cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Field measurement and numerical modelling of aeolian mass flux distributions on a sandy beach

The vertical and horizontal distributions of aeolian mass flux were measured at Oceano Dunes, California, and these data were used to evaluate a numerical model of saltation. Grain-size analyses showed that the distributions of the modal sediment size class corresponded closely to those of the total sediment population, and modelling thus focused on replicating the distributions of the mean grain size. Although much previous work has assumed that the mean launch speed of saltating particles varies in proportion to shear velocity, simulations using a constant mean launch speed were found to yield the closest approximations to the mass flux distributions observed in the field. Both exponential and gamma distributions of launch velocity produced realistic simulations, although the latter approach required the inclusion of an additional reptation component to achieve good results. A range of mean launch angles and an equivalent sphere correction were also found to generate comparable results, providing the other input parameters could be varied freely. All the modelling approaches overestimated the proportion of mass flux occurring at the bottom of the vertical distributions, and underestimated the proportion occurring at the upwind end of the horizontal distributions. No theoretical shortcoming that would account for these small, but systematic, discrepancies could be identified, and experimental error thus represents a more plausible explanation. The conclusion that mean grain launch speeds are essentially constant and independent of shear velocity suggests that the additional kinetic energy extracted by grains under more energetic wind conditions is largely transferred to the bed, and that increases in the transport rate are therefore driven primarily by the ejection of additional grains. It is suggested that the kinetic energy of rebounding grains is constrained by the ability of the bed to resist deformation, equivalent to a plastic limit. Hence, grains of larger mass (diameter) rebound from the bed at lower speeds, and follow shorter, lower trajectories, as has been widely observed previously.
Radicals of the Worst Sort: Laboring Women in Lawrence, Massachusetts, 1860-1912

Focusing on the textile workers' strikes of 1882 and 1912, Ardis Cameron examines class and gender formation as drawn from the experiences of working-class women in the textile manufacturing town of Lawrence, Massachusetts. She explores the role of women in worker militancy from the perspective of the neighborhood and argues for the importance of female networks and associational life in working-class culture and politics. Radicals of the Worst Sort is a study of domination and power, constructed not only at the level of economics and politics but also at the level of social perception and conceptualization. It thus provides the basis for a new set of generalizations about the lives of nineteenth-century factory women in their jobs and communities. This exciting history illuminates ongoing debates about the dynamic role of gender and challenges shifting perceptions and definitions of what a "woman" should be. Cameron shows that unionized women who fought for equality were "radicals of the worst sort" (as one mill officer tagged them) because they rebelled against traditional economic and sexual hierarchies, providing alternative models for turn-of-the-century women. Radicals of the Worst Sort includes oral histories of former strikers in the famous Bread and Roses strike of 1912. Four full-color maps show Cameron's meticulous documentation of the nationalities of every Lawrence family living in the multicultural neighborhoods featured in her book.
Mouse Model of Brachytherapy in Consort With Enucleation for Treatment of Malignant Intraocular Melanoma

• The efficacy of brachytherapy in the treatment and prevention of metastasis of intraocular melanoma was investigated in a mouse model. A highly metastatic sub-line of B16 melanoma was transplanted into the anterior segment of C57BL/6 mice and allowed to grow. Brachytherapy was delivered by means of miniature iodine 125 seeds implanted in shallow subcutaneous pockets of the upper eyelid margin of these mice, and 25 Gy of radiation was delivered between days 12 and 14. This brachytherapy reduced both the tumor volume and the number of mitotic figures per high-power field compared with irradiated controls. In a second experiment, 25 Gy of brachytherapy was delivered before enucleation, straddling enucleation, and after enucleation; there was a significant reduction in metastasis when radiation was delivered prior to enucleation. This model may be useful in conducting further studies involving brachytherapy with125I plaque implants.
The Use of the Primitive Equations of Motion in Numerical Prediction

An obstacle to the use of the primitive hydrodynamical equations for numerical prediction is that the initial wind and pressure fields determined by conventional means give rise to spurious large-amplitude inertio-gravitational oscillations which obscure the meteorologically significant large-scale motions. It is shown how this difficulty may be overcome by the use of a relationship between wind and pressure which enables one to determine these fields in such a manner that the noise motions do not arise. The method is illustrated by a numerically computed example. The wind-pressure relationship is in a sense a generalization of the geostrophic approximation and may be used where the latter approximation is inapplicable, either to determine initial conditions or to derive a set of filtering equations for numerical prediction analogous to the quasi-geostrophic equations. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1955.tb01138.x
Spectroscopic studies of plasma during cw laser materials interaction

The role of plasma during cw laser materials interaction was studied using emission spectroscopy. The experiments were carried out in two stages: first, with a pure argon plasma; and second, with an aluminum target in an argon atmosphere. The electron‐temperature distribution and electron density were determined. The experimental results were used to estimate laser attenuation and refraction as the beam propagated through the plasma column. Thus, transmitted energy and energy distribution on the target surface were determined. This was expected to be a more realistic input for transport phenomena models based on absorbed energy.
Electronic correlations and satellites in superconducting oxides.

The satellite observed at binding energy of 12--13 eV below the Fermi level in the high-${T}_{c}$ oxide superconductors ${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ is viewed as originating from a state with two holes bound at the same Cu site. As in the case of Ni metal, the satellite is caused by an intra-d-shell shakeup process into a Cu 3${d}^{8}$ final state and its intensity is enhanced at resonance because of a super-Koster-Kronig transition. Based on the t-matrix approach for the hole self-energy, we study the effect of electronic correlations on the one-electron band structure. We examine the position of the satellite and find a large Coulomb interaction energy of \ensuremath{\sim}5 eV at the Cu site when the experimental satellite position is duplicated by the theory. Since this energy is comparable with the 3d bandwidth, the two-hole bound state is a high-energy excitation. This indicates that in the ground state a creation of two holes at the Cu site is unlikely and thus holes are formed at the O sites when Sr is substituted for La in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ and when the oxidation is increased in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$.
Energetics of Al₁₃ Keggin cluster compounds.

The e-Al(13) Keggin aluminum hydroxide clusters are essential models in establishing molecular pathways for geochemical reactions. Enthalpies of formation are reported for two salts of aluminum centered e-Keggin clusters, Al(13) selenate, (Na(AlO(4))Al(12)(OH)(24)(SeO(4))(4)•12H(2)O) and Al(13) sulfate, (NaAlO(4)Al(12)(OH)(24)(SO(4))(4)•12H(2)O). The measured enthalpies of solution, ΔH(sol), at 28 °C in 5 N HCl for the e-Al(13) selenate and sulfate are -924.57 (± 3.83) and -944.30 ( ± 5.66) kJ·mol(-1), respectively. The enthalpies of formation from the elements, ΔH(f,el), for Al(13) selenate and sulfate are -19,656.35 ( ± 67.30) kJ·mol(-1), and -20,892.39 ( ± 70.01) kJ·mol(-1), respectively. In addition, ΔH(f,el) for sodium selenate decahydrate was calculated using data from high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry measurements: -4,006.39 ( ± 11.91) kJ·mol(-1). The formation of both e-Al(13) Keggin cluster compounds is exothermic from oxide-based components but energetically unfavorable with respect to a gibbsite-based assemblage. To understand the relative affinity of the e-Keggin clusters for selenate and sulfate, the enthalpy associated with two S-Se exchange reactions was calculated. In the solid state, selenium is favored in the Al(13) compound relative to the binary chalcogenate, while in 5 N HCl, sulfur is energetically favored in the cluster compound compared to the aqueous solution. This contribution represents the first thermodynamic study of e-Al(13) cluster compounds and establishes a method for other such molecules, including the substituted versions that have been created for kinetic studies. Underscoring the importance of e-Al(13) clusters in natural and anthropogenic systems, these data provide conclusive thermodynamic evidence that the Al(13) Keggin cluster is a crucial intermediate species in the formation pathway from aqueous aluminum monomers to aluminum hydroxide precipitates.
A study of US library directors' confidence and practice regarding patron confidentiality

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to learn how many libraries take specific measures to protect patron confidentiality other than having a written policy, to measure library directors' confidence in their own ability, and that of their workers, to follow confidentiality policies, and to learn what types of support directors need to better protect confidentiality.Design/methodology/approach – A paper survey was mailed to all 213 directors of public and academic libraries in Vermont; 71 per cent responded. Data were primarily quantitative.Findings – Few libraries reveal patron information by sending unsealed postcards, but many reveal patron information to third parties over the telephone. Library directors have a high level of confidence in their own ability to follow confidentiality policy and a slightly lower level of confidence in the ability of library workers to do so. Library directors need help in writing policy, getting access to legal counsel, and addressing the confidentiality of patrons who...
Complementary value of the Ki-67 proliferation index to the oncotype DX recurrence score

Oncotype DX is a 21-gene assay that quantifies the recurrence risk in estrogen receptor—positive breast cancer, which is expressed as the recurrence score (RS). Studies have shown that patients with a high-risk RS will most likely benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, but there is no proven advantage for patients with a low-risk RS who still face an average recurrence risk of 7%. In this study, the relationship between the RS and the cell cycle—related antigen Ki-67 was assessed in 32 breast carcinomas and evaluated for a potential association. Comparison of the RS with tumor type, grade, and the Ki-67 proliferation index (PI) revealed an overall concordance. However, some tumors with a low RS revealed a surprisingly high Ki-67 PI. These cases may correspond to the 7% of low-risk RS carcinomas that recur. Therefore, the authors propose a combined evaluation of the RS and Ki-67 PI to identify tumors with high recurrence potential from the low-risk and intermediate-risk RS groups.
Considering the real relationship: reaction to Gelso's "The real relationship in a postmodern world: theoretical and empirical explorations".

Dr. Gelso's work on the real relationship is a tribute to the vitality of the scientist-practitioner model. Gelso's long clinical experience has convinced him of the importance of the real relation...
A Contextual Effect in Political Perception and Self-Placement on an Ideology Scale: Comparative Analyses of Sweden and the U.S.1

Data on self-placement and political perception on an ideology scale from surveys of adults in Sweden and the U.S. were analyzed and compared. Consensus in political perception, the correlation between perception of the party's and its leader's position, distinctiveness and polarization, subjective agreement, and a rational democratic coefficient were all substantially higher in Sweden. In spite of these differences, evidence of assimilation and contrast effects in perception was observed within both countries.
Human resource metrics and decision support: A classification framework

Abstract Human resource information systems and analytics have transformed the delivery of HR services and the role of HR within organizations. In spite of the complexity of HR and the different roles HR plays, there has been limited research which helps inform the selection, application and use of HR metrics and analytics to the operational, managerial, and strategic levels that HR occupies. Therefore, the goal of this article is to provide a framework that describes the data needs, decision characteristics, and HR metrics to these different levels of HR activity and decision-making. We provide a number of research propositions and implications of the model. We finish the paper with a discussion of the implications that this framework has for how HR decisions are made, the types of data used in support of these decisions, and the metrics used.
Co-opted integrin signaling in ErbB2-induced mammary tumor progression

Although almost two decades of study point to a central role for aberrant ErbB2 activation in breast cancer, many cellular and biochemical mechanisms underlying ErbB2-induced tumor initiation and progression remain to be resolved. A study by Guo et al. published recently in Cell indicates that the signaling function of β4 integrin actively contributes to the initiation, growth, and invasion of ErbB2-induced mammary tumors in transgenic mice by promoting the activation of c-Jun and STAT3. These observations offer novel mechanistic insight into ErbB2 action and highlight the notion that ErbB2 co-opts the functions of other signaling proteins to elicit tumor progression.
Prognosis of impaired glucose tolerance in children with stress hyperglycemia, symptoms of hypoglycemia, or asymptomatic glucosuria

Thirty-seven children and youths were ascertained because of stress hyperglycemia (3), asymptomatic glucosuria (21), or symptoms suggestive of hypoglycemia (13); 17 of them met the National Diabetes Data Group criteria for impaired glucose tolerance. Three ascertained because of glucosuria developed symptomatic insulin-dependent diabetes over the subsequent 14 months. They had more severe hyperglycemia and/or deficient insulin responses compared to those with normal tests for those with IGT who did not develop IDD. Insulin responses relative to glycemia were significantly age related and did not differ between the normal and IGT groups (excluding the three who developed IDD). The two-hour oral glucose tolerance test may be of value in young persons who have had stress hyperglycemia or asymptomatic glucosuria to rule out abnormality in a standardized manner or to detect preclinical IDD. Patients with autonomic symptoms may be transitory IGT as a concomitant manifestation of life stress; glucose tolerance testing of them appears unwarranted in the absence of other compelling symptoms or a family history of IDD.
Wavelength-agile diode laser sensors for monitoring gas properties in harsh environments

Extended wavelength tuning of diode lasers enable the extension of scanned wavelength absorption techniques to transient, high pressure, hostile environments. Examples using frequency agile VCSELs and new wavelength tuning strategies are presented.
Form birefringent microstructures: modeling and design

Diffraction characteristics of high-spatial-frequency gratings (HSF) are evaluated for application to polarization-selective computer generated holograms using two different approaches, second order effective-medium theory (EMT) and rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). The reflectivities and the phase differences for TE and TM polarized waves are investigated in terms of various input parameters, and results obtained with second order EMT and RCWA are compared. It is shown that while the reflection characteristics can be accurately modeled using the second order EMT, the phase difference created by form birefringence for TE and TM polarized waves requires the use of a more rigorous, RCWA approach. Design of HSF gratings in terms of their form birefringence and reflectivity properties is discussed in conjunction with polarization-selective computer generated holograms. A specific design optimization example furnishes a grating profile that provides a trade-off between largest form birefringence and lowest reflectivities.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Ultrastructure of the spirocyst tubule in black corals (Coelenterata: Antipatharia) and its taxonomic implications

Spirocyst tubules in five shallow-water antipatharian species Antipathes pennacea, Antipathes sp. cf. salix, A. fiordensis, A. galapagensis, and Cirrhipathes luetkeni contain an electron-opaque, helically arranged structure, composed of four distinct and separate bundles of microfibril-like material. Each bundle appears to be solid, rather than hollow, and is enveloped by a sheath of lesser electron-opacity that is continuous with the pleats. Tubules from a more distantly related, deep-water antipatharian, are similarly configured but are composed of only three distinct bundles, separated from one another by electron-opaque sheath material. The bundles are electron-lucent; their substructure was not preserved because this specimen was prepared for microscopy after preservation in alcohol for 27 yr, apparently without initial fixation. Most other details of the spirocyst tubule and capsule can be determined from this museum specimen. The arrangement within the tubule of multiple bundles, clearly defined by sheaths, is structurally distinct from other zoantharian spirocysts, and appears to be unique to the Antipatharia. The tubule structure of the anemone Aiptasia sp., examined for comparison, is consistent with that of spirocysts from other actiniarians and zoantharians generally, including the appearance of electron-opaque rodlets within the tubule lumen. No substructural information was obtained from Aiptasia sp. rodlets. It is unclear whether the microfibrillar bundles of antipatharian spirocysts differ from those of other zoantharians by being more amenable to resolution, or if their tubule substructure is fundamentally distinct from those of more typical zoantharians. In terms of overall structure, Aiptasia sp. spirocyst tubules contain a single bundle of rodlets without a clearly defined sheath, in contrast to antipatharians which have three or four bundles, each clearly defined. These structural differences may be useful in determining relationships both within the Antipatharia, and between antipatharians and allied orders.
Neonatal onset ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency: A retrospective analysis.

Abstract Objective: A retrospective analysis of 74 cases of neonatal-onset ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency. Methods: The medical records of 74 of the 128 male patients referred to this center with neonatal onset OTC from 1976 to 1996 were available and analyzed. Results: Initial symptoms of OTC deficiency were nonspecific and included feeding difficulties, lethargy, and “respiratory distress”; vomiting was infrequent. Respiratory alkalosis was regularly observed; the mean pH and pCO2 were 7.5 and 24 torr, respectively. Early consideration of a metabolic disorder in those neonates with a negative family history was only 9%. Sepsis was initially misdiagnosed in 50% of the cases. For all patients the mean age at onset was 63 hours. Survival was better among those who had later onset, later diagnostic studies, and diagnosis. Apart from 1 patient whose peak ammonium level was 400 μmol/L, all surviving patients had severe developmental delay. Conclusions: OTC deficiency should be suspected in term infants who have early signs of encephalopathy, particularly after the first 24 hours; a respiratory alkalosis is pathognomic of urea cycle disorders. Severe developmental delay is the usual outcome of OTC deficiency. (J Pediatr 1999;134:268-72)
Regenerating physician-scientists

nature medicine volume 16 | number 5 | may 2010 511 The academic niche for physician-scientists has been degenerating for over three decades. In 1979, the director of the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), James Wyngaarden, initially highlighted an alarming drop-off in the number of physician-scientists and their success rates in NIH funding. Since then, the combined burdens of an increasingly stringent overall NIH budget, educational loans on young physicians (often in the six figures), the procedure-driven nature of modern clinical medicine, and the financial vise of managed care and its follow-on effects on the academic environment have created an increasingly ablative force on the necessary environment to maintain a proper balance in the numbers of physician-scientists. In The Vanishing Physician-Scientist?, edited by Andrew I. Schafer, currently chairman of the Department of Medicine at Weill Cornell Medical College, the fate of the physician-scientist is revisited from multiple angles: renewal versus extinction, the evolution of diverse lineages (MD-PhD, late bloomers with MD degrees alone, PhDs in clinical departments), implications for biotechnology and drug discovery, gender imbalance, pipeline versus attrition effects, role models, financial and modern lifestyle concerns and the fragile microenvironmental niche of academic medicine in general. The result is a fascinating must-read for those of us with a deep interest in the subject that goes beyond conjecture and anecdotal personal experience to recent academic survey data, population analyses, current NIH funding trends, outcome analyses of MD-PhD trainees and, most importantly, onward toward a series of cogent, specific and implementable suggestions for regeneration. As the last page is turned, a more sanguine view of the problem emerges, along with a few surprises. The book is comprised of 15 chapters written by over twenty leading physician-scientists who offer a number of penetrating insights into the crux of the problem of regenerating a new cadre of leaders in academic medicine. For example, as noted in the book by Tim Ley, a former president of the American Society of Clinical Investigation, the demographics of physician-scientists have been relatively stable since 1990. The bulk of these researchers hold an MD degree alone, and their success rates for NIH funding are similar to others with PhD or MD-PhD joint degrees. Regenerating physician-scientists
Prediction of Transmitting Abilities for Productive Life and Lifetime Profitability from Production, Somatic Cell Count, and Type Traits in Milk Markets for Fluid Milk and Cheese

Two net income functions were constructed to reflect differences in value of carrier, protein, and somatic cell score (SCS) between milk markets for fluid milk and those for cheese. Individual costs were for production of carrier (water, lactose, and minerals), fat, and protein. Totals for net income from a lactation were adjusted for the opportunity cost of postponed replacement using all herdmates on test. Heritabilities and correlations were estimated with a multiple-trait sire model using 52,688 registered and grade (24%) cows that were classified daughters of 844 bulls included in the Sire Evaluation for Type program of the Holstein Association of America. Although the genetic correlation between the net income traits was high (0.92), the resulting economic weights were quite different. Indexes to select for net income for a fluid milk market weighted milk production much more than it weighted fat or SCS and selected against protein yield. Indexes for a cheese market gave more weight to milk components, SCS, and traits related to productive life. The removal of some type traits had little effect on the evaluation of either net income trait. In contrast, weights for prediction of productive life from SCS and the production and type traits became more stable when strength, fore udder, and rear udder height were removed. Removal of some of the type traits that were used for prediction reduced multicollinearity and the variance of weights without sacrificing accuracy.
A Task-Analytical Approach to Social Behavior

Social behavior interventions are often reactive in nature in the sense that educators respond to isolated inappropriate behaviors instead of teaching social skills. This article examines the need for instruction in social skills and discusses the role of task analysis in such instruction. The task-analytic approach to curriculum development is explained and applied to sample social skill tasks. Particular attention is given to the need for specification of the strategic components of social tasks.
Preferential Soil Sorption of Oxygen-18-Labeled Phosphate

Oxygen-18-labeled phosphate (OLP) and natural abundance 18O have been used as tools for elucidating the dynamics of phosphorus (P) in soils, yet much remains poorly understood. The objective of this research was to determine the extent of preferential soil sorption across the range of species contained within OLP. A variety of soils were shaken with water containing 65.5 mg L−1 OLP-P for a 24-h period. Following shaking, the OLP species remaining in the solution were determined. Increasing the oxygen-18 atoms in the phosphate molecule by one resulted in a 1.8% increase in the amount of that OLP species sorbed to the soil, and this increase in sorption was uniform across soils. A strong correlation (r2 = 0.94) was found between the amount of phosphate sorbed and the Mehlich 3 P saturation ratio of the soil. These results will be useful for studies using natural abundance and enriched 18O-phosphate in soils.
Staurosporine blocks evoked release of FM1-43 but not acetylcholine from frog motor nerve terminals

The protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine inhibited, and often abolished, activity-dependent destaining of frog motor nerve terminals that had been preloaded with the fluorescent dye FM1-43. Staurosporine did not, however, block synaptic transmission; staurosporine treated muscles twitched in response to nerve stimulation, and the amplitudes of evoked end plate potentials were reduced only slightly, and in some cases not at all. The blockade of FM1-43 destaining was not reversed by washing, although treatment with black widow spider venom caused complete destaining. Nerve terminal pretreated with staurosporine could subsequently be stained with FM1-43 (and then destained by black widow spider venom). Thus, staurosporine blocked destaining but not staining of nerve terminals. Staurosporine treatment had little effect on the ultra-structure of resting terminals, the main difference we noted being a somewhat closer packing of synaptic vesicles after exposure to staurosporine. However, staurosporine blocked completely the ultrastructural changes produced by prolonged nerve stimulation, such as depletion of synaptic vesicles, appearance of intraterminal cisternae, and the uptake of horseradish peroxidase. The effects of staurosporine were not mimicked by KN-62, H7, calmidozolium, or trifluoroperazine. These and other observations are consistent with, but do not prove the hypothesis that, after exposure to staurosporine, the exocytotic fusion pore behaved like a valve, letting FM1-43 in, but not out, as if staurosporine interfered with the postexocytotic collapse of synaptic vesicles into the surface membrane.
Perimenopause: an update.

As the Baby Boomers age, an increasing number of midlife women will experience the transition to menopause. This realization has stimulated increased attention to menopause research and therapeutics. The purpose of this article is to provide clinicians an evidence-based update about perimenopause as a component of reproductive aging, a period of the lifespan with consequences for endocrine changes, symptom experiences, and risk factors for diseases of advanced age. In addition, this article focuses on the therapies for symptom management related to menopause and prevention of diseases of advanced age.
Kinematics analysis of in-parallel 5 DOF haptic device

Parallel-architecture haptic devices offer significant advantages over serial-architecture counterparts in applications requiring high stiffness and high accuracy. To this end, many haptic devices have been created and deployed by modularly piecing together several serial-chain arms to form an in-parallel system. However, the overall system performance depends both on the nature of the individual arms as well as their interactions. We build on the rich theoretical background of constrained articulated mechanical systems to provide a systematic framework for formulation of system-level kinematic performance from individual-arm characteristics. Specifically, we develop the system-level kinematic model in a symbolic (yet algorithmic) fashion that facilitates: (i) computational development of pertinent symbolic equations; (ii) generalization to arbitrary architectures; and (iii) combined symbolic/numeric analyses of performance (workspace, singularities, design sensitivities). These various aspects are illustrated using the example of the Quanser High Definition Haptic Device (HD)2 — an in-parallel haptic device formed by coupling two 3-link Phantom 1.5 type serial chain manipulators with appropriate passive joints. We also briefly discuss aspects of ongoing work for design-prototyping and validation, taking advantage of tools from Virtual Prototyping and Hardware-in-the-Loop testing.
Forest cover changes in the Oregon Coast Range from 1939 to 1993

Understanding the shifts over time in the distribution and amount of forest vegetation types in relation to forest management and environmental conditions is critical for many policy and ecological questions. Our objective was to assess the influences of ownership and environment on changes in forest vegetation from post-settlement historical to recent times in the central Coast Range of Oregon. We evaluated land cover types on 1475 20 m plots, using scanned, geo-referenced historical (1939) and recent (1993) aerial photos. The amount of older conifer cover declined by 63% relative to its former amount, from 36 to 13% of the landscape, during the 54-year period. Dominant ownership of older conifer stands shifted from industrial private to Forest Service lands. Younger conifer stands showed the greatest expansion in cover, increasing more than two-fold, from 21 to 44% of the landscape. Shrub and hardwood cover declined by 16%, from 31 to 25% of the landscape. Shrubs and hardwoods occurred at lower slope positions and closer to streams at the end of the period than at the beginning. Ownership was not an important determinant of the presence of large and very large conifer cover or shrub and hardwood cover in 1939, but was a very important factor affecting the presence of these cover types in 1993. Landscape transitional pathways were distributed among many types and no single transitional pathway was dominant. Even the most stable cover types (hardwood trees and herbs) had low absolute stability, with over 65% of their plots changing to another cover type by 1993. Our research indicates that the importance of ownership as a factor affecting the type of vegetation cover present has increased greatly during this time, whereas the relative influence of environment has lessened considerably. Land owners in the Oregon Coast Range have altered the cover and distribution of vegetation in diverse ways, changing the landscape to one dominated by young conifers, shifting the distribution of younger successional shrubs and hardwoods toward streams, and restricting the location of older coniferous stands to particular ownerships and site types.
Biological response of German cockroaches fed diets containing allopurinol.

. The acceptability of dietary allopurinol to German cockroaches, Blattella germanica (L.), was assessed. In diet choice tests between rat chow with or without 0.1% w/w allopurinol there were no significant differences in nymphal development, feeding duration, visits or consumption. The LT50 of cockroaches fed a choice of diets was 3 weeks greater (7.88) than those fed non-choice a 0.1% allopurinol diet. Female cockroaches provided a choice of diets aborted a significantly greater percentage of their oothecae (98.6%) than those fed the untreated diet (1.7%). Choice arena tests of 2% allopurinol in rat chow significantly reduced cockroach populations compared with untreated controls. After 6 weeks, populations were reduced by approximately 50%, and 97% after 14 weeks. These results indicate that allopurinol is acceptable to B.germanica as a dietary supplement which could be used in baits for cockroach control.
Dust Control Effectiveness of Drywall Sanding Tools

In this laboratory study, four drywall sanding tools were evaluated in terms of dust generation rates in the respirable and thoracic size classes. In a repeated measures study design, 16 participants performed simulated drywall finishing tasks with each of four tools: (1) ventilated sander, (2) pole sander, (3) block sander, and (4) wet sponge. Dependent variables of interest were thoracic and respirable breathing zone dust concentrations. Analysis by Friedman's Test revealed that the ventilated drywall sanding tool produced significantly less dust, of both size classes, than did the other three tools. The pole and wet sanders produced significantly less dust of both size classes than did the block sander. The block sander, the most commonly used tool in drywall finishing operations, produced significantly more dust of both size classes than did the other three tools. When compared with the block sander, the other tools offer substantial dust reduction. The ventilated tool reduced respirable concentration...
The Minimal Unconscious

Untitled (1967) is a work without an author. A three-and-a-half-foot red relief with six convex elements, it is easily identified as one of Donald Judd’s classic Progressions of the 1960s. And yet Untitled is nowhere to be found in Judd’s catalogue raisonne, which lists three other works of similar shape, size, and color from the same year.3 In fact, it was during the preparation of this volume that the work’s authenticity was questioned, leading to its expurgation from the Judd literature. A
Nutrient and microbiological characteristics of fine benthic organic matter in sediment settling ponds

SUMMARY 1. Fine benthic organic matter (FBOM, particles <1 mm) was collected eight times in 1995 and 1996 from settling ponds located at the base of five catchments, and assayed for total C, N and P, extractable ammonium, mineralisable N, organic P, labile polysaccharides, denitrification potential, acetylene reduction and respiration rates, and β-glucosidase and phosphatase activities. The five catchments (10–101 ha in size) are located in the Pacific North-west of the United States. They contain either old-growth forests dominated by Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) or stands that were harvested 30 years ago and replanted with Douglas-fir, with riparian zones dominated by red alder (Alnus rubra), bigleaf and vine maple (Acer macrophyllum; A. circinatum) and understory herbaceous plants. 2. C : N ratios were significantly higher, and mineralisable N, extractable ammonium and labile polysaccharides were all significantly lower, in FBOM from old-growth catchment sediment than in FBOM from catchments containing harvested stands, showing that the chemical characteristics of FBOM were influenced by forest harvest. C and N concentrations were greatest in sediment from old-growth catchments, but microbial activities (respiration, denitrification potential, phosphatase and β-glucosidase) tended to be greater in sediment from the harvested catchments. 3. Levels of certain chemical components of harvested-catchment FBOM were elevated relative to those found in old growth; specifically, organic and total P, extractable ammonium, mineralisable N and labile polysaccharides, suggesting that stream FBOM from harvested basins is more biodegradable than stream FBOM from old-growth basins. 4. In addition to effects of past timber harvest on FBOM characteristics, there were also significant seasonal differences in both logged and unlogged catchments in all variables except mineralisable N, labile polysaccharides and acetylene reduction rates. 5. The results indicate that past timber harvest in five river basins influenced both composition of and seasonal fluctuations in fine benthic organic matter (FBOM) collected from stream sediments in settling ponds, suggesting a linkage between forest harvest and stream productivity. 6. Comparisons between seasonal patterns in stream and settling pond sediment FBOM characteristics suggested that the readily decomposable organic matter entering sediments during a storm event are rapidly transported and decomposed during their movement through the catchment basin. It also showed the validity of studying settling pond sediments as a surrogate for mountain stream sediments.
Parental Information Seeking Following a Positive Newborn Screening for Cystic Fibrosis

This investigation focused on the information-seeking behaviors of parents (N = 38) whose newborn had received a positive screening result for cystic fibrosis. Roughly half of the participants actively sought information about their child's potential disease prior to the clinic visit. The most common sources of information were the Internet, pediatricians, and family physicians. Analysis of behavior during the clinic visit showed rates of question asking that were judged as low, but they were comparable to the results of other studies. It was observed that parents occasionally would collaborate in the production of a single question. More educated parents tended to produce such questions more frequently. Importantly, frequency of collaborative questions was positively correlated with enhanced knowledge of cystic fibrosis six weeks after the clinic visit and with apparent dissatisfaction with the counseling interaction.
PATJ regulates tight junction formation and polarity in mammalian epithelial cells

Recent studies have revealed an important role for tight junction protein complexes in epithelial cell polarity. One of these complexes contains the apical transmembrane protein, Crumbs, and two PSD95/discs large/zonula occludens domain proteins, protein associated with Lin seven 1 (PALS1)/Stardust and PALS1-associated tight junction protein (PATJ). Although Crumbs and PALS1/Stardust are known to be important for cell polarization, recent studies have suggested that Drosophila PATJ is not essential and its function is unclear. Here, we find that PATJ is targeted to the apical region and tight junctions once cell polarization is initiated. We show using RNAi techniques that reduction in PATJ expression leads to delayed tight junction formation as well as defects in cell polarization. These effects are reversed by reintroduction of PATJ into these RNAi cells. This study provides new functional information on PATJ as a polarity protein and increases our understanding of the Crumbs–PALS1–PATJ complex function in epithelial polarity.
Parental Report of Everyday Cognitive Abilities Among Children Treated For Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Compared ratings of everyday cognitive functioning made by parents of leukemic children to ratings made by parents of normal control and learning disabled (LD) children. The leukemic children had been randomly assigned to one of two CNS prophylaxis treatments, one including cranial irradiation and intrathecal methotrexate and another including only intrathecal methotrexate and intermediate dose infusions of methotrexate. Leukemic children were rated significantly worse than controls in areas related to schooling and academic skills. The type of CNS prophylaxis was not discriminated by parent ratings. LD children were rated as significantly worse than either of the two groups in all areas of cognitive functioning. Leukemic and LD children were both rated as having poor academic skills. Leukemic children missed significantly more school than control and LD children, and their poor ratings on academic skills were partially attributed to academic deprivation. These results suggest that studies should control for academic deprivation when evaluating the neuropsychological outcome of CNS prophylactic treatment and that reintegration and normalization programs should be designed to address the intellectual problems resulting from missed academic experiences.
On-Chip Photonic Interconnects: A Computer Architect's Perspective

As the number of cores on a chip continues to climb, architects will need to address both bandwidth and power consumption issues related to the interconnection network. Electrical interconnects are not likely to scale well to a large number of processors for energy efficiency reasons, and the problem is compounded by the fact that there is a fixed total power budget for a die, dictated by the amount of heat that can be dissipated without special (and expensive) cooling and packaging techniques. Thus, there is a need to seek alternatives to electrical signaling for on-chip interconnection applications. Photonics, which has a fundamentally different mechanism of signal propagation, offers the potential to not only overcome the drawbacks of electrical signaling, but also enable the architect to build energy efficient, scalable systems. The purpose of this book is to introduce computer architects to the possibilities and challenges of working with photons and designing on-chip photonic interconnection networks. Table of Contents: List of Figures / List of Tables / List of Acronyms / Acknowledgments / Introduction / Photonic Interconnect Basics / Link Construction / On-Chip Photonic Networks / Challenges / Other Developments / Summary and Conclusion / Bibliography / Authors' Biographies
Individual differences in two-year-olds' curiosity in the assessment setting and in the grocery store

(1997). Individual Differences in Two-Year-Olds' Curiosity in the Assessment Setting and in the Grocery Store. The Journal of Genetic Psychology: Vol. 158, No. 4, pp. 495-497.
Patient and Provider Acceptance of Oral HIV Screening in a Dental School Setting

In 2006, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommended routine HIV screening in health care settings regardless of the patient's level of risk. This pilot study was developed in response to the suggestion by some health care professionals that dental settings would be appropriate for expansion of HIV testing. This project consisted of two parts: oral fluid HIV testing of patients in the clinic of a dental school and a survey of the clinical dental faculty members' attitudes about acceptability of routine HIV testing in the dental clinic. When patients' agreement to participate in oral fluid HIV testing was examined, 8.2 percent of the patients contacted by the clinic administration staff completed testing. When approached by a faculty member or student during the dental visit admission and tested during the dental visit, however, 88.2 percent completed testing. Of the faculty members who took the survey, 27.4 percent were neutral, 26.4 percent were somewhat in agreement, and 32.1 percent were willing to incorporate HIV testing into routine dental care. In this pilot study, HIV testing of dental patients was most successful when a dental care provider approached patients about testing. If consent was given, the testing was performed during the visit. For the faculty members, the major barrier to testing was a lack of protocol familiarity.
Detrital zircons from fluvial Jurassic strata of the Michigan basin: Implications for the transcontinental Jurassic paleoriver hypothesis

The U-Pb age spectrum of detrital zircons in sandstone of the fluvial Middle Jurassic Ionia Formation in the Michigan basin, United States, resembles the age spectra in Jurassic eolianites of the Colorado Plateau, except that a Neoproterozoic (725–510 Ma) subpopulation present in the eolianites is absent from the Michigan basin strata. The detrital zircon data are compatible with the hypothesis that the Ionia Formation was deposited by northern tributaries of a transcontinental Jurassic paleoriver system that transported detritus from headwaters in Atlantic rift highlands of the Appalachian region to floodplains and deltas in the present northern Rocky Mountains region. Previous detrital zircon studies have indicated that sedimented lowlands in that paleogeographic position were deflated by paleowinds to feed eolian sand southward (in present coordinates) into the Colorado Plateau ergs (sand seas).
Program to improve bar-code print quality

In 2005, the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) established a formal program to address complaints from VA medical centers that poor bar-code print quality had resulted in workarounds of the bar-code-assisted medication-administration (BCMA) system.[1][1] Problematic bar codes can be sent from any
DIURETIC TREATMENT OF NOCTURNAL ENURESIS: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF AN OPEN PILOT STUDY

ABSTRACTPurpose:: Since antidiuretic treatment with desmopressin in the evening has proven effective against enuresis, it would not be surprising if diuretic treatment in the afternoon would have similar effects. We are currently testing this in an open pilot investigation.Materials and Methods:: A total of 33 children including 12 girls with a mean age ±SD of 7.6 ± 2.3 years with monosymptomatic enuresis were recruited from an outpatient primary care setting. Wet and dry nights were recorded for 2 weeks without medication, 2 weeks with 0.4 mg desmopressin orally at night and 2 weeks with 1 mg/kg furosemide 4 to 5 hours before bedtime.Results:: The mean number of wet nights ±SD during the 3 periods was 10.2 ± 3.0, 6.7 ± 4.7 and 7.8 ± 4.5, respectively. The effects of desmopressin and of furosemide were statistically significant (p <0.0001 and p = 0.001), although the 2 treatments did not differ (p = 0.08). Only 6 children had a complete response (ie greater than 90% reduction in wet nights) to desmopressi...
The impact of stimulus attributes on engagement of nursing home residents with dementia

We examined the influence of stimulus attributes on the engagement of 69 nursing home residents with dementia. Specifically, we looked at work-related stimuli versus manipulative block stimuli, and whether the color, size, and material of a stimulus affect the duration and quality of engagement. Engagement was assessed using the Observational Measurement of Engagement (OME). Results revealed a clear preference for the work-related rather than manipulative block stimuli. In addition, the study participants showed a significant preference for small rather than large blocks, regardless of color or material. The effect of material and color was not statistically significant. These findings may assist nursing home caregivers who wish to provide appropriate stimuli for engaging nursing home residents with dementia.