cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of soil water retention curves from soil bulk electrical conductivity and water content measurements

Abstract Measurement of soil water retention curves (SWRCs) is time consuming, and there is no single laboratory device available to measure a SWRC over an entire range of relevant pressures. The van Genuchten (vG) model is commonly used to characterize the shape of the SWRC. Bulk soil electrical conductivity as a function of water content, σ(θ), has been used to estimate hydraulic properties of unsaturated soils, thus making it possible to relate σ(θ) and SWRC. The saturated and residual water content values, θs and θr, can be estimated from soil bulk density and particle size distribution. In this study, we present an approach to estimate vG parameters m and α from σ measured at saturated and residual soil water contents, as well as σ(θ) values measured at intermediate water contents. A thermo-time domain reflectometry (thermo-TDR) sensor is used to measure σ and θ of the same soil sample volume. SWRCs for three soils (Glassil 530 sand, Tennessee silt loam and Illinois clay loam with bulk densities ranging from 1.52 to 1.67 g cm−3, 1.05 to 1.25 g cm−3 and 1.05 to 1.2 g cm−3, respectively) are estimated from σ(θ) measurements and compared with direct SWRC measurements obtained with a tension table and pressure plate extractors. Additional comparisons are made using data obtained from the literature. The proposed method to estimate SWRCs performs well when compared to direct SWRC measurements (with an average RMSE and an average bias of 0.041 cm3 cm−3 and 0.008 cm3 cm−3, respectively). Results indicate that the new σ(θ) based method accurately estimates SWRCs.
“Alimentar el espíritu, alimentar el cuerpo: marginalidad y lectura en Patíbulo para un caballo, de Cronwell Jara”

Este articulo analiza la representacion del libro y la lectura en la novela Patibulo para un caballo (1989), del escritor peruano Cronwell Jara, y su funcion frente a la marginalidad y el hambre. La novela forma parte de la narrativa de la barriada, un espacio urbano periferico erigido por migrantes de provincia y caracterizado por la precariedad, la informalidad y la violencia. Mientras que otras obras del genero se aproximan a este espacio desde los lentes de la miseria y la otredad, Montacerdos, la barriada en Patibulo para un caballo, es una poblacion que lee y que se vale de sus practicas lectoras para imaginar y crear futuros alternativos y propios. Sugiero que los personajes de la novela hacen del libro y la lectura una experiencia intima y cotidiana, que transciende una comunidad imaginada que los margina (Anderson), y en vez generan espacios y momentos de una comunion lectora (Silverman). Esta comunion parte, propongo, de una interaccion con el libro que opera no solo a un nivel cognitivo, sino que se manifiesta como una practica fisica y corporea (Littau, McLaughlin). En particular, esta interaccion se manifiesta a traves del hambre de los pobladores de Montacerdos: a falta de alimentos, estos hacen del libro un vehiculo para procurar comida, de manera metaforica y literal. En Patibulo para un caballo, la lectura es tanto una forma de saciar el hambre como de afirmar una potencialidad creativa desde los margenes de la ciudad letrada.
Racial disparities in routine health checkup and adherence to cancer screening guidelines among women in the United States of America.

Routine health checkup and cancer screening rates among women are suboptimal, partially due to the health care disparities by race/ethnicity in the USA. This study examined the previously understudied associations between routine health checkup, cervical cancer screening, and breast cancer screening by race/ethnicity using the national representative sample of women. Data were obtained from three cycles (2017, 2018, and 2019) of the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) (n = 12,227). Survey-weighted logistic regressions were evaluated to assess associations between routine health checkup and cervical and breast cancer screening compliance with the established guidelines with the age criteria and frequency of screening by race/ethnicity (Black, White, Hispanic, and Other). This study included 6,941 women in the cervical cancer screening and 8,005 women for breast cancer screening, considering the age criteria. Women who had received routine health checkups were more likely to meet the cervical cancer screening guideline (Odds ratio 3.24, p < 0.05) and breast cancer screening guideline (OR 5.86, p < 0.05) compared to women who did not receive routine health checkups. While routine health checkups were associated with both types of cancer screenings in most racial/ethnic groups, analyses stratified by race/ethnicity suggest that Hispanic women and Other women did not benefit from routine health checkup in relation to cervical and breast cancer screening, respectively. Promotion of routine health checkups could promote cancer screening among women across racial/ethnic groups, although specific racial/ethnic groups may require additional support.
On the Coefficient Alpha in High-Dimensions

Cronbach’s coefficient alpha remains very important as a measure of internal consistency. The well-known Spearman-Brown formula indicates that as the number of items (i.e., the dimension) goes to infinity, the coefficient alpha eventually approaches one. In this work, we show that under the assumption of a one-factor model, not necessarily with parallel items, the phenomenon of the coefficient alpha approaching one is closely related to four different phenomena: (1) the closeness between factor-analysis (FA) loadings and principal-component-analysis (PCA) loadings, (2) the inverse of the population covariance matrix of the manifest variables becoming a diagonal matrix, (3) the communalities between FA and PCA approaching each other, and (4) the factor score and the principal component agreeing with each other. These results allow us to characterize the relationship between FA and PCA with respect to the coefficient alpha.
Humanized mouse models of Cooley's anemia: correct fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switching, disease onset, and disease pathology

beta thalassemia major or Cooley's Anemia (CA) has been difficult to model in mice due to their lack of a fetal hemoglobin gene equivalent. This summary describes novel preclinical humanized mouse models of CA that survive on human fetal hemoglobin at birth and are blood-transfusion dependent for life upon completion of their human fetal-to-adult hemoglobin switch after birth. These CA models are the first to recapitulate the temporal onset of the disease in human patients. These novel humanized CA disease models are useful for the study of the regulation of globin gene expression, synthesis, and switching; examining the onset of disease pathology; development of transfusion and iron chelation therapies; induction of fetal hemoglobin synthesis; and the testing of novel genetic and cell-based therapies for the correction of thalassemia.
Dual isotope SPECT imaging of I-123 and I-125

Peripheral amyloidosis is a debilitating and often fatal disease. SPECT imaging of amyloid in mice has been established using 125I-SAP. Current efforts are aimed at using125I-labeled synthetic peptides such as p5, which are easier to translate into the clinic in the US since SAP is of human origin. It needs to be shown that the new peptide biomarkers correlate well with the gold standard, SAP. As both materials can be radioiodinated using facile chemistry, the challenge then becomes to develop a protocol that supports dual isotope SPECT imaging of 123I-labeled SAP and the 125I-labeled peptide. We address this challenge by first quantifying the amount of cross-talk between the two radio nuclides. We subsequently suggest a correction method.
Open hole and postimpact compressive fatigue of stitched and unstitched carbon-epoxy composites

The performance is studied of a stitched uniweave fabric composite and that of a toughened tape composite. The effects of stitching on compression fatigue life are addressed. Post impact compression fatigue and open hole fatigue tests were run on an AS4/3501-6 uniweave with stitching and a toughened IM7/8551-7 tape without stitching. Stitching was found to increase the thickness and consequently the weight of the composite material. The two materials were compared on an equal carbon content basis as well as on an equal weight basis. The excess thickness in the stitched uniweave composite was responsible for the lower fatigue life, on an equal carbon basis, compared to the toughened resin tape composite. Comparison of fatigue lives on an equal carbon content basis indicated that puncture or crimp type damage from stitching has very little effect on compression failure. Post impact fatigue test showed that although the damage area in the stitched uniweave composite was twice that of the toughened tape composite, the fatigue lives of the stitched composite were significantly longer than those of the toughened composite. Thus, it appears that the increase in thickness from stitching is much more of a penalty than crimped fibers or puncture type damage from stitching.
The algebra of spin currents in a simple model

The algebra of spin currents introduced in a previous publication is tested in a field theoretical model leading to a favorable result in the perfect internal-symmetry limit.
Resuscitation Bundle in Pediatric Shock Decreases Acute Kidney Injury and Improves Outcomes.

Objective To investigate the impact of an early emergency department (ED) protocol-driven resuscitation (septic shock protocol [SSP]) on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI). Study design This was a retrospective pediatric cohort with clinical sepsis admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) from the ED before (2009, PRE) and after (2010, POST) implementation of the SSP. AKI was defined by pRIFLE (pediatric version of the Risk of renal dysfunction; Injury to kidney; Failure of kidney function; Loss of kidney function, End-stage renal disease creatinine criteria). Results A total of 202 patients (PRE, n = 98; POST, n = 104) were included (53% male, mean age 7.7 ± 5.6 years, mean Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction [PELOD] 8.9 ± 12.7, mean Pediatric Risk of Mortality score 5.3 ± 13.9). There were no differences in demographics or illness severity between the PRE and POST groups. POST was associated with decreased AKI (54% vs 29%, P P = .04), PICU, and hospital lengths of stay (LOS) (1.9 ± 2.3 vs 4.5 ± 7.6, P P P = .037). The SSP was independently associated with decreased AKI when we controlled for age, sex, and PELOD (OR 0.27, CI 0.13-0.56). In multivariate analyses, the SSP was independently associated with shorter PICU and hospital LOS when we controlled for AKI and PELOD ( P = .02, P Conclusion A protocol-driven implementation of a resuscitation bundle in the pediatric ED decreased AKI and need for renal-replacement therapy, as well as PICU and hospital LOS and mortality.
The Cause and Effect of Exclusionary Zoning in Central Cities

I model a central city where citizens differ by income, and housing confers benefits on neighbors. A city planner makes zoning laws that differ by neighborhood, and citizens separate into neighborhoods by income. This policy maximizes a benefit-cost welfare criterion and facilitates redistribution of income, so gains go to the coalition of citizens on whom the planner depends for political support. Under majority rule, supporting coalitions change from rich to poor as cities grow. The coalition extracts subsidies from non members, who may form suburbs to escape. If zoning requires unanimous approval, it brings about a Pareto improvement in the city, and suburbanization slows. Welfare gains from zoning increase as the distribution of income becomes less equal, which helps to explain why neighborhood stratification by income has outpaced stratification of income itself in U.S cities in recent decades.
Worked Examples with Errors for Computer Science Education

Numerous studies document the value of worked examples in mathematics education and provide guidance regarding effective instructional design choices. The research described here draws on that body of work, research on learning from errors, and computer science education research, to study worked examples with errors for computer science education. I describe my prototype instructional designs using three programming languages and my two preliminary studies ' a quantitative study using worked examples in a college computer science class, and a qualitative study of a high school computing class. These innovations and experiments inform my doctoral research study.
Functional Roles of in Vivo Footprinted DNA Motifs within an α-Globin Enhancer ERYTHROID LINEAGE AND DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE SPECIFICITIES

Transcriptional regulation of the human alpha-like globin genes, embryonic zeta 2 and adult alpha, during erythroid development is mediated by a distal enhancer, HS-40. Previous protein-DNA binding studies have shown that HS-40 consists of multiple nuclear factor binding motifs that are occupied in vivo in an erythroid lineage- and developmental stage-specific manner. We have systematically analyzed the functional roles of these factor binding motifs of HS-40 by site-directed mutagenesis and transient expression assay in erythroid cell cultures. Three of these HS-40 enhancer motifs, 5'NF-E2/AP1, GT II, and GATA-1(c), positively regulate the zeta 2-globin promoter activity in embryonic/fetal erythroid K562 cells and the adult alpha-globin promoter activity in adult erythroid MEL cells. On the other hand, the 3'NF-E2/AP1 motif is able to exert both positive and negative regulatory effects on the zeta 2-globin promoter activity in K562 cells, and this dual function appears to be modulated through differential binding of the ubiquitous AP1 factors and the erythroid-enriched NF-E2 factor. Mutation in the GATA-1(d) motif, which exhibits an adult erythroid-specific genomic footprint, decreases the HS-40 enhancer function in dimethyl sulfoxide-induced MEL cells but not in K562 cells. These studies have defined the regulatory roles of the different HS-40 motifs. The remarkable correlation between genomic footprinting data and the mutagenesis results also suggests that the erythroid lineage- and developmental stage-specific regulation of human alpha-like globin promoters is indeed modulated by stable binding of specific nuclear factors in vivo.
Stability of thin liquid films evaporating into saturated vapor

Abstract Because of its importance in boiling heat transfer problems, the stability of a superheated thin liquid film, lying on a solid substrate and evaporating into saturated vapor, is studied. Ordinarily it is expected that the temperature at the vapor liquid interface is constant at the saturation temperature. However, due to the intermolecular forces of interaction, the boiling piont is a function of the thickness of the liquid layer. The stability analysis shows that because of the above feature, surface tension gradient driven flows and Marangoni instability can exist. However, the stabilizing influence of the surface tension augmented by the intermolecular forces, is very high. Using bulk values for the physical quantities, it is seen that most liquid films are stable due to the damping from the latent heat of vaporization, the usual values of which are excessively high for the instability to occur. Although in principle liquids may exist with adequately low latent heats or the physical properties in the thin films may differ sufficiently from their bulk values for the instability to occur, the conclusion that such films are stable appear to be general.
A real‐time DNase assay (ReDA) based on PicoGreen ® fluorescence

DNA nucleases (DNases) perform a wide variety of important cellular functions and are also very useful for research and in biotechnological applications. Due to the biological and technological importance of DNases and their use in a wide range of applications, DNase activity assays are essential. Traditional DNase assays employ radiolabeled DNA substrates and require separation of the products of the reaction from the unreacted substrate before quantification of enzyme activity. As a consequence, these methods are discontinuous. In this report, we describe a continuous DNase assay based on the differential fluorescence output of a DNA dye ligand called PicoGreen®. The assay was developed to characterize a processive dsDNA exonuclease, lambda exonuclease. The assay appears to have general utility as it is also suitable for measuring the DNA digestion activities of a processive helicase/nuclease, RecBCD, a distributive exonuclease, T7 gene 6 exonuclease, and an endonuclease, DNaseI. The benefits of, and limitations to, the method are discussed.
Power suppressed corrections to deep inelastic scattering

Abstract A direct calculation of the leading power law corrections to the structure functions at large x is described. Three unexpected results are that these terms have a form different from that usually assumed, the leading correction to W 2 is negative, and R is large and slowly varying.
THE CHRONOLOGY AND HISTORY OF MOUNT TAYLOR PERIOD (CA. 7400–4600 CAL B.P.) SHELL SITES ON THE MIDDLE ST. JOHNS RIVER, FLORIDA

Mount Taylor period (ca. 7400–4600 cal. B.P.) shell mounds on the St. Johns River in northeast Florida were some of the first Archaic freshwater shell sites to be documented in the Southeast. However, there is much that remains unknown about their chronology, history, and changing significance through time. This paper presents a regional chronology ofMount Taylor shell sites based on radiocarbon assays from well-documented contexts. Three major changes in the distribution, arrangement, and use of shell sites are identified which correspond with significant shifts in social interaction and environmental change. An examination of the contexts of shell deposition demonstrates that shell sites were frequently established as places to dwell and were subsequently transformed into places of commemorative ceremony or mortuary ritual. The history of Mount Taylor shell sites has implications for the broader debate on whether shell sites were middens or monuments.
Summary and closing comments

Abstract Two years ago, when the last meeting in this series (1) was held at Newport Beach, California, the existence of five muscarinic receptor subtypes had been clearly established and all of them had been cloned and sequenced. A good deal was known about their distribution and several moderately selective ligands were known for some of them. Since then rapid progress has been made in several areas; studies using in particular computer modelling and site-directed mutagenesis have revealed abundant putative information about the tertiary structure of the receptors, the residues interacting with ligands and G-proteins and the probable locations of allosteric sites. Mechanisms of regulation leading to short-and long-term changes in sensitivity have been a major focus of attention. In many cases clear evidence has been presented of the experimental promise and clinical usefulness of new muscarinic receptor subtype-specific drugs.
Susceptibility of Wechsler Spatial Ability to Experience with Related Games

Dirks (1982) reported that the WISC-R Block-Design subtest score is amenable to 30 minutes of practice effects transferring from a commercially available game. This claim is not without some theoretical significance in view of the evidence suggesting that spatial ability is relatively immune from such environmental effects. The Dirks study involved a game that is nearly identical to the BD subtest. The present experiment investigated two spatial games of lessor but more typical similarity by using the WPPSI. No transfer effects were found.
Gender differences in spatial ability in old age: Longitudinal and intervention findings

Gender differences in spatial ability in old age were examined longitudinally and the effectiveness of cognitive training in reducing these differences was assessed. The mental rotation ability of older participants (N=229; M age=72.8 years) from the Seattle Longitudinal Study was examined over a 14-year period (1970–1984) from late middle age into old age. Both men and women exhibited normative age-related decline in spatial ability performance across the 14-year period; the magnitude of the gender difference remained constant across this period of decline. A significantly greater proportion of the age-related decline was associated with a drop in speed of problem solving for men than for women. Following training on mental rotation ability, there was no significant gender difference in spatial ability performance. Women exhibited significantly greater pretest-posttest gains, on average, than did men. A greater proportion of training improvement for women compared to men was attributable to increased accuracy. Training was particularly effective for older women who had experienced prior age-related decline.
PACS in clinical neuroradiology, nuclear medicine, and teleradiology

PACS research and development efforts at the University of Florida, Department of Radiology have been directed solely toward solving clinical problems with an objective of incorporating successful products or improving the functionality, performance, and reliability of the system. This paper describes the current network and system, experiences with system upgrades and changed, quality control measures used to verify that the system is operational, and current works in progress.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
I left my smartphone at home and can’t tell if I’m in atrial fibrillation

The enormous impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) on human suffering, health-care utilization, and physician resources is clear to the readers of HeartRhythm. Recent publications have developed 3 alarming trends: (1) the incidence of AF is increasing, perhaps fueled by the obesity epidemic; (2) our ability to treat AF is not improving, at least as assessed by ageadjusted mortality rates postdiagnosis; and (3) health-care costs for treatment of AF are growing exponentially. In reaction to these depressing facts, the tendency to want to learn more about our enemy is only natural. Improvements in bioengineering technology and computer science have allowed the development of ever more comprehensive monitoring strategies for AF detection. These improvements have demonstrated the axiom “the more you look, the more you will find” in many different clinical situations—cryptogenic stroke—in patients with sick sinus syndrome requiring pacemaker therapy and following AF ablation. In patients with cryptogenic stroke, the clinical value of more intensive monitoring, although apparently selfevident, has not been established; the relevance of detecting short duration episodes of AF in other clinical scenarios is even less clear. In addition, as will be discussed below, the diagnostic accuracy of many available monitoring techniques is far from ideal. Into this fray comes the present work from McManus et al. These investigators collected mobile phone camerabased recordings of the pulse waveform from the subjects’ index finger in 76 patients with persistent AF before and after cardioversion. The recordings were analyzed by using a peak detection algorithm and subjected to 2 statistical analyses— the root mean square of successive RR intervals (RRSSD/ mean) and Shannon entropy (ShE)—both of which express the unpredictable nature of the ventricular response during AF. Threshold values for these analyses were determined from the authors’ previous work. This study demonstrated that an algorithm combining RRSSD/mean and ShE showed “excellent sensitivity (0.962), specificity (0.975), and
Acid bake–leach process for the treatment of arsenopyrite, tennantite, and tetrahedrite

Abstract The preliminary results of the application of sulfuric acid baking followed by water leaching for the treatment of arsenopyrite (FeAsS), tennantite (Cu 12 As 4 S 13 ), and tetrahedrite (Cu 12 Sb 4 S 13 ) have been reported. Baking of pulverized minerals (P 100 = 106 μm) at 200 °C with a sulfuric acid/mineral powder ratio of 5/3 (g/g) in a muffle furnace for 7 h resulted in the transformation of the mentioned minerals to water soluble compounds. Arsenopyrite transformed into FeSO 4 and As 2 O 3 , both of which are highly soluble in water. Tennantite transformed into CuSO 4 and As 2 O 3 whereas tetrahedrite transformed into CuSO 4 and Sb 2 O 3 . While CuSO 4 and As 2 O 3 completely dissolved in water, Sb 2 O 3 did not dissolve, reporting to the leach residue. More than 63% of iron and arsenic from arsenopyrite, and more than 86% of copper from tennantite and tetrahedrite were extracted into water.
Effects of antibiotics on intracellular symbiotes in the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum

The effects of penicillin and chlortetracyline HCl on the fine structure of the intracellular symbiotes of the pea aphid were studied in an attempt to remove the symbiote population. High penicillin concentrations, 1% and 0.1%, caused symbiote breakdown but were toxic and/or repellent to the aphids; at 0.1% specific effects were observed on the symbiotes' cell walls. After the use of 0.01% penicillin in the aphid diet, the symbiotes had abnormal cell walls and were abnormally dilated; however, symbiote division and transmission from one aphid generation to the next seemed unaffected and the aphids appeared normal. Aphids fed 0.1% chlortetracycline failed to reproduce. After 7 days, their symbiotes were found to break down at a high rate but aphid mitochondria were also adversely affected at this stage. Following 0.002% chlortetracycline, the aphids produced aposymbiotic progeny with apparently normal mitochondrial populations; these larvae failed to develop.
Evaluation of decisions regarding candidates for cochlear implants

Stepwise regression analysis was used to evaluate measures predictive of the selection of candidates for cochlear implants. Results of a comprehensive selection protocol were compiled for a group of 31 profoundly hearing-impaired adults undergoing intensive pre-selection evaluation. Data included: unaided audiologic; aided audiologic; vestibular; otologic; medical; radiologic; voice/speech; speechreading; psychoacoustic; and electrophysiologic parameters. The results of the Cochlear Implant Team's decisions concerning selections of patients for implants were compared with the predictive outcome of regression analysis. Ramifications for the construction of cochlear implant evaluation protocols are discussed.
Interaction between spreading salt canopies and their peripheral thrust systems

Abstract Gravity spreading of a buried salt canopy produces thrust faults around the canopy rim. These thrusts may form by shear along the base of the salt, by frontal rolling of the canopy, by expulsion of underlying sediments, or by submarine landsliding off the canopy's frontal escarpment. Each mechanism has a characteristic structural style, providing clues to processes of shortening in canopy-margin thrust systems. Canopy-margin thrust systems along the Sigsbee Escarpment in the deepwater Gulf of Mexico may have three parts. First, nearly all canopy-margin systems include a roof-edge thrust, which cuts upsection from the tip of the salt canopy and separates condensed strata in the canopy roof from thicker sections on the adjoining peripheral plain. Second, roughly one-third of roof-edge thrusts overlie an imbricate wedge, which telescopes sediments on the peripheral plain above a bedding-plane decollement. Third, in a few areas, salt-roof thrusts shorten the roof of the salt sheet. Because roof-edge thrusts and imbricate wedges both form by shear along the base of the salt allochthon, their abundance along the Sigsbee Escarpment implies that basal shear is the primary mode of advance there. Despite the dominance of basal shear, however, the Sigsbee Escarpment exhibits a wide range of structural styles. We speculate that this range reflects variations in relief on the canopy margin, thickness of the roof above the canopy toe, strength of the base-salt zone, and strength of sediments on the peripheral plain.
A TOPEX/POSEIDON global tidal model (TPXO.2) and barotropic tidal currents determined from long-range acoustic transmissions

Abstract Tidal currents derived from the TPXO.2 global tidal model of Egbert, Bennett, and Foreman are compared with those determined from long-range reciprocal acoustic transmissions. Amplitudes and phases of tidal constituents in the western North Atlantic are derived from acoustic data obtained in 1991 – 1992 using a pentagonal array of transceivers. Small, spatially coherent differences between the measured and modeled tidal harmonic constants mostly result from smoothing assumptions made in the model and errors caused in the model currents by complicated topography to the southwest of the acoustical array. Acoustically measured harmonic constants (amplitude, phase) of M2 tidal vorticity (3–8 × 10−9s−1, 210–310°) agree with those derived from the TPXO.2 model (2–5 × 10−9s−1, 250–300°), whereas harmonic constants of about (1–2 × 10−9s−1, 350−360°) are theoretically expected from the equations of motion. Harmonic constants in the North Pacific Ocean are determined using acoustic data from a triangular transceiver array deployed in 1987. These constants are consistent with those given by the TPXO.2 tidal model within the uncertainties. Tidal current harmonic constants determined from current meters do not generally provide a critical test of tidal models. The tidal currents have been estimated to high accuracy using long-range reciprocal acoustic transmissions; these estimates will be useful constraints on future global tidal models.
Agreement of Occupational Prestige as Ranked by Two Empirical Occupational Prestige Scales

(1959). Agreement of Occupational Prestige as Ranked by Two Empirical Occupational Prestige Scales. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 50, No. 2, pp. 335-340.
A Fast Direct Solution of Poisson's Equation Using Fourier Analysis

The demand for rapid procedures to solve Poisson''s equation has lead to the development of a direct method of solution involving Fourier analysis which can solve Poisson''s equation in a square region covered by a 48 x 48 mesh in 0.9 seconds on the IBM 7090. This compares favorably with the best iterative methods which would require about 10 seconds to solve the same problem. The method is applicable to rectangular regions with simple boundary conditions and the maximum observed error in the potential for several random charge distributions is $5 \times\ 10^{-7}$ of the maximum potential charge in the region.
Fresh-cut cantaloupe: effects of CaCl2 dips and heat treatments on firmness and metabolic activity

Abstract Calcium chloride (1–5%) dips were applied to melon cylinders taken from commercially ripe (3/4 to full slip) cantaloupe melons for 1–5 min. A wound response was observed after cutting, and CO2 production was higher in untreated samples than in calcium treated and intact fruit. Dip time did not significantly effect respiration rate. Application of calcium dips at any temperature resulted in unchanged ethylene production throughout storage, and inhibited respiration. Calcium chloride dips improved firmness of fresh-cut cantaloupe during storage at 5°C, with 1 min dips showing the same effect as 5 min dips. When dipped for 1 min in 2.5% calcium chloride solutions at 20, 40 or 60°C, firmness was maintained or improved, especially at higher dip temperatures while total calcium concentration in the melon tissue was increased on average by 300%.
Application of Strain and Calibration of FRET Emission for in vitro Live Cell Response to Cytoskeletal Deformation

Mandibular hypoplasia is a debilitating pediatric condition caused by under-development of bone in young children. Current treatment options are expensive and morbid. The focus of our research is to elucidate the biophysical mechanisms of how mechanical strain can regulate bone growth via osteoblasts, and apply this knowledge to new therapies. As a first step, we have developed a novel non-invasive approach to quantify cellular strain in vivo by utilizing transfected tensile sensors in the form of Forster Resonance Electron Transfer (FRET) cassettes, and applied this tool to determine live cell responses to externally applied stretch. Stretching was controlled through a custom made device consisting of a micromanipulator and electric motor, mounted on the Nikon A1R multi-photon microscope stage. Adult mouse fibroblasts were transfected with FRET cassettes containing Venus (yellow) and Cerulean (blue) fluorescent proteins and an α-helix amino acid linker, followed by cell seeding onto a silicone membrane and stretching at 0.4% per minute. Cell images were recorded and analyzed to quantify stretch-induced change in FRET ratio (blue/yellow) and cell responses, including changes in cell morphology, dimensions and area. The results demonstrate a significant correlation between change in FRET emission ratio and cell stretch (R2=0.6). The trends shows that as strain increases from 0% to 3% in a cell, the ratio of acceptor(yellow)/donor(blue) emission linearly decreases by ∼50%, indicating a consistent loss in FRET efficiency and presenting a reliable non-invasive method for quantification of intracellular strain in live cells. Atomic force microscopy was utilized to confirm that the addition of a FRET cassette did not change the mechanical properties of the cell cytoskeleton. Overall, these results validate the potential of a FRET-based sensor for in vivo biomechanical cell studies.
THE ELONGATION OF MYOFIBRILS FROM THE INDIRECT FLIGHT MUSCLE OF DROSOPHILA

Myofibrils which lengthen by several per cent in the presence of ATP and magnesium ions were prepared by teasing indirect flight muscle of Drosophila in solutions containing ethylenediaminetetraacetate. A study was made of the hydrogen ion, magnesium ion, ATP, and potassium chloride concentrations with which this effect could be observed. The lack of elongation with pyrophosphate and several nucleoside triphosphates suggests that the lengthening is ATP specific. A relaxing factor system comparable to that described for rabbit muscle was not demonstrable, as elongated fibrils did not shorten with calcium ions, carnosine, or digitonin.
Fractal models for the fragmentation of rocks and soils: a review

Abstract Fragmentation, the process of breaking apart into fragments, is caused by the propagation of multiple fractures at different length scales. Such fractures can be induced by dynamic crack growth during compressive/tensile loading or by stress waves during impact loading. Fragmentation of rocks occurs in resoonse to tectonic activity, percussive drilling, grinding and blasting. Soil fragmentation is the result of tillage and planting operations. Fractal theory, which deals with the scaling of hierarchical and irregur systems, offers new opportunities for modeling the fragmentation process. This paper reviews the literature on fractal models for the fragmentation of heterogeneous brittle earth materials. Fractal models are available for the fragmentation of: (1) classical aggregate; (2) aggregates with fractal pore space; and (3) aggregates with fractal surfaces. In each case, the aggregates are composed of building blocks of finite size. Structural failure is hierarchical in nature and takes place by multiple fracturing of the aggregated building blocks. The resulting number-size distribution of fragments depends on the probability of failure, P( 1 b i ) at each level in the hierarchy. Models for both scale-invariant and scale-dependent P( sol1 b i ) are reviewed. In the case of scale-invariant P( 1 b i ) , theory predict: D f = 3 + log [P( 1 b i )]/log[b] for classical aggregates; D f =D m + log [P( 1 b i )]/log[b] for aggregates with fractal pore space; and Df=Ds for aggregates with fractal surfaces. where b is a scaling factor and Df, Dm and Ds are the fragmentation, mass and surface fractal dimensions, respectively. The physical significance of these parameters is discussed, methods of estimating them are reviewed, and topics needing further research are identified.
Star-Shaped Azo-Based Dipolar Chromophores: Design, Synthesis, Matrix Compatibility, and Electro-optic Activity

Three new azo-benzene-based push-pull chromophores with dendritic architecture were synthesized as active materials for electro-optic applications. These chromophores were synthesized in six or seven synthetic steps with an overall yield of around 80% per step and high purity. UV-vis spectroscopy showed significant influence of the transient dipole moment on the observed r(33) values. The chromophores were stable to photochemical oxidation in ambient light and air. The electrical poling conditions were optimized for each chromophore as the T(g) of the composite material varied significantly. The highest EO coefficient achieved was 22-25 pm/V at 1550 nm wavelength. STEM analysis of the blends enabled the correlation of the activity of these large chromophores with the blend morphology. An amorphous polycarbonate host effectively disperses the chromophores in 2-20 nm aggregates in the active materials. However, macrophase separation into 200-500 nm aggregates was observed in a methacrylate host matrix.
Trigonometrically fitted block Numerov type method for y'= f(x, y, y')

A trigonometrically fitted block Numerov type method (TBNM), is proposed for solving y???=?f(x, y, y?) directly without reducing it to an equivalent first order system. This is achieved by constructing a continuous representation of the trigonometrically fitted Numerov method (CTNM) and using it to generate the well known trigonometrically fitted Numerov method (TNUM) and three new additional methods, which are combined and applied in block form as simultaneous numerical integrators. The stability property of the TBNM is discussed and the performance of the method is demonstrated on some numerical examples to show accuracy and efficiency advantages.
Adolescent version of the questionnaire of eating and weight patterns: Reliability and gender differences

Objective The present study determined the test-retest reliability of the adolescent version of the Questionnaire of Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP-A) and examined gender differences in QEWP-A responses. Method The QEWP-A was administered to 106 male and female adolescents between the ages of 12 and 18 in a classroom setting and readministered 3 weeks later under the same conditions. Adolescent responses were classified into no diagnosis (ND), nonclinical binge (NCB), and binge eating disorder (BED) diagnostic categories. Results BED diagnoses were rare, but nonclinical levels were observed. Significant levels of stability for males and females were observed over a 3-week time period (phi = .42). Male and female differences were examined. Female responses changed significantly at the second testing. Discussion The implications for these results regarding the utility for the QEWP-A are reviewed. © 2000 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 29: 94–96, 2001.
Embedding Multiple Literacies into STEM Curricula

In fall 2012, an interdisciplinary team of science, English, and library faculty embedded reading, writing, and information literacy strategies in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) curricula as a first step in improving student learning and retention in science courses and aligning them with the Next Generation Science and Common Core State Standards. The authors present their reading, writing, and information literacy contributions, explaining the importance of introducing these concepts and strategies into science courses.
Case Report: Cryptococcal Pleural Effusion Preceding Cryptococcal Meningitis in AIDS

The authors report a case in which a small cryptococcal pleural effusion preceded the development of severe cryptococcal meningitis in an HIV-positive patient. The appearance of an isolated transient pleural effusion is a very unusual presentation for AIDS-related complications. The authors suggest that cryptococcal infection be considered in this setting.
DATA ANALYSIS OF SENSORY SCORES, EVALUATIONS OF PANELISTS AND WINE SCORE CARDS

Forty wines of Vitis Vinifera variety Pinot Noir from France and the United States were evaluated by a panel of 16 judges. A modified wine score card, which incorporated the Davis score card and quantitative descriptive analysis, was used. Principal component factor analysis was applied to the scores on a reference wine to determine the consistency of individual judges and uniformity among them. Data were also analyzed by least-square multi-linear regression analysis to evaluate the modified score card. Comparisons of the modified score card and Davis score card are given.
Speech and education in a democracy

(1951). Speech and education in a democracy. The Southern Speech Journal: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 14-22.
A Prospective Method for Predicting Coronal Mass Ejections from Vector Magnetograms

Two quantitative measures of the global nonpotentiality of predominantly bipolar active regions are explored for their usefulness as indicators of whether an active region is likely to produce coronal mass ejections (CMEs). The two measures, length of strong-field strong-shear main neutral line (Lss) and global net current (IN), are obtained directly from vector magnetograms of the regions. From measurements of Lss and IN in four active regions for which the global nonpotentiality and CME productivity are assessed independently of Lss and IN, it appears that Lss and IN are each a useful indicator of an active region's likely CME productivity. The results also suggest that Lss and IN may be more reliable predictors of the CME productivity of active regions than is the presence or absence of sigmoidal structure in coronal X-ray images of the regions and that there might be threshold values of Lss and IN above which CME production is likely and below which CME production is unlikely. While these results need to be certified by an expansion of this pilot study to more active regions, they show the promise of Lss and IN as quantitative measures of global nonpotentiality for CME prediction.
In the light of directed evolution: pathways of adaptive protein evolution.

Directed evolution is a widely-used engineering strategy for improving the stabilities or biochemical functions of proteins by repeated rounds of mutation and selection. These experiments offer empirical lessons about how proteins evolve in the face of clearly-defined laboratory selection pressures. Directed evolution has revealed that single amino acid mutations can enhance properties such as catalytic activity or stability and that adaptation can often occur through pathways consisting of sequential beneficial mutations. When there are no single mutations that improve a particular protein property experiments always find a wealth of mutations that are neutral with respect to the laboratory-defined measure of fitness. These neutral mutations can open new adaptive pathways by at least 2 different mechanisms. Functionally-neutral mutations can enhance a protein's stability, thereby increasing its tolerance for subsequent functionally beneficial but destabilizing mutations. They can also lead to changes in “promiscuous” functions that are not currently under selective pressure, but can subsequently become the starting points for the adaptive evolution of new functions. These lessons about the coupling between adaptive and neutral protein evolution in the laboratory offer insight into the evolution of proteins in nature.
Thalidomide in cutaneous lupus erythematosus.

For nearly 50 years, thalidomide has struggled between success and controversy. After causing an epidemic of phocomelia and other birth defects during the 1960s, affecting thousands of neonates, thalidomide was used as a sedative in selective disorders including leprosy. The potent anti-inflammatory properties of thalidomide were serendipitously discovered while treating patients with erythema nodosum leprosum, and the drug is now approved by the US FDA for the treatment of this disease. Subsequently, the immunosuppressant effects of thalidomide, including the complex modulation of many cytokines, have been recognized. One promising application of thalidomide has been the treatment of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Among the largest series reviewed, the drug has been found to ameliorate cutaneous lupus erythematosus in 90% of patients, on average. Remission is achieved in approximately 15–20% of patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus at doses between 50–400mg daily. Contraceptive concerns and the recognized neuropathic effects of thalidomide limit the use of the drug in patients with cutaneous lupus. Physicians who prescribe thalidomide in the US must be registered with the drug manufacturer. With appropriate control of drug access and close physician monitoring, thalidomide provides a needed therapeutic option for the treatment of refractory cases of cutaneous lupus erythematosus.
Vaccination with DNA encoding conserved influenza viral proteins

Background: DNA vaccines encoding conserved antigens of influenza A virus can induce broad cross-protection against multiple influenza A subtypes. Better understanding of the mechanisms of this protection can help guide vaccine development. Methods: Mice were vaccinated with plasmids expressing nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix (M) given i.m., followed by lethal i.n. challenge with influenza virus. CTL were analyzed by 51Cr-release using fresh lung lymphocytes. Results: A/NP+A/M vaccination promoted viral clearance and led to recovery, at challenge virus doses that were lethal to controls. CD8+ CTL were induced and were highly specific for influenza A antigens, but were not required for protection. Depletion of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells during the challenge period abrogated protection. A plasmid expressing influenza B/NP was used to demonstrate specificity of antibodies produced and of protection against influenza B vs. A challenge. Discussion: DNA vaccination gave protection corresponding to the influenza A vs. B inserted genes, confirming immunological specificity. For A/NP+A/M DNA, T cells are required, but either CD4+ or CD8+ T cells protected in the absence of the other subset. These findings about DNA vaccines encoding antigens conserved among viral subtypes can be applied to human vaccine development for protection against new pandemic viruses.
Nuclear quadrupole resonance Zeeman study of 137Ba in barium chloride dihydrate

Abstract The nuclear quadrupole coupling constant e2Qqzz and the electric field gradient (EFG) tensor asymmetry parameter η for Ba in BaCl2 · 2H2O have been determined by means of a Zeeman study of the 137Ba resonance at 16.303 MHz. The observation and measurement of two zero splitting loci for the two physically inequivalent Ba sites in the crystal gave average values of ( e 2 Qq zz h ) = 29.78 ± 0.9 MHz and η = 0.77 ± 0.14. Using a point charge-point dipole model for the structure and limiting the system to 3 shells of unit cells (343 cells) the parameters were calculated to be 60 MHz e 2 Qq zz h ) MHz and η = 0.41, with the range of values for the coupling constant being due to the necessity of estimating a Sternheimer factor for Ba2+.
Isolation of porphyrins from porphyria urine by preparative thin-layer chromatography☆

Abstract A preparative method of thin-layer chromatography for the isolation of porphyrins from bovine or human porphyric urine, is presented. The isolated uroporphyrin, 7-, 6-, and 5-carboxylic porphyrins and coproporphyrin from bovine urine were crystallized and identified as their methyl esters. Adaptation of this method for analytical work is described and examples are given of data from human and bovine porphyria samples.