cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract 570: Role of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) in the cytotoxicity of the Hsp90 inhibitor 17AAG in human pancreatic cancer cells

Previous work has demonstrated that NQO1 can reduce the benzoquinone ansamycin Hsp90 inhibitor 17-allyamino-demethoxy geldanamycin (17AAG) to the corresponding hydroquinone (17AAGH2). The formation of 17AAGH2 by NQO1 results in a more water soluble molecule and that binds with greater affinity to Hsp90 when compared to the parent quinone 17AAG. Experiments were conducted with the human pancreatic cancer cell line Panc1 which is homozygous for the NQO1*2 polymorphism and contains only trace levels of NQO1 protein and no NQO1 catalytic activity. An isogenic cell line expressing high levels of NQO1 (Panc1-C5) was generated by stable transfection of wild type NQO1 in Panc1 cells. 17AAG was more cytotoxic to Panc1-C5 cells with high levels of NQO1 when compared to NQO1-null parental Panc1 cells. Pretreatment of Panc1-C5 cells with the NQO1 mechanism-based inhibitor ES936 reduced the cytotoxicity of 17AAG to the level observed in Panc1 cells. No difference in the cytotoxicity of the non-quinone Hsp90 inhibitor radicicol was observed between the two cell lines Biomarkers of Hsp90 inhibition were measured in both Panc1 and Panc1-C5 cells following treatment with 17AAG. Higher protein levels of Hsp70 and lower amounts of cRaf, phosphorylated ERK1/2 and phosphylated MEK were observed in Panc1-C5 cells compared to Panc1 cells. In addition, cell cycle analysis revealed a greater number of Panc1-C5 cells arrested in G2M following 17AAG treatment compared to Panc1 cells. Cytotoxicity studies were also performed in additional human pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC3 and MiaPaCa2) that contain high levels of catalytically active NQO1*1 protein and in agreement with the studies described above the cytotoxicity of 17AAG could be reduced significantly following pretreatment with the NQO1 inhibitor ES936. The intracellular concentrations of 17AAG and 17AAH2 were measured in human pancreatic cancer cell lines and it was observed that greater amounts of both 17AAG and 17AAGH2 could be detected in cell lines with catalytically active NQO1 when compared to cells lacking NQO1 activity or cells pretreated with ES936. These data demonstrate that in addition to generating a more potent Hsp90 inhibitor (17AAGH2) the reduction of 17AAG to 17AAGH2 by NQO1 leads to significantly greater intracellular concentrations of 17AAG and 17AAGH2. These data confirm the role of NQO1 in sensitivity to 17AAG and suggest that genotyping for the NQO1*2 polymorphism should be considered in patients undergoing 17AAG treatment for pancreatic cancer or other solid tumors that are known to contain high levels of NQO1 activity (Supported by CA51210). Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 570.
The social meaning of ICTs: patterns of technology adoption and usage in context

Understanding contextual variance of the social meaning of ICTs for development is essential; technology is much more likely to substantively contribute to development if we understand how technologies are likely to diffuse and be adopted -- and those patterns of diffusion and usage hinge on the social meaning of those technologies and how they inhabit a larger technological ecology. In this article we focus on the Internet as a series of technologies with widely varying meanings for users around the globe. We have found that while people who use the Internet tend to share characteristics across nations, what people do with the Internet, once available, differs in some surprising ways. In this article we compare users in two disparate regions -- the United States and two countries of Central Asia -- in order to demonstrate that "The Internet" is not only a series of technologies rather than one technical innovation, but the utility of that series of innovations differs across contexts.
Price dynamics in foreign currency futures markets

Abstract Nested tests of Samuelson's submartingale and martingale models of price behavior in an efficient futures market find significant autocorrelation at low lags in daily changes of log prices for four of ten currency futures contracts satisfying the assumptions of the statistical tests. Negative serial correlation following large price changes is also found. The analysis controls for bias due to institutional limits on daily price movements. Simulated trading based on out-of-sample forecasts suggests the dependencies probably could be exploited by traders who are members of the futures exchange to earn net profits greatly exceeding buy and hold.
Collision-induced dissociation of mobility-separated ions using an orifice-skimmer cone at the back of a drift tube.

An ion mobility-mass spectrometry technique that incorporates a differentially pumped orifice-skimmer cone (OSC) region at the exit of the drift tube has been developed. The OSC region is similar in design to those used in electrospray ionization sources and offers improvements in ion transmission (by factors of ∼5−10 compared with previous designs) and the ability to induce fragmentation of mobility-separated ions. The separation of ions prior to dissociation at the skimmer cone allows the origin of fragment ions to be examined. Here, we describe the experimental design and demonstrate the approach by examining fragment ions that are common to multiple charge states and different gas-phase ion conformations of electrosprayed angiotensin II and [Sar1, Val5, Ala8] angiotensin II peptides.
Assignment of the gene governing cellular ouabain resistance to Mus musculus chromosome 3 using human/mouse microcell hybrids

Human/mouse microcell hybrids were used to establish the assignment of the gene governing resistance to the cardiac glycoside ouabain (Oua-1) to Mus musculus chromosome 3. Microcells were prepared from primary mouse embryo fibroblasts and fused with HeLa S3 cells, and microcell hybrids were isolated and maintained in medium containing 10−6 m ouabain. Resistance to ouabain was not expressed concordantly with any of 26 murine isozyme markers. Karyotypic analysis of five primary clones showed that one to five murine chromosomes had been transferred from donor to recipient in these experiments. Only mouse chromosome 3 was common to all ouabain-resistant primary clones. Both ouabain-resistant and -sensitive subclones were isolated from hybrids grown in the absence of selective pressure, and karyotyping showed that loss of resistance to ouabain was concordant with the loss of murine chromosome 3.
ICU admission during round time is associated with increased mortality

In one of our ICUs, we started a two-intensivist coverage system during the day, with each intensivist admitting new patients every other day. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the increased mortality associated with round-time ICU admissions will disappear with the two-intensivist coverage system.
An asymptotic result for the degree of approximation by monotone polynomials

Abstract The problem considered is the approximation of a continuous function defined on an interval by polynomials which are monotone nondecreasing there. Upper and lower bounds on the degree of approximation as well as an asymptotic result are obtained.
Private security and community policing: Evaluation and comment

This article examines the crime prevention effectiveness of a private police department. The setting was a community with a low crime rate located within a high crime area. The research assumption was that the difference between the safety and security of this community and that of the area in which it is located is attributable to the private police department employed by the community. The analysis found that private policing can be an effective crime prevention factor. But the effectiveness of the private policing effort is a function of the department's highly visible, proactive, community-oriented, crime preventive patrol strategy. Although the results of this assessment provide additional support for this model of policing, they raise policy implications for the public-private distinction in policing.
591 BACTERIAL KILLING AND OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN CHLORPRDMAZINE (CPZ) TREATED POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMN): A MODEL FOR CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE

591 BACTERIAL KILLING AND OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN CHLORPRDMAZINE (CPZ) TREATED POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES (PMN): A MODEL FOR CHRONIC GRANULOMATOUS DISEASE
Clinicopathologic Features of Jugular Foramen Tumors

The jugular foramen (JF) is an anatomically complex region where important bony, neural, and vascular structures converge. Tumors are the primary cause of JF pathology and often present therapeutic challenges. In this article we discuss the clinical and pathologic aspects of JF tumors. These aspects include the classic JF clinical syndromes, imaging characteristics of specific JF tumors, and gross pathologic and histopathologic features. The three most common and important JF tumors, glomus jugulare tumors, meningiomas, and schwannomas, are discussed in depth. A wide variety of tumors can occur in the JF. Nonetheless, our current clinical and radiographic knowledge usually allows a clinician to ascertain the pathology of a JF tumor preoperatively with a high degree of certainty. Doing so allows the clinician not only to formulate the most effective treatment plan but also to provide accurate and thorough preoperative counseling to patients harboring these serious lesions.
Recombination between parental mitochondrial DNA following protoplast fusion can occur in a region which normally does not undergo intragenomic recombination in parental plants

A novel restriction fragment, which was not present in either parent's mitochondrial DNA, was cloned from the mitochondrial genome of a somatic hybrid Petunia line. This fragment resulted from interspecific recombination between homologous mitochondrial DNA regions of the parental plants, Petunia line 3704 and line 3688. Hybridization with a cloned Petunia atp9 gene revealed that the regions involved in recombination carry atp9 coding sequences. Intragenomic recombination within the parental mitochondrial genomes was not detected between the atp9 regions which recombined following protoplast fusion.
Semiclassical electron transfer: Zusman equations versus Langevin approach

Abstract The model of a donor–acceptor electron transfer (ET) being coupled to an overdamped reaction coordinate is studied semiclassically. Starting from an archetypal ET Hamiltonian, two different routes of the semiclassical approximation are critically analyzed and mutually compared. A first path proceeds along the Caldeira–Leggett form for the master equation for the reduced density matrix of “electron+reaction coordinate” which is cast in its Wigner phase–space representation. Integrating over the momentum of the reaction coordinate then yields (in the overdamped limit) the so-termed Zusman ET-equations. The alternative route starts from the formally exact quantum Heisenberg–Langevin equations. The corresponding derivation of the equations of motion for the observables involves a sort of a mean-field semiclassical approximation. The final result are nonlinear stochastic differential equations (SDE) of the Langevin type. We compare the results of these two approaches, both in the absence and in the presence of external time-dependent driving fields. Our findings are that both methods yield good agreement for the description of symmetric ET. In contrast, however, the SDE fails to describe the ET dynamics when a strong static bias is present. The inclusion of a strong time-periodic field ET-manipulation improves the Langevin approximation scheme, providing reasonable good agreement between both routes.
The Beverton–Holt q-difference equation

The Beverton–Holt model is a classical population model which has been considered in the literature for the discrete-time case. Its continuous-time analogue is the well-known logistic model. In this paper, we consider a quantum calculus analogue of the Beverton–Holt equation. We use a recently introduced concept of periodic functions in quantum calculus in order to study the existence of periodic solutions of the Beverton–Holt q-difference equation. Moreover, we present proofs of quantum calculus versions of two so-called Cushing–Henson conjectures.
Design of an 8-GeV Accumulator Ring for the Fermilab Tevatron I Project

The design of a 75-m radius, 8-GeV storage ring to be used for stochastic cooling and accumulation of antiprotons is described. The stochastic cooling systems have imposed strenuous requirements on the lattice and the resulting ring design is rather novel.
Antagonism of the anticonvulsant action of phenytoin, phenobarbital and acetazolamide by 6-hydroxydopamine.

Abstract The ability of phenytoin, phenobarbital and acetazolamide to prevent the tonic extensor component of the maximal electroshock seizure was evaluated 30–50 days after treatment with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). In the case of all 3 drugs, protection of rats from tonic extension was markedly reduced in the catecholamine amine deficient animals. However, the 6-OHDA-induced antagonism of anticonvulsant action was in all cases surmountable by increasing the dose of the anticonvulsant. These findings suggest a nonspecific antagonism of anticonvulsant action in 6-OHDA treated rats probably resulting from the increase in seizure susceptibility associated with catecholamine depletion.
Transient effects of radiative transfer in semitransparent materials

Abstract Temperature distributions within semitransparent materials can be strongly affected by internal emission, absorption and scattering of radiant thermal energy. This is important for translucent materials at elevated temperatures, in high temperature surroundings, or with large incident radiation. Transient behavior must be examined since translucence can result in internal temperature responses that are much more rapid and have different distributions than by heat conduction alone. Radiation effects on transients have been studied less than for steady state because of additional mathematical and computational complexities, but an appreciable literature has gradually developed. Detailed transient solutions are necessary to examine heat transfer and thermal stresses in ceramic components, ceramic thermal protection coatings, forming and tempering of glass windows, porous burners and insulation systems, energy dissipation from liquid drop and liquid sheet space radiators, some high temperature ceramic components in advanced aircraft engines, and other scientific and engineering applications. In this article, some of the governing equations are summarized along with the required radiative and convective boundary conditions. The literature is reviewed to provide an overview of the computational methods, geometries and types of conditions that have been analyzed. Analytical results are given to demonstrate transient effects and comparisons are made with transient experimental measurements.
Protein Binding of Bilirubin in Plasma of Anephric Patients

The protein binding of bilirubin was determined in the plasma of seven adult surgically anephric patients, eight adult physiologically anephric patients (creatinine clearance < 5 ml/min) and 13 adult normal volunteers. The determinations were carried out with undiluted plasma to which bilirubin, about 10 mg/100 ml, had been added. The free fraction of bilirubin in plasma (ratio of free to total concentration was (19.8 ± 8.1) × 10−5 in the surgically anephric, (10.4 ± 4.0) ± 10−5 in the physiologically anephric, and (1.81 ± 0.34) ± 10−5 in the normal subjects (mean ± standard deviation). Based on this difference in plasma protein binding, patients in renal failure may be expected to have lower steady state plasma concentrations of total (free plus bound) bilirubin than do patients with normal renal function if the formation rate and intrinsic metabolic clearance of the pigment are the same as in normal subjects. This conclusion is consistent with available clinical evidence.
Comparative genomics in ecological physiology: toward a more nuanced understanding of acclimation and adaptation

Organisms that live in variable environments must adjust their physiology to compensate for environmental change. Modern functional genomics technologies offer global top-down discovery-based tools for identifying and exploring the mechanistic basis by which organisms respond physiologically to a detected change in the environment. Given that populations and species from different niches may exhibit different acclimation abilities, comparative genomic approaches may offer more nuanced understanding of acclimation responses, and provide insight into the mechanistic and genomic basis of variable acclimation. The physiological genomics literature is large and growing, as is the comparative evolutionary genomics literature. Yet, expansion of physiological genomics experiments to exploit taxonomic variation remains relatively undeveloped. Here, recent advances in the emerging field of comparative physiological genomics are considered, including examples of plants, bees and fish, and opportunities for further development are outlined particularly in the context of climate change research. Elements of robust experimental design are discussed with emphasis on the phylogenetic comparative approach. Understanding how acclimation ability is partitioned among populations and species in nature, and knowledge of the relevant genes and mechanisms, will be important for characterizing and predicting the ecological and evolutionary consequences of human-accelerated environmental change.
Biophysical Characterization of Insoluble Aggregates of a Multi-Domain Protein: An Insight into the Role of the Various Domains

ABSTRACT Insoluble (visible) aggregates of a homodimer fusion glycoprotein, consisting of the first extracellular domain of a human protein, fused to the hinge, C H 2, and C H 3 domains of a human immunoglobulin G 1 (IgG 1 ), were observed during early formulation development. The soluble fraction of the fusion protein was compared to the visible aggregates by various biophysical techniques such as intrinsic and ANS fluorescence emission, reducing and nonreducing SDS–PAGE, equilibrium folding and refolding experiments in urea and guanidine hydrochloride in the absence and presence of mercaptoethanol. Significant differences were observed between the visible aggregates and the supernatant. Partial unfolding of the aggregated molecules was detected by intrinsic and ANS fluorescence. Using urea and guanidine hydrochloride unfolding/solubilization and refolding curves, it was possible to extrapolate that (i) the aggregates were not covalently linked but tightly associated, (ii) the fused domains of the protein were unfolded but not involved in the aggregation process, (iii) the C H 2 domains were native-like, and (iv) the C H 3 domains were involved in the aggregation process. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.
Theory of the effect of odd-photon destructive interference on optical shifts in resonantly enhanced multiphoton excitation and ionization

We present a theory for two- and three-photon excitation, optical shifting, and four-wave mixing when a first laser is tuned onto, or near, a two-photon resonance and a second much more intense laser is tuned near or on resonance between the two-photon resonance and a second excited state. When the second excited state has a dipole-allowed transition back to the ground state and the concentration is sufficiently high, a destructive interference is produced between three-photon coupling of the ground state and the second excited state and one-photon coupling between the same states by the internally generated four-wave mixing field. This interference leads to several striking effects. For instance, as the onset of the interference occurs, the optical shifts in the two-photon resonance excitation line shape become smaller in copropagating geometry so that the line shapes for multiphoton ionization enhanced by the two-photon resonance eventually become unaffected by the second laser. In the same range of concentrations the four-wave mixing field evolves to a concentration-independent intensity. With counterpropagating laser beams the line shape exhibits normal optical shifts like those observed for both copropagating and counterpropagating laser beams at very low concentrations. The theoretical work presented here extends our earlier works by more » including the effect of laser bandwidth and by removing the restriction of having the second laser be tuned far from three-photon resonance. In this way we have now included, as a special case, the effect of both laser bandwidth and interference on laser-induced transparency. Unlike other effects related to odd-photon destructive interference, the effect of a broad bandwidth is to bring about the predicted effects at much lower concentrations. Studies in rubidium show good agreement between theory and experiment for both ionization line shapes and four-wave mixing intensity as a function of concentration. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society} « less
Studies on gill ATPase of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).

Abstract 1. 1. Microsomal ATPase activities from gills of fresh water- and salt water-adapted rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were examined at temperatures of 13 °C and 37 °C. 2. 2. The alkali metal-stimulated activity measured at 13 °C was enhanced by preincubating the reaction mixture, minus ATP, for 30 min at 37 °C. This procedure nearly eliminated “baseline” Mg2+-ATPase activity. The salt water “baseline” showed a greater temperature sensitivity than that of fresh water. 3. 3. The enzyme from salt water fish required both Na+ (100 mM) and K+ (20 mM) for maximal activation at 13 °C. The K m for Na+ was 7 mM and for K+, 0.8 mM. 5·10−4 M ouabain completely inhibited for alkali metal stimulation ( K i = 1.3·10 −5 M ). Na+ alone was ineffective in stimulating activity at 13 and 37 °C. 4. 4. The enzyme from fresh water fish required only Na+ (200 mM) for maximal stimulation at 13 °C, although a small amount of K+ stimulation was sometimes seen. The K m for Na+ was 25 mM. This activity was unaffected by 5·10−4 M ouabain; 5·10−3 M ouabain inhibited only about 30%. At 37 °C, K+, in addition to Na+, was required for maximal activity. This K+ stimulation was inhibited by 5·10−4 M ouabain while the Na+ stimulation remained relatively insensitive to the inhibitor. 5. 5. The fresh water enzyme required 2.5 mM Mg2+ ( K m = 0.9 mM ) for optimal activity at 13 °C and the salt water enzyme required [Mg 2+ ] = 5 mM (K m = 1.0 mM ) . 6. 6. The fresh water enzyme showed maximal activity over wide ranges of pH (6.6–8.0) whereas the salt water enzyme showed a distinct optimum at pH 7.1. 7. 7. The alkali metal-activated ATPase activity was greater in the gills of salt water fish than those adapted to fresh water.
Numerical Simulation of Noise from Supersonic Jets Passing Through a Rigid Duct

The generation, propagation and radiation of sound from a perfectly expanded Mach 2.5 cold supersonic jet flowing through an enclosed rigid-walled duct with an upstream J-deflector have been numerically simulated with the aid of OVERFLOW Navier-Stokes CFD code. A one-equation turbulence model is considered. While the near-field sound sources are computed by the CFD code, the far-field sound is evaluated by Kirchhoff surface integral formulation. Predictions of the farfield directivity of the OASPL (Overall Sound Pressure Level) agree satisfactorily with the experimental data previously reported by the author. Calculations also suggest that there is significant entrainment of air into the duct, with the mass flow rate of entrained air being about three times the jet exit mass flow rate.
Timolol‐induced up‐regulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte β2‐adrenergic receptors in the elderly

Drug-induced up-regulation of β-adrenergic receptors is impaired in the brains of aged rats but not in myocardia. To investigate age-related changes in receptor regulation in human beings, young (24 to 35 years of age) and elderly (62 to 78 years of age) healthy volunteers were treated with the β-adrenergic receptor blocking agent timolol maleate (10 mg b.i.d.) for 8 days. Baseline densities of β2-adrenergic receptors on polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMNL) membranes and heart rates were the same in the two age groups. However, systolic blood pressures were higher in the elderly subjects. Administration of timolol produced similar plasma levels in the two groups. In response to timolol, the density of PMNL β-adrenergic receptors increased at a similar rate and to the same extent (threefold) in both age groups. Likewise, hemodynamic changes were not related to age. These results suggest that up-regulation of peripheral β2-adrenergic receptors in human beings is not impaired with aging. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1989) 45, 469–475; doi:10.1038/clpt.1989.60
The Rise and Fall of Rudist Reefs

From the mountains of Europe to the deserts of Mexico, o e finds geo logic formations that contain ancient marine fossils so peculiar in shape that local folk once imagined them to be horns shed by sheep or goats. Some farmers built impressive walls and fences with these odd stones. Many decades ago, they realized that their building materials were in fact the shells of extinct marine organisms. But few of those people could have grasped just how apropos it was to be arrang ing those particular fossils into impos ing barriers. After all, without some training in geology, who would know the ancient animal's true notoriety in the annals of the former world: that of
Forecasting the impact of an 1859-calibre superstorm on satellite resources

We have assembled a database of operational satellites in orbit as of 2004, and have developed a series of simple models to assess the economic impacts to this resource caused by various scenarios of superstorm events possible during the next sunspot cycle between 2010 and 2014. Despite the apparent robustness of our satellite assets against the kinds of storms we have encountered during the satellite era, our models suggest a potential economic loss exceeding $10(exp 11) for satellite replacement and lost profitability caused by a once a century single storm similar to the 1859 superstorm. From a combination of power system and attitude control system (the most vulnerable) failures, we estimate that 80 satellites (LEO, MEO, GEO) may be disabled as a consequence of a superstorm event. Additional consequences may include the failure of many of the GPS, GLONASS and Galileo satellite systems in MEO. Approximately 98 LEO satellites that normally would not have re-entered for many decades, may prematurely de-orbit in ca 2021 as a result of the temporarily increased atmospheric drag caused by the superstorm event occurring in 2012. The $10(exp 11) International Space Station may lose at least 15 kilometers of altitude, placing it in critical need for re-boosting by an amount that is potentially outside the range of typical Space Shuttle operations during the previous solar maximum in ca 2000, and at a time when NASA plans to decommission the Space Shuttle. Several LEO satellites will unexpectedly be placed on orbits that enter the ISS zone of avoidance, requiring some action by ground personnel and ISS astronauts to avoid close encounters. Radiation effects on astronauts have also been considered and could include a range of possibilities from acute radiation sickness for astronauts inside spacecraft, to near-lethal doses during EVAs. The specifics depends very sensitively on the spectral hardness of the accompanying SPE event. Currently, the ability to forecast extreme particle events and coronal mass ejections, or predict their fluences and geo-severity in the 24-hrs prior to the event, appears to be no better than 50/50. If the events of the 1859 superstorm serve as a guide, the scope of a contemporary superstorm will most certainly be an awesome event, but one that the vast majority of our other satellite resources may reasonably be expected to survive.
Assistances and Encouragements in the Ways of Piety: Conceptions of Private Devotion in Early Modern England

The essays in this issue remind us that early modern devotion was social. The period's distinction between public and private devotion obscures the varied and often communal nature of private devot...
Cardiac uptake of minocycline and mechanisms for in vivo cardioprotection.

Objectives The ability of minocycline to be transported into cardiac cells, concentrate in normal and ischemic myocardium, and act as a cardioprotector in vivo was examined. We also determined minocycline9s capacity to act as a reducer of myocardial oxidative stress and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity. Background The identification of compounds with the potential to reduce myocardial ischemic injury is of great interest. Tetracyclines are antibiotics with pleiotropic cytoprotective properties that accumulate in normal and diseased tissues. Minocycline is highly lipophilic and has shown promise as a possible cardioprotector. However, minocycline9s potential as an in vivo cardioprotector as well as the means by which this action is attained are not well understood. Methods Rats were subjected to 45 min of ischemia and 48 h of reperfusion. Animals were treated 48 h before and 48 h after thoracotomy with either vehicle or 50 mg/kg/day minocycline. Tissue samples were used for biochemical assays and cultured cardiac cells for minocycline uptake experiments. Results Minocycline significantly reduced infarct size (∼33%), tissue MMP-9 activity, and oxidative stress. Minocycline was concentrated ∼24-fold in normal (0.5 mmol/l) and ∼50-fold in ischemic regions (1.1 mmol/l) versus blood. Neonatal rat cardiac fibroblasts, myocytes, and adult fibroblasts demonstrated a time- and temperature-dependent uptake of minocycline to levels that approximate those of normal myocardium. Conclusions Given the high intracellular levels observed and results from the assessment of in vitro antioxidant and MMP inhibitor capacities, it is likely that minocycline acts to limit myocardial ischemic injury via mass action effects.
Normal Modes of the World Ocean. Part II: Description of Modes in the Period Range 8 to 80 Hours

Abstract We have calculated normal modes with period between 8 and 80 h for a domain consisting of the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. In this period range the numerical model has 56 modes, of which 13 are topographic vorticity waves all slower than 30 h. The trapping sites for these modes are the Siberian Shelf, the Icelandic Plateau, the Grand Banks, the Falkland Plateau and Patagonian Shelf, the Kerguelen Plateau, the New Zealand and Fiji Plateaus, and the Hawaiian Ridge. Predominantly planetary vorticity waves do not appear in the model at periods less than 80 h. The 41 modes found between 30 and 8 h include basin modes in the North Atlantic, Indian and equatorial Pacific; quarter-wave resonances in the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal and Gulf of Guinea; and Kelvin waves on the Antarctic coast, the Pacific North American coast and the New Zealand coast. Several vorticity and gravity modes exhibit an eastward circumglobal flow of energy that is confined to equatorial latitudes except where defl...
Must the entire brain be dead to diagnose brain death

To the Editor: The June 2006 issue of the Canadian Journal of Anesthesia contains four excellent articles dealing with brain death.1–4 In 1981 the President’s Commission for the Study of Ethical Problems in Medicare and Biomedical and Behavioral Research published a landmark report intended to establish a common ground for American law related to brain death.5 The commission defined brain death as the “irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem”. Since that time, this seminal report has been used as the basis for much of the discourse on brain death, especially in the United States. Similarly, the World Medical Association has written that “it is essential to determine the irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain, including the brain stem”.6 The purpose of this letter is to point out that, while these bodies have defined brain death in terms of “irreversible cessation of all functions of the entire brain,” in the years since this definition has been widely adopted it has become very clear that many (perhaps most) patients diagnosed with brain death do not actually meet this requirement. In particular, many patients diagnosed with brain death still synthesize arginine vasopressin (which regulates serum osmolality), implying the presence of residual function in the hypothalmus. Indeed, evaluation of hypothalamic function is not part of any brain death protocol with which I am familiar. It may be time for the World Medical Association and other authorities to reformulate the definition of brain death to reflect current clinical realities.
Facilitators and Barriers to Adopting Robotic-Assisted Surgery: Contextualizing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology

Robotic-assisted surgical techniques are not yet well established among surgeon practice groups beyond a few surgical subspecialties. To help identify the facilitators and barriers to their adoption, this belief-elicitation study contextualized and supplemented constructs of the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) in robotic-assisted surgery. Semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 21 surgeons comprising two groups: users and nonusers. The main facilitators to adoption were Perceived Usefulness and Facilitating Conditions among both users and nonusers, followed by Attitude Toward Using Technology among users and Extrinsic Motivation among nonusers. The three main barriers to adoption for both users and nonusers were Perceived Ease of Use and Complexity, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Behavioral Control. This study's findings can assist surgeons, hospital and medical school administrators, and other policy makers on the proper adoption of robotic-assisted surgery and can guide future research on the development of theories and framing of hypotheses.
Reverse transcriptase-associated RNase H. Part IV. Pyrophosphate does not inhibit RNase H activity of AMV DNA polymerase.

Abstract Sodium pyrophosphate, a known inhibitor of DNA polymerases, strongly inhibits DNA synthesis directed by various synthetic and natural template-primers and catalysed by reverse transcriptases from AMV and RLV, but has no effect on the reverse transcriptase-associated ribonuclease H activity. The synthesis of both actinomycin D sensitive and insensitive DNA under the direction of 70 S AMV RNA or globin mRNA with high or low concentrations of substrate triphosphates is inhibited by the addition of pyrophosphate but under none of these conditions, could RNase H activity be suppressed by inclusion of pyrophosphate. These studies further establish that the site for RNase H function is distinct from the substrate binding site and that the target for pyrophosphate action is not the RNase H (template binding site).
Interorgan relationships of alanine and glutamine during fasting in the conscious dog

This study was designed to assess the interorgan relationships of glutamine and alanine in the conscious, overnight fasted dog, and to determine changes which occur with progressive fasting. Dogs were fasted for 18 hr (n = 6), 48 hr (n = 6), and 96 hr (n = 6) prior to the study. Catheters had been previously implanted in the femoral artery, renal vein, portal vein, and hepatic vein, and were used for blood sampling at 30-min intervals during the 3-hr experimental period. Hepatic and renal blood flows were determined by indocyanine green and para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) extraction methods, respectively. Balance data (micromoles/kilogram/minute) were estimated by multiplying the appropriate arteriovenous concentration differences by blood flows. Hepatic uptake of glutamine decreased 50% after a 48-hr fast, and by 96 hr, the liver became a net producer of glutamine. Gut utilization remained constant throughout fasting. The kidney's utilization gradually increased with fasting. The hepatic extraction of alanine fell with fasting, declining to 40% of its original uptake at 96 hr. The gut's production of alanine fell during the first 48 hr of fasting, but remained stable thereafter. The kidney's production of alanine increased throughout the period of starvation. The arterial concentration of glutamine rose with fasting, while that of alanine fell even with a 48 hr fast. The liver, by becoming a net producer of glutamine, and the kidney, by increasing its production of alanine, decrease demands for peripheral release of these two amino acids, and thus may have protein-sparing actions during fasting.
Montanoceratops cerorhynchus (Dinosauria: Ceratopsia) and relationships among basal neoceratopsians

ABSTRACT Montanoceratops cerorhynchus has been described as the sister group of Ceratopsidae, even though analyses and diagnosis of this taxon have been tentative and incomplete. A second specimen of M. cerorhynchus includes new diagnostic elements, most notably a partial skull including the caudal half of the braincase, pectoral girdle and manus. Results of a cladistic analysis of eight basal neoceratopsians (Protoceratops, Leptoceratops, Bagaceratops, Microceratops, Breviceratops, Montanoceratops, Asiaceratops, and Udanoceratops) and four ceratopsids (Centrosaurus, Anchiceratops, Chasmosaurus, and Styracosaurus) confirm Montanoceratops as the sister group of Ceratopsidae. Microceratops and Asiaceratops are positioned at the base of Neoceratopsia. Protoceratops, Leptoceratops, and Udanoceratops constitute a monophyletic Protoceratopsidae. Paleogeographical interpretation of the cladogram suggests that Neoceratopsia originated in Asia, and that there were at least two migrations of ceratopsians from Asia ...
A recA-like gene in Drosophila melanogaster that is expressed at high levels in female but not male meiotic tissues.

The RecA protein is the central enzyme in prokaryotic recombination. It catalyzes pairing and strand exchange between homologous DNA molecules, and functions in both DNA repair and genetic recombination. The RecA-like proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 of yeast are both required for meiotic recombination and the former is also necessary for repair of double-strand breaks in vegetative cells. Genes encoding Rad51 homologs have been isolated recently from several higher eukaryotes. This paper describes the isolation and molecular characterization of a genomic DNA fragment fromDrosophila melanogaster containing the coding sequence for a RecA-like protein. This protein exhibits strong sequence homology with the Rad51 proteins of budding yeast, fission yeast, chickens, mouse and humans, and slightly less (but still strong) homology with yeast Dmcl. Both in situ hybridization and Southern analysis indicate that theRad51 gene is present only once per genome inDrosophila (at 99D on chromosome arm3R). However, there are at least three other fragments that cross-hybridize strongly at low stringency. RNA blotting analysis detects a single transcript of about 1.35 kb that is present throughout development at low levels. Transcript levels are induced at least tenfold in ovaries, as measured by RNase protection analysis, suggestive of a role in female meiosis. Transcript levels are significantly lower in testes than in bulk RNA of adult males, however, indicating that Rad51 may be repressed in meiosis ofDrosophila males.
Neutron escape from water-moderated tanks

Integral measurements have been made to determine neutron escape fractions from water-moderated tanks. Initial measurements of source strength were done with a manganese-bath sphere of 48-cm effective radius. Source-induced counting rates from a sphere of 28·2-cm radius and a cylinder of apparent effective radius of 36·7 cm gave leakage fractions up to ten times greater than the large tank. These experiments were done primarily for Cf252, RaBe (α, n), and AmBe (α, n) sources, with some additional data from PuBe (α, n) and RaBe (γ, n). Data were also obtained at both a dense and a dilute concentration of manganous sulfate. Measurements of the reflection coefficient were obtained. It has been possible to fit the observations to a simple two-component model which allows interpolation and extrapolation with an accuracy adequate for better than 12 per cent absolute neutron calibrations. If the leakage values obtained in this paper are used, a number of discrepancies existing in published calibrations of international sources may be rectified to produce a more uniform pattern of consistency. This improvement also applies to reported measurements of the fission parameters ν and η.
035 INCIDENCE AND PREDICTORS OF LEFT VENTRICULAR MURAL THROMBUS AFTER ST-ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN THE CONTEMPORARY ERA OF PRIMARY PCI

Background In patients presenting with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), early and aggressive reperfusion therapy increases myocardial salvage and improves survival. Left ventricular mural thrombus (LVT) is more likely to occur after full thickness infarction. The aim of this study was to define the incidence of LVT and its predictors in the contemporary era of effective primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We retrospectively analysed 1220 patients with STEMI admitted directly to our centre for primary PCI (1 January 2009–31 August 2012). Patients received dual antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy at the operator9s discretion (unfractionated heparin, bivalirudin and/or abciximab). A transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) was performed in all cases prior to discharge. Echo-contrast was used when appropriate. Results LVT was detected by TTE in 41 patients (3.9%). There were no significant differences in baseline demographic in patients with and without LVT. LV systolic function, an anterior location of infarction and apical akinesis all predicted LVT. Univariate analysis also demonstrated a relationship between LVT and ejection fraction (EF). Mean EF in patients with LVT was 34% (95% CI 31.7 to 36.6); without LVT EF was 48% (95% CI 47% to 48.6%) p Conclusions In the contemporary era of primary PCI, the incidence of LVT in patients with STEMI is significantly lower than the previous literature suggests. Formation of LVT is predicted by anterior location of MI, reduced LV systolic function and the presence of an apical akinetic segment.
X- and Ku-band amplifiers with GaAs Schottky-barrier FETS

This paper will report on two low-power FET amplifiers: 8.2 GHz with 17.5-dB gain and 1.3-GHz bandwidth; 9.5-14.3 GHz with 8.5-dB gain.
Attachment of Bacteria to Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Diarrhea Caused by Escherichia coli Strain RDEC-1 in the Rabbit: Stages and Role of Capsule

RDEC-1 is a strain of Escherichia coli that, in rabbits, attaches to intestinal mucosal epithelial cells bereft of microvillar borders and causes diarrhea by an unknown mechanism. The stages of attachment of RDEC-1 bacteria to mucosal epithelial cells were examined using high-voltage electron microscopy of thick (0.5-micrometers) sections of ileum and cecum of rabbits with diarrhea. The tissues were stained with ruthenium red or antisera to strain RDEC-1 OK antigens. Micrographs, including stereopairs, demonstrated several stages of bacterial attachment. Bacteria were attached to the glycocalyxes of epithelial cell microvilli and to pedestal-like extrusions of the surfaces of epithelial cells lacking microvilli. Structures consistent with bacterial pili were rarely visualized. Attachment to microvilli appeared to be a result of the interaction of polysaccharides of the microvillar glycocalyx and the K antigen of the bacterial capsule.
Cancer education among primary care physicians in an underserved community.

Abstract Introduction: Urban minority groups, such as those living in north Manhattan, are generally underserved with regard to cancer prevention and screening practices. Primary care physicians are in a critical position to counsel their patients on these subjects and to order screening tests for their patients. Methods: Eighty-four primary care physicians in two intervention communities who received educational visits about cancer screening and prevention were compared with 38 physicians in a nearby community who received no intervention. With pre- and post-test interviews over an 18-month period, the physicians were asked about their attitudes toward, knowledge of (relative to American Cancer Society guidelines), and likelihood of counseling and screening for breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Results: Comparison of the two surveys of physicians indicated no statistically significant differences in knowledge of cancer prevention or screening. At post-test, however, intervention group physicians identified significantly fewer barriers to practice than control physicians ( p Conclusions: We uncovered significant changes in attitude due to academic detailing among urban primary care physicians practicing in north Manhattan. A significant pre-test sensitization effect and small numbers may have masked overall changes in cancer prevention and screening behaviors among physicians due to the intervention.
Active chronic hepatitis in infancy: Possible presence of the disease in siblings

Summary Active chronic hepatitis, confirmed by biopsy, is reported in an infant who was 10 months of age when she had the onset of recurrent jaundice, fever, and malaise. She had laboratory evidence of liver injury, hypergammaglobulinemia, and, on one occasion, hemolytic anemia. A sister of the patient died at 46 months of age and had postnecrotic cirrhosis at postmortem examination. This is the youngest patient described in the literature with active chronic hepatitis.
ELECTRON IRRADIATION OF KUIPER BELT SURFACE ICES: TERNARY N2-CH4-CO MIXTURES AS A CASE STUDY

The space weathering of icy Kuiper Belt Objects was investigated in this case study by exposing methane (CH4) and carbon monoxide (CO) doped nitrogen (N2) ices at 10 K to ionizing radiation in the form of energetic electrons. Online and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was utilized to monitor the radiation-induced chemical processing of these ices. Along with isocyanic acid (HNCO), the products could be mainly derived from those formed in irradiated binary ices of the N2-CH4 and CO-CH4 systems: nitrogen-bearing products were found in the form of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), hydrogen isocyanide (HNC), diazomethane (CH2N2), and its radical fragment (HCN2); oxygen-bearing products were of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), formyl radical (HCO), and formaldehyde (H2CO). As in the pure ices, the methyl radical (CH3) and ethane (C2H6) were also detected, as were carbon dioxide (CO2) and the azide radical (N3). Based on the temporal evolution of the newly formed products, kinetic reaction schemes were then developed to fit the temporal profiles of the newly formed species, resulting in numerical sets of rate constants. The current study highlights important constraints on the preferential formation of isocyanic acid (HNCO) over hydrogen cyanide (HCN) and hydrogen isocyanide (HNC), thus guiding the astrobiological and chemical evolution of those distant bodies.