cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium distribution and transport in myelinated nerve

Ca in desheathed trunks of sciatic nerve ofRana pipiens is completely exchangeable with radioactive45Ca.45Ca distributes in three compartments, one intracellular compartment and two extracellular compartments, which exchange Ca with greatly different rate coefficients. Using impermeable solutes (sucrose, inulin, SO4) and electron microprobe techniques, we have identified the rapidly exchanging extracellular compartment as the interstitial space and the slowly exchanging extracellular compartment, accessible to solutes up to a molecular weight of 5,500, as the mesaxonal gap in the myelin sheath. Ca exists in both extracellular compartments as free Ca and in bound form. After equilibration in solutions containing 1 mM Ca, the contents of the extracellular compartments in mmole/kg wet weight are: 1) Interstitial space: free Ca=0.52, bound Ca=0.19; 2) Myelin region: free Ca=0.12, bound Ca 0.27. The intracellular space contains 0.11 mmole/kg wet weight of Ca. After 4 h of washout,45Ca release represents the Ca flux from the intracellular compartment since it can be inhibited 95% by the combined action of Na and Ca removal and the addition of La. Our results suggest further that45Ca release after this time represents a close approximation of the Ca transport across the axolemmal membrane.45Ca, therefore, represents a suitable tracer probe to investigate Ca compartmentalization and Ca exchange in this tissue.
Flow induced vibrations, drag force, and pressure drop in conduits covered with biofilm

Biofilm was grown in closed conduit reactors under turbulent flow conditions. Structural development of the biofilm suggests that individual microcolonies behave like blunt bodies shedding vortices. The microcolonies assumed elongated forms, termed “streamers”, possibly because of an exerted pressure drag force. The streamers when entrained in the water flow vibrated rapidly dissipating kinetic energy from the bulk liquid. The energy was transferred through the biofilm causing the underlying microcolonies to oscillate. The measured pressure drop was partially attributed to the loss of energy due to these flow induced vibrations and oscillations.
Construction and characterization of cDNA clones encoding the 5' end of the chicken pro α1(I) collagen mRNA

As a first step in isolating the 5' end of the chicken pro alpha 1(I) collagen gene, we constructed cDNA clones complementary to the 5' end of the pro alpha 1(I) mRNA using synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to a conserved region within the N-terminal telopeptide as primers. cDNA clones corresponding to the 5'-untranslated region, signal peptide, N-propeptide and telopeptide were identified based on homology with the human pro alpha 1(I) collagen protein sequence, and on hybridization to pro alpha 1(I) mRNA on Northern blots. A comparison of the nucleotide sequence of these clones with the sequence of the 5' end of the pro alpha 2(I) collagen mRNA confirms that there is 84% homology in a 49-bp region surrounding the translation start point, and shows that there is 70% homology in the nucleotide sequences encoding the N-propeptide triple helical region of the two type-I collagen chains.
Raft localization of Type I Fcε receptor and degranulation of RBL-2H3 cells exposed to decavanadate, a structural model for V2O5

Vanadium oxides (VOs) have been identified as low molecular weight sensitizing agents associated with occupational asthma and compromised pulmonary immunocompetence. Symptoms of adult onset asthma result, in part, from increased signal transduction by Type I Fce receptors (FceRI) leading to release of vasoactive compounds including histamine from mast cells. Exposure to (VOs) typically occurs in the form of particles which are insoluble. Upon contact with water or biological fluids, (VOs) form a series of soluble oxoanions, one of which is decavanadate, V10O286− abbreviated V10, which is structurally related to a common vanadium oxide, that is vanadium pentoxide, V2O5. Here we investigate whether V10 may be initiating plasma membrane events associated with activation of FceRI signal transduction. We show that exposure of RBL-2H3 cells to V10 causes a concentration-dependent increase in degranulation of RBL-2H3 and, in addition, an increase in plasma membrane lipid packing as measured by the fluorescent probe, di-4-ANEPPDHQ. V10 also increases FceRI accumulation in low-density membrane fragments, i.e., lipid rafts, which may facilitate FceRI signaling. To determine whether V10 effects on plasma membrane lipid packing were similarly observed in Langmuir monolayers formed from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), the extent of lipid packing in the presence and absence of V10 and vanadate was compared. V10 increased the surface area of DPPC Langmuir monolayers by 6% and vanadate decreased the surface area by 4%. These results are consistent with V10 interacting with this class of membrane lipids and altering DPPC packing.
Man versus Machine: Robust Regional Processing of EMI Data

The handheld F3 metal detector, developed by the MineLab Corporation, measures the responses of buried objects to electromagnetic pulses. These responses can be processed to determine whether a landmine is present. The simplest processor calculates the total energy in the response, thereby reducing the entire spatial and temporal response to a single value. This value, proportional to the amount of metal in the object, can then be compared to a predetermined threshold. The drawback of this common approach is that, although the threshold may be set so that few, if any, mines are missed, doing so may result in a high false alarm rate. Previous work has demonstrated that incorporating physics-based features into a Bayesian detection framework and performing simple, one-dimensional regional processing can significantly reduce the false alarm rate while maintaining the desired level of detection. Based on these promising results, this approach has been extended to incorporate two-dimensional regional processing. At the test site, data was collected both manually and robotically using nearly identical protocols. Thus, in theory, measured responses should be similar and algorithm performance equivalent whether the detector was operated by a robot or a human. The robustness of various algorithms was evaluated by comparing performance across manual and robotic data sets. Certain physics-based feature detectors were relatively unaffected by the response variability introduced unintentionally by the human operator. However, other algorithms that incorporate more sensitive, often regional, features were able to provide greater gains for the robotic data set than for the manual data set. These results imply that there may be a tradeoff between performance and practical issues that need to be addressed when selecting an algorithm for implementation in a field setting.
Aspects of fasting metabolism in the desert tortoise Gopherus berlandieri

Abstract 1. 1. After 80 days of fasting, liver glucose and glycogen dropped to 33% and 5% of the active feeding values for the desert tortoise, Gopherus berlandieri. As carbohydrate reserves were depleted ureogenesis was increased as evidenced by the tremendous rise in blood (56–363 mg/100 ml) and urine urea (229–600 mg/100 ml), while insignificant changes occurred for uric acid. 2. 2. Activities of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS)(E.C. 6.3.4.5.), argininosuccinate lyase (ASL) (E.C. 4.3.2.1.) and arginase (E.C. 3.5.3.1.) were enhanced fourfold, sixfold and threefold, respectively, whereas carbamylphosphate synthetase (CPS)(E.C. 2.7.2.5.) and ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC)(E.C. 2.1.3.3.) were uneffected by fasting. 3. 3. With the apparent Michaelis constants (Kms) of CPS (ammonia—4.06 mM), OTC (carbamylphosphate—5.3 mM; ornithine—0.64 mM), ASS (citrulline—1.95 mM; aspartate—1.03 mM) and arginase (arginine = 3.2 mM) falling within the range of physiological substrate concentrations, the greater urea production with fasting could have been due to elevated substrate levels associated with fasting gluconeogenesis, and greater concentrations of the last three enzymes of the urea cycle.
Social Work Ethics Online: Reflective Learning

SUMMARY Using e-learning (Blackboard™), a course in ethics promotes reflective learning and critical thinking skills for graduate social work students as participants in an on-learning experience. Reflective learning, based on Schon's (1983) “reflective inquiry,” is facilitated with participants' engagement in weekly case-based discussion of ethical and legal concepts. The internet course exemplifies the principle of “say-writing” (Wegerif, 1998) as an effective strategy for promoting reflective learning.
Watlingia, a New Genus (Cumacea: Lampropidae) from the Waters of New Zealand

Abstract Two species in the new genus Watlingia are described from the Chatham Rise, east of New Zealand, from depths of 350-530 m. The subadult female and male are described and figured for W. cassis, and the subadult female is described and figured for W. chathamensis. The new genus is characterized by the maxillule palp with a single seta, well-developed accessory flagellum of the antennule, and biarticulate uropod endopod.
High performance semiconducting enriched carbon nanotube thin film transistors using metallic carbon nanotubes as electrodes.

High-performance solution-processed short-channel carbon nanotube (CNT) thin film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated using densely aligned arrays of metallic CNTs (m-CNTs) for the source and drain electrodes, while aligned arrays of semiconducting enriched CNTs (s-CNTs) are used as the channel material. The electrical transport measurements at room temperature show that using the m-CNT as the contact for the s-CNT array devices with a 2 μm channel length performed superior to those where the control Pd was the contact. The m-CNT contact devices exhibited a maximum (average) on-conductance of 36.5 μS (19.2 μS), a transconductance of 2.6 μS (1.2 μS), a mobility of 51 cm2 V−1 s−1 (25 cm2 V−1 s−1), and a current on–off ratio of 1.1 × 106 (2.5 × 105). These values are almost an order of magnitude higher than that of control Pd contact devices with the same channel length and s-CNT linear density. The low temperature charge transport measurements suggest that these improved performances are due to the m-CNT contact s-CNT devices having a lower Schottky barrier compared to the Pd contact s-CNT devices. We attribute this lower Schottky barrier to the unique geometry of our devices. In addition to using semiconducting enriched CNTs, our results suggest that using the metallic CNT as an electrode can significantly enhance the performance of CNT TFTs.
The group-theoretic complexity of subsemigroups of boolean matrices

Abstract We find the group-theoretic complexity of many subsemigroups of the semigroup B n of n × n Boolean matrices, including Hall matrices, reflexive matrices, fully indecomposable matrices, upper triangular matrices, row-rank- n matrices, and others.
La tecnología lítica de los Abrigos de "Abdasan" y "Aougni N’Ourigh", (valle de Oukaïmeden, Alto Atlas, Marruecos)

The main technological strategies of the lithic material of Abadsan and Aougni N’Ourigh are presented. The knapping methods and the techniques are specifically described following a chaine operatoire approach. Moreover, the main knapping objectives are pointed out. Finally, some functional insights are proposed following the macroscopic traces found.
Spatially varying Bayesian image estimation.

Rationale and Objectives. Second-order neighborhoods and a spatially varying prior were incorporated into Bayesian image estimation (BIE) to improve image contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) while preserving image resolution. Methods. Second-order neighborhoods were incorporated into the BIE algorithm. A spatially varying BIE (SVBIE) algorithm was developed by incorporating a spatially varying prior. The two algorithms were used to process an anthropomorphic chest phantom image. CNRs, resolution, and image appearance were evaluated. Results. The use of second-order neighborhoods alone improved the CNR in the mediastinum and degraded the resolution. SVBIE demonstrated no degradation of resolution. In the lung region, SVBIE enhanced the CNR but did not perform as well as BIE. In the mediastinum, the SVBIE technique outperformed the older technique and provided a dramatic increase in the CNR over the original image. Conclusion. The SVBIE technique provides improved image CNR with no loss of resolution.
Contact nuclei formation in aqueous dextrose solutions

Abstract A laser Raman microprobe was used in situ to observe the growth of alpha dextrose monohydrate on alpha anhydrous dextrose crystals. The Raman spectra indicate growth of the monohydrate below 28.1°C, but the presence of only the anhydrous form above 40.5°C. Contact nucleation experiments with parent anhydrous crystals yielded only monohydrate nuclei below 28.1°C, while contacts in solutions between 34.5 and 41.0°C produced both crystalline forms, and contacts in solutions above 43.5°C produced only anhydrous nuclei. The inability of the monohydrate to grow on anhydrous crystals in the same solution that forms the two crystalline phases with a single contact precludes a simple attrition mechanism of nuclei formation. For the same reason, the hypothetical mechanism involving parent crystal stabilization of pre-crystalline clusters, allowing the clusters to grow into nuclei, is also contradicted. A third, mechanism, which may be a combination of the two, is believed to apply.
Significance Level in Factorial Design

(1958). Significance Level in Factorial Design. The Journal of Experimental Education: Vol. 26, No. 3, pp. 257-260.
Charge transport in amorphous and tetragonal semiconducting YBaCuO films

Abstract We have explored the charge transport mechanisms in six different YBaCuO semiconducting thin films in the temperature range of 70 K to room temperature. Two of the samples were deposited on LaAlO 3 substrate and were tetragonal with the composition of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.5 and YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.3 . The other four were amorphous as-deposited on Si substrate with and without a MgO buffer layer, and on an oxidized Si substrate with and without a MgO buffer layer. All tested films exhibited semiconductor-type resistance vs. temperature characteristics with increasing resistance as the temperature was decreased. Around room temperature all six samples had thermally activated transport characteristics that was interpreted as activation of hole-like carriers from localized states around the Fermi level to extended states. As the temperature was decreased, two tetragonal samples went through a transition to a variable range hopping-like conduction. The amorphous ones remained within the thermally-activated transport regime in the temperature range of 253 K to 318 K, with E A ≈ 0.2 eV.
Public Writing in Gaming Spaces

Although recent composition scholarship has focused on public writing and civic participation, classroom practices do not (yet) seem to match the theory. This trend should not indicate, though, that public writing is not being done—rather that we may have to look beyond the classroom to see our students participating in it. “Public Writing in Gaming Spaces” argues that the writing computer gamers do in and for their online communities is not only directed to clearly definable audiences and with specific purposes, but also has the potential to institute real, measurable change within gaming communities and the larger gaming industry. What is more, unlike conventional academic spaces and workspaces, the playspace in which gamers write is comprised of textual exchange that is self-motivated; the writers themselves collaboratively construct them. “Gamer-authors” ultimately discover that they are agents who have the power, through writing, to shape the electronic worlds—games and other online spaces—they regularly inhabit, putting into sharp relief how writing does, in fact, matter. It can institute change.
The directional solidification of Al−Cu−Mg monovariant alloys

Alloys whose compositions lie along the ternary monovariant line between the binary Al−Cu and the ternary Al−Cu−Mg eutectics were directionally solidified at rates of 0.17 to 20 cm per hr. Both plane front and cellular or dendritic structures were obtained. A criterion for the breakdown of plane front growth based on constitutional supercooling was found to be valid at both ends of the monovariant line. It was found that the amount of ternary eutectic present at the boundaries of cellular or dendritic structures may be closely predicted by the nonequilibrium lever rule for freezing.
The effect of viscosity on free oscillations of fluid-filled spherical shells

Abstract In order to clarify the effect of fluid viscosity on the vibrations of elastic shells, the axisymmetric free oscillations of a fluid-filled spherical shell are studied. The dynamic response of the shell is determined by the classical normal mode method, while a boundary layer approximation is employed for the compressible viscous fluid medium. The study shows that the fluid viscosity in general will produce a damping effect on the shell motion. It is also shown that the change on the real and imaginary components of each natural frequency due to viscosity are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign. Therefore, the circular frequency of a vibrating spherical shell will decrease with the increase of viscosity of the contained fluid. The study further reveals that viscous damping reaches a peak value in the vicinity of the upper branch in vacuo frequencies and then drops rapidly to a minimum. It is noted that the minimum damping is so small that the shell motion is almost steady state (non-dissipating).
Doubling the Estimated Value of Life: Results Using New Occupational Fatality Data

Using a new series of data on occupational fatalities compiled by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the authors reassess value-of-life calculations based on labor market tradeoffs between fatality risks and wages. The new data are less subject to the problems of measurement error that plague previously used measures of risk. They indicate higher risk levels than previously believed and a significantly different composition of risk levels within industries. The more comprehensive risk data yield value-of-life estimates of $5 million or more—at least twice as large as estimates obtained using the Bureau of Labor Statistics risk data employed in previous studies.
Ontogeny and distribution of cells expressing HLA-B locus-specific determinants in the placenta and extraplacental membranes

Abstract Both the trophectoderm and the inner cell mass of the blastocyst contribute to the cell populations found in the placenta and extraplacental membranes. Previous studies have shown differences between those two embryologically distinct populations of cells in their expression of class I HLA, and further differences among trophectoderm-derived trophoblast cell subpopulations. Binding patterns for antibodies to both monomorphic and allotypic determinants on class I heavy chains have been reported. In the present study, extraembryonic cells were evaluated by immunohistology for binding of the monoclonal antibody 4E, which identifies locus-specific determinants on HLA-B. Some inner cell mass-derived cells (mesenchymal cells) acquired high levels of HLA-B as gestation progressed and others continued to express low levels at late stages of gestation (amnion cells). In contrast, throughout gestation both villous and extravillous trophoblast cells failed to express detectable HLA-B. The binding patterns for 4E followed the patterns established by a monoclonal antibody to class I HLA heavy chains (61D2), and those reported for antisera to allotypic determinants. The findings support the suggestion that trophoblast cells forming the fetal component of the maternal-fetal interface exert highly effective regulation over the expression of class I HLA.
Rethinking race, revealing dilemmas: Imagining a new racial subject in race traitor

Questions of race, racism, and essentialism continue to garner academic and public attention, often provoking debates about how to rethink and/or eliminate race and produce new identities separate from race and racial categories. In this essay, we explore one racial discourse, a contemporary project titled Race Traitor, that seeks to destroy whiteness and replace it with race treason. Drawing on the insights of critical rhetoric, we explore this discourse and argue that one productive approach to race entails consideration of the racial paradox, or the tension between imagining identities beyond race while still recognizing the material reality of race as a fundamental organizing construct. We maintain that strategies of mobility and political solidarity can assist us in navigating the racial paradox.
Size effects in mechanical deformation and fracture of cantilevered silicon nanowires.

Elastic modulus and fracture strength of vertically aligned Si [111] nanowires (o ) 100-700 nm) in an as-grown state have been measured using a new, multipoint bending protocol in an atomic force microscope. All wires showed linear elastic behavior, spring constants which scale with (length) 3 , and brittle failure at the wire-substrate junction. The “effective” Young’s modulus increased slightly (100 f 160-180 GPa) as wire diameter decreased, but fracture strength increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude (MPa f GPa). These results indicate that vapor-liquid-solid grown wires are relatively free of extended volume defects and that fracture strength is likely controlled by twinning and interfacial effects at the wire foot. Small wires (100 nm) grown with a colloidal catalyst were the best performers with high modulus (∼180 GPa) and fracture stress >1 GPa. One-dimensional nano-objects (nanowires, tubes, rods, springs, etc.) have attracted considerable interest lately as building blocks for electromechanical systems (oscillators, sensors, actuators), circuit interconnects, and composite materials of the future. Manipulation and exploitation of these new structures for technological applications requires detailed knowledge of material properties at the single nanostructure level. Previous studies have shown that the “effective” elasticity, strength, and plasticity of materials can all be influenced by size, shape, and “surface effects” (surface stress, oxide layers, roughness, and defects) when nanometer dimensions are involved. 1-5 Given the importance of such issues, it is no surprise that many interrogation techniques have been used to explore these effects: nanoindentation, tensile/bending (static and dynamic) tests, and resonant excitation. 1-16 In particular, atomic force microscope (AFM)based bending experiments on nanobeams and nanowires (NW) are very popular. These approaches typically measure the force required to deform a “beam” fabricated via topdown techniques, 6,7 NWs that have been artificially “fixed” to a surface with metallic pads, 8 or NWs positioned across a gap 9-12 (with and without surface pinning of the wire ends).
Electromechanical properties of charge density waves and spin density waves

Abstract We review a recent theory of sound propagation in the quasi one dimensional charge density wave (CDW) or spin density wave (SDW). The elastic moduli of a CDW or an SDW depend strongly on whether the CDW (or the SDW) is pinned or unpinned. When the CDW (or the SDW) is unpinned, the elastic moduli are the same as in the normal state, while the elastic moduli increase in the CDW (or the SDW) when it is pinned. The electric field dependence of Young's modulus in a CDW is then interpreted in terms of the depining process in a CDW. Our predictions are compared with the experiments in (TMTSF) 2 PF 6 .
Reduction of aldehydes and ketones to methylen derivatives using ammonium formate as a catalytic hydrogen transfer agent

Abstract Various aromatic aldehydes and ketones were reduced to the corresponding hydrocarbons using ammonium formate as the hydrogen source.
50 Multiple steady states in electrochemical reactors

Abstract The uniqueness of the isothermal steady state operation of electrochemical reactors is examined for electrocatalytic reactions with simultaneous mass transport limitations. Analysis includes planar as well as porous, flow-by and packed-bed electrodes, used for electrochemical processing and energy generation. More than one steady state can exist with complex reaction kinetics in certain potential regimes, dependent also on the convective or diffusive transport conditions. From these states, at least one is unstable and it can result in potential or current (rate) oscillations, as indicated by reported experimental observations. In channel-flow electrochemical reactors instabilities can develop at some point within the reactor due to concentration and possibly potential changes. In order to determine conditions and regions of non-uniqueness, the non-linear kinetic and transport equations are solved by polynomial expansion and orthogonal collocation in the interior of the porous electrodes. While a first-order collocation is sufficient here to demonstrate multiplicity, higher order polynomial approximations are necessary to determine the exact potential and concentration regimes for the existence of multiple steady states.
Cell adhesion on polyelectrolyte multilayer coated polydimethylsiloxane surfaces with varying topographies

This article demonstrates that the micro-topography of the surface with respect to the pattern size and pitch influences cell adhesion and proliferation. Extensive research has shown the dependence of cell proliferation on substrate chemistry, but the influence of substrate topography on cell attachment has only recently been appreciated. To evaluate the effect of substrate physical properties (i.e., periodic microstructures) on cell attachment and morphology, we compared the response of several cell types (fibroblasts, HeLa, and primary hepatocytes) cultured on various polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) patterns. PDMS has been used as an artificial construct to mimic biological structures. Although PDMS is widely used in biomedical applications, membrane technology, and microlithography, it is difficult to maintain cells on PDMS for long periods, and the polymer has proved to be a relatively inefficient substrate for cell adhesion. To improve adhesion, we built polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) on PDMS surfaces to increase surface wettability, thereby improving attachment and spreading of the cells. Micrographs demonstrate the cellular response to physical parameters, such as pattern size and pitch, and suggest that surface topography, in part, regulates cell adhesion and proliferation. Therefore, varying the surface topography may provide a method to influence cell attachment and proliferation for tissue-engineering applications.
Diffusion mechanisms of native point defects in rutileTiO2:Ab initiototal-energy calculations

The structural energetics and diffusion mechanisms of the two most important point defects in rutile $\mathrm{Ti}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, the oxygen vacancy $({V}_{\mathrm{O}})$ and the titanium interstitial $({\mathrm{Ti}}_{I})$, are examined using the ab initio pseudopotential total-energy method. The two defects are found to be somewhat competitive in energy, with ${V}_{\mathrm{O}}$ being more favorable in a larger range of the stoichiometry. The ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{I}$, on the other hand, is shown to be the major diffusive species, since its low migration barrier is significantly smaller (by $\ensuremath{\sim}1\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$) compared to that of ${V}_{\mathrm{O}}$. The diffusion mechanisms of ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{I}$ parallel and perpendicular to the crystal $c$ axis are found to be different with a surprisingly larger barrier along the more open [001] direction, which was originally thought to be the easier channel for Ti self-diffusion. These theoretical findings are in excellent quantitative agreement with existing experimental data.
Nucleotide sequence analysis of c-raf-1 cDNA and promoter from a radiation-resistant human squamous carcinoma cell line: deletion within exon 17.

The c-raf-1 proto-oncogene is the cellular homologue of v-raf, the oncogene of the acutely transforming retrovirus 3611-MSV. The product of c-raf-1 (raf-1) is a 74-kDa cytoplasmic serine/threonine protein kinase. We previously reported that antisense human c-raf-1 cDNA transfection results in reduction of the endogenous c-raf-1 transcript, decreased tumor growth rate, and enhanced radiation sensitivity of SQ-20B tumor cells established from a radiation-resistant laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In the study reported here, we used cDNA-linked polymerase chain reaction amplification and nucleotide sequencing to examine the structure of the 3233-bp SQ-20B c-raf-1 cDNA. The 812-bp c-raf-1 promoter region was analyzed by genomic DNA amplification followed by cloning and sequencing. Sequence comparison with a previously published c-raf-1 sequence indicated no structural changes within the coding region of SQ-20B c-raf-1. However, a 4-bp deletion was observed in the 3′ untranslated region within exon 17. This deletion was also present in a c-raf-1 cDNA clone isolated from a SQ-20B cDNA library. While the possibility of a 3′ transcriptional control mechanism cannot be ruled out, it appears that the raf-1 protein kinase may regulate the development of radioresistant malignancies via interaction with other molecules in the damage and repair—related signal transduction pathways. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
“Delay Scheduling”: A New Concept for Stabilization in Multiple Delay Systems:

A trajectory-tracking problem is considered for a linear time invariant (LTI) dynamics with a fixed control law. However, the feedback line is affected by multiple time delays. The stability of the...
The role of the splanchnic circulation in the regulation of total intravascular volume during alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation

Previous studies have not defined the contribution of the splanchnic circulation to the total intravascular volume change associated with selective alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation. Since the splanchnic circulation is responsible for the total volume changes associated with other types of selective autonomic receptor stimulation, the present study was undertaken to examine the influence of alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation on splanchnic intravascular volume, the hemodynamic mechanism responsible for the splanchnic volume change, and the contribution of the splanchnic volume change to the change in total volume. In 35 anesthetized dogs, blood from the vena cavae was drained into an extracorporeal reservoir and returned to the right atrium at a constant rate so that changes in total intravascular volume could be measured as reciprocal changes in reservoir volume. Phenylephrine infusion (100 μg/min) for 20 min in 28 dogs was associated with a decrease in total volume of 64±17 (SEM) ml (P<0.0001). The response was abolished by either alpha adrenergic blockade or evisceration but was not attenuated by beta adrenergic blockade, sinoaortic baroreceptor denervation, ganglionic blockade, or splenectomy. In 5 animals with separate splanchnic perfusion and drainage, total and splanchnic volumes decreased 59±8 ml (P<0.0001) and 317±20 ml (P<0.0001), respectively, while transhepatic vascular resistance increased 17±4 cm H2O·min/l (P<0.0001). These responses were abolished after alpha adrenergic blockade. Thus, splanchnic volume decreases with alpha adrenergic receptor stimulation, despite an increase in hepatic resistance to splanchnic, venous outflow. The splanchnic volume decrement is entirely responsible for the total volume decrement.
Reference Interview or Reference Dialogue

The author argues that trends in library literature mask the inherently patriarchal aspects of reference services. Through the critical educational theories of Paulo Freire and others, it is suggested here that there is a need to transform reference services in order to better serve the needs of today's users and that innovative technologies provide an opportunity to do so.
High resolution genotyping by restriction enzyme-phased sequencing of advanced backcross lines of rice exhibiting differential cold stress recovery

Advanced backcross rice lines MIb 4853-9 and 6885-2 harbor major seedling cold tolerance QTL qCTS4 and qCTS12 from the temperate japonica M202 in the genetic background of the indica IR50. Previous studies have shown that these lines exhibit the same tolerance, based on visual ratings, under constant and intermittent exposure to cold stress. However, some differences between the MIb lines with regard to physiological stress indicators are observed under constant exposure and a clear difference is detected using a cold stress recovery assay. Genotyping with over 120 SSR markers did not detect any polymorphisms. Here we report using a reduced representation sequencing method called Restriction Enzyme Site Comparative Analysis to identify M202 introgressions unique to each MIb line as candidate loci for the cold stress recovery trait.
Prolonged Adverse Reactions to LSD in Psychotic Subjects

THE INCREASED abuse of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) has aroused popular concern for its complications and has led the leading pharmaceutical manufacturer to withdraw its supplies from investigational use. Recent reports, especially those in the lay press, give the impression of an increasing incidence of persistent psychoses, associating the observations with the illicit use of LSD.1,2 The experimental LSD experience in medical settings is usually described as transient, limited to a few hours or at most a day. The persistence of ideational or emotional changes beyond 24 hours may be defined as "prolonged effects" and these have been reported in surprisingly few subjects.3,4The descriptions of these prolonged adverse effects generally include spontaneous recurrences of the acute LSD experience, persistent psychotic decompensations, induced depression with attempted and completed suicides, and multihabituation. The durations of these states range between one week and two years, with about 40% of the
Behavioral changes in Anolis carolinensis following injection with fluoxetine

Eight adult male lizards of the genus and species Anolis carolinensis were used in this experiment. In order to induce aggressive responding, animals were caged separately and daily underwent pairing with another male, during which aggressive responses and changes in skin color were measured. After obtaining a baseline measure of aggressive responding, animals were injected either with fluoxetine or vehicle-controls in a cross-over design. Subjects were then exposed to five more days of (non drug) pairing with the intruder male, after which they underwent a second trial with fluoxetine/vehicle. Finally, two post-drug paired-trials were obtained. Fluoxetine injection significantly reduced the aggressive responding in the males while causing the postorbital eyespot to significantly darken. Subjects also showed increased aggressivity and skin-color reactivity subsequent to the two drug trials, although it is unclear if the fluoxetine, or non-specific factors of the injection paradigm, accounted for these changes. These results suggest that serotonergic CNS systems tonically regulate aggression in Anolis carolinesis, similar to that seen in many other species. They further suggest that eyespot-darkening and aggressive responding can be pharmacologically dissociated, implicating serotonin in the regulation of this phenomenon.
TU‐G‐301‐01: Practical Contouring: Prostate and H&N Anatomies

In the last decade IMRT and related treatment modes have become de facto, if not actual standards of care. These modes are heavily dependent on the anatomical modeling phase of treatment planning. It may in fact be argued that this is the most important step in the planning process, as the optimization and plan evaluation will be directly affected by a good or poor anatomical model. Physicists have increasingly been called upon to do much of this contouring, yet have traditionally had only a brief formal introduction to anatomy. This session will provide a brief overview and refresher on two anatomical regions that have come to be most often treated by IMRT and like modalities. Dr. Jonn Wu will discuss the contouring of prominent normal structures and target volumes in the head and neck using multiple imaging modalities, and illuminate key concepts in identifying these structures. Dr. I‐Chow Hsu will discuss the structures in the pelvis relevant to prostatic treatments, including pelvic lymphatic chains, using CT and the Visible Human Project. Learning Objectives: 1. To better understand how to identify structures in the head and neck 2. To better understand how to identify structures in the pelvis relevant to prostate treatments 3. To understand the impact and pitfalls of different imaging modalities in these anatomical locations.
On the use of consistent approximations in boundary element-based shape optimization in the presence of uncertainty

This work addresses certain aspects of shape optimization for linearly elastic systems in the presence of uncertainty. The goal is to formulate and test a set of computationally tractable methods for incorporating uncertainty in the system. The boundary element method is employed in solving the underlying elasticity equations. The resulting minimax problem is studied in the context of the so-called consistent approximations, which allow for adaptive control of the discretization error during the iterative optimization process.
Development of a low-dissipation valve for use in a cold-cycle dilution refrigerator

A low-dissipation valve for use at helium temperatures, which uses a polished stainless steel valve head and a PCTFE seat for the sealing surfaces, has been developed and tested. The leak rate with a closing force of 10 kgf and a differential pressure of 8000 Pa across the valve was experimentally determined to be approximately 0.2 μmol/s of gaseous helium at 4.2 K. Estimates of dissipation obtained using finite element analysis and experimental results from bellows tests suggest that this valve has energy dissipation on the order of 2 μJ per cycle. The valve is found to be suitable as a compressor valve for a previously proposed cold-cycle dilution refrigerator (CCDR) as well as other refrigeration cycles that require low temperature valves.
Flux-line lattice anisotropy in V3Si: Observation and interpretation

Abstract The high-Tc A15 compound V3Si belongs to a small class of intrinsically high-gk, clean, type-II superconductors. For such a material in the low-field mixed state, the inter-flux-line forces are dominated by the microscopic field interactions. We have observed directly manifestations of anisotropic flux line (FL) interactions by means of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) from the flux-line lattice (FLL) in a high quality single crystal of V3Si. Pronounced correlations were found between the FLL morphology (orientation and symmetry) and the symmetry of the real crystal lattice (CL) axis parallel to the applied field. Moreover, for a fixed sample orientation in the field, we observe changes in the FLL symmetry with flux density B. We have interpreted the data in terms of weak nonlocality in the electrodynamic response, and anisotropy in the Fermi surface and electron-phonon interaction of the cubic material. A reciprocal space power series expansion for the mixed state free energy is obtained and fitted to the observe FLL morphology. The results are compaed with of previously measured Hc2 and gap anisotropy.
The frequency of systolic versus diastolic heart failure in an Egyptian cohort

Background: All factors predisposing for congestive heart failure (CHF), such as coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension and diabetes are increasing in prevalence in Egypt. Despite this, no data about CHF in our country are available. Aims: To study the relative contribution of systolic vs. diastolic heart failure in Egyptians and the prevalence of risk factors in this population, as well as their prognosis. Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with a diagnosis of CHF over a 3.5-year period in a general cardiology clinic. Demographic, ECG and echocardiographic data for left ventricular systolic and diastolic function were collected. The differential effect of systolic versus diastolic CHF was analyzed regarding hospitalization and mortality. Results: After exclusion of valvular diseases, we found 155 patients diagnosed with heart failure, 102 patients (66%) had systolic heart failure, and 53 (34%) had diastolic heart failure. Mean age was 60±10 and 63±11 years, respectively (P=0.13). Systolic CHF patients had significantly more CAD, while those with diastolic failure were mostly hypertensives (P<0.01) for both. There was no significant difference in the incidence of diabetes mellitus, cerebrovascular accidents or atrial fibrillation between the two groups. Patients with systolic failure required more hospitalization, P<0.05, and had a mortality rate of 17.6% vs. 11.3% for patients with diastolic heart failure (P=0.3). Conclusion: Diastolic heart failure is present in one-third of cases of CHF in Egyptians. Hypertension is very common in this group. These patients require less hospitalization but have a similar mortality rate.
Software error resulting in malfunction of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

ICD Software Error. Loss of ventricular output resulting from an unexpected software error in a dual chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is reported. A 70-year-old man with a dual chamber ICD implanted for a history of cardiac arrest and infra-Hisian block presented with acute onset of dizziness. He was found to have loss of ventricular output due to an internal software problem. The problem was corrected by software reprogramming via the programmer. This malfunction exemplifies the potential ability to correct current-generation ICD software problems noninvasively, thus avoiding the need for replacement.
A Framework for Aligning Technology With Transition Competencies

We describe a model that can be used as a framework to guide decision-making about the use of technology to facilitate the development of competencies that people with disabilities need in order to make a successful transition from school to various adult environments. Legal mandates associated with the provision of transition services and technology are described. Types of technology and the technology continuum are explained. Examples of technology applications to facilitate competencies in seven areas of human function that cut across different adult environments are provided. Several on-line sources of information about technology that can be used to support competencies needed for successful transition are provided. Implications are drawn for the use of the framework by those involved in planning and delivering transition services.
The Premise and Promise of Citizenship and Civil Society for Renewing Democracies and Empowering Sustainable Communities

State regimes have launched policies to “reinvent” government and “regenerate” communities in peripheral impoverished rural and urban areas to build sustainable communities and reduce poverty. We investigate the impact of policy concepts–the empowerment paradigm, citizenship as citizen participation and inclusion, and associations between the state and civil society–on local areas' success in leveraging dollars to foster sustainable economic and community development in persistently poor rural areas of the U.S. The thirty-three rural sites of the Empowerment Zone/Enterprise Communities Initiative of the Clinton-Gore Administration comprise our database. We find that empowering area-based, low-income residents through the election mechanism to choose their representatives on the local sites' governing board is strongly and significantly related to both inclusion and citizen participation. Also, the presence of elected citizens with connections to civil society on the governing body contributes strongly to later success in leveraging dollars.
Effect of Lung Volume on Voice Onset Time (VOT)

This investigation was designed to test the hypothesis that voice onset time (VOT) varies as a function of lung volume. Recordings were made of five men as they repeated a phrase containing stressed /pi/ syllables, beginning at total lung capacity and ending at residual volume. VOT was found to be longer at high lung volumes and shorter at low lung volumes in most cases. This finding points out the need to take lung volume into account when using VOT as an index of laryngeal behavior in both healthy individuals and those with speech disorders.
Recrystallization and texture in boron-doped Ni3Al

Abstract The recrystallization kinetics, structure development, stored energy of cold work, and rolling and recrystallization textures were studied on boron-doped Ni76Al24. Despite a very high stored energy of cold work, the recrystallization kinetics were very slow compared with those for pure metals or disordered solid solutions but were similar to those for other intermetallic compounds. The development of the deformed and recrystallized microstructure is similar to that of metals with an intermediate stacking fault energy. Heavy shear banding was observed at high strains, and recrystallization always proceeds from these shear bands. While the rolling texture is a typical brass-type texture, the recrystallization texture is not a brass-type recrystallization texture but consists of components, which are related by a 25° 〈100〉 rotation to each other and with the deformation texture. The observed phenomena are attributed to the constraints of grain boundary motion in long-range ordered structures.
Satellite Monitoring of Global Land Cover Changes and their Impact on Climate

Land cover is a crucial, spatially and temporally varying component of global carbon and climate systems. Therefore accurate estimation and monitoring of land cover changes is important in global change research. Although, land cover has dramatically changed over the last few centuries, until now there has been no consistent way of quantifying the changes globally.
Calculation of photon exposure and ambient dose slant-path buildup factors for radiological assessment

Slant-path photon buildup factors for nine radiation shielding materials (air, aluminum, concrete, iron, lead, leaded glass, polyethylene, stainless steel, and water) are calculated with the most recent cross-section data available using Monte Carlo and discrete ordinates methods. Discrete ordinates calculations use a 244-group energy structure based on previous research at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) and focus on the effects of group widths in multigroup calculations for low-energy photons. Buildup-factor calculations in discrete ordinates benefit from coupled photonlelectron cross sections to account for secondary photon effects. Also, ambient dose equivalent buildup factors were analyzed at lower energies where corresponding response functions do not exist in the literature. The results of these studies are directly applicable to radiation safety at LANL, where the dose-modeling code PANDEMONIUM is used to estimate worker dose in plutonium-handling facilities. Buildup factors determined in this work will be used to enhance the code's modeling capabilities but also should be of general interest to the radiation shielding community.