cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Determination of adiabatic ionization potentials and electron affinities of energetic molecules with the Gaussian-4 method

Abstract Adiabatic ionization potentials (IPad) and electron affinities (EAad) are determined with the Gaussian-4 (G4) method for the energetic molecules PETN, RDX, β-δ-HMX, CL-17, TNB, TNT, CL-14, DADNE, TNA, and TATB. The IPad and EAad values are in the range of 8.43–11.73 and 0.74–2.86 eV, respectively. Variations are due to substitutional effects of electron withdrawing and donating functional groups. Enthalpies of formation are also determined for several of these molecules to augment the list of recently reported G4 values. The calculated IPad and EAad provide quantitative assessment of such molecular properties as chemical hardness, molecular electronegativity, and “intrinsic” molecular physical hardness.
Electro-optic modulation of high-Q lithium niobate whispering gallery resonator with integrated ground plane (Conference Presentation)

We experimentally demonstrate electro-optic modulation in thin film lithium niobate microdisk resonators with an integrated bottom electrode fabricated from a z-cut Lithium Niobate on Insulator wafer. The structure consisted of a 400nm thick crystalline z-cut lithium niobate/2um SiO2/20nm Cr/100nm Au/10nm Cr film stack on top of a z-cut lithium niobate handle wafer. The integrated bottom electrode is located 2um beneath the resonator. This proximity, coupled with positioning an electrical probe close to the top of the resonator, allows large optical frequency shifts with low voltages. We observed a 0.111pm/V resonance shift of vertically polarized (TM) optical whispering gallery modes, with the voltage applied perpendicular to the wafer surface. This corresponds to a shift of one optical linewidth at an applied voltage of 180V, using the r33 component of the eletro-optic tensor. We observed a smaller shift of 0.066pm/V for the radially polarized (TE) modes, using the r13 component of the electro-optic tensor. The experiment was performed using a 1550nm tunable laser that was coupled to the optical resonator modes using a tapered optical fiber. To measure the electro-optic shift of the resonance, a voltage was applied across the device via DC probe tips and the peak shift was calibrated with a Toptica WS6 IR wavemeter with 200 MHz absolute accuracy. We also present a finite element model that accurately predicts the resonance shift as a function of applied voltage for both polarizations.
Welcome to Zombie City

The center of neoliberal education reform in both a literal and figurative sense is the urban public school. As such, the surrounding communities feel the effects of such reforms. Indeed, neoliberal education reform has ties to larger efforts to re(de)form the city (Helfenbein, 2011). These education reforms are situated with(in) a larger movement that seeks to undermine public services and shift the balance of democracy firmly away from any communitarian principles onto a hyper-realized individual.
Hadronic decays of Bc mesons with flavor SU (3)F symmetry

Abstract We study implications of a recent observation of non-leptonic B c + → D 0 K + decay and a bound on B c + → D 0 π + transition, on CP-violating asymmetries in B c decays. In the U-spin symmetry limit, we derive a relation between the CP-asymmetries in the B c + → D 0 K + and B c + → D 0 π + channels and the corresponding branching ratios. We also derive several relations between non-leptonic B c decays into the final states with D mesons in the flavor S U ( 3 ) F limit. We point out that a combined study of S U ( 3 ) F amplitudes in these decays can be used to constrain the angle γ of the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix.
AAG: An automatic assertion generation framework for RTL designs

Assertion Based Verification (ABV) has been shown to be a very effective functional verification approach for digital designs. ABV is usually employed by the verification engineers by embedding assertions in the hardware description language (HDL) code manually by studying the design and user provided specifications. However, with the growing complexity of digital systems, understanding different designs and specifications in general and then writing assertions manually in particular has become quite tedious. In this paper, we propose to alleviate these issues by proposing AAG, i.e., an Automatic Assertion Generation framework that accepts the Register Transfer Level (RTL) code in Verilog, generates the corresponding randomized testbench automatically and then generates the corresponding value change dump (VCD) file from the simulation of RTL code using the generated testbench. In the proposed verification framework, we use GoldMine as an assertion generation engine. The paper also explains, with help of case studies, how can verification engineers benefit from AAG.
Law and Self-Knowledge in the Talmud

This book examines the emergence of self-knowledge as a determining legal consideration among the rabbis of Late Antiquity, from the third to the seventh centuries CE. Based on close readings of rabbinic texts from Palestine and Babylonia, Ayelet Hoffmann Libson highlights a unique and surprising development in Talmudic jurisprudence, whereby legal decision-making incorporated personal and subjective information. She examines the central legal role accorded to individuals' knowledge of their bodies and mental states in areas of law as diverse as purity laws, family law and the laws of Sabbath. By focusing on subjectivity and self-reflection, the Babylonian rabbis transformed earlier legal practices in a way that cohered with the cultural concerns of other religious groups in Late Antiquity. They developed sophisticated ideas about the inner self and incorporated these notions into their distinctive discourse of law.
Secure Smart Card Signing with Time-based Digital Signature

People use their personal computers, laptops, tablets and smart phones to digitally sign documents in company’s websites and other online electronic applications, and one of the main cybersecurity challenges in this process is trusted digital signature. While the majority of systems use password-based authentication to secure electronic signature, some more critical systems use USB token and smart card to prevent identity theft and implement the trusted digital signing process. Even though smart card provides stronger security, any weakness in the terminal itself can compromise the security of smart card. In this paper, we investigate current smart card digital signature, and illustrate well-known basic vulnerabilities of smart card terminal with the real implementation of two possible attacks including PIN sniffing and message alteration just before signing. As we focus on second attack in this paper, we propose a novel mechanism using time-based digital signing by smart card to defend against message alteration attack. Our prototype implementation and performance analysis illustrate that our proposed mechanism is feasible and provides stronger security. Our method uses popular timestamping protocol packets and does not require any new key distribution and certificate issuance.
Visualizations of Mistral and Tri Alpha Plasmas

Plasma expert Wendell Horton from the Institute for Fusion Studies at the University of Texas at Austin is running simulations on the Stampede2 supercomputer at the Texas Advanced Computing Center (TACC) to investigate plasma turbulence characteristics to validate design parameters at the ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor, and Latin for "the way") tokamak project in southern France. Visualizations show waves from simulated electromagnetic fields corresponding to those generated in the lining of the magnetic device as the plasma inside creates fusion energy.
Cardiac arrest during pregnancy.

SUMMARY Cardiac arrest occurs rarely in pregnancy. Nevertheless, the practicing obstetrician stands a likely chance of encountering this acute condition at least once over the course of a busy career. A basic understanding of maternal-fetal physiology and the acute management of cardiac arrest are of key importance. ECC is not significantly changed from that administered to the nonpregnant patient. Factors unique to pregnancy, however, such as lateral uterine displacement, effects of drugs on the mother and the fetus, and the issues of perimortem cesarean section should be understood by the consulting obstetrician. The critical period in management of these patients is within the first several minutes of the event. In many situations, the obstetrician may be the first to arrive and initiate therapy before the arrival of multidisciplinary assistance. Prompt initial management will give the mother and fetus the best chances for survival.
Baseline IL-22 expression in patients with atopic dermatitis stratifies tissue responses to fezakinumab.

Background IL-22 is potentially a pathogenic cytokine in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), but the molecular effects of IL-22 antagonism have not been defined in human subjects. Objective We sought to evaluate the cellular and molecular effects of IL-22 blockade in tissues from patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Methods We assessed lesional and nonlesional skin from 59 patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with anti–IL-22 (fezakinumab) versus placebo (2:1) using transcriptomic and immunohistochemistry analyses. Results Greater reversal of the AD genomic profile was seen with fezakinumab versus placebo, namely 25.3% versus 10.5% at 4 weeks (P = 1.7 × 10−5) and 65.5% versus 13.9% at 12 weeks (P = 9.5 × 10−19), respectively. Because IL-22 blockade showed clinical efficacy only in patients with severe AD, we used baseline median IL-22 mRNA expression to stratify for high (n = 30) and low (n = 29) IL-22 expression groups. Much stronger mean transcriptomic improvements were seen with fezakinumab in the IL-22–high drug-treated group (82.8% and 139.4% at 4 and 12 weeks, respectively) than in the respective IL-22–high placebo-treated group (39.6% and 56.3% at 4 and 12 weeks) or the IL-22–low groups. Significant downregulations of multiple immune pathways, including TH1/CXCL9, TH2/CCL18/CCL22, TH17/CCL20/DEFB4A, and TH22/IL22/S100A's, were restricted to the IL-22–high drug group (P Conclusions This is the first report showing a profound effect of IL-22 blockade on multiple inflammatory pathways in AD. These data, supported by robust effects in patients with high IL-22 baseline expression, suggest a central role for IL-22 in AD, indicating the need for a precision medicine approach for improving therapeutic outcomes in patients with AD.
Some pennies are more equal than others: Inequitable school facilities investment in San Antonio, Texas

In Texas, local taxpayers fund the majority of educational facilities construction and maintenance costs, with local wealth influencing facilities outcomes. The traditional school districts that comprise the predominantly Latino and segregated San Antonio area vary considerably in property wealth as well as district capacity and expertise. We conducted an analysis of 12 San Antonio area school districts to address the questions: 1) To what extent do state and local investments vary by district? 2) How do district actions and constraints affect facilities quality and equitable investment? Methods include descriptive quantitative analysis of facilities investment data and qualitative interviews with school district leaders, staff, and school finance experts. Examining Texas school finance data demonstrated the variance in school district investments in educational facilities. Despite some districts with lower property wealth exerting higher levels of tax effort, they were able to raise less money per student for educational facilities through interest and sinking taxes. Interview findings revealed that several districts acknowledge lacking the capacity to maintain high-quality facilities for all students. Respondents frequently criticized current state policies and funding for educational facilities as inadequate, inequitable, and inefficient and expressed a need for policy improvements in an era of increasing state disinvestment.
Splitting Ratios: Metric Details of Topological Line-Line Relations.

Within the geographic domain, an important class of problems relies on geometric abstractions in the form of lines where, for instance, transportation networks and trajectories of movements are typically perceived or modeled at such a generalized geometric level. To support querying and computational comparisons, oftentimes multi-resolution models are needed to guide users from coarser to finer details. Within such a setting topological properties are coarse spatial information, whereas metric refinements offer finer details. The 9-intersection distinguishes 33 topological relations between two lines. This paper develops a model that captures metric details for line-line relations through splitting ratios, which are normalized values of lengths and areas of intersections. These ratios apply to the 9-intersection’s nonempty values, thereby providing refinements of topological properties. Three such splitting ratios comprehensively refine 30 of the 33 topological relations: one for the lengths of common paths, one for the partitioning of lines through intersections, and another one for the areas enclosed by two lines with two or more common components. For the remaining three relations—disjoint, meet, and equal—no further metric refinements based on common parts are possible. The splitting ratios are integrated into a compact representation of detailed topological relations, thereby addressing topological and metric properties of arbitrarily complex line-line relations.
Editorial Commentary: Aim High or Go Low? Outcomes Are Equivalent for Arthroscopic Suprapectoral and Mini-open Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis.

Abstract The contemporary management of biceps-labral pathology has increasingly transitioned toward primary treatment of the long head of the biceps tendon, largely in response to more consistent outcomes relative to SLAP repair and so-called benign neglect. Accordingly, there has been renewed interest in evaluating relevant differences between varying operative techniques and constructs for biceps tenodesis, including an array of subacromial, intra-articular, suprapectoral, and subpectoral methods. Among these, arthroscopic suprapectoral tenodesis and mini-open subpectoral tenodesis remain in contention for “best in show,” albeit with distinctly different merits and risks. Important considerations with either technique include restoration of the native length-tension relation, avoidance of perioperative complications, surgical-site morbidity, and technical ease. Dogma aside, surgeons facile with both techniques can confidently counsel their patients on the comparable short-term results after suprapectoral or subpectoral biceps tenodesis.
Saddle pulmonary embolism with fluorouracil: A case report.

IntroductionAs a single agent, fluorouracil has been documented to have a small but present chance of causing extravasation of the port when not properly administered. It has also been shown that c...
Impact of tumor histology and socioeconomic factors on survival of patients suffering from malignant vascular tumors of liver and hepatocellular carcinomas: A SEER database analysis.

e16612Background: Primary malignant vascular tumors of the liver are rare, aggressive and poorly understood subtypes of liver cancers. In this analysis, we aim to determine the impact of tumor hist...
Correlation between Crystal Structure, Surface/Interface Microstructure, and Electrical Properties of Nanocrystalline Niobium Thin Films

Niobium (Nb) thin films, which are potentially useful for integration into electronics and optoelectronics, were made by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering by varying the substrate temperature. The deposition temperature (Ts) effect was systematically studied using a wide range, 25–700 °C, using Si(100) substrates for Nb deposition. The direct correlation between deposition temperature (Ts) and electrical properties, surface/interface microstructure, crystal structure, and morphology of Nb films is reported. The Nb films deposited at higher temperature exhibit a higher degree of crystallinity and electrical conductivity. The Nb films’ crystallite size varied from 5 to 9 (±1) nm and tensile strain occurs in Nb films as Ts increases. The surface/interface morphology of the deposited Nb films indicate the grain growth and dense, vertical columnar structure at elevated Ts. The surface roughness derived from measurements taken using atomic force microscopy reveal that all the Nb films are characteristically smooth with an average roughness <2 nm. The lowest electrical resistivity obtained was 48 µΩ cm. The correlations found here between growth conditions electrical properties as well as crystal structure, surface/interface morphology, and microstructure, could provide useful information for optimum conditions to produce Nb thin films for utilization in electronics and optoelectronics.
“Be True to Your School”: A 100-Year Legacy of Music Education Faculty at the Indiana University School of Music:

The 2020 bicentennial year of Indiana University (IU) Bloomington is a fitting time to recognize the 100-year legacy of the faculty members of the IU Music Education Department. This legacy has not...
Behavior of cold-formed steel shear walls sheathed with high-capacity sheathing

Abstract Cold-formed steel (CFS) framed buildings have shown potential towards innovative and efficient building design in high seismic regions. The objective of this study is to expand the knowledge and breadth of design options of CFS construction into higher capacity lateral force resisting systems; as such, the lateral performance of CFS shear walls sheathed with fiber cement board (FCB) and composite steel-gypsum (SG) panels are the focus of this work. Three-dimensional finite element shell modeling is used by focusing on the impact of sheathing type, screw type and fastener pattern. The computational method includes fastener-based modeling which necessitates the use of experimentally-derived connection behavior. An experimental program of monotonic and cyclic fastener testing was conducted to provide shear response of CFS-to-sheathing connections with various sheathings (FCB, SG), screws, and screw spacing. Monotonic connection means are derived from the experiments and introduced in the finite element model. The numerical results demonstrate significant capacity benefits and different failure modes from traditional wood-sheathed shear walls. This work not only aims to provide an innovative and accurate computational tool for FCB- and SG-sheathed shear walls to the research community, but also to expand CFS practice through higher capacity design options. To enable adoption by practitioners, prescriptive design recommendations are provided. As the developed finite element model is computationally expensive, Pinching4 parameters from the cyclic testing are also provided to aid in the development of reduced-order models.
The Need to Dismantle “Standard” Language Ideology at the Community College: An Analysis of Writing and Literacy Instructor Attitudes

In spite of years of sociolinguistic research establishing that all language varieties are valid and equal, there is a disconnect between this knowledge and pedagogical practices at the college lev...
Meta Distributions—Part 1: Definition and Examples

Meta distributions (MDs) have emerged as a powerful tool in the analysis of wireless networks. Compared to standard distributions, they enable a clean separation of the different sources of randomness, resulting in sharper, more refined results. In particular, they capture the disparity of the performances of individual links or users. In this first part of a two-letter series, we start from first principles and give the formal definition of MDs and present several simple yet illustrative examples. Part 2 explores the properties of the MD in more depth and offers multiple interpretations and applications.
The Power of Shareholder Political Transparency Activism

Corporations have become frequent targets of shareholder activism that seeks to improve corporate political responsibility. Movement scholars have demonstrated that social activists can affect corp...
What role will social work have played in the opioid epidemic

We’ve titled this editorial: “What role will social work have played in the opioid epidemic?.” This is meant to give pause, to reflect on the extent to which social work has helped – and at times h...
Mass Shootings, Mass Media, and Mass Opinion: An Examination of How the News Media Affects Public Opinion in the Aftermath of Mass Shootings

This research looks at how newspaper mentions of mass shootings correlate with the percentage of people in the U.S. who view gun control as the most important issue facing the country. While the agenda-setting effect of the news media has been theorized and demonstrated for a number of different issues, scholars have yet to consider how the news media may set the agenda for the public’s view on the importance of gun control through its coverage of mass shootings. Utilizing designs put forth by Smidt (2011), Tan and Weaver (2007), and Winter and Eyal (1984), this paper seeks to fill that gap by showing the importance of news media discourse surrounding mass shootings on public opinion formation. While the results do not show a definite causal pattern between higher news media mentions of a mass shooting and a higher percentage of people who think gun control is important, this study does demonstrate that there is an important relationship between news media discourse and public opinion. This article is available in Res Publica Journal of Undergraduate Research: http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/respublica/vol19/iss1/8
Auto-calibration for a planar epicardial wire robot

Gene therapies have emerged as a promising treatment for congestive heart failure, yet they lack a method for minimally invasive, uniform delivery. To address this need we developed Cerberus, a minimally invasive parallel wire robot for cardiac interventions. Prior work on controlling the movement of Cerberus required accurate knowledge of device geometry. In order to determine the geometry of the device in vivo, this paper presents work on developing an auto-calibration procedure to measure the geometry of the robot using force sensors to move injector. The presented auto-calibration routine is able to identify the shape of the device to within 0.5 mm and 0.9°.
Inhibition of Growth of Escherichia coli and of Homoserine O-Transsuccinylase by α-Methylmethionine

The methionine analogue, α-methylmethionine, inhibits bacterial growth, but its action is overcome by methionine, homocysteine, and cystathionine. The effect of the analogue on growth is attributed to its ability to mimic methionine as a feed-back inhibitor of the first enzyme specific to methionine biosynthesis. This conclusion is based on the findings that (i) α-methylmethionine inhibits excretion of O-succinylhomoserine, the product of the first enzyme, by a methionine auxotroph unable to convert succinylhomoserine to cystahionine, and that (ii) the enzyme homoserine O-transsuccinylase is inhibited by α-methylmethionine in extracts of Escherichia coli. α-Methylmethionine also inhibits methionyl-ribonucleic acid synthetase in extracts, but this inhibition probably does not affect growth.
Adaptation of the American Democratic Party in an Era of Globalization

The Democratic Party in the United States is fundamentally different from European social democratic parties because it never espoused socialism and its flirtation with social democracy a hundred years ago was relatively brief. The exigencies of American electoral politics instead demanded that the Democratic Party build an electoral base wider than the working class, though it is a base that has always included a large fraction of the working class. The economic transformation of the late twentieth century is now changing the composition of the Democratic Party and its policy orientation. This essay is an exploration of these changes in the Democratic Party's base of support and in its program. There have been two defining moments in the Democratic Party over the past one hundred years. These are the party realignments that involved the populist movement in the 1880s and 1890s, and the construction of the New Deal coalition in the 1930s. In the late nineteenth century, the populist movement created a far-reaching coalition between small farmers still prominent despite several decades of rapid industrialization and the emerging urban working class. A few decades later in such countries as Sweden, worker-farmer alliances would be the impetus behind the development of extensive welfare states. But the issues of the American populist movement were not those of social insurance or the redistribution of wealth. Rather, the primary concern was the
Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children

The Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children—Second Edition (KABC-II, Kaufman & Kaufman, 2004) measures the cognitive abilities and mental processing of children and adolescents between the ages of 3 years 0 months and 18 years 11 months. Administered individually, this clinical instrument consists of 16 subtests (plus a Delayed Recall scale) and provides examiners with a Nonverbal scale composed of subtests that can be administered in pantomime and responded to motorically. The Nonverbal Scale is especially useful for children who are hearing impaired or have limited English proficiency (Kaufman, Kaufman, Kaufman-Singer, & Kaufman, 2005). Keywords: intelligence; intelligence theory; IQ; IQ tests; Luria
Survival of the Unfittest: How Dodos Become Managers

This paper investigates the consequences of noisy evaluation of worker skills for skill investment and hiring. Individuals skew investment toward skills that most managers can best evaluate. In turn, this reinforces a tendency for managers to hire job applicants whose attributes they can best evaluate. In a dynamic context, where workers eventually become managers, managerial evaluation skills can become more and more skewed over time. Over the long haul, this has the effect of reducing both average employee productivity and the average quality of the job applicant pool. We distinguish two factors that affect a manager's ability to evaluate a particular skill: the manager's innate ability at that skill (nature), and his investment in the skill (nurture). We characterize how the dynamic evolution of the distributions of worker skill investments and worker productivity is affected by the relative importance of "nature" versus "nurture" for managerial skill evaluation. Surprisingly, investment distortions are it magnified if some firms either (a) compensate managers with equity, rather than a share of profit, in order to induce managers to internalize the future evaluation consequences of their hiring decisions, or (b) strategically select the managerial expertise of their personnel department; unless both (i) identifying whether a worker is skilled matters more than distinguishing among skilled workers, and (ii) the initial investment distortions are sufficiently small. Finally, we show that short-run affirmative action policies can be effective only if hiring more multi-skilled workers matters more than distinguishing among workers according to a single skill.
Analysis of the hidden node problem in HIPERLAN

We present analysis of the HIPERLAN channel access control (CAC) protocol in an ad hoc wireless network assuming partially connected topologies. We derive expressions for the probability of success and capacity as a function of the number of hidden node pairs. More complex hidden node scenarios are analyzed using simulations. Significant degradation in performance was observed especially for the nodes in the overlapping regions. In particular, we show that an independent HIPERLAN operating in the overlapping region can be blocked for a long period of time assuming heavy load in the surrounding networks.
The permeability of mammalian nonkeratinized oral epithelia to horseradish peroxidase applied in vivo and in vitro

Horseradish peroxidase, an intercellular tracer, was injected sub-epithelially beneath keratinized gingiva and a variety of nonkeratinized oral epithelia. Fresh tissue biopsies from the same regions were also incubated with this tracer for 1 h. In separate experiments, horseradish peroxidase was applied topically to biopsies of oral mucosa maintained in tissue culture for periods up to 12 h. All specimens were treated so as to visualize the site of peroxidase penetration and the tissues were examined with the light and electron microscopes. In all the epithelia, a surface barrier was evident from which the tracer had been excluded. This was often narrow in the thin, nonkeratinized epithelia and could only be identified unambiguously with the electron microscope. Membrane-coating granules of the so-called nonkeratinized type were invariably associated with superficial plasma membrane of epithelial cells at the level where the barrier was first seen. The results suggest that a permeability barrier exists to horseradish peroxidase in all nonkeratinized oral epithelia with a similar location to that seen in the keratinized oral tissues. However, results obtained with a water-soluble tracer such as horseradish peroxidase may not apply to many drugs, the ready absorption of which may reflect their high lipid solubility.
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of metastases to the pancreas: A study of 25 cases

Background: Metastases to the pancreas are an uncommon cause of pancreatic masses seen on endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA). The purpose of this study is to retrospectively review the cytomorphology, clinical findings, and results of ancillary studies in a large series of these unusual cases. Materials and Methods: We searched our institution's pathology database for EUS-guided FNAs of the pancreas that were diagnostic of metastatic tumor over a 5-year period. The final cytologic diagnosis, results of ancillary studies, corresponding histological material, and clinical follow-up data were reviewed in these cases. Results: A total of 1172 pancreatic EUS-guided FNAs were identified, of which 25 cases (2.1%) had a confirmed diagnosis of a pancreatic metastasis. This included 12 (48%) cases of renal cell carcinoma, 3 (12%) melanomas, 3 (12%) small cell carcinomas, and 7 (28%) other malignancies. In these metastatic tumors involving the pancreas, 20 (80%) of the lesions were solitary. Four (16%) cases had no prior history of malignancy. The average time to diagnosis of pancreatic metastasis was 5.3 years. Immunohistochemistry and special stains were performed in 22 (88%) and 9 (36%) cases, respectively. Conclusions: Our data shows that although metastases to the pancreas are rare, they can present as a solitary mass many years after the primary malignancy is diagnosed and can even be the first manifestation of an extrapancreatic primary in a small number of cases. It is important to consider the possibility of a metastatic lesion in the pancreas because this may require a different management than a primary pancreatic tumor.
Temperature effects upon the expression of a high oleic acid trait in soybean

Soybeans (Glycine max L. Merr. cvs. N78-2245 and Dare) were grown to maturity under controlled environments to investigate temperature effects upon the fatty acid composition of developing seed. These genotypes exhibited genetic differences in oleic acid (18:1) content. Mature seed from N78-2245 germplasm normally contained ca. 43 mol% 18:1, and Dare seed contained ca. 18 mol% 18:1. When grown at 30/26 C or 22/18 C, the overall response of these genotypes to temperature resulted in lower 18:1 and higher linoleic (18:2) and linolenic (18:3) acid concentrations in mature seed. However, the genotypic response was much more pronounced in N78-2245 seed than in Dare seed. The basis for these genotypic differences appeared to be related to temperature effects upon the differentiation of the 18:1-synthetic and 18:1-desaturation mechanisms during seed development. Although the high-18:1 trait was expressed during N78-2245 seed development at both temperatures, high-18:1 glycerolipids accumulated during a shorter developmental period at 22/18 C than at 30/26 C. At 30/26 C, glycerolipids containing greater than 50% 18:1 were deposited between 20 and 45 days after flowering (DAF) and accounted for 84% (w/w) of the oil in mature seed. At 22/18 C, glycerolipids with similar fatty acid composition were formed between 30 and 45 DAF and accounted for only 40% (w/w) of the oil. Temperature effects upon 18:1-desaturation also appeared to mediate the overall differences in unsaturated fatty acid composition in these genotypes. The 18:1-desaturation mechanism in N78-2245 seed was more sensitive to temperature than that in Dare seed. These genotype-treatment combinations were ranked by degree of 18:1-desaturation in the order: Dare (22/18 C) = Dare (30/26 C) ≥ N78-2245 (22/18 C) > N78-2245 (30/26 C). It was proposed that the ranking of these genotype-treatment combinations may be attributed, in part, to the tissue levels of the 18:1-desaturase enzymes in soybean seed grown at different temperatures.
The development of the self-regulation of withholding negative emotions questionnaire

Based on the Self-Determination Theory, a questionnaire was developed to measure individual differences in the Self-Regulation of Withholding Negative Emotions (SRWNE). Measurement reliability and validity concerning the scale were examined in three studies. Results in Study 1 demonstrated the distinctiveness of the SRWNE from emotional regulation measures, suggesting that the SRWNE may be appropriate to measure styles of self-regulation and to clarify the negative affect-health relation. In Study 2, test-retest reliability of scores on the SRWNE subscales was examined as was validity of the SRWNE with respect to coping strategies and health. The SRWNE was related to self-reports of health and may be relevant for predicting how people cope with stress. Study 3 compared a Korean sample with the U.S. sample in Study 2 and suggested construct comparability of the SRWNE across cultures and genders.
Estimating the square root of a density via compactly supported wavelets

A large body of nonparametric statistical literature is devoted to density estimation. Overviews are given in Silverman (1986) and Izenman (1991). This paper addresses the problem of univariate density estimation in a novel way. Our approach falls in the class of the so-called projection estimators, introduced by Cencov (1962). The orthonormal basis used is a basis of compactly supported wavelets from Daubechies' family. Kerkyacharian and Picard (1992, 1993), Donoho et al. (1996), and Delyon and Juditsky (1993), among others, applied wavelets in density estimation. The local nature of wavelet functions makes the wavelet estimator superior to projection estimators that use classical orthonormal bases (Fourier, Hermite, etc.) Instead of estimating the unknown density directly, we estimate the square root of the density, which enables us to control the positiveness and the L1-norm of the density estimate. However, in that approach one needs a pre-estimator of the density to calculate sample wavelet coefficients. We describe VISUSTOP, a data-driven procedure for determining the maximum number of levels in the wavelet density estimator. Coefficients in the selected levels are thresholded to make the estimator parsimonious. Our method is illustrated on the Galaxy velocity data set (Roeder, 1990) and implemented in S-Plus. The method can be readily extended to a multidimensional case and other wavelet bases.
The HathiTrust Corpus: A Digital Library for Musicology Research?

The HathiTrust Digital Library (HTDL) consists of digitized print materials contributed from the collections of some of the foremost research libraries of the world. The HTDL contains over 11 million volumes comprising approximately 3.9 billion pages. In this paper, we describe an exploratory bibliometric study to examine and characterize music-related content in the HTDL. Our study provides an overview of the music-related content in the HTDL as seen through the lenses of format, genre, language, and chronology. We seek to determine in what ways, if any, the materials in HTDL could be considered to form a unique music digital library for use by musicology scholars and students. We also suggest ways in which the music-related content of the HTDL holdings could be made more useful to users with musicological needs and interests.
Software-controlled transparent management of heterogeneous memory resources in virtualized systems

This paper presents a software-controlled technique for managing the heterogeneous memory resources of next generation multicore platforms with fast 3D die-stacked memory and additional slow off-chip memory. Implemented for virtualized server systems, the technique detects the 'hot' pages critical to program performance in order to then maintain them in the scarce fast 3D memory resources. Challenges overcome for the technique's implementation include the need to minimize its runtime overheads, the lack of hypervisor-level direct visibility into the memory access behavior of guest virtual machines, and the need to make page migration transparent to guests. This paper presents hypervisor-level mechanisms that (i) build a page access history of virtual machines, by periodically scanning page-table access bits and (ii) intercept guest page table operations to create mirrored page-tables and enable guest-transparent page migration. The methods are implemented in the Xen hypervisor and evaluated on a larger scale multicore platform. The resulting ability to characterize the memory behavior of representative server workloads demonstrates the feasibility of software-managed heterogeneous memory resources.
Clock Drawing in Children With Perinatal Stroke

Abstract Background Children with perinatal stroke may show evidence of contralateral spatial neglect. The goal of this study was to determine whether the Clock Drawing Test commonly used in adults to identify neglect would be effective in detecting neglect in children with perinatal stroke. Methods Thirty-eight individuals (age range 6-21 years) with left hemisphere or right hemisphere perinatal onset unilateral lesions and 179 age-matched controls were given a free-drawn Clock Drawing Test in a cross-sectional design. An adapted scoring system that evaluated right- and left-sided errors separately was developed as part of the investigation. Results Children with right hemisphere lesions made a greater number of errors on both the right and left sides of the clock drawings in all age subgroups (6-8 years, 9-14 years, and 15-21 years) compared with controls. Children with right hemisphere lesions showed greater left and right errors in the younger groups compared with controls, with significantly poorer performance on the left at 6-8 years, suggestive of contralateral neglect. However, by ages 15-21 years, the right hemisphere lesion subjects no longer differed from controls. Conclusions Clock drawing can identify spatial neglect in children with early hemispheric damage. However, brain development is a dynamic process, and as children age, spatial neglect may no longer be evident. These findings demonstrate the limitations of predicting long-term outcome after perinatal stroke from early neurocognitive data. Children with perinatal stroke may require different neural pathways to accomplish specific skills or to overcome deficits, but ultimately they may have "typical" outcomes.
ω‐Conotoxin Inhibits the Acute Activation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase and the Stimulation of Norepinephrine Release by Potassium Depolarization of Sympathetic Nerve Endings

Increased Ca2+ influx serves as a signal that initiates multiple biochemical and physiological events in neurons following depolarization. The most widely studied of these phenomena is the release of neurotransmitters. In sympathetic neurons, depolarization also increases the rate of synthesis of the transmitter norepinephrine (NE), via an activation of the enzyme tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), and this effect also seems to involve Ca2+ entry. We have examined whether the mechanism of Ca2+ entry relevant to TH activation is via voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels and, if so, whether the type of Ca2+ channel involved is the same as that involved in the stimulation of NE release. We have investigated the isolated rat iris, allowing us to examine transmitter biosynthesis and release in sympathetic nerve terminals in the absence of sympathetic cell bodies and dendrites. Potassium depolarization produced a three- to fivefold increase in TH activity and an approximately 100-fold increase in NE release. Both effects were dependent on Ca2+ being present in the extracellular medium, and both were inhibited by omega-conotoxin (1 microM), which inhibits N-type voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. In contrast, the dihydropyridine nimodipine (1-3 microM), which blocks L-type Ca2+ channels, had no effect on either measure. These data support the hypothesis that increases in NE biosynthesis and release in sympathetic nerve terminals during periods of depolarization are both initiated by an influx of Ca2+ through voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels and that a similar type of Ca2+ channel is involved in both processes.
Tuning Substrate Surface Energies for Blends of Polystyrene and Poly(methyl methacrylate)

We compare the efficacies of three preparation methods intended to create in an easy and inexpensive way a nonpreferential surface for a two-component homopolymer blend of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate). The first method is to physically absorb two different high molecular weight copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate onto hydroxylated silicon oxide. The second method consists of covalently bonding octyltrichlorosilane onto hydroxylated silicon oxide with gradient coverage to create a region with a neutral surface. The third method utilizes hydroxyl terminated, miscible, low molecular weight homopolymers of polystyrene and poly(methyl methacrylate) covalently attached to the substrate. We characterize the relative effectiveness of all three methods and their temporal stability using optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy, contact angle measurements, as well as near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) microscopy and spectroscopy. The preparation methods explored should be extendable to a number of polymer systems.
More eigenvalue estimates

Estimates of the eigenvalues of the Sturm-Liouville problem -y+q(x)y = @ly"1y(0) = 0 = y(1) are obtained by making linear approximations of q(x) over subintervals of [0, 1] when q(x) has a bounded second derivative.
Chemical trapping and crystal structure of a catalytic tRNA guanine transglycosylase covalent intermediate

Prokaryotic tRNA guanine transglycosylase (TGT) catalyzes replacement of guanine (G) by 7-aminomethyl-7-deazaguanine (PreQ1) at the wobble position of four specific tRNAs. Addition of 9-deazaguanine (9dzG) to a reaction mixture of Zymomonas mobilis TGT and an RNA substrate allowed us to trap, purify and crystallize a chemically competent covalent intermediate of the TGT-catalyzed reaction. The crystal structure of the TGT–RNA–9dzG ternary complex at a resolution of 2.9 A reveals, unexpectedly, that RNA is tethered to TGT through the side chain of Asp280. Thus, Asp280, instead of the previously proposed Asp102, acts as the nucleophile for the reaction. The RNA substrate adopts an unusual conformation, with four out of seven nucleotides in the loop region flipped out. Interactions between TGT and RNA revealed by the structure provide the molecular basis of the RNA substrate requirements by TGT. Furthermore, reaction of PreQ1 with the crystallized covalent intermediate provides insight into the necessary structural changes required for the TGT-catalyzed reaction to occur.
Assembling mesoscopic systems with holographic optical traps

Holographic optical trapping uses forces exerted by computer-generated holograms to organize microscopic materials into three-dimensional structures. Achieving and verifying accurate three-dimensional placement requires methods for assessing the accuracy of the projected traps' geometry, as well as methods for measuring trapped objects' three-dimensional positions. Volumetric imaging of the projected trapping pattern solves one problem. Holographic video microscopy addresses the other. The combination is exceptionally effective for organizing, inspecting and analyzing soft-matter systems.
Some legal aspects of expert systems

Abstract As expert systems become more popular, the possibility of lawsuits arising from their use becomes increasingly evident. The expert system developer needs to be aware of important legal concepts associated with an expert system's development and deployment. This paper will primarily explore the rights to intellectual property associated with an expert system and liability for malfunction of an expert system.
Synthesis of structural/control systems robust with respect to design variable tolerances

A methodology is presented for the synthesis of control augmented structures which can be modeled as an assemblage of beam, truss, and nonstructural mass elements augmented by a robust noncollocated direct output feedback control system. The control system is robust in the sense that it can tolerate manufacturing and realization errors. The robust control system is synthesized using a constraint buffering technique in conjunction with the approximation concepts approach to system synthesis. All of the design constraints on the system, including the dynamic stability, are buffered by a nonlinear quantity that is a function of acceptable tolerances on the design variables and the sensitivity of the constraints to changes in these design variables. Numerical results which illustrate the effectiveness of the method presented are given.
An Analysis of Korean-Immigrant-Owned Small-Business Start-Ups with Comparisons to African-American- and Nonminority-Owned Firms

Social resources available from peer and community support networks may have little impact on small-business viability. In this study, the author finds that differences between Korean-immigrant-owned small businesses and African-American firms exist because Korean entrepreneurs are more apt to be highly educated and wealthy. Koreans invest heavily in small businesses, but their returns are often meager; per dollar of invested capital, the sales and profits of Korean firms lag behind those of African-Americans. Self-employment appears to be a form of underemployment for many Koreans.
Effect of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on osteopenia induced by prednisolone in adult rats

Adult male rats were fed a diet containing 0.15% calcium, 0.3% phosphorus, and either 100, 50, or 20 mg of prednisolone per kg of diet. All these levels of prednisolone led to osteopenia, decreased intestinal absorption of calcium, slightly lower serum calcium and phosphorus, and a decreased level of serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3. Exogenous parenteral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 corrected steroid-induced changes in serum calcium and phosphorus, but could not completely correct the low intestinal calcium transport; nor did it prevent the development of osteopenia. The prednisolone-induced osteopenia seems at least in part to be caused by impaired intestinal calcium transport. The impaired calcium transport may be the result of low levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and a direct effect of presnisolone on the intestine.
Contribution of social factors to opiate-induced activation in the mouse.

Abstract Adult male Swiss-Webster mice of varying group size (single, or in groups of 2, 3, or 4) were injected with vehicle, or 25 or 50 mg/kg of morphine sulfate. In comparison with vehicle, morphine-injected mice showed heightened behavioral activity consisting mainly of stereotyped forward locomotion. This motor response was disproportionately enhanced by the presence of conspecifics. This suggests that morphine-induced activation of grouped animals reflects both individual activation responses and the further influence of social factors.