cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Growth and structure of ultrathin Cr films on Pt(111)

The growth and structure of ultrathin chromium films on Pt(111) have been studied using low-energy He+ ion scattering spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, low energy electron diffraction and scanning tunneling microscopy. Upon initial deposition at room temperature, the Cr atoms migrate along the Pt terraces and populate the step edges. Further growth results in two-dimensional islands of chromium developing from the step edges and across the Pt terraces. The film is pseudomorphic to the Pt(111) substrate. At coverages above 3 ML, chromium forms three-dimensional elongated islands oriented along the three closepacked directions of the Pt(111) surface. The chromium overlayer adopts a bcc (110) surface structure with the close-packed overlayer directions, 〈111〉, aligned with the close-packed Pt(111) directions, 〈110〉. The presence of the Cr overlayer was found to electronically perturb the Pt surface atoms leading to a redistribution of charge between Pt and Cr.
The detection of solutal convection during electrochemical measurement of the oxygen diffusivity in liquid tin

Electrochemical titration was used as a means to determine the mass diffusivity of oxygen in liquid tin at various temperatures. Solutal convection was present depending on the conditions, and this was inferred from an enhancement in the effective diffusivity. The experiments were conducted in two different modes of operation, and in each case, we attempted to align the oxygen concentration gradient such that it was parallel to the gravitational field. In the first mode, the concentration gradient was such that the fluid was heavy at the bottom and lighter at the top, and in the second, the reverse was true. The second mode was potentially unstable and sometimes gave rise to substantial convection for large values of the oxygen concentration gradient. The measured effective diffusivities were then higher than the corresponding measurements in the first mode of operation. Activation energies in two different temperature ranges were obtained by using an Arrhenius relationship.
Emerging Neurotechnologies for Lie-Detection: Promises and Perils

Detection of deception and confirmation of truth telling with conventional polygraphy raised a host of technical and ethical issues. Recently, newer methods of recording electromagnetic signals from the brain show promise in permitting the detection of deception or truth telling. Some are even being promoted as more accurate than conventional polygraphy. While the new technologies raise issues of personal privacy, acceptable forensic application, and other social issues, the focus of this paper is the technical limitations of the developing technology. Those limitations include the measurement validity of the new technologies, which remains largely unknown. Another set of questions pertains to the psychological paradigms used to model or constrain the target behavior. Finally, there is little standardization in the field, and the vulnerability of the techniques to countermeasures is unknown. Premature application of these technologies outside of research settings should be resisted, and the social conversation about the appropriate parameters of its civil, forensic, and security use should begin.
Desipramine toxicity and its treatment.

Abstract Effect of a continuous intravenous infusion of desipramine (0.5 mg/kg/min) on blood pressure, myocardial contractile force and electrocardiogram (ECG) was investigated in anesthetized mongrel dogs. Following an initial sympathomimetic effect, desipramine produced a depression of contractile force and a lowering of blood pressure. In most experiments, prolongation of the P-R interval and QRS duration, with no other appreciable change in the ECG pattern, were seen in doses as high as 25 mg/kg. In a few experiments, however, ventricular ectopic beats and multifocal ventricular tachycardia were observed during desipramine infusion. Withdrawal of desipramine infusion at a time when the contractile force was depressed by 66% or 100% of control values did not reverse the myocardial depressant effects so that complete cardiac arrest was produced as the end result. Administration of epinephrine following desipramine-induced myocardial depression had only a transient myocardial stimulant effect, and reversal of myocardial depression could not be obtained in either of the two experimental groups. On the other hand, ouabain (20 μg/kg) injected after 66% depression of contractile force by desipramine restored the contractility to the pre-desipramine levels. In experiments where 100% depression of contractile force was obtained with desipramine, a combined administration of epinephrine (1 μg/kg) followed by ouabain (20 μg/kg) was necessary to obtain an immediate and sustained increase in the myocardial contractility.
Extracting patterns of behavior from a network of binary sensors

According to the World Health Organization and the US Department of Health, older adults are one of the most rapidly expanding population segments of many developed countries. As a result, significant research in the area of assistive technologies for the elderly has been undertaken to help manage this growing demographic segment. Our contribution to this effort is based on leveraging environmental sensors to track occupants for extended durations in their homes in order to extract and track various behavioral patterns in order to identify atypical activities. To aid in our detection of behavioral patterns, we extract additional intermediate indicators of mobility and behavior such as estimates of an occupant’s position as well as other parameters such as guest visitations. In our initial research, we did not associate these instances of atypical behaviors with any specific health events. Our primary goal was to see if it was possible to detect atypical behaviors using only the limited data that can be extracted using passive infrared sensors. We compared the days when atypical patterns were detected with the similar analysis of a human annotated activity log and determined that there is a strong correlation between patterns extracted from our derived behavioral indicators and those from the annotated activities. We also compared our systems result’s across multiple datasets to verify that our approach could be applied to different sensor configurations and occupants.
IgM Production by Bone Marrow Plasmablasts Contributes to Long-Term Protection against Intracellular Bacterial Infection

IgM responses are well known to occur early postinfection and tend to be short-lived, which has suggested that this Ig does not significantly contribute to long-term immunity. In this study, we demonstrate that chronic infection with the intracellular bacterium Ehrlichia muris elicits a protective, long-term IgM response. Moreover, we identified a population of CD138highIgMhigh B cells responsible for Ag-specific IgM production in the bone marrow. The IgM-secreting cells, which exhibited characteristics of both plasmablasts and plasma cells, contributed to protection against fatal ehrlichial challenge. Mice deficient in activation-induced cytidine deaminase, which produce only IgM, were protected against fatal ehrlichial challenge infection. The IgM-secreting cells that we have identified were maintained in the bone marrow in the absence of chronic infection, as antibiotic-treated mice remained protected against challenge infection. Our studies identify a cell population that is responsible for the IgM production in the bone marrow, and they highlight a novel role for IgM in the maintenance of long-term immunity during intracellular bacterial infection.
Novel Asterisk 16QAM Constellation for COFDM

We propose a new QAM constellation called A16QAM. This constellation leads to the better average SER and the better CFM than the existing S16QAM, while having the same OFDM PMEPR upper-bounds as S16QAM. In addition, the OFDM PMEPR built by A16QAM is upper bounded by 4.0 and 2.0, if the information symbols are coded using Golay sequences and Golay complementary pairs, respectively.
A wireless microsystem for the remote sensing of pressure, temperature, and relative humidity

This work presents a microsystem that utilizes inductive power and data transfer through a backscatter-modulated carrier and a transducer interface that monitors its environment through embedded capacitive transducers. Formed on a single chip, transducers for temperature, pressure, and relative humidity are realized using a silicon-on-glass process that combines anodic bonding and a silicon-gold eutectic to realize vacuum-sealed cavities with low-impedance (6 /spl Omega/) electrical feedthroughs. Temperature is sensed capacitively using a row of Si/Au bimorph beams that produce a sensitivity of 15 fF//spl deg/C from 20 to 100/spl deg/C. The absolute pressure sensors have a sensitivity of 15 fF/torr and a range from 500 to 1200 torr, while the relative humidity sensor responds with 39 fF/%RH from 20 to 95%RH. A relaxation oscillator implements low-power capacitance-to-frequency conversion on a second chip with a sensitivity of 750 Hz/pF at 10 kHz, forming a 341 /spl mu/W transducer interface. The system is remotely powered by a 3-MHz carrier and has a volume of 32 mm/sup 3/, including the hybrid antenna wound around the perimeter of the system.
Molecular structure of W(PMe3)3H6 in the solid state and in solution

Abstract The molecular structure of W(PMe3)3H6 has been identified by low temperature (−123 °C) X-ray diffraction studies as a classical hydride compound, with a tricapped trigonal prismatic geometry in which two of the PMe3 ligands adopt eclipsed positions on opposite triangular faces of the prism and one PMe3 ligand caps a rectangular face. The solid state structure is reproduced well by density functional theory geometry optimization calculations on the molecule in the gas phase. NMR spectroscopic studies provide evidence that W(PMe3)3H6 also exists as a classical hydride compound in solution. For example, the T1(min) value for the hydride ligands of W(PMe3)3H6 is 380 ms at 500 MHz and 310 ms at 400 MHz, values that are more in accord with a classical hydride formulation than a nonclassical one. Likewise, the W(PMe3)3H6−xDx isotopologues (obtained by isotope exchange with either deuterobenzene or deuterotoluene) exhibit upfield (+13 ppb) deuterium secondary isotope effects on the hydride chemical shift, which are also consistent with a classical description.
The nucleotide exchange factors Grp170 and Sil1 induce cholera toxin release from BiP to enable retrotranslocation

Cholera toxin (CT) intoxicates cells by trafficking from the cell surface to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), where the catalytic CTA1 subunit hijacks components of the ER-associated degradation (ERAD) machinery to retrotranslocate to the cytosol and induce toxicity. In the ER, CT targets to the ERAD machinery composed of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Hrd1-Sel1L complex, in part via the activity of the Sel1L-binding partner ERdj5. This J protein stimulates BiP's ATPase activity, allowing BiP to capture the toxin. Presumably, toxin release from BiP must occur before retrotranslocation. Here, using loss-and gain-of-function approaches coupled with binding studies, we demonstrate that the ER-resident nucleotide exchange factors (NEFs) Grp170 and Sil1 induce CT release from BiP in order to promote toxin retrotranslocation. In addition, we find that after NEF-dependent release from BiP, the toxin is transferred to protein disulfide isomerase; this ER redox chaperone is known to unfold CTA1, which allows the toxin to cross the Hrd1-Sel1L complex. Our data thus identify two NEFs that trigger toxin release from BiP to enable successful retrotranslocation and clarify the fate of the toxin after it disengages from BiP.
Magnetic properties of RF sputtered Fe(N)/NiFeCo(N) films

The magnetic properties of iron films can be made softer by depositing multilayers with NiFeCo and by adding nitrogen to the films. In both cases, the average grain size of the iron film is reduced. The anisotropy field, Hk, of Fe(N)/NiFeCo(N) films is shown to be a weighted average of the anisotropy fields of the constituent films, consistent with strong ferromagnetic coupling between the layers. Hk and the easy-axis coercivity, Hce, are significantly reduced by annealing. Both Hk and Hce increase with decreasing thickness below 0.5 mu m. The saturation magnetostriction, lambda s, increases with annealing, indicating the growth of interdiffusion zones. >
Are Drugs Substitutes or Complements for Intensive (and Expensive) Medical Treatment

The large geographic variation in Medicare spending has garnered a great deal of attention in the health reform debate, largely because it is viewed as evidence of expensive inefficiencies in spending on public insurance. Analysis of this variation, however, has mainly been based on only a subset of total Medicare spending, because information on pharmaceutical spending has not been available until recently (Yuting Zhang, Katherine Baicker and Joseph P. Newhouse, 2010a). This made it impossible to know whether the observed variation was overstated (because greater drug utilization substituted for other medical spending) or understated (because higher medical spending, reflecting a more intensive medical style, was associated with higher prescribing). Using Medicare data on both drug and medical (non-drug) spending for traditional feefor-service enrollees, we examine the relationships between spending on different types of health care across the 306 market areas, or Hospital Referral Regions (HRRs), as defined by the Dartmouth Atlas (The Dartmouth Atlas Project, 2010a). We examine both the quantity of spending on pharmaceutical and other medical spending and several measures of the quality and value of that spending. This allows us to gauge not only the total variation in spending but also the degree to which additional spending on drugs reflects potentially efficient substitution of inputs into health production versus inefficient practice style intensity that produces neither better health outcomes nor offsetting savings in other medical inputs. For example, do Medicare beneficiaries in areas with higher spending on pharmaceuticals designed to control chronic condition have fewer physician visits, reducing variation in total spending relative to medical spending, or do they have more physician visits where they are given more prescriptions, amplifying the variation in medical spending? In addition, we examine the extent to which patterns of enrollment in Medicare Advantage, the managed care alternative to traditional feefor-service Medicare, are associated with differences in the quantity and quality of care received by enrollees in traditional Medicare – an indicator of potential spillover effects or selection into the Medicare Advantage program.
Health trajectories of family caregivers: associations with care transitions and adult day service use.

Objective: The study examines family caregivers’ health changes over 1 year on four health dimensions and explores the association of differential health trajectories with adult day service (ADS) use and caregiving transitions. Method: The participants were 153 primary caregivers of individuals with dementia (IWDs) who provided information on care situations and their own health at baseline, 6-month, and 12-month interviews. Results: Caregivers showed increasing functional limitations and decreasing bodily pain over time, whereas role limitation and general health perception remained stable. Furthermore, caregivers’ trajectories of functional limitation were associated with their extent of ADS use at baseline and their relatives’ placement. Discussion: Health is multidimensional; all dimensions of caregiver health do not change in a uniform manner. The findings underscore the importance of the association of caregiving transitions and caregiver health and the potential health benefits of ADS use for famil...
Passive smoking and risk of adult asthma and COPD: an update

The number of published studies on passive smoking as a risk factor for adult onset asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is small compared with the number on the adverse health effects of passive smoking on childhood respiratory symptoms and diseases. The paucity of research among adults may partly be due to a number of factors that make it difficult to design studies of these non-malignant respiratory diseases. The potential for misclassification of smoking status, with former or current smokers categorised as passive smokers, has been a longstanding concern in studies that rely on self reports of past smoking habits. Measuring past passive smoke exposure presents a major challenge in studies of chronic diseases that may become clinically apparent only after 20 or more years of exposure. Over-reporting of symptoms that subjects attribute to passive smoking is increasingly likely as public awareness of passive smoking increases. Also, it is difficult to measure lifetime exposure to the number of other confounding agents that are risk factors, which must be controlled for in studies of passive smoking. While causation of asthma and COPD from passive smoking may not be directly demonstrable, it is possible to infer causal relationships from the concordance of scientific evidence, and Hill’s nine criteria for causal association provide a useful guide for evaluating available evidence.1 The nine criteria include strength of association, consistency, specificity, temporality, dose-response, plausibility, coherence, experimental evidence, and analogy. Of these criteria, plausibility, coherence, and analogy are fulfilled in relation to COPD by the established association of active cigarette smoking with chronic airflow obstruction. However, the criteria of specificity and experimental evidence have little relevance for human diseases associated with cigarette smoking.2 Of the remaining criteria, strength of association, consistency, temporality, and dose-response have the greatest relevance for evaluating the evidence on …
Large-girth LDPC codes based on graphical models

In this paper we construct two classes of LDPC codes with girth 16 and 20, respectively, based on graphical models. These codes are well-structured, regular, and with column weight j = 2, which greatly simplifies their implementation. The codes with girth g = 16 have code rate r = 1/2. And the codes with girth g = 20 have code rate r = 1/3. Simulation results compare their bit-error-rate (BER) decoding performance in AWGN channels with randomly constructed LDPC codes.
Waveguide modulators with extended linear dynamic range-a theoretical prediction

A novel modification of the directional coupler modulator is described that reduces the nonlinear distortion and improves the linear dynamic range. The calculated results indicate that the ratio of optical signal power to the spurious signal power of this device is 30-40 dB larger than that of a Mach-Zehnder interferometric modulator. >
Trends in antimalarial drug deployment in sub-Saharan Africa

Antimalarial drug resistance is forcing newly developed pharmaceuticals into widespread use at an accelerating pace. To have the greatest public health impact, new pharmaceuticals will need to be deployed effectively in sub-Saharan Africa. Achieving effective antimalarial drug deployment over the short- to medium-term will require an appreciation of how drugs are currently used in Africa and the development of innovative approaches to optimize that use. Over the long-term, fundamental changes in the way that drugs are deployed will probably be required. There are many new strategies and initiatives that, to a greater or lesser degree, will influence how drugs are used. These influences may have a positive or negative effect on reducing malaria morbidity and mortality. The concept of analyzing and monitoring programmatic effectiveness allows for a more holistic understanding of these influences and allows for more unbiased, evidence-based decision making related to drug policy and deployment.
Standards: DASC sees moves toward formality in design

We discussed two interesting standardization proposals: Rosetta and Esterel version 7. Both are based on technology that has been under development for a long time, and both target the formalization of system-level design and verification. System-level design involves consolidating information from multiple domains to predict the effects of design decisions. To support system-level design, a language must allow heterogeneous specification while providing mechanisms to compose information across domains. The goal of the Rosetta system-level design language is to compose heterogeneous specifications in a single semantic environment. Esterel is a for mal synchronous language for unambiguously specifying and implementing hardware and software embedded systems. Thus the purpose of is paper is to provide the EDA, semi conductor, and systems-design communities with a well- defined, official IEEE definition of the Esterel language
PUMP MODE PREDICTION FOR FOUR-QUADRANT VELOCITY CONTROL OF VALUELESS HYDRAULIC ACTUATORS

Displacement-controlled actuation offers energy savings by eliminating the metering losses associated with hydraulic valves and allowing energy recovery. In a closed-circuit configuration, four-quadrant pump operation can be achieved. This paper considers displacement-controlled boom lift cylinders on a skid-steer loader. Undesirable pump mode oscillation is observed while rapidly lowering small loads. Avoiding this oscillation requires actuator pressure control, which cannot be directly achieved due to insufficient pump dynamic response. The authors propose a predictive observer to provide sufficient lead time for feedforward control of actuator pressure. Design and analysis are presented for a discrete time linear observer which predicts future system states by delaying the input signal. Successful state prediction is demonstrated through simulation and experiment.
Joint optimization of quantization and on-line channel estimation for low bit-rate video transmission

Optimal quantization and channel estimation are one among the main issues in low bit-rate video transmission over time varying noisy channels. Previous approaches to these issues were mainly based on quantizers optimized for parametric channel models and pilot symbol aided techniques for channel identification. However, this optimality may not hold when the randomly varying channel behavior deviates from these models. Also, the cost involved in terms of delay could be large for pilot symbol based channel estimation. We propose a new empirically optimized channel matched quantizer and a stochastic learning algorithm that estimates and tracks the channel with minimal additional delay and overhead. Performance analysis of the algorithm shows that the new adaptive quantizer results in a better quality video. The learning algorithm converges very fast.
Acute anuric renal failure: a complication of combined thrombolytic and antithrombotic therapy

Thrombolytic agents are routinely given to patients with acute myocardial infarction, often in combination with heparin. Genitourinary hemorrhage is an uncommon adverse effect of systemic thrombolysis, and acute azotemic complications are distinctly rare. We describe a case of genitourinary hemorrhage after combined thrombolytic and antithrombotic therapy leading to acute bilateral ureteral obstruction and then briefly review renal complications of systemic thrombolysis.
The Formation of a Forward-Tilting Cold Front with Multiple Cloud Bands during Superstorm 1993

Abstract A mesoscale-model simulation is used to examine the evolution of the cold front and accompanying cloud bands in eastern Mexico associated with Superstorm 1993 (12–14 March). The simulated cold front differed in structure and evolution from a classical cold front, in agreement with evidence from observations and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts analyses. The surface cold front, as defined by the leading edge of strong northerlies and cold advection, initially possessed a rearward tilt with height over southern Texas. Within 6 h, the leading edge of the front moved equatorward and developed a large-scale forward tilt of greater than 200 km in the horizontal from the surface to 700 hPa. This forward tilt occurred as a mid- to upper-tropospheric baroclinic zone arrived from over the Sierra Madre, descended into eastern Mexico, and interacted with the surface cold front. Embedded within this large-scale forward tilt was a locally enhanced horizontal potential temperature gradient tha...
Modern Locoregional Treatment of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignancies. At presentation, metastatic spread is observed in approximately 20 % of patients with a further 50 % developing metastases during their disease course. In patients who develop metastases, 80 % have some form of liver involvement. The only treatment for patients with isolated colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM) associated with potential long-term survival and cure is surgery. Unfortunately, most patients (75–80 %) have disease that is not amenable to surgical intervention. However, recent advances in all areas of the management of CRLM have resulted in more numerous treatment options for this population of patients. Developments in diagnosis, medical therapy (chemotherapy, targeted therapy), nonsurgical locoregional therapy (ablation, embolization, hepatic artery infusion chemotherapy), and surgical therapy have expanded the treatment armamentarium for patients with CRLM and subsequently increased the complexity of management. Many newer therapies/treatment strategies have proven effective; however, there is debate regarding the ideal clinical implementation. In order to optimize clinical outcomes in patients with CRLM, awareness of current and emerging therapies and treatment strategies is essential.
Secondary cytogenetic changes in acute promyelocytic leukemia--prognostic importance in patients treated with chemotherapy alone and association with the intron 3 breakpoint of the PML gene: a Cancer and Leukemia Group B study.

PURPOSETo examine, in newly diagnosed patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), the prognostic significance of secondary cytogenetic changes and the relationship between such changes and the two major promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha (PML-RAR alpha) mRNA types.PATIENTS AND METHODSOne hundred sixty-one patients with t(15;17)(q22;q11-12) enrolled onto Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) protocol 8461, a prospective study of cytogenetics in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), were studied. Eighty of these 161 patients were treated solely with chemotherapy and evaluated for response to treatment and survival. PML-RAR alpha mRNA type was determined using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 56 patients.RESULTSThe incidence of secondary cytogenetic abnormalities was 32%. Among 80 patients treated with chemotherapy, the presence of a secondary chromosome abnormality was associated with longer complete remission (CR) duration (median, 29.9 v 15.7 months; P = .03) and lo...
The syntax of aspecto-temporal adverbs from Late Archaic to Early Medieval Chinese

In Late Archaic and Early Medieval Chinese aspectual distinctions are mainly expressed by aspectual adverbs. These adverbs are characterized by their close relation with the lexical aspect of the verb they modify. This paper argues for the existence of an Inner Aspect Phrase within an articulated VP (vP) in Late Archaic and Early Medieval Chinese which hosts the lexical aspect of the verb. This Inner Aspect Phrase corresponds to an Outer Aspect Phrase outside the VP, which hosts the grammatical aspect. The aspectual adverbs are analyzed as specifiers of the Outer Aspect Phrase. The correspondence of the two Aspect Phrases accounts for the close connection between aspectual adverbs and the telicity features of the verb in Late Archaic and Early Medieval Chinese. In ancient Chinese aspectual distinctions apparently have been marked by affixation. This morphological system concerns the lexical aspect, the Inner Aspect Phrase, rather than the grammatical aspect, the Outer Aspect Phrase. If this hypothesis proved to be correct, the grammatical aspect would not have been marked in the morphology of the verb at all, but purely by lexical means, i.e., by aspectual adverbs and possibly by sentence-final particles.
Extending the Capabilities of Heterodyne-Detected Sum-Frequency Generation Spectroscopy: Probing Any Interface in Any Polarization Combination

Vibrational sum-frequency generation spectroscopy (SFG) is a powerful tool for studying noncentrosymmetric environments, particularly interfaces. Conventional homodyne-detected SFG inherently detects the intensity of the emitted light and thus forfeits the ability to directly measure the complex components, that is, phase, of the second-order nonlinear susceptibility, which contains the molecular response of interest. Heterodyne-detected SFG (HD-SFG) has recently been employed to recover this lost information, but has not been broadly adopted due to restrictions in the technical implementation. Presented in this Article is a HD-SFG geometry that fills a need for ease of use and increased versatility; our flexible and convenient design provides the capability to probe any interface in any polarization combination with exceptional phase stability. We demonstrate this ability by collecting the SFG signal from an octadecyltrichlorosilane monolayer on the front of a solid fused silica substrate and determine, ...
Very large differences in intramolecular D-H partitioning in hydrated silicate melts synthesized at upper mantle pressures and temperatures

Hydrated (with D 2 O and H 2 O) sodium tetrasilicate glasses, quenched from melts at 1400 °C and 1.5 GPa, are studied using 1 H, 2 H, and 29 Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Whereas D 2 O and H 2 O depolymerize the silicate melt to similar degrees, protium and deuterium intramolecular partitioning between different molecular sites within the glasses is very different and exemplified by a strong preferential association of deuterons to sites with short O-D…O distances. This preference is independent of total water content and D/H ratio. Substantially different intramolecular D-H partitioning is also observed in a glass with a model hydrous basalt composition. Such large differences in isotope partitioning cannot result from classic equilibrium fractionation because of the high synthesis temperature. Potential kinetic isotope effects are excluded via a slow quench experiment. The apparent fractionation is likely governed by density/molar volume isotope effects, where deuterium prefers sites with smaller molar volume. Large differences in intramolecular site partitioning in melts could lead to significant differences in D-H partitioning between water-saturated melt and exsolved aqueous fluid (where D/H W,Melt ≠ D/H W,Fluid ) during crystallization of Earth’s magma ocean, potentially controlling the D/H content of the Earth’s oceans.
Abstract 3880: Application of tyramide signal amplification technology to high content analysis of cellular kinase translocation assays

Deregulation of cellular kinase signaling pathways plays a key role in the ability of cancer cells to sustain uncontrolled proliferation, resist apoptosis, and undergo metastasis. The activation of kinase transduction pathways commonly involves the translocation of various molecular components of the pathway from one subcellular compartment to another. For example, growth factor stimulation of cells activates signaling pathways that are regulated by the level of phosphorylation of protein kinases such as protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt); PKC and Akt are first recruited from the cytosol to the cell membrane where the phosphorylation event occurs. High Content Analysis (HCA) assays have become important tools in screening for potential new drugs to modulate aberrant signaling pathways. Confocal imaging provides the highest degree of spatial resolution, and can also yield lower background signals than wide-field imaging. The downside of confocal imaging is that it requires longer signal acquisition times, and it may be difficult to detect targets present in low abundance. The longer acquisition time can also result in decreased throughput when HCA is used as the detection mode for high throughput screening. Tyramide signal amplification (TSA) is an enzyme-based technology that has previous been used to enhance signal sensitivity in immunochemical staining procedures. We have applied TSA technology to the HCA of cellular kinase translocation assays using the Operetta High Content Imaging System in confocal fluorescence mode. HeLa cells were treated with compounds that induced kinase cytosol to plasma membrane translocation. Kinase localization was measured using a texture-based image analysis algorithm. We compared the signal intensity with and without TSA amplification. We will present data showing that TSA enhanced the signal intensity by at least an order of magnitude without a loss of resolution. As a result, the detection antibody can be reduced 5-fold, and the exposure time reduced 10-fold. In conclusion, TSA amplification of HCA kinase translocation assays can significantly increase sample throughput when screening compound libraries. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3880. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3880
Revolutionary Legacies and Threat Management: Security Apparatus Development in Revolutionary Nicaragua and Iran

Revolutionary regimes come to power in an environment of great uncertainty. Inexperienced in governing and taking the helm of a weakened state, they must address three types of threats: the threat of a coup internal to the state, domestic protest or rebellion, and interstate rivalries. When a revolutionary regime takes power, it inherits either remaining elements of the old regime’s state apparatus or a blank slate. I argue that the presence or absence of remnants of the old regime security apparatus determines the security structure and strategy pursued by the revolutionary regime to manage the threats it faces. This argument is explored with a structured comparison of the revolutionary regimes in Nicaragua and Iran, whose revolutionary movements exhibited very similar characteristics, but differed in that the old regime security apparatus was destroyed in Nicaragua, while part of the military remained intact after the revolutionary takeover in Iran. This led to divergent patterns of security apparatus development and security strategy in the two countries: the Nicaraguan regime emphasized defense from foreign enemies, while the Iranian regime was worried about coups and thus sought to protect itself from internal enemies. These strategies both resulted in suboptimal outcomes in the regimes’ first several years in power, with Nicaragua allowing an insurgency to develop within its borders and Iran making itself vulnerable to foreign invasion. Over time, however, the two regimes corrected their initial missteps, balancing their security apparatuses’ abilities to manage internal, domestic, and foreign threats. This comparison demonstrates the importance of the status of the old regime security apparatus in revolutionary transitions, and reinforces the importance of the security apparatus in analyses of regime change and survival, concluding by exploring the theory’s implications for non-revolutionary regimes.
Resuscitation of the newborn.

The cause of respiratory depression in a newborn must be quickly determined so that effective therapy can be given. Need for assisted ventilation is dictated by the condition of the infant. Whether bag and mask or endotracheal intubation is used to deliver oxygen depends on the degree of neonatal depression and the experience of the resuscitator.
Bidirectional crosstalk between C5a receptors and the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages and monocytes

C5a is an inflammatory mediator generated by complement activation that positively regulates various arms of immune defense, including Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signaling. The NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is activated by pathogen products and cellular/tissue damage products and is a major contributor of IL-1β. In this study, we investigate whether C5a modulates lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in myeloid cells. Appearance of plasma IL-1β during endotoxemia was reduced in C5aR1(-/-) mice when compared to wild-type mice. In vitro, C5a significantly enhanced LPS-induced production of IL-1β in bone marrow Ly6C-high inflammatory monocytes, accompanied by augmented intracellular pro-IL-1β expression. This effect was abolished during p38 blockade by SB 203580 and in the absence of C5aR1. Conversely, C5a suppressed LPS-induced macrophage production of IL-1β, which was accompanied by attenuated levels of pro-IL-1β, NLRP3, and caspase-1 expression. C5a's suppressive effects were negated during phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition by wortmannin but were largely preserved in the absence of C5aR1. Thus, C5a bidirectionally amplifies TLR4-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in monocytes while suppressing this pathway in macrophages. However, as C5aR1 deficiency attenuates the IL-1β response to LPS challenge in vivo, our results suggest overall that C5a augments physiologic inflammasome responses.
Ali’s Voice: Pathways Toward Balance

This morning my daughter took up a feminist cause with our carpool. She is angry because women’s volleyball (a national champion team here at Penn State) gets less press attention than men’s football. As a 12 year old girl, her anger is understandable. She’s arriving at a realization about the culture she lives in. Most of us swim in this space: it is the air we breathe; it’s invisible to us until something smacks us in the face and we realize that we still live in a culture that privileges certain races, genders, classes above others. We are seeing an increasing number of women graduating from high school and college, leading organizations, serving in the military, making policies, and being elected to Congress. Women are active in nearly all spheres of public life today, and still continue to enjoy opportunities to stay home with children should a mother choose to, if the family is able to afford it. In many ways, women enjoy more freedom of choice than men who are still expected, as Jack Kammer points out in his book on sexism, (Heroes of the Blue Sky Rebellion), to make a living above all else. Things have evolved enormously over the past decades. Women’s opportunities and successes speak volumes. So it actually surprised me quite a lot to see, in my daughter, an angry feminist. I remember this myself. I remember my 12-year-old self-realizing that I could never be president of the United States, for example. There were many doors in those days that were closed, and technology was generally one of those doors. I was surprised by my daughter, because I thought there weren’t many doors still closed, and that the ones still closed were so inconsequential. Is it really important that volleyball is on an equal footing with football when the door to the presidency is wide open to her? When she can choose pretty much any life, any field, so many choices? It feels nearly frivolous. But it’s truly not. It’s not that she really cares about volleyball (though she does care about volleyball), it’s what it stands for, the still present, truly insidious invisible ways that we still regard certain races, classes and genders differently in our society.
Recent advances in wall characterization and fast target imaging in through-the-wall radar

This paper presents an overview of our recent works in real-time techniques for wall parameter estimation, intra-wall imaging, and target imaging for through-the-wall radar systems. First, the suitability and performances of various monostatic and bistatic radar-based techniques for parameter estimation of external and/or internal walls are discussed. Then efficient Diffraction Tomography algorithms, which use the extracted wall parameters, for enhanced 3D imaging of objects within the wall and targets behind walls are presented. Applications of these techniques are demonstrated through measured and numerically simulated examples.
Factors Predicting Early Mortality in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma

Abstract 3981 Background: Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) can present with life threatening complications including lethal infections during the disease course. The mortality is high during the early period following diagnosis, mostly as a result of complications of the disease or treatment. It is not clear if we can identify patients at the highest risk of early death based on the presenting clinical and laboratory features. Methods: From among 1545 patients seen at our institution between Jan 1999 and Dec 2008, we identified 265 patients who died within 12 months of diagnosis. For each of these patients we identified two “controls” who had at least 12 months of follow up, were alive at the time of last follow up and were closest to the ‘case9 patient in terms of time of diagnosis. We performed logistic regression using the clinical and laboratory features, to identify parameters that predict for 12-month mortality and to determine the best cutoffs. Results: This study included 265 patients as cases and 530 controls. The gender distribution was similar in the two groups. We examined the impact of age, performance status (PS), hemoglobin, platelets, serum creatinine, calcium, LDH, albumin, B2M, free light chain difference, plasma cell labeling index, ISS stage, risk category and exposure to novel agents upfront. Based on the results of univariate and then multivariate analysis – age> 72, ECOG PS>2, Calcium >11.3 and ISS stage 3 were found to be significant. We developed the risk score using 1 point for each adverse factor, Age> 72, PS > 2, ISS 3, and Calcium > 11.3. The odds ratio of patients dying in the first year was 2.7, 9.2 and 37 in the presence of one, two and three or more risk factors compared to none of the risk factors. We then looked at the impact of the initial therapy on outcome. 279 patients (35%) received one of the novel agents (thalidomide, lenalidomide or bortezomib) as initial therapy. The odds ratio for dying in the first year was 0.35 for patients receiving a novel agent compared to the rest. The impact of the novel agent was independent of the risk score, with the risk score predicting outcome in both groups. Conclusions: In newly diagnosed MM advanced age, poor performance status, ISS stage and high calcium were associated with early mortality. If eligible all patients should get the benefit of use of novel agent upfront. Identifying these patients at the time of diagnosis is important and should help develop better risk-adapted strategies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Correction: Anemia of chronic kidney disease.

Abstract The article "Anemia of chronic kidney disease: Treat it, but not too aggressively" by Drs. Georges Nakhoul and James F. Simon (Cleve Clin J Med 2016; 83:613-624) contained a typographical error. In Table 2, the target ferritin level in chronic kidney disease is given as greater than 100 ng/dL, and for end-stage renal disease 200 to 1,200 ng/dL. Ferritin levels are measured in ng/mL, not ng/dL.
Utilization of Selenocysteine for Site-Specific Antibody Conjugation

Site-specific conjugation methods are becoming increasingly important in building next-generation antibody-drug conjugates. We have developed a site-specific conjugation technology based on monoclonal antibodies with engineered selenocysteine (Sec) residues, named selenomabs. Here, we provide protocols for the engineering, expression, and purification of selenomabs in single-chain variable fragment (scFv)-Fc format. Methods for selective conjugation of selenomabs to selenol-reactive compounds and analytical characterization of selenomab conjugates are also included.
Hyperbolic Cooling Towers under Wind Load

A wind load analysis of hyperbolic cooling towers based on membrane theory is presented. The solutions of the governing differential equations for the first two harmonics, n = 0 and n = 1, are obtained by quadrature, while the solutions for the higher harmonics, n > 1, are obtained by means of an approximate integration technique. The stress resultants and displacements are derived in closed form. The stress resultants and displacements due to an experimentally determined wind load are compared to those caused by a simplified wind load. The maximum values of the stress resultants and displacements are tabulated against a wide range of shell parameters to facilitate the design of such structures.
Two-stage reimplantation for the treatment of deep infection after shoulder arthroplasty.

Background Two-stage reimplantation is the most common treatment modality considered for periprosthetic shoulder infection (PSI). Most studies to date have reported on a relatively small number of shoulders. The purpose of this study was to determine the outcome of 2-stage reimplantation for PSI in terms of both eradication of infection and restoration of function. Methods Between 1980 and 2010, 40 shoulders (39 patients) underwent a 2-stage reimplantation for PSI; 35 shoulders (34 patients) met inclusion criteria (10 hemiarthroplasties, 24 anatomic total shoulder arthroplasties, 1 reverse total shoulder arthroplasty). Outcome data included pain, motion, Neer rating, and complications. Results At most recent follow-up (4.1 years), 2-stage reimplantation had resulted in significant improvements in pain (from 4.4 to 2 on a 5-point scale; P P P Propionibacterium acnes . Reoperations for infection included irrigation and debridement (1), a second 2-stage reimplantation (2), and resection arthroplasty (1); 2 additional patients were treated with chronic suppression. Reoperation for aseptic glenoid loosening was performed in 2 additional shoulders. Results were graded excellent in 10 (28%), satisfactory in 12 (33%), and unsatisfactory in 13 (39%) shoulders. Conclusion Two-stage reimplantation eradicated PSI in 85% of the shoulders. Pain relief and good arcs of motion were achieved in many patients, but there was an overall rate of unsatisfactory results approaching 40%. Preoperative testing was not always reliable for the diagnosis of PSI.
High-Throughput Selective Capture of Single Circulating Tumor Cells by Dielectrophoresis at a Wireless Electrode Array

We demonstrate continuous high-throughput selective capture of circulating tumor cells by dielectrophoresis at arrays of wireless electrodes (bipolar electrodes, BPEs). The use of BPEs removes the requirement of ohmic contact to individual array elements, thus enabling otherwise unattainable device formats. Capacitive charging of the electrical double layer at opposing ends of each BPE allows an AC electric field to be transmitted across the entire device. Here, two such designs are described and evaluated. In the first design, BPEs interconnect parallel microchannels. Pockets extruding from either side of the microchannels volumetrically control the number of cells captured at each BPE tip and enhance trapping. High-fidelity single-cell capture was achieved when the pocket dimensions were matched to those of the cells. A second, open design allows many non-targeted cells to pass through. These devices enable high-throughput capture of rare cells and single-cell analysis.
Distinctions between Basic and Applied in Industrial Research

(1981). Distinctions between Basic and Applied in Industrial Research. Research Management: Vol. 24, No. 3, pp. 23-28.