cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Meeting the challenge of human-induced climate change: reshaping social work education

ABSTRACTHuman-induced climate change presents a global challenge that necessitates a comprehensive shift in social work education and practice. To meet these demands, social work educators will nee...
Novel clinical definitions for immune-related adverse events (irAEs): A QI intervention to improve accuracy in irAE diagnosis.

290Background: Use of immunotherapy has increased exponentially with survival benefit in many malignancies. As a result, suspected irAEs are commonly encountered, but lack of a gold standard for di...
A New Method of Fault Diagnosis in Rolling Bearings

The rolling bearing plays a crucial role in industry and life, which is widely used in mechanical equipment. Its health will affect the safe operation of the equipment so monitoring the working state of bearings is necessary. The fault feature extraction method based on the combination of complete ensemble and empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and fuzzy entropy is divided into three parts. Firstly, the collected vibration signal is decomposed into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) by CEEMDAN. And then four relatively large modes are selected by using the correlation coefficient. Finally, fuzzy entropies are calculated separately and the results can be made to a fault feature. Support vector machines (SVM) is used to train diagnostic model. The experimental result shows that the method can improve the effect of feature extraction.
Pros and Cons of Bilateral Immediately Sequential Cataract Surgery

Immediately sequential bilateral cataract surgery (ISBCS) has been gaining attention over the past decade as a more efficient way to address the growing need for cataract removal in an aging population, and yet delayed sequential bilateral cataract surgery (DSBCS) remains the standard of care in many ophthalmologic communities. This review discusses some of the reasons surgeons have been hesitant to adopt ISBCS and hopes to address both the pros and cons of the procedure in the current medical environment. Many of the current arguments against the practice of ISBCS involve potential bilateral surgical complications and worse refractive outcomes; however, the literature to date does not support these arguments. The risk of unilateral vision threatening complications appears similar to DSBCL, and no cases of bilateral complications have been reported when the currently recommended protocols have been obeyed. Additionally, refractive targets have been similar to DSBCS in current published studies. ISBCS appears to be a more efficient and cost-saving procedure that remains safe and effective for improving visual functioning in patients with bilateral visually significant cataracts.
Manganese-Enhanced MRI in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cellular uptake of the manganese ion, when administered as a contrast agent for MR imaging, can noninvasively highlight cellular activity and disease processes in both animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to explore the enhancement profile of manganese in patients with multiple sclerosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Mangafodipir is a manganese chelate that was clinically approved for MR imaging of liver lesions. We present a case series of 6 adults with multiple sclerosis who were scanned at baseline with gadolinium, then injected with mangafodipir, and followed at variable time points thereafter. RESULTS: Fourteen new lesions formed during or shortly before the study, of which 10 demonstrated manganese enhancement of varying intensity, timing, and spatial pattern. One gadolinium-enhancing extra-axial mass, presumably a meningioma, also demonstrated enhancement with manganese. Most interesting, manganese enhancement was detected in lesions that formed in the days after mangafodipir injection, and this enhancement persisted for several weeks, consistent with contrast coming from intracellular uptake of manganese. Some lesions demonstrated a diffuse pattern of manganese enhancement in an area larger than that of both gadolinium enhancement and T2-FLAIR signal abnormality. CONCLUSIONS: This work demonstrates the first use of a manganese-based contrast agent to enhance MS lesions on MR imaging. Multiple sclerosis lesions were enhanced with a temporal and spatial profile distinct from that of gadolinium. Further experiments are necessary to uncover the mechanism of manganese contrast enhancement as well as cell-specific uptake.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Lytic Salmonella Phage OSY-STA, Which Infects Multiple Salmonella Serovars.

ABSTRACT Bacteriophage OSY-STA is a new anti-Salmonella phage that was isolated from a chicken farm in Ohio. It is a promising candidate for food safety applications, considering its efficiency in infecting several Salmonella enterica serovars. The current work presents its genomic characteristics. Salmonella phage OSY-STA has a 111,039-bp genome and 166 open reading frames.
Medical and Physician Assistant Student Competence in Basic Life Support: Opportunities to Improve Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training.

Author(s): Gupta, Rohit; DeSandro, Stephanie; Doherty, Neil A.; Gardner, Aimee K.; Pillow, M. Tyson | Abstract: Introduction: Medical and physician assistant (PA) students are often required to have Basic Life Support (BLS) education prior to engaging in patient care. Given the potential role of students in resuscitations, it is imperative to ensure that current BLS training prepares students to provide effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The objective of this study was to assess whether current BLS training produces student providers who can deliver BLS in an American Heart Association (AHA) guideline-adherent manner.Methods: Students at a US medical school were recruited by convenience sampling. BLS performance immediately following a standard AHA BLS training course was evaluated during a two-minute CPR cycle using manikins. We also collected information on demographics, previous BLS training attendance, perceived comfort in providing CPR, and prior experiences in healthcare and providing or observing CPR.Results: Among 80 participants, we found that compression rate, depth, and inter-compression recoil were AHA guideline-adherent for 90.0%, 68.8%, and 79.3% of total compression time, respectively. Mean hands-off time was also within AHA guidelines. Mean number of unsuccessful ventilations per cycle was 2.2. Additionally, 44.3% of ventilations delivered were of adequate tidal volume, 12.2% were excessive, and 41.0% were inadequate. Past BLS course attendance, prior healthcare certification, and previous provision of real-life CPR were associated with improved performance.Conclusion: Following BLS training, medical and PA students met a majority of AHA compressions guidelines, but not ventilations guidelines, for over 70% of CPR cycles. Maintaining compression depth and providing appropriate ventilation volumes represent areas of improvement. Conducting regular practice and involving students in real-life CPR may improve performance.
Reward processing and depression: Current findings and future directions

Abstract Depressive disorders are common and impairing and are currently the leading contributor to the global disease burden. Over the past decade, dysfunction in neural processing of rewards has emerged as one of the most promising biological markers for the development of depressive disorders due to the role of reward processing in reward learning and in emotions central to depressive disorders. Despite this, depressive disorders are still defined by self-reported symptoms and behavior, and research has begun to focus on identifying the pathophysiology of the disorder. The current chapter reviews relevant theory implicating reward-processing deficits in depressive disorders. We also review select behavioral, electroencephalography, and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies that investigate the association between reward-processing deficits and depression risk, symptoms, and disorders, both concurrently and prospectively. An overview of a more recent line of research examining the influence of stressful life events on the link between atypical reward processing and depression is also provided. Finally, we make suggestions for future directions in research investigating the role of reward processing in depressive disorders.
Should Patients Who Receive Postexposure Prophylaxis After Sexual Assault Be Considered for Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV

Clinicians who encounter patients after sexual assault must offer competent, compassionate, trauma-informed care that fosters a patient's sense of safety and trust. In this case, a patient presents for HIV postexposure prophylaxis after a second sexual assault by the same perpetrator. This article considers how to balance providing a potentially beneficial intervention and avoiding retraumatization and stigmatization. Clinicians who facilitate patient-centered decision making about preexposure prophylaxis can respond to a patient's immediate needs and support her autonomy.
Interactive Smoothing Parameter Optimization in DBT Reconstruction Using Deep Learning

Medical image reconstruction algorithms such as Penalized Weighted Least Squares (PWLS) typically rely on a good choice of tuning parameters such as the number of iterations, the strength of regularizar, etc. However, obtaining a good estimate of such parameters is often done using trial and error methods. This process is very time consuming and laborious especially for high resolution images. To solve this problem we propose an interactive framework. We focus on the regularization parameter and train a CNN to imitate its impact on image for varying values. The trained CNN can be used by a human practitioner to tune the regularization strength on-the-fly as per the requirements. Taking the example of Digital Breast Tomosynthesis reconstruction, we demonstrate the feasibility of our approach and also discuss the future applications of this interactive reconstruction approach. We also test the proposed methodology on public Walnut and Lodopab CT reconstruction datasets to show it can be generalized to CT reconstruction as well.
Recent studies concerning the coding mechanism.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the term genetic code, or amino acid code refers to the biological synthesis of proteins, and may be defined in terms of the relationship between the nucleotides in messenger RNA and the amino acids that are joined in peptide linkage during protein synthesis. More specifically, the genetic code assigns a function to each of the 64 possible groups of 3 consecutive nucleotides formed from the four digerent bases, adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil that are present in messenger RNA. Sixty-one of the 64 groups, or “codons,” are each assigned to one of the 20 amino acids that participate in protein synthesis; the other three codons bring about the termination of polypeptide chains by setting the last amino acid free instead of joining its carboxyl group to the amino group of another amino acid. The chapter also reviews that the genetic code is regarded as predominantly universal in the sense that the messenger RNA codons, when translated, are usually translated into the same amino acids in all organisms that have been examined. The universality of the code, therefore, has a meaning limited to internal regions of cistrons in mRNA molecules.
Megavoltage therapy for gynecologic malignancies.

Abstract Cancer of the cervix in 251 patients has been treated externally by theratron and betatron. Central therapy, when given, is applied by colpostat and tandem containing radioactive cobalt-60. Minimal side reactions have occurred. Cure rates and complications encountered are discussed. Projected 5 year cure rates by clinical staging are as follows: Stage I, 54 patients, 86 per cent; Stage II, 79 patients, 50.5 per cent; Stage III, 73 patients, 31.0 per cent; Stage IV, 45 patients, 25.0 per cent. The 12 per cent complication rate was more that of the disease than the therapy. Megavoltage therapy used in the manner outlined has proved effective and safe.
Transmission Electron Microscopy

Microscopy tools for direct visualization of cytological details include the light microscope, the confocal scanning microscope, and the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The scanning electron microscope involves circuitry that processes electronic Signals into an indirect image seen on a cathode ray tube or digital screen. All of the direct visualization methods involve light or electrons interacting with specimens and utilize either glass or magnetic lenses to project an image to the eye, to a screen, or to film. When considering the development of electron microscopes, it is useful to recognize the antecedents from the realm of light microscopy. The concepts of electron optics underlying electron microscopes are primarily extrapolations from the physics of light optics.
Adjudication, Antisubordination, and the Jazz Connection

We live in the midst of a pervasive and sustained democratic crisis. Our society expresses a deep commitment to core notions of freedom, justice, and equality for all citizens. Yet, it is equally clear that our democracy tolerates a great deal of social and economic inequality. Membership in a socially disfavored group can (and often does) profoundly distort one's life chances and opportunities. Our constitutional democracy acknowledges this tension, providing for both majority rule and the protection of minority rights and interests. Although we seek to safeguard minority rights and interest through express legal prohibitions on the subordination of socially disfavored groups, our society nevertheless retains informal structures and networks that have the effect of perpetuating social inequality among groups - social inequality that was once secured by formal law. Confronted with entrenched and destructive patterns of social and economic stratification, what more can law do to realize democracy for members of subordinated groups? This paper offers some preliminary thoughts on how law should respond, and in particular, what we might ask of judges and the Constitution that they interpret and uphold. The paper presents a normative and descriptive account of "successful" judging in constitutional civil rights cases in a democratic society. By "successful," I mean to describe a style of judging that is self-consciously engaged in the constructive enterprise of giving full meaning and content to minority rights in a manner consistent with the best of the American democratic tradition of freedom and majority rule. Successful judging, then, is judging deliberately styled to realize democracy for subordinated groups in American society. I seek to accomplish three main tasks in this paper. First, I argue for a particular understanding of the judicial role within our constitutional democracy in the contentious area of race relations. Second, I argue that judges committed to realizing democracy for members of socially disfavored groups should embrace an antisubordination interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment and the Court's equality jurisprudence as a guiding principle of adjudication for constitutional cases that pit the rights and interests of socially disfavored and minority groups against majority rule. Third, I provide a functionalist account for how this idealized style of adjudication works. Drawing upon the insights and impressions of free jazz movement and musician Ornette Coleman in particular, I argue that the hallmarks of Coleman's work - freedom, improvisation, reimagination, and courage - serve as useful points of departure for deepening our understanding of what judges committed to realizing democracy for members of subordinated groups do or ought to do.
Incorporating Voltage Fluctuations of the Power Distribution Network into the Transient Analysis of CMOS Logic Gates

Decreased power supply levels have reduced the tolerance to voltage changes within power distribution networks in CMOS integrated circuits. High on-chip currents, required to charge and discharge large on-chip loads while operating at high frequencies, produce significant transient i>IR voltage drops within a power distribution network. These transient i>IR voltage drops can affect the propagation delay of a CMOS logic gate, creating delay uncertainty within data paths. Analytical expressions characterizing these transient i>IR voltage drops are presented in this paper. The peak value of these transient i>IR voltage drops is within 6% as compared to SPICE. Circuit- and layout-level design constraints are also discussed to manage the peak value of the transient i>IR voltage drops. The propagation delay of a CMOS logic gate based on these analytical expressions is within 5% of SPICE while the estimate without considering transient i>IR voltage drops can exceed 20% for a 20 Ω power line.
Evolution of Endovascular Therapy: Diagnostics and Therapeutics

Interest in the workings of the circulation goes back to the ancient Greeks: Hippocrates and Galen both wrote about their findings in the heart and blood vessels. The pulmonary circulation was first described by an Arab physician, Ibn Al-Nafiis, in 1230, and no less a figure than Leonardo da Vinci had a keen interest in the hydrodynamic properties of blood. However, it was Harvey’s description of the circulation in 1628 that truly marked the beginnings of our modern understanding of the vasculature. Since then, great strides have been made in our understanding of vascular disease, leading to the development of endovascular methods for both diagnosis and treatment [1].
The Clinician and Laboratorian: Dynamic Transitions. The Twenty-Fourth Arnold O. Beckman Conference in Clinical Chemistry

The Beckman Conference began in 1977 with the mission of providing a forum to educate and discuss issues of importance between clinical laboratory professionals and clinicians. This mission was embodied in the topic of the first Beckman Conference: “The Clinician and the Chemist”. This year, the Twenty-Fourth Arnold O. Beckman Conference was held on February 11–12, 2001, in Newport Beach, CA. During the past 24 years, great change has occurred in laboratory medicine. Thus, the Arnold O. Beckman Conference Committee revisited the theme of the initial Beckman Conference, choosing the title of “The Clinician and Laboratorian: Dynamic Transitions”. The goal was to present a spectrum of information to enable laboratorians to adapt proactively to the changing expectations of clinicians, insurers, and society. Larry J. Kricka, AACC President, opened the Conference. He stated, “We are grateful to Dr. Beckman for his generous endowment of this conference series. He said he hoped these annual conferences would help contribute to the professional growth of Clinical Chemistry and to the improvement of healthcare. We will hear from experts about preparing your laboratory for future changes, launching innovative testing protocols, delivering web-based laboratory information, implementing outcome analysis, and promoting the laboratory’s role in clinical decision-making and improvement of patient care management”. As a condition of the gift from the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation, AACC disseminates the conference proceedings by publishing them in Clinical Chemistry . After President Kricka’s introductory remarks, I briefly reviewed the history of Arnold Beckman and the Conference. Additional information is available on the web (1) and in this Journal (2)(3). The Conference Committee …
Survey of background scattering from materials found in small-angle neutron scattering

Measurements and calculations of beam attenuation and background scattering for common materials placed in a neutron beam are presented over the temperature range of 300–700 K. Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements have also been made, to determine the fraction of the background that is either inelastic or quasi-elastic scattering as measured with a 3He detector. Other background sources considered include double Bragg diffraction from windows or samples, scattering from gases, and phonon scattering from solids. Background from the residual air in detector vacuum vessels and scattering from the 3He detector dome are presented. The thickness dependence of the multiple scattering correction for forward scattering from water is calculated. Inelastic phonon background scattering at small angles for crystalline solids is both modeled and compared with measurements. Methods of maximizing the signal-to-noise ratio by material selection, choice of sample thickness and wavelength, removal of inelastic background by TOF or Be filters, and removal of spin-flip scattering with polarized beam analysis are discussed.
Sealing law of far-field spectra based on observed parameters of the specific barrier model

A set of acceleration source spectra is constructed using the observed parameters of the specific barrier model of Papageorgiou and Aki. The spectra show a significant departure from the ‘ω2-model’ at the high frequency range. Specifically, the high frequency spectral amplitudes of seismic excitation are higher as compared to the level predicted by the ‘ω2-model’. This is also supported by other observational evidence. The high frequency amplitudes of acceleration scale proportionally to the square root of the rupture areaS, to the rupture spreading velocityv, and to the local strain drop (Δσ/μ) (=strain drop in between barriers). The local strain drop in between barriers is not related in a simple way to the global strain drop, which is the strain drop estimated by assuming that it is uniform over the entire rupture area. Consequently, the similarity law does not apply. Using the source spectra which we constructed, we derive expressions for high frequency amplitudes of acceleration such asa rms anda max. Close to the fault both are independent of fault dimensions and scale as (Δσ/µ)(Δf)1/2, while away from the fault plane they scale asW 1/2(Δσ/µ)(Δf)1/2, whereW is the width of the fault and Δf is the effective bandwidth of the spectra.
CD117+ small cell lung cancer lacks the asp 816-->val point mutation in exon 17.

Aims : To determine the frequency of point mutation in c-kit in CD117+ small cell lung cancer (SCLC). A significant proportion of SCLCs have been documented to be CD117+, thereby signifying they express the c-kit gene product. This finding suggests this tumour may be a potential target for tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) agents directed at c-kit. A point mutation in exon 17 of the c-kit gene, however, can abrogate the binding of TKIs. This being the case, immunohistochemistry is necessary to identify potential candidates for treatment with TKIs, but DNA sequence analysis may need to be performed to determine if these tumours will respond. Methods and results : Tumour cells of 23 cases of SCLC showing immunoreactivity for CD117 were laser capture microdissected from archived formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and the DNA isolated. PCR on exon 17 of the c-kit gene was performed and the amplified product sequenced. No point mutations were detected. Conclusions : The absence of mutations in exon 17 of CD117+ SCLC suggests this tumour may respond to therapy with TKI.
Laparoscopic evaluation following failure to achieve pregnancy after ovulation induction with clomiphene citrate.

Abstract Objective To assess the value of laparoscopic evaluation of the pelvis after failure to achieve pregnancy with clomiphene citrate–induced ovulation and to determine whether predictors for significant pelvic pathology can be isolated. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary care academic medical center. Patient(s) Ninety-two patients failing to conceive after four ovulatory cycles with clomiphene citrate with a normal hysterosalpingogram who underwent laparoscopic evaluation of the pelvis. Intervention(s) Laparoscopy. Main outcome measure(s) Presence of pelvic pathology and predictors of pelvic disease. Result(s) Of the 92 patients studied, 32 patients (34.8%) had a "positive" laparoscopy (i.e., stages III and IV endometriosis, an endometrioma, pelvic adhesions, and/or tubal disease), 27 patients (29.3%) had stage I or II endometriosis, and 30 patients (32.6%) had a normal pelvis. The predictors for intrapelvic disease were a history of dyspareunia, no prior use of oral contraceptive pills, and no prior use of any form of contraception. Almost 40% of women with predictors had a "positive" laparoscopy, compared with only 12.5% of patients without predictors; however, the majority of patients (91.3%) had at least one predictor. Conclusion(s) More than one third of the patients failing to conceive after four ovulatory cycles of clomiphene citrate had significant intrapelvic pathology. Although predictors for intrapelvic disease were isolated, their high prevalence reduced their predictive value.
Detecting hydrophobic molecules with nucleic acid-based receptors

We will argue for applications of crossreactive arrays of solution-phase sensors in urinalysis, wherein these can be useful for screening, as well as monitoring of disease progress or treatment compliance. For our first demonstration we focus on the detection and classification process of the predominant hydrophobic molecules in urine, steroids, while taking advantage of a variety of differentially crossreactive DNA-based hydrophobic receptors, three-way junctions. We discuss our progress in addressing some of the traditional limitations of crossreactive arrays and what remains to be done to move these systems into clinical applications.
Changing shape of disease: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in Crohn's disease—A case series and review of the literature

Background: With improvements in therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and changes in the prevalence of obesity, the phenotype of Crohn's disease (CD) is changing. These changes may herald an increase in the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in this population. Methods: Over a 10-month period we identified seven patients with CD who required liver biopsy for elevated liver function tests (LFTs), with an ultimate diagnosis of NAFLD. We performed a retrospective chart review and literature search to identify relevant data on NAFLD and CD. Specifically, we abstracted prior and current IBD-related medication exposures, disease severity, and the presence of typical comorbidities associated with NAFLD. Results: We describe seven patients with CD and biopsy-proven NAFLD. The majority of these patients were overweight or obese, had quiescent CD, and were more likely to be receiving a tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitor. Review of the literature produced a total of 29 articles describing NAFLD in IBD patients, primarily restricted to historical autopsy and surgical series. Limited contemporary studies highlight the rising prevalence of NAFLD in treated IBD populations. Conclusions: NAFLD is increasing in incidence and prevalence among the general population. With improvements in therapy, NAFLD is likely increasing among the CD population as well. When evaluating an IBD patient with abnormal LFTs, clinicians need to consider NAFLD. NAFLD may impact IBD management in the future if therapeutic modalities are limited due to elevated LFTs. Further, patients should be monitored for excessive weight gain and counseled regarding healthy dietary and exercise habits. (Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011)
Study of the Evolution of Soot from Various Fuels

JP-8, a surrogate fuel, and several model compounds were used to produce soot aerosols in a drop-tube furnace with optical access. The soluble organic fractions (SOF) of soot aerosols were studied with GC, GC−MS, and 13C NMR. The residue of each aerosol sample was studied with Raman spectroscopy, ESR, and a recently developed technique used to determine the conductivity and extent of turbostratic structure formation in soot. The SOF values from different fuel sources exhibit variations in yield, and carbon aromaticity values, and the latter parameter correlates with the extent of turbostratic structure formation in the aerosol residues. Raman data of the soot residues indicate the presence of highly disordered graphitic structures, but the graphite factor measurements reveal differences among these disordered structures that are not apparent in the Raman data.
Corrosion Performance of Epoxy-Coated Reinforcing Steel in Marine Substructure Service

Abstract Corrosion of marine bridge substructures using concrete with epoxy-coated reinforcing steel (ECR) has been observed in Florida Keys' bridges. Experiments have been conducted to determine the extent of corrosion and associated macrocell action in concrete that might develop in ECR that contained surface defects and was subject to corrosion before placement in concrete. Instrumented columns have been used to measure the extent of macrocell action and determine the cathodic polarization behavior of ECR segments. A simplified quantitative model has been formulated to predict the macrocell current distribution along idealized substructure columns, as a function of concrete resistivity, column length, and ECR surface condition.
Influence of induced fit in the interaction of Bacillus subtilis trp RNA-binding attenuator protein and its RNA antiterminator target oligomer.

In the presence of excess tryptophan, tryptophan-activated TRAP (trp RNA-binding attenuator protein) binds to a specific target in the trp-leader transcript, which induces the formation of a transcription terminator and transcription halts in the leader region. In the absence of tryptophan, TRAP does not bind RNA, an antiterminator forms, and the operon is expressed. Although the ternary complex involving TRAP (Bacillus stearothermophilus), tryptophan, and the RNA target has recently been crystallized, efforts to obtain structural data for the apo-form of TRAP (in any species) have not been successful. We have used multidimensional/ multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to probe the structure-function relationship in the TRAP-activated system, and have obtained high-resolution multidimensional/ multinuclear NMR spectra of TRAP in all three of its functional states: tryptophan-free or apo-TRAP, tryptophan-activated TRAP, and tryptophan-activated TRAP-RNA ternary complex. Chemical shift perturbation analysis of the NMR data clarifies the interpretation of results obtained from previous crystal studies. Results presented herein demonstrate that tryptophan binding induces an essential structural change in TRAP that supports high-affinity binding of the RNA target oligonucleotide.
Effects of Intensive Phonomotor Treatment on Reading in Eight Individuals With Aphasia and Phonological Alexia

Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate effects of a multimodal treatment of phonology, phonomotor treatment, on the reading abilities of persons with aphasia (PWA) with phonological alexia. Method In a retrospective, single-group design, this study presents pre-, post-, and 3-months posttreatment data for 8 PWA with phonological alexia. Participants completed 60 hr of phonomotor treatment over 6 weeks. Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests and group effect sizes comparing pre-, immediately post-, and 3-months posttreatment performance on tests of phonological processing and reading were performed. Results Group data showed phonological processing and oral reading of real words and nonwords improved significantly posttreatment; these gains were maintained 3 months later. No group improvement was found for reading comprehension; however, one individual did show improvement immediately post- and 3-months posttreatment. Conclusions This study provides support that phonomotor treatment is a viable approach to ...
Enhanced magnetic cell labeling efficiency using –NH2 coated MPIOs

Strategies have been developed for labeling cells with micron sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) for in vivo visualization of cells by magnetic resonance imaging. Although this approach is well established and has a variety of applications, current protocols employ long labeling times. It has been previously demonstrated that incubation of dextran coated iron oxide nanoparticles with positively charged transfection agents, such as poly-L-lysine increases labeling efficiency. Therefore, we sought to ascertain whether preincubating MPIOs with various quantities of poly-L-lysine would similarly enhance the rate of magnetic cell labeling. This was also tested against an NH2 functionalized, commercially available MPIO. Indeed, we demonstrate significantly increased rate of magnetic cell labeling with MPIOs previously incubated with varying amounts of poly-L-lysine, with robust intracellular labeling at 2 hours. Yet the most robust labeling was achieved with the MPIO-NH2. Interestingly, even for particle formulations which still had negative zeta potential, enhancement of magnetic cell labeling was achieved. Magn Reson Med, 2011. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Benchmarking ACEJMC Competencies: What it Means for Assessment

The Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications (ACEJMC) has developed twelve professional values and competencies that all students in accredited programs must demonstrate before graduation. This study asked Association of Schools of Journalism and Mass Communication (ASJMC) program administrators which competencies were most emphasized in their current programs and which were most important for students graduating in 2020. Findings revealed that the core competencies of “writing,” “thinking,” and “technology” were seen as being most emphasized currently and most important in the future. The authors use these findings to suggest that a tiered assessment system might be more appropriate to accommodate differences in program emphasis.
The effect of steam on supported metal catalysts

In order to examine the effect of steam on supported metal catalysts, model supported metal catalysts of Ni, Co, or Fe on alumina have been heated in steam at 700/sup 0/C. The transmission electron micrographs show that for all these metals, patches of film extend from the crystallites. Prolonged heating results in the disappearance of the patches which probably spread as a contiguous film over the entire surface of the substrate. The degree of spreading is in the order: C0 > Ni > Fe. On subsequent heating in H/sub 2/, small crystallites were generated, probably via the rupture of the contiguous film. The contraction of the patches of film bridging two or several particles caused the coalescence of the latter. This subsequent heating in H/sub 2/ favors redispersion only when the heating time is sufficiently short. Prolonged heating in H/sub 2/ leads to the disappearance of the small particles.
Neuroanatomy of the Extraocular Muscle Tendon Enthesis in Macaque, Normal Human, and Patients With Congenital Nystagmus

Abstract Purpose: To search for the presence of, and qualitatively characterize the microscopic anatomy of, nerve terminals in the tendino-scleral (enthesial) area of the extraocular muscle tendon. Methods: Extraocular rectus muscle tendino-scleralspecimens from a macaque monkey, a normal human, cadavers, and patients with congenital nystagmus were obtained and studied with transmission electron microscopy. Results: Enthesial neurovascular structures were identified in all specimens. The enthesial area showed structures consisting of myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers with associated supporting vascular capillaries. Qualitative analysis showed anomalous neurovascular structures were in the enthesis of patients with congenital nystagmus. Conclusions: This study confirms the presence of normal and abnormal neural anatomy in the enthesial area of the extraocular muscle tendon. Neurovascular abnormalities in the enthesial part of the extraocular muscle tendon may be a result of, or contribute to, disease pathogenesis. If these structures are related to afferent central nervous system input, then disruption of them during surgery might influence postoperative outcome. (J AAPOS 2002;6:319-27)
Automated process planning for sheet metal bending operations

Abstract This paper describes a generative process planning system for robotic sheet metal bending press brakes. This process planning system employs a distributed planning architecture. Currently, the system consists of a central operation planner and three specialized domain-specific planners: tooling, grasping, and moving. The central operation planner proposes various alternative partial sequences, and each specialized planner evaluates these sequences based on its objective function. The central operation planner uses state-space search techniques to optimize the operation sequence. Once a CAD design is given for a new part, the system automatically determines: the operation sequence, the tools and robot grippers needed, the tool layout, the grasp positions, the gage, and the robot motion plans for making the part. The distributed architecture allows the development of an open-architecture environment for doing generative process planning and encapsulating the specialized knowledge in specialized planners.
Precipitation Particle Measurements in Cumulus Congestus

Abstract Precipitation particle measurements from the upper levels of cumulus congestus clouds are analyzed with regard to general cloud characteristics, liquid water content, and precipitation water content as related to the theoretical radar reflectivity. Conclusions are: (1) the majority of the cumulus congestus clouds examined, whose tops exceed 14,000 ft, contained precipitation particles (250-microns diameter) in the upper levels sometime during their life cycle, (2) particle concentrations in excess of 1000 per m3 were found in about 20 per cent of the clouds examined, (3) the relationship Z=1.6×10−2M1.46 for radar reflectivity is applicable for cumulus congestus in the early stages of precipitation development.
Ethanol directly inhibits Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity in rat testis interstitial cells

Abstract Acute ethanol exposure has been demonstrated to inhibit testosterone synthesis both in vivo and in vitro ; however, the precise step(s) affected is controversial. Using intact collagenase-dispersed interstitial cells or 10,000xg supernatants of interstitial cell homogenates, studies were undertaken to determine whether ethanol specifically inhibited Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity. In both cellular preparations, varing concentrations of ethanol (2.2 – 652 mM) inhibited this enzyme activity. Because alcohol dehydrogenase activity was identified specifically in Leydig cells and because the inhibition of Δ5-3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-isomerase activity by concentrations of ethanol normally observed in circulation of alcoholic men (2.2 – 65 mM) could be reversed by saturating concentrations of NAD+ (0.2 mM) or by 4-methylpyrazole (2 mM), these results suggest that the mechanism of this inhibition is by limitation of available cofactor.
Modeling clustered activity increase in amyloid-beta positron emission tomographic images with statistical descriptors

Background Amyloid-beta (Aβ) imaging with positron emission tomography (PET) holds promise for detecting the presence of Aβ plaques in the cortical gray matter. Many image analyses focus on regional average measurements of tracer activity distribution; however, considerable additional information is available in the images. Metrics that describe the statistical properties of images, such as the two-point correlation function (S2), have found wide applications in astronomy and materials science. S2 provides a detailed characterization of spatial patterns in images typically referred to as clustering or flocculence. The objective of this study was to translate the two-point correlation method into Aβ-PET of the human brain using 11C-Pittsburgh compound B (11C-PiB) to characterize longitudinal changes in the tracer distribution that may reflect changes in Aβ plaque accumulation.
Stringy turbulence kinematics

The kinematics of a model of purely structured turbulence are compared with fully resolved Navier-Stokes solutions corresponding to smaller Reλ numbers. Key kinematic aspects of turbulence like the average growth of material lines and surfaces, the tendency of the material length vectors to align with the expansive rate-of-strain eigenvector and the shapes of the joint histograms of the Lyapunov exponents of the left stretch tensor are reproduced qualitatively. The ratios of average values of the Lyapunov exponents (scaled with the Kolmogorov time scale) are close but the absolute values differ by a factor of 2.
Remarriage: A Family Developmental Process.

As family members move from first marriage, through divorce and the two household family, to early and then established remarriage, they face predictable periods of transition in which family structure is disrupted and reorganized. Clinical examples are used to illustrate the view that an understanding of the pain of transition and the effectiveness of reorganization must be placed in the context of(l) the challenges characteristic of the current phase in the divorce-remarriage cycle, (2) the life cycle issues of individual family members, and (3) the legacy of previous family structural organizations.
The disease concept of alcoholism: Its impact on women's treatment

The disease concept of alcoholism has had a dynamic impact on attitudes, policies, and treatment orientations. Despite its demonstrable effects on changing behaviors and belief systems, it remains both an acceptable and controversial entity amongst researchers and treatment personnel alike. This report provides a current focus of the disease concept as its applies to the characteristics and experiences of women alcoholics and their treatment. It especially targets the need for empowerment in this population and questions whether this important trait can be developed by the disease concept's emphasis on illness and the sick role, which inadvertently validates the feelings of powerlessness and helplessness of these women who already have been intensively socialized in dependent and subordinate roles.
Changes in metallothionein mRNA and protein after sublethal exposure to arsenite and cadmium chloride in juvenile winter flounder

Juvenile winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) from a Long Island Sound site within the Niantic River region contain elevated levels of liver As and Cd. Previous work in mammals suggests that a reduced species of As, NaAs 3+ , is as potent a metallothionein (MT) inducer as CdCl 2 . We investigated whether this is also the case in winter flounder by subcutaneously exposing juveniles to a sublethal range of NaAs 3+ (0, 0.38, 0.75, and 1.5 μmol/g fish) or CdCl 2 (0, 0.045, 0.09, and 0.18 μmol/g fish). Of the two, CdCl 2 was the more potent MT inducer, with an 8-fold lower molar equivalent causing a 3-fold higher response. Both metals rapidly induced MT protein within 24 h of exposure, but only the highest dose of CdCl 2 elicited a significant increase in MT mRNA. The magnitude of the MT protein response to CdCl 2 (7.25-fold) demonstrates that elevated liver As and Cd do not narrow the MT response window in juvenile flounder from the Niantic River region. These fish have relatively low liver MT protein levels (46 μg/g) and will be a useful reference population for future metal impact studies within Long Island Sound.
Response of infant and adult mice to lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection.

Summary and ConclusionsFreshly isolated strains of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus induced inapparent infection and immunity in infant mice. A mouse-adapted strain, however, caused obvious signs of infection and a high mortality rate among infant mice. Adult mice were fully susceptible to both freshly isolated and mouse-adapted virus. These findings are in keeping with the epizoology of the disease in naturally infected mouse colonies.
The Microstructure of California Coastal Fog and Stratus

Abstract Detailed vertical profiles of the microphysical properties of West Coast advection fog were made over theSan Francisco peninsula during the summers of 1974 and 1975. The sampling platform was the 250 m highMount Sutro tower which, during much of the summer, protrudes through the coastal marine layer intothe subsidence inversion. The microphysical structure was found to vary systematically as a function of airparcel trajectory and air mass history. Maritime trajectories had an average droplet concentration of 89 cm-3, contrasting sharply with continental trajectories averaging 265 cm-3. The effect of nuclei depletiondue to washout processes as the air parcels travel through stratus decks was found to reduce the numberof nuclei available for condensation by as much as 30%. Despite large variations in their initial structure,each sample displayed a remarkable consistency in its microphysical development. Over the peninsula, themean droplet diameter and liquid water content increased with height in e...
Financing Early Childhood Education Programs: State, Federal, and Local Issues:

The landscape of financing early childhood education in the U.S. is complex. Programs run the gamut from tuition-supported private centers to public programs supported by federal, state, or local funds. Different funding streams are poorly coordinated. The federal government funds several major targeted programs that are available only to specific subgroups of children. States have also tended to offer targeted programs, though in recent years several states have committed to serving all children at age 4. Types of finance models used in state preschool initiatives are examined in detail, and future opportunities to build a more cohesive system are explored.
Cyanide Content of Sorghum Sprouts

The seeds of four cultivars of grain sorghum and four of sweet sorghum (Sorghum blcolor (L.) Moench) contained only traces (1 or 2 ppm) to 29 ppm of potential hydrocyanic acid (HCN) that could be generated as free HCN by digestion and steam distillation. Sprouts of the same cultivars grown for 3 days in the dark at 30°C, however, contained from 258–1030 ppm potential HCN relative to the weight of the ungerminated, dry seed. Drying at 50°C and grinding of sprouts to produce a meal did not reduce the potential HCN content. The consumption of sorghum sprouts or products made from them may be hazardous. The average amount (61.3 mg) of HCN obtained in our laboratory from sprouts grown from 100g of seed exceeds the average fatal dose for an adult.
Available Potential Energy: A Clarification

Abstract In order to clarify some inconsistencies in the literature, on ocean energetics, the evaluation of the available potential energy (APE) is reconsidered. Attention is focused on the baroclinic APE under conditions in which the hydrostatic approximation prevails. Following Margules and Lorenz (ML), we define this as the difference between the total enthalpy of a given sample state of the fluid and that of an isentropically leveled state having the same mass. It is partly gravitational potential energy and partly elastic internal energy. For emphasis, we denote this as the ML APE. It differs from the gravitational part (APEg) by an amount that depends on whether the elastic internal energy is released (as in the atmosphere) or stored (as in the ocean) during an isentropic leveling process. In the ocean the ML APE is found to be somewhat less than the APEg, in contrast to the atmosphere where the ML APE greatly exceeds the APEg. This difference is ascribed to the temperature dependency of compressibi...
DSPM: Dynamic Structure Preserving Map for action recognition

In this paper, a Dynamic Structure Preserving Map (DSPM) is proposed to effectively recognize human actions in video sequences. Inspired by the latest feature learning methods, we modified and improved the adaptive learning procedure in self-organizing map (SOM) to capture dynamics of best matching neurons through Markov random walk. The DSPM can learn implicit spatial-temporal correlations from sequential action feature sets and preserve the intrinsic topologies characterized by different human motions. A further advantage of DSPM is its ability to learn low-level features in challenging video data. The projection from high dimensional action features to low dimensional latent neural distribution significantly reduces the computational cost and data redundancy in the recognition process. The effectiveness and robustness of the proposed method is verified through extensive experiments on several benchmark datasets.