cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Vancomycin clearance in overweight and obese patients

Dr. Nix and colleagues suggest that ideal body weight (IBW) + (0.15 × excess weight) should be used to estimate volume ( V ) and cite studies of morbidly obese patients weighing >90% over IBW.[1][1],[2][2] It is debatable whether data derived from morbidly obese patients can be applied to patients
An Analysis of Arms Processes in the United States and the Soviet Union

The long-range research (Guetzkow and Hollist, 1976) in which this piece is nested aims at bringing together and “adding-up” segments of knowledge regarding international affairs. The goal is to develop a series of increasingly comprehensive theories of international relations in the format of computer simulation. This paper empirically analyzes various hypothesized explanations of competitive arms processes. Richardson-type arms race models and several modifications thereof are empirically tested for the United States and the Soviet Union from 1948–1970. The findings suggest that the process of arms build-ups is not identical for the two countries. Of eight alternative explanations considered, one model more adequately explains increases in U.S. arms, while another model more adequately fits the case of the Soviet Union. These findings provide an empirical basis for a model of arms processes which will be incorporated into a comprehensive computer simulation composed of this and other empirically analyzed modules (theories) of processes ongoing in international affairs.
Dietary influence of digestible lysine concentration on Cobb 500 hen broiler breeder reproductive performance

Abstract A study was conducted to examine the reproductive parameters of Cobb 500 broiler breeder hens fed 2 different types of diets varying in digestible lysine concentration. In total, 240 Cobb 500 broiler breeder pullets were placed in individual cages and given experimental diets from 35 to 45 wk of age. Treatments 1 and 2 were diets formulated using only commercially available feed ingredients and consisted of digestible lysine intakes of 1,200 (IDL) and 1,010 mg/hen per day (ID). Treatments 3 and 4 consisted of semipurified diets with the inclusion of l -glutamic acid to maintain isonitrogenous conditions with digestible lysine intakes of 1,010 (SPL) and 600 mg/hen per day (SP). Hens fed the SPL and SP diets had lower hen-day egg production than hens fed the ID diet, with hens receiving the IDL diet yielding intermediate values. Hens fed the SP diet had the lowest (P
Research on Product Design Based on Life Cycle Assessment

From research on Life Cycle Assessment(LCA),this paper discuss the main stages and common content of both systems,then conclude that Waste Minimization and Product ecologization is the basic requirement,which meet to the LCA.According to these requirements,paper divides the product design into two fields,which is resource design and product nature design.On the bases of these work,paper study the essential principle and route that support to design.
Paper Chromatography of Antifungal Antibiotics

Paper chromatography is very helpful in the identification and comparison of antibiotics, but very few results from the application of this technique have been published so far. The awakening of interest in the search for antibiotics which are active against fungi pathogenic to plants and animals makes the investigator aware of the scant information that is available to help characterize such agents. A knowledge of the Rf values of the known antifungal agents would help advance the search for such therapeutic materials. Often these values, in conjunction with the biological inhibitory activities, are the only criteria by which one can determine whether the unknown agent appears to be a new material. When the Rf data are obtained for shake cultures, one can eliminate many previously described antibiotic-producing organisms from further study, thus allowing more research to be applied to antibiotics which are new and different. The studies reported in this paper should serve as a guide to the identification of some of the known antifungal antibiotics.
A new ionic polymer–metal composite based on Nafion/poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) blends

The blended ion-exchange membrane of Nafion and poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) [P(VA-co-E)] was used to fabricate a new type of ionic polymer–metal composite (IPMC). P(VA-co-E) solution was blended in Nafion solution by a volume ratio of 30% and 50% and membranes were prepared through a solution casting method. The blend membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. IPMCs based on these membranes were fabricated by deposition of platinum electrode onto their surface via electroless plating process. The two-point probe measured electrode surface resistance of all prepared IPMCs was less than 2.0 cm−1. We further characterized the cross-sectional morphology and studied the electromechanical performances (displacement and blocking force) of the prepared IPMC actuators. The IPMC actuators with the blended Nafion membranes demonstrated comparable electromechanical performance to the Nafion membrane by significantly reducing the content of Nafion.
Incorporating Endoscopic Ear Surgery Into Your Clinical Practice

Paralleling the introduction of endoscopes for sinus surgery more than two decades ago, otology is facing a similar paradigm shift in the use of endoscopes to perform ear surgery. The wide-angle and high-resolution image provided by endoscopes allows for improved visualization of the tympanic cavity using minimally invasive surgical portals. Incorporating endoscopic ear surgery into otologic practice is challenging. A graduated and step-wise introduction of EES to otologic surgery is recommended to ensure safe and successful implementation.
Risk Factors for Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties in Siblings of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Abstract This study examined risk factors for behavioral and emotional problems in 1973 siblings of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Results revealed six correlates of sibling interna...
Defining Minimal Binding Regions in Regulator of Presynaptic Morphology 1 (RPM-1) Using Caenorhabditis elegans Neurons Reveals Differential Signaling Complexes

The intracellular signaling protein regulator of presynaptic morphology 1 (RPM-1) is a conserved regulator of synapse formation and axon termination in Caenorhabditis elegans. RPM-1 functions in a ubiquitin ligase complex with the F-box protein FSN-1 and functions through the microtubule binding protein RAE-1. Using a structure-function approach and positive selection for transgenic C. elegans, we explored the biochemical relationship between RPM-1, FSN-1, and RAE-1. This led to the identification of two new domains in RPM-1 that are sufficient for binding to FSN-1, called FSN-1 binding domain 2 (FBD2) and FBD3. Furthermore, we map the RAE-1 binding domain to a much smaller region of RPM-1. Point mutations in RPM-1 that reduce binding to RAE-1 did not affect FSN-1 binding, indicating that RPM-1 utilizes different biochemical mechanisms to bind these molecules. Analysis of RPM-1 protein complexes in the neurons of C. elegans elucidated two further discoveries: FSN-1 binds to RAE-1, and this interaction is not mediated by RPM-1, and RPM-1 binding to FSN-1 and RAE-1 reduces FSN-1·RAE-1 complex formation. These results indicate that RPM-1 uses different mechanisms to recruit FSN-1 and RAE-1 into independent signaling complexes in neurons.
Heightened Activation of the p53-ATM Axis in Fanconi Anemia Mutant-Derived Primary Cells: Implications for Carcinogenesis.

Fanconi anemia (FA) predisposes to hematopoietic failure, birth defects and cancer, particularly leukemia and squamous cell carcinomas involving the cervix or head and neck. Cancer predisposition suggests that at least one function of the FA gene products is tumor suppression, however, the molecular basis for this is unclear. FA gene products promote chromosome integrity, and p53-mediated apoptosis is known to provide a crucial tumor suppressive mechanism to eliminate cells susceptible to genomic instability. Consequently, we have sought to analyze the integrity of the p53-ATM axis in primary (untransformed) fibroblasts derived from FA-A and FA-C patients or Fanca-null mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We found that in FANCA (two different) or FANCC -mutant primary fibroblasts, p53 expression, Ser15 phosphorylation of p53, ATM expression and phosphorylation were all upregulated following irradiation or mitomycin C treatment, when compared to identically treated isogenic mutant cells transduced with wild-type FANCA or FANCC. ATM is activated in response to DNA double-strand breaks, but the sequence and mechanism of its activation are only partially understood. Checkpoint kinase-2 (CHK2) expression and phosphorylation were not significantly different, nor were there consistent differences in putative upstream regulators of ATM activation such as MRE11/RAD50/NBS1, 53BP1, MDC1, or TRF2. To extend our analysis of the p53 axis to primary murine cells, we first transduced human p53 into Fanca-null MEFs, with the intent of creating cells with defined basal levels of p53 (since endogenous murine p53 was nearly absent in the MEFs). As in the human patient fibroblasts, p53 expression and Ser15 phosphorylation of p53 were markedly upregulated in Fanca −/− MEFs transduced with human p53 when compared to Fanca +/+ MEFs transduced with human p53. These latter experiments also imply that upregulation of p53 levels may be due to enhanced protein stability rather than transcription. In previous work, we had reported that FANCC -mutant primary fibroblasts transduced with wild-type FANCC were at least 10-fold less prone (than parental cells) to form SV40 virus-induced transformation foci. By contrast, our present data, which indicate p53-ATM upregulation in mutant cells, suggest intact tumor suppressor proapoptotic pathways in mutant cells responding to DNA damage. Acquired functional (qualitative) p53 defects or defects in p53-independent mechanisms of tumor suppression may therefore underlie carcinogenesis in FA.
Emotional Calibration of Self-Control

Abstract We study a dynamic model of self-control where previous decisions have influence on subsequent decision making. In our model effort and guilt are negative emotions produced by previous decisions to either resist or yield to temptation, respectively. These emotions calibrate an individual's self-control, in turn affecting future decisions. Our model explains non-stationary consumption paths characterized by compensatory indulgence and restraint, why under some circumstances the amplitude of this switching pattern increases with foresight, and how unavoidable options that might show up on one's menu influence choices, consequent emotions, consumption paths, and preferences for commitment. We discuss the implications of self-control insights provided by our model for both consumers and marketers.
Permission regions for race-free parallelism

It is difficult to write parallel programs that are correct. This is because of the potential for data races , when parallel tasks access shared data in complex and unexpected ways. A classic approach to addressing this problem is dynamic race detection, which has the benefits of working transparently to the programmer and not raising any false alarms. Unfortunately, dynamic race detection is very slow in practice; further, it can only detect low-level races, not high-level races which are also known as atomicity violations . In this paper, we present a new approach to dynamic detection of data races and atomicity violations based on the concept of permission regions , which are regions of code that have permission to read or write certain variables. Dynamic checks are used to ensure that no conflicting permission regions execute in parallel, thereby allowing the granularity of checks to be adjusted according to the size of permission regions. We demonstrate that permission regions can be used to achieve significantly better performance than past work on dynamic race detection, to the point where they could be used to enable always on race detection for both low- and high-level races in production code.
Reorganizing Rural Public Finance: Reforms and Consequences

This article examines recent reforms to restructure rural public finance in China and their impact on local-government finance. The focus is on how fiscal income and financial expenditure are managed by local-level governments, particularly at the county and township levels, and how rural public and social services are financed. The article also looks at the development of intergovernmental transfers, ongoing administrative reform, more recent initiatives to extend public finance to cover rural residents as part of the comprehensive rural reform, and a new campaign to build a new socialist rural China.
Life Histories and Political Commitment in a Poor People’s Movement

Even though social movement research has developed an elaborate understanding of how individuals get involved in collective action, our theories frequently fail to capture the full diversity of activists’ experiences following recruitment. In this article, I argue that in order to analyze why people follow different trajectories after they join a movement we need to focus on the interaction between their individual backgrounds and their experiences while mobilized. I address these issues through the study of activists in the unemployed worker’s movement in Argentina (also known as the Piqueteros), one of Latin America’s most influential contemporary instances of collective action. Drawing on 133 in-depth interviews with current and former activists, as well as participant observation of events in their organizations, I find that through the interplay between their practices in the movement and other aspects of their lives, some of them gradually see participation as an end in itself. Their involvement provides refuge from the personal consequences of long-term socioeconomic decline by offering a combination of three particular rewards: access to places to belong, a feeling of empowerment, and the recognition by others in the community.
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH IN MYOTONIC DYSTROPHY TYPE 1

The incidence of intracardiac device placement in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 (DM1) patients is between 5-10%, with variable practices of prophylactic placement given the high prevalence of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Determining when and in whom to place these devices when disease may be subclinical
Filmmaking and the India-Pakistan partition: the representation of women in contemporary commercial Hindi cinema

The 1947 partition of India and Pakistan has been the subject of great scrutiny and debate. In particular, significant research has been done on the roles of women during the era and the injustices committed upon them in the name of religion. The partition in itself has been the subject of commercial Hindi cinema for the last several decades. Filmmakers have portrayed the epic migration through their own peripheries. Through this paper, we have analysed how contemporary Hindi cinema (2000 onwards) has constructed the archetypical female during the partition era while drawing upon the Ramayana. The paper analyses injustice through three forms of perpetration: communal, familial, and national. Gender identities and sexual violence have become of increasing importance in India over the last few years. At the same time, religious identity continues to play a huge role in day to day living. With the pervasive mass appeal and the rising globalisation of Indian cinema, it is critical to understand how the country's most successful films portray gender in conjunction to religion.
Application of High Speed Imaging in Particle Dynamics Study with Explosives

High-speed imaging can provide invaluable information during any explosive testing. An explosive detonation includes a shock and stress wave propagation phase and a fragmentation phase. In order to analyze what happens in a detonation event a high-speed camera is used to visualize the two different phases. This visualization capability allows for analysis of the explosive detonation. The focus of this study is to measure the performance of the explosive using ultra-high-speed photography.
Radiation damage to structural alloys in nuclear power plants: mechanisms and remediation

Abstract: The high neutron and gamma flux in the core of nuclear power plants produces changes to both the water and the structural materials, and this in turn leads to enhanced susceptibility to stress corrosion cracking (SCC). This chapter summarizes these effects, along with the ways in which they accelerate and diminish SCC growth rates, using as a baseline the SCC susceptibility of iron and nickel alloys in the unirradiated state. The primary factors are radiolysis of water, radiation hardening, radiation segregation and radiation creep relaxation. Radiation void swelling and precipitation and dissolution of phases can also play an important role in design and service life.
Poets-Pacs-Ledd

Over twenty years ago, Micklin (1973:476) admonished human ecologists for paying little attention to cause—effect relationships or operational definitions. Since 1973, the widespread usage of regression and path analysis and other complex statistical techniques in sociology has led to a variety of empirical studies that employ a human ecological framework or a closely related paradigm or theory. Many of these studies now bear the label of “organization ecology” (Aldrich 1979; Hannan and Freeman 1989). Others have applied ecological perspectives to analyses of dynamics in the world’s societies (e.g., Meyer and Hannan 1979; Bollen and Jackman 1989; Boswell and Dixon 1990; London and Robinson 1989; Messner 1989; Muller 1988, 1989; Simpson 1990; Stokes and Anderson 1990; Walton and Ragin 1990; Weede 1989; Wimberley 1990). Despite these empirical advances, sociologists have yet to fulfill Micklin’s mandate for a human ecological framework that can generate general theories that are testable by more specific, path-analytic models.2 In this chapter, I explore directions for moving human ecology’s general paradigm toward testable theoretical models. I suggest ways in which the POET paradigm intersects with other paradigmatic formulations to provide a relatively complete theoretical approach to macro-systems analysis.
cardiotoxicity of Oral Methadone as an Analgesic— recommendations for safe Use

Once used only as third-line therapy in the management of chronic pain states, methadone is now being used as first- and second-line therapy. Most risks and the stigma associated with methadone use have been known for years. Only over the past decade or so have the unique pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic properties and methods for conversion from other opioids to methadone been established. Pertinent English-language literature was obtained from MEDLINE/PUBMED and EMBASE searches (1966–June 2009). This paper provides an overview of the cardiotoxicity of oral methadone, with an emphasis on its use as an analgesic. Cardiotoxicity during its use in the maintenance of opioid addiction has also been reviewed due to the wealth of epidemiologic, risk factor, and correlative analytic data contained therein. A series of recommendations are provided to improve the cardiac safety profile of oral methadone used for analgesia. In addition, there is a discussion of settings and patient types which may impact upon these recommendations.
Selective High Affinity Ligands: A New Class of Targeting Agents for Cancer Imaging and Therapy

Selective High Affinity Ligands (SHALs) are small molecule protein targeting agents that can be readily created using a combination of computational and experimental technologies. SHALs, which consist of two or three small molecule recognition elements linked together using lysine and miniPEGs, are designed to bind to a series of unique, neighboring cavities on the protein’s surface in a manner that mimics the process of molecular recognition employed by antibodies and other biomolecules. SHAL synthesis is highly modular. Individual recognition elements and linker lengths can be easily changed to improve binding or selectivity, effectors can be added to provide multiple mechanisms of toxicity, and tags can be attached to enable use as companion diagnostics, and imaging agents. Using this approach, a series of SHALs have been developed as therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging agents for B-cell lymphomas and related malignancies that overexpress the cell surface antigen HLA-DR10. Protein-, cell-, and tissue-based assays have confirmed that the molecules bind selectively and with high affinity (nM to pM Kd) to cells and tumor biopsy samples overexpressing HLA-DR10. In vivo, the SHALs have short blood and body clearance times as expected for small molecules and tissue biodistributions that are dictated by the types of compounds used as recognition elements. A number of SHALs have been shown to exhibit tumor selective cytotoxicity and show promise as imaging agents for non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma and other B-cell-derived malignancies.
A Bayesian spatio-temporal analysis on racial disparities in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Florida, 2005-2014.

Abstract Disparities in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) exist among racial and ethnic groups in the US. However, little is known about spatio-temporal variations in HDP disparities. We used a Bayesian hierarchical regression approach to investigate spatio-temporal variations in HDP disparities from 2005 to 2014. County-level variation was firstly examined, followed by census tract-level variation assessment in counties where high HDP disparities were observed. A significant disadvantage in HDP was revealed for African Americans in Florida overall (Odds Ratio: 1.27, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.25, 1.29), with significant spatial variations. The greatest HDP disparities between African Americans and non-African Americans occurred in North Central Florida counties (the Big Bend region of Florida), with consistent patterns from 2005 to 2014. Analyses at census tract-level further revealed significant neighborhood disparities within these counties. Findings from this study provide important information for public health agencies and policymakers to reduce HDP disparities at the population level.
Pearls for Dermatologic Surgery in Pediatric Patients

To achieve successful dermatologic surgery in a pediatric patient, several factors should be considered, including recognizing a child's inherent anxiety, ability to understand/comply with instructions, engaging their caregiver, and minimizing pain. Distraction techniques, including use of smart devices or classic play, have been shown to reduce anxiety, perception of pain, and increase overall satisfaction with the needed procedure. Customizing the child's need based on their stage of development and family preferences further improves how effectively the techniques are deployed. Because children are naturally playful, suturing techniques and dressing of surgical wounds may also require modification for best possible outcome.
First-Arrival Seismic Holograms

Under certain conditions, phase-only impulse seismic holograms of underground objects may be made by using only the source-object-detector travel times to calculate the relative phases of the arriving signals. This circumstance eliminates the necessity of recording and processing entire signals and, in principle, allows one to make seismic holograms by resorting to simple and rapid timing circuitry, rather than the comparatively complex apparatus needed to record and digitize entire signals.
A Rubric-Driven Evaluation of Open Data Portals and Their Data in Transportation

The open data movement has been gaining momentum in the Transportation industry in recent years, with multiple State Departments of Transportation (DOT) launching their own repository of datasets. These actions offer the potential to improve both transportation safety and mobility. That said, an examination of the quality of data, ease of use, and availability of metadata across agencies revealed a significant variation among them and presented a serious concern to realizing the full potential of these principled efforts. This study highlights the imminent need for agency support towards assessing data warehouse quality and in establishing an index to measure performance. The approach includes a data portal evaluation rubric (DPER) that captures the essence of the National Open Data Policy. Its metrics are devised from practices implemented across several agencies to ensure the effective use of open data. The proposed DPER was applied to 43 transportation-related open data portals at the state (39) and national level (4). The DPER examines the quality, the openness of data, and the relevance of published content to the Transportation industry. The evaluation found that the portal hosted by the state of New York scored the highest due to its user-friendly interface with interactive visualization tools, relevant data content, detailed information about the data, and the useful API (Application Program Interface) references for application developers. The absolute scramble by agencies to fight the life-impacting events of 2020 emphasizes both the need and urgency to provide standardized, accessible, and accurate data for a ubiquitous audience.
Association of Work Measures and Specialty With Assigned Work Relative Value Units Among Surgeons.

Importance The primary data sources used to generate and update work relative value units (RVUs) are surveys of small groups of specialists who are asked to estimate the time and intensity needed to perform surgical procedures. Because these surveys are conducted by specialty societies and rely on subjective data, these sources have been challenged as potentially biased. Objective To assess whether objective work measures are associated with a surgical procedure’s assigned work RVUs and whether differences exist by surgical specialty. Design, Setting, and Participants This cross-sectional study obtained data from the 2016 and 2017 participant use files of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program. The 2017 physician fee schedule of the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services was a secondary data source. Procedures were included if they had at least 100 patient-level observations over the 2-year period. Data were analyzed from August 29, 2018, to April 2, 2019. Main Outcomes and Measures The dependent variable was a procedure’s assigned work RVU. Independent variables of work RVUs were 4 procedure-level work measures (median operative time, median postoperative length of stay, all-cause 30-day readmission rate, and all-cause 30-day reoperation rate) and surgeon specialty (10-level category using general surgery as the reference). Results The data set included 628 uniqueCurrent Procedural Terminology(CPT) codes and 726CPT-specialty combinations from 1 239 991 patient observations. Statistically significant associations were found between each work measure and assigned work RVU, as follows: median operative time (R2 = 0.74; 95% CI, 0.71-0.78), postoperative length of stay (R2 = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.36-0.48), rate of readmission (R2 = 0.18; 95% CI, 0.13-0.23), and rate of reoperation (R2 = 0.15; 95% CI, 0.10-0.20). Including all 4 measures explained 80.2% (95% CI, 77.3%-83.1%) of the variation. Adding the surgical specialty improved the overall fit of the model (likelihood ratio test χ2 = 231.27;P Conclusions and Relevance Objective work measures appeared to be associated with assigned work RVUs, predominantly with operative time; registry data can be used to augment and inform the generation and updating processes of the work RVUs.
Ailu: An Affordable Sensorized Toy for Detection of Neuro and Motor Delays in Infants

Early detection of neurodevelopmental disorders in infants is critical for early intervention to improve their long-term function. Integrating natural play with quantitative measurements of developmental milestones may help to quickly and efficiently identify infants at-risk for developmental delays. Ailu is a sensorized toy designed to elicit and measure natural infant play interactions. Ailu is part of the Play and Neuro Development Assessment (PANDA) gym, whose purpose is to serve as a universal and quantitative screening tool for detection of delays. This case study describes design considerations made developing Ailu and evaluates Ailu’s potential in upper limb, lower limb, and parent-guided testing with a 3-month old infant. Ailu can encourage reaching, kicking, and grasping, and will be tested for distinguishing typical and atypical development with further infant trials.
Clinical and Imaging Characteristics Associated with Color Vision Impairment in Lewy Body Disease.

Background Color vision impairment (CVI) has been reported in dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and prodromal Lewy body disease (pro-LBD). Objective In order to better characterize the diagnostic value of CVI testing, we compared the prevalence of CVI in patients with with Lewy body disease compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD), and we examined clinical and imaging characteristics associated with CVI in patients with DLB and suspected pro-LBD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed medical records, dopamine transporter (DaT-SPECT) imaging, and volumetric MRI from patients with AD, DLB, and suspected pro-LBD who underwent an online Farnsworth D-15 color vision test. Results 111 patients (62 DLB, 25 pro-LBD, and 24 AD) were included with a median age of 75 years. Newly diagnosed CVI was present in 67% of patients with DLB, 44% of patients with pro-LBD, and 18% of patients with AD. In patients with DLB, CVI was associated with lower Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores and lower sub-scores in visuospatial/executive function, naming, and language. In a multivariable logistic regression model, a diagnosis of DLB or pro-LBD compared to AD, and a lower composite MoCA score in visuospatial/executive function, naming, and language were associated with CVI controlling for age and gender. Among 17 DLB patients who underwent volumetric MRI, patients with CVI (n = 9) demonstrated lower normative volumetric percentiles in the right transverse superior temporal lobe. Conclusion We provide further evidence that CVI can help differentiate DLB from AD, and we suggest that CVI may be an indicator of cognitive decline and disease progression in DLB.
Behavioral Problems in Children

Disruptive or externalizing behaviors are one of the most common reasons for children to receive a mental health referral. Such behaviors may include tantrums, noncompliance, property destruction, aggression, and more serious conduct concerns such as fire setting or cruelty to animals or people. Parenting practices, discipline strategies, traumatic events, and cultural stress are factors that may contribute to the development of behavioral problems in children. Culturally sensitive standardized assessment systems may be used to screen and assess the severity of behavioral problems and are available in many languages. Evidence-based treatments include parent management training and parent-child dyadic therapies and have shown success with families across a variety of cultures. Specific recommendations for clinicians with regard to considering cultural factors in assessment and treatment are reviewed.
Concussion Incidence and Impact on Player Performance in Major League Baseball Players Before and After a Standardized Concussion Protocol

Background:Sports-related concussions have garnered significant attention in recent years because of the negative effects they can have on a player’s cognitive health and performance. In response t...
How Offender Decision-making Can Inform Policing: A Focus on the Perceived Certainty of Apprehension

Empirical evidence suggests that the perceived certainty of apprehension is a far more effective deterrent than the severity of sanctioning. In concordance with this, many policing strategies have focused on increasing the certainty of apprehension as a key tactic in crime reduction. This chapter describes how recent advances in criminological understanding of perceived certainty are thought to influence offender decision-making. We then illustrate how these findings may inform policing and suggest potential avenues for collaborations between researchers and practitioners to further enhance understanding of offender decision-making and guide evidence-based policing.
Characterization of the unconventional Tuscaloosa marine shale reservoir in southwestern Mississippi, USA: Insights from optical and SEM petrography

Abstract This study presents new optical petrography and electron microscopy data, interpreted in the context of previously published petrophysical, geochemical, and mineralogical data, to further characterize the Tuscaloosa marine shale (TMS) as an unconventional reservoir in southwestern Mississippi. The basal high resistivity zone has a higher proportion of Type II sedimentary organic matter than the overlying TMS, indicating it is more prone to oil generation. Optical petrography and electron microscopy reveal a heterogeneous clay matrix with ubiquitous pyrite grains, quartz, feldspar, glaucony, foraminifera, shell fragments, and rarer occurrences of apatite and crinoid fragments as well as liptinite, alginite, inertinite, and vitrinite. Our petrographic observations suggest that higher abundances of detrital quartz grains coupled with minimal authigenic cements result in higher porosity and permeability. However, the TMS is also more clay-rich than other unconventional shale oil and gas plays, which can impair the effectiveness of hydraulic fracture stimulation. Thin section observations reveal alternating clay and calcium carbonate laminae that are interpreted to reflect changes in sediment flux. Planktonic foraminifera indicate an overlying oxygenated water column while benthic inoceramid fragments and pervasive authigenic pyrite suggest anoxic or dysoxic bottom water conditions. Apatite fragments in thin section suggest mixing events and an influx of nutrient-rich sediments. Overall, these observations suggest that a variety of paleodepositional environments occurred in the TMS and the lithofacies diversity resulting from these small-scale depositional cycles makes it difficult to determinatively identify areas conducive to enhanced economic hydrocarbon recovery.
Interfacial structure and strain accommodation in two-phase Nb Co 1.2 Sn Heusler intermetallics

Multiphasic intermetallic materials are attractive candidates for functional applications where the constituent phases alone do not meet the property targets. The interfaces at the phase boundaries in these materials are central to their macroscopic properties, with the details of the atomic structure underpinning local thermomechanical, electrical, and magnetic behavior. Here, we characterize the interface structure in the biphasic Nb-Co-Sn system consisting of $\mathrm{Nb}{\mathrm{Co}}_{2}\mathrm{Sn}$ full Heusler (FH) precipitates embedded in a NbCoSn half Heusler (HH) matrix, which exhibits semicoherent interfaces with a 3.3% lattice parameter misfit that determines the constitution of the FH/HH interface on the nanometer scale. We use detailed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomistic calculations to precisely determine the dislocation content and structure at the semicoherent interface, which modulates the strain fields in a semiregular pattern. We find that the interface forms regularly spaced paired partial dislocations with a joint Burgers vector of $a/2\ensuremath{\langle}110\ensuremath{\rangle}$, favored by misfit energy relief and chemical ordering. The interface exhibits numerous interface steps (disconnections) which in turn determine the precipitate morphology. Overall, the two phases show full coherency except in the vicinity of the misfit dislocation cores located every 11 nm, leading to a modulated strain field parallel to the interface, and no long-range strain fields as the interfacial dislocations accommodate the misfit strain.
Bubbling Away: Forecasting Real Estate Prices, Rents, and Bubbles in a Transition Economy

Real housing prices have both surged and swooned in formerly socialist countries. We use 2000–2017 aggregate housing sales and rental price data from Kazakhstan to explore price movements during boom and stagnation eras, investigating the rent–price ratio’s (RPR) capacity to predict housing returns and rent growth for an emerging post-Soviet economy. RPR predicts returns better during periods of price increases than declines, and its importance in predicting the bubble component diminishes with time. Short-run RPR changes are consistent with rational bubble behavior during the period of secular upswing but different predictive variables matter during price increases and declines.
Decreased Ecological Resistance of the Gut Microbiota in Response to Clindamycin Challenge in Mice Colonized with the Fungus Candida albicans

ABSTRACT The mammalian gut microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms which typically exhibits remarkable stability. As the gut microbiota has been shown to affect many aspects of host health, the molecular keys to developing and maintaining a “healthy” gut microbiota are highly sought after. Yet, the qualities that define a microbiota as healthy remain elusive. We used the ability to resist change in response to antibiotic disruption, a quality we refer to as ecological resistance, as a metric for the health of the bacterial microbiota. Using a mouse model, we found that colonization with the commensal fungus Candida albicans decreased the ecological resistance of the bacterial microbiota in response to the antibiotic clindamycin such that increased microbiota disruption was observed in C. albicans-colonized mice compared to that in uncolonized mice. C. albicans colonization resulted in decreased alpha diversity and small changes in abundance of bacterial genera prior to clindamycin challenge. Strikingly, co-occurrence network analysis demonstrated that C. albicans colonization resulted in sweeping changes to the co-occurrence network structure, including decreased modularity and centrality and increased density. Thus, C. albicans colonization resulted in changes to the bacterial microbiota community and reduced its ecological resistance. IMPORTANCECandida albicans is the most common fungal member of the human gut microbiota, yet its ability to interact with and affect the bacterial gut microbiota is largely uncharacterized. Previous reports showed limited changes in microbiota composition as defined by bacterial species abundance as a consequence of C. albicans colonization. We also observed only a few bacterial genera that were significantly altered in abundance in C. albicans-colonized mice; however, C. albicans colonization significantly changed the structure of the bacterial microbiota co-occurrence network. Additionally, C. albicans colonization changed the response of the bacterial microbiota ecosystem to a clinically relevant perturbation, challenge with the antibiotic clindamycin.
Laparoscopic Repair of Epiphrenic Diverticulum

With the advancement of minimally invasive techniques, the laparoscopic approach of the epiphrenic diverticula has gained widespread popularity and it is considered today the approach of choice in most cases. Unfortunately, the preoperative evaluation of patients with epiphrenic diverticula, and their surgical management, is still ill defined. The goal of this article is to highlight the evidence-based rationale for our standard preoperative evaluation and chosen surgical technique.
Climate change, social vulnerability and child nutrition in South Asia

Abstract Despite recent advancements in global population well-being and food security, climate change threatens to undermine child nutritional health, particularly for marginalized populations in tropical low- and middle-income countries. South Asia is at particular risk for climate-driven undernutrition due to a combination of historical weather exposures, existing nutritional deficits, and a lack of sanitation access. Previous studies have established that precipitation extremes increase rates of undernutrition in this region, but the existing literature lacks adequate consideration of temperature anomalies, mediating social factors, and the developmentally-relevant timing of exposure. We combine high-resolution temperature and precipitation data with large-sample survey data on household demographics and child anthropometry, using an approach that incorporates three key developmental periods and a rigorous fixed effects design. We find that precipitation extremes in the first year of life significantly decrease children’s height-for-age (HAZ) in South Asia. The detrimental effects of extreme precipitation are especially concentrated in under-resourced households, such as those lacking access to proper sanitation and education for women, while anomalous heat is particularly harmful for children in Pakistan, though it tends to benefit children in some demographic groups. These results indicate that nutritional status in South Asia is highly responsive to climate exposures, and that addressing sanitation infrastructure and other development priorities is a pathway towards reducing this vulnerability.
Updated Electronic Testbed System

As we continue to advance in exploring space frontiers, technology must also advance. The need for faster data recovery and data processing is crucial. In this, the less equipment used, and lighter that equipment is, the better. Because integrated circuits become more sensitive in high altitude, experimental verification and quantification is required. The Center for Applied Radiation Research (CARR) at Prairie View A&M University was awarded a grant by NASA to participate in the NASA ER-2 Flight Program, the APEX balloon flight program, and the Student Launch Program. These programs are to test anomalous errors in integrated circuits due to single event effects (SEE). CARR had already begun experiments characterizing the SEE behavior of high speed and high density SRAM's. The research center built a error testing system using a PC-104 computer unit, an Iomega Zip drive for storage, a test board with the components under test, and a latchup detection and reset unit. A test program was written to continuously monitor a stored data pattern in the SRAM chip and record errors. The devices under test were eight 4Mbit memory chips totaling 4Mbytes of memory. CARR was successful at obtaining data using the Electronic TestBed System (EBS) in various NASA ER-2 test flights. These series of high altitude flights of up to 70,000 feet, were effective at yielding the conditions which single event effects usually occur. However, the data received from the series of flights indicated one error per twenty-four hours. Because flight test time is very expensive, the initial design proved not to be cost effective. The need for orders of magnitude with more memory became essential. Therefore, a project which could test more memory within a given time was created. The goal of this project was not only to test more memory within a given time, but also to have a system with a faster processing speed, and which used less peripherals. This paper will describe procedures used to build an updated Electronic Testbed System.
Observations of Saturn in the 5- to 8-μm spectral region

A spectrum of Saturn obtained from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory exhibits an emission peak at 6.8 microns attributed to ethane, but is otherwise dominated by absorption from 5.3 to 7.2 microns. While the large absorption in this spectral region is consistent with the presence of ammonia gas or ammonia ice, or both, such an explanation is inconsistent with the lack of a major absorption near 3.0 microns.
Resilient and Robust Control of an Energy Integrated Distillation Column

A distillation column equipped with an intermediate condenser for energy conservation was studied using advanced multivariable control techniques. The intermediate condenser heat duty was successfully used as an extra manipulated variable, giving rise to non-square three input-two output control system designs. The material balance control structure had much better performance than the energy balance structure. The primary advantage of the non-square control system is that it minimizes the control effort required to counteract a process disturbance. This gives the non-square control system the capability of handling a larger magnitude disturbance than a square control system.
Laser generation of scaled astrophysical blast waves in a dynamically-significant magnetic field

We report preliminary results on the stability of a magnetized laser-launched blast wave scaled to simulate a supernova remnant. Magnetic fields appear to suppress the Vishniac overstability at high mode numbers, possibly facilitating gravitational star formation.
[Comment on “Meeting Ph.D. Graduates' needs in a changing global environment”] Challenges to fostering interdisciplinary graduate education

C. Susan Weiler's article (“Meeting Ph.D. graduates' needs in a changing global environment,” Eos, 55(13), 149, 151) calling for more care and attention to interdisciplinary graduate education illuminated an important and neglected issue. Weiler makes the excellent point that for society to manage complex natural systems effectively, it is imperative that we establish stronger connections between science and public policy. However, as a nation, the United States lacks the institutional research culture to foster this. Nor are we training sufficient numbers of professionals with the skills to make these connections; and when the small number of truly interdisciplinary scientists emerge annually into the workforce, there are few positions that fit them. I echo Weiler's call for increased interdisciplinary collaboration, and the necessary training to support this increase. However, there are some fundamental obstacles her article does not explore.
LA POROSIDAD DE LOS LÍMITES: zonas de contacto en la imaginación biopolítica latinoamericana

Resumen: En este trabajo me interesa explorar de manera muy provisional y especulativa la frontera entre lo animal y lo humano a partir de algunas contribuciones de la teoria antropologica, la teoria literaria y el pensamiento contemporaneo. Palabras-claves: frontera; animalidade; biopolitica. Resumo: Neste artigo exploro, de maneira muito provisoria e especulativa, a fronteira entre animais e humanos a partir de algumas contribuicoes feitas pela teoria antropologica, pela teoria literaria e pelo pensamento contemporâneo. Palavras-chave: fronteira; animalidade; biopolitica.