cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Impaired acquisition and operant responding after neonatal dopamine depletion in rats

The effect of neonatal dopamine depletion in rats was examined using operant conditioning. Rat pups were given 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) or sham lesions at 3 days of age. When tested as adults, 6-OHDA treated subjects were impaired in the acquisition of lever pressing for reward and displayed stereotyped sniffing patterns not observed in the control subjects. In addition, significantly lower rates of responding were measured for the lesion group during continuous reinforcement (CRF), dilution of reinforcer efficacy, and with progressively increasing fixed ratio requirements. Alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT), given before one CRF session, attenuated responding in over half the lesion animals and in none of the controls. Dopamine content in caudate nucleus was found to significantly correlate with number of trials to acquisition and rates of responding following AMPT in the lesion group, but not in the control group. Overall, the results of this experiment showed that neonatal dopamine depletion does not lead to severe motor impairment or the inability to learn, but does disrupt the normal patterns of behavior associated with operant conditioning.
Processing Properties of Extruded Corn-Soy Blends

Extruded corn-soy blend (CSB), is a nutritious, fully cooked product that rehydrates at room temperature. CSB, at 10, 13, and 19% moisture was extruded at 115 °C and dried at 45, 65, and 85 °C. The porosity of the lower moisture samples was higher and dried more rapidly at all temperatures. These samples also exhibited a lower breaking strength that could facilitate grinding and color that approximated that of the standard CSB. Most of the chemically available lysine was retained during processing. There were no differences among the peroxide values (PV) of the extruded and dried products. Extruding at low moisture content, the extrudate can be dried rapidly and provide better storage stability. Le melange mais-soja extrude (CSB) est un produit cuit, nutritif, qui se rehydrate a temperature ambiante. Il fait partie des rations distribuees dans les situations d'urgences alimentaires. Le but de cette etude est d'optimiser les conditions d'extrusion et de sechage afin d'ameliorer la stabilite du produit. Le CSB a 10, 13 ou 19% d'humidite est extrude a 115° et seche a 45,65 ou 85 degres. Quand l'extrusion a lieu sur un produit a faible humidite, le sechage est rapide et la stabilite lors du stockage est meilleure.
Cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease: keep vascular disease in mind

Cognitive impairment is a major cause of morbidity in people with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and is associated with worse survival. Prior data suggest a relationship between vascular disease and cognitive impairment in individuals with CKD. Clinicians should be aware of the high rates of cognitive impairment that occur in all stages of CKD, which, although sometimes subtle, may impact comprehension and decision making and may herald future, more debilitating impairment.
Thymine starvation and ß-galactosidase synthesis

Abstract The ability of thymine-starved Escherichia coli to synthesize s-galactosidase has been demonstrated in an induction medium deprived of an external energy source. The rate of synthesis of s-galactosidase in this condition is not proportional to the colony-forming ability of the thymine-starved cells but is apparently proportional to the content of RNA. The probably function of the RNA synthesized during thymine starvation is discussed.
Image Analysis of Microstructural Changes in Almond Cotyledon as a Result of Processing

Release of oil from nuts due to damaged cellular structures can degrade the quality of products incorporating nuts. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different processing conditions on microstructure of almond tissue and to quantify these changes using image processing. Spinning disk confocal fluorescence microscopy was used for imaging changes in microstructure of almonds as a function of different thermal processing of almonds. Multiple staining of Nile Red and Calcofluor White was applied to differentiate cell wall structures and oil bodies within individual almond cells without chemical fixation. An algorithm for image processing, included image preprocessing, segmentation, and determination of morphological features of segmented objects, was developed. Oil-roasting processes (140 °C and 150 °C) were found to have a significant impact on microstructure of almonds when compared to the hot air-roasting and blanching processes. Oil-roasted almond at 150 °C had a greater cellular damage due to cell wall and membrane rupture. These changes in microstructure of almonds would make them slightly more susceptible to release oil during storage. The image analysis presented allows quantitative evaluation for the effect of different processing on almond microstructure.
Design and fabrication of an experimental cochlear prosthesis.

The technical and safety requirements for intracochlear electrical stimulation to restore hearing in the profoundly deaf are reviewed. A system has been implanted in human subjects which comprises a 16-contact flexible electrode array, radio receiver/stimulator and surgical disconnect which permits changing from percutaneous cable to transcutaneous telemetry. The design, fabrication, and mechanical and electrical testing of each of the components are discussed in detail. Major improvements over previous systems include controlled introduction of anisotropic flexing properties in the electrode array to facilitate insertion and optimal contact orientation, enlarged and stabilised contact surface area and the development of a new connector technology which combines high density, high reliability, biocompatibility and ease of operation during surgery.
PAUROPODA FROM ALASKA AND THE YUKON

I have not found any records of this group of animals from Alaska or indeed from so far north. In the summer of 1930 I searched many localities throughout this region for these and similar animals of similar habitat. I did not find a single specimen of the insect genus Campodea or Japyx. I did not find the larger Symphyla at any time but a number of these small Pauropoda were found in five widely separated places. Two genera of the group were collected with three species in one and one in the other. Although there were some similarities between these four species and others collected to the southward, all were distinct.
Quantitative Method for Measuring the Resolution of a Large Grating

A method capable of giving quantitative information about the resolving power of large high-quality diffraction gratings has been developed. This method is based on the ability of the grating to resolve the perpendicular components of a normal Zeeman triplet when the central parallel component is removed. Since the splitting of these components is a known function of the field strength, one has in effect two lines whose separation can be varied at will, thus providing as stringent a test for the grating as is necessary. Suitable corrections are made for the effect of Doppler breadth in the source and for the finite width of the slit.An excellent plane grating has been obtained from Bausch & Lomb Optical Company. Its resolving power has been measured by this method under various conditions and is shown to be a constant fraction of the theoretical value.The effects of error of run on resolution and focus have been reviewed and investigated experimentally. Nonplaneness of the grating blank has been measured in order that the contribution of this defect to the focal curve can be calculated and separated from the shift of focus caused by linear error of run.
Fighting for the Plenty: The Banana Trade in Southern Somalia

In this paper it is argued that economic interests by multinational corporations, local businessmen and faction leaders are significant elements in the perpetuation of civil violence in Somalia. This study examines the banana trade regime in southern Somalia in relation to conflict over export levies at the national level and farm land and water at the regional level. Small but influential groups come to have an economic interest in prolonged conflict. This viewpoint affirms that it can be misleading to associate war with complete collapse or breakdown of an economy—although it may certainly skew the development of an economy. Two further points arise in respect of such analyses. First, are the initial causes of violent conflict necessarily the same as the factors perpetuating this situation? Second, to what extent are more conventional explanations of conflict in Africa, such as ethnicity, religion and economic inequality, of relevance in this case?
Utilization of mobilization with movement for an apparent sprain of the posterior talofibular ligament: A case report

Ankle sprains are a common injury. According to the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS), an estimated 630,891 ankle sprains occurred in 2009 (CPSC, 2011). The anterior talofibular ligament (AFTL) is frequently sprained as a result of a plantarflexion-inversion injury. Sometimes the calcaneofibular ligament or posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL) is also sprained (Komenda and Ferkel, 1999). The patient in this study presented with lateral ankle pain reproducible by passive plantarflexion and eversion, complaining of pain during exercise and playing sports. These findings are consistent with a sprain of the PTFL. Positional faults have also been shown to occur at tibiofibular joint, mimicking the symptoms of an ankle sprain. Brian Mulligan first hypothesized the occurrence of positional faults at the ankle. He developed a Mobilization with Movement (MWM) technique to treat these positional faults. Mulligan also hypothesized that a similar positional fault could occur in a posterior direction mimicking a sprain of the PTFL (Mulligan, 2010, p. 71, 96-97). The purpose of this case study is to present a patient with an apparent posterior talofibular ligament sprain who responded to an anterior glide MWM of the fibula. The two measurements used to assess function and pain were the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) and a 10-point numeric pain scale. Each measure was conducted prior to treatment, after treatment was discontinued, 6 months post treatment and 12 months post treatment. A positive response was achieved, as her symptoms were reduced and she was able return to her prior level of function.
Ventilatory drive and carbon dioxide response in ventilatory failure due to myasthenia gravis and Guillain-Barré syndrome.

Objective:To test the hypothesis that either decreased ventilatory drive or decreased CO2 responsiveness accounts for the hypoventilation observed in patients during acute ventilatory failure from myasthenia gravis or Guillain-Barre syndrome.Design:Prospective, consecutive case series evaluating tri
The Effect of Lifestyle-Based Depletion on Teen Consumer Behavior

Abstract Consumer overspending and lack of adequate savings have a significant economic impact and thus are high-profile issues for policy makers. The authors examine the overspending phenomenon from the perspective of resource depletion and role stress theories. They explore factors that influence consumer and financial decision-making quality among the teenaged consumer segment, conducting two studies— a survey and a series of depth interviews—with middle school and high school teenagers. The results suggest that lifestyle-based depletion (1) can affect consumption patterns among teens and (2) is prevalent among ethnic teenagers, girls, and teens with weak parental relationships. The authors provide recommendations to help guide further policy research and aid policy decision makers.
Thermal analysis of a concentrating photovoltaic receiver

This paper presents the theoretical and computational analysis for a photovoltaic (PV) receiver for the Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC) dish concentrator. During photovoltaic energy conversion, thermal energy is also generated which results in increases in cell temperature. However, as the cell temperature increases, the efficiency of the PV cells drops—a 40°C increase in temperature for this unit cuts performance by 25%. An algorithm has been developed to predict the maximum cell temperature and working fluid temperature as a function of channel size, mass flow rate, cooling configuration, fluid-to-tube heat transfer coefficient and other parameters. To evaluate the transient characteristics of the system, a dynamic model of the concentrating PV collector has been developed. The model describes the change in temperature of the cells and the coolant in the receiver as a function of time, taking into account the: solar insolation, change in energy content of the element, energy transfer by the fluid flow, and temperature dependent energy flow between the element and the surroundings. Five energy balance differential equations have been solved simultaneously to examine the transient nature of the system. Computational fluid dynamics flow modeling (CFD) software has also been utilized to compare the temperature distribution along the module with the analytical results. The flow model is built and applied mesh using the preprocessing tool, GAMBIT, and the CFD analysis has been done by using Fluent. The model quantifies temperature, velocity and pressure profiles of the module.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
The synthesis of imidazo[4,5-c] - and v-triazolo[4,5-c] pyridazines

The parent imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine (IV) has been prepared for the first time by three different routes. 1-Methylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine (XX) and 3-methylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine (XXVII) have been prepared by unequivocal syntheses. The constitution of the methylation product of imidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine-2-thiol (VIII) has been shown to be 2-methylthioimidazo[4,5-c]-pyridazine (IX) by the unequivocal syntheses of 1-methylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine-2-thiol (XXIII) and 3-methylimidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine-2-thiol (XXXIII). Likewise, the structure of the methylation product (XIII) was shown to be S-methylation by the unequivocal syntheses of 1-methyl-2-methylthio-6-chloroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine (XXIV) and 3-methyl-2-methylthio-6-chloroimidazo[4,5-c]pyridazine (XXXI), respectively. Several 7-substituted amino-v-triazolo-[4,5-c]pyridazines (XXXVIII) have been prepared from 7-chloro-v-triazolo[4,5-c]pyridazine (XXXVII).
286 DETECTION OF RABBIT UTEROGLOBIN-LIKE PROTEIN IN THE NEONATAL HDMAN LUNG

Uteroglobin (UG) is a hormone dependent small molecular weight (15K) protein found in the rabbit uterus, prostate, seminal vesicle and the lung. UG has been suggested to prevent maternal immunological assult on the allogenic fetus and also to mask immunogenicity of male gametes in the female genital tract. Additionally, UG is known to inhibit chemotaxis of both rabbit and human neutrophils and monocytes and it is a potent inhibitor of thrombin mediated platelet aggregation. Preliminary evidence suggests that this may be due to the inhibition of phospholipase A2. However, conclusive evidence is lacking for the presence of UG-like protein in species other than the rabbit and the rat. To delineate the presence of UG-like protein in the humans, we have investigated the tracheal aspirates and sera from four neonates who were on the respirator for aspiration syndromes. Using a radioimmunoassay specific for UG, SDS-PAGE and immuno-blot techniques, a protein with a molecular weight of 15K and UG-like immunoreactivity has been detected in the tracheal aspirates but not in the sera of these neonates. The amount of UG-like immunoreactivity in the tracheal aspirate varied from 50-114 ng/mg protein. This is the first time a protein similar to UG has been detected in the human lung. We speculate that this protein may modulate the immunoreactivity of airborne antigens in the tracheobronchial tree through phospholipase A2 inhibition.
Use of a homologous internal standard for the quantification of the major metabolite of prostaglandin F2α in human urine by multiple ion analysis

A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric method for quantitative determination of 9 alpha, 11 alpha-dihydroxy-15-oxo-2,3,4,5,20-pentanor-19-carboxyprostanoic acid, the major urinary metabolite of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF-M), was developed. The metabolite was analyzed as the dimethyl ester-O-methyloxime-bis-trimethylsilyl ether derivative. The internal standard consisted of a mixture of diethyl ester + monoethyl ester-delta-lactone of PGF-M. Those two species were converted to the 1-methyl-20-ethyl ester derivative during the analytical process. Linear standard curves were developed in the range 0 to 100 ng of injected prostaglandin. The method comprised extraction with Amberlite XAD-2, methylation, chromatography over octadecasilyl-silica, delactonization, remethylation, and chromatography over silicic acid and Lipidex-5000, followed by methoximation, trimethylsilylation, and instrumental analysis. Interassay coefficient of variation, for the analysis of four identical urine specimens, was 7% and intraassay coefficient of variation, when each sample was injected four times, ranged from 3.2 to 6.0%. Specificity, accuracy, and precision of the method were verified by recovery of the metabolite from two different urine pools. The recovery of authentic, underivatized PGF-M added to urine was 99.1 +/- 2.4% (mean +/- SE, N = 6). The plot of recovered versus added metabolite followed the equation y = 0.936 x + 25.8, with r = 0.9918.
Forcing by rare species and intransitive loops creates distinct bouts of extinction events conditioned by spatial pattern in competition communities

Using a spatially explicit multiple species com- petition framework, the pattern of extinction for an effect/ response competition cellular automata model is presented. It is found that, for a particular matrix with a negative row/ column sum covariance, (1) there are two phases of transient behavior, presented in the framework of graph partitioning, and (2) the ultimate behavior of the system in space can be understood as mainly the operation of three distinct intran- sitive competitive loops. Of particular interest is the effect that a set of initially excluded species have on the final outcome of spatial pattern formation. Even though initial exclusion happens quite rapidly, and it would seem that species excluded early could not have an effect on the eventual outcomes of competition, there is a clear statistical effect, contributing to the extant literature suggesting that rare or seemingly inconsequential species can effect the behavior of the common and obvious ones.
Devaluation and US tourism expenditure in Mexico

Abstract Studies that investigate the factors affecting US tourism expenditures in Mexico generally regard relative prices in these countries as sensitive determinants. The findings of inelasticity of expenditures of American tourists with respect to prices in the Mexican interior and border in several studies published in the 1980s are debatable. This study evaluates the impact of recent peso devaluations by adjusting 1970–1982 US tourism expenditures by an index that combines the Consumer Price Index in dollars, the CPI in pesos, and the exchange rate. The results here clearly indicate that US expenditures in the interior and on the border are price sensitive and have a strong positive trend reaction to devaluation in both nominal and real terms. Border expenditures clearly exceed interior expenditures and are more sensitive to exchange rate changes than expenditures in interior Mexico.
Resolving Convection in a Global Hypohydrostatic Model

Abstract Convection cannot be explicitly resolved in general circulation models given their typical grid size of 50 km or larger. However, by multiplying the vertical acceleration in the equation of motion by a constant larger than unity, the horizontal scale of convection can be increased at will, without necessarily affecting the larger-scale flow. The resulting hypohydrostatic system has been recognized for some time as a way to improve numerical stability on grids that cannot well resolve nonhydrostatic gravity waves. More recent studies have explored its potential for better representing convection in relatively coarse models. The recent studies have tested the rescaling idea in the context of regional models. Here the authors present global aquaplanet simulations with a low-resolution, nonhydrostatic model free of convective parameterization, and describe the effect on the global climate of very large rescaling of the vertical acceleration. As the convection expands to resolved scales, a deepening o...
State of Change: Global Turmoil and Government Reinvention

The current global credit crisis is unfolding in a context in which new dynamics in the engagement of the public sector and the market are taking shape. This article explores some of these dynamics, especially the reemergence of (re)nationalization initiatives, as well as the growing use of private methodologies for asset management on the part of some governments, which behave as both financial market players and domestic economic stabilizers. Hence, the article discusses the return of the state as a traditional “public leviathan” involved in financial regulation, as well as the work of sovereign wealth funds. The author concludes that at the heart of capitalism's endurance lies this diversity of public responses, which ultimately reveal governments' adaptable agendas and heterogeneous tasks.
A Whole-Mount Method for Trypsin Clearing and Collagen Type II Antibody Staining

Although cartilage and bone are often stained to study development in fishes, collagen forms before either of these tissues during skeletal ontogeny. We describe a new method that combines conventional trypsin clearing of whole-mount specimens with staining of Collagen Type II using antibodies. Specimens were fixed briefly in paraformaldehyde, digested in a trypsin solution, bleached with hydrogen peroxide, permeabilized with Proteinase K, antigen labeled with primary and secondary antibodies, and stored in glycerol. This method makes both cellular and acellular collagen visible under ultraviolet light with limited background staining. Specimens showed no signs of damage from any of the solutions used for staining, but the length of time for fixation appears to be important. This method permits visualization of collagen condensation prior to cartilage formation in endochondral bone and can be used to study evolution of skeletal ontogeny and to develop new skeletal characters for phylogenetic analysis.
The Hairpin Furans: Easily Prepared Hybrids of Helicenes and Twisted Acenes

The thermal reaction of a cyclopentadienone with 6,6'-dimethoxy-5,5'-binaphthoquinone gives, in a single step, a molecular ribbon consisting of two twisted aromatic systems fused to a heteropentahelicene. Such molecules constitute a new class of chiral polycyclic aromatic compounds, the "hairpin furans".
An Alternative Formulation for Five Point Relative Pose Problem

The "Five Point Relative Pose Problem" is to find all possible camera configurations between two calibrated views of a scene given five point-correspondences. We take a fresh look at this well-studied problem with an emphasis on the parametrization of Essential Matrices used by various methods over the years. Using one of these parametrizations, a novel algorithm is proposed, in which the solution to the problem is encoded in a system of nine quadratic equations in six variables, and is reached by formulating this as a constrained optimization problem. We compare our algorithm with an existing 5-point method, and show our formulation to be more robust in the presence of noise.
Evidence-based advertising? A survey of four major journals.

BACKGROUND Pharmaceutical advertisements are an important means of bringing drug information to physicians. Most advertisements are intended only to raise awareness, though there are those that do seek to persuade through presentation of research findings. Researchers have questioned the quality of the research reported in advertisements and wonder whether these advertisements would lead to improper prescribing. METHODS A consecutive 6-month sample of advertisements in 4 general medical journals, 3 from the United States and 1 from Canada, were reviewed to determine how research results are presented in pharmaceutical advertisements. RESULTS During this time there were 187 distinctive advertisements, with 43 data presentations in the 33 advertisements that contained quantitative research results. These results were examined using a critical appraisal worksheet. References to randomization and blinding were found in less than one half of the 43 data presentations. P values were frequently provided, but confidence intervals and references to power and number needed to treat were not provided in any of the advertisements. CONCLUSIONS Descriptions of research in pharmaceutical advertisements were brief and incomplete, and they inconsistently provided the basic design and statistical information needed to judge the results reported. More detail could make these advertisements more meaningful to critical readers.
Optimization Approach of Sintering Feature Parameter Based on Fuzzy SVM

The detection performance on the sintering state of the rotary kiln is mostly dependent on the features used in the recognition process. So an optimization approach of sintering feature parameters based on fuzzy support vector machines (SVM) is proposed. This method firstly uses many feature parameters to describe an image, and then reduce some useless features by portfolio optimization algorithm which is mainly based on relief theory. Secondly Fuzzy SVM technology is used for state recognition according to the effective retention features. Each feature is defined as a fuzzy degree, and the sintering state is got ultimately. The experiments show that this approach has strong robustness, high accuracy, and good feasibility.
A comparison of cortical button with interference screw versus suture anchor techniques for distal biceps brachii tendon repairs.

Background Distal biceps brachii tendon repairs performed by a "tension slide technique" with a cortical button and interference screw (CB) are stronger than repairs by suture anchor (SA) techniques in biomechanical studies. However, clinical comparison of the 2 techniques is lacking in the literature. Methods Distal biceps tendon ruptures repaired with either a CB or SA technique through a single incision were identified from 2008 to 2013 at a single institution. Patients more than a year out from surgery completed a Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire. In addition, patients were assessed for range of motion, strength, and complications. All assessments were performed by individuals blinded to the surgical technique. Strength and motion values from the operative extremity minus the nonoperative arm values yielded differential values that were averaged and used to compare treatment groups. Results The CB (n = 20) and SA (n = 17) groups had similar demographics, except for the time from the surgery to evaluation (18 ± 5 vs 32 ± 15 months, respectively; P = .007). Range of motion differed slightly between the groups. The CB group demonstrated better pronation (0° ± 5° vs −4° ± 10°; P P P P P > .05). Conclusion CB and SA techniques provide good clinical results with similar complication rates.
Imaging expression of cytosine deaminase-herpes virus thymidine kinase fusion gene (CD/TK) expression with [124I]FIAU and PET.

Double prodrug activation gene therapy using the Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase (CD) – herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-tk) fusion gene (CD/TK )w ith 5fluorocytosine (5FC), ganciclovir (GCV), and radiotherapy is currently under evaluation for treatment of different tumors. We assessed the efficacy of noninvasive imaging with [ 124 I]FIAU (2 0 -fluoro-2 0 -deoxy-1--D-arabinofuranosyl-5-iodo-uracil) and positron emission tomography (PET) for monitoring expression of the CD/TK fusion gene. Walker-256 tumor cells were transduced with a retroviral vector bearing the CD/TK gene (W256CD/TK cells). The activity of HSV1-TK and CD subunits of the CD/TK gene product was assessed in different single cellderived clones of W256CD/TK cells using the FIAU radiotracer accumulation assay in cells and a CD enzyme assay in cell homogenates, respectively. A linear relationship was observed between the levels of CD and HSV1-tk subunit expression in corresponding clones in vitro over a wide range of CD/TK expression levels. Several clones of W256CD/TK cells with significantly different levels of CD/TK expression were selected and used to produce multiple subcutaneous tumors in rats. PET imaging of HSV1-TK subunit activity with [ 124 I]FIAU was performed on these animals and demonstrated that different levels of CD/TK expression in subcutaneous W256CD/TK tumors can be imaged quantitatively. CD expression in subcutaneous tumor sample homogenates was measured using a CD enzyme assay. A comparison of CD and HSV1-TK subunit enzymatic activity of the CD/TK fusion protein in vivo showed a significant correlation. Knowing this relationship, the parametric images of CD subunit activity were generated. Imaging with [ 124 I]FIAU and PET could provide pre- and posttreatment assessments of CD/TK-based double prodrug activation in clinical gene therapy trials. Mol Imaging (2002) 1, 36 – 42.
Mortality among High Risk Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction Admitted to U.S. Teaching-Intensive Hospitals in July: A Retrospective Observational Study

Background—Studies of whether inpatient mortality in US teaching hospitals rises in July as a result of organizational disruption and relative inexperience of new physicians (July effect) find smal...
Possible Selves in Marital Roles: The Impact of the Anticipated Division of Labor on the Mate Preferences of Women and Men

In two experiments, female and male participants envisioned themselves as a married person with children who is either a homemaker or a provider. Participants who envisioned themselves as a future homemaker regarded a potential mate's provider qualities as more important and homemaker qualities as less important, compared with participants who envisioned themselves as a future provider. Envisioning oneself as a homemaker also shifted preferences toward an older spouse, compared with envisioning oneself as a provider. In the control conditions of the experiments, in which participants freely envisioned their own future marriage, the less provider responsibility anticipated for the wife, the more traditional were mate preferences. These experiments support the social role theory view that the roles anticipated by men and women influence their choice of mates.
Electronic structure of Co1–xFexS2

We present a detailed DFT-based electronic structure calculation of Co 1-x Fe x S 2 , a model ferromagnetic system with tunable spin polarization, P. It is shown that the position of the Fermi level and the spin polarization can be controlled by x, the Fe concentration. We predict that for x = 0 the system has predominantly minority carriers corresponding to P = -75%. Upon doping to x = 0.25, the system becomes half-metallic with majority carriers, i.e., P = 100%. The high spin polarization in a wide range of x has been essentially confirmed experimentally.
Self-Associated Submicron IgG1 Particles for Pulmonary Delivery: Effects of Non-ionic Surfactants on Size, Shape, Stability, and Aerosol Performance

The ability to produce submicron particles of monoclonal antibodies of different sizes and shapes would enhance their application to pulmonary delivery. Although non-ionic surfactants are widely used as stabilizers in protein formulations, we hypothesized that non-ionic surfactants will affect the shape and size of submicron IgG particles manufactured through precipitation. Submicron particles of IgG1 were produced by a precipitation process which explores the fact that proteins have minimum solubility but maximum precipitation at the isoelectric point. Non-ionic surfactants were used for size and shape control, and as stabilizing agents. Aerosol performance of the antibody nanoparticles was assessed using Andersen Cascade Impactor. Spinhaler® and Handihaler® were used as model DPI devices. SEM micrographs revealed that the shape of the submicron particles was altered by varying the type of surfactant added to the precipitating medium. Particle size as measured by dynamic light scattering was also varied based on the type and concentration of the surfactant. The surfactants were able to stabilize the IgG during the precipitation process. Polyhedral, sponge-like, and spherical nanoparticles demonstrated improved aerosolization properties compared to irregularly shaped (>20 μm) unprocessed particles. Stable antibody submicron particles of different shapes and sizes were prepared. Careful control of the shape of such particles is critical to ensuring optimized lung delivery by dry powder inhalation.
Early Initiation of Acyclovir is Associated with Better Pain Control inHerpes Zoster-An Illustrative Case

Herpes zoster is caused by varicella zoster virus, a DNA virus. Post herpetic neuralgia is a common complaint in patients following resolution of the rash. We present the case of a patient who was initiated on acyclovir therapy within 48 hours of onset of the rash resulting in significant improvement in pain. The case illustrates the importanceof rapid initiation of acyclovir which helps reduce the chances of post herpetic neuralgia. Narcotic analgesics may be necessary in the acute phase to control the pain
Reuse economics: a comparison of seventeen models and directions for future research

The paper baselines the state of the art in reuse economic modeling by surveying and comparing seventeen economic models and presenting conclusions and recommendations for further research. The analyses indicate a great deal of commonality among the set of models. While this may indicate that researchers are arriving at similar models independently, it may also suggest that we should direct our efforts at forging new ground in reuse economics. Five areas for further research in reuse economics are recommended, and general guidelines for helping organizations decide on a suitable economic model are discussed.
In vitro characterization of fluoroquinolone concentration/MIC antimicrobial activity and resistance while simulating clinical pharmacokinetics of levofloxacin, ofloxacin, or ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae

Abstract The relationship between antibacterial effect, resistance, and concentration/MIC parameters with S. pneumoniae was studied. Thirty duplicate bacterial concentration-time-kill curve (TKC) experiments were performed with an in vitro model. TKC with levofloxacin (LVX), Ofloxacin (OFX), and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were studied against six S. pneumoniae isolates. Experiments simulated variable peak serum concentrations, but clinically relevant half-lives and dosing intervals. TKC were performed in Mueller-Hinton Broth supplemented with horse blood (SMHB) at 10 7 CFU/ml. Susceptibility was assessed on colonies recovered post TKC. Multiple regression tested association of pharmacodynamic variables with antimicrobial effect, and logistic regression with resistance post TKC. Only drug ( r 2 = 0.27; p 24 ( r 2 = 0.15; p 24 of ≤20 CFU/ml · Hr were significantly related to a loss of antimicrobial effect, and CIP was significantly more likely to select for resistant pneumococci than OFX, or LVX ( p = 0.03). Selection of fluoroquinolone resistance only occurred at C max /MIC p = 0.03). No independent association between pharmacokinetic or microbiological variables and resistance could be identified. The relationship between AUC/MIC 24 and antibacterial effect may be organism and fluoroquinolone specific. Clinically relevant CIP dosages that result in low C max /MIC against S. pneumoniae may foster fluoroquinolone resistance.
Searching for Alouatta palliata in Northern Colombia: Considerations for the Species Detection, Monitoring and Conservation in the Dry Forests of Bolívar, Colombia

Abstract The conservation status of A. palliata, commonly referred to as black mantled howler monkey, is vulnerable in Colombia because of its decline in population. The distributional limit in the northeast of the country is not well defined and the dry forests of the north of the country are being destroyed at alarming rates. In the municipality of El Guamo (Bolivar) less than 20% of the landscape is composed of forests. The two largest remnants of forests in the municipality have extensions of 3,544.7 and 879.6 ha each. From interviews with the community, I concluded that habitat loss is the main threat to primate populations. 37.6 % of the community of inhabitants said they had seen the monkey in the municipality of Guamo, however, I found no A. palliata during a short transect sampling. Individuals of the species Alouatta seniculus and Saguinus oedipus were detected during these walks. Conservation actions such as reforestation, establishment of agroforestry systems and corridors designed to improve ...
Humor and Play in Language Classroom Interaction: A Review of the Literature

The past two decades have seen a growing interest in the role of humor and play in secondlanguage (L2) learning and teaching. Vega (1990) went as far as to propose viewing humor as a fifth element of communicative competence; more recently, Cook (2000) has argued that language play should be regarded as “both a means and an end of language learning” (p. 204). Teachers have, in fact, long been advised to introduce elements of humor and play into the language classroom (e.g., Holmes, 1980; Schmitz, 2002; Trachtenberg 1979). However, as Bell (2009, 2011, 2013) has pointed out, such recommendations have largely been based on assumptions and intuitions rather than empirical research. Studies of specific pedagogical interventions have generally been lacking (Bell, 2013).
English Language Learners' Pathways to Four-Year Colleges.

Background/ContextEnglish language learners (ELLs) are the fastest growing segment of the K–12 student population in the United States, yet they encounter substantial problems entering higher educa...
An architecture for first-order tunable mismatch shaping in oversampled data converters

Mismatch shaping is a commonly used technique for shaping the noise created by mismatch errors in over-sampled digital-to-analog converters. Mismatch shaping techniques reported thus far operate with the signal band located at a fixed frequency. This paper presents a simple architecture for arbitrarily tuning the center frequency of a first-order mismatch shaping transfer function. Details of hardware implementation are provided, and the hardware complexity is analyzed. Results from simulations show a consistently improved signal-to-noise ratio at tuning frequency settings across the entire Nyquist bandwidth.
Speciation in cloudless sulphurs gleaned from complete genomes

For 200 years, zoologists have relied on phenotypes to learn about the evolution of animals. A glance at the genotype, even through several gene markers, revolutionized our understanding of animal phylogeny. Recent advances in sequencing techniques allow researchers to study speciation mechanisms and the link between genotype and phenotype using complete genomes. We sequenced and assembled a complete genome of the Cloudless Sulphur (Phoebis sennae) from a single wild-caught specimen. This genome was used as reference to compare genomes of six specimens, three from the eastern populations (Oklahoma and north Texas), referred to as a subspeciesPhoebis sennae eubule, and three from the southwestern populations (south Texas) known as a subspeciesPhoebis sennae marcellina While the two subspecies differ only subtly in phenotype and mitochondrial DNA, comparison of their complete genomes revealed consistent and significant differences, which are more prominent than those between tiger swallowtailsPterourus canadensisandPterourus glaucus The two sulphur taxa differed in histone methylation regulators, chromatin-associated proteins, circadian clock, and early development proteins. Despite being well separated on the whole-genome level, the two taxa show introgression, with gene flow mainly fromP. s. marcellinatoP. s. eubule Functional analysis of introgressed genes reveals enrichment in transmembrane transporters. Many transporters are responsible for nutrient uptake, and their introgression may be of selective advantage for caterpillars to feed on more diverse food resources. Phylogenetically, complete genomes place family Pieridae away from Papilionidae, which is consistent with previous analyses based on several gene markers.
Is Paralysis of Fowls, as Manifested by Iritis, Transmitted Through the Egg?

Abstract FOWL paralysis is a term now commonly used to embrace the varied manifestations believed to be involved in this complex disease. This paper is concerned with eye abnormalities or “iritis” since this manifestation was most prevalent in the stock under observation. The normal iris color of adults is orange to bay for Leghorns, the breed used in this work. Typical of iritis is a gradual depigmentation of the iris beginning at its inner edge and progressing toward the outside. This may result in complete depigmentation of the iris. In other cases, only partial depigmentation may occur. These conditions may be accompanied by derangement in the outside edge of the pupil and a closing of the iris diaphragm. This causes an irregular and contracted appearing pupil. This contraction may continue until the pupil is pinpoint in size or, rarely, completely obscured. In the last case the whole eye appears as an . . .
The Costs of the Scientific Study of Politics: An Examination of the Stanford Content Analysis Studies

Recent years have seen not only increasing attempts to analyze international relations "scientifically," but also frequent debates about the merit of the new approaches.' It is often charged that the questions asked in these studies reflect the possible uses of the methods rather than a judgment about what matters are significant, that excessive attention has been focused on models embodying arbitrary choices made with little reference to empirical research,
An Overview of Structure-Activity Relationships as an Alternative To Testing in Animals for Carcinogenicity, Mutagenicity, Dermal and Eye Irritation, and Acute Oral Toxicity

The use of structure-activity relationships (SAR) has proven practical for the development of equations which can be used to estimate the above-listed endpoints for a large variety of chemicals. The SAR models predict these endpoints correctly in 85 to 97% of the cases and often surpass in their predictive ability the results obtainable from the equivalent biological assays. These SAR models are being used at several levels: drug, or more generally, chemical discovery; prioritization for testing; regulatory affairs; investigation of detoxification mechanisms; and risk estimation. In the new compound (discovery) use, potential toxic effects of a set of related compounds are investigated before synthesis to select those chemicals with the lesser probabilities of producing toxic effects for further investigation, at considerable savings in research expenditure since fewer compounds need to be synthesized, and the avoidance of blind alleys. Prioritization for testing is used in numerous instances, such as selecting those chemicals in an environment which are most likely to have toxic effects for priority attention. SAR models are used by regulatory agencies to determine the possible toxic effects of chemicals for which data insufficient to render decisions have been submitted, and to gain insight into possible toxicity problems. SAR models are also used to investigate possible metabolites, and toxicity mechanisms due to the ability of making computer-based structural modifications and observing the effects on the modelled toxic endpoints. Risk analysis is a natural outgrowth of several of the above applications, and is particularly useful for SAR models of carcinogenicity. SAR models as alternatives to animal bioassays should be used in the context of other information for the chemicals of concern. Just as bioassays and in vitro methods have their limitations, so do SAR models. These include the sometimes limited data base on which to base an SAR model, the temptation to extrapolate beyond the confines of the model, and the noise inherent in the bioassays on which the models are based. Within these constraints SAR models have a considerable potential in reducing the number of animals used in toxicity testing.
Job Satisfaction and Locus of Control in Two Job Types

Data from 10 organizations indicate that more variance in job satisfaction is explained by individual differences in locus of control and by organizational differences than by job design.
Electro-Optic Modulation with a Single Quantum Dot Strongly Coupled to a Nanocavity

The resonance of a quantum-dot strongly coupled to a photonic-crystal cavity is electrically controlled. This effect is employed to demonstrate an electro-optic modulator operating at 1fJ/bit control energy and speed of 150MHz.
The role of ~(201)Tl SPECT in detecting myocardial viability in patients undergoing transmyocardial laser revascularization

Objective To evaluate the value of detecting viable myocardium by 201 Tl SPECT myocardial imaging in transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) Methods 19 patients with prior myocardial infarction and unstable angina confirmed by coronary angiography underwent TMLR Before TMLR, dipyridamol stress test (ST) “redistribution" (RD) nitroglycerin (NTG) infusion reinjecting (NTG+RI) 201 Tl SPECT myocardial imaging were performed on all 19 patients Of 56 segments of left ventricle with myocardial ischemia or infarction found by 201 Tl SPECT imaging,45 segments (physicians' decision) underwent TMLR using a high energy (800 W) CO 2 laser TMLR was performed on the free walls of the left ventricle of the beating heart The average numbers of transmyocardial channels on various segments were: 8 3±2 9 on anteral wall, 6 5±2 5 on lateral wall, 5 4±2 0 on inferal wall, 5 3±4 4 on apex 3, 6 to 12 months after TMLR, ST RD NTG+RI 201 Tl SPECT imaging was repeated in 19 patients, and then followed up for 3 months in 17 cases, 6 months in 11 cases, 1 year in 5 cases Results Of 45 segments which had TMLR, 18 segments (40%) showed improved perfusion of myocardium Of 18 segments showed marked redistribution before TMLR, 14 segments (77 8%) were improved in myocardial perfusion after TMLR All of 8 segments showed marked redistribution in RD imaging before TMLR showed improved myocardial perfusion after TMLR Among 27 segments without redistribution in RD NTG+RI 201 Tl myocardial imaging, only 4 segments (14 8%) showed improved perfusion after TMLR Conclusions Stress test redistribution NTG infusion+reinjection 201 Tl myocardial imaging is a valuable procedure to select patients for TMLR and to evaluate results of TMLR therapy
Experimental Measurement of the Thermodynamics Underlying the Surface-Induced Structural Changes of Nucleic Acids and Proteins

Proteins frequently unfold on and adhere to artificial surfaces, but rarely do so on biological surfaces such as cell membranes. While a number of man-made materials on which biomolecules generally retain their function have been reported, the physics of why they do so on these few materials and not on others are not fully understood.Thus motivated, our lab recently developed an approach to quantitatively measure the thermodynamics of interactions between nucleic acids and artificial surfaces. Moving beyond our initial DNA testbed, we have now adapted this technique to probe the folding thermodynamics of surface-attached proteins. Comparison to equivalent measurements in bulk solution allows us to resolve the surface interaction energetics. The goal is to design protein/surface pairs supporting fully reversible refolding, for use in research and biotechnology.