cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rare complications of vascular access devices.

Objective: To provide an overview of rare complications of vascular access devices in terms of etiology, assessment, management, and follow-up. Conclusions: Rare complications of vascular access devices are serious and in some cases life-threatening. These complications include pinch-off and catheter fracture, catheter malposition and migration, cardiac perforation, extravasation, breakage, and defective devices. Knowledge and awareness of these complications can contribute to accurate identification and immediate management. Documentation and reporting of complications to the Food and Drug Administration helps to ensure the safety and efficacy of vascular access devices. Implications for nursing practice: Developing the expertise needed to manage these types of complications is a continual challenge to the oncology nurse. Although managing rare complications is usually performed by a physician, recognizing the clinical manifestations will alert the nurse to seek medical advice immediately, thus decreasing the risk of mortality. All health care professionals are responsible for continually monitoring vascular access devices, consistently documenting findings, and communicating recommendations for care.
Agricultural sustainability of small-scale farms in Lacluta, Timor Leste

The sustainability of Timor Leste's agriculture is being reassessed. However, efforts are often stymied by insufficient information on Timorese agriculture, particularly data generated with local input. This study described the agricultural sustainability of small-scale household farms in Lacluta sub-district of Timor Leste. Subsistence farmers (n = 50) were interviewed to identify/assess current practices and establish farmers' perspectives on sustainability. Agricultural sustainability was conceptualized as having four domains: Agronomic/Production, Economic, Environmental, and Social/Basic Human Needs, measured by individual indicators summated into indices on a scale of 0–1. Lacluta's overall agricultural sustainability was moderate (M = 0.42), while the Social/Basic Human Needs index (M = 0.64), the Agronomic/Production index (M = 0.42), the Economic index (M = 0.40), and the Environmental index (M = 0.20) varied widely. Farmers identified insect pests, rats/mice, and lack of soil fertility as the to...
Analysis of a PRSA generator

The pseudorandom sequence of arrays (PRSA) and a method to generate it was reported earlier by the authors. This paper presents another method to generate a PRSA. The mathematical recursion describing the PRSA and some of its properties are discussed.
Emotion barometer of reading: user interface design of a social cataloging website

Reading fiction is many people's favorite pastime. There is no denying that one of the needs of human beings is to share what they read and understand other readers' feelings about the books they have read. Recent developments in Web 2.0 technologies characterizing personalized information organization have led to an interest in social tagging behavior of a variety of items, such as books, images, web pages, videos, etc. However, a major issue with this kind of application is that tags are growing in an uncontrolled manner. In fact, it is chaos. Several studies have recognized the existence of affective tags, but there is no user interface designed to separate affective tags from other tags. To address that affective tags are navigation aids for readers, this work gives an account of design of a novel interface for visualization of affective tags at a social cataloging website, LibraryThing.com.
Hole injection from indium tin oxide into triphenyl diamine

We have measured the electrical characteristics at the contact between Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) and N-N'-diphenyl-N- N'-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1-1-biphenyl-4,4'-diamine (TPD). By carrying out independent measurements of the hole mobility in the organic layer we are able to isolate the injection and the transport processes and study the electrical characteristics of the contact alone. We find that the contact is in fact not Ohmic, but current-limiting, despite the fact that the current has a similar electric field dependence as the space charge limited current. The contact remains current-limiting even when the hole mobility is lowered by three orders of magnitude by diluting TPD into polycarbonate. The data support a model of injection in disordered materials.
FC01-01 - Combat stress injury markers predicting ptsd: Preliminary findings from in-depth interviews of combat medics between deployments

US Army Combat Medics and Navy Combat Corpsmen serve as a critical element of any fighting unit. Their professional responsibilities are for providing the emergency and preventive medical needs of their soldiers with whom they live and serve. These medical professionals are also expected to do any job that maintains the mission of their fighting unit. Because of their importance to sustaining the US fighting forces, Combat Medics may be an ideal group to study because of the high levels of adversity and stress endured while serving both roles. The Medic Mettle Study was established to develop a model of combat stress resilience and a prevention of PTSD. The first step was to identify the psychosocial and bio-behavioral characteristics of combat stress injury. A mixed methods model was utilized and over 700 recently deployed Combat Medics were enrolled. The presentation discusses both the early quantitative results and elaborates on the qualitative interviews conducted with the most resilient combat medics, as nominated by their peers. Preliminary findings of the 16 intensive, videotaped interviews with Combat Medics between war deployments using a Variable Generating Activity (VGA) protocol (1) found 138 variables that appear to provide some missing pieces in our understanding of combat stress injury and its psychosocial markers; (2) Identified five variable domains within a nomothetic network of medic resilience; (3) utility of annual surveys to validate the qualitative findings.
The change from visible to invisible

It is argued that the problem of the phenomenal persistence of objects in experience, often called “object permanence,” is actually a problem of the discriminating of persisting from nonpersisting things. A distinction is made between objects that go out of sight and objects that go out of existence, and it is shown that optical information exists to distinguish these two cases. Evidence is provided from a series of motion picture displays to suggest that Os do in fact distinguish them. The various optical transitions are shown to be reversing in the first case, but nonreversing in the second. In particular, the transition that specifies the occlusion of one surface by another is analyzed, together with the inverse of this transition. This study is a sequel to an earlier one of optical transformations.
Corona Discharge in Charge Reduction Electrospray Mass Spectrometry

Corona discharge is applied to charge reduction electrospray mass spectrometry for the analysis of complex mixtures of biological molecules. Recent work has described a method of charge reduction (reducing the charge states of analyte ions generated by the electrospray process) employing the radioactive isotope 210Po to produce neutralizing species. A variation to this approach is presented, in which charge neutralization is mediated by ions produced in a corona discharge. Varying the corona discharge voltage controls the current and the degree of charge reduction, providing predominantly singly charged ions that are detected by a commercial electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This technique provides charge reduction for the simplification of ESI spectra, without need for any radioactive material.
Change in endothelial cell morphology at arterial branch sites caused by a reduction of intramural stress.

Abstract Arterial branch sites have very high intramural stresses at physiologic intraluminal pressures; the same sites have a predilection for atherosclerosis. The effect of intramural stress on endothelial cell morphology was investigated. Five rabbits had permanent casts placed around a segment of the abdominal aorta-left renal artery branch area during controlled hypotension, thus reducing intramural stress without narrowing the lumen. These five animals, and three normal rabbits, were sacrificed after 4–8 weeks, and the vessels were perfused with buffered 2.5% glutaraldehyde for 2 h at 100 mm Hg pressure. The aortas were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In normal aortas, the distal region of the ostia of the left renal and celiac arteries just beyond the flow divider displayed many morphologically altered endothelial cells ranging from spindle shape to cobble-stone shape. The same aortic area of casted rabbits, as well as the straight abdominal aorta in all rabbits, showed a smooth surface of endothelial cells with intact cell borders and no morphologically altered cells. At branch sites, the occurrence of morphologically altered endothelial cells may be due to increased intramural stress. When intramural stress is reduced, the morphology of branch endothelial cells changes to resemble that of the unbranched regions. In conclusion, endothelial cell morphology changes in response to changes in intramural stress.
Effect of pH on collagen flexibility determined from dilute solution viscoelastic measurements

Abstract The frequency dependences of the storage and loss shear moduli, G′ and G″ of dilute solutions of collagen at pH 7.4, ionic strength approximately 0.2, were measured at 15.0°C by the Birnboim—Schrag multiple-lumped resonator apparatus. By use of two solvents, water and 50% glycerol, the effective reduced frequency range was extended to cover 2.5 logarithmic decades. The intrinsic viscosity and longest (rotational) relaxation time were considerably smaller than those determined at pH 4.0 in an earlier study. At pH 4.0, the behaviour could be modelled by a rodlike molecule with partial flexibility along its entire length and a persistence length of 161 nm with no loose joints. The behaviour at pH 7.4 corresponds approximately to the expectation for a semiflexible rod with two loose joints near the ends and a similar persistence length (169nm) for the centre segment.
Is secreted IL-1 necessary for normal human T-cell activation?

Abstract The role of secreted and membrane-bound IL-1 in the activation of human T cells by monocyte-associated, processed antigen was examined. The IL-1 is secreted from antigen-pulsed plastic-adherent monocytes for only 24 h after isolation. After extensive washing, however, these monocytes are fully capable of stimulating T cells to proliferate. The T cells require less than 24 h of exposure to the monocytes to become activated and can then be cultured alone in fresh media. Addition of exogenous IL-1 does not enhance T-cell responsiveness in this model. Anti-IL-1 β antibody does not inhibit the response, although we observed that pulsed monocytes have significant membrane-bound IL-1 assayed as biologic activity in the murine thymocyte costimulator assay. These studies suggest that secreted IL-1 is not required for the activation of human T cells and that membrane-bound IL-1 serves this function. The data further suggest that these two forms of IL-1 may be functionally distinct and that IL-1 β is not the major component of membrane-bound IL-1. The possible relationship of these findings to the clinical efficacy of IL-1 inhibitors, such as corticosteroids, is discussed.
The Zariski-Lipman conjecture in the graded case

Let K be a field of characteristic 0, let R be a finitely generated reduced K-algebra, and let P be a prime ideal of R. The Zariski-Lipman conjecture asserts that if Der,(R, , Rp) (which may be identified with @er,(R, R))p) is R,-free, then R,, is regular. It is known that if Der,(R, , Rp) is R,-free, then Rp is a normal domain [SJ and in the case where either R is a hypersurface [7,8] or else R is a homogeneous complete intersection and P is the irrelevant ideal [6] (also, [4]) the conjecture has been verified. Our main objective here is to prove the conjecture in the case R = OF-, R, is graded by the nonnegative integers N, R, = K, and P = m, where m = @YE, Ri is the irrelevant maximal ideal. (We do not require that R be generated by its one-forms.) The paper concludes with a section containing several remarks about the inhomogeneous case, including a criterion for the freeness of the module of derivations of a two-dimensional local complete intersection which we feel ,may lead to a counterexample.
Characterization of biofilm development on artificial substratum in natural water

Abstract In aquatic systems with large specific areas (bottom surface area/volume of water), such as shallow streams or rivers, the growth of biofilms often determines the rate at which environmental contaminants are removed and degraded. Thus, understanding biofilm growth is critical in predicting the ultimate fate of chemicals in the aquatic environment. Through sequential acid hydrolysis and HPLC analysis of biofilms, bacteria and algae, our study provided the first direct biochemical evidence that the origin and mass of a biofilm was mainly derived from bacterial activity, thus justifying the approach of using the major carbohydrate component of microorganisms to approximate the mass of a biofilm. Our data also demonstrated the potential applicability of the carbohydrate method for biofilm mass estimation in various aquatic environments, as biofilm mass can be readily determined in the presence of seawater and hard water.
A decade of experience with chemotherapy for prostate cancer

Chemotherapy for prostate cancer has been demonstrated by the Clinical Trials Program of the NPCP and by other cooperative and individual studies both as single antitumor agents and combinations of agents to provide additional benefit to patients with advanced disease that no longer respond to hormonal therapy, markedly more so than could be provided by a host of palliative and real or synthetic hormonal agents commonly used in this type of patient. There is also some evidence to support the premise that adding antitumor agents to hormones as initial treatment for metastatic disease is more effective than waiting for the ultimate hormone failure, at least in patients with poorer prognosis.
Projection-based approach to the blind deconvolution problem

In this paper, we present a set theoretic based approach for solving the classical blind deconvolution problem. In this new approach, every piece of available information about both the source function and the system impulse response function is expressed via a constraint set. The link between generalized projection based algorithms and algorithms studied previously by other researchers is established. Motivated by this relation, a new algorithm is proposed which enjoys good convergent properties. Finally, numerical examples are presented to test the proposed algorithm.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Simultaneous strand displacement amplification and fluorescence polarization detection of Chlamydia trachomatis DNA.

Abstract Strand displacement amplification (SDA) is an isothermal DNA amplification technology that uses a restriction enzyme and polymerase. We have developed a target-specific method which allows simultaneous SDA and detection in a homogeneous format. This is accomplished by including a detector oligodeoxynucleotide labeled with 5-(4,6-dichlorotriazin-2-yl)amino fluorescein in the SDA reaction. Fluorescence polarization is used to monitor hybridization of the detector probe to the amplification product as it rises in concentration during SDA. We have demonstrated real-time SDA detection for the cryptic plasmid ofChlamydia trachomatiswith high sensitivity in only 30 min.
Function of His185 in Aquifex aeolicus 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase

Aquifex aeolicus 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate synthase (KDO8PS) catalyzes the condensation of arabinose 5-phosphate (A5P) and phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) by favoring the activation of a water molecule coordinated to the active-site metal ion. Cys11, His185, Glu222 and Asp233 are the other metal ligands. Wild-type KDO8PS is purified with Zn(2+) or Fe(2+) in the active site, but maximal activity in vitro is achieved when the endogenous metal is replaced with Cd(2+). The H185G enzyme retains 8% of the wild-type activity. ICP mass spectrometry analysis indicates that loss of His185 decreases the enzyme affinity for Fe(2+), but not for Zn(2+). However, maximal activity is again achieved by substitution of the endogenous metal with Cd(2+). We have determined the X-ray structures of the Cd(2+) H185G enzyme in its substrate-free form, and in complex with PEP, and PEP plus A5P. These structures show a normal amount of Cd(2+) bound, suggesting that coordination by His185 is not essential to retain Cd(2+) in the active site. Nonetheless, there are significant changes in the coordination sphere of Cd(2+) with respect to the wild-type enzyme, as the carboxylate moiety of PEP binds directly to the metal ion and replaces water and His185 as ligands. These observations indicate that the primary function of His185 in A.aeolicus KDO8PS is to orient PEP in the active site of the enzyme in such a way that a water molecule on the sinister (si) side of PEP can be activated by direct coordination to the metal ion.
A beta-control of buoyancy-driven geostrophic flows

Gill (1982) has recently reviewed the history of theoretical studies of small-amplitude stationary baroclinic planetary waves in the atmosphere induced by topography, surface friction and buoyancy forcing. Inasmuch as we are considering buoyancy forcing, Smagorinsky’s early (1953) study particularly comes to mind. In the subpolar gyres of the ocean, there is considerable buoyancy loss (Luyten et al., 1985) with accompanying deep convection and unlike the atmospheric counterpart the scale of the appropriate waves appears to be in the non-dispersive range. Moreover, the process may be driven toward finite amplitude control, thus restricting the possible structures of the zonal flow itself. It seems plausible that the horizontal spreading of the North Atlantic Drift and some features of front formation in it may be dynamically associated with the planetary flow pattern caused by the buoyancy loss. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0870.1986.tb00455.x
Dynamic size constancy

A nulling procedure was used to estimate the size of a stimulus which moved back and forth in depth from a distance of 5 to 30 ft from the observer. This was compared to a condition where the target was positioned statically from 5 to 30 ft away, with size estimates made by varying a comparison stimulus. Both conditions were run with monocular and binocular viewing. For static presentation, constancy was maintained throughout with binocular vision, but it finally broke down monocularly at a 30-ft viewing distance. For the dynamic presentation, there was a pronounced regression toward visual angle under both binocular and monocular observation. The basis for this unanticipated finding was fully discussed.
Second-generation derivatives of the eukaryotic translation initiation inhibitor pateamine A targeting eIF4A as potential anticancer agents.

Abstract A series of pateamine A (1) derivatives were synthesized for structure/activity relationship (SAR) studies and a selection of previous generation analogs were re-evaluated based on current information regarding the mechanism of action of these translation inhibitors. Structural modifications in the new generation of derivatives focused on alterations to the C19–C22 Z,E-diene and the trienyl side chain of the previously described simplified, des-methyl, des-amino pateamine A (DMDAPatA, 2). Derivatives were tested for anti-proliferative activity in cell culture and for inhibition of mammalian cap-dependent translation in vitro. Activity was highly dependent on the rigidity and conformation of the macrolide and the functionality of the side chain. The only well tolerated substitutions were replacement of the N,N-dimethyl amino group found on the side chain of 2 with other tertiary amine groups. SAR reported here suggests that this site may be modified in future studies to improve serum stability, cell-type specificity, and/or specificity towards rapidly proliferating cells.
Preparing for the 100-megapixel detector: reconstructing a multi-terabyte computed-tomography dataset

Although there has been progress in applying GPU-technology to Computed-Tomography reconstruction algorithms, much of the work has concentrated on optimizing reconstruction performance for smaller, medical-scale datasets. Industrial CT datasets can vary widely in size and number of projections. With the new advancements in high resolution cameras, it is entirely possible that the Industrial CT community may soon need to pursue a 100-megapixel detector for CT applications. To reconstruct such a massive dataset, simply adding extra GPUs would not be an option as memory and storage bottlenecks would result in prolonged periods of GPU downtime, thus negating performance gains. Additionally, current reconstruction algorithms would not be sufficient due to the various bottlenecks in the processor hardware. Past work has shown that CT reconstruction is an irregular problem for large-scale datasets on a GPU due to the massively parallel environment. This work proposes a high-performance, multi-GPU, modularized approach to reconstruction where computation, memory transfers, and disk I/O are optimized to occur in parallel while accommodating the irregular nature of the computation kernel. Our approach utilizes a dynamic MIMD-type of architecture in a hybrid environment of CUDA and OpenMP. The modularized approach showed an improvement in load-balancing and performance such that a 1 trillion voxel volume was reconstructed from 10,000 100 megapixel projections in less than a day.
Strong Lensing by Galaxy Clusters and $\Lambda$CDM

We discuss how strong lensing by galaxy clusters may be used to study the properties of dark matter halos and the expansion history of the universe. First, we show how the characteristics of $\Lambda$ CDM clusters determine their lensing properties, and show how these properties are manifested in some of the new giant arcs discovered behind SDSS clusters. Next, we compare the statistics of strong lensing by clusters expected in the $\Lambda$ CDM model to the observed statistics of giant arcs and wide-separation quasars. Finally, we discuss the cosmographic uses of clusters with multiple arcs, pointing out several sources of noise which can produce $\gtrsim100$ % errors in derived cosmological parameters. To search for other articles by the author(s) go to: http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html
Abrasive effects of Mount Saint Helens ash upon epidermis of yolk sac larvae of Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi

Abstract Larval Pacific herring Clupea harengus pallasi were exposed for 24 h to suspensions of estuarine sediment and volcanic ash from 0 to 8000 mg/litre. The effects of these suspensions on the epidermis of the yolk sac larvae were determined using light and scanning electron microscopy. Examination of the epidermis at specific locations on dorsal and ventral body surfaces showed that the effects were apparent with increasing concentrations of both sediment and ash. The effects of volcanic ash, however, occurred at lower concentrations and were of greater magnitude than those of sediment. Examination of the epidermis of these larvae under the scanning electron microscope revealed puncture-type damage associated with volcanic ash but not estuarine sediment. Thus, in addition to the possible effects of smothering which may occur with fine particulates, the ash particles result in direct mechanical damage to the delicate early larvae. The concentrations where effects were noted were greater than those likely to be observed in the lower Columbia River estuary where the larval herring occur. In upriver locations characterized by higher suspended particulates, delicate larvae of other species may suffer epidermal damage.
Self-employment for people with disabilities in the United States: a recommended process for vocational rehabilitation agencies

Self-employment is an important employment option for people with disabilities. It provides flexibility, the ability to work non-traditional hours and to address issues associated with an illness o...
Water based cutting fluids and human health

Abstract The question of whether machining operations and exposure to water-base cutting fluids constitutes a human health problem is complex. The literature on the subject is hard to find; it is difficult to create study groups of workers large enough to develop statistically significant information; there is often a lag phase of several years between exposure to cutting fluids and the appearance of a medical problem; public attitudes restrain research on the subject; the identity of the chemicals involved is not completely known and animal studies involving cutting fluids are not adequate at present. Until adequate information is available, efforts should be directed towards minimizing exposure and controlling the microbial loads found in these products.
Persistence of graded EphA/Ephrin-A expression in the adult frog visual system.

Many studies have demonstrated the involvement of the EphA family of receptor tyrosine kinases and their ligands, ephrin-A2 and -A5, in the development of the temporonasal axis of the retinotectal/collicular map, but the role of these molecules in optic nerve regeneration has not been well studied. Noting that the characteristic gradients of the EphA/ephrin-A family that are expressed topographically in the retina and tectum of embryonic chicks and mice tend to disappear after birth, we took as our starting point an analysis of EphA and ephrin-A expression in leopard frogs (Rana pipiens and utricularia), species capable of regenerating the retinotectal map as adults. For the EphA family to be involved in the regeneration, one would expect these topographic gradients to persist in the adult or, if downregulated after metamorphosis, to be reexpressed after optic nerve injury. Using EphA3 receptor and ephrin-A5 ligand alkaline phosphatase in situ affinity probes (RAP and LAP, respectively) in whole-mount applications, we report that reciprocally complementary gradients of RAP and LAP binding persist in the optic tract and optic tectum of postmetamorphic frogs, including mature adults. EphA expression in temporal retinal axons in the optic tract was significantly reduced after nerve section but returned during regeneration. However, ephrin-A expression in the tectal parenchyma was not significantly elevated by either eye removal, with degeneration of optic axons, or during regeneration of the retinotectal projection. Thus, the present study has demonstrated a persisting expression of EphA/ephrin-A family members in the retinal axons and tectal parenchyma that may help guide regenerating fibers, but we can offer no evidence for an upregulation of ephrin-A expression in conjunction with optic nerve injury. J. Comp. Neurol. 467:549–565, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Capillary zone electrophoresis in laboratory-made fluorinated ethylene propylene capillaries.

Abstract Capillaries made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) with an inner diameter of 50 μm have been employed in capillary zone electrophoresis with UV–Vis absorbance detection. The capillaries were made in the laboratory with a recently developed technique using fluoropolymer heat shrink/melt tubing and a tungsten wire as a template for the channel. An electroosmotic flow was obtained in the channels and it is shown that an FEP capillary is more effective for a cationic test solute than a fused-silica capillary. The compatibility of FEP capillaries with optical detection is evaluated briefly.
Thermo-luminescence Based Computed Radiography (TLCR)

Computed radiography (CR) is an X-ray imaging technique that was developed as early as the 1980s but its acceptance in the real-world NDE has been more recent (in the last decade). Although there are many players in the market, every system is based on more or less similar technology. The technology involves storing the X-ray information, during X-ray exposure, in materials known as storage phosphors. The information is stored in a latent form and then later (at a desired time), this information is released to create an image using an external stimulation mechanism such as light. The work described in this paper assesses the feasibility of an alternate stimulation mechanism, namely heat, to release the trapped energy from the phosphors. This essentially enables one to move away from a point-by-point/ line-by-line scanning technique to an area read-out system. The paper further discusses a simple lens-camera read-out system to generate the X-ray image. The paper also evaluates the performance of such a system comparing it to existing CR systems and explores different mechanisms to improve its limitations.
THE PRODUCTS OF THE CALCINATION OF FLINT AND CHALCEDONY1

Outline of the Investigation.—This investigation includes the measurement of the following physical properties; specific gravity at 0°, 25° and 98°, the index of refraction, the coefficients of thermal expansion up to 300°, the inversion temperature and volume change on inversion, and the X-ray spectra, the materials studied being quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, silica glass and raw and calcined flint and chalcedony. New Methods—For specific gravity, a special vacuum pycnometer was employed and the immersed powder was later subjected to a pressure of 1000 atmospheres. Resultss.—The numerical data obtained are summarized in Table I and the X-ray spectra are shown in Fig. 10. The specific gravity of calcined chalcedony was raised 2% by fine grinding. Conclusions.—All of the known facts concerning chalcedony are in harmony with the theory that the raw material is colloidal quartz and the calcined material colloidal cristobalite.
Unionization and distribution of income under variable returns to scale

Abstract Variable returns to scale are introduced into the two-sector analysis of unionization and income distribution, and some new results are obtained. Specifically, with increasing returns to scale it is possible for both union and non-union workers to lose (gain) from unionization even when the unionized sector is relatively capital (labor) intensive.
Jerusalem and “the Jew:” Biopolitics Between Blake and Spinoza

Critics exploring the relationship between Romantic poetry and Judaism have noted several places within William Blake’s poetry that seem to display philo-Semetic tendencies. This essay argues that Blake’s relationship with Jewish thought is much more complicated. It utilizes Spinoza’s understanding of the affect to rethink the contexts of Blake’s remarks about Judaism and “the Jew.” For Spinoza, the problem of the affect is a problem of reading and understanding what one is reading. This is particularly difficult, since the affects only confusedly make up what is called “the body”—whether this is a corporeal, political, or epistemological body. He applies this affectual problem of reading to his study of Biblical texts in the Theological Political Treatise, noting that Jewish law, in particular the Decalogue, only applies to the time and place of its production. Despite this, there are attempts to make a coherent message out of the Decalogue that can be transmitted outside of its spatio-temporal context. Blake has similar comments to make about the textual production of the Bible. According to Blake, the Bible is not a coherent document, and is rather made to be coherent by political bodies wishing to make a single, docile Christian identity. This paper uses these comments by Blake and Spinoza in a close reading of what is seemingly the most obvious example of Blake’s philo-semetic ideas: his address “To the Jews” in Jerusalem. I argue that whatever comments Blake makes about Jewish identity cannot be read outside of the complicated biopolitical contexts emerging from the address. Readers must fashion a disciplinary body for Blake that has philo-semetic beliefs and believe that this body pre-exists the time and space of its textual production in order to make conclusions about Blake’s relationship to Judaism. This process is precisely what Blake critiques in the essay.
Liquid-liquid extraction equilibrium data of cobalt nitrate—nickel nitrate—nitric acid solutions

Studies of the solvent extraction of cobalt and nickel nitrates from aqueous solution would add to the fundamental knowledge of extraction of metal salts. In experiments performed to determine the extractibility of these metals as nitrates from aqueous solutions by organic solvents, normal butanol was found to be the best solvent and gave equilibrium distribution coefficients K for cobalt or nickel nitrate of about 0.3. The presence of nitric acid tended to decrease these at high metal concentrations. In mixtures of the two metals the K value of either metal was found to depend on the total metal concentration. Low separation factors of about 1.3 were obtained. Very high K values of over 5 were obtained for the equilibrium extraction of the nitric acid in the presence of the metal nitrates by the n-butanol an indication of commercial possibilities.
Deprotonated Imidodiphosphate in AMPPNP-containing Protein Structures

Many different proteins utilize the chemical energy provided by the cofactor adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for their proper function. A number of structures in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) contain adenosine 5′-(β,γ-imido)triphosphate (AMPPNP), a nonhydrolysable analog of ATP in which the bridging O atom between the two terminal phosphate groups is substituted by the imido function. Under mild conditions imides do not have acidic properties and thus the imide nitrogen should be protonated. However, an analysis of protein structures containing AMPPNP reveals that the imide group is deprotonated in certain complexes if the negative charges of the phosphate moieties in AMPPNP are in part neutralized by coordinating divalent metals or a guanidinium group of an arginine.
An independently operating interface for real-time instruments control and data acquisition

Abstract A simply constructed interface for real-time instrument control and data acquisition has been developed that operates independently, allowing time-shared use of a laboratory minicomputer. Although primarily intended for automatic control of a Du Pont 650B electron spectrometer, the interface design is sufficiently general that it can be used in a number of applications.
Stressors and coping in adolescents exposed to Hurricane Hugo.

Theoretical and empirical work on adolescent stress and coping indicates that adolescence is an inherently stressful developmental stage and that adolescents who use active, problem-solving, cognitive coping strategies appear healthier than those who do not. Moreover, coping style, more man the nature of stressors, determines adolescent health. Offer et al. (1981) described healthy adolescents as good copers who are reasonably self-satisfied and comfortable in relationships with parents, peers, and others.Although Lazarus provided the theoretical model for much stress and coping research, few researchers have examined adolescents' self-reported stressors or coping strategies. Coping in all of its forms (i.e., problem-solving coping, emotion-focused coping, and defense mechanisms) is one type of mediator of catastrophic or disaster stressors (Solomon, 1989; Weinrich, Hardin, & Johnson, 1990). No one has yet described healthy coping among adolescents who have faced a catastrophe such as a natural disaster.
Alternative method to determine the hematocrit of red blood cell units: a potential use in the apheresis unit

BACKGROUND: In automated erythrocytapheresis procedures, achieving the desired-end hematocrit (Hct) requires that the COBE Spectra (CaridianBCT) machine be programmed with the mean Hct of the replacement red blood cell (RBC) units. To determine unit Hct, data derived from quality control (QC) Hct data were utilized. However, if a unit volume is outside the quality control (QC) volume parameters, the unit is accessed to measure its Hct. In this study, 21 percent of all RBC units need to be accessed to determine the Hct, which affects 47.5 percent of patient's erythrocytapheresis procedures. Spiking the unit compromises its integrity and hastens the expiration time of the unit. Nurses must wait until the patient arrives to check units outside QC parameters, thereby delaying the start time of procedures. Even if sampled units are kept refrigerated, they cannot be returned to the blood bank inventory once spiked. The goal of this study was to determine if accurate Hct levels from RBC units could be obtained from a unique segment. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To determine the centrifuged Hct, samples were prepared from the RBC units and compared to that of the unique segment. RESULTS: The Hct of the unique segment exceeded that of the RBC unit by a small (1.2% in AS-1 units, 0.92% in AS-3 units), but statistically significant amount. CONCLUSION: The Hct from unique RBC segments closely approximates that of the original RBC unit. Unique segments can be made that will maintain the integrity and shelf life of RBC units.
Developing Language Skills in Science Classrooms

ABSTRACT This article explores the development of writing skills in the context of science using the mode continuum, a linguistic framework for planning the connection between science instruction and writing. Using specific research-based methodology, this article demonstrates the steps to advance students from speaking to writing in the science classroom.
Molecular Addition Compounds. 11. N-Ethyl-N-isopropylaniline−Borane, A Superior Reagent for Hydroborations and Reductions

Hydroboration studies with a new, highly reactive amine−borane adduct, H3B−NPhEtPri, and representative olefins, such as 1-hexene, styrene, β-pinene, cyclopentene, norbornene, cyclohexene, 2-methyl...
Z-scan measurement on liquid crystals using top-hat beams

The conventional Z-scan technique using Gaussian beams for measuring intensity dependent optical nonlinearities is extended to allow the use of beams with top-hat profile. Potential applications of the top-hat beam Z-scan technique include the measurement of (chi) (3) over a wide spectrum which typically requires the use of a dye laser. We present a graphical method which allows straightforward determination of both the real and imaginary components of (chi) (3) from Z-scan data. Using the top-hat Z-scan scheme, we have measured (chi) (3) as function of wavelength for typical liquid crystal materials, over the visible spectrum. The spectral behavior of (chi) (3) gives insight into the underlying physical process on various time scales. We also present results of pump-probe measurements of the nonlinear absorption coefficient of the nematic liquid crystal 5CB. Our results indicate that the nonlinear absorption process in the nanosecond time regime is dominated by the two-photon excited-state absorption process. The time constant of this process is estimated from experimental data. A simple model is presented which agrees with our observations.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effects of surface defects on surface stress of Cu(001) and Cu(111)

The effects of surface steps, adatoms, and two-dimensional islands on surface stress of Cu(001) and (111) surfaces are investigated using atomistic simulations. The approach employed to measure surface stresses is thermodynamically rigorous. The simulation results demonstrate that surface steps reduce the surface stress (provided that the step density is not too large), whereas surface adatoms either reduce or increase surface stress depending on the surface orientation. As the surface adatom density increases beyond a coverage of approximately 25%, the surface stress increases but returns to that of the singular surface as the coverage approaches a full monolayer. While it is not possible to create a very large adatom density on the surface (they rapidly combine to form islands), the highest adatom densities will likely occur during low temperature, high-rate growth. Addition of islands onto an otherwise flat surface has little effect on the surface stress. We provide a conceptual basis for understanding the effect of defects on surface stress in terms of local density ideas. The simulation results are compared with several experimental measurements on the evolution of film stresses during film growth.
Reconstructing Carbon Sources in a Dynamic Estuarine Ecosystem using Oyster Amino Acid δ13C Values from Shell and Tissue

ABSTRACT This study compared the carbon isotopic composition of individual amino acids from muscle tissue and shell organic matter inclusions in Crassostrea virginica collected along a salinity gradient in the Rookery Bay estuary, Florida. The intent was to assess the extent to which environmental signals relating to spatial and temporal variation in carbon sources were recorded in the amino acids of these materials. There was a trend toward enrichment in δ13C in all amino acids moving seaward along the transect in both organic matter pools, consistent with diminishing influence of terrestrial (C3) production and increased contributions of marine production. The magnitude of this trend was identical for both tissue and shell organic matter, although the values for several constituents of the shell organic matter (aspartic and glutamic acids and glycine) were consistently depleted by approximately 3‰ relative to their equivalents in tissue samples. Other amino acids were directly comparable despite a 2‰ of...
Koch's postulates confirm cholinergic modulation of REM sleep

Robert Koch (1843–1910) discovered the causal agents for tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax. The 1905 Nobel Prize acknowledged Koch's criteria for identifying the causal agent of an infectious disease. These criteria remain useful and the data reviewed below show that the cholinergic contributions to REM sleep control are confirmed by Koch's postulates. [Hobson et al.]
Bioethics in biotechnology: from pain to gain

As the biotechnology industry grows, it will continually rely on the development of new technologies and the innovative use of mature scientific discoveries. These technologies will undoubtedly raise ethical issues challenging both their mode of development and intended use. Biotechnology companies are affected by the public debates and regulatory decisions that will ensure, but the ability of individual companies to address these challenges is, on the whole, insubstantial. Many companies are aware and appreciate the gravity of bioethics issues, but they lack the infrastructure and guidance to approach them. In this essay, a brief analysis is offered to help assess the impact of these issues on biotechnology firms, which is followed by suggested strategies for acting responsibly in the face of these important moral challenges. Drug. Dev Res 63:93–102, 2004. © 2005 Wily-Liss, Inc.
Divergence-Measure Fields, Sets of Finite Perimeter, and Conservation Laws

Divergence-measure fields in L∞ over sets of finite perimeter are analyzed. A notion of normal traces over boundaries of sets of finite perimeter is introduced, and the Gauss-Green formula over sets of finite perimeter is established for divergence-measure fields in L∞. The normal trace introduced here over a class of surfaces of finite perimeter is shown to be the weak-star limit of the normal traces introduced in Chen & Frid [6] over the Lipschitz deformation surfaces, which implies their consistency. As a corollary, an extension theorem of divergence-measure fields in L∞ over sets of finite perimeter is also established. Then we apply the theory to the initial-boundary value problem of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws over sets of finite perimeter.
Use of functional assays to detect and quantify functional selectivity

Drug selectivity is arguably a critical concern for drug development. Recently, experimental evidence suggests that drugs have more selectivity than that afforded by differential affinity for different receptor subtypes. Drugs, acting at a single receptor, can selectively and differentially activate each of the multiple signaling pathways coupled to a receptor. This type of selectivity has been termed functional selectivity. Understanding functional selectivity and how to measure it will be important for new drug development.
Biparental Inheritance of γ-Tubulin during Human Fertilization: Molecular Reconstitution of Functional Zygotic Centrosomes in Inseminated Human Oocytes and in Cell-free Extracts Nucleated by Human Sperm

Human sperm centrosome reconstitution and the parental contributions to the zygotic centrosome are examined in mammalian zygotes and after exposure of spermatozoa to Xenopus laevis cell-free extracts. The presence and inheritance of the conserved centrosomal constituents γ-tubulin, centrin, and MPM-2 (which detects phosphorylated epitopes) are traced, as is the sperm microtubule-nucleating capability on reconstituted centrosomes. γ-Tubulin is biparentally inherited in humans (maternal >> than paternal): Western blots detect the presence of paternal γ-tubulin. Recruitment of maternal γ-tubulin to the sperm centrosome occurs after sperm incorporation in vivo or exposure to cell-free extract, especially after sperm “priming” induced by disulfide bond reduction. Centrin is found in the proximal sperm centrosomal region, demonstrates expected calcium sensitivity, but appears absent from the zygotic centrosome after sperm incorporation or exposure to extracts. Sperm centrosome phosphorylation is detected after exposure of primed sperm to egg extracts as well as during the early stages of sperm incorporation after fertilization. Finally, centrosome reconstitution in cell-free extracts permits sperm aster microtubule assembly in vitro. Collectively, these results support a model of a blended zygotic centrosome composed of maternal constituents attracted to an introduced paternal template after insemination.
The S/S Analysis

Fortunately, the Relational/S Analysis is not the only altemative to the NP/S Analysis. Another option is the analysis I will call the S/S Analysis. Unfortunately, the S/S Analysis runs into some of the same problems as the Relational/S Analysis, plus some of its own.
Polymer‐nanofiber composites: Enhancing composite properties by nanofiber oxidation

Nanocomposites of styrene and vinyl phenol copolymers, which contain varying (10, 20, and 40 mol %) vinyl phenol content, were prepared with 1 wt % unoxidized, 1 wt % oxidized, and 5 wt % oxidized carbon nanofibers. Dynamic mechanical analysis and differential scanning calorimetry indicate that the composites prepared from oxidized nanofibers exhibit improved thermal and structural properties relative to those prepared from unoxidized nanofibers. The optimum enhancement in the mechanical and thermal properties was observed for the composite containing oxidized nanofibers and the 20% vinyl phenol copolymer. These results are in excellent agreement with our previous work on carbon nanotube–polymer composites and suggest that the presence of intermolecular interactions between the copolymer matrix and nanofibers are responsible for the observed property enhancement. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 3053–3061, 2006