cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proactive source coding

A coding problem, over a slotted system, is introduced where the sender has to transmit one out of several packets to the receiver, but learns the request only at the beginning of each slot with prior statistical information about which packet is needed at the receiver. There is an associated cost of sending bits at each slot, and the goal is to minimize the expected cost of the communication. A proactive coding scheme is proposed, where the source proactively communicates with the receiver before the receiver requests the message. This way, by designing a cost optimal side information at the receiver, the scheme is able to minimize the expected cost of the communication. Numerical results are provided demonstrating the gains obtained by proactive coding over the conventional coding technique.
Fatty acid composition of tissue cholesterol esters in elderly humans with atherosclerosis.

SummaryThe fatty acids esterified with cholesterol have been determined by gasliquid chromatography in the media, free-lying lipid containing material of far-advanced plaques, and livers obtained at autopsy from 6 atherosclerotic subjects. For comparison, serum CEFA in 6 well-nourished subjects with occlusive atherosclerosis was also determined. Of tissues studied, composition of CEFA of the aortic media was very similar to that of serum. Plaque material contained a greater proportion of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids than either media or serum. Liver CEFA contained considerably less polyunsaturated fatty acids and more saturated and monoenoic acids than did serum or media. The major CEFA of media and serum was linoleic acid and major fatty acid of plaque material and liver was oleic acid. The significance of these findings in relation to the role of unsaturated fatty acids in atherogenesis is discussed.
The ‘availability’ bias: underappreciated but with major potential implications

Many biases have been described that potentially introduce prejudice or a systemic error into a study that would favor one outcome versus another. One major source of bias has, so far, been underappreciated: the availability bias. When the study intervention is available to clinicians outside of the clinical trial, the trial could become biased to favor the control study arm. Clinicians may, consciously or unconsciously, use this intervention outside of the trial on patients whom they believe would benefit from the intervention, and enroll in the trial those patients for whom they do not feel strongly about the benefit of the intervention. The clinicians do not always share the equipoise of the study investigators. This could have major implications on the analysis of clinical trials, including the systematic reviews that originate from such trials.
PACS--an overview.

A Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) is a network-based, central server used for the interfacing, image storage, and data acquisition of images produced by the myriad of radiology modalities that exist in hospitals today. PACS were initially developed as recently as the 1980s, and today these systems have the capacity to interface with general radiology instrumentation such as computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), fluoroscopy, nuclear medicine, mammography, positron emission tomography (PET) and computer-aided tomography (CT), ultrasoundography, and angiography. The most current format use by PACS images is Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM).
The Rise of Arab Nationalism Reconsidered

The debate over the origins of early Arab nationalism in geographical Syria before World War I revolves around a twofold thesis presented two decades ago. Its first and most influential part advances a social explanation, maintaining that it was a traditional intra-Arab elite conflict: “those members of the Arab elite who had a vested interest in the Ottoman state were Ottomanists. Those who were without such a stake were Arabists.”
Ecological dynamics of Quercus dominated woodlands in California and southern Spain: a state-transition model

There are many similarities between Spanish and Californian Quercus woodlands and savanna. Both are located in Mediterranean climate zones, and are used predominantly for livestock grazing. The Californian overstory is dominated by one or a combination of five Quercus species and their hybrids: Quercus douglasii H.andA., Q. agrifolia Nee., Q. wislizenii A.DC., Q. lobata Nee., and Q. englemannii Greene (blue, coast live, interior live, valley, and Englemann oaks). In southern Spain and Portugal, Quercus woodland overstory is predominantly one or a combination of two Quercus species, Quercus ilex L. (holm oak) and Quercus suber L. (cork oak). The underlying natural and semi-natural ecological dynamics of the Quercus woodlands of Spain and California are different, and it follows that the management practices employed also differ. The greatest point of contrast between California and Spain is in the intensity and diversity of management goals and practices. A state-transition model for comparing the ecological dynamics of Quercus woodlands and savanna in California and southern Spain is developed and examined. The highly simplified model is an analytic tool of use in organizing research and developing management practices. States are reached and maintained in different ways in Spain and California, but their appearance and their function in each landscape are quite similar.
Quantifying demographic, urological and behavioral characteristics of children with lower urinary tract symptoms

Abstract Objective This project examines the voiding and behavioral characteristics of children referred to a specialty voiding clinic, including the impact of incontinence on the child and family. Patients and methods A total of 351 new patients (aged 5–17 years) referred to our specialty voiding clinic completed background information, including demographics and medical history, a standardized voiding questionnaire, school history, and questions about child and family quality of life, prior to their first appointment. Results Patients are primarily female (53%) and Caucasian (70%) with a mean age of 9.5 years (range 5–17; SD = 3.5). Of the patients, 25% were diagnosed with a mental or behavioral health problem. Mean urological symptom score was 12 (range 0–29). Higher symptom scores are associated with younger age, ethnic minority status, a mental health diagnosis, being on psychotropic medications, and a poor child and family quality of life. Families of children who are wet day and night reported a poorer quality of life as compared to the families of children who were daytime wetters or bedwetters only. Conclusion Symptom scores are associated with type of incontinence, social and quality of life variables. Collecting this baseline data will enable ongoing monitoring of progress for these complex patients.
Information‐based design of social systems

The dominant framework for Systems Design is seen to be problematic due to an underconceptualized definition of information. A more robust informational foundation is proposed. The Csanyi-Kampis notions of referential and nonreferential information are operationalized in terms of the informational aspects of Miller's living systems theory (LST). Following the work of Rosen, it is noted that a particular entailment ordering arises among the modeling relations of systems. This ordering renders the dominant approaches to systems design problematic. A new category of state-referential information is introduced in order to handle the entailment anomalies. The structure-process mappings in LST are seen as appropriate for preserving informational distinctions in living systems, and are proposed as a means of increasing the overlap between the ontological and epistemological bases of systems. Consequences for the theory and practice of social systems design are briefly discussed.
Greenfield Schooling and Educational Innovation

Attempts to “innovate” in education often result in little more than variations on a familiar theme, as “innovators” take the structural regularities of schooling as a given and then make changes in the margins. Schools are trapped by ossified cultures, employment agreements, rules, and regulations; educators labor in bureaucratic, rule-driven systems that trace their practices to early 20th-century factory management. A greenfield approach to schooling would give creative problem-solvers the opportunity to reimagine the landscape and find solutions that allow stubborn problems to become more tractable.
Who is Taking Care of the Caregiver

In neurology practices, the patient's caregiver is often overlooked, but it is essential to understand the importance of the caregiver in the management of a chronic neurological condition. Caring ...
Empirical Evidence That High Levels of Entrepreneurial Attitudes Dampen the Level of Civil Disorder

The global financial crisis that started in 2008 was followed by recessions, austerity measures, protests, and demonstrations. Relative deprivation theory (RDT) offers an explanation as to why people engage in protests and violence, and the literature contains evidence that economic and environmental variables are often to blame. However, previous RDT scholars have not investigated how a country’s entrepreneurial attitudes can affect increases in civil disorder, which is the primary purpose of this study. The authors’ results provide not only conflicting evidence regarding RDT explanations but also strong evidence that high levels of entrepreneurial attitudes can significantly dampen increases in society’s level of civil disorder. Levels of environmental degradation were found to have no impact on changes in civil disorder.
Interfacial composition and structure in Pt/Ni and Pt/Nb multilayer films.

The interfacial structure of Pt/Nb and Pt/Ni sputtered multilayer films was studied using x-ray diffraction in symmetric, asymmetric, and grazing incidence modes. The grazing incidence and asymmetric diffraction were used to distinguish alloying effects on the lattice spacing from strain in the films. This strain was shown to be consistent with semi-coherent interfaces in the Pt/Ni but not in the Pt/Nb in which another strain generating mechanism dominates.
Epidemiology and Symptomatology of an Outbreak of Septic Sore-Throat in Westchester County, New York

The first outbreak of septic sore-throat studied in America was the epidemic in Eastern Massachusetts described by one of us in 1912.1 Since that time a number of other outbreaks have been reported: at Chicago, by Miller and Capps ;2 at Boston, by Coues ;3 at Baltimore, by Frost;4 at Concord, N. H., by Mann;5 at Cortland and Homer, N. Y. by North, White, and Avery;6 at Middlebury College, Vt., by Eddy;7 and at Rockville Center, N. Y., by Overton, Krumwiede, and Taques.8 In most of these cases the disease was spread chiefly by unpasteurized or imperfectly pasteurized milk. It has of course been recognized by all who have studied this disease that it may be, and is, transmitted not only by milk, but also by contact. In the Eastern Massachusetts outbreak the milk epidemic in Boston and its suburbs was preceded by prosodemic spread in Hudson, Marlboro, and Southboro; while at Baltimore the milk epidemic was followed by a prosodemic outbreak. Yet the emphasis on milk as a causal factor has been almost overwhelming in all these cases. In view of this fact the present outbreak, chiefly prosodemic in nature, may be of interest to epidemiologists.
Measuring cost escalation in the formative era of U.S. higher education, 1875–1930

ABSTRACTCost escalation in higher education in the United States prior to 1930 has scarcely been studied, even though the period from the 1870s to the 1920s was formative for U.S. higher education. This article develops and explains a method to measure the cost during this period. The authors then compile more accurate cost data than have been available, calculate new cost indexes for higher education from 1875 to 1930, and compare these indexes to economy-wide indexes. The striking findings inform the two leading economic theories of cost escalation, advanced by economists Howard R. Bowen and William G. Bowen. Cost escalation in total expenses of higher education occurred consistently between 1875 and 1930, and exceeded the worrisome rate that economist Howard Bowen found for the period from 1930 to 1977. Cost escalation did not occur in the more salient per capita terms. This latter finding, combined with recent historical research, supports the “revenue theory of cost” of Howard Bowen and challenges th...
Introducing Yet Another Addition to Our Portfolio: Promising Young Investigators

The world of research can be tough—often cold at best, brutal at worst. Even for talented investigators, rewards and recognitions are frequently outnumbered by frustrations and difficulties. When I became editor in 2009, one of my objectives (stated in the editorial manifesto1) was to make Circulation Research a forum, where hard work, talent, and accomplishments by cardiovascular investigators are recognized, highlighted, and celebrated—something that, sadly, seldom takes place in scientific journals (or other venues). So, we started out in 2010 with the Profiles in Cardiovascular Science, which highlight senior, influential scientists with a lifetime …
Strange Happenings in the Dungeons

In anticipation of the 30-m California Extremely Large Telescope (CELT), Caltech is increasing its depth of expertise in instrumentation, adaptive optics and detectors, to a level not seen for many decades. A single detector group will address both optical and IR needs for science and wavefront sensors with common technology wherever possible. The team is deploying several cameras on Palomar Mountain, and is beginning work on the Keck IR Multi-object Spectrograph. Development projects include testing low-noise amplifiers for IR adaptive optics and testing the 32-channel ASIC for the Rockwell Hawaii-2RG.
A prospective evaluation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the immune system in stage III/IV melanoma.

e20046 Background: The immune system and VEGF may play a role in melanoma behavior. We prospectively collected data in 10 stage III and 22 stage IV melanoma patients to observe factors influencing ...
Interplay Of Stereochemistry, Conformational Rigidity, And Ease Of Synthesis For 13-Membered Cyclic Peptidomimetics Containing APC Residues.

As part of a program to design small molecules that bind proteins, we require cyclic peptides (or peptidomimetics) that are severely constrained such that they adopt one predominant conformation in solution. This paper describes syntheses of the 13-membered cyclic tetrapeptides 1 containing aminopyrrolidine carboxyl (APC) residues. A linear precursor was prepared and used to determine optimal conditions for cyclization of that substrate. A special linker was prepared to enable cyclization of similar linear peptidomimetics on a solid phase, and the solution-phase cyclization conditions were shown to be appropriate for this too. Stereochemical variations were then used to determine the ideal APC configuration for cyclization of the linear precursors (on a solid phase, using the conditions identified previously). Consequently, a series of compounds were prepared that are representative of compounds 1. Conformational studies of representative compounds in DMSO solution were performed primarily using (i) NOE s...
Gait training for chronic ankle instability improves neuromechanics during walking.

A novel gait-training device has been shown to improve gait patterns while patients with chronic ankle instability (CAI) are using the device and our current objective was to analyze the effect of structured gait training with the device on plantar pressure and surface electromyography (sEMG) following repeated gait training sessions. Sixteen CAI patients participated. Plantar pressure and sEMG were collected simultaneously during walking pre- and post-gait training. Plantar pressure (pressure time integral, peak pressure, time to peak pressure, contact area, contact time, and center of pressure trajectory) of the entire foot and nine specific regions of the foot were recorded concurrently with sEMG root mean square amplitudes from the anterior tibialis, peroneus longus, medial gastrocnemius, and gluteus medius. Five gait training sessions were performed with each session lasting approximately 15 min. Pre- and post-gait training self-reported function, plantar pressure, and sEMG were compared using paired t-tests with a priori level of significance of p ≤ 0.05. Gait training improved self-reported function (FAAM-Sport scale: Pre = 75.1 ± 7.1%, Post = 85.7 ± 12.2%, p < 0.001) and caused a medial shift in the COP from 10% of stance through toe-off (p < 0.05 for all analyses). The medial shift in COP was driven by concurrent increases in peroneus longus muscle activity from 21% to 60% and 81% to 90% of stance (p < 0.05 for all analyses). There was a corresponding reduction in gluteus medius muscle activity during 71-100% of stance (p < 0.05 for all analyses). Overall, gait training with a device that targets the peroneus longus and gluteus medius throughout the gait cycle improved gait patterns in CAI patients. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:515-524, 2018.
Building a Sustainable Quality MattersTM Community of Practice Through Social Network Analysis

ABSTRACTThe growth of distance education has necessitated strong evidence of quality for institutions of higher education, and numerous standards and principles of quality have been developed, such as Quality Matters™ (Quality Matters). These systems are often considered only at the course level to guide design and improve student outcomes, but they can also help to pull the institution together and galvanize advancement in online development. Adopting online quality standards can be a complex process that requires changes to institutional culture. This article describes how the use of the Community of Practice (CoP) framework engaged a campus-wide network of individuals in adoption of the Quality Matters training, rubric, and review process to advance distance education support and online course development. Using Social Network Analysis, researchers were able to identify the strengths and weakness of the CoP during the early adoption phase of Quality Matters to quantitatively measure the connections amo...
EAODR: A novel routing algorithm based on the Modified Temporal Graph network model for DTN-based Interplanetary Networks

Abstract The Interplanetary Internet is a network that interconnects objects traveling in space and on planets such as satellites, rovers and comets. This network has very different communication conditions than the networks deployed on the surface of Earth. The large delays, intermittent connections and rough environment in space require the adoption of the Delay/Disruption Tolerant Network architecture/techniques. The currently used implementation of DTN interplanetary networks uses the Contact Graph Routing mechanism that we show, using the Interplanetary Overlay Network (ION) based experiments, has some shortcomings leading to less efficient use of the network. In this paper, we propose a novel model to represent such networks based on temporal graphs obtaining a near-real-time representation of these deterministic dynamic networks. This Modified Temporal Graph (MTG) model is then used for the implementation of our proposed routing algorithm, the Earliest Arrival Optimal Delivery Ratio (EAODR) routing algorithm. We provide the proof of correctness of EAODR, and we use our routing simulator to run experiments on a real-world network and also on large networks. We prove that EAODR outperforms the Contact Graph Routing (CGR) in terms of a decrease in delay of up to 12.9%.
The Evolution of the Plasma Sheet Ion Composition: Storms and Recoveries

The ion plasma sheet (~few hundred eV to ~few 10s keV) is usually dominated by H+ ions. Here, changes in ion composition within the plasma sheet are explored both during individual events, and statistically during 54 calm-to-storm events and during 21 active-to-calm events. Ion composition data from the HOPE (Helium, Oxygen, Proton, Electron) instruments onboard Van Allen Probes satellites provide exceptional spatial and temporal resolution of the H+, O+, and He+ ion fluxes in the plasma sheet. H+ shown to be the dominant ion in the plasma sheet in the calm-to-storm transition. However, the energy-flux of each ion changes in a quasi-linear manner during extended calm intervals. Heavy ions (O+ and He+) become increasingly important during such periods as charge-exchange reactions result in faster loss for H+ than for O+ or He+. Results confirm previous investigations showing that the ion composition of the plasma sheet can be largely understood (and predicted) during calm intervals from knowledge of: (a) the composition of previously injected plasma at the onset of calm conditions, and (b) use of simple drift-physics models combined with calculations of charge-exchange losses.
Role of Total Joint Replacement in the Management of Chronic TMJ Dislocation

Temporomandibular joint dislocation can be acute, chronic, or recurrent. Chronic or long-standing dislocation is rarely encountered and can require difficult and invasive surgical intervention to manage successfully. Management of chronic dislocation can include closed reduction, arthrotomy with open reduction, eminectomy, coronoidectomy, or condylectomy. Alloplastic reconstruction of the temporomandibular joint may allow for more predicable outcomes in the management of irreducible chronic dislocation. A managed case of chronic temporomandibular joint dislocation is presented in this chapter, and the literature is reviewed. The case described illustrates the importance of early recognition and treatment of temporomandibular joint dislocation. Relevant clinical and radiographic findings are discussed. It is important to remember that failure to promptly identify and treat a dislocation can lead to significant patient morbidity, increased difficulty in management, and long-term temporomandibular joint dysfunction.
Energy and exergy efficiencies assessment for a stratified cold thermal energy storage

Abstract Cold Thermal Energy storage systems (TES) present opportunities for offsetting peak demand from chillers. An assessment of the TES system at the University of Idaho was performed to quantify the current exergy efficiency of the single phase, water based, cold TES that typically operates under the full capacity. Internal temperatures within the TES vary from 7 °C and 15.5 °C throughout the summer months. Measurements were taken on internal temperatures and flow rates and were used to create a model in TRNSYS. Comparison of Richardson, Fourier Peclet, and Biot numbers show the influence of internal and external conditions on TES performance and stratification characteristics. The Richardson number indicates that the turbulence effect of the inlet geometry is very small and it has negligible effect on the stratification within the TES. The Peclet and Fourier numbers show that prediction of the stratification profile of a TES can be done with minimal measurements. The Biot number shows that the temperature variation only occurred vertically within the TES. Using the data obtained, as well as an analysis of the model, showed the TES is determined to have an overall energy efficiency of 75% and an exergy efficiency of 20%. The individual layers of the TES were evaluated to conclude that the upper half of the TES is the most exergy efficient layers of the TES and steps to maximize their usage should be taken without reducing the overall CAPACITY.
Characterization of nonautonomous Tc1-like transposable elements of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)

Putative nonautonomous transposable elements from channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) were identified. They were named Tipnon elements for Tc1-like transposable elements from channel catfish that are nonautonomous. These elements were defined by their terminal repeats that share identity to members of the known Tc1/mariner transposon superfamily. They show structural similarities to Tc1-like elements, but share little sequence identity beyond the terminal inverted repeats. They do not harbor any amino acid blocks that show similarities to the Tc1-like or other transposases and thus may represent truly nonautonomous transposons in channel catfish. They are abundant in the channel catfish genome with a copy number of 32 000, having 500 base pair per copy, this family of nonautonomous transposon-like elements account for 1.6% of the channel catfish genomic DNA. Their high abundance and transposon-like terminal repeats indicate that they may play important roles in gene evolution and in genomic architecture of catfish. Similarity search for potential coding capacity of the Tipnon elements revealed that they contain sequence blocks that can potentially encode amino acid blocks similar to the para-type sodium channel proteins in cockroaches or house flies, proteins that function in the central nervous system as voltage-gated sodium transporters. Sequences surrounding the terminal inverted repeats are divergent from those used by the reconstructed Sleeping Beauty fish transposase.
Experimental Evidence on Policy Approaches That Link Agricultural Subsidies to Water Quality Outcomes

Improving water quality in agricultural landscapes is an ongoing challenge, and most agri-environmental programs in the United States rely on voluntary adoption of conservation practices. Conservation-compliance initiatives require producers to meet specific conservation standards to qualify for payments from farm programs. However, these requirements do not require actual improvements in observed water quality. In this study, we introduce policies to reduce nonpoint source pollution that link eligibility for agricultural subsidies to compliance with water quality goals. We then use economic laboratory experiments to provide empirical evidence related to the performance of these policies. In the policy treatments, participants risk losing some or all of their subsidies if the ambient pollution level exceeds an announced target. A novel feature of our experiment is that we test a policy treatment that ensures that no subsidies are lost if a producer implements a verifiable conservation technology that reduces emissions. In these experiments, policies that link the receipt of subsidies to ambient water quality nearly achieve the socially optimal level of pollution. The results suggest that water quality policies that rely on the threat of subsidy reductions are a potentially viable option for reducing aggregate water pollution. Although a policy that allows polluters to avoid potential losses by implementing a verifiable conservation technology could increase political support for ambient-based policies, our results suggest that, depending upon the magnitudes of social damages from emissions and the cost of implementing a conservation technology, such policies may be less cost-effective for a comparable reduction in pollution.
Teaching NeuroImages: Severe myelopathy due to epidural lipomatosis

A 45-year-old woman presented with 2 years of progressive bilateral leg weakness and stiffness. She had a history of severe asthma and had been on high-dose steroids for 13 years. On examination, she had a Cushingoid appearance and spastic paraparesis. Sequential MRIs of her thoracic spine demonstrated increased T1 signal in the epidural space consistent with epidural lipomatosis, eventually causing severe cord compression (figures 1 and 2). The epidural space normally contains adipose tissue, but in patients who are obese or on long-term steroids, this can become pathologically enlarged.1 The treatment consists of weight loss, steroid weaning, and in severe cases, decompressive surgery.2
Thermally Triggered SiC MOSFET Aging Effect on Conducted EMI

In this paper, thermally triggered SiC MOSFET aging effect on SiC based boost PFC converter's conducted EMI is investigated. Existing EMI evaluation and suppression studies are mostly based on power devices at healthy state. This study provides a comprehensive EMI evaluation at different state of health of SiC MOSFET used in continuous conduction mode (CCM) Boost PFC converter. For this purpose, SiC MOSFET samples are exposed to accelerated aging and the corresponding device degradations are triggered by thermal stresses. To study device characteristics at different state of health, devices under test (DUT) electrical parameters and switching transients are evaluated over aging to support SiC based AC/DC converter's conducted EMI discussion. Respectively, device aging effect on differential mode (DM) noise and common mode (CM) noise changes are discussed in detail. An 800W single phase CCM Boost PFC prototype is built to evaluate both DM and CM noise in band B frequency range (150kHz~30MHz) with experimental testing results. According to the study, high frequency noise decrement is observed after SiC MOSFET is thermally aged.
Handling missing data in self-exciting point process models

Abstract Self-exciting point processes have been applied to a wide variety of applications to understand event rates and clustering as a function of time and space. Typically, estimation procedures require a full temporal history of the data and do not handle cases where some of the history of the process is missing and unobserved. However, in many applications data collection is non-persistent resulting in known intervals of time where events of the process are unobserved. Motivated by these situations, a Bayesian estimation procedure for self-exciting point processes with missing histories is developed. The method naturally handles the missing data mechanism probabilistically through a specific step and is demonstrated on simulated data and a real conflict monitoring data where records over a period of time have been lost.
MRIMA: An MRAM-Based In-Memory Accelerator

In this paper, we propose MRIMA, as a novel magnetic RAM (MRAM)-based in-memory accelerator for nonvolatile, flexible, and efficient in-memory computing. MRIMA transforms current spin transfer torque magnetic random access memory (STT-MRAM) arrays to massively parallel computational units capable of working as both nonvolatile memory and in-memory logic. Instead of integrating complex logic units in cost-sensitive memory, MRIMA exploits hardware-friendly bit-line computing methods to implement complete Boolean logic functions between operands within a memory array in a single clock cycle, overcoming the multicycle logic issue in contemporary processing-in-memory (PIM) platforms. We present practical case studies to demonstrate MRIMA’s acceleration for binary-weight and low bit-width convolutional neural networks (CNNs) as well as data encryption. Our device-to-architecture co-simulation results on CNN acceleration demonstrate that MRIMA can obtain $1.7 {\times }$ better energy-efficiency and $11.2{\times }$ speed-up compared to ASICs, and $1.8 {\times }$ better energy-efficiency and $2.4 {\times }$ speed-up over the best DRAM-based PIM solutions. As an advanced encryption standard (AES) in-memory encryption engine, MRIMA shows ~77% and 21% lower energy consumption compared to CMOS-ASIC and recent domain-wall-based design, respectively.
Preregistration in Single-Case Design Research.

To draw informed conclusions from research studies, research consumers need full and accurate descriptions of study methods and procedures. Preregistration has been proposed as a means to clarify r...
Quantifying the Dynamics of Migration after a Disaster: Impact of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico

Abstract Population displacement may occur after natural disasters, permanently altering the demographic composition of the affected regions. Measuring this displacement is vital for both optimal post-disaster resource allocation and calculation of measures of public health interest such as mortality estimates. Here, we analyzed data generated by mobile phones and social media to estimate the weekly island-wide population at risk and within-island geographic heterogeneity of migration in Puerto Rico after Hurricane Maria. We compared these two data sources to population estimates derived from air travel records and census data. We observed a loss of population across all data sources throughout the study period, however, the magnitude and dynamics differ by data source. Census data predict a population loss of just over 129,000 from July 17 to July 2018, a 4% decrease; air travel data predicts a population loss of 168,295 for the same period of time, a 5% decrease; mobile phone based estimates predicts a loss of 235,375 form July 2017 to May 2018, an 8% decrease; and social media based estimates predict a loss of 476,779 from August 2017 to August 2018; a 17% decrease. On average, municipalities with smaller population size lost a bigger proportion of their population. Moreover, we infer that these municipalities experienced greater infrastructure damage as measured by the proportion of unknown locations stemming from these regions. Finally, our analysis measures a general shift of population from rural to urban centers within the island.
Influence of extracapsular extension on lymph node staging for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.

5532 Background: Although extracapsular extension (ECE) is a known poor prognostic factor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and recommended to be collected by the current AJCC manual...
Smart Habitat: A Wildlife Rehabilitation System

Wildlife rehabilitation centers are tasked with the difficult challenge of providing medical care to wildlife while limiting human contact to ensure a successful transition into the wild. Building off of interviews with volunteers and 6 months of participatory observation work, we present a smart habitat design for the rehabilitation of Virginian opossum joeys. Using maker technology, we crafted a prototype utilizing sensors, a microcontroller, and an android application. We then discuss the future direction for this project including improvements and a field deploy.
Using an Online Vaccination Registry to Confirm Tetanus Status in Children with Tetanus-prone Wounds.

Introduction Tetanus vaccination status is an important consideration for emergency physicians managing patients with tetanus-prone wounds. Physicians must identify at-risk patients, but vaccination histories are often unknown and commonly lack documentation. The study objective was to determine the potential impact of an online immunization registry (Florida SHOTS - State Health Online Tracking System) on the appropriate administration of tetanus prophylaxis for pediatric patients managed in the emergency department (ED). Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients less than 18 years old who received ED tetanus prophylaxis at two separate sites between January 2011-May 2015. The Florida SHOTS database was accessed to determine vaccination status for each patient in the study group at the time of the encounter. We compared vaccination status for each patient, as documented in the electronic health record (EHR), with Florida SHOTS data to determine whether tetanus prophylaxis was indicated. The proportion of patients receiving tetanus prophylaxis in the ED, who were subsequently identified as up to date with tetanus vaccination per Florida SHOTS, was determined. Results We identified 743 patients who received ED tetanus prophylaxis. Forty-three (6%) were listed as "up to date" on the EHR and 656 (93%) were listed as "not up to date." In comparison, 209 (30%) of the study group were identified as "up to date" via Florida SHOTS, and 477 (70%) were not. We accessed the Florida SHOTS record retrospectively to determine whether the vaccine was required. It was determined that 174 (25%) of the patients received tetanus prophylaxis unnecessarily as they were already up to date per Florida SHOTS documentation. Conclusion Twenty-five percent of patients vaccinated for tetanus in the ED could have been spared if Florida SHOTS data had been used by providers at the time of the encounter. Access to Florida SHOTS provides valuable information regarding vaccination status that impacts patient care and resource utilization in the ED.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is a neoplasm derived from the interstitial cells of Cajal. As a group, the tumors show variable clinical presentations, characteristic morphologic features, and distinct molecular signatures. This chapter reviews the most important issues regarding diagnosis, differential diagnosis, tumor classification and risk stratification, and therapeutic implication. It also discusses the most frequently encountered diagnostic challenges and pitfalls in clinical practice.
Removal and reuse of phosphorus from plant nursery irrigation return water with reclaimed iron oxides

Abstract Development of low-cost strategies enabling phosphorus (P) use, recovery, and reuse across multiple economic sectors is needed to ensure its long-term availability for those industries that require P to enhance plant productivity. Irrigation return water from conventional agriculture and specialty crop production remains a source of excess P loading to aquatic ecosystems. Low-cost and technology treatment options are critical for the long-term economic and environmental sustainability of agricultural producers. To address P removal with a sustainable lens, we identified iron oxides (FeOx, a waste product from treating coal mine drainage) as a potential substrate for P sorption, and further evaluated the potential for reuse of P-saturated FeOx as a fertilizer source. The overall objectives of this study were to quantify P sorption, desorption, and plant availability of P adsorbed to FeOx. Batch sorption experiments were conducted to measure the effect of mixing FeOx with silica sand (1:1; FeOx:sand, by mass) on P sorption capacity. The sorption capacity of the FeOx:sand mixture was 21.5 mg P/g FeOx using deionized water. Less than 1% of initially adsorbed P desorbed over 96 h in treatments using irrigation reservoir water adjusted to either pH 6.0 or pH 10.0, demonstrating the stability of the sorption complexes against pH changes expected in irrigation return water systems. Plant available P, which we define as P that desorbed after contact with a CaCl2 solution, ranged from 0.10–0.12 mg/L P; this range is within nutrient recommendations for most plants. Phosphorus-saturated FeOx may be suitable as a fertilizer amendment, as well as a sustainable option for P removal from water. This research provides the foundation for a circular P economy, with viable P treatment and reuse paired with managing a waste product from another widespread industry.
Practicing Community (Book Review)

What do the acts of subordinated people toward progressive lawyers signify? What does it mean to walk away from a lawyer or to offer him a cup of water? Is the meaning tied to a local setting or does it extend to a wider, universal context? Is it influenced by class, ethnicity, gender, race, or power? Is it discoverable or knowable? In Rebellious Lawyering: One Chicano's Vision of Progressive Law Practice, Gerald Lopez undertakes a penetrating analysis of progressive lawyering practiced on behalf of subordinated people in impoverished communities. Not since the 1978 publication of Gary Bellow and Bea Moulton's groundbreaking work, The Lawyering Process, has a book presented such a thorough critique and so bold a vision of progressive lawyering in the fields of civil rights and poverty law.
Skeletal myopathy in CKD: a comparison of adenine-induced nephropathy and 5/6 nephrectomy models in mice.

Numerous preclinical models of chronic kidney disease have been used to evaluate skeletal muscle pathology; however, direct comparisons of popular models are not available. In this study, we compar...
Determinants of the postprandial triglyceride response to a high-fat meal in healthy overweight and obese adults.

BACKGROUND Dyslipidemia is a feature of impaired metabolic health in conjunction with impaired glucose metabolism and central obesity. However, the contribution of factors to postprandial lipemia in healthy but metabolically at-risk adults is not well understood. We investigated the collective contribution of several physiologic and lifestyle factors to postprandial triglyceride (TG) response to a high-fat meal in healthy, overweight and obese adults. METHODS Overweight and obese adults (n = 35) underwent a high-fat meal challenge with blood sampled at fasting and hourly in the 4-hour postprandial period after a breakfast containing 50 g fat. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC) and postprandial magnitude for TG were calculated and data analyzed using a linear model with physiologic and lifestyle characteristics as explanatory variables. Model reduction was used to assess which explanatory variables contributed most to the postprandial TG response. RESULTS TG responses to a high-fat meal were variable between individuals, with approximately 57 % of participants exceeded the nonfasting threshold for hypertriglyceridemia. Visceral adiposity was the strongest predictor of TG iAUC (β = 0.53, p = 0.01), followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.31, p = 0.05), insulin resistance based on HOMA-IR (β = 0.30, p = 0.04), and relative exercise intensity at which substrate utilization crossover occurred (β = 0.05, p = 0.04). For postprandial TG magnitude, visceral adiposity was a strong predictor (β = 0.43, p < 0.001) followed by aerobic exercise frequency (β = 0.23, p = 0.01), and exercise intensity for substrate utilization crossover (β = 0.53, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Postprandial TG responses to a high-fat meal was partially explained by several physiologic and lifestyle characteristics, including visceral adiposity, insulin resistance, aerobic exercise frequency, and relative substrate utilization crossover during exercise. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04128839 , Registered 16 October 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
Defluorination of Omega-Hydroperfluorocarboxylates (ω-HPFCAs): Distinct Reactivities from Perfluoro and Fluorotelomeric Carboxylates.

Omega-hydroperfluorocarboxylates (ω-HPFCAs, HCF2-(CF2)n-1-COO-) are commercially available in bulk quantities and have been applied in agrochemicals, fluoropolymer production, and semiconductor coating. In this study, we used kinetic measurements, theoretical calculations, model compound experiments, and transformation product analyses to reveal novel mechanistic insights into the reductive and oxidative transformation of ω-HPFCAs. Like perfluorocarboxylates (PFCAs, CF3-(CF2)n-1-COO-), the direct linkage between HCnF2n- and -COO- enables facile degradation under UV/sulfite treatment. To our surprise, the presence of the H atom on the remote carbon makes ω-HPFCAs more susceptible than PFCAs to decarboxylation (i.e., yielding shorter-chain ω-HPFCAs) and less susceptible to hydrodefluorination (i.e., H/F exchange). Like fluorotelomer carboxylates (FTCAs, CnF2n+1-CH2CH2-COO-), the C-H bond in HCF2-(CF2)n-1-COO- allows hydroxyl radical oxidation and limited defluorination. While FTCAs yielded PFCAs in all chain lengths, ω-HPFCAs only yielded -OOC-(CF2)n-1-COO- (major) and -OOC-(CF2)n-2-COO- (minor) due to the unfavorable β-fragmentation pathway that shortens the fluoroalkyl chain. We also compared two treatment sequences-UV/sulfite followed by heat/persulfate and the reverse-toward complete defluorination of ω-HPFCAs. The findings will benefit the treatment and monitoring of H-containing per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) pollutants as well as the design of future fluorochemicals.
Parallel Imaging of Thickness Variations and Disbonding of Thermal Barrier Coatings by Time-Resolved Infrared Radiometry (TRIR)

Pulsed photothermal radiometry has been shown to be a useful thermally-based nondestructive evaluation technique for various thin films and layered specimens [1,2]. In this method the time development of the surface temperature is studied for both heating and cooling, during and after the application of a step heating pulse of duration, T. In this paper, we show that the method gives quantitative information about layered materials including measurement of coating thickness and the detection and characterization of disbonding between layers. Since all times are monitored, it is not necessary to know the thickness of the coating provided the heating pulse is set longer than the thermal transit time of the coating. As a result, both coating thickness and the integrity of the coating-substrate bond can be determined simultaneously.
7th order sharp-roll-off bridged micromechanical filter

A 7th-order capacitive-gap transduced 8-MHz microme-chanical filter has been demonstrated with a channel-selecting bandwidth of 24 kHz (0.3%) and a shape factor of 1.45, which bests the previous mark of 1.86 for similar frequency MEMS-based filters. This shape factor arises from not only the sheer order of the filter, governed by seven coupled clamped-clamped beam resonators, but also from strategic bridging of its non-adjacent 1st, 4th, and 7th resonators to generate loss poles that further steepen the roll-off from passband to stopband. Interestingly, it is the extremely strong electromechanical coupling on the order of k2 eff ∼ (C x /C 0 ) ∼17% offered by capacitive-gap transduction at HF that allows the use of so many resonators, thereby enabling this filter. The steepness of this filter's roll-off greatly increases the density of available channels in HF radios for military and Ham applications, as well as future sensor network applications enabled by these results.
Tracer diffusion of oxygen in NdBa2Cu3O7-δ

Abstract Tracer diffusion measurements of 18 O in NdBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ have been performed at 400 and 500°C at an oxygen partial pressure of one atmosphere. Depth profiles were determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The measured diffusion coefficients are quite near those measured for 18 O tracer diffusion in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7-δ . Therefore, it does not appear that the temperature shift in the internal friction peak as larger ions are substituted for yttrium is the result of enhanced oxygen tracer diffusion as reported by Tallon and Mellander (Science 258 (1992) 781.)
Heavy Pion, Modified Partially Conserved Axial-Vector Current Hypothesis, and π 0 → 2 γ : Classification of New Models, Including Gauge Models

The gauge model of hadrons strongly suggests a heavy pion. Motivated by this, we classify and discuss general chiral-like models, including a heavy pion. Workable models are discussed with respect to a number of popular theoretical ideas. Particular attention is paid to such topics as ${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2\ensuremath{\gamma}$, the anomaly-free partially conserved axial-vector current relations of the gauge model, and Lagrangian realization of Drell's recent dispersion model.
Monte Carlo Studies of Light Nuclei: Structure and Response

Monte Carlo methods based upon Euclidean path integrals can be used to study both structure and dynamics in few-body nuclei. Traditionally, these methods have been used in the limit of long imaginary time to extract information about low-lying states of light nuclei. Much intriguing dynamics, though, is present in the short time propagators. We briefly review some nuclear structure results, including bound-state results for A=4 and low-energy scattering for A=5. We stress recent developments related to inclusive processes, in particular calculations of the longitudinal and transverse response functions measured in electron scattering experiments. Calculations performed during the last year offer a much clearer picture of nuclear dynamics. In particular, they reproduce the observed quenching in the longitudinal to transverse response ratio, and the relative shift of strength to higher energies between the isoscalar and isovector responses probed in hadronic reactions.