cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solution structure, dynamics, and thermodynamics of the native state ensemble of the Sem-5 C-terminal SH3 domain.

Although the high-resolution structure of a protein may provide significant insight into which regions are important for function, it is well-known that proteins undergo significant conformational fluctuations, even under native conditions. This suggests that the static structure alone may not provide sufficient information for elucidation of the thermodynamic determinants of biological function and that an accurate molecular-level description of function requires knowledge of the nature and energetics of the conformational states that constitute the native state ensemble. Here the native state ensemble of the C-terminal src homology domain-3 (C-SH3) from Caenorhabditis elegansSem-5 has been studied using a variety of high-resolution biophysical techniques. In addition to determining the first solution structure of the unliganded protein, we have performed 15 N relaxation and native state hydrogen-deuterium exchange. It is observed that the regions of greatest structural variabilility also show low protection and order parameters, suggesting a higher degree of conformational diversity. These flexible regions also coincide with those regions of Sem-5 that have been predicted by the COREX algorithm to be unfolded in many of the most probable conformational states within the native state ensemble. The implications of this agreement and the potential role of conformational heterogeneity of the observed biophysical properties are discussed.
Synthesis, properties and application of four new 1;2 aluminium‐complexed azo dyes

In view of the well-known environmental concerns associated with the synthesis and application of certain metal-complexed acid dyes, potentially less toxic analogues of four chromium and cobalt 1;2-complexed azo dyes were synthesised by employing aluminium in lieu of chromium or cobalt. The aluminium-complexed dyes produced brighter shades on nylon 6.6 and wool than the corresponding 1;2-complexed dyes based on chromium, cobalt and iron. The lightfastness results of nylon 6.6 and wool dyed with the 1;2 aluminium-complexed dyes were, in general, better than the unmetallised precursors, but inferior to the corresponding chromium, cobalt and iron dyes.
EFFECTS OF SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY AND HOT PACK WITH BACK STRENGTHENING EXERCISES IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN

Acute back pain is the fifth most common reason for visiting the physicians and practitioners. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in the society. This research has been conducted on experimental method by using sample size of 60 patients including both the genders. The participants have been selected from the OPD of physical therapy and rehabilitation of the tertiary care hospital. 60 patients was divided into two groups where Group A was treated with hot packs at low back for 25 minutes with low back strengthening exercises and whereas Group B was treated with SWD(continuous mode) for 15 minutes with the exercises. Exercises were started from the 4 th day of treatment in both conditions after being relieved from acute back pain and spasm. Both groups received 5 sessions per week for consecutive 3 weeks. Therefore, the symptoms have been reassessed at 8 th and 15 th day of treatment. After analyzing the data it was found that, the patients in group A treated with hot packs and back strengthening exercises were relieved from pain more quickly and efficiently than the group B treated with short wave and exercises.
Autoantibodies against platelet membrane glycoproteins in children with acute and chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura.

The autoimmune nature of chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in adults is widely accepted. In contrast, the pathogenetic mechanism in acute and chronic ITP in children is not known. In this report, we studied 39 children with destructive thrombocytopenia, 15 patients with acute ITP and 24 patients with chronic ITP. Platelet autoantibodies to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa were detected in 14 of 24 patients (58.3%) in the chronic ITP group and in four of 15 (26.7%) with acute ITP. Binding ratios (+/- SD) of positive patients were significantly greater (P = .01) in chronic ITP (8.0 +/- 9.1) when compared with those of acute ITP where the binding ratios were only slightly above the normal range (1.9 +/- 0.4). The results show that autoantibodies against platelet glycoproteins are present in the majority of children with chronic ITP confirming the autoimmune nature of this disorder. The minimal elevation seen in the positive children with acute ITP suggests a different pathogenetic mechanism. These data suggest that this approach may be useful in differentiating acute from chronic ITP patients.
What's at Stake for Tribes? – The U.S. Department of Justice Office of Legal Counsel Opinion on Internet Gaming, Testimony of Dean Kevin K. Washburn, Oversight Hearing Before the United States Senate Committee on Indian Affairs, 112th Congress, Second Session

The recent opinion by the Office of Legal Counsel has created a lot of activity after years of uncertainty about the legality of Internet gaming in the United States. Internet gaming poses a threat of unknown magnitude to brick and mortar casinos, including Indian casinos. Because internet activities are difficult to regulate across state boundaries and national uniformity is likely to be more effective and more efficient than multiple state regulatory structures, Congress should federalize the regulation of Internet gaming. Congress should, however, consider the important role that Indian gaming has had in lifting the socioeconomic status of Indian people and improving the self-governance and self-sufficiency of Indian nations. Congress must insure that Indian tribes have an equal opportunity to be part of the future of Internet gaming.
MODIS Derived Vegetation Index for Drought Detection on the San Carlos Apache Reservation

A variety of vegetation indices derived from remotely sensed data have been used to assess vegetation conditions, enabling the identification of drought occurrences as well as the evaluation of drought impacts. Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra 8-day composite data were used to compute the Modified Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index II (MSAVI 2 ) of four dominant vegetation types over a 13-year period (2002 – 2014) on the San Carlos Apache Reservation in Arizona, US. MSAVI 2 anomalies were used to identify adverse impacts of drought on vegetation, characterized as mean MSAVI 2 below the 13-year average. In terms of interannual variability, we found similar responses between grassland and shrubland, and between woodland and forest vegetation types. We compared MSAVI 2 for specific vegetation types with precipitation data at the same time step, and found a lag time of roughly two months for the peak MSAVI 2 values following precipitation in a given year. All vegetation types responded to summer monsoon rainfall, while shrubland and annual herbaceous vegetation also displayed a brief spring growing season following winter snowmelt. MSAVI 2 values of shrublands corresponded well with precipitation variability both for summer rainfall and winter snowfall, and can be potentially used as a drought indicator on the San Carlos Apache Reservation given its wide geographic distribution. We demonstrated that moderate temporal frequency satellite-based MSAVI 2 can provide drought monitoring to inform land management decisions, especially on vegetated tribal land areas where in situ precipitation data are limited.
Miscegenation Law, Court Cases, and Ideologies of "Race" in Twentieth-Century America

On March 21, 1921, Joe Kirby took his wife, Mayellen, to court. The Kirbys had been married for seven years, and Joe wanted out. Ignoring the usual option of divorce, he asked for an annulment, charging that his marriage had been invalid from its very beginning because Arizona law prohibited marriages between "persons of Caucasian blood, or their descendants" and "negroes, Mongolians or Indians, and their descendants." Joe Kirby claimed that while he was "a person of the Caucasian blood," his wife, Mayellen, was "a person of negro blood."'' Although Joe Kirby's charges were rooted in a well-established -and tragic tradition of American miscegenation law, his court case quickly disintegrated into a definitional dispute that bordered on the ridiculous. The first witness in the case was Joe's mother, Tula Kirby, who gave her testimony in Spanish through an interpreter. Joe's lawyer laid out the case by asking Tula Kirby a few seemingly simple questions:
A Process-Tracing Study of Brand Extension Evaluation:

The authors explore the implications of considering a brand as representing a category consisting of its products. They report results of a laboratory experiment in which response times and verbal ...
A Theoretical Model of Health-Related Outcomes of Resilience in Middle Adolescents

There is a dearth of knowledge about the health outcomes of resilience during adolescence, making the study of health-related outcomes of resilience important. The purpose of this study was to develop a theory-based just-identified model and to test the direct and indirect effects of resilience on hope, well-being, and health-promoting lifestyle in middle adolescents. The study used a correlational design. The final sample consisted of 311 middle adolescents, aged 15 to 17, who were recruited from a public high school. Participants responded to instrument packets in classroom settings. The structural equation model was tested with the LISREL 8.80 software program. All seven hypotheses were supported at a statistically significant level (p < .001). The results supported the theoretical propositions and the previous empirical findings that were used to create the theoretical model of health-related outcomes of resilience. Alternate models of outcomes of resilience need to be tested on adolescents.
Transparent Conducting Aerogels of Antimony-Doped Tin Oxide

Bulk antimony-doped tin oxide aerogels are prepared by epoxide-initiated sol–gel processing. Tin and antimony precursors are dissolved in ethanol and water, respectively, and propylene oxide is added to cause rapid gelation of the sol, which is then dried supercritically. The Sb:Sn precursor mole ratio is varied from 0 to 30% to optimize the material conductivity and absorbance. The materials are characterized by electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), nitrogen physisorption analysis, a four-point probe resistivity measurement, and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The samples possess morphology typical of aerogels without significant change with the amount of doping. Calcination at 450 °C produces a cassiterite crystal structure in all aerogel samples. Introduction of Sb at 15% in the precursor (7.6% Sb by XPS) yields a resistivity more than 3 orders of magnitude lower than an undoped SnO2 aerogel. Calcination at 800 °C redu...
Changes in Eastern Europe and New Opportunities for American Policy

THE Cold War in Europe has lost its old meaning," claims Professor Zbigniew Brzezinski in the opening sentence of his slim and thought-provoking book; he then proceeds to prove convincingly that policies which shaped the destiny of Europe in the i950's are badly outdated in the i960's, hindering, in fact, progress toward a reconciliation between the two antagonistic parts of the Continent. The tragic hot war in Vietnam has become the focus of American political activities, blurring our vital national interests in European affairs and blinding us to promising prospects of change in the crucial East-West relationships on the European political scene. Absence of a pressing crisis over the divided Germany tends to dull the political acumen of Washington and its sensitivity to this problem, a problem that cannot be solved by an indefinite perpetuation of the status quo but, rather, one that demands our careful initiative. Western Europe, though basking in the sunshine of prosperity and renewed confidence in its own national vitality, is still in continued need of the American shield of security. Last but not least, the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe have witnessed in the recent past significant and suggestive changes not only within the individual countries but also in their mutual relations and in their contacts with the West, changes that require a reevaluation of the American position and a new approach. Unlike many other scholars, Brzezinski sees these three paramount questions-the division of Germany, Western Europe's revival, and the release from the suffocating past of new energies in Eastern Europeas one closely interrelated problem, one that invites a fresh, integrated concept and novel, coordinated steps, free from the shackles of outmoded cliches.
Epidemiological Analysis Of Hand-foot-mouth Disease In Lujiang County From 2008 To 2009

Objective To understand the epidemic rules of Hand-foot-mouth disease(HFMD) in Lujiang County from 2008 to 2009,and provide a scientific basis for controlling HFMD effectively.Methods Epidemiological data of HFMD cases in Lujiang County from 2008 to 2009 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method.Results From 2008 to 2009,127 HFMD cases were reported in Lujiang County.The average annual incidence was 5.3021/lakh,and the incidence was 4.2648//lakh in 2008 and 6.3362/lakh in 2009.There was a significant difference between the incidence rates in different years(P0.05).The cases were reported in every villages and towns.Cases mainly occured in Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul and Oct,accounted for 70.87%.The age of the patients was mainly under 5 years old,accounted for 92.91%,and 82.68% of them occurred sporadically.Conclusion In Lujiang County,the HFMD cases had the different degrees of symptoms,and most of them were milder symptoms.All cases were cured without death.Cases were mainly some scattered inhabiting children under 5 years old,male cases were more than female ones,and the prevalence of HFMD showed clear seasonal changes.The onset and epidemic of HFMD could be prevented and controlled,and death could be reduced or avoided through taking comprehensive measures,such as blocking HFMD transmission,improving medical treatment,etc.
The hygienic status and food safety assessment of aquatic products in Ningbo

Objective This study aimed to learn the level of VBN, HIS, Indole, TTX, PSP, NSP, ASP and DSP in six kinds of aquatic products and to assess the aquatic food safety in Ningbo. Methods Samples of six kinds of aquatic products in Ningbo City were taken regularly in one year for the analysis of every single index of quality and safety. Results For each quality and safety index, the six kinds of aquatic products were significantly different(P0.01). The levels of VBN, HIS and Indole in some aquatic products exceeded the standard, espeically indole in sea shrimp and HIS in sea fish. The level of VBN in cephalopod slightly exceeded the standard. For VBN and HIS, the rate of standard-exceeding was significantly different among aquatic products(P0.01), with the level of VBN in sea crab exceeding the national standard more seriously, and the standard-exceeding rate of HIS in shellfish was much lower. Conclusion The levels of VBN, HIS and Indole in some aquatic products exceed the national standard. Overall, aquatic products for sale in Ningbo City were not fresh enough. Toxic substances such as TTX, PSP, NSP and ASP were not detected.
Effect of antenatal taurine supplementation on PirB expression in brain of fetal rat with intrauterine growth restricition

Objective To explore the expression of paired immuonglobin-like receptor B(PirB)in fetal rat brain tissue with intrauterine growth restriction(IUGR)and the influence of antenatal taurine on its expression. Methods Eighteen pregnant rats were randomly divided into 3groups:normal control group,IUGR models group(IUGR group)and the IUGR+antenatal taurine supplement group(taurine group)(n=6.IUGR models were induced by low protein diet throughout gestation period.Three fetal rats were randomly selected from each nest and were sacrificed to obtain the brains.The PirB positive cell counts were detected by immunohistochemistry,the PirB protein contents were deteceted by Western Blot and the level of mRNA expressions of PirB gene were detected by Real time-PCR. Results Control group,IUGR group,taurine group:1)The PirB positive cell counts in the three groups were respectively 18.40±1.52,66.17±3.66,21.17±2.71;2)The PirB protein semi-quantitative analysis results respectively 0.05,0.31,0.09;3)The level of PirB mRNA 2-ΔΔCT numerical respectively 1(0.87,1.15),0.08(0.06,0.11),1.22(0.97,1.55).Compared control group and taurine group with IUGR group,PirB positive cell counts were lower than that of IUGR group,PirB mRNA and protein expression were lower than that of IUGR group.The differences of comparing IUGR group with taurine group were statistically significant(P0.05). Conclusion The results of this study show that the expression of PirB in fetal rat brain tissues is higher in IUGR groups than that in controls while antenatal taurine can significantly decrease its expression,which suggests that antenatal taurine may play aprotecting role by inhibiting the expression of PirB in fetal brain tissues.
Curse and Oath in Euripides' Hippolytus

Curses and oaths play an interesting and important role in the tragic action of the Hippolytus which is generally overlooked. They dominate two of the play's most powerful scenes, Theseus' imprecation of doom upon his son (885-98) and Hippolytus' defense (1025-31).I shall begin with the latter passage. Here the hero's solemn oath of self-destruction (ἐξώλeια ) forms a dramatic climax to his denial of the charges against him (1025-31): Now I swear by Zeus, God of Oaths, and by the soil of the earth that I never touched your marriage-bed nor would have conceived the wish or the thought. May I perish without honour, without city, without home, an exile wandering over the earth, and may neither sea nor earth receive my flesh when I am dead if I have been a base man.
Review: Shaping Ceremony: Monumental Steps and Greek Architecture, by Mary B. Hollinshead

Mary B. Hollinshead Shaping Ceremony: Monumental Steps and Greek Architecture Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 2015, 208 pp., 116 b/w illus. $50, ISBN 9780299301101 Shaping Ceremony in some ways picks up where Vincent Scully's The Earth, the Temple, and the Gods left off half a century ago in attempting to ground modern understanding of ancient Greek architecture in landscape and setting.1 Scully claimed that scholars have been blind to the meaning of landscapes for the ancient Greeks because landscapes cannot be categorized or studied as iconography. Similarly, Mary Hollinshead states in the introduction to her book that, due to their relational character, monumental steps in Greek sanctuaries are rarely considered by scholars as architectural components (3, 5). Steps are difficult to analyze with the kinds of typologies often used in the study of ancient Greek buildings, such as temples, whose consistent and repetitive forms (mainly ground plans and column styles) lend themselves to tightly formed classification systems. There is also the scholarly perception that steps are too commonsensical to warrant intellectual inquiry; with the topography of Greece being hilly and rocky, steps in combination with retaining walls were a necessity, not a nicety. When thinking about monumental steps as architecture, Hollinshead states, it is important to reflect on architectural, social, and historical contexts—considerations that play right into questions regarding the function of steps in Greek religious ritual. This approach to Greek architecture also has much in common with essays in a recent volume edited by Bonna Wescoat and Robert Ousterhout.2 Although evidence is sparse from the early period of the seventh and sixth centuries BC, Hollinshead argues that monumental steps should be considered among the major formal components of early Greek stone building practices, …
Studies of the Affinity and Stoichiometry of Convulxin Binding to Glycoprotein VI: Clues into Its Potent Agonism.

Abstract The primary cell-surface receptor that mediates platelet activation upon exposure to collagen is glycoprotein VI (GPVI). GPVI can be activated by fibrous collagen, soluble collagen mimics, or several snake venom proteins. Upon binding of these agonists, GPVI signaling activates key integrins and triggers secretion of platelet granule contents, leading in turn to activation of neighboring circulating platelets. One of the most potent GPVI agonists from snake venom is convulxin (CVX), an α4β4 C-type lectin-like protein from the South American rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus terrificus. Using analytical ultracentrifugation, we have discovered that CVX exists in solution as a stable dimer of α4β4 rings, creating eight potential binding sites for GPVI. Using a combination of kinetic and equilibrium surface plasmon resonance binding experiments, we show that CVX binds GPVI with high picomolar to low nanomolar affinity at each site, and that all eight sites are likely to be available for binding. Analysis of the previously published crystal structures of CVX suggests that its potency could be due to both high-affinity binding and clustering of GPVI on a single platelet as well as potential bridging of adjacent platelets via the dimeric CVX architecture.
MAP estimation of structured covariance matrices for space-time adaptive processing

In space-time adaptive processing (STAP) for airborne radar systems, it is critical to estimate the clutter covariance matrix from a scarce number of training samples. In practice, it is desirable to exploit the inherent physical structures as well as prior knowledge regarding the clutter distribution to improve the estimation accuracy. We propose to use a linear model of the covariance matrix to incorporate the physical structures by discretizing the radar scene. Furthermore, a maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability estimator under the Gaussian model is proposed using different priors; this yields a regularized non-convex optimization problem that is difficult to solve exactly. We further propose an iterative FISTA-type algorithm to estimate the covariance matrix, as well as a simple least-squares estimator by approximating the likelihood function by the quadratic loss. Numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approaches under the low snapshot regime over existing methods on both synthetic and real data.
Algunos Problemas en Hematología Comparada

La autora hace una revision historica y bibliografica de la hematologia comparada, y comenta la nomenclatura de esta disciplina haciendo notar la im­portancia del proceso hematopoyetico en la produccion de tipos analogos pero no homologos de celulas en los distintos grupos de vertebrados. Comenta espe­cialmente los problemas planteados por la anemia pseudoeritroplastica del triton Diemictylus viridescens y, finalmente, el problema de eritrocitos no nucleados en vertebrados de sangre fria en condiciones normales y anormales, estas ul­timas siempre relacionadas con dificultades respiratorias o con temperaturas ex­cesivamente elevadas.
A Beginner’s Behavioral Test Guide to Biofeedback Instrumentation

This chapter focuses on a few techniques that a practitioner should know when he uses biofeedback equipment. Since biofeedback is a psychophysiological mirror, it is useful only if the equipment records and amplifies the biological signal accurately. The techniques discussed will apply to electromyographic (EMG), thermal, electrodermal (EDR or GSR), or skin potential response (SPR), and electroencephalic (EEG) biofeedback equipment. Obviously these concepts can be extended to other feedback devices not discussed here. The recorded measures must be accurate so that the practitioner can interpret changes in the feedback signal as indications of changes in the psychophysiology or autonomic self-regulation of the trainee (Peper, 1974). (The term trainee is used instead of patient or client as I perceive biofeedback training as a learning tool.) For example, the EMG of the forearm extensor could be as high as 18 μV even though there is no voluntary muscle tension. The reading may imply that the person had tensed his forearm extensors through lifting the fingers or bending the hand back at the wrist, and that the reading is not due to artifacts such as 60-Hz or sensor (electrode) lead movements. To avoid misinterpretation of the recorded physiological data, the practitioner should be familiar with the human interface of the equipment: (1) knowledge of the equipment, i.e.. the flow diagram, which is a schematic representation of how the signal is processed; (2) external, internal, and physiological factors affecting the biological functions recorded; and (3) suggested behavioral testing procedures to assess whether the biofeedback equipment is working.
Observed Changes in As-Fabricated U-10Mo Monolithic Fuel Microstructures After Irradiation in the Advanced Test Reactor

A low-enriched uranium U-10Mo monolithic nuclear fuel is being developed by the Material Management and Minimization Program, earlier known as the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors Program, for utilization in research and test reactors around the world that currently use high-enriched uranium fuels. As part of this program, reactor experiments are being performed in the Advanced Test Reactor. It must be demonstrated that this fuel type exhibits mechanical integrity, geometric stability, and predictable behavior to high powers and high fission densities in order for it to be a viable fuel for qualification. This paper provides an overview of the microstructures observed at different regions of interest in fuel plates before and after irradiation for fuel samples that have been tested. These fuel plates were fabricated using laboratory-scale fabrication methods. Observations regarding how microstructural changes during irradiation may impact fuel performance are discussed.
Incidence and outcome of infective endocarditis following percutaneous versus surgical pulmonary valve replacement

Objectives To provide a comparison of the outcome of infective endocarditis (IE) in patients undergoing transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) versus surgical pulmonary valve replacement (SPVR). Background Although TPVR is thought to be associated with a higher risk of IE than SPVR, there is paucity of data to support this. Methods Patients who underwent TPVR or SPVR at UCLA between October 2010 and September 2016 were included and retrospectively analyzed. Results Three hundred forty-two patients underwent PVR at UCLA including 134 SPVR and 208 TPVR. Patients undergoing TPVR were more likely to have had a history of endocarditis than those undergoing SPVR (5.3% vs. 0.7%, P = 0.03) and a right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV to PA) conduit (37% vs. 17%, P = 0.0001). Two SPVR and seven TPVR patients developed IE with a 4-year freedom from endocarditis of 94.0% in the SPVR versus 84% in the TPVR group (P = 0.13). In patients who underwent TPVR and developed endocarditis, the mean gradient across the RVOT prior to intervention was higher (28.1 ± 4.5 vs. 17.4 ± 0.6 mmHg, P = 0.02) and were more likely to have a conduit (71% vs. 36%, P = 0.049). Conclusions In this study, patients undergoing TPVR were not at a higher risk of IE than patients undergoing SPVR. TPVR patients were more likely to have had a prior history of IE and RV-PA conduit. The patients at highest risk were those with stenotic RV to PA conduits who were treated with TPVR.
Epidural hematoma development contralateral to dura after lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection.

Aim To illustrate the anatomical and pathophysiological risks of epidural hematoma formation, other than direct needle trauma, after lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection in the setting of severe central canal stenosis. Case report This case report presents the development of an epidural hematoma after lumbar transforaminal epidural steroid injection in a patient who has anatomical risk factor of severe lumbar spinal stenosis. The anatomic location of epidural hematoma was at the injected level, but on the contralateral side of the dura at a distance from the needle path. Epidural vascular anatomy and the potential mechanisms of bleeding in the epidural space in the absence of direct needle trauma, including the importance of injection pressures are discussed. Conclusion This is the first reported case of an epidural hematoma on the contralateral side of the dura at a distance from the needle tip location, in the setting of severe central canal stenosis.
Instrumente und Ausrüstung

Der praktische Arzt, der in seiner Praxis operieren will, benotigt eine geeignete Werkstatt und das richtige Handwerkzeug. Es braucht dazu keinen grosen Umtrieb.
Online Learning for Crowd-sensitive Path Planning

In crowded environments, the shortest path for an autonomous robot navigator may not be the best choice - another plan that avoids crowded areas might be preferable. Such a crowd-sensitive path planner, however, requires knowledge about the crowd's global behavior. This paper formulates a Bayesian approach that relies only on an onboard range scanner to learn a global crowd model online. Two new algorithms, CUSUM-A* and Risk-A*, use local observations to continuously update the crowd model. CUSUM-A* tracks the spatio-temporal changes in the crowd; Risk-A* adjusts for changes in navigation cost due to human-robot interactions. Extensive evaluation in a challenging simulated environment demonstrates that both algorithms generate plans that significantly reduce their proximity to moving obstacles, and thereby protect people from actuator error and inspire their trust in the robot.
Pathophysiology of Insulin Resistance: Implications for Prevention

Insulin resistance is a condition in which there is decreased ability of insulin to stimulate glucose disposal by muscle, adipose tissue, and liver. Insulin resistance (IR) is characterized by decreasing sensitivity of target tissues to the action of insulin, elevated blood glucose concentration, and increased hepatic production of atherogenic lipids. IR is associated with declining insulin production by the pancreas, the emergence of T2DM, and increasing risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Acute and Chronic Cardiovascular Effects of Hyperkalemia: New Insights Into Prevention and Clinical Management

The plasma pool of potassium is a partial reflection of the overall body, transient cellular shifts, and potassium elimination regulated by the kidneys. Potassium concentrations elevating above the upper limit of normal (> 5.0 mEq/L) have become more common in cardiovascular practice due to the growing population of patients with chronic kidney disease and the broad applications of drugs that modulate potassium excretion by either reducing production of angiotensin II (angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, direct renin inhibitors, beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists), blocking angiotensin II receptors (angiotensin receptor blockers), or antagonizing the action of aldosterone on mineralocorticoid receptors (mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists). In addition, acute kidney injury, critical illness, crush injuries, and massive red blood cell transfusions can result in hyperkalemia. Progressively more severe elevations in potassium are responsible for abnormalities in cardiac depolarization and repolarization and contractility. Untreated severe hyperkalemia results in sudden cardiac death. Traditional management steps have included reducing dietary potassium and discontinuing potassium supplements; withdrawal of exacerbating drugs; acute treatment with intravenous calcium gluconate, insulin, and glucose; nebulized albuterol; correction of acidosis with sodium bicarbonate for short-term shifts out of the plasma pool; and, finally, gastrointestinal ion exchange with oral sodium polystyrene sulfonate in sorbitol, which is mainly used in the hospital and is poorly tolerated due to gastrointestinal adverse effects. This review explores hyperkalemia as a complication in cardiovascular patients and highlights new acute, chronic, and preventative oral therapies (patiromer calcium, cross-linked polyelectrolyte, ZS-9) that could potentially create a greater margin of safety for vulnerable patients with combined heart and kidney disease.
Real-time deep learning based system to detect suspicious non-verbal gestures

As crime rates are increasing all over the world these days, recognizing it in advance will help to reduce it to a significant level. Various studies show that some common signs of non-verbal gestures along with our intellectual judgment can assist to identify a subject with suspicious intentions successfully. A system that utilizes deep learning techniques to detect suspicious non-verbal gestures in real-time is presented in this paper. The system utilizes Jetson TX1 development kit from NVIDIA® and multiple body cameras to recognize suspicious non-verbal gestures associated with limbs or torso. The architecture used for non-verbal gesture training and classification is Convolution Neural Network (CNN) developed in Caffe, which is a deep learning framework. Training the system to classify the non-verbal gestures resulted in an accuracy of ∼93% and an accuracy of ∼91% is achieved when real-time functional testing is carried out on four healthy subjects. With additional training, system's recognition accuracy can be improved.
Multi-modal assessment of histotripsy liquefaction

Histotripsy is an emerging therapeutic ultrasound modality for mechanical tissue liquefaction via bubble cloud activity. Image guidance schemes for histotripsy necessitate both quantification of the bubble cloud activity and accurate delineation of the treatment zone. In this study, magnetic resonance (MR) and passive cavitation imaging (PCI) were combined to assess histotripsy treatment in vitro and ex vivo. Bubble cloud emissions were monitored with PCI. Changes in the medium structure were assessed with T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MR images. Liquefaction zones generated in agarose phantoms and porcine livers were correlated with passive cavitation and MR images through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Strong bubble activity was observed for all samples. Histotripsy-induced changes in sample structure were evident on T2-weighted images for all samples, and T1- and diffusion-weighted imaging for liver samples. The locations of the strongest MR pixel values did not necessarily coincide with the locations of the most intense bubble activity. The area under the ROC curve for predicting liquefaction was significantly greater than 0.5 for all imaging modalities, and PCI provided the best prediction of histotripsy damage. These results indicate PCI and MR imaging provide complementary sets of information, demonstrating the utility of multimodal imaging for monitoring of histotripsy.Histotripsy is an emerging therapeutic ultrasound modality for mechanical tissue liquefaction via bubble cloud activity. Image guidance schemes for histotripsy necessitate both quantification of the bubble cloud activity and accurate delineation of the treatment zone. In this study, magnetic resonance (MR) and passive cavitation imaging (PCI) were combined to assess histotripsy treatment in vitro and ex vivo. Bubble cloud emissions were monitored with PCI. Changes in the medium structure were assessed with T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted MR images. Liquefaction zones generated in agarose phantoms and porcine livers were correlated with passive cavitation and MR images through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Strong bubble activity was observed for all samples. Histotripsy-induced changes in sample structure were evident on T2-weighted images for all samples, and T1- and diffusion-weighted imaging for liver samples. The locations of the strongest MR pixel values did not necessarily coinci...
Discovery and Characterization of a Novel Large Non-Coding RNA Transcript, the Mouse Alpha Gene.

Abstract Recently, a new class of RNAs has been identified that, like mRNAs, are usually transcribed by RNA polymerase II, but lack significant translated open reading frames. They are non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that exert roles directly as RNAs, and function as genetic regulators, or riboregulators. In the present study, we discovered a novel very large ncRNA. From differential gene profiling of CD31 positive tumor microvascular endothelial cells from a murine colon carcinoma, we amplified an ~380 bp nucleotide sequence, DP100. This RNA was present in tumor cells as well as tumor vascular endothelium. The full-length DP100 transcript is an ~7 Kb RNA lacking an open reading frame set for more than 66 amino acids. Also the hypothetically predicted proteins lacked significant similarity to known proteins, consistent with identity of DP100 as an unusually large non-coding RNA transcript. Further bioinformatic search demonstrated that the full-length DP100 sequence is highly homologous to the human alpha gene, which encodes an 8.5 Kb, non-coding RNA transcript, and is located in a region implicated in chromosomal abnormalities of human tumors. The full-length DP100, here designated the mouse alpha gene, is evolutionally highly conserved among vertebrates, suggesting its functional significance. The role for this ncRNA in cellular behavior is under investigation.
Aberrant leukemia-associated immunophenotype as potential harbinger of lineage switch in KMT2A-rearranged leukemia: a case series.

Lineage switch in acute leukemia is rare – with the reported incidence across studies ranging from 0.6% of all leukemias to 6% of relapsed leukemias [1,2] – and strongly associated with presence of...
Self-Management Interventions to Improve Activities of Daily Living and Rest and Sleep for Adults With Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review.

Importance Chronic conditions often cause functional impairments in activities of daily living (ADLs) and rest and sleep, leading to decreased independence and self-efficacy. Objective To aid occupational therapy practitioners in making informed decisions regarding self-management interventions to improve ADLs and rest and sleep for community-dwelling adults with chronic conditions. Data sources We identified literature published from 1995 to 2019 through searches of the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and OTseeker. Study Selection and Data Collection: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were used to abstract and assess data quality and validity. The review followed American Occupational Therapy Association Evidence-Based Practice Project methodology. Studies addressing self-management interventions for community-dwelling adults ages 18 and older with chronic cardiovascular disease, Type 2 diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, chronic respiratory problems, or kidney disease were included. Findings Fifteen articles met inclusion criteria and were categorized into ADLs and sleep. Strong evidence supports education to improve diabetic foot self-care. Low evidence addresses exercise and education to improve ADLs for people with heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Moderate evidence supports mind-body self-care education to enhance sleep. Conclusions and relevance Occupational therapy practitioners working with adults with diabetes are encouraged to routinely offer education that includes discussion of risk factors and daily foot inspections and hygiene. When addressing sleep, education that addresses sleep hygiene, nutrition, relaxation techniques, and physical activity should routinely be provided to adults with chronic conditions. Further research is needed to understand the dosage needed. What This Article Adds: This systematic review supports the role of occupational therapy in providing self-management interventions to address ADLs and sleep for adults with diabetes and other chronic conditions.
Bladder Cancer Extracellular Vesicles Drive Tumorigenesis by Inducing Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress

The field cancerization effect has been proposed to explain bladder cancer's multifocal and recurrent nature, yet its mechanisms remain unknown. In this work we show that chronic exposure to tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) resulted in the neoplastic transformation of non-malignant human SV-HUC urothelial cells. Inhibition of EV uptake prevented transformation. Transformed cells not only possessed several oncogenic properties, such as genome instability, loss of cell-cell contact inhibition, and invasiveness, but also displayed altered morphology where cells show enlarged cytoplasm with disrupted ER alignment and the accumulation of smaller mitochondria. Treatment of SV-HUC cells with TEVs provoked the unfolded protein response of endoplasmic reticulum (UPRER). Prolonged induction of UPRER signaling led to the activation of the survival branch of the UPRER pathway, where cells had elevated expression of the IRE1, NFi«B and the inflammatory cytokine leptin, and loss of CHOP, a pro-apoptotic protein. More importantly, inhibition of ER stress by docosahexaenoic acid prevented TEV-induced transformation. We propose that TEVs promote malignant transformation of predisposed cells by inhibiting pro-apoptotic signals and activating tumor-promoting ER stress-induced unfolded protein response and inflammation. This study provides insight into the mechanisms of the bladder cancer field effect and tumor recurrence. Funding Statement: This work is supported by NCI R01 CA173986 (YF Lee, PI). Declaration of Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Ethics Approval Statement: The study was approved by the University of Rochester Committee on Animal Resources, and the mice were kept in a specific pathogen-free environment.
Mesenchymal stem cells reverse trauma and hemorrhagic shock-induced bone marrow dysfunction

Abstract Background Lung contusion (LC) followed by hemorrhagic shock (HS) causes persistent bone marrow (BM) dysfunction lasting up to 7 d after injury. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells that can hasten healing and exert protective immunomodulatory effects. We hypothesize that MSCs can attenuate BM dysfunction after combined LCHS. Materials and methods Male Sprague–Dawley rats ( n = 5–6 per group) underwent LC plus 45 min of HS (mean arterial pressure of 30–35). Allogeneic MSCs (5 × 10 6 cells) were injected intravenously after resuscitation. At 7 d, BM was analyzed for cellularity and growth of hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) colonies (colony-forming unit–erythroid; burst-forming unit–erythroid; and colony-forming unit–granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte). Flow cytometry measured %HPCs in peripheral blood; plasma granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were measured via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Tukey multiple comparison test. Results As previously shown, at 7 d, LCHS resulted in 22%, 30%, and 24% decreases in colony-forming unit–granulocyte, erythrocyte, monocyte, megakaryocyte, burst-forming unit–erythroid, and colony-forming unit–erythroid colony growth, respectively, versus naive. Treatment with MSCs returned all BM parameters to naive levels. There was no difference in %HPCs in peripheral blood between groups; however, G-CSF remained increased up to 7 d after LCHS. MSCs returned G-CSF to naive levels. Plasma from animals receiving MSCs was not suppressive to the BM. Conclusions One week after injury, the persistent BM dysfunction observed in animals undergoing LCHS is reversed by treatment with MSCs with an associated return of plasma G-CSF levels to normal. Plasma from animals undergoing LCHS plus MSCs was not suppressive to BM cells in vitro. Treatment with MSCs after injury and shock reverses BM suppression and returns plasma G-CSF levels to normal.
Deep drilling into a Hawaiian volcano

Scientists recently drilled through a Hawaiian volcano to a depth of 3,098 meters below sea level.
Nitrification in Marine Systems

This chapter presents new information on the NH 3 – oxidizing Archaea, which were unknown at the times of the earlier reviews. The most important organisms in aerobic nitrification are nitrifying bacteria and the NH 3 oxidizing Archaea (AOA). Until very recently, the known nitrifiers were restricted to the Proteobacterial phylum. There are two functionally distinct groups of nitrifiers: those that oxidize NH 4 + to NO 2 – (NH 3 -oxidizing bacteria and Archaea, NH 3 -oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and AOA) and those that oxidize nitrite to NO 3 – (NO 2 – -oxidizing bacteria, NOB). No organism is known to carry out both reactions. These unique metabolic traits are not without costs; the chemolithoautotrophic lifestyle enables nitrifiers to exploit a unique niche in natural systems, but also confers constraints such as slow growth and inflexible nutritional requirements. A new group of aerobic NO 3 – oxidizing nitrifiers was recently discovered, first by detection of NH 3 oxidizing genes of apparent Archaeal origin in environmental metagenomic libraries and subsequently verified with the cultivation of a strain of Archaea (NH3-oxidizing Archaea, AOA) that oxidizes NH 3 to NO 2 – , apparently using a pathway very much like that known in AOB. It now seems likely that AOA are more abundant than AOB in marine systems, and are also prevalent in soils.
A Painting Technique to Enhance Pool Boiling Heat Transfer in Saturated FC-72

A benign method of generating a surface microstructure that provides pool boiling heat transfer enhancement is introduced. Pool boiling heat transfer results from an enhanced, horizontally oriented, rectangular surface immersed in saturated FC-72, indicate up to an 85 percent decrease in incipient superheat, a 70 to 80 percent reduction in nucleate boiling superheats, and a ∼109 percent increase in the critical heat flux ( CHF = 30 W/cm 2 ), beyond that of the nonpainted reference surface. For higher heat flux conditions (19 to 30 W/cm 2 ), localized dryout results in increased wall superheats (8 to 48°C). The enhanced surface heat transfer coefficients are four times higher than those from the reference surface and similar to those from the Union Carbide High Flux surface. Photographs that identify differences in bubble size and departure characteristics between the painted and reference surfaces are presented.
Design methodology for Carbon Nanotube based circuits in the presence of metallic tubes

Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNFET) has a potential to become successor of Si-CMOS devices because of its excellent electronic properties. One of the most important challenges for the CNT-based technology is the undesired presence of metallic tubes which adversely impacts the performance, power and yield of CNT based circuits. Different tube configurations in CNFET transistor like Parallel Tube (PT) and Transistor Stacking (TrS) can be used to trade-off yield for performance. The Monte Carlo (MC) simulations of a full adder show that TrS implementation along with parallelism in the critical path can result in the same performance as the PT implementation (demonstrated significant improvements over CMOS) but with 4X increased functional yield and 6X reduced static power. Furthermore, we proposed architecture based on regular logic bricks that are designed using different tube configurations. Monte Carlo simulations show that for 10% metallic tubes logic bricks implemented with hybrid configurations of CNFETs can help to reduce the performance impact by 2X as compared to homogeneous bricks implemented with only TrS CNFETs. In comparison to homogeneous bricks realized with only PT CNFETs, the static power can be reduced by 2X and yield can be increased from 22% to 54%.