cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Communication Induced Checkpointing in Resource Constrained Embedded Systems

Reconfiguration-Based Fault-Tolerance is one approach for developing dependable safety-critical embedded applications. This approach, compared to traditional hardware and software redundancy, is a promising technique that may achieve the required dependability with a significant reduction in cost in terms of size, weight, price, and power consumption. Reconfiguration necessitates using proper checkpointing protocols to support state reservation and task migration. One of the most common approaches is to use Communication Induced Checkpointing (CIC) protocols, which are well developed and understood for large parallel and information systems, but not much has been done for resource limited embedded systems. This paper implements four common CIC protocols in a resource constrained distributed embedded system with a Controller Area Network (CAN) backbone. An example feedback control system implementation is used for a case study. The four implemented protocols are described and performances are contrasted. The paper compares the protocols in terms of network bandwidth consumptions, CPU usages, checkpointing times, and checkpoint sizes in additional to the traditional measures of forced to local checkpoint rations and total number of checkpoints.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Science-based parameterizations for dynamical spatiotemporal models

Most real-world processes change with time, and the manner in which they change through time often depends on their location in space. Statistical models for such spatiotemporal processes fall into one of two broad categories: descriptive spatiotemporal models and dynamic spatiotemporal models. Descriptive spatiotemporal models are based on the joint specification of first-order and second-order moments (i.e., mean and covariance, respectively). Dynamical spatiotemporal models specify the joint distribution through a series of conditional probability models that model the current process conditioned on the process at the previous time point(s). A common pitfall with dynamic spatiotemporal models is the so-called curse of dimensionality, where the number of parameters in the model can increase by orders of magnitude as the number of spatial locations increase. As a result, dynamic spatiotemporal models are over-parameterized in most situations. However, dynamical models being truer to the etiology of the scientific process than descriptive models, it is typically easier to use a priori knowledge of the process dynamics to motivate statistical parameterization, reducing the dimensionality of the parameter space and overcoming the curse of dimensionality. We provide an overview of several methods of using a priori scientific knowledge to motivate the parameterization of a dynamic spatiotemporal model, including mechanistically motivated statistical modeling, computer models, and computer model emulation. WIREs Comput Stat 2012, 4:554–560. doi: 10.1002/wics.1227 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website
Precision farming protocols. part 2. comparison of sampling approaches for precision phosphorus management

Abstract Research is needed to compare the different techniques for developing site‐specific phosphorus (P) recommendations on a field‐wide basis. The objective of this study was to determine the impact different techniques for developing site‐specific P recommendation maps on yield and profitability. Enterprise analysis combined with a crop simulation model and detailed field characterization was used to estimate the value of spatial P information in a system where N was not limiting. The systems evaluated were continuous corn (Zea mays) and corn and soybean (Gfycine max) rotations where sampling and fertilizer applications were applied annually and semi‐annually, respectively. The sampling techniques tested were: (i) an unfertilized P control; (ii) whole field; (iii) whole field plus historic information (feedlot); (iv) landscape positions; (v) soil type; (vi) soil type plus historic information (feedlot); and (vii) 90‐m grid sampling. The finding of this study were based on soil samples collected from ...
Catalytic de-ligation of bis(arene)iron dications upon electro-reduction

Bis(arene)iron(II) dications (Ar2Fe2+) suffer the facile loss of aromatic ligands with Ar  hexamethylbenzene (HMB), durene (DUR), and mesitylene (MES), when acetonitrile solutions are exposed to reducing conditions. Electrocatalysis of the arene deligation is established during the controlled cathodic reduction of Ar2Fe2=+ by catalytic turnover numbers of 20, 75 and 150 for Ar  HMB, DUR and MES. Cyclic voltammetry of Ar2Fe2+ reveals a pair of waves P1 and P2 for the 1-electron couples Ar2Fe2+/+ and Ar2Fe+/0, respectively, the chemical reversibility of which depends on the donor strength of the arene ligand in order: Ar  HMB > DUR > MES. The detailed examination of the dependence of the peak current ratio ipa/ipc for P1 with the CV sweep rate points to the monocation Ar2Fe+ as the labile intermediate leading to arene deligation. The mechanistic discussion for electrocatalysis centers around the further oxidation of the metastable Fe(NCCH3)6 at the electrode (ECE) or by Ar2Fe2+ (HOMO). First-order rate constants for the deligation of the neutral Ar2Fe0 are also evaluated from the CV analysis of P2.
Nutrition education for cross-cultural bilingual paraprofessionals

Summary Periodically conducting a comprehensive and systematic review of instructional activities, in addition to routine evaluation and revision, is important. The results of such a review may lead to changes that will significantly improve the learning situation. When working with cross cultural bilingual paraprofessionals, it is helpful to determine the effective reading levels of the participants. A short, non-threatening test of reading ability can easily be administered at the start of a workshop. This allows the instructor to adapt methods and techniques used in the workshop. For example, the instructor could increase use of audio-visual materials and hands-on experiences for a lower reading level group. By conducting the test over a period of time, N&DTP was able to improve and modify handout materials to a more appropriate reading level. By following this procedure, the N&DTP hopes to train IHS and Tribal program employees to bring about positive lifestyle changes on their reservations and in their communities in a more effective way. In this way, the nutrition training provided will have long term effects on the health of the Indian communities represented in the workshops.
Histologic characteristics of electrosurgical injuries

Abstract Study Objective . To describe the wide variation of histologic characteristics produced by electrosurgical burns. Design . Retrospective analysis. Setting . University-associated teaching hospital. Subjects . Pigs and dogs. Interventions . Various power settings were employed with both monopolar and bipolar electrodes to incur electrosurgical damage. Animals were followed for up to 96 hours after injury. Measurements and Main Results . Histologic analysis yielded characteristics of electrosurgical damage including areas of complete necrosis and coagulation, perivascular changes, endothelial damage, and hyperchromic pyknotic nuclei. White cell infiltration was seen only at the margin of necrotic zones of coagulation. Conclusion . The wide spectrum of histology from electrosurgical burns is primarily a result of the area that is sampled. Surgeons should actively investigate any, postsurgical complications involving electrosurgery to obtain a definitive cause.
Characteristics of Impregnated Pancake Coils Fabricated Using REBCO Coated Conductors

REBCO coated conductors are expected high performance in superconducting applications because of their high current density and high mechanical strength. However, in order to use these conductors in superconducting applications, a technique is required for fabricating impregnated REBCO coils without degradation.In this work, we fabricated six pancake coils without degradation using wounded REBCO coated conductors. These conductors were laminated with a copper tape as a stabilizer, and were fabricated by the IBAD/PLD method. In addition, we evaluated the V-I characteristics and n-values of the coils in liquid nitrogen and compared the calculated and measured values for the critical current (Tc) of the REBCO coated conductors. The measured Tc of the coils were in good agreement with the calculated ones. Furthermore, we fabricated a stacked coil using an approximately 190 m long REBCO coated conductor and evaluated the stability of the stacked coil at 77, 60 and 50 K under conduction-cooled condition. The thermal runaway current of the stacked coil was 166.4 A, and the central magnetic field was 1.27 T at 50 K.
Frame-Based Approach To Database Management

Practical knowledge-based systems need to reason in terms of knowledge that is already available in databases. This type of knowledge is usually represented as tables acquired from external databases and published reports. Knowledge based systems provide a means for reasoning about entities at a higher level of abstraction. What is needed in many of today's expert systems is a link between the knowledge base and external databases. One such approach is a frame-based database management system. Package Expert (PEx) designs packages for integrated circuits. The thrust of our work is to bring together diverse technologies, data and design knowledge in a coherent system. PEx uses design rules to reason about properties of chips and potential packages, including dimensions, possible materials and packaging requirements. This information is available in existing databases. PEx needs to deal with the following types of information consistently: material databases which are in several formats; technology databases, also in several formats; and parts files which contain dimensional information. It is inefficient and inelegant to have rules access the database directly. Instead, PEx uses a frame-based hierarchical knowledge management approach to databases. Frames serve as the interface between rule-based knowledge and databases. We describe PEx and the use of frames in database retrieval. We first give an overview and the design evolution of the expert system. Next, we describe the system implementation. Finally, we describe how the rules in the expert system access the databases via frames.
The Relation Between Childhood Gender Nonconformity and Adult Masculinity–Femininity and Anxiety in Heterosexual and Homosexual Men and Women

Recalled childhood gender nonconformity (CGN) and adult traits—e.g., masculinity–femininity of occupational preferences (MF-Occ), self-ascribed masculinity–femininity (Self-MF), self-reported anxiety—were assessed in an ethnically diverse US convenience sample of California college students and gay pride attendees, including 238 heterosexual men, 127 gay men, 343 heterosexual women, and 197 lesbian women. CGN showed large heterosexual–homosexual and gender differences, with homosexual individuals higher than heterosexual individuals and women higher than men. CGN was significantly associated with both men’s and women’s MF-Occ and Self-MF, both within and across sexual orientations. CGN was associated with self-reported anxiety for men but not for women, a finding true for both heterosexual and gay men, suggesting that CGN had a more negative impact on men than women.
Abstract C15: RB status alters the response of prostate cancer to ionizing radiation

Abstract Background: Prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer death in U.S. men. We have previously shown that RB loss results in a castrate resistant phenotype and impacts on the sensitivity of prostate cancer to different chemotherapies. However the consequences of RB status with regard to radiation response are unknown. We hypothesized that RB loss would downregulate the G1-S cell cycle checkpoint arrest normally induced by irradiation, inhibit DNA repair, and subsequently sensitize cells to ionizing radiation. Methods: Experimental work was performed with multiple isogenic prostate cancer cell lines (hormone sensitive: LNCaP and LAP-C4 cells and hormone resistant C42, 22Rv1 cells; stable knockdown of RB using shRNA). Gamma H2AX and 53BP1 assays were used to quantitate DNA damage; PARP cleavage and Caspase 3 were used to quantitate apoptosis; FACS analysis with BrdU was used to assess the cell cycle; beta galactosidase was used to assess senescence. Cell survival was measured using the clonogenic cell survival assay. In vivo work was performed in nude mice with tumor xenografts. Results: We observed that loss of RB increased the radioresponsiveness in both transient and clonogenic cell survival assays in both hormone sensitive and castrate resistant cell lines (p Conclusions: Loss of RB results in a differential response to ionizing radiation. Isogenic cells with RB knockdown are more sensitive to DNA damage and result in reduced cell survival. The underlying mechanism appears to be related to DNA damage repair and cellular senescence. Citation Format: Robert B. Den, Steve Ciment, Ankur Sharma, Hestia Mellert, Steve McMahon, Adam P. Dicker, Karen E. Knudsen. RB status alters the response of prostate cancer to ionizing radiation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr C15.
Driven to Distraction: Dual-Task Studies of Simulated Driving and Conversing on a Cellular Telephone

Dual-task studies assessed the effects of cellular-phone conversations on performance of a simulated driving task. Perfor- mance was not disrupted by listening to radio broadcasts or listening to a book on tape. Nor was it disrupted by a continuous shadowing task using a handheld phone, ruling out, in this case, dual-task inter- pretations associated with holding the phone, listening, or speaking. However, significant interference was observed in a word-generation variant of the shadowing task, and this deficit increased with the diffi- culty of driving. Moreover, unconstrained conversations using either a handheld or a hands-free cell phone resulted in a twofold increase in the failure to detect simulated traffic signals and slower reactions to those signals that were detected. We suggest that cellular-phone use disrupts performance by diverting attention to an engaging cognitive context other than the one immediately associated with driving. crease in the likelihood of getting into an accident, and that this increased risk was comparable to that found for driving with a blood alcohol level above the legal limit. In addition, these authors found no reliable safety advantages for those individuals who used a hands-free cellular device. The authors concluded that the interference associated with cell-phone use was due to attentional factors rather than to pe- ripheral factors such as holding the phone. The field studies of Redelmeier and Tibshirani (1997) establish a correlation between cell-phone use and motor-vehicle accidents, but they do not necessarily imply that use of cell phones causes an increase in accident rates. There may be self-selection factors creating an asso- ciation between cell-phone use and accidents. For example, people who drive and use their cell phone may be more likely to engage in risky behavior, and this increase in risk taking may underlie the corre- lation. Similarly, being in a highly emotional state may increase one's likelihood of driving erratically and may also increase one's likelihood of talking on the cell phone. In order to assess the possible causal rela- tionship between cell-phone use and automobile accidents, carefully controlled experiments, such as the ones described in this report, are needed.
Steady-state finite-element solver for rotor eddy currents in permanent-magnet machines using a shooting-Newton/GMRES approach

This paper presents a two-dimensional steady-state finite-element solver, incorporating mechanical motion, that calculates eddy-current losses in the rotors of permanent-magnet machines. A shooting-Newton method is used to determine the periodic solution of the electromagnetics. Computation of the shooting-Newton Jacobian is avoided by using a generalized minimum residual (GMRES) linear solver. This method is more computationally efficient than performing transient analysis until convergence. The solver can be used to compare the rotor losses of different design choices for a high-speed permanent-magnet machine. Results show that rotor losses can be reduced significantly by laminating the rotor backiron, segmenting the permanent-magnet poles, increasing the number of stator slots, and closing the stator slots.
Peripheral influences on the size and organization of somatotopic representations in the fetal rat cortex

Nerve lesions at different fetal ages and on the day of birth were used to determine the role of the periphery in establishing territories devoted to representations of different portions of the body surface in rat somatosensory cortex. Transection of the infraorbital nerve (ION), the trigeminal branch that supplies the whisker pad, resulted in a significant reduction in the area within the primary somatosensory cortex devoted to the representation of the mystacial vibrissae in fetal, but not newborn, rats. Such lesions in fetal, but not neonatal, rats also resulted in significant increases in the cortical area devoted to the representation of the lower lip and jaw. There was a significant positive correlation between the reduction in the vibrissae representation and the expansion of that of the lower lip and jaw. Damage to the ION in either neonatal or fetal rats failed to increase significantly the amount of cortex devoted to the representation of the forepaw. These results indicate that the primary afferent innervation of the periphery does influence the amounts of cortex devoted to representations of different parts of the body surface and that the representation of one region can expand significantly when that of another body part is reduced.
Measurements of Turbulent Velocity and Temperature Fluctuations in the Wake of a Sphere

Decay of mean, variance, and gradient variance of temperature and velocity were measured in the initially heated wake of a sphere in a water tunnel. Dissipation rates of turbulent kinetic energy by viscosity and of thermal variance by conduction within the wake were obtained by differentiation of the measured variance decay and also from direct measurement of the gradient variances. Both dissipation rates were found to decrease with stream wise distance x approximately as #~ 2-4 for up to 60 diam from the sphere. Small-scale temperature and velocity fluctuations were found to be approximately homogeneous for cross sections of the wake normal to the flow. No region of continuous turbulence was found in the sphere wake, even on the wake axis. A velocity spectrum measured on the wake axis normalized using the measured viscous dissipation rate was found to be in good agreement with spectra from other turbulent systems also normalized by Kolmogoroif scaling.
Review of A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using Stata by Rabe-Hesketh and Everitt

This article reviews A Handbook of Statistical Analyses Using Stata by Rabe-Hesketh and Everitt.
Isoprenylcysteine Methylation and Demethylation Regulate Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis

Isoprenylated proteins bear an isoprenylcysteine methyl ester at the C terminus. Although isoprenylated proteins have been implicated in meristem development and negative regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, the functional role of the terminal methyl group has not been described. Here, we show that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants overproducing isoprenylcysteine methyltransferase (ICMT) exhibit ABA insensitivity in stomatal closure and seed germination assays, establishing ICMT as a negative regulator of ABA signaling. By contrast, transgenic plants overproducing isoprenylcysteine methylesterase (ICME) exhibit ABA hypersensitivity in stomatal closure and seed germination assays. Thus, ICME is a positive regulator of ABA signaling. To test the hypothesis that ABA signaling is under feedback regulation at the level of isoprenylcysteine methylation, we examined the effect of ABA on ICMT and ICME gene expression. Interestingly, ABA induces ICME gene expression, establishing a positive feedback loop whereby ABA promotes ABA responsiveness of plant cells via induction of ICME expression, which presumably results in the demethylation and inactivation of isoprenylated negative regulators of ABA signaling. These results suggest strategies for metabolic engineering of crop species for drought tolerance by targeted alterations in isoprenylcysteine methylation.
Transient modeling of a catalytic converter to reduce nitric oxide in automobile exhaust

Mathematical models are developed to study the catalytic reduction of nitric oxide contained in automobile exhaust in which the temperature, flow rate, and concentrations of various species vary widely with time. The quasi-static approximation is compared to the fully dynamic model. In the quasi-static model all processes are steady state except for the solid temperature and inlet conditions. Suggestions are given for deciding a priori if the quasi-static model is appropriate. Suggestions are also given for integrating the quasi-static equations in order to minimize errors compared to the dynamic model. The performance of three different catalysts is examined with the mathematical model, when the inlet conditions correspond to typical values of temperature, flow rate, and concentration when the automobile is operated according to the Federal Test Procedure.
Modification of PES Membrane: Reduction of Biofouling and Improved Flux Recovery

A 0.22 µm polyethersulfone microfiltration membrane was modified using acrylic acid irradiated with UV light. The degree of grafting (DG) was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy, which varied from 21 to 568 µg/cm2 for differing irradiation times and initial monomer concentrations. The contact angle of the modified membranes was at least 10° less than the unmodified PES membrane. Modification filled the pores with copolymer, and decreased the permeability of the membrane. However, following the filtration of E. coli, and membrane cleaning, the flux recovery was 100% for the modified membranes and only 50% for the unmodified membranes. Thus, the modification helped in showing reversible biofouling and higher flux recovery.
Quand la mère est plus que responsable du devenir de sa progéniture : les mutations à effet maternel

Les mutations a effet maternel affectent les genes qui codent pour des facteurs maternels (transcrits, proteines) normalement stockes dans l’ovocyte et utilises par l’embryon apres la fecondation. Alors que les femelles porteuses de ces mutations sont viables et d’apparence normale, le developpement ou meme la survie de leur descendance est compromis. Connues jusqu’ici chez les organismes inferieurs tels que la drosophile ou le poisson zebre, les mutations a effet maternel (Dnmt, Hsf1 et Mater) ont ete decouvertes plus recemment chez les mammiferes. Ces nouvelles donnees ouvrent la perspective d’une meilleure comprehension des mecanismes du developpement embryonnaire qui sont directement sous le controle de l’ovocyte.
Metallographic Methods Applied to Ultrathinning Lunar Rocks, Meteorites, Fossils, and Other Brittle Materials for Optical Microscopy

Petrography is an old method, and thin sections of thirty micron thickness have been used for well over 100 years. Indeed, early petrographers, such as H. C. Sorby, actually started metallography on its way. Since Sorby’s day, metallography and the preparation of metallic specimens have come a long way. During the same period, optical petrography has remained very static and conservative.
Caregiver Preferences Regarding Personal Health Records in the Management of ADHD

Objective. Personal health records (PHRs) may address the needs of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Among parents, we assessed acceptance, barriers, and intentions regarding use of PHR for their children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Methods. Survey of parents from 3 practices in Rochester, NY. Stepwise logistic regression analysis explored factors predicting respondents’ intentions for future use of PHR, accounting for care coordination needs, caregiver education, socioeconomic status, and satisfaction with providers. Results. Of 184 respondents, 23% had used the PHR for their child, 82% intended future use. No difference was observed between users and nonusers regarding gender, age, race, or education. Users were more likely than nonusers to reside in the suburbs (P = .03). Caregivers were more likely to plan future use of the PHR if they felt engaged as partners in their child’s care (adjusted odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval = 1.2, 4.5). Conclusions. Pa...
Differences between Seed Bank Composition and Field Recruitment in a Temperate Zone Deciduous Forest

Abstract Although much is known about variation in both seed bank composition and disturbance effects in temperate deciduous forests, understanding of how these components interact to determine the importance of seed banks to regeneration is limited. To examine the interactive influences of seed bank composition and postdisturbance environment on seed bank recruitment, a seed bank transplant experiment was conducted in a disturbed temperate zone deciduous forest in eastern Pennsylvania. On average, 75% of the seed bank remained ungerminated. This was mainly the result of failed germination by alien species. The postdisturbance environment differed in its influence or the two dominant species, Rubus allegheniensis and Phytolacca americana. Whereas R. allegheniensis recruitment did not differ between postdisturbance environments, significantly more P. americana seedlings emerged under more open conditions. Different proportions of P. americana seeds germinated from the two seed bank sources. These results s...
Properties of non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall states at filling nu = k/r.

We compute the physical properties of non-Abelian fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states described by Jack polynomials at general filling $\ensuremath{\nu}=k/r$. For $r=2$, these states are the ${Z}_{k}$ Read-Rezayi parafermions, whereas for $rg2$ they represent new FQH states. The $r=k+1$ states, multiplied by a Vandermonde determinant, are a non-Abelian alternative construction of states at fermionic filling $2/5,3/7,4/9,\dots{}$. We obtain the thermal Hall coefficient, the quantum dimensions, the electron scaling exponent, and the non-Abelian quasihole propagator. The properties of the $rg2$ Jack polynomials indicate they are correlators of fields of nonunitary conformal field theories (CFT), but the CFT-FQH connection fails when invoked to compute physical properties such as the quasihole propagator. The quasihole wave function, written as a coherent state representation of Jack polynomials, has an identical structure for all non-Abelian states.
Trans(affective)mediation: feeling our way from paper to digitized zines and back again

ABSTRACTZines emerged as quintessentially print texts, with paper forming the vulnerable, palpable body of the text. Efforts to digitally archive zines promise to increase access to them and to extend their political projects. Particularly for minoritarian communities, digitization resonates as an urgent process with radical potential. Alongside such possibilities stand concerns about what it means and, particularly, how it feels to transform zines from paper to digital modes. Through engagement with the Queer Zine Archive Project and the POC (People of Color) Zine Project, we argue that transmediation of print zines into digital artifacts is rife with affective dynamics. In relation to these affective dynamics, we take a reflexive stance of ambivalence—not indifference, but rather a strongly felt set of disparate, sometimes dissonant or contradictory pulls toward and away from digitization. We offer the concept of trans(affective)mediation as an intervention that treats print zines and digital zines as d...
Psychology, the psychological, and critical praxis: A phenomenologist reads Frantz Fanon

This article situates the role of psychological investigations in analyses of social problems like colonialism and racism, via a phenomenological reading of the writings of Frantz Fanon. Emerging s...
Improving knowledge about prostate cancer: the development of an educational program for African-Americans.

Improving knowledge about prostate cancer: the development of an educational program for African-Americans
Sex Pheromones of Noctuid Moths. XVI. The Morphology of the Female Sex Pheromone Glands of Eight Species

In Autographa californica (Speyer), Pseudoplusia includens (Walker), and Rachiplusia ou (Guenee) (Plusiinae) the female sex pheromone gland is situated dorsally in the intersegmental membrane between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. The gland of P. includens is an eversible sac, but in A. californica and R. ou it may be either an eversible sac or an eversible fold. In Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) and Feltia subterranea (F.) (Amphipyrinae) the gland is an eversible sac situated ventrally in the intersegmental membrane between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments. The gland in Heliothis phloxiphaga Grote & Robinson, H. virescens (F.), and H. zea (Boddie) (Heliothinae) is a complete ring of glandular epithelium between the 8th and 9th abdominal segments, but in H. virescens the gland is more strongly developed ventrally. The glands of these 8 species are described and compared with the glands of Trichoplusia ni (Hubner) and Prodenia ornithogalli Guenee. Evidence of function of the glands is presented for Pseudoplusia includens, Prodenia ornithogalli, and H. virescens.
The Dynamics of Nanoparticle Growth and Phase Change During Synthesis of β-NaYF4

We implement a model for nanocrystal growth and crystallographic phase transition during the synthesis of β-NaYF4. In this model, the size of the α-phase nanoparticles, formed during the heating of the precursor materials, grows slightly in mean diameter and broadens in distribution width until some particles reach a size at which the β phase is thermodynamically favored. Individual particles crossing this threshold convert to the β phase, and then, being less soluble than the α phase, grow at the expense of dissolving α-phase particles. Implementing a straightforward kinetic formalism for individual particle growth and a variable phase definition depending on particle size, the model reproduces, in a quantitative fashion, the experimentally observed growth dynamics of β- NaYF4:Yb,Er. This work supports a hypothesis that the β-particle seeds arise from a phase transition in individual α-phase particles. The model also suggests that the great variability observed in the duration of the stage during which t...
From obedience to contagion: Discourses of power in Milgram, Zimbardo, and the Facebook experiment

When the public outcry concerning the ‘Facebook experiment’ began, many commentators drew parallels to controversial social science experiments from a prior era. The infamous Milgram (1963) and Zim...
On-Demand Spectrum Access

In this chapter, we present an application-oriented spectrum sharing architecture, called on-demand spectrum access (ODSA), to enable users to dynamically and efficiently share spectrum in a well-managed and streamlined architecture. Users can dynamically set up application-oriented virtual topologies to carry out specific applications such as a video conference. We discuss band allocation for this architecture, and present optimal algorithms.
Design and implementation of job shop rescheduling scheme based on human-computer interaction

The interference factors of input and response mechanism of job shop rescheduling process have been researched.A technical solution based on human-computer interaction has been proposed.Based the demand for real-time and efficient in the rescheduling process,a bi-objective rescheduling strategy for the least modifying production plans and the earliest task completion time has been proposed and verified with examples.
Study of pathogenic fungi from the sickcows with postpartum endometritis

To investigate the effect of pathogenic fungi infection on cow endometritis,the experiment selected the cows with endometritis on postnatal day 7 to 10,and detected fungus infection in uterus,determining the type by using isolated culture,nested PCR.The result showed that the detection rate of fungi of the cows with endometritis accounted for 10.6% in spring,15.2% in summer,21.1% in autumn and 18.1% in winter.The isolated fungi were Candida species.These results indicated that some of the cows with endometritis were caused by Candida infection.The infection was more in autumn and winter.The Candida could cause acute suppurative endometritis.
Plasma Androgens and Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in the Evaluation of Hirsute Females

Hirsutism is usually associated with increased testosterone (T) production and metabolic clearance rates. Considerable overlap of plasma T occurs between hirsute and normal groups. Plasma levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and the factor T/SHBG might separate hirsute patients from normal subjects better than plasma T. A group of 39 hirsute females and 22 normal ovulatory control subjects were studied. Plasma T, androstenedione, and dehydroepiandrosterone were measured by radioimmunoassay; apparent free T (AFT) by equilibrium dialysis; and SHBG by a method based on saturating the binding sites by labeled dihydrotestosterone. Mean levels of androgens and SHBG of the hirsute patients were significantly different from those of the normal subjects (P
SU-G-206-09: Consistent Low Contrast Detectability and Optimal Dose for Different Patient Sizes in Abdominal CT

Purpose: To study optimal dose dictated by consistent low contrast detectability for various patient sizes in abdominal CT. Methods: Seven realistically shaped tissue-equivalent abdomen phantoms (CIRS TE01–TE08) were utilized. Helical scans were performed on each phantom with GE 750 HD and Siemens mCT 64 at different dose levels. The images were reconstructed using comparable kernels (standard and Bf35 for GE and Siemens, respectively). The noise images, obtained using subtraction from adjacent slices, were partitioned into matrices of square cells matching different sizes of lesions (1.8 – 10 mm). The noise granularities were quantified by the standard deviation (σ) of the matrix cell pixel mean values distribution at each cell size. The minimum detectable contrast (MDC), defined as 3.29σ with 95% confidence of detectability, was obtained for each phantom at different doses. We proposed that the MDC is inversely proportional to the lesion size and to the square root of the size specific dose and the proportional factor is a function of phantom size. The MDC data was fitted against the lesion size and dose following the proposed model. Results: The simplified power law model was found to fit the minimum detectable contrast against the lesion and dose very well for various phantoms (R^2 > 0.983). The proportionality factor was found to fit the phantom equivalent diameter (L) to a Gaussian amplifier with R2 = 0.983 and to an exponential function with R^2 = 0.999, for GE HD750 and Siemens mCT 64, respectively. The parameters of the Gaussian amplifier varied with different scanners. To obtain the tube current-rotation time product (mAs) from the size specific dose (D), the relationship of D per 100 mAs versus L at 120 kVp was also presented for each scanner. Conclusion: The relationship of low contrast detectability and optimal dose across different patient sizes was successfully obtained.
How Nurse Work Environments Relate to the Presence of Parents in Neonatal Intensive Care.

2015 Small Grant Award "Fostering the Optimal Contribution of Nurses to Parental Engagement in Neonatal Intensive Care". Sigma Theta Tau International, Honor Society of Nursing ($5000). Sunny Hallowell, PhD (PI); Eileen Lake (Mentor).
A new ultralow-frequency bridge for dielectric measurements

A new bridge, operating in the frequency range 0.001–10,000 Hz, and featuring improved convenience of operation and high accuracy, has been built at the National Bureau of Standards, under NASA sponsorship. Though designed chiefly to measure dielectric properties, it is also capable of measuring the conductance of resistors in the range 108–1014 Ω. Large loss angles are no great problem. In the frequency range 0.01–15 Hz, capacitance resolution of 5 ppm and loss-angle resolution of 5 μrad is easily achieved. It is not yet known what resolution and accuracy will characterize the frequencies between 70 and 10, 000 Hz, but it is expected to diminish. Existing bridges cover this range better.
An intersectional approach for understanding the vulnerabilities of English-speaking heterosexual Caribbean youth to HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections: Prevention and intervention strategies.

Caribbean youth comprise about 30 percent of the English-speaking Caribbean population, and about 81,000 Caribbean and Latin American youth are HIV infected. AIDS is the leading cause of death for ...
Static Bubble: A Framework for Deadlock-Free Irregular On-chip Topologies

Future SoCs are expected to have irregular on-chip topologies, either at design time due to heterogeneity in the size of core/accelerator tiles, or at runtime due to link/node failures or power-gating of network elements such as routers/router datapaths. A key challenge with irregular topologies is that of routing deadlocks (cyclic dependence between buffers), since conventional XY or turn-model based approaches are no longer applicable. Most prior works in heterogeneous SoC design, resiliency, and power-gating, have addressed the deadlock problem by constructing spanning trees over the physical topology, messages are routed via the root removing cyclic dependencies. However, this comes at a cost of tree construction at runtime, and increased latency and energy for certain flows as they are forced to use non-minimal routes. In this work, we sweep the design space of possible topologies as the number of disconnected components (links/routers) increase, and demonstrate that while most of the resulting topologies are deadlock prone (i.e., have cycles), the injection rates at which they deadlock are often much higher than the injection rates of real applications, making the current solutions highly conservative. We propose a novel framework for deadlock-freedom called Static Bubble, that can be applied at design time to the underlying mesh topology, and guarantees deadlock-freedom for any runtime topology derived from this mesh due to power-gating or failure of router/link. We present an algorithm to augment a subset of routers in any n × m mesh (21 routers in a 64-core mesh) with an additional buffer called static bubble, such that any dependence chain has at least one static bubble. We also present the microarchitecture of a low-cost (less than 1% overhead) FSM at every router to activate one static bubble for deadlock recovery. Static Bubble enhances existing solutions for NoC resiliency and power-gating by providing up to 30% less network latency, 4x more throughput and 50% less EDP.
Factors influencing professional life satisfaction among neurologists.

Abstract Background Predicted shortages in the supply of neurologists may limit patients’ access to and quality of care for neurological disorders. Retaining neurologists already in practice provides one opportunity to support the overall supply of practicing neurologists. Understanding factors associated with professional life satisfaction (and dissatisfaction) and implementing policies to enhance satisfaction may encourage neurologists to remain in clinical practice. In this paper, we present results from the first study examining factors associated with professional life satisfaction among a large sample of U.S, neurologists. Methods We collaborated with the AAN to survey a sample of U.S. neurologists about their professional life satisfaction. Analyses examined the association of physician and practice characteristics with aspects of professional life satisfaction, including satisfaction with their career in medicine, medical specialty, current position, relationship with colleagues, relationship with patients, work/life balance, and pay. Results The study population consisted of 625 neurologists. In multivariate regression analyses, no single group or population stratum indicated high (or low) responses to all aspects of satisfaction. Older neurologists reported higher satisfaction with career, specialty, and relationship with patients than younger neurologists. Female neurologists had significantly lower satisfaction with pay than male neurologists. Neurologists who spent more time in research and teaching had greater satisfaction with specialty, relationship with colleagues, and relationship with patients than those spending no time in research. Neurologists who practiced in small cities/rural areas reported lower satisfaction across multiple dimensions than those practicing in large urban areas. Neurologists in solo practice had greater satisfaction with the relationship with their patients, but lower satisfaction with pay. Conclusions Satisfaction is a multidimensional construct that is associated with physician and practice characteristics. Enhancing professional life satisfaction among neurologists requires multiple strategies, such as promoting comparable wages for men and women, providing collaboration and research opportunities, and providing resources for small and rural practices.
How to Be a Function Pluralist

AbstractI distinguish two forms of pluralism about biological functions, between-discipline pluralism and within-discipline pluralism. Between-discipline pluralism holds that different theories of ...
Defining Papillary Carcinoma of the ThyroidA Short Review and Analysis

Objectives To review how changes in the pathologic definitions for papillary tumors of the thyroid during recent decades have affected outcomes for patients with these tumors. Methods Forty-nine previous reports or studies involving collectively 53,606 patients were reviewed, and new analyses were performed on the data to include analyses of agreement, incidence, survival, and diagnostic categories. Results The past emphasis on cytologic features to define papillary tumors has not resulted in ideal pairwise agreement between pathologists and has produced incidence and survival data suggesting overdetection and overdiagnosis. Most recently, tissue patterns have been reemphasized. Conclusions With the recent reemphasis on diagnostic tissue patterns (over cytologic criteria), agreements between pathologists for the diagnosis of papillary tumors should improve, and the incidence of papillary carcinoma should decline. Nevertheless, updated survival analyses demonstrate excellent long-term survival for most of those diagnosed with papillary carcinomas.
Group discovery time in device-to-device (D2D) proximity services (ProSe) networks

Device-to-device (D2D) communications for Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks relies on a discovery process to enable User Equipment (UE) to determine which D2D applications and services are supported by neighboring UEs. This is especially important for groups of UEs that operate outside the coverage area of any base station. The amount of time required for discovery information to reach every UE in a group depends on the number of UEs in the group and the dimensions of the discovery resource pool associated with the Physical Sidelink Discovery Channel (PSDCH); an additional factor is the half-duplex property of current UEs. In this paper, we use a Markov chain to characterize the performance of Mode 2 direct discovery. The resulting analytical model gives the distribution of the time for a UE to discover all other UEs in its group. We validate the model using Monte Carlo and network simulations.
Sleep in Hospitalized Older Adults

Hospitalization is a period of acute sleep deprivation for older adults owing to environmental, medical, and patient factors. Although hospitalized patients are in need of adequate rest and recovery during acute illness, older patients face unique risks owing to acute sleep loss during hospitalization. Sleep loss in the hospital is associated with worse health outcomes, including cardiometabolic derangements and an increased risk of delirium. Because older patients are at risk of polypharmacy and medication side effects, a variety of nonpharmacologic interventions are recommended first to improve sleep loss for hospitalized older adults.
Profilin reduces aggregation and phase separation of huntingtin N-terminal fragments by preferentially binding to soluble monomers and oligomers

Huntingtin N-terminal fragments (Htt-NTFs) with expanded polyglutamine tracts form a range of neurotoxic aggregates that are associated with Huntington's disease. Here, we show that aggregation of Htt-NTFs, irrespective of polyglutamine length, yields at least three phases (designated M, S, and F) that are delineated by sharp concentration thresholds and distinct aggregate sizes and morphologies. We found that monomers and oligomers make up the soluble M phase, ∼25-nm spheres dominate in the soluble S phase, and long, linear fibrils make up the insoluble F phase. Previous studies showed that profilin, an abundant cellular protein, reduces Htt-NTF aggregation and toxicity in cells. We confirm that profilin achieves its cellular effects through direct binding to the C-terminal proline-rich region of Htt-NTFs. We show that profilin preferentially binds to Htt-NTF M-phase species and destabilizes aggregation and phase separation by shifting the concentration boundaries for phase separation to higher values through a process known as polyphasic linkage. Our experiments, aided by coarse-grained computer simulations and theoretical analysis, suggest that preferential binding of profilin to the M-phase species of Htt-NTFs is enhanced through a combination of specific interactions between profilin and polyproline segments and auxiliary interactions between profilin and polyglutamine tracts. Polyphasic linkage may be a general strategy that cells utilize to regulate phase behavior of aggregation-prone proteins. Accordingly, detailed knowledge of phase behavior and an understanding of how ligands modulate phase boundaries may pave the way for developing new therapeutics against a variety of aggregation-prone proteins.
Codimension-two defects and Argyres-Douglas theories from outer-automorphism twist in 6d $(2,0)$ theories

The 6D (2,0) theory has codimension-one symmetry defects associated to the outer-automorphism group of the underlying the simply-laced Lie algebra of ADE type. These symmetry defects give rise to twisted sectors of codimension-two defects that are either regular or irregular corresponding to simple or higher order poles of the Higgs field. In this paper, we perform a systematic study of twisted irregular codimension-two defects generalizing our earlier work in the untwisted case. In a class S setup, such twisted defects engineer 4D $\mathcal{N}=2$ superconformal field theories of the Argyres-Douglas type whose flavor symmetries are (subgroups of) nonsimply laced Lie groups. We propose formulas for the conformal and flavor central charges of these twisted theories, accompanied by nontrivial consistency checks. We also identify the 2D chiral algebra (vertex operator algebra) of a subclass of these theories and determine their Higgs branch moduli space from the associated variety of the chiral algebra.