smaller in Group 1 (p<0.001). No eye in either group had phacodonesis. 58.8% of eyes in Group 1 and 29.4% in Group 2 had a harder cataract (nuclear sclerosis) ≥ grade 3 (p=0.017). PKE was performed in all eyes with cataract in both groups. Intraoperative complication (zonular dialysis (dehiscence) was encountered in only 2.9% (1 case) of eyes with PEX. PC (posterior capsule) tear (rent) with vitreous loss was seen in 2.9% eyes of Group 1 and none in Group 2. Postoperatively, IOP (intraocular pressure) and aqueous flare response were comparable between the groups. Significantly higher inflammatory cell response was observed in Group 1 (p=0.014). BCVA (best corrected visual acuity) using Snellen chart with pinhole on postoperative day1 was significantly better in the control group compared to the group with PEX (p=0.027). Conclusion: Phacoemulsification can be safely performed by experienced hands in cataractous eyes with PEX. The incidence of intraoperative and immediate post-operative complications in eyes with PEX was not significantly different compared to eyes without PEX in our study. Further studies among a larger population are required.
581 ENRICHMENT OF HUMAN F-CELLS IN FETAL-MATERNAL BLOOD MIXTURES

Recovery of fetus-origin red cells from maternal venous blood could facilitate diagnosis of fetal hemoglobinopathies by the single cell immunodiffusion method, using specific antibodies to Hb variants. Among 40 Black American women in mid-trimester pregnancy who presented for termination of pregnancy, and who had a Hb A phenotype by electrophoresis, the blood of 9 contained an occasional Hb S-cell. In only these 9 cases were S-cells found in the amniotic fluid. This finding prompted development of an F-cell enrichment procedure, assuming a majority of cells which migrate into maternal circulation from the midtrimester fetus contain Hb F. F-cells in term cord blood and from adults with Hb A, AS, or S were more resistant than A-cells or S-cells to hypotonic stress equivalent to 0.45 gm% NaCl. Cells were also subjected to sequential treatment by low Na and differential centrifugation in a molten agar gradient (45C). This yielded a cell fraction in which F-cells in blood of adults were changed from 6% to 48% and in cord blood from 48% to 90%, whereas centrifugation alone on the latter achieved 74% F-cells. Preliminary observations on enrichment of maternal blood in midtrimester pregnancy are equally promising.
Thromboembolic disorders: guidance for return-to-play

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment for VTE in athletes is similar to nonathletes. Early treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) with bed rest and anticoagulation has given way to anticoagulation with early mobilization. Thrombolysis, preferably catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), may be used in select patients with upper extremity DVT (UEDVT). Surgical procedures should be reserved for those athletes with UEDVT who fail initial therapy. Compression devices are advocated for the treatment of postthrombotic symptoms (PTS) in lower extremity DVT (LEDVT) and UEDVT. Athletes with DVT should be encouraged to start a gradual return to activities of daily living (ADL) the day they begin anticoagulation therapy. A structured return-to-training program with progressive increase in intensity can begin shortly after ADL mastery, provided the athlete is monitored carefully for recurrence of VTE. Athletes should not engage in contact or collision sports until anticoagulation therapy is complete.
Abstract 3121: Systematic analysis of the DNA synthesis fidelity of somatic mutations of polymerase beta found in prostate cancer

Human DNA polymerase beta (polβ) is a monomeric protein of 335 amino acids and functions in base excision repair and meiotic recombination. Human polα is over-expressed in many cancer cells like ovarian, prostate, breast, colon and chronic myelogenous leukemia. To obtain clues of possible functions in vivo, we have determined the fidelity of DNA synthesis of polα with forward mutation assay which scored the sequence errors caused in the lacZ-α gene in M13mp2 during DNA synthesis to fill a 407-nucleotide gap. Three of seven of the somatic polα mutants, p.E232K, p.E123K and pE216K, which we identified previously in prostate tumors, were tested. The results indicated that the somatic mutants of human DNA polymerase beta display altered fidelity. The fidelity for large deletions and complex changes of the pE232K and pE123K muatants are three and 31 times lower respectively, compared to wild type polα. The T>G transversion at position 103, which is the most common feature of polB base substitution error spectrum, is observed six times and two times lower for the pE123K and p.E216K mutants than wild polymerase beta. Our data show that somatic mutations in prostate cancer change both the synthesis fidelity and/or mutation type compared with wild type polymerase beta. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3121. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3121
“Thomas” and the Growth of the Gospels *

The title of this paper quite evidently promises more than can be fulfilled in the space of a single lecture. On any reckoning, the Gospel of Thomas contains over 100 logia , and even if some may for present purposes be set aside the discussion and evaluation of the rest would still be enough to fill a quite substantial book. All that is offered here is a preliminary survey, an attempt to indicate some of the possible lines of approach, some of the conclusions which may be drawn, to present a few examples, chosen among many, which may serve to show the similarities and the variations between Thomas and our Gospels, and thereby to illustrate the ways in which the new document may very well enrich our understanding of the development of the Gospel tradition.
36 MEDICAL AND NEUROLOGIC PROBLEMS IN FEMALES WITH THE FRAGILE X PREMUTATION.

Purpose of Study Women with the fragile X premutation were originally thought to be unaffected by the CGG repeat (55-200). Recent research shows that women with the premutation have a higher rate of premature ovarian failure and osteoporosis than the general population and are also affected with the fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). The purpose of this study is to evaluate the medical problems and neurologic examination in a large group of women with the fragile X premutation compared with controls to identify other medical problems that may be related to the carrier state. Methods All females seen in the Fragile X Research and Treatment Center at UC-Davis with the premutation were included in this study (n = 139). Control subjects (n = 68) included family members of fragile X families and females recruited from the Sacramento area without the premutation age-matched to the premutation group. All subjects underwent a standardized detailed medical history, review of systems, and examination including comprehensive neurologic testing. Prevalence of medical and neurologic problems were compared between the premutation group and the control group. Results The study groups included 139 women with the fragile X premutation (18 FXTAS, 121 non-FXTAS) and 68 controls. In the premutation group, 16% had premature ovarian failure, consistent with previous reports in the literature in this population. Results also showed many other medical problems and physical examination findings in the premutation group with significantly higher prevalence than the typical population and controls, including hypothyroidism (22.5%), lupus (3%), optic neuritis (3.7%), multiple sclerosis (2%) fibromyalgia (12.4%), muscle pain (33%), and peripheral sensory deficits (12%) (p Conclusions Women with the fragile X premutation are more likely to have thyroid disease, MS symptoms, fibromyalgia, and neurologic findings such as peripheral sensory deficits, even if they do not meet the diagnostic criteria for FXTAS. Women with FXTAS have the characteristic symptoms of FXTAS (tremor, ataxia), in addition to higher rates of thyroid disease and cardiovascular problems. Thyroid screening and close neurologic follow-up are recommended for all women with the fragile X premutation.
Cost of implementing and maintaining a hospital-pharmacy-based online literature search system

The costs of implementing and maintaining an online literature search system are described. The drug information service component of the department of pharmaceutical services pursued computerization to ensure the availability of timely and comprehensive drug information and to provide hands-on experience in computerized literature retrieval for its undergraduate and graduate students. Three major implementation costs were identified: the cost of purchasing the computer hardware, the expense of a training program for the online search program, and the ongoing user's fee for access to the databases. These implementation expenses were covered through nontraditional sources of funding, and no money was required from the hospital. The system received hospital-wide publicity through a number of prominent communication vehicles when it was implemented. In its first year, there were 448 requests requiring computer searches of a total 4150 requests for drug information. Of these 448, 255 originated from physicians, 138 from pharmacists, and 55 from nurses and drug manufacturers. Medline was the most frequently accessed database, accounting for 62.6% of the charges; Toxline accounted for 32.3% and miscellaneous files 5.1%. The average monthly charge (user's fee) was +238, which was within the initial projection for the yearly expense. Because of the success of this program, the system's costs were added to the operating budget of the drug information service.
Insights in public health: Electronic cigarettes: marketing to Hawai'i's adolescents.

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are an emerging phenomenon that is becoming increasingly popular among adolescents. Current e-cigarette use among adolescents has more than doubled in the past few years nationally and more than tripled in Hawai‘i, despite the fact that safety in terms of health and injury from use is widely unknown. The use of e-cigarettes among adolescents is of particular concern because they may act as a gateway to smoking conventional tobacco cigarettes, substitute for cigarettes where smoking would normally not be allowed, and weaken the effect of clean air policies, and displace effective smoking cessation treatments. Additionally, the use of e-cigarettes may lead to the use of conventional cigarettes. There is special concern that e-cigarette companies are recruiting adolescents who would not have otherwise tried smoking by using tactics such as offering e-cigarettes in attractive flavorings and using the same successful strategies to market their product as tobacco companies have used for conventional cigarettes in past decades. It has been shown that exposure to cigarette marketing is related to initiation and progression in adolescent smoking. Yet, there remains no regulation on the marketing of e-cigarettes to adolescents. It can be extrapolated that expanded regulation that includes limits on the marketing of e-cigarettes may help decrease use among adolescents and prevent the possible increase of smoking rates.
Developing a portal channel strategy

This chapter provides a method for organizing a portal channel development strategy by identifying potential content, classifying it and then prioritizing it into distinct categories. Several effective ways of identifying content are discussed that include committees, focus groups and pilot projects. Representatives of the campus communities that will be using the portal are important to poll, ensuring they describe their actual needs versus what they think they need. External resources aggregated into the portal must be appropriate to the institution and reliable. Channels that streamline your institution's business processes will be the most valuable parts of your portal; the bulk of your portal development work should be spent in creating them. Understanding your portal vendor's programming interfaces to create custom, integrated applications is vital, as well as their philosophy in distributing new portal channels.
Inhibition of prolactin secretion by endothelin-3 is pertussis toxin-sensitive.

Abstract The effect of pertussis toxin (PTX) pretreatment on endothelin-3 (ET-3)-mediated inhibition of prolactin secretion from primary cultures of rat anterior pituitary cells was examined. Monolayer cultures of anterior pituitary cells were treated with either 20 ng/ml PTX dissolved in media or with media alone (control) on the third day of culture. Exactly 24 h after PTX pretreatment, cells were challenged with either 100 nM ET-3 dissolved in media or media alone (control) for 4 or 48 h. ET-3 significantly (P
A year in the life : Southern California College of Optometry student experience in the Indian Health Service

The Indian Health Service offers an excellent opportunity for health professions students to enhance their professional growth and knowledge. The Southern California College of Optometry began its relationship with the Indian Health Service in 1974. Today, SCCO has Memoranda of Understanding for clinical education of its students with nine of the 12 IHS area offices across the country. In 1994-95, 37.6 percent of SCCO's graduating class received a portion of their senior year clinical training in externships with the Indian Health Service. A total of 15,834 patient encounters were logged by the students while they were at the IHS sites. Fifty different types of procedures were reported by the students, reflecting an extensive clinical experience. The types of patients seen and the complexity of the patient mix, varied across the different student externships. The Indian Health Service is truly a great resource for the education of our future doctors of optometry. Indian Health Service, optometry program, externship, ocular disease
SEC16A is a RAB10 effector required for insulin-stimulated GLUT4 trafficking in adipocytes

RAB10 is a regulator of insulin-stimulated translocation of the GLUT4 glucose transporter to the plasma membrane (PM) of adipocytes, which is essential for whole-body glucose homeostasis. We establish SEC16A as a novel RAB10 effector in this process. Colocalization of SEC16A with RAB10 is augmented by insulin stimulation, and SEC16A knockdown attenuates insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation, phenocopying RAB10 knockdown. We show that SEC16A and RAB10 promote insulin-stimulated mobilization of GLUT4 from a perinuclear recycling endosome/TGN compartment. We propose RAB10-SEC16A functions to accelerate formation of the vesicles that ferry GLUT4 to the PM during insulin stimulation. Because GLUT4 continually cycles between the PM and intracellular compartments, the maintenance of elevated cell-surface GLUT4 in the presence of insulin requires accelerated biogenesis of the specialized GLUT4 transport vesicles. The function of SEC16A in GLUT4 trafficking is independent of its previously characterized activity in ER exit site formation and therefore independent of canonical COPII-coated vesicle function. However, our data support a role for SEC23A, but not the other COPII components SEC13, SEC23B, and SEC31, in the insulin stimulation of GLUT4 trafficking, suggesting that vesicles derived from subcomplexes of COPII coat proteins have a role in the specialized trafficking of GLUT4.
The Detection of Platelet-Bound Immunoglobulin Using Antibody-Coated Polyacrylamide Beads and Paraformaldehyde-Stabilized Platelets . . . A Feasibility Study

Platelets both from four patients with suspected autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura and from normal subjects, incubated with anti-platelet antibody (PI A,), were used to determine the feasibility of detecting platelet membrane-bound immunoglobulins with the use of anti-immunoglobulin coated polyacrylamide beads. Using a paraformaldehyde-stabilized platelet preparation, a significant number of plateletpolyacrylamide bead rosettes were seen with three of the four patients and with the normal anti-Pi A, sensitized platelets. This method was found to be applicable to the detection of immunoglobulin on antibody-coated platelets.