cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing and Evaluating CVSS Base Metrics and Microsoft Rating System

Evaluating the accuracy of vulnerability security risk metrics is important because incorrectly assessing a vulnerability to be more critical could lead to a waste of limited resources available and ignoring a vulnerability incorrectly assessed as not critical could lead to a breach with a high impact. In this paper, we compare and evaluate the performance of the CVSS Base metrics and Microsoft Rating system. The CVSS Base metrics are the de facto standard that is currently used to measure the severity of individual vulnerabilities. The Microsoft Rating system developed by Microsoft has been used for some of the most widely used systems. Microsoft software vulnerabilities have been assessed by both the Microsoft metrics and the CVSS Base metrics which makes their comparison feasible. The two approaches, the technical analysis approach (Microsoft) and the expert opinions approach (CVSS) differ significantly. To conduct this study, we examine 813 vulnerabilities of Internet Explorer and Windows 7. The two software systems have been selected because they have a rich history of publicly available vulnerabilities, and they differ significantly in functionality and size. The presence of actual exploits is used for evaluating them. The results show that exploitability metrics in either system do not correlate strongly with the existence of exploits, and have a high false positive rate.
Collaborating on Character…The SACCA Story

The essence of synergy is when the whole is greater than the sum of the parts. Working together, all benefit more than their individual contributions. If there was ever an area that desperately needs synergistic effort, it would be character and leadership development and assessment at our Federal Service Academies. Service Academy Commandants approved a character assessment consortium in 2008, subsequently named Service Academy Consortium on Character Assessment or SACCA. There were two primary drivers behind the support for the character assessment consortium. First, there was a recognized need for an integrated character development and assessment approach across all the service academies. The second push was the fact that collaboration supports synergies and economies of effort. While there are some specific differences in values and service cultures, the SACCA group has elevated its focus to two broad areas: developmental initiatives and opportunities and assessment strategies. Despite the sharing of information and agreement on some core matters, there are some significant challenges that SACCA has encountered. The capability to “stay ahead of the future” requires significant research, development, and institutional support. SACCA intends to press the boundaries in terms of initiatives to develop and assess leadership and character and to think creatively in a resource strapped environment.
Mutagenicity and Tumor-initiating Activity of Fluorinated Derivatives of 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene

7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) and its 1-, 2-, 5-, and 11-fluoro derivatives were tested to determine their mutagenicity for ouabain resistance in Chinese hamster V79 cells and their tumor-initiating activity in mouse skin. Inasmuch as V79 cells do not metabolize polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, mutagenesis was tested both in the presence and in the absence of golden hamster embryo cells capable of metabolizing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Neither DMBA nor any of the fluorinated derivatives showed mutagenicity for V79 cells in the absence of the golden hamster cells. In the presence of these cells, DMBA and 11-fluoro-DMBA exhibited a comparable mutagenic response that was dose dependent. At a dose as low as 0.01 ..mu..m, a 7- to 10-fold increase in the frequency of ouabain-resistant mutants was observed. The other derivatives were either inactive or required more than a 1000-fold higher dose to induce a comparable mutagenic response. Similarly, both DMBA and 11-fluoro-DMBA at 100 nmol initiated tumors in 100% of the tested mice, whereas the other fluorinated derivatives at this dose initiated skin tumors in 15% or less of the treated mice. The average number of papillomas per mouse induced by 1-, 2-, and 5-fluoro-DMBA was more than 100-fold lower than the number inducedmore » by DMBA or 11-fluoro-DMBA. These results suggest that carbon positions 1 and 2 of DMBA, which are located at the bay region, and position 5, which is located at the K-region, are involved in the metabolic activation of DMBA into mutagenic and carcinogenic metabolites.« less
A Nationwide Survey of Prescribing Patterns for Thrombolytic Drugs in Acute Myocardial Infarction

In November 1988, 164 hospitals enrolled in the Drug Surveillance Network participated in a nationwide survey of prescribing patterns for thrombolytic drugs for patients with an acute myocardial infarction. The results indicated that alteplase has made dramatic inroads, being used exclusively in 14.6% of the hospitals; in 64% of the hospitals both alteplase and streptokinase were on the formulary. Overall, however, only 17% of patients admitted with an acute myocardial infarction were treated with a thrombolytic, and use of these agents varied markedly across institutions. One of the reasons for this low figure may be the current maximum allowable time from onset of symptoms to administration of a thrombolytic. This time limit was less than 6 hours in the majority of hospitals in spite of recent evidence suggesting that these drugs may be effective up to 24 hours after onset of symptoms. The low and variable use of the agents for acute myocardial infarction suggests the need to identify patient- and physician-related obstacles so that overall attitudes and professional practice can be modified to reverse this trend. Given large number of institutions reporting the presence of formal, prospective, pharmacy-initiated monitoring programs, we suggest that clinical pharmacists will play a major role in implementing the necessary changes.
Use of the wearable cardioverter defibrillator in high-risk cardiac patients: data from the Prospective Registry of Patients Using the Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator (WEARIT-II Registry).

Background—Prospective data on the safety and efficacy of the wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) in a real-world setting are lacking. The Prospective Registry of Patients Using the Wearable ...
A familial factor in minimal brain dysfunction

The medical and social service charts of siblings and half siblings of 17 children with minimal brain dysfunction, (MBD)-all of whom began foster care at a young age — were reviewed for signs and findings of MBD. Compared to the half siblings, the full siblings of index MBD children had a significantly greater occurrence of short attention span, repeated childhood antisocial behavior, and diagnostic evidence for MBD. Appraised also for the sib and half sib groups were the following factors reportedly associated with MBD: presence of a seizure or a congenital disorder, low IQ, low birth weight, being male, and being first in the birth order. From these data, the most impressive findings were the high rate (30%) of seizure histories in designated MBD children and the evidence that there was a far greater occurrence of possible and likely MBD when both genetic and high rate factors coexisted.
Design of an automatic testing device for laser rangefinders

The automatic testing device for laser rangefinders is one means to check the operating condition and diagnose trouble in laser rangefinders. It is able to both check functions alone, diagnose trouble and be connected with an outer computer network. When no laser is emitted, it simulates laser ranging procedures. By microcomputer supervising, diagnosed trouble can be coded and directly displayed on the five-digit display with measured range data and range errors, or figures can be printed out by a printer.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Application of quasilinearization to methane pyrolysis

The rate constants appearing in differential equations derived from proposed mechanisms for methane pyrolysis were estimated from published integral conversion data. Quasilinearization, capable of fitting the differential equation solutions directly to the integral data and therefore not requiring differentiation or transformations, was used. Since differential equations representing free radical reactions have coefficients varying over many orders of magnitude, implicit numerical integration was used to obtain the numerous particular and homogeneous solutions required in the execution of the algorithm. Convergence was achieved by replacing the concentrations after each iteration with values near the solution at that point and by repeatedly estimating a small number of parameters in a cyclic manner in order to improve starting estimates of all parameters simultaneously. The mechanisms attempted were considered plausible when they led to adequate data fits and reasonable rate constant estimates. The major contribution of the work is that the algorithm is capable of testing a mechanistic model over a relatively wide range of conditions with minimal experimental data.
‘I Feel Fat': Weight-Related Stigma, Body Esteem, and BMI as Predictors of Perceived Competence in Physical Activity

Background: Efforts toward increasing participation in physical activity to prevent and treat overweight and obesity have as yet proved unsuccessful. Among the many barriers that di
An Expansion for Quasi-Reversible Linear Potential Sweep Voltammetry and the Use of Euler's Transformation of Series

An expansion for the current−voltage curves occurring in quasi-reversible linear potential sweep voltammetry is obtained in the form of an exponential (double) series. Euler's transformation of series is used for practical evaluation. Numerical precision problems limiting past applications of Euler's transformation can be overcome by the use of arbitrary precision arithmetic, now commonly available in mathematical software. Sample calculations are given, and the relation of the solution to previous work in the area is described.
Retinal pigment epithelium tears after bevacizumab injection.

Abstract Background The advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) treatment for choroidal neovascularization has become the standard of care for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Among the choices, intravitreal bevacizumab, for off-label use, has gained popularity. Recent attention has been on the complications of anti-VEGF treatment, one of them being a retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) tear. A tear in the RPE is a visually devastating complication, most commonly associated with fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachments (PED) in AMD, and may develop during the course of intravitreal bevacizumab treatment. Case report We report a case of an 85-year-old white man with decreased visual acuities of 20/70 in the right eye (O.D.) and 20/150 in the left eye (O.S.) secondary to dry AMD O.D. and wet AMD with a fibrovascular PED O.S. The patient underwent treatment with an intravitreal bevacizumab injection O.S. Six weeks after the initial injection, the patient returned with further declining vision in the left eye secondary to an RPE tear. Conclusion Intravitreal bevacizumab has proven to be an effective treatment for choroidal neovascularization and shows a significant improvement of vision for wet AMD patients. However, there are risks associated with the procedure. One of the most visually significant is an RPE tear, which can occur at an incidence rate as high as 17%. Optometrists should be aware of this rare, but serious, complication associated with anti-VEGF treatment for wet AMD.
Regulation of the mucosal IGA response--an overview.

(1989). Regulation of the mucosal IgA Response-an Overview. Immunological Investigations: Vol. 18, No. 1-4, pp. 1-15.
Infinite Multiplets and Crossing Symmetry. I. Three-Point Amplitudes

This paper investigates what remains of crossing symmetry in theories that are conventional local field theories in all but one respect: that infinite irreducible representations of the homogeneous Lorentz group are used. Only vertex functions are studied here; results for scattering amplitudes will be reported in a sequel. It is found that: (i) Form factors for scattering ($tl0$) and form factors for annihilation ($tg4{m}^{2}$) are strongly related to each other by the requirement that the interaction Lagrangian density be local, but they are not connected by analytic continuation. (ii) In the case of half-integral-spin fields, the empirical fact that the parities of particles and antiparticles are opposite makes it necessary to use a pair of conjugate irreducible representations, rather than a single unitary irreducible representation. An analog of the Dirac equation allows one to avoid parity doubling and to ensure a proper physical interpretation, provided that quantization is carried out with anticommutators.
The Alcohol History Collection at the Center of Alcohol Studies: A Valuable Resource on American Temperance And Prohibition

The American temperance movement, which culminated in the thirteen-year "dry" hiatus known as National Prohibition, provides a fascinating look at one of the most colorful eras in our history. By the 1830s, American alcohol consumption had peaked at an all-time high of 7.1 gallons of absolute alcohol per capita annually--more than three times the current consumption rate of 2.18 gallons. As drunkenness grew, many concerned citizens reacted by forming societies advocating the "temperate" use of alcohol (which generally meant moderate use of beer or wine, but no use of hard liquor). However, as the century progressed, fears arising from industrialization and the growing tide of immigration led most temperance leaders to call for total abstinence from all alcoholic beverages as a means of protecting society from the ravages of drink. The Woman's Crusade of the 1870s and the formation of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) and the Anti-Saloon League (ASL) reflected the concerns of Americans across the social spectrum for the protection of the family and the maintenance of social norms based largely on Protestant Christian values (although many Catholics and others shared temperance sympathies as well). The Alcohol History Collection at the Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies provides a valuable look into the attitudes, events, organizations, and leaders of those times.
Biological Growth on a Surface

A new biological growth model is introduced. After random selection of possible growth sites, cells are added in an allowable random direction. Unlike the Eden model, the current model is grid independent and can be adapted to any curved surface. Growths of colonies of as many as 105 cells are simulated on planar, cylindrical, and spherical surfaces. It is found that the interior density is constant, whereas the boundary is fractal.
Characterizing opioid withdrawal during double-blind buprenorphine detoxification

Background Prescription opioid (PO) abuse has become an urgent public health issue in the United States. Detoxification is one important treatment option, yet relatively little is known about the time course and severity of opioid withdrawal during buprenorphine detoxification.
Clopidogrel versus ticlopidine after intracoronary stent placement.

OBJECTIVES The study compared the safety and efficacy of ticlopidine with clopidogrel in patients receiving coronary stents. BACKGROUND Stent thrombosis is reduced when ticlopidine is administered with aspirin. Clopidogrel is similar to ticlopidine in chemical structure and function but has fewer side effects; few data are available about its use in stent patients. METHODS We compared 30-day event rates in 500 consecutive coronary stent patients treated with aspirin and clopidogrel (300 mg loading dose immediately prior to stent placement, and 75 mg/day for 14 days) to 827 consecutive stent patients treated with aspirin and ticlopidine (500 mg loading dose and 250 mg twice daily for 14 days). RESULTS Patients treated with clopidogrel had more adverse clinical characteristics including older age, more severe angina, and more frequent infarction within the prior 24 h. Nonetheless, mortality was 0.4% in clopidogrel patients versus 1.1% in ticlopidine patients; nonfatal myocardial infarction occurred in 0% versus 0.5%, stent thrombosis in 0.2% versus 0.7%, bypass surgery or repeat angioplasty in 0.4% versus 0.5%, and any event occurred in 0.8% versus 1.6% of patients, respectively (p = NS). Based on the observed 30-day event rate of 1.6% with ticlopidine, the statistical power of the study was 43% to detect an even rate of 0.5% with clopidogrel, and 75% to detect an event rate with of 4% with clopidogrel, with a p value of 0.05. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that clopidogrel can be safely substituted for ticlopidine in patients receiving coronary stents.
Graphical abstracts: a taxonomy and critique of an emerging genre

Graphical abstracts---visual representations of the central concepts in an article---are emerging as a genre in STEM fields. Originally used in Chemistry to represent the primary molecules and reactions under investigation, graphical abstracts have spread to other science and engineering fields, and in the process have evolved significantly, adapting for different disciplines and contexts. In this paper, we describe the emergence and current ecology of graphical abstracts, and develop a multi-layer taxonomy for analyzing how graphical abstracts function visually and rhetorically, in relation to the rest of their associated article, and to their mediated context. Using this taxonomy, we begin to suggest ways for authors, editors, and publishers to align the functions more productively.
Carrier Distribution and Dynamics of Nanocrystal Solids Doped with Artificial Atoms

Single component and multicomponent nanocrystal (NC) solids represent an exciting new form of condensed matter, as they can potentially capture not only the quantum features of the individual building blocks but also novel collective properties through coupling of NC components. Unlike bulk semiconductors, however, there is no current theory for how introduction of dopants will impact the electronic structure and transport properties of NC solids. Empirically, it is known that in semiconductor NC systems, mixing two different materials of NCs electronically dopes the film. However, it has been challenging to connect the macroscopic measurements of doping effects on transport behavior to a microscopic understanding of how the identity, placement, and abundance of dopants impact these measurements. In this Letter, we report the first temperature-dependent thermopower measurements in doped and undoped NC solids. In combination with temperature-dependent electrical conductivity measurements, how the doping af...
Dynamic analysis of bare printed circuit board under impact

This paper presents the fundamental understandings of the printed circuit board (PCB) dynamic behaviors under impact loading, with the use of finite element analysis for different configurations of boards. The effects of boundary conditions, and the impulse duration are also investigated. Excellent agreement is obtained between the bare board analysis and the actual component performance for the current JESD22-B111 drop test board. Then the same methodology is extended to a square-shape board. The guidelines for the future component placement and the selection of board dimension and component size are discussed. Fundamental frequencies of the different board configurations are calculated and compared. In addition, new impulse profile is proposed to obtain the board dynamic responses without ringing effect. This new impulse profile provides much convenience in the future for the analysis of drop test related failures.
The Effects of RE and Si on the Thickness and Cross Section Morphology of Zn-6Al-3Mg Alloy Coating

Hot-dip galvanized steels are widely used in modern industry. The corrosion resistance and formability of them are closely related to the thickness and cross section microstructure of the hot-dip coating. In this paper, the effects of Si and RE on the thickness of Zn-6Al-3Mg alloy coating (ZAM) were investigated. Steel sheets were coated by using an experimental hot-dip galvanizing simulator. The thickness and cross section microstructure of ZAM coating alloyed with different content of Si and RE were characterized by using optical microscope and SEM, and element distribution was study by EDS. The results demonstrated that the reaction between Al from the bath and Fe form the steel sheets was suppressed by the addition of 0.1 wt. % Si to the Zn-6Al-3Mg bath, and the addition of RE effectively decreased the thickness of coating by means of improving the flowing property of the zinc alloy bath. Under the combined effects of Si and RE, the thickness of Zn-6Al-3Mg alloy coating went down from 33 μm to 10.1 μm.
The effects of stimulus medium and feedback on the judgment of rapport

Abstract The efficacy of cognitive feedback and the relative ineffectiveness of outcome feedback has been well documented in the judgment literature (Balzer, Doherty, & O′Connor, 1989). The relevant research leading to this conclusion, however, has been characterized by artificially constructed tasks with rigidly controlled stimulus properties which may not be representative of many real-world ecologies. The present study examined the effects of one form of cognitive feedback, task information, and outcome feedback in such an in vivo setting, that is, on a task which required subjects to make inferences about the level of rapport present in videotaped real-life social interactions. The two types of feedback were also compared on a second task involving a simplified, quantified, graphical representation of the relevant cues that had been extracted from the video display. Results from the graphically presented displays replicated earlier findings supporting the superiority of cognitive feedback. Results from the video display, however, showed exactly the opposite: outcome feedback here was superior to cognitive feedback in increasing performance accuracy.
Resonant Dynamics and Saturation in a Coupled System With Quadratic Nonlinearities

This work examines the behavior of a three-degree-of-freedom weakly coupled system. The system is composed of two components. The first is a two degree-of-freedom translational system that possesses an internal 2 : 1 resonance between the linear normal modes, which are coupled through quadratic nonlinearities. Under external forcing this component exhibits the saturation phenomena. The second is a rotational mass with a small imbalance, supported by the translational component. The angular speed of the rotor is not fixed, rather, the rotor is subject to a small torque and therefore its angular velocity slowly varies in time. A dynamic resonance occurs when the angular velocity of the rotor evolves to a neighborhood of one of the frequencies of the linear normal modes. Each of these resonances has been independently investigated previously in the literature. This work uncovers how the behavior of the dynamic resonance is modified by the mode coupling introduced by the 2 : 1 internal resonance and describes how the amplitudes of the linear normal modes are dependent on the properties of the dynamic resonance.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Quantity and location of aortic valve complex calcification predicts severity and location of paravalvular regurgitation and frequency of post-dilation after balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to determine the impact of quantity and location of aortic valve calcification (AVC) on paravalvular regurgitation (PVR) and rates of post-dilation (PD) immediately after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Background The impact of AVC in different locations within the aortic valve complex is incompletely understood. Methods This study analyzed 150 patients with severe, symptomatic aortic stenosis who underwent TAVR. Total AVC volume scores were calculated from contrast-enhanced multidetector row computed tomography imaging. AVC was divided by leaflet sector and region (Leaflet, Annulus, left ventricular outflow tract [LVOT]), and a combination of LVOT and Annulus (AnnulusLVOT). Asymmetry was assessed. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis was performed with greater than or equal to mild PVR and PD as classification variables. Logistic regression was performed. Results Quantity of and asymmetry of AVC for all regions of the aortic valve complex predicted greater than or equal to mild PVR by receiver-operating characteristic analysis (area under the curve = 0.635 to 0.689), except Leaflet asymmetry. Receiver-operating characteristic analysis for PD was significant for quantity and asymmetry of AVC in all regions, with higher area under the curve values than for PVR (area under the curve = 0.648 to 0.741). On multivariable analysis, Leaflet and AnnulusLVOT calcification were independent predictors of both PVR and PD regardless of multidetector row computed tomography area cover index. Conclusions Quantity and asymmetry of AVC in all regions of the aortic valve complex predict greater than or equal to mild PVR and performance of PD, with the exception of Leaflet asymmetry. Quantity of AnnulusLVOT and Leaflet calcification independently predict PVR and PD when taking into account multidetector row computed tomography area cover index.
Delayed Nidation in the Rat Induced by Progesterone.

SummaryNidation of embryos was delayed from 1 to 45 days in rats ovariectomized on the 3rd day after mating, by subcutaneous injection of 4 mg of progesterone per day. Implantation was delayed until such time as 1 μg of estrone per day was given in addition to the progesterone. Recovery of blastocysts from one horn of the uterus during progesterone treatment and subsequent implantation of the embryos in the other horn induced by the progesterone-estrogen indicates that the embryos are maintained in the uterus in a viable, but resting condition during progesterone treatment. If rats were ovariectomized on the 3rd day and untreated for 8 days, nidation of embryos was not observed when progesterone and estrogen was initiated on the 9th day and given for the next 5 to 12 days. Rats ovariectomized on the 4th day after mating were variable in their response to 4 mg of progesterone, some exhibited delay others implanted at the normal time. Delayed nidation up to at least 3 days was obtained in hypophysectomized ...
Phreatophyte control on irrigation projects in New Mexico

The problem of increased growths of non-beneficial phreatophytes on operating irrigation projects in New Mexico and the relationship with the water supply available is shown to be one of increasing concern. The methods employed and the results of eradication programs are shown, indicating that additional experimentation and treatments must be performed prior to complete elimination of the phreatophytic growths.
Quantitation and Partial Characterization of Nonsuppressible Insulin-like Activity in Serum and Tissue Extracts of the Rat1

Nonsuppressible insulin-like activity (NSILA), as measured in the presence of insulin specific antiserum (GPAS) in the isolated fat cell and rat hemidiaphragm bio-assays, was demonstrated in the serum and in acid-ethanol extracts of tissues of the male Wistar rat. By this technique, no clear single organ site of synthesis or storage of this material was discerned. When rat serum was chromatographed on Dowex 50 × 8 resin and subjected to zone electrophoresis on a Pevikon block, its behavior was identical with that of human serum. Further studies were carried out on a single selected tissue extract, liver, employing: Pevikon electrophoresis, Sephadex G-100 gel filtration, biologic activity on muscle and adipose tissue, heating and thiol inactivation. By these criteria, NSILA, extracted from rat liver, has a molecular weight approximating 50,000, migrates in the gamma and beta globulin region on electrophoresis and in all other ways tested is quite analogous in its behavior to human serum NSILA. Isolated rat...
Abstract 5046: What do they do? Patient navigator actions and timely treatment within 30 days of diagnosis in Latinas with breast cancer: The Six Cities Study

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Latinas, primarily due to screening and treatment disparities. Patient navigation has emerged as an effective means to reduce these disparities, although how this is achieved is insufficiently documented. Methods: We analyzed navigator logs of activities conducted on behalf of 42 navigated Latinas diagnosed with breast cancer from July 2008-January 2011. Women were navigated by locally trained navigators who resolved patient-reported barriers using one of 10 specific actions: referral, accompaniment, transportation, telephone support, records assistance, health education, appointment reminders, family support, translation services, or health care system intervention. We calculated the frequency of patient-reported barriers to cancer treatment, their association with navigator actions (correlation), and the association of these actions on time to primary treatment initiation within 30 days of confirmed diagnosis (Chi-squared analysis). Results: Patients reported 323 potential barriers to care between diagnosis and initial treatment. Translation (44.3%), specific or generalized fear (14.9%), and transportation (6.5%) were the most commonly reported barriers. Barriers were resolved utilizing activities defined above as determined by navigators; some barriers were resolved with as few as one action. Correspondence (correlation) between reported barriers and navigator actions was high (r=0.985 to r=1.000). Five navigator actions were associated with earlier treatment relative to navigated women not utilizing these specific services (accompaniment: p=.006; transportation: p=.007; telephone support: p=.034; family support: p=.030; translation services: p=.004). Conclusions: Specific patient navigation activities significantly increase the proportion of Latinas with breast cancer women who begin treatment within 30 days of diagnosis. It likely results in reduction of mortality in this group. Citation Format: Amelie G. Ramirez, Eliseo J. Perez-Stable, Gregory A. Talavera, Frank Penedo, Emilio J. Carrillo, Maria E. Fernandez, Alan E. Holden, Edgar Munoz, Kipling J. Gallion. What do they do? Patient navigator actions and timely treatment within 30 days of diagnosis in Latinas with breast cancer: The Six Cities Study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 5046. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-5046
Predicting discomfort glare from outdoor lighting installations

This article reports on a series of experiments that was performed to assess discomfort glare arising from outdoor lighting installations. The experiments were conducted to assess the relative impacts of light source photometric characteristics on subjective ratings of discomfort glare. Factors considered include light source illuminance, surround illuminance, and ambient illuminance. The authors found that the results converge, demonstrating the influence of all three factors on the subjective judgement of discomfort glare. The authors propose a simple model relating these photometric quantities. The model can be used for making predictions of discomfort glare from outdoor lighting installations and can also be readily incorporated into existing frameworks for evaluating light pollution as well as into lighting calculation software.
Childhood sexual abuse and dating experiences of undergraduate women

Child sexual abuse is a prevalent social problem with a variety of negative consequences for adult survivors. Whereas most studies have focused on intrapersonal effects including depressive symptomatology and post-traumatic stress disorder, recent work has begun to call attention to interpersonal results as well. The current study examined the relationship between the experience of childhood sexual abuse and being a victim of psychological aggression, physical violence, or sexual coercion in a dating relationship in the past year. Participants were 219 female college undergraduates. Child sexual abuse was significantly related to having experienced both physical and psychological dating aggression even after controlling for the presence of conflict in the family of origin. Child sexual abuse was not significantly related to sexual coercion or reports of silencing oneself in relationships.
Ex Libris and Exchange: Immigrant Interventions in the German-Jewish Renaissance

In this article I argue that behind the central image of the Ostjude in the Weimar German-Jewish renaissance were twenty years of collaboration and cultural exchange between German Jews and resident Eastern European Jews. I claim that a transnational examination of German-Jewish visual culture reveals the way in which Eastern European Jews helped to fashion their own image in German society. I investigate the bookplate, or ex libris, as a cultural product in the fin-de-siecle, when Jewish iconography rose in popularity. Immigrant Eastern European Jews living in Germany produced and circulated the positive image of the bearded Jew with yarmulke, providing broader German-Jewish society a visual vocabulary for conveying their own idealized selves.
The pattern of distribution of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene in the Amazon molly, Poecilia formosa (Girard), after intraperitoneal injection*

The present paper describes the distribution and accumulation of labelled dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) in the Amazon molly after intraperitoneal injection. The study was made to see whether there was preferential accumulation of the compound in the spieen; the Undings showed that this was not the case. Two hours after injection, DMBA was present throughout the body, except in the brain and the ovary. There was enhanced deposition at four sites, in the macrophages of the atrium of the heart and the peritoneum, the liver and the exocrine pancreas. DMBA was taken up by reticuloendothelial macrophages for 78 h after injection, then it was lost. The accumulation and disappearance of radioactive labet seen in the liver and pancreatic cells probably represented the pattern of metabolism of the compound. By 400 h after injection there was little DMBA remaining. Label accumulated in the ameloblasts, which secrete the enamel capping of the teeth.
Semiclassical perturbation theory of electron-molecule collisions

The theory of the classical or semiclassical S matrix is combined with the use of perturbation dynamics to derive an approximately unitary expression for the scattering matrix for a very general class of potential interactions. The S matrix takes the form of a sum over products of Bessel functions whose orders are related to the changes in quantum numbers occurring in the transition, and whose arguments depend on the dynamical variables of the problem, including the unperturbed quantum numbers. In the general case, these arguments can be expressed as simple integrals over the unperturbed trajectory, and for well-behaved potentials they can be explicitly evaluated in terms of the modified Bessel functions K/sub 0/ and K/sub 1/. The connection between the semiclassical perturbation scattering theory and other approximations, such as the Born and eikonal approximations is demonstrated. The general theory is illustrated by applications to electron- (or ion-) polar-molecule scattering, including quadrupole as well as dipole interactions and including coupling to vibrations in both harmonic and anharmonic approximations. The more complicated interactions involve lengthier products of Bessel functions in the sum-and-product representation, but these are easily and systematically evaluated, and they reduce smoothly to the appropriate simpler expressions when the couplingmore » coefficients of the higher-order terms become small. More complicated potentials, including interactions between polyatomic molecules, can be handled by a simple systematic extension of the same principles. For electron-molecule scattering, these expressions can be used in their present form since the sums are dominated by Bessel functions of comparatively low order which can be evaluated directly; extensions to molecule-molecule scattering and ion-molecule scattering are equally valid formally, but their practical application will often require the use of asymptotic approximations to the Bessel functions.« less
Albert Harry Wheeler (1873–1950): A Case Study in the Stratification of American Mathematical Activity

Abstract Albert Harry Wheeler (1873–1950), a high school mathematics teacher in Worcester, Massachusetts, educated at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute and at Clark University, was fascinated by the challenge of constructing physical models of polyhedra. This interest brought him into contact with a wide variety of users and observers of mathematics, from the most sophisticated to the very naive. A study of the reactions to Wheeler's work sheds light on several significant issues in the history of mathematics in America in the first half of the 20th century, especially the strained relations within the hierarchy of mathematical educators, from school teachers to researchers Albert Harry Wheeler (1873–1950), professeur de mathematiques aux ecoles secondaires de Worcester, Massachusetts, recut son education a Worcester Polytechnic Institute et a Clark University. La construction des modeles materiaux des polyedres le fascina. A cause de cet interet, Wheeler fit la connaissance de diverses personnes—des plus sophistiquees aux tres naives—interessees aux mathematiques. Une etude des reactions de ces gens a Wheeler eclaire quelques aspects importants de l'histoire des mathematiques aux Etats-Unis pendant la premiere moitie du vingtieme siecle, en particulier les relations tendues entre les professeurs mathematiques aux differents niveaux de l'hierarchie educationelle, des professeurs aux ecoles secondaires aux chercheurs universitaires. Albert Harry Wheeler (1873–1950), ein am Worcester Polytechnic Institute und an der Clark University ausgebildeter Oberschullehrer in Worcester, Massachusetts, begeisterte sich an der Konstruktion physikalischer Modelle von Polyedern. Durch diese Interesse kam er in Verbindung mit einer Vielzahl von verschiedenen Anwendern und Beobachtern der Mathematik, von den anspruchvollsten bis zu den allernaivsten. Durch die Untersuchung der Reaktionen auf das Werk Wheelers konnen Einsichten in mehrere wichtige Fragen der Geschichte der Mathematik in Amerika in der ersten Halfte des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts gewonnen werden, insbesondere in die gespannten Verhaltnisse innerhalb der Hierarchie der mathematischen Padagogen, von den Schullehrern bis zu den Forschern.
Thigmomorphogenesis: Ethylene evolution and its role in the changes observed in mechanically perturbed bean plants

Mechanical perturbations, in the form of either rubbing or wounding, cause ethylene evolution from bean internodes (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Cherokee Wax). This evolution begins 45 to 60 min after perturbation or wounding and peaks about 2 h later. Maximal thigmomorphogenesis occurs if internodes are perturbed when they are 10 mm or less in length. Maximal ethylene evolution, however, occurs in longer internodes. When one internode is perturbed, ethylene evolution is not observed from other internodes even though they respond thigmomorphogenetically by exhibiting decreased elongation. Ethylene evolution is apparently a result of increased 1-amino-cyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) production after perturbation. Inhibitors of ACC and ethylene synthesis block increased radial growth but not reduced elongation. Ethylene may therefore be only one of several factors causing thigmomorphogenesis.
Difference gel electrophoresis identifies differentially expressed proteins in endoscopically collected pancreatic fluid.

Alterations in the pancreatic fluid proteome of individuals with chronic pancreatitis may offer insights into the development and progression of the disease. The endoscopic pancreas function test (ePFT) can safely collect large volumes of pancreatic fluid that are potentially amenable to proteomic analyses using difference gel electrophoresis (DiGE) coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Pancreatic fluid was collected endoscopically using the ePFT method following secretin stimulation from three individuals with severe chronic pancreatitis and three chronic abdominal pain controls. The fluid was processed to minimize protein degradation and the protein profiles of each cohort, as determined by DiGE and LC-MS/MS, were compared. This DiGE-LC-MS/MS analysis reveals proteins that are differentially expressed in chronic pancreatitis compared to chronic abdominal pain controls. Proteins with higher abundance in pancreatic fluid from chronic pancreatitis individuals include: actin, desmoplankin, alpha-1-antitrypsin, SNC73, and serotransferrin. Those of relatively lower abundance include carboxypeptidase B, lipase, alpha-1-antichymotrypsin, alpha-2-macroglobulin, Arp2/3 subunit 4, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and protein disulfide isomerase. Endoscopic collection (ePFT) in tandem with DiGE-LC-MS/MS is a suitable approach for pancreatic fluid proteome analysis, however, further optimization of our protocol, as outlined herein, may improve proteome coverage in future analyses.
Economics of low‐flow anaesthesia in children

We have measured the consumption of isoflurane and fresh gas flows in 77 infants and children during 20 all-day operating sessions using either the enclosed Mapleson A or the circle absorber mode of the Carden 'Ventmasta' ventilator. The average consumption (SD) of isoflurane in 37 patients anaesthetised using the A mode of the Carden system with a mean fresh gas flow of 2.61 min-1 was 11.1 (4.2) g.h-1, while that in 40 patients anaesthetised using the circle absorber mode with a mean fresh gas flow of 1.21 min-1 was 4.7 (1.0) g.h-1. These figures represent an overall saving of 58% in the use of isoflurane (p < 0.0001) and a mean reduction in fresh gas flow of 54% (p < 0.0001) as a result of using low-flow anaesthesia. With the addition of small bore breathing hoses the adult circle absorber system was practical to use in both infants and children. These findings should stimulate interest in the use of low-flow techniques in children.
Colloidal Au-Enhanced Surface Plasmon Resonance for Ultrasensitive Detection of DNA Hybridization

A new approach to ultrasensitive detection of DNA hybridization based on nanoparticle-amplified surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is described. Use of the Au nanoparticle tags leads to a greater than 10-fold increase in angle shift, corresponding to a more than 1000-fold improvement in sensitivity for the target oligonucleotide as compared to the unamplified binding event. This enhanced shift in SPR reflectivity is a combined result of greatly increased surface mass, high dielectric constant of Au particles, and electromagnetic coupling between Au nanoparticles and the Au film. DNA melting and digestion experiments further supported the feasibility of this approach in DNA hybridization studies. The extremely large angle shifts observed in particle-amplified SPR make it possible to conduct SPR imaging experiments on DNA arrays. In the present work, macroscopic 4 × 4 arrays were employed, and a ∼10 pM limit of quantitation was achieved for 24-mer oligonucleotides (surface density ≤8 × 108 molecules/cm2). Even...
Vocal tract anatomy and the neural bases of talking

Abstract Being able to talk entails having both a species-specific tongue and neural mechanisms that can acquire and execute the motor acts that generate human speech. Darwinian modification of anatomy initially adapted for swallowing yielded the human tongue and supralaryngeal vocal tract (SVT). These species-specific adaptations extend the range of vowel formant frequencies to include the quantal vowels [i], [u] and [a]. The biological cost is an increased risk of choking. Speech is possible absent these sounds, as is the case for young children, but it is not as robust a means of communication. The tongues and SVTs of human newborn infants cannot produce quantal vowels, contrary to the claims of L-J Boe and his colleagues which are based on their VLAM modeling technique. VLAM modeling distorts newborn tongues and SVTs to conform to those of adult humans. Similar distortions invalidate VLAM modeling of the vocal anatomy of young children and reconstructions of fossil hominins. Although other mammals are able to lower their larynges, their tongues cannot form the shapes necessary to produce quantal vowels. The neural bases by which the complex motor control patterns necessary to produce speech are learned and executed involve cortical–basal ganglia neural circuits similar to those present in other primates. In humans, the FOXP2 transcriptional factor enhanced motor control, associative learning and other aspects of cognition by increasing synaptic plasticity and dendritic connectivity in the basal ganglia and other components of these circuits. Other transcriptional factors that differentiate humans from chimpanzees appear to enhance neuronal transmission. Cortical-to-cortical circuits undoubtedly play a role in human language, much as they do in other aspects of behavior. However, the direct, cortical-to-laryngeal neural circuits that Deacon and Fitch believe account for human speech do not exist. Constraints on neck length in fossil hominins permit new assessments of their SVTs, and an insight on when human neural capacities for speech production evolved. Fully human SVTs are not apparent until 50,000 years ago in the Upper Paleolithic European populations but must have been present much earlier in Africa. The neural capacity for speech motor control also must have present in early human African populations.
Characterization of passive microfluidic mixers fabricated using soft lithography

This work characterizes microfluidic mixers fabricated using soft lithography without grooves or with grooves on the top and/or bottom of the channels. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether grooves on the top and bottom of the channel significantly improve mixing in microfluidic systems. The channels studied were 200 μm wide with repeating sets of alternating patterns of diagonal stripes and chevrons. The study employed confocal microscopy to investigate the mixing of a 0.1 wt% fluorescein solution with a deionized water solution. The results of the study indicate a 10% improvement in mixing over systems with grooves only on the top of the channel.
THE TBSTICULAR HORMONE

That the testes are organs of internal secretion has not been proven beyond controversy. As pointed out by Gley (1), in order to prove that an organ has the power of elaborating and discharging a hormone into the blood stream, it is necessary to obtain the products of that organ’s activity from the venous blood and to demonstrate that these products possess the power or property of producing physiological effects similar to those brought about by the normal functioning of the organ. It must be confessed that practically nothing is known concerning the metabolic processes related to the functioning of the testes. The statements of Kendall (2) concerning the thyroid gland may well be applied to the gonads: “Quantitative studies have been directed to anatomic changes and not to physiological processes. A change in the physiologic function is being interpreted in terms of the end results produced by the change.” However, if changes occur in the bodily structures it is good evidence that functional alterations...