cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predicting Protection: Scope of Justice and the Natural World

Our attitudes and behavior toward the natural world depend on our scope of justice, the psychological boundary within which considerations of fairness and moral rules govern our conduct. Because the natural world is often excluded from the scope of justice, “depletion” resulting from the economic utilization of land, water, air, and animal and plant “resources” is perceived as acceptable and inevitable. To examine the prediction that perceived similarity, utility, and neediness will indirectly affect environmental protection, mediated by the scope of justice, 432 high school students allocated a resource to a beetle and rated attitudes that delineated their scope of justice. Multiple regression mediation analysis indicated that the scope of justice mediated the effect of neediness and one aspect of similarity, perceived intelligence, on environmental protection. Perceived neediness predicted inclusion and protection but, contrary to expectation, intelligence predicted exclusion from the scope of justice and an unprotective environmental stance. A second aspect of similarity, perceived complexity, predicted inclusion in the scope of justice but not environmental protection. Utility had a strong, direct influence on environmental protection. Implications for justice theory and for policy are discussed.
Emotional Action and Communication in Early Moral Development

Emotional action and communication are integral to the development of morality, here conceptualized as our concerns for the well-being of other people and the ability to act on those concerns. Focusing on the second year of life, this article suggests a number of ways in which young children’s emotions and caregivers’ emotional communication contribute to early forms of helping, empathy, and learning about prohibitions. We argue for distinguishing between moral issues and other normative issues also in the study of early moral development, for considering a wider range of emotional phenomena than the “moral emotions” most commonly studied, and for paying more attention to how specific characteristics of early emotional interactions facilitate children’s development of a concern for others.
Transposable Elements and Factors Influencing their Success in Eukaryotes

Recent advances in genome sequencing have led to a vast accumulation of transposable element data. Consideration of the genome sequencing projects in a phylogenetic context reveals that despite the hundreds of eukaryotic genomes that have been sequenced, a strong bias in sampling exists. There is a general under-representation of unicellular eukaryotes and a dearth of genome projects in many branches of the eukaryotic phylogeny. Among sequenced genomes, great variation in genome size exists, however, little difference in the total number of cellular genes is observed. For many eukaryotes, the remaining genomic space is extremely dynamic and predominantly composed of a menagerie of populations of transposable elements. Given the dynamic nature of the genomic niche filled by transposable elements, it is evident that these elements have played an important role in genome evolution. The contribution of transposable elements to genome architecture and to the advent of genetic novelty is likely to be dependent, at least in part, on the transposition mechanism, diversity, number, and rate of turnover of transposable elements in the genome at any given time. The focus of this review is the discussion of some of the forces that act to shape transposable element diversity within and between genomes.
Restaurant Tipping: Free-Riding, Social Acceptance, and Gender Differences1

The practice of paying gratuities for services is a worldwide custom. Tipping is found only in some professions, which suggests that it serves to increase the efficiency of specific kinds of exchanges. The literature accepts the view that monitoring of employees by customers appears to be the logical rationale for the practice of tipping. This can be seen in that gratuities are paid at the discretion of consumers after they receive the services for which they are paying. However, it does not explain why, given the voluntary aspect of tipping, rational people would not free-ride on the tipping of others. We found that both men and women free-ride in their tipping behavior. Yet, we also found that men are more influenced by social acceptance or approval in their tipping behavior than are women. The practice of paying gratuities for services is a worldwide custom that involves many professions. Some suggest that the practice originated in the Middle Ages when journeying feudal lords purchased safe passage by tossing handfuls of coins to beggars on the road (Schein, Jablonski, & Wohlfahrt, 1984). Elsewhere, others claim that tipping grew out of the custom of vails, which required visitors in Tudor, England, to pay their host’s servants for the extra work their visit created (Shamir, 1984). Even the origin of the word tip is not known. Tip may derive from (a) the Latin word stips, meaning gift; (b) the Dutch word tippen, meaning to tap, as in tapping a coin on a table or glass to attract a server’s attention; or (c) the words “To Insure Promptitude,” which were written on collection boxes in 18th-century English coffee shops (Schein et al., 1984).
Relationship between Personality Traits and Fear of Death

Personality traits and reported levels of death fear were compared for 75 individuals. The subjects were undergraduate men and women in psychology who completed the 16 PF and the Death Anxiety Scale. Five personality traits were associated with a high fear of death; however, none were to a degree that would allow the statement that people with a high fear of death are necessarily abnormal. Those with a high fear of death were relatively more easily affected by feelings, less trusting, less self-assured, less socially precise, and more tense than people with a low fear of death.
TIM selection methodology for high power flip chip packages

Flip-chip packages are currently used for various applications such as desktop computers, servers, gaming, telecommunications, etc. Due to tremendous demand of die functionality, the power levels and more importantly the die heat-flux densities are drastically increasing, thus customers are constantly pushing packaging industries to lower thermal impedance of TIM for very high power flip chip packages. To achieve the target, TIM formulation focuses on filler type, size, loading, etc. Typically low modulus gel and grease type TIM are filled with Al 2 O 3 , Ag, Ga, Al, etc filler. Fillers are designed for high-performance, and high power application. The cross-linking properties of gel or grease type TIM should have enough strength so it can comfortably overcome squeeze or pump-out issue during highly accelerated package reliability tests. Package designers typically focus more on the thermal issues for TIM performance evaluation, characterization, and formulation, but there is not much study available [2–9] on TIM degradation in the packages and its actual thermal performance. Costly gel, grease, or solder polymer type materials have very good thermal properties, but during actual package reliability test sometimes they perform poorly due to excessive voids, pump-out, interface delamination, and other degradation issues [1]. This study started to meet more demanding thermal solutions by maintaining comprehensive TIM selection methodology with standard testing processes and materials to quantify future thermal load. While thermal performance is the primary target, mechanical vs thermal performance tradeoffs are investigated through extensive package reliability analysis for high power flip chip packages.
Visual Prediction in Infancy: What is the Association with Later Vocabulary?

Young infants can learn statistical regularities and patterns in sequences of events. Studies have demonstrated a relationship between early sequence learning skills and later development of cognitive and language skills. We investigated the relation between infants’ visual response speed to novel event sequences, and their later receptive and productive vocabulary. Using a modified visual expectancy paradigm (VExP; Haith, Wentworth, & Canfield, 1993), we tested 6-month-old infants’ speed at responding to novel but predictable contingent event sequences. In addition, parental reports and behavioral measures of infants’ vocabulary were obtained at 12, 16, and 22 months. In order to estimate the separate effects of linguistic input on vocabulary, maternal speech from a play session at 12 months was analyzed for lexical diversity and quantity. Results suggest that infants’ speed of responding to novel but predictable events at 6 months robustly predicted both receptive and productive vocabulary at 22 months....
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) gene: identification of ZBP-89, Sp1, and TTF-1 sites in the promoter and regulation by TNF-α in lung epithelial cells

Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1/Nkx2.1/TITF1) is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor essential for the morphogenesis and differentiation of the lung. In the lung, TTF-1 controls the expression of surfactant proteins that are essential for lung stability and lung host defense. In this study, we identified functionally important transcription factor binding sites in the TTF-1 proximal promoter and studied tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) regulation of TTF-1 expression. TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and inhibits surfactant protein levels. Deletion analysis of TTF-1 5′-flanking DNA indicated that the TTF-1 proximal promoter retained high-level activity. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and mutational analysis experiments identified functional ZBP-89, Sp1, Sp3, and TTF-1 sites in the TTF-1 proximal promoter. TNF-α inhibited TTF-1 protein levels in H441 and primary alveolar type II cells. TNF-α inhibited TTF-1 gene transcription and promoter activity, indicating that transcriptional mechanisms play important roles in the inhibition of TTF-1 levels. TNF-α inhibited TTF-1 but not Sp1 or hepatocyte nuclear factor-3 DNA binding to TTF-1 promoter. Transactivation experiments in A549 cells indicated that TNF-α inhibited TTF-1 promoter activation by exogenous Sp1 and TTF-1 without altering their levels, suggesting inhibition of transcriptional activities of these proteins. TNF-α inhibition of TTF-1 expression was associated with increased threonine, but not serine, phosphorylation of Sp1. Because TTF-1 serves as a positive regulator for surfactant protein gene expression, TNF-α inhibition of TTF-1 expression could have important implications for the reduction of surfactant protein levels in diseases such as ARDS.
The kelvin transform

The transformation τ of ℝ2\{0} into itself which is reflection in the unit circle: $$\tau (z) = \frac{1} {{\bar z}}$$ is well-known to have the following properties: (i) τoτ = identity. (ii) If u is harmonic in a region Ω, then u(τ) is harmonic in τ-1(Ω) = τ(Ω). (iii) τ preserves the magnitude of angles, reversing their sign.
Cognitive Effects as Distribution Rescaling

A reanalysis of lexical decision response time distributions from Holden (2002) reveals a self-similar rescaling of response time distributions in the effect of inconsistency in word's pronunciation-to-spelling relationships. Scaling arises in a wide array of neurophysiological and behavioral systems. A general basis for the emergence of these patterns in biological systems remains under debate. However, biological processes that themselves unfold on timescales ranging from fast to slow often express fractal scaling. One possible basis for self-similar fractal distributions arising for cognitive activity is the fundamental mismatch between relative biological time and absolute clock time.
Distinct patterns of gene expression in the left and right hippocampal formation of developing rats.

A central problem in neurobiology is the elucidation of the mechanisms that underlie left–right asymmetries in brain structure and function. Using a transcriptome screening approach, we found asymmetric gene expression patterns in the right when compared with the left hippocampal formation at postnatal days (P) 6, 9, and 60 in the rat. Of those genes that were differentially expressed, most were predominantly expressed in the right hippocampus at P6, whereas most were predominantly expressed in the left at P9 and P60. Real-time PCR analysis of genes associated with synaptic vesicle trafficking confirmed this pattern. At P6, 9 of 13 such genes were more robustly expressed in the right hippocampus, while only 1 gene was predominantly expressed in the left. Conversely, at P9, 5 of the 13 genes were more highly expressed in the left hippocampus and only 1 gene was predominantly expressed in the right. This pattern persisted at P60: eight genes were more robustly expressed in the left hippocampus, and the remaining five showed no hemispheric preference. These data demonstrate a pattern of early lateralized gene expression that is likely to underlie the establishment of functional asymmetry in the adult hippocampus. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
BER performance analysis of OFDM-QAM in phase noise

OFDM systems are gaining recognition for their useful properties in difficult channels. Additionally, continuing advances in both DSP and VLSI have made them quite practical to implement. For asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) applications, the technique is used to provide high-speed data over twisted pair using a 1 MHz bandwidth. Now, however, OFDM is being developed for RF channels, where carrier jitter and synchronization become more significant impairments. This contribution analyzes the BER of QAM systems using the OFDM signaling format, recognizing the important relationship between the rate of the jitter process and the OFDM subchannel band rate.
Lessons From Early Implementation of a Patient-Centered Care Model in Oncology

The participating practices have many structures and processes in common, many of which were established during the pilot's early intervention period. However, there is little standardization in how these processes are established and documented.
The British Moralists on Human Nature and the Birth of Secular Ethics: Shaftesbury's Two Reasons to Be Virtuous: A Philosophical Fault Line

As I've already noted, Shaftesbury's Inquiry concerning Virtue, or Merit first came out, in an unauthorized edition, in 1699. An official edition didn't appear until 1711, when Shaftesbury included the Inquiry in his Characteristics of Men, Manners, Opinions, Times , a three-volume set containing most of his previous writings and a new miscellaneous commentary. The philosophical skeleton of the Inquiry remained unchanged from 1699 to 1711. But Shaftesbury cut some of the most acerbic passages and added a number of points that he had thought through in the intervening years. In this chapter, I examine one of the ideas that first appeared in the 1711 version of the Inquiry . Shaftesbury presents the idea in two different places in the revised Inquiry and in the section of his miscellaneous commentary that explicitly addresses that work. Shaftesbury's attitude toward this new idea is casual, almost offhand. He doesn't mark it as terribly important. But this casualness is either disingenuous or a miscalculation. For the new idea, carried to its logical conclusion, amounts to an abandonment of the prevailing concept of moral objectivity and ushers into British philosophy a radically new conception of morality and human nature. The new idea appears when Shaftesbury is explaining the reason we have to be virtuous. Shaftesbury actually gives two different accounts of our reason to be virtuous, and the new idea emerges in his discussion of how these two accounts relate to each other.
Sociocultural Dynamics: Changing Worlds

At the end of World War II, the ground was fertile for making creativity a focus for psychological research, as well as a powerful social concept, first in the Cold War and then in global culture. That year Max Wertheimer’s Productive Thinking, which included a series of case studies based on Gestalt theory, was published posthumously. Abraham Maslow, inspired by Wertheimer, Kurt Goldstein, Alfred Adler and others, had just published his first piece on human motivation, prominently linking creativity to human actualization. J. P. Guilford left his role as chief of the U.S. Army Psychological Testing Unit, personally convinced that there is no such thing as a general intelligence factor. Five years later he would give the presidential address to the American Psychological Association, calling for the psychological study of creativity. Carl Rogers had developed a new approach to clinical practice at Rochester and accepted an invitation from the University of Chicago to set up a counseling center. Over the next 40 years he would have extraordinary influence on the fields of counseling and therapy and, like Maslow, would link creativity to self-actualization. And a young Howard Gruber, having finished his tour of duty in the army, more convinced than ever about the need to change the world.
Delayed Sequelae of Thoracic Trauma

A high index of suspicion of the presence of post-traumatic residual sequelae usually leads to early diagnosis of these lesions. The type and site of the traumatic impact and the presenting symptoms and signs frequently suggest the type of problem. The use of the appropriate diagnostic tests and the institution of suitable therapy will protect the patients from more serious subsequent complications and frequently will result in the restoration of their health to its preinjury status.
Enhanced Simultaneous Camera Calibration and Path Estimation

This paper addresses two issues related to the simultaneous calibration of a network of imaging sensors and the recovery of the trajectory of a single target moving among them. The non-overlapping fields of view for the cameras do not cover the entire scene, resulting in times for which no measurements are available. A Bayesian framework is imposed on the problem in order to compute the MAP (maximum a posteriori) estimate for both the trajectory of the target and the translation and rotation of each camera within the global scene. First, three model order reduction techniques that decrease the dimension of the search space and the number of terms in the objective function are presented, thereby reducing the computational requirements of the search algorithm used to solve the optimization problem. Next, the problem of finding a solution that is consistent with the set of observation times is addressed, so that the target's estimated state does not fall within the field of view of the sensor network at a time for which no measurement is available. Three techniques that treat the missing measurements as additional inequality or equality constraints within the MAP optimization framework are presented.
SSMC: An on-chip source-synchronous multi-cycle interconnect scheme

In this paper, a low-power source-synchronous multi-cycle interconnect scheme SSMC is proposed. This scheme is scalable and suitable for transferring data across different clock domains such as those in “many-core” SoCs and in 3D-ICs. SSMC replaces intermediate flip-flops by a source synchronous synchronization scheme. The proposed multi-cycle bus scheme also leads to significant energy savings due to eliminating the power hungry flip-flops and efficiently designing the source synchronization overhead. Moreover, eliminating intermediate flip-flops avoids the timing overhead of the setup time, the flip-flop delay and the single-cycle clock jitter. This delay slack can then be translated into further energy savings by downsizing the repeaters. The significant delay jitter due to capacitive coupling has been addressed and solutions are put forward to alleviate it. Circuit simulations in a 65nm process environment; indicate that energy savings up to 20% are achievable for a 6-cycle 9mm long 16-bit bus.
How protest affects opinions of peaceful demonstration and expression rights

Why do some people support peaceful demonstration and expression rights and others do not? This article focuses on individual-level opinions concerning the rights to peaceful demonstration and expr...
Cerebellar Connectivity and Glutamatergic Metabolite Concentration in ASD as Assessed by fcMRI/MRS (P4.045)

Background: Cerebellar pathology is consistently observed in ASD. Atypical cortico-cerebellar functional connectivity has also recently been reported in ASD. Furthermore, several lines of evidence have suggested atypical excitatory-to-inhibitory (E/I) balance in ASD, with an imbalance between glutamate and GABA, observed in brain regions including the cerebellum. We examined the relationship between E/I balance using magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and functional integrity of cerebrocerebellar connections in ASD for language-associated cerebellar regions and their cortical projections. Methods: Twelve adults with ASD and 12 gender, age, and IQ -matched controls participated. Social communication was assessed with the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), maladaptive behaviors with the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC), and language competence with the Test of Language Competence (TLC). MRI was performed at 3T and BOLD sequences were collected at rest. Functional connectivity (FC) analyses were performed with conservative motion correction. Single voxel spectroscopy spin-echo sequences were used to detect glutamate, and J-coupling edited sequences were used to detect GABA. Voxels were localized in each participant in the right postereolateral cerebellar hemisphere junction of crus I&II (RCere) and the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC). Metabolite levels were quantified with LCModel. Results: ASD participants were impaired on the SRS, ABC, and TLC. Within the ASD group, LDLPFC-RCere connectivity was associated with listening comprehension (r=0.588, p=0.027). Furthermore, RCere-LFLPFC FC was significantly associated with RCere E/I, regardless of diagnosis. Conclusions: Significant variability exists in the literature regarding FC and MRS of glutamate and GABA in ASD. Our data suggests connectivity and pharmacopathology may be interrelated. Furthermore, this may relate to behavior, as FC to the portion of the cerebellum most involved with language was related to language comprehension performance. Future studies will need to explore whether these might serve as markers for or predictors of response to pharmacological agents targeting E/I balance in ASD. Disclosure: Dr. Beversdorf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Weber has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hegarty has nothing to disclose.
Effect of hindpaw electrical stimulation on capillary flow heterogeneity and oxygen delivery (Conference Presentation)

We report a novel use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) based angiography to visualize and quantify dynamic response of cerebral capillary flow pattern in mice upon hindpaw electrical stimulation through the measurement of the capillary transit-time heterogeneity (CTH) and capillary mean transit time (MTT) in a wide dynamic range of a great number of vessels in vivo. The OCT system was developed to have a central wavelength of 1310 nm, a spatial resolution of ~8 µm and a system dynamic range of ~105 dB at an imaging rate of 92 kHz. The mapping of dynamic cerebral microcirculations was enabled by optical microangiography protocol. From the imaging results, the spatial homogenization of capillary velocity (decreased CTH) was observed in the region of interest (ROI) corresponding to the stimulation, along with an increase in the MTT in the ROI to maintain sufficient oxygen exchange within the brain tissue during functional activation. We validated the oxygen consumption due to an increase of the MTT through demonstrating an increase in the deoxygenated hemoglobin (HbR) during the stimulation by the use of laser speckle contrast imaging.
Depression Linked to Frequent Emergency Department Use in Large 10-year Retrospective Analysis of an Integrated Health Care System

We evaluated general patient features related to depression and frequency of Emergency Department (ED) use in a large integrated health care system. Electronic Health Records of 287,281 adults from a general patient population were studied retrospectively over a 10-year period. Patients with a history of depression were more likely to be seen in the ED and at higher frequency than those without. Frequent ED users were more likely to have a history of depression or psychiatric medication orders than infrequent users. ED visits by depression patients and frequent users have highly correlated complaints and discharge diagnoses with other ED users, often related to pain. Poorly managed depression may be playing a role in frequent ED utilization which may be addressed by universal screening for depression, evaluation of barriers to treatment, and other novel interventions to improve care coordination.
Impact of body condition on influenza A virus infection dynamics in mallards following a secondary exposure

Migratory waterfowl are often viewed as vehicles for the global spread of influenza A viruses (IAVs), with mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) implicated as particularly important reservoir hosts. The physical demands and energetic costs of migration have been shown to influence birds' body condition; poorer body condition may suppress immune function and affect the course of IAV infection. Our study evaluated the impact of body condition on immune function and viral shedding dynamics in mallards naturally exposed to an H9 IAV, and then secondarily exposed to an H4N6 IAV. Mallards were divided into three treatment groups of 10 birds per group, with each bird's body condition manipulated as a function of body weight by restricting food availability to achieve either a -10%, -20%, or control body weight class. We found that mallards exhibit moderate heterosubtypic immunity against an H4N6 IAV infection after an infection from an H9 IAV, and that body condition did not have an impact on shedding dynamics in response to a secondary exposure. Furthermore, body condition did not affect aspects of the innate and adaptive immune system, including the acute phase protein haptoglobin, heterophil/lymphocyte ratios, and antibody production. Contrary to recently proposed hypotheses and some experimental evidence, our data do not support relationships between body condition, infection and immunocompetence following a second exposure to IAV in mallards. Consequently, while annual migration may be a driver in the maintenance and spread of IAVs, the energetic demands of migration may not affect susceptibility in mallards.
Dopamine systems in human immunodeficiency virus-associated dementia.

Objective: To provide an update of the neurobiologic basis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated dementia (HAD), with emphasis on the relationship between dopamine (DA) system dysfunction and behavioral manifestations. Background: HIV has a propensity to invade subcortical central nervous system areas, particularly the basal ganglia. Indeed, the core symptoms of HAD are similar to those seen in patients with frontal-striatal dysfunction, the subcortical dementias (e.g., Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, progressive supranuclear palsy). Findings: Damage to DA neurons appears to occur in early stages of the disease. Patients with HIV have decreased levels of cerebrospinal fluid DA, and patients with HAD have a reduction of the DA metabolite homovanillic acid but a relative preservation of other neurotransmitters, suggesting a loss of DA neurons. Neuropathologic examinations have shown neuronal loss of the globus pallidus, which is less severe in the neocortex. Furthermore, extrapyramidal signs and marked hypersensitivity to DA antagonists (e.g., neuroleptics) have a propensity to develop in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Conclusions: Neurobiologic investigations suggest that DA system dysfunction plays a critical role in the clinical manifestation of HIV infection, especially HAD. The causes of the vulnerability of this system to the infection are unknown. Understanding this mechanism is important to develop neuroprotective agents in the treatment of HAD and to design new therapies for HAD-related psychiatric symptoms.
Prostate Cancer Risk: Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)

Family history is a strong risk factor for prostate cancer. Over the last decade, advances in genomic technology have enabled genome-wide association studies in which numerous common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the genome associated with the risk of developing prostate cancer have been found. These risk-associated variants tend to occur in intergenic or intronic regions and do not alter the protein-coding sequence of genes. Instead, they are thought to be largely regulatory in nature, altering transcriptional control. While functional studies of particular risk loci can identify important genes in the etiology of prostate cancer, such studies are time-consuming. More immediate translational utility from these findings may come in the form of risk prediction models, either instead of or in addition to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening, though such work is in the early stages.
Guidelines for Feature Matching Assessment of Brain-Computer Interfaces for Augmentative and Alternative Communication.

Purpose Brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) can provide access to augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) devices using neurological activity alone without voluntary movements. As with tradit...
Not a laughing matter: Sexual harassment as "material" on workplace-based situation comedies

In her book Sexual Harassment of Working Women Catherine MacKinnon (1979) suggested that “Trivialization of sexual harassment has been a major means through which its invisibility has been enforced. Humor, which may reflect unconscious hostility, has been a major form of that trivialization” (p. 52). In other words, making jokes at women's expense and treating sexual harassment as not serious have contributed to its persistence. Situation comedies can be seen as gauges for what is considered humorous in American culture. To explore the tone of and mood toward sexual harassment in contemporary American society, themes and content of “humorous” material on 56 episodes of five workplace-based situation comedies were examined. Results showed that although sexual harassment is rarely discussed on situation comedies, gender harassment is frequently used as “material,” which leads to further trivialization of a serious social problem.
Guilt, shame, and apologizing behavior: A laboratory study

Abstract Studies show that people's proclivity to apologize is positively associated with dispositional guilt and negatively associated with dispositional shame, but apologizing in those studies was assessed via self-report. The current study therefore developed a means of systematically coding participants' apologizing behavior in a laboratory-based situation that provided participants with an opportunity to actually apologize (or not). Specifically, after completing measures of dispositional guilt and shame, undergraduates were deceived into thinking that they were late to the study; two observers then coded the extensiveness of the participants' apologizing behaviors. Apologizing behavior was significantly positively correlated with dispositional measures of both Guilt-Repair and Guilt-Negative-Behavior-Evaluation, was marginally positively correlated with Shame-Negative-Self-Evaluation, and was unrelated to Shame-Withdraw. These findings provide further support to theories which propose that guilt motivates apology, but raise questions about the role of shame in apologizing behavior.
Swimming the Multiple Currents: The Political and Racial Time of Barack Obama’s Presidency

Kimberley Johnson uses the concepts of political and racial time to scrutinize Obama’s presidency. Obama’s presidency is evaluated using Stephen Skowronek’s model of political time. While Obama was initially hailed as a reconstructive president, an overview of his policy success and failures reveals that he was forced to govern as a preemptive president. Obama’s preemptive presidency was also shaped by racial time. His neoliberal race relations approach was met with resistance, within his own coalition and later by the emergence of the Black Lives Matter movement as well as by the rise of right-wing white populism. The latter re-animated the Republican Party which in turn acted as a hard check on Obama’s policy goals. Johnson argues that the Obama presidency was unique not only because he was the first black president, but also because his presidency inhabited both political and racial time.
Draft Genome Sequences for Dual-Toxin-Producing Clostridium botulinum Strains.

ABSTRACT Here, we present draft genome sequences for three Clostridium botulinum strains that produce multiple botulinum toxin serotypes. Strains that produce two toxins are rare; however, one of these strains produces subtype B5 and F2 toxins, and two of the strains produce subtype A4 and B5 toxins.
Experimental evidence that a patient’s tattoo increases their assigned health care cost liability.

Despite the growing popularity of tattoos, research suggests that individuals with tattoos are stigmatized in the United States. However, minimal research has examined potential disparities faced by tattooed individuals in the health care domain. Two studies examined perceivers’ illness responsibili
Feature Selection for Mutlti-labeled Variables via Dependency Maximization

Feature selection and reducing the dimensionality of data is an essential step in data analysis. In this work we propose a new criterion for feature selection that is formulated as conditional information between features given the labeled variable. Instead of using the standard mutual information measure based on Kullback-Leibler divergence, we use our proposed criterion to filter out redundant features for the purpose of multiclass classification. This approach results in an efficient and fast non-parametric implementation of feature selection as it can be directly estimated using a geometric measure of dependency, the global Friedman-Rafsky (ΓR) multivariate run test statistic constructed by a global minimal spanning tree (MST). We demonstrate the advantages of our proposed feature selection approach through simulation. In addition the proposed feature selection method is applied to the MNIST data set.
Solving LWE problem with bounded errors in polynomial time.

In this paper, we present a new algorithm, such that, for the learning with errors (LWE) problems, if the errors are bounded – the errors do not span the whole prime finite field Fq but a fixed known subset of size D (D < q), which we call the learning with bounded errors (LWBE) problems, we can solve it with complexity O(n).
Pre-treatment serum bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control after stereotactic body radiation therapy in patients with localized non-small cell lung cancer.

Abstract Background Tumor aggressiveness and hypoxia are linked to acidosis in the tumor microenvironment (TME). We hypothesized that low pre-treatment serum bicarbonate, potentially correlating with an acidic and hypoxic TME, predicts for poor outcomes after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods We included patients with localized NSCLC treated to a biologically effective dose (BED) ≥ 100 Gy, with available pre-treatment bicarbonate values within 3 months of treatment. We used receiver operating characteristic analysis to determine the bicarbonate concentration optimally predicting for primary tumor recurrence, and evaluated its association with recurrence and survival. We validated our findings in an independent cohort of patients from three collaborating institutions. Results A total of 110 patients and 114 tumors were included in the training cohort, with median follow-up of 15.0 months. Bicarbonate Conclusions Pre-treatment bicarbonate predicts for primary tumor control in NSCLC treated with SBRT and may be useful for risk stratification. These findings should be confirmed prospectively.
TCT-734 Transcatheter Compared to Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients With Low Surgical Risk: A Meta-Analysis of All Randomized Controlled Trials

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) for the treatment symptomatic severe aortic stenosis (AS) is indicated in patients with intermediate or higher surgical risk. The latest trials have shown that TAVR and surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) perform similarly at 1 year for the
Chapter 15 Comes of Age

In 2005, Chapter 15 of the US Bankruptcy Code strode onto the stage after years in the Green Room, an exotic newcomer with strange foreign tales to tell. It remained that way for several years, as litigants and judges worked through understanding its underpinnings and its unexpected consequences.
Oscillating steady-state imaging (OSSI): A novel method for functional MRI.

Purpose Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is crucial for high-resolution fMRI; however, current methods for SNR improvement are limited. A new approach, called oscillating steady-state imaging (OSSI), produces a signal that is large and T 2 ∗ -weighted, and is demonstrated to produce improved SNR compared to gradient echo (GRE) imaging with matched effective TE and spatial-temporal acquisition characteristics for high-resolution fMRI. Methods Quadratic phase sequences were combined with balanced gradients to produce a large, oscillating steady-state signal. The quadratic phase progression was periodic over short intervals such as 10 TRs, inducing a frequency-dependent phase dispersal. Images over one period were combined to produce a single image with effectively T 2 ∗ -weighting. The OSSI parameters were explored through simulation and phantom data, and 2D and 3D human fMRI data were collected using OSSI and GRE imaging. Results Phantom and human OSSI data showed highly reproducible signal oscillations with greater signal strength than GRE. Compared to single slice GRE with matched effective TE and spatial-temporal resolution, OSSI yielded more activation in the visual cortex by a factor of 1.84 and an improvement in temporal SNR by a factor of 1.83. Voxelwise percentage change comparisons between OSSI and GRE demonstrate a similar T 2 ∗ -weighted contrast mechanism with additional T 2 ' -weighting of about 15 ms immediately after the RF pulse. Conclusions OSSI is a new acquisition method that exploits a large, oscillating signal that is T 2 ∗ -weighted and suitable for fMRI. The steady-state signal from balanced gradients creates higher signal strength than single slice GRE at varying TEs, enabling greater volumes of functional activity and higher SNR for high-resolution fMRI.
The Future of IT Operational Technology Supply Chains

Most data breaches originate in the supply chain. This article seeks to identify policy, technology, and business environment changes that are shaping how organizations will source, buy, build, deliver, dispose of, and ultimately protect IT/operational technology goods and services in the next decade.
Sex Differences in the Regulation of Vasopressin and Oxytocin Secretion in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats.

INTRODUCTION Hyponatremia due to elevated arginine vasopressin (AVP) secretion increases mortality in liver failure patients. No previous studies have addressed sex differences in hyponatremia in liver failure animal models. OBJECTIVE This study addressed this gap in our understanding of the potential sex differences in hyponatremia associated with increased AVP secretion. METHODS This study tested the role of sex in the development of hyponatremia using adult male, female, and ovariectomized (OVX) female bile duct-ligated (BDL) rats. RESULTS All BDL rats had significantly increased liver to body weight ratios compared to sham controls. Male BDL rats had hyponatremia with significant increases in plasma copeptin and FosB expression in supraoptic AVP neurons compared to male shams (all p < 0.05; 5-7). Female BDL rats did not become hyponatremic or demonstrate increased supraoptic AVP neuron activation and copeptin secretion compared to female shams. Plasma oxytocin was significantly higher in female BDL rats compared to female sham (p < 0.05; 6-10). This increase was not observed in male BDL rats. Ovariectomy significantly decreased plasma estradiol in sham rats compared to intact female sham (p < 0.05; 6-10). However, circulating estradiol was significantly elevated in OVX BDL rats compared to the OVX and female shams (p < 0.05; 6-10). Adrenal estradiol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) were measured to identify a possible source of circulating estradiol in OVX BDL rats. The OVX BDL rats had significantly increased adrenal estradiol along with significantly decreased adrenal testosterone and DHEA compared to OVX shams (all p < 0.05; 6-7). Plasma osmolality, hematocrit, copeptin, and AVP neuron activation were not significantly different between OVX BDL and OVX shams. Plasma oxytocin was significantly higher in OVX BDL rats compared to OVX sham. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that unlike male BDL rats, female and OVX BDL rats did not develop hyponatremia, supraoptic AVP neuron activation, or increased copeptin secretion compared to female shams. Adrenal estradiol might have compensated for the lack of ovarian estrogens in OVX BDL rats.
Pediatric Rib Fractures Identified by Chest Radiograph: A Comparison Between Accidental and Nonaccidental Trauma.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of rib fractures (RFs) identified by chest x-ray (CXR) among children younger than 2 years who sustained accidental versus nonaccidental injuries. It is hypothesized that RFs are uncommon among all accidental pediatric trauma mechanisms (eg, falls, motor vehicle crashes) as compared with the prevalence of RFs in the setting of nonaccidental trauma (NAT). METHODS A retrospective chart review of sequential CXRs of children younger than 2 years evaluated at a pediatric level 1 trauma center for accidental trauma and possible NAT was conducted from January 1, 2011, to October 31, 2016. Data collected included demographics, CXR indication and findings, history of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, trauma mechanism, associated injuries, final diagnoses, and outcomes. RESULTS Two (<1%) of 226 CXRs obtained to evaluate accidental trauma demonstrated acute RFs. Ten (19.6%) of 51 CXRs obtained in the setting of concern for NAT revealed RFs (9/10 identified only healing RFs and 1/10 identified acute RFs). Among patients with a final diagnosis of NAT (ie, not neglect, accidental trauma, etc; n = 38), the overall prevalence increased to 26.3%. CONCLUSIONS The presence of RFs in pediatric accidental trauma is uncommon even in the setting of high-force mechanisms, and when identified, these RFs are acute. Comparatively, the overall prevalence of RFs identified on CXR among cases with a final diagnosis of NAT was much higher and almost exclusively healing RFs. These data provide support that identification of RFs is highly concerning for NAT even if an accidental mechanism is provided. When RFs are identified, a full NAT work-up should be considered.
Integrating One Health into Professional Preparation Education for Public Health and Health Education Specialists.

Background: One Health refers to the dynamic interdependence of human, animal and environmental health and provides a unique lens through which to examine health problems. Purpose: The purposes of ...
Image-Guided Percutaneous Thermal Ablation of Oligometastatic Ovarian and Non-Ovarian Gynecologic Tumors.

Abstract Purpose To assess the safety, feasibility, and efficacy of percutaneous thermal ablation (TA) in the treatment of metastatic gynecologic (GYN) tumors. Materials and Methods A study cohort of 42 consecutive women (mean age, 59. years; range, 25–78 years) with metastatic GYN tumors (119 metastatic tumors) treated with radiofrequency (n = 47 tumors), microwave (n = 47 tumors), or cryogenic (n = 30 tumors) ablation from over 2,800 ablations performed from January 2001 to January 2019 was identified. The primary GYN neoplasms consisted of ovarian (27 patients; 77 tumors; mean tumor diameter [MTD], 2.50 cm), uterine (7 patients; 26 tumors; MTD, 1.89 cm), endometrial (5 patients; 10 tumors; MTD, 2.8 cm), vaginal (2 patients; 5 tumors; MTD, 2.40 cm), and cervical (1 patient; 1 tumor; MTD, 1.90 cm) cancers. In order of descending frequency, metastatic tumors treated by TA were located in the liver or liver capsule (74%), lungs (13%), and peritoneal implants (9%). Single tumors were also treated in the kidneys, rectus muscle, perirectal soft tissue (2.5%), and retroperitoneal lymph nodes (1.6%). All efficacy parameters of TA and definitions of major and minor adverse events are categorized by the latest Society of Interventional Radiology reporting standards. Results The median follow-up of treated patients was 10 months. After the initial ablation, 95.6% of the patients achieved a complete tumor response confirmed by contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography. On surveillance imaging, 8.5% of the ablated tumors developed local progression over a median follow-up period of 4.1 months. Five of 8 tumors with local recurrence underwent repeated treatment over a mean follow-up period of 18 months, and 4 of 5 tumors achieved complete eradication after 1 additional treatment session that resulted in a secondary efficacy of 80%. The overall technique efficacy of TA was 96.2% over a median follow-up period of 10 months. Conclusions TA was safe and effective for the local control of metastatic GYN tumors in the lungs, abdomen, and pelvis, with an overall survival rate of 37.5 months and a local progression-free survival rate of 16.5 months, with only 4.8% of treated patients experiencing a major adverse event.
‘…but if you tell anyone, I’ll deny we ever met:’ the experiences of academics with invisible disabilities in the neoliberal university

In the contemporary academy, scholars are expected to deliver highly measurable outcomes in order to build positive reputations for themselves and their institutions. The disclosure of any form of ...
Novel Method of CPAP Delivery in Neonates With Apnea of Prematurity Using NIV NAVA

Background: Premature neonates often fail nasal CPAP due to prematurity of apnea (AOP). When the neonate is apneic, CPAP provides inadequate additional support and neonates decompensate clinically. Current CPAP modalities do not allow backup ventilation that occurs only with the apneic event. Neurally-adjusted ventilatory assist (NAVA) provides support in proportion to the electrical activity of the diaphragm (EAdi). The NAVA level converts the EAdi into a proportional pressure that varies breath to breath. When there is no EAdi for a set amount of time the ventilator goes into pressure control (backup) ventilation at a preset rate providing support until spontaneous respiration resumes. Methods: Retrospective single center study of neonates having clinically significant events (CSE) due to AOP while on CPAP. At the discretion of the treating physician, they were placed on noninvasive NAVA with NAVA level of 0 cm H2O/ mcV (NIV NAVA 0) and PEEP equal to the previous CPAP level. A pressure of 0 above PEEP (= CPAP) was delivered during spontaneous breathing and backup ventilation was provided when the infant became apneic for longer than a preset time until the infant resumed breathing. Demographics and number of CSE on 24 h of CPAP followed by 24 h on NIV NAVA 0 were collected. Statistics were paired t-test. IRB approval was obtained. Results: 16 neonates qualified for the study. All were on CPAP, had AOP and were on Caffeine. Birth weight was 882+164 g, gestational age was 26+1.7 weeks, weight at study was 917+224 g and age at study was 20+12 d. CSE decreased from 17.9+7.8 on CPAP to 10.6+8.1 events on NIV NAVA 0 (P= 0.0008). Conclusions: NIV NAVA 0 reduced the number of CSE compares to CPAP in premature neonates with apnea. This may decrease the need for intubation in neonates failing CPAP due to malignant apnea.