cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer: an update of the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience.

Purpose To update the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's experience with intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of oropharyngeal cancer (OPC). Methods and Materials Between September 1998 and April 2009, 442 patients with histologically confirmed OPC underwent IMRT at our center. There were 379 men and 63 women with a median age of 57 years (range, 27–91). The disease was Stage I in 2%, Stage II in 4%, Stage III in 21%, and Stage IV in 73% of patients. The primary tumor subsite was tonsil in 50%, base of tongue in 46%, pharyngeal wall in 3%, and soft palate in 2%. The median prescription dose to the planning target volume of the gross tumor was 70 Gy for definitive ( n = 412) cases and 66 Gy for postoperative cases ( n = 30). A total 404 patients (91%) received chemotherapy, including 389 (88%) who received concurrent chemotherapy, the majority of which was platinum-based. Results Median follow-up among surviving patients was 36.8 months (range, 3–135). The 3-year cumulative incidence of local failure, regional failure, and distant metastasis was 5.4%, 5.6%, and 12.5%, respectively. The 3-year OS rate was 84.9%. The incidence of late dysphagia and late xerostomia ≥Grade 2 was 11% and 29%, respectively. Conclusions Our results confirm the feasibility of IMRT in achieving excellent locoregional control and low rates of xerostomia. According to our knowledge, this study is the largest report of patients treated with IMRT for OPC.
Was Lorca a Poetic Thinker

Abstract Federico Garcia Lorca exemplifies the kind of “poetic thought” characteristic of late modernist poets like Jose Angel Valente. Because of the circumstances of Lorca's reception, however, this intellectual lineage has remained in the shadows. This article argues that Lorca's lectures belong to the same genre as the prose writings of Valente, Machado, or Lezama Lima and that therefore late modernist poetics is less exceptional in the Hispanic tradition than it might have seemed.
MR imaging evaluation of knee collateral ligaments and related injuries: Comparison of T1‐weighted, T2‐weighted, and fat‐saturated T2‐weighted sequences—correlation with clinical findings

The objectives of this study were to compare the ability of T1-weighted (T1W), proton density/T2-weighted (PD/T2W), and fat saturation (FS) PD/T2W magnetic resonance (MR) sequences for depiction of the knee collateral ligaments and related injuries, and to compare MR findings with clinical findings. Ten subjects with normal knee ligaments and 64 patients with suspected collateral ligament injuries underwent coronal T1W, PD/T2W, and FS PD/T2W imaging. Abnormalities ranged from edema surrounding the collateral ligaments (grade I) to complete disruption of ligamentous fibers (grade III). FS PD/T2W images improved definition of the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and lateral collateral ligament (LCL) compared with other sequences in 78% and 81% of patients, respectively. While the apparent grade of collateral ligament injury was similar with all pulse sequences in most patients, depiction of such injury was usually most conspicuous on FS PD/T2W images (MCL, 92% of patients; LCL, 38% of patients). In no patients were clinically diagnosed collateral ligament injuries undetected or understaged with MR imaging. MR findings indicated higher-grade MCL and LCL injuries than did clinical examination in 24 and 15 patients, respectively.
The role of hepatic biotransformation in mediating the acute toxicity of the phosphorothionate insecticide chlorpyrifos

The apparent (app) Km and app Vmax for mouse hepatic microsomal oxidative detoxification of chlorpyrifos to 3,5,6-tricholoro-2-pyridinol were 16.10 +/- 6.8 microM and 263.2 +/- 22.5 nmol/liver/min, respectively. The app Km and app Vmax for the oxidative activation of chlorpyrifos to chlorpyrifos oxon were 20.0 +/- 6.5 microM and 126.1 +/- 14.6 nmol/liver/min, respectively, whereas the app Km and app Vmax for hepatic microsomal hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos oxon to 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol were 1.87 +/- 0.36 mM and 89,450.7 +/- 12,087.3 nmol/liver/min, respectively. Under first-order conditions the capacity of mouse hepatic microsomes to detoxify chlorpyrifos oxon exceeded their capacity to generate this potent cholinesterase inhibitor from chlorpyrifos by a factor of 7.6. Pretreatment of mice with phenobarbital (70 mg/kg daily for 4 days) resulted in a 2.5-fold increase in the app Vmax's for oxidative activation and detoxification of chlorpyrifos, and a 1.6-fold increase in the app Vmax for hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos oxon. The app Km's were not altered by phenobarbital pretreatment. Administration of beta-naphthoflavone (80 mg/kg/daily for 2 days) to mice resulted in a slight decrease in the app Vmax's for oxidative activation and detoxification of chlorpyrifos, without altering the app Km's of the same reactions, or the hydrolysis of chlorpyrifos oxon. Phenobarbital and beta-naphthoflavone increased and decreased, respectively, the predicted hepatic clearance of chlorpyrifos. The acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos was slightly antagonized by phenobarbital pretreatment, but was potentiated by beta-naphthoflavone administration. These pretreatments did not affect cholinesterase, nonspecific esterase, or plasma A-esterase activities. Collectively, these results suggest that chlorpyrifos oxon formed within the liver does not escape hydrolysis by the liver, and that extrahepatic sites of activation are important in directly mediating the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos.
The relationship between implant stability and bone health markers in post-menopausal women with bisphosphonate exposure

The authors assessed the relationship between implant stability and bone turnover markers in patients with and without a history of bisphosphonate (BP) exposure for treatment of osteopenia/osteoporosis. One dental implant site was evaluated in 58 post-menopausal women with a spectrum of bone health in a "best practice" prospective cohort study. Each site had a previous or simultaneous bone augmentation procedure. BP exposure at enrollment was categorized as "never" or "past/current" exposure. Implant stability was assessed by resonance frequency analysis (RFA ISQ) at surgery and 8 weeks post-implant. Bone turnover markers, C-telopeptide collagen crosslinks (sCTX) and procollagen −1 N-terminal telopeptide (P1NP), were measured pre-treatment, 1, and 8 weeks following implant surgery. Mean age was 62.4 ± 6.8 years; 66 % were osteopenic/osteoporotic. Average RFA ISQ at placement for all participants was 63.5 ± 11.3, at 8 weeks post-surgery 74.2 ± 9.4 (p < 0.01). Among "past/current" BP users, there was a significant negative correlation between RFA ISQ values at 8 weeks post-implant placement and sCTX and P1NP values at 1 week (ρ = −.65 and ρ = −.55, respectively; p < 0.01) and 8 weeks (ρ = −.64 and ρ = −.52, respectively; p < 0.05). RFA ISQ values increased between implant placement and 8 weeks post-surgery demonstrating successful osseointegration. Lower bone turnover was associated with better implant stability among patients with a history of BP exposure. Further investigation of the relationship between BP exposure and implant stability is warranted in a larger population, as results may strongly impact on clinical practice decisions.
Electron spin resonance spectrum of the diphenylcyclobutene anion radical

The anion radical of 1,2-diphenylcyclobutene was studied by electron spin resonance. The hyperfine splittings were found to be 0·47 and 0·74 G for the meta-positions, 2·23 and 2·69 G for the ortho-positions and 4·21 G for the para-positions of the phenyl rings. The methylene proton splittings were 4·27 G, which would imply that the value of Q is 27 G, much lower than that of other cyclobutene anions. It was also estimated that the angle between the axis of the p-orbitals of the ethylene group and that of the phenyl group is about 30°, in agreement with that found for the tetraphenylethylene anion.
Low resolution spectra and conformations of crotonyl chloride and crotyl alcohol

Abstract The low resolution spectra of crotonyl chloride and crotyl alcohol have been studied in the microwave R-band region. The spectroscopic constant ( B + C ) has been evaluated for both molecules. These data have been used to obtain conformational information for these molecules.
Consumer Strategy and Household Consumption in the Cripple Creek Mining District, Colorado, USA

The Cripple Creek Mining District of Colorado (USA) was billed as “the World’s Greatest Gold Camp” in the 1890s and was home to a multitude of men, women, and children who left behind a record of past consumer behavior. Examination of fourteen household archaeological assemblages provides insight into aspects of household consumption strategies and the negotiation of socioeconomic class relationships within the late nineteenth and early twentieth century mining communities in the American West. An analytical approach that combines the quantitative economic scaling of ceramics and faunal remains is used in combination with the qualitative analysis of entire assemblages to understand consumer strategies and the negotiation of class relationships between households in the district.
Electrical conduction and hydrogen permeation through mixed proton–electron conducting strontium cerate membranes

Abstract The electrical conduction and hydrogen permeation properties of dense SrCe 0.95 Tm 0.05 O 3− δ (SCTm) membranes were studied in the temperature range of 600–950°C. The conductivity measurement shows that the temperature dependence of SCTm conductivity obeys the Arrhenius relationship in atmospheres of O 2 , air, N 2 and 10% H 2 /He. The presence of water vapor lowers both the conductivity values and the activation energies in oxidative atmospheres, suggesting a mixed proton–electron conducting property of the membrane. The hydrogen permeation flux ( J H 2 ) increases with temperature at the lower temperature range and tends to level off at higher temperatures. At constant temperature, J H 2 increases with the upstream hydrogen partial pressure and downstream oxygen partial pressure. J H 2 also increases with decreasing membrane thickness, indicating the bulk diffusion being the rate-limiting step for hydrogen permeation through thick SCTm membranes. J H 2 as high as 3×10 −8 mol/cm 2 s was obtained at 900°C with a 1.6 mm thick SCTm membrane when 10% H 2 /He and air were used respectively as the feed and sweeping gases.
Ultrastructural and protein changes in cell suspension cultures of peach associated with low temperature-induced cold acclimation and abscisic acid treatment

Cell suspension cultures were initiated from callus derived from xylem tissues of peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch]. Cold acclimation was induced (LT50 of-13°C) in cell suspensions at 3°C in the dark for 10 days. Freezing tolerance returned to the level of nonacclimated cells (LT50 of −4.5°C) when cold-acclimated cells were transferred to 24°C (in dark) for 3 days. Addition of 75 μM abscisic acid (ABA) to the growth medium failed to induce cold acclimation after cells were cultured for 5 days at 24°C. Microvacuolation, cytoplasmic augmentation and disappearance of starch grains were observed in cells that were cold-acclimated by exposure to low temperature. Similar ultrastructural alterations were not observed in ABA-treated cells. Several qualitative and quantitative changes in proteins were noted during both cold acclimation and ABA treatment. Both the ultrastructural and protein changes observed during cold acclimation were reversed during deacclimation. The relationship of these changes to cold acclimation in peach cell-cultures is discussed.
The Dialectical Relationship between Religion and the Ideology of Science

This Original effort suggests that analogous to Max Weber’s “Spirit of Capitalism” found in The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, the disenchantment and demystification of the ancient Judaism ethic code of behavior, is a major factor in the rise of the ideology of science.
Failure analysis following decontamination — laboratory and case studies

Abstract Based on the laboratory decontamination results, three failed type 321 stainless steel bellows expansion joints were decontaminated to reduce the radiation dose level below LLD (low limit of detection) and to investigate the cause of failure in laboratory. The corrosion test showed that, apart from 316L and Alloy 600, the corrosion rate of materials increased proportionally with both the temperature and the concentration of chemical cleaning reagents. Importantly, creviced coupons on which heavily localized corrosion was observed showed a higher corrosion rate than rod specimens. Analyses of the decontaminated broken bellows revealed flat-face fractures (produced by high longitudinal stresses) along the upper convolution, where the failure initiated. Rough and fibrous surfaces were observed where the general fracture direction was at 45 degrees to the main tensile load. No detrimental species such as sulfur or chlorine were detected at the crack tips by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The failure of the bellows was attributed to mechanical fatigue.
Stable isotope fractionation between carbon dioxide and calcite at 900°C

Abstract Equilibrium stable isotope fractionation factors between carbon dioxide and calcite were determined by direct equilibration of the two phases at 900°C and 12.5 kbar. The results of six three-day runs gave Δ13C(CO2-calcite) and Δ18O(CO2-calcite) fractionations of +2.70± 0.36% and +3.30 ± 0.16%., respectively (2σ). Runs of 22.5, 45, and 90 min; and 3, 6, 12, and 24 h duration were also conducted. Rapid initial recrystallization accompanied by extensive carbon and oxygen isotope exchange ( ⪆40% ) and a very high oxygen/carbon exchange rate ratio (~5) was seen in runs using both natural and synthetic calcite. Subsequent exchange slowed drastically, and the rate of oxygen exchange decreased relative to that of carbon to a constant value of ~3, implicating the involvement of carbonate ion migration in the later, slower stages of exchange. The lower limits of bulk carbon and oxygen diffusion coefficients determined from the partial exchange experiments were 4 × 10−13 and 9× 10−13 (cm2/s), respectively.
Thematic Mapper thermal infrared data in discriminating selected urban features

Abstract This research was conducted to assess the utility of Landsat Thematic Mapper thermal data (10.4 to 12.5/μm) for urban feature analysis. Seven band thematic mapper data collected on 25 October, 1982 for the Chicago metropolitan area were used to determine the relative importance of the thermal band as a component of an urban land use classification.|Analysis consisted of: (1) the use of a transformed divergence measure (separability) to test the interclass spectral variability of selected features for different channel combinations and (2) a comparison of classification results, with and without thermal data using a supervised layered classification algorithm. The use of thermal data resulted in an overall 9.3 per cent increase in classification accuracy. Elimination of classes such as forest, asphalt and railroad resulted in an increase of 12.0 per cent in classification performance. Examination of the separability analysis and classification results indicated there were specific areas of success...
Phosphodiesterase 1C: leveling the playing field for olfactory receptor neuron sensitivity and targeting?

In mammalian olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) signal transduction begins with the binding of an odor molecule to odorant receptors (ORs), which in turn, via a G protein-coupled cascade, activates adenylyl cyclase III (ACIII) and increase intracellular cAMP. cAMP opens the cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channel to initiate odorant-induced depolarization. In the absence of stimulation, basal activity of odorant receptors (ORs) drives basal fluctuations of cAMP, which is observed as baseline current noise that leads to basal action potential firing. Two phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are expressed in ORNs, one located in the cilia (PDE1C) and one restricted to the dendrite and cell body (PDE4A) to lower increased cAMP levels. Perplexingly, neither PDE alone seems to play a significant role in termination of the odorant-induced response, raising the question what their roles might be, not only in signal transduction, but also in cAMP controlled axonal targeting. We investigated the role of PDE1C in ORN transduction by recording from ORNs dissociated from PDE1C knockout mice that had been crossed with odorant receptor-tagged mice (mice expressing GFP in ORNs expressing the highly basally active I7 OR or the mEGOR with low basal activity). We found little difference in peak amplitude and time course in eugenol responses in the mOR-EG ORNs regardless of whether PDE1C was present or not. In contrast, in I7 ORNs the response magnitude to heptanal was greatly reduced and the time for the response to reach its peak magnitude was prolonged once PDE1C was knocked out. Interestingly, PDE1C does not seem to control the overall sensitivity of ORNs since no shift in the dose-response relation was observed in I7 and mOR-EG ORNs. Comparison of I7 and mOR-EG ORN axonal targeting to the bulb in wild-type and PDE1C knockout mice showed that PDE1C did not influence the overall number of main glomeruli innervated by I7 or mOR-EG ORN axons. But in the absence of PDE1C I7 ORNs substantially mis-targeted to a large number of glomeruli neighboring the main glomerulus, which was not observed in mOR-EG ORNs. Together our results suggest that PDE1C is important to retain response magnitude and kinetics across ORNs expressing ORs with different basal activity as well as insuring proper glomerular targeting.
The Cyclophilin Inhibitor SCY-635 Disrupts Hepatitis C Virus NS5A-Cyclophilin A Complexes

The nonimmunosuppressive cyclophilin (Cyp) inhibitor SCY-635 blocks hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication both in vitro and in vivo and represents a novel potent anti-HCV agent. However, its mechanism of action remains to be fully elucidated. A growing body of evidence suggests that cyclophilin A (CypA) is absolutely necessary for HCV replication and that the HCV nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein serves as a main viral ligand for CypA. In this study, we examined the effect of SCY-635 on HCV replication. Specifically, we asked whether SCY-635 blocks HCV replication by targeting CypA-NS5A interactions. We also investigated the possibility that HCV can escape SCY-635 selection pressure and whether this resistance influences either CypA-NS5A interactions or the dependence of HCV on CypA. We found not only that SCY-635 efficiently inhibits HCV replication, but it is sufficient alone to clear HCV replicon-containing cells. We found that SCY-635 prevents CypA-NS5A interactions in a dose-dependent manner. SCY-635 prevents the contact between CypA and NS5A derived from genotypes 1 to 3. Together, these data suggest that NS5A-CypA interactions control HCV replication and that SCY-635 blocks viral replication by preventing the formation of these complexes. We also found that NS5A mutant proteins found in SCY-635-resistant HCV replicons behave similarly to wild-type NS5A in terms of both CypA binding and SCY-635-mediated dissociation and inhibition of CypA binding. However, the NS5A mutations found in SCY-635-resistant HCV replicons rescued viral replication in CypA-knockdown cells, suggesting that the NS5A mutations, which arose in vitro under SCY-635 selection, do not alter the binding affinity of CypA for NS5A. These specific mutations in NS5A eliminate the dependence of HCV RNA replication on the expression of host CypA.
Interactive hypothesis testing against independence

A hypothesis testing problem with communication constraints is studied, in which two nodes interactively communicate with each other in q rounds to perform a simple binary hypothesis testing on whether the observed random sequences at the nodes are generated independently or not. The optimal tradeoff between the communication rates in q rounds interaction and the testing performance measured by the type II error exponent such that the type I error probability asymptotically vanishes. An example is provided that shows that a two-way test outperforms the optimal one-way test and thus that interaction helps for hypothesis testing.
Telemedicine as a Tool to Provide Family Conferences and Palliative Care Consultations in Critically Ill Patients at Rural Health Care Institutions: A Pilot Study

Background:Many critically ill patients who transfer from rural hospitals to tertiary care centers (TCCs) have poor prognoses, and family members are unable to discuss patient prognosis and goals o...
Imagery in therapy: an information processing analysis of fear

An analysis of fear imagery in behavior therapy is developed from the combined perspectives of information processing theory and psychophysiology. Recent thought on imagery processing and storage is considered, and it is argued that affective images are best viewed as propositional structures rather than as iconic or holistic sensory representations. A method is presented for manipulating the image through instructions, and an image taxonomy of stimulus and response components is described. The usefulness of bioelectric measurement is emphasized throughout, and this is illustrated in an experiment derived from the “constructive” concept of imagery. The implications of this approach are then developed for behavior modification research: Desensitization and flooding are analyzed, comparisons are made among media, imaginal, and in vivo fear treatments, and the significance of image analysis is elucidated for both overt and covert modeling. In conclusion, a general model for fear processing is described and directions for future research are outlined.
Sensitivity and specificity of plasma and urine complement split products as indicators of lupus disease activity

Objective To determine if measurement of serum complement split products (C4d, Bb, C5b-9) is better than conventional C3 and C4 measurements in distinguishing patients with varying degrees of lupus disease activity, and to determine if the presence of C3d in urine is helpful in distinguishing lupus patients with from those without early lupus nephritis. Methods Lupus disease activity was prospectively determined at 3 consecutive visits an average of 4 months apart, using the Systemic Lupus Activity Measure (SLAM), the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and physician global assessment (PGA). Blood samples were evaluated for the presence of C4d, Bb, and C5b-9 by quantitative microassay plate enzyme immunoassay at each patient visit. We characterized urinary excretion of C3 fragments (with attention to C3d) by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with Western blotting. Results Thirty-one SLE patients were enrolled in the study. The mean SLAM score and the mean SLEDAI score each correlated well with the PGA at all 3 visits. A SLAM score of 6 and a SLEDAI score of 4 had the best overall sensitivity and specificity for predicting moderate-to-severe disease activity by PGA (100% and 73%, respectively, for the SLAM and 86% and 94%, respectively, for the SLEDAI). Serum C4d and Bb were more sensitive indicators of current moderate-to-severe lupus disease activity at all 3 visits than were serum C5b-9, C3, and C4. C3 and C4 were more specific indicators of moderate-to-severe disease activity. Serum C4d and Bb were more sensitive at predicting moderate-to-severe disease activity at subsequent visits than were C5b-9, C3, and C4. Urine C3d was better than C3, plasma C4d, Bb, C5b-9 and anti-double-stranded DNA antibody in distinguishing patients with from those without acute lupus nephritis (P = 0.02). Conclusion C4d and Bb are sensitive indicators of moderate-to-severe lupus disease activity and may be most helpful in situations where conventional measurements are not, such as in lupus patients whose C3 and C4 levels remain normal despite evidence of clinical disease activity. It appears from this study that detection of urine C3d may be a simple way of measuring complement activation in the setting of lupus renal disease. The availability of instruments for clinical disease activity measurement such as the SLAM and the SLEDAI may enable more consistent definition of lupus disease activity and may thus provide a means for better examining the role of complement activation products in predicting lupus disease activity in larger patient populations.
Is Stress Worth it? Stress-Related Health and Wealth Trade-Offs for Entrepreneurs

Occupational stress is associated with numerous health problems that cost organisations considerable resources. We explore whether the detrimental effects of stress on individual health are accompanied by productive effects on individual performance for self-employed people, thereby making stress somewhat “worth it” for this occupational group. Given that positive affect can serve as a stress-buffering resource, we also examine the potential for positive affect (PA) to moderate these relationships. Our hypotheses are tested using data from the NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) that incorporated extensive demographic, medical history, nutritional, clinical, and laboratory data representative of the non-institutionalised civilian US population. From this dataset we created a longitudinal matched sample of 688 self-employed individuals and 688 employees, incorporating self-reported and physiological measures of stress and health. Our findings indicate that (controlling for past income and prior health) self-employed people experience greater stress than employees, and they experience a positive impact of stress on income despite a negative impact on physical health. These relationships are moderated by positive affectivity, where PA accentuates the positive effect of stress on personal income and mitigates the negative effect of stress on physical health.
Examining the Relationship Between Teachers’ Instructional Practices and Students’ Mathematics Achievement:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether relationships existed between teachers’ implementation of two specific discourse-related instructional practices and students’ mathematics achievement in geometry and measurement as part of a research study on the effectiveness of an advanced mathematics curriculum for kindergarten and Grades 1 and 2. The mathematics units incorporated the following instructional practices: engaging students in verbal communication in mathematics and encouraging the use of appropriate mathematical vocabulary. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to determine the relationships between teachers’ use of the instructional practices and the students’ mathematics achievement. Results indicated that significant, positive relationships existed; the teachers’ implementation scores for the verbal communication and encouraging mathematical language instructional practices were predictors of student mathematics achievement as measured by students’ percentage gain scores on the Open-...
The heart rate of Romano-Ward syndrome patients

The Romano-Ward prolonged QT syndrome is associated with an abnormality of ventricular recovery, rendering the patients susceptible to life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. The pathophysiology has not been clearly defined. It has been proposed that the syndrome involves disparity of right and left cardiac sympathetic activity, with the left side dominant. This could be the result of left-sided overactivity or right underactivity. The right-sided nerves contain the chronotropic fibers, which affect heart rate. A deficiency of the effect of the right-sided nerves might, therefore, be manifest by slower heart rates. To examine this possibility, the resting heart rates of 58 Romano-Ward syndrome patients were compared to those of 255 age-matched normal controls. A significant difference in resting heart rate was observed between the Romano-Ward syndrome patients and the normal controls in newborns and children up through age 3 years. No difference was present in older children or in adults. The data are consistent with right-sided sympathetic deficiency manifest by a slower heart rate at birth and during early years of life, when sympathetic tone is high and contributes to resting heart rate, but not in older children or in adults in whom resting heart rate is principally under parasympathetic control.
Symmetry of the order parameter in high temperature superconductors

Abstract The symmetry of the order parameter in cuprate superconductors is discussed. The case for singlet spin pairing is very strong, while evidence for d vs. s wave orbital pairing is yet to be resolved. Possibly both d and s wave examples are found in these materials.
Roots of Hate: The Economic Root

Over the centuries, Jews have been variously characterized as miserly, manipulators of money, ultra-materialist, and possessors of extraordinary wealth. The pervasiveness of the link between Jews and unsavory economic practices can be seen in the not-too-distant past in the usage of such unflattering verbs as “to Jew” (to cheat or to overreach) and “to Jew down” (to drive down the price unfairly by bickering) and in one of the definitions of the word “Jew” (i.e., “applied to a grasping or extortionate usurer”) found in the authoritative Oxford Universal Dictionary , at least until 1955. The history of the economic root of anti-Semitism, while not quite as long as that of the religious root, dates back to the Christian medieval period in Europe. Warnings against middleman practices are found in the writings of early Christian fathers such as John Chrysostom and Augustine. It wasn't until the twelfth century, however, that the Catholic Church at the Lateran Council of 1139 assigned a negative significance to usury. Usury had originally referred to the cost to be paid for the use of borrowed money. In the decisions reached at the Lateran Council, usury took the meaning of charging excessive or illegal interest on a loan. The Lateran Council asserted that those who practice usury, or those who practiced it but failed to repent, would be refused a Christian burial.
Inhibitor of protein synthesis phase shifts a circadian pacemaker in mammalian SCN

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus contains a circadian pacemaker that regulates many circadian rhythms in mammals. Experimental work in microorganisms and invertebrates suggests that protein synthesis is required for the function of the circadian oscillator, and recent experiments in golden hamsters suggest an acute inhibition of protein synthesis can induce phase shifts in a mammalian circadian pacemaker. To determine whether protein synthesis in the SCN region is involved in the generation of circadian rhythms in mammals, a protein synthesis inhibitor, anisomycin, was microinjected into the SCN region, and the effect on the circadian rhythm of locomotor activity of hamsters was measured. A single injection of anisomycin into the SCN region induced phase shifts in the circadian activity rhythm that varied systematically as a function of the phase of injection within the circadian cycle. These results suggest that protein synthesis may be involved in the generation of circadian rhythms in mammals and that the anatomic site of action of anisomycin is within the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic region.
Capital, Consumption, Communication, and Citizenship: The Social Positioning of Taste and Civic Culture in the United States

In this article, the authors analyze the field of cultural consumption in the United States. Using the 2000 DDB Lifestyle Study, they examine a cross-section of Americans in terms of their occupational categories, media usage, consumption practices, social behaviors, and indicators of civic and political engagement. In doing so, the authors find many parallels to the determinants of taste, cultural discrimination, and choice within the field structure observed by Bourdieu in 1960s French society. However, there are also some notable differences in terms of the composition of cultural capital consistent with the concept of omnivorousness. The distribution of positions is largely defined by patterns of taste that discriminate between refinement, moderation, nurturance, and a communal orientation, on one side, and coarseness, excess, aggressiveness, and an individual orientation, on the other. Historical and national differences partly account for this variation, but a major role may be played by the increas...
Making mental health care decisions: Informed consent and involuntary civil commitment

This paper explores the development of the informed consent doctrine as it relates to psychiatric practice. The contribution of the issues of civil commitment and the right to refuse treatment to current developments in the informed consent doctrine is also addressed. Special informed consent issues are related to specific categories of psychiatric treatments. Basic in formed consent requirements in psychiatry are seen as still in the formative stages but the constitutional law and common-law foundations for further developments are outlined. The complicated clinical, ethical, and legal issues involved in modern psychiatric treatment are stimulating new interest and concern about the informed consent doctrine throughout medical practice.
Learning from the Heat of Battle: The Gettysburg Staff Ride:

Some contemporary leaders are learning about organizational complexity through study of battlefield decision making, where decisions literally have life-and-death consequences. This article chronicles one such leadership development exercise, a battlefield staff ride at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, the site of the crucial U.S. Civil War battle. The author rode along with a team of executive development professionals, traveling to Gettysburg and walking the battlefield to learn about decisions made in 1863 as an innovative framework to think more clearly about management education in organizations. This is the story of how leadership lessons from history can be carried into present-day corporate life.
The impact on nodal staging of lymphatic mapping in carcinoma of the colon and rectum

Although the majority of individuals undergoing apparently curative resection for carcinoma of the colon rectum who are found to be without evidence of metastatic disease in the regional lymph nodes will remain free of disease, approximately 20% to 30% of these individuals will develop recurrent disease and die. This may, in part, be due to understaging of the disease. For this reason, there has been increasing interest in approaches to improving staging of all solid tumors, including carcinoma of the colon and rectum. Lymphatic mapping has revolutionized the management of patients with cutaneous melanoma and breast cancer and has been demonstrated to more accurately stage patients with solid tumors. Our investigations as well as others have taken a number of strategies to improving the staging of individuals of colorectal cancer patients with apparently node-negative disease, including the development of a novel ex vivo lymphatic mapping technique. This article summarizes our and other investigations into improved staging of colorectal cancer with an emphasis on the impact of lymphatic mapping on improving the accuracy of staging of apparently node-negative colorectal cancer patients.
Trends in colorectal cancer admissions and stage at presentation: impact of screening.

Background Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rising among patients under age 50. As such, we set out to determine the proportion of CRC-related hospital admissions and distribution of colon cancer by stage in different age groups.
Macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma: A potential thyroid FNA pitfall

Macrofollicular variant of papillary carcinoma (MFPC) is a rare variant of papillary carcinoma in which over 50% of the follicles are represented by macrofollicles. The cytologic features from 7 cases of histologically confirmed MFPC were evaluated. The cytology specimens were evaluated for the following criteria: cellularity, cluster arrangement (micro and macrofollicular), chromatin pattern, nuclear grooves, pseudonuclear inclusions, nuclear shape, nuclear overlap, nucleoli, presence of lymphocytes, macrophages and Hurthle cell, amount and characteristics of background colloid. Most cases were moderately to highly cellular with presence of both microfollicles as well as macrofollicles, but nuclear features of papillary thyroid carcinoma were absent or focal in all cases. MFPC is a variant of papillary carcinoma that can be extremely difficult to diagnose cytologically. The presence of abundant colloid, macrophages, macrofollicular follicular cell arrangement and/or absence of widespread cytologic features associated with papillary carcinoma can lead to an erroneous diagnosis of goiter.
Audit Partner Perceptions of Post-Audit Review Mechanisms: An Examination of Internal Quality Reviews and PCAOB Inspections

SYNOPSIS: This study reports the results of a survey of 107 audit partners from large public accounting firms that investigates and compares partner perceptions of Public Company Accounting Oversi...
Effect of transforming growth factor β on parathyroid hormone receptor binding and cAMP formation in rat osteosarcoma cells

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is now recognized as an important growth regulator and modulator in bone, where it apparently acts in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. In an effort to help elucidate how TGF-beta may interact with parathyroid hormone (PTH) to influence bone turnover, we examined the idea that TGF-beta might alter the number or affinity of PTH receptors in osteoblastic bone cells, PTH receptor binding was assessed in cultured ROS 17/2.8 cells using [125I]PTHrP-(1-34) as labeled ligand. Specific binding to intact cells was measured in the presence of up to 1 microM unlabeled rPTH-(1-34), and cAMP in cell extracts was determined by RIA. Incubation of ROS cells with 2 ng/ml of TGF-beta for the maximally effective time of 3 days increased the number of PTH binding sites (Bmax) by 47 +/- 13%, with no change in the KD (3 nM). TGF-beta also increased the intracellular cAMP response to 0.3 nM rPTH-(1-34) (ED50) by 53 +/- 22%. Both effects were dose dependent, with 1-4 ng/ml of TGF-beta producing maximal effects, and both effects were blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (2-5 microM). Since TGF-beta induced comparable increases in both PTH binding and cAMP formation, the findings suggest that TGF-beta can increase the number of functional PTH receptors in cultured ROS 17/2.8 cells. This effect may reflect an action of TGF-beta to slow replication and promote differentiated functions in these cells.
Static optimization of conjunctive queries with sliding windows over infinite streams

We define a framework for static optimization of sliding window conjunctive queries over infinite streams. When computational resources are sufficient, we propose that the goal of optimization should be to find an execution plan that minimizes resource usage within the available resource constraints. When resources are insufficient, on the other hand, we propose that the goal should be to find an execution plan that sheds some of the input load (by randomly dropping tuples) to keep resource usage within bounds while maximizing the output rate. An intuitive approach to load shedding suggests starting with the plan that would be optimal if resources were sufficient and adding "drop boxes" to this plan. We find this to be often times suboptimal - in many instances the optimal partial answer plan results from adding drop boxes to plans that are not optimal in the unlimited resource case. In view of this, we use our framework to investigate an approach to optimization that unifies the placement of drop boxes and the choice of the query plan from which to drop tuples. The effectiveness of our optimizer is experimentally validated and the results show the promise of this approach.
Effects of glycerol and hyperosmolality on intracranial pressure

Glycerol has been used in cerebral edema for hyperosmolar dehydration of brain tissue, but only empirical relationships govern this use. Since the efficacy of treatment with glycerol would likely increase with data on the relationship between drug blood levels and intracranial pressure (ICP), we examined the clinical pharmacology of the drug. Plasma samples were assayed for glycerol by a new method using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector. Data were collected from 12 children who were in Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh (CHP) and who had cerebral edema of differing etiology that was treated with glycerol; they were monitored by intraventricular catheter. Glycerol was infused according to CHP guidelines. ICP reduction correlated with glycerol concentration and plasma concentrations of 1 to 3 mg/ml (10 to 30 mOsm/ml) were necessary to maintain an ICP below 20 torr. The relationship between osmolality and plasma glycerol level was also examined; there was good correlation between the idiogenic osmolality and drug concentration. Our studies support the clinical observations that relatively high doses of glycerol (0.2 to 1.0 gm/kg/hr), leading to plasma concentrations of 10 to 30 mOsm/l, are necessary to control ICP in patients with cerebral edema. Glycerol blood levels may be estimated from serum osmolality.
Laminin production by murine melanoma cells: possible involvement in cell motility

Three lines of B16 melanoma cells (B16-F1, B16-F10 and B16-BL6) were examined for motility in the micropore filter assay and for synthesis in culture of the basal lamina glycoprotein laminin. All three lines synthesized laminin as judged by the incorporation of [35S]methionine into immunoreactive laminin and secreted (or shed) laminin into the culture medium as indicated by biosynthetic labeling studies and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Immunoreactive laminin was also seen on the surface of the cells as indicated by immunofluorescence staining and by complement-mediated killing. Analysis of [35S]methionine-labeled laminin immunoprecipitates by sodium dodecylsulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) both with and without reduction of intersubunit disulfide bonds revealed that all three cell lines produced a similar array of laminin forms, and that the M r=950kD laminin molecule (but not the uncombined subunits) was secreted into the culture medium. Laminin biosynthesis appeared to be limited by the availability of the M r=400kD A subunit as shown by the intracellular accumulation of excess B subunit in the form of uncombined B subunit (M r =200kD) and as a disulfide-linked B dimer (M r=400 kD). The motility of all three cell lines was stimulated four- to five-fold by the addition of either exogenous laminin from the EHS sarcoma or culture medium from the B16 cells containing the secreted laminin. The stimulated motility was inhibited by antilaminin serum. These observations suggest that the laminin synthesized by the B16 melanoma cells themselves may facilitate their motility.
GRAPLEr: A Distributed Collaborative Environment for Lake Ecosystem Modeling that Integrates Overlay Networks, High-throughput Computing, and Web Services

The GLEON Research And PRAGMA Lake Expedition -- GRAPLE -- is a collaborative effort between computer science and lake ecology researchers. It aims to improve our understanding and predictive capacity of the threats to the water quality of our freshwater resources, including climate change. This paper presents GRAPLEr, a distributed computing system used to address the modeling needs of GRAPLE researchers. GRAPLEr integrates and applies overlay virtual network, high-throughput computing, and Web service technologies in a novel way. First, its user-level IP-over-P2P (IPOP) overlay network allows compute and storage resources distributed across independently-administered institutions (including private and public clouds) to be aggregated into a common virtual network, despite the presence of firewalls and network address translators. Second, resources aggregated by the IPOP virtual network run unmodified high-throughput computing middleware (HTCondor) to enable large numbers of model simulations to be executed concurrently across the distributed computing resources. Third, a Web service interface allows end users to submit job requests to the system using client libraries that integrate with the R statistical computing environment. The paper presents the GRAPLEr architecture, describes its implementation and reports on its performance for batches of General Lake Model (GLM) simulations across three cloud infrastructures (University of Florida, CloudLab, and Microsoft Azure).
Multiphoton ionization technique to determine the ionization threshold of molecules in fluid media

The ionization threshold IL of a molecule in a fluid medium (liquid or dense gas) is substantially lower than that IG of the isolated molecule (low-pressure gas) due to the polarization of the dense medium by the electron-positive ion pair. The lowering of the ionization threshold in going from a low-pressure gas to the liquid has in the past been measured with one-photon ionization techniques. These are, however, limited in many ways as, for example, at high energies by strong absorption of either the solute or the solvent.
What Volatilities Do Options Imply: Intraperiod or Close- to-Close?

Stochastic implied volatilities from option prices and GARCH models are two ways of capturing the time variation of conditional variances. However, what volatilities they predict is still an unanswered question. This paper finds that implied volatilities obtained from options using the Black-Scholes formula are best viewed as predictions of the intraperiod or high-frequency components of volatilities. In contrast, GARCH models capture the low frequency components better. Thus, changes in implied volatility reflect future changes in variations of returns within a period.
GE-13A NOVEL ASSOCIATION OF PRIMARY CNS GERMINOMA IN A PATIENT WITH NAIL PATELLA SYNDROME

Nail patella syndrome (NPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder with a prevalence of 1/50,000 characterized by developmental abnormalities of the nails, knees and elbows, as well as renal dysplasia and open angle glaucoma. NPS is caused by a mutation in the LMX1B gene, a transcription factor involved in ventral/dorsal patterning of the vertebrate limb. While malignancy is rare in patients with NPS, Ewing's sarcoma and colon cancer have been reported. Additionally, NPS has been described in a 5 generation family with neurofibromatosis type 1. We report a novel association of NPS with primary CNS germinoma. A 22-year-old male presented with a two-month history of diabetes insipidus (DI) and headaches. Physical examination revealed partial Parinaud's syndrome, dystrophic nails and surgical repair of left hypoplastic patella. Because the family history revealed numerous maternal family members with dystrophic nails and hypoplastic patellae, we subsequently made a formal clinical diagnosis of NPS. Contrast enhanced MRI of the brain revealed an enhancing cystic pineal mass and a Chiari I malformation; serum and CSF alpha-fetoprotein and beta-human chorionic gonadotropin were negative. Biopsy of the pineal mass was consistent with pure germinoma for which the patient received external beam radiation therapy via intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) as follows: 1) 2520 cGy to the craniospinal axis; 2) 5040 cGy to the pineal region; 3) and 4620 cGy to the suprasellar region (for presumed tumor in the posterior pituitary given the history of DI). He remains in remission 9 years post-treatment. For the NPS, the patient declined referral to genetics due to insurance concerns but he and his family have been referred to appropriate services for screening of other abnormalities associated with the syndrome. This case report suggests that LMX1B may play a role in the development of CNS germinoma.