cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multidimensional examination of a creativity‐based opportunity recognition model

Purpose – This paper seeks to detail an exploratory examination of a multidimensional, creativity‐based theoretical model of opportunity recognition originally proposed by Hills et al. and later refined by Lumpkin et al., but never empirically tested. The paper also aims to examine the relationship between individual dimensions of the model and creativity.Design/methodology/approach – Analyses were conducted using AMOS software on a sample of 145 entrepreneurs. One structural equation model (SEM) and three confirmatory factor analysis models were tested.Findings – The five‐dimensional model – consisting of preparation, incubation, insight, evaluation, and elaboration – was determined to be the best fitting model. The SEM model also indicated that incubation and elaboration were significantly related to creativity. Overall, a multidimensional, creativity‐based approach to modeling opportunity recognition is supported by this study.Research limitations/implications – Cross‐sectional data do not allow for te...
Wide bandgap semiconductor RF power devices

AlGaN HFET's have achieved the highest f/sub max/ 97 GHz. 4H-SiC MESFET's have achieved the highest power densities, 3.3 W/mm at 850 MHz (CW) and at 10 GHz (pulsed). On the other hand, 4H-SiC SIT's have achieved the highest output power, 450 W (pulsed) at 600 MHz and 38 W (pulsed) at 3 GHz. Moreover a one kilowatt, 600 MHz SiC power module containing four SIT's with a total source periphery of 94.5 cm has been demonstrated.
Uptake and Storage of 3H-Norepinephrine in the Cerebral Hemispheres and Cerebellum of Chicks during Embryonic Development and Early Posthatching

Intercommunication between neurons involves neurotransmitter substances which: (a) are synthesized and stored in the presynaptic neuron, (b) are released by the arrival of the impulse; and (c) act on the postsynaptic neurons. The molecular events occurring presynaptically, at the synaptic cleft, or on the postsynaptic membrane are among the most intensively studied subjects in neurobiology. Whereas considerable knowledge exists about the adult CNS, information concerning the differentiation of neurotransmisstion mechanisms during development has only recently begun to accumulate.
Absorbing boundary conditions for arbitrary outer boundary

The authors propose an absorbing boundary condition that can be applied to an outer boundary of arbitrary shape, even one that is conformal to the geometry of the scatterer. In order to investigate the application of the new boundary condition, several strip and wedge type geometries were considered, both for TE and TM incidence. >
Three-dimensional echocardiography in the assessment of cardiac tumors: the added value of the extra dimension.

Introduction Echocardiography is the most frequently used imaging modality in the assessment of cardiac tumors. Historically, this evaluation had been based on the analysis of 2-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic sectors of the heart. The information obtained from orthogonal tomographic planes from several acoustic windows was used in an attempt to mentally reconstruct a model of how the tumor would actually look in 3 dimensions and how it would relate to its adjacent structures. New technology using matrix-array-transducers has permitted the development of real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE), bringing cardiac imaging to a new dimension. Now it is possible to capture and analyze the entire volume of a cardiac tumor in a single cardiac cycle. This new imaging modality provides valuable clinical information that empowers echocardiographers with new levels of confidence in the diagnosis of heart disease.1 This manuscript discusses the added value of this new technology in the echocardiographic assessment of cardiac tumors.
A magnetically-guarded electrostatic probe

It is shown that a magnetically guarded hairpin can support a Langmuir probe electrode with reduced disturbance of the plasma and less thermal damage to the probe. >
Reducing Test Bias Through Dynamic Assessment of Children's Word Learning Ability

This study examined the performance of preschool children from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds, both typically developing and with low language ability, on a word-learning task. A...
Corporatism, Pluralism, and Professional Memory

Organizing interests in Western Europe is part of the third wave of interest group studies to appear since the development of professional political science at the turn of the century. The first wave was mainly an American phenomenon; the second an effort to export interest group studies to Europe and elsewhere as part of a movement intended to encourage greater realism and less ideologism in European and comparative political studies. The Organizing Interests team has produced a useful book focused in substantial part on the theme of neocorporatism. The authors have not connected their work with the substantial body of earlier interest group research.
The presence and characterization of Force Depression in the Drosophila jump muscle

Force Depression (FD) describes the decrease in steady-state force production after active shortening in skeletal muscle. Despite being well characterized in skeletal muscle, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. The Drosophila jump muscle, tergal depressor of the trochanter (TDT), has recently been demonstrated to be mechanically similar to mammalian skeletal muscle, and due to the genetic simplicity of the organism, the TDT proves to be an excellent model to study FD. This investigation aimed to demonstrate both the presence of FD in the TDT, and that the phenomenon presented characteristically similar to skeletal muscle. In order to achieve this, wild-type Drosophila TDTs (n=10) were examined for FD in response to shortening amplitude (5, 10, 20% ML) and rate (4, 20, 200% ML/s). Results indicate that similar to mammalian skeletal muscle, TDTs exhibited an increase in the amount of FD with increasing amplitudes and decreasing rates of shortening.
Preconception predictors of weight gain during pregnancy: prospective findings from the Central Pennsylvania Women's Health Study.

Objectives. We examined preconception (prepregnancy) predictors of pregnancy weight gain and weight gain that exceeds the 2009 Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), in a prospective study. Methods. Data are from a population-based cohort study of 1,420 women who were interviewed at baseline and 2 years later. The analytic sample includes 103 women who were not pregnant at baseline and gave birth to full-term singletons during the follow-up period. Preconception maternal weight category as well as health behaviors, psychosocial stress, parity, and age were examined as predictors of pregnancy weight gain and of weight gain in excess of the IOM recommendations using multiple linear and logistic regression analysis. Results. Pregnancy weight gain averaged 33.01 pounds, with 51% of women gaining weight in excess of the 2009 IOM recommendations for their preconception weight category. Preconception overweight (BMI ¼ 25–29.9) increased the odds of excessive pregnancy weight gain nearly threefold, whereas preconception physical activity levels meeting activity guidelines reduced the odds of excessive weight gain but was marginally statistically significant. Conclusion. Although future research examining the role of physical activity in relation to pregnancy weight gain is needed, preconception overweight and physical activity levels are prime targets for interventions to avoid excessive pregnancy weight gain.
Science Signaling Podcast for 22 March 2016: Preventing heart failure with GRK2

Abstract This Podcast features an interview with Sarah Schumacher and Walter Koch, authors of a Research Article that appears in the 22 March 2016 issue of Science Signaling , about a peptide that can inhibit pathological cardiac hypertrophy in mice. Untreated or poorly controlled high blood pressure can cause the walls of the heart to thicken, a condition known as cardiac hypertrophy, which can lead to heart failure. Signaling from G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) through the G protein Gα q promotes cardiac hypertrophy. GPCR kinase 2 (GRK2) inhibits Gα q in cultured cells, and the abundance of GRK2 is increased in hypertrophic hearts, suggesting that GRK2 may contribute to heart failure. Schumacher et al . found that expressing a peptide corresponding to the domain of GRK2 that binds to and inhibits Gα q can reduce cardiac hypertrophy in response to pressure overload in mice. Listen to Podcast
Influence of the ortho effect in the solvolyses of dichlorobenzoyl chlorides

The ortho-effect of substituents upon the kinetics of reactions taking place at a reaction center attached to an aromatic ring has long been a topic of interest. For benzoyl chloride solvolyses, it was shown by Bentley and coworkers that the 2,6-dimethyl-derivative followed an ionization pathway with characteristics very similar to those for the solvolyses of p-methoxybenzoyl chloride. We have carried out a Grunwald–Winstein equation treatment of the solvolyses of 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl chloride, with similar sized chlorines replacing the methyl groups but now with an overall electron-withdrawing influence of the ortho-substituents. In this way the reactivity is moderated and the study can be extended to the important fluoroalcohol-containing solvents. For the 30 solvents studied, an ionization pathway with a moderate nucleophilic solvation component is indicated. For comparison purposes, the treatment has also been applied to the 2,4-, 3,4-, and 3,5-dichloro- derivatives. For the 2,4-dichloro-derivative, the two reaction channels are clearly visible and the solvents included for each channel are consistent with their solvent properties. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
5f Electronic Structure and Fermiology of Pu Materials

We examine the electronic structure of d-Pu, PuCoGa5, and PuO2 using high resolution as well as angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. The fermiology of the strongly correlated metals d-Pu and PuCoGa5 is investigated by determining the primary quasiparticle peak position with respect to the Fermi energy as well as the crystal momentum dependence of this peak for PuCoGa5. For the Mott insulator PuO2, the photoemission results are compared against the hybrid functional calculations and the prediction of significant covalency, is found to be reasonable.
Induction of labor: its past, its present and its place.

Today induction of labor is a common procedure. At the University of Pennsylvania Hospital from 1950 to 1965, obstetricians electively induced labor in 5,034 of 37,380 deliveries. Ninety-six percent of the women delivered before 10 hours. Only one newborn died in utero, and eight died in the neonatal period. Elective induction is safe, and when done properly, benefits mother, infant and obstetrician.
The acquired immune deficiency syndrome knowledge and behavior change among MSM population before and after the intervention in Anxian of Mianyang

Objective To understand the acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) knowledge and behavior change situation before and after intervention among MSM in the County of Mianyang City area.Methods This data was get from a questionnaire which was survey in a fixed place during April to September in 2012,and use this data which contain 110 people among MSM to compared to 2011 data.Categorical data was analyzed with chi-square test,the result of P0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results Of the surveyed population in 2012,the age was 16 years in minimum and 49 years in maximum, with an average of(25.0±12.0) years,the scores of AIDS knowledge was 864 points.Compared with the data in 2011, there were significant differences in the rate of correct answer of AIDS among population of different ages(20 96.35%,20-29 99.4%,30-39 100.0%,≥4096.9%),marital status(single 97.6%,married 100.0%,divorced or widowed 100.0%),nationality(Han Chinese 98.8%, others 66.7%),the length of residence(≤2 years 100.0%,2years 98.9%) and education level(primary school or below 83.3%,junior high school99.6%,high school or technical school 98.9%,college or above 97.6%)(all P0.05).There was significant difference in the rate of AIDS prevention services such as drug maintenance treatment and providing/exchanging of sterile needles from community was6.4% btween 2011 and 2012(P0.05).Conclusion Carry out one two-line interactive network running the county AIDS health education and behavioral intervention crowd after the event,the knowledge of AIDS achieve to a higher level,behavior has been greatly changed,but there are still some indicators did not change significantly,and therefore should increase publicity and educational efforts to Promote behavioral change.
Diet and exercise in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: Implications for dietitians from the NIH Consensus Development Conference

Noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is a major health problem, highly correlated with obesity and, therefore, overeating. Diet continues as the cornerstone of therapy, with oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin added, if needed, to maintain normal blood glucose values. The diet prescription should be implemented in stages, with caloric restriction the first priority, as weight loss itself diminishes hyperglycemia to or toward normal. Combinations of foods and even different processing or cooking of the same food may produce different glucose responses. These factors minimize the role of the glycemic index in overall diabetes management. Foods with high soluble fiber content may diminish glucose elevations after meals; however, high-fiber foods appear to be less important for the obese diabetic person than adhering to a calorie-restricted diet and achieving weight loss. Attempts should be made to alter life-style within an acceptable degree for any given patient to encourage weight reduction. For example, although exercise may have a small but transient direct effect in lowering blood glucose and insulin resistance, it can be considered an adjunct to decreased calorie diets for weight reduction. Finally, it appears prudent to prevent or reverse obesity, especially in individuals with a family history of diabetes, in the hope that the onset of diabetes may be prevented or postponed.
Patterns of congenital bony spinal deformity and associated neural anomalies on X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract Purpose Congenital malformations of the bony vertebral column are often accompanied by spinal cord anomalies; these observations have been reinforced with the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We hypothesized that the incidence of cord anomalies will increase as the number and complexity of bony vertebral abnormalities increases. Methods All patients aged ≤13 years (n = 75) presenting to the pediatric spine clinic from 2003−2013 with congenital bony spinal deformity and both radiographs and MRI were analyzed retrospectively for bone and neural pathology. Chi-squared analysis was used to compare groups for categorical dependent variables. Independent t tests were used for continuous dependent variables. Significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Fifty-five percent of congenital spine deformity patients (n = 41) had associated spinal cord anomalies on MRI. Complex bony abnormalities had a higher incidence of cord anomalies than simple abnormalities (67, 37 %; p = 0.011). Mixed deformities of ...
Normalized cuts for spinal MRI segmentation

Segmentation of bony structures plays an important role in image-guided surgery of the spine. In this paper we give a first approach to the segmentation of vertebral bodies from 2D sagittal MR images of the spine using the normalized cuts (Ncut) segmentation technique [1], and the Nystrom approximation method [2].
Barriers to the Preclinical Development of Therapeutics that Target Aging Mechanisms

Through the progress of basic science research, fundamental mechanisms that contribute to age-related decline are being described with increasing depth and detail. Although these efforts have identified new drug targets and compounds that extend life span in model organisms, clinical trials of therapeutics that target aging processes remain scarce. Progress in aging research is hindered by barriers associated with the translation of basic science discoveries into the clinic. This report summarizes discussions held at a 2014 Geroscience Network retreat focused on identifying hurdles that currently impede the preclinical development of drugs targeting fundamental aging processes. From these discussions, it was evident that aging researchers have varied perceptions of the ideal preclinical pipeline. To forge a clear and cohesive path forward, several areas of controversy must first be resolved and new tools developed. Here, we focus on five key issues in preclinical drug development (drug discovery, lead compound development, translational preclinical biomarkers, funding, and integration between researchers and clinicians), expanding upon discussions held at the Geroscience Retreat and suggesting areas for further research. By bringing these findings to the attention of the aging research community, we hope to lay the foundation for a concerted preclinical drug development pipeline.
Time-delayed contrast-enhanced MRI improves detection of brain metastases: a prospective validation of diagnostic yield

The radiological detection of brain metastases (BMs) is essential for optimizing a patient’s treatment. This statement is even more valid when stereotactic radiosurgery, a noninvasive image guided treatment that can target BM as small as 1–2 mm, is delivered as part of that care. The timing of image acquisition after contrast administration can influence the diagnostic sensitivity of contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for BM. Investigate the effect of time delayed acquisition after administration of intravenous Gadavist® (Gadobutrol 1 mmol/ml) on the detection of BM. This is a prospective IRB approved study of 50 patients with BM who underwent post-contrast MRI sequences after injection of 0.1 mmol/kg Gadavist® as part of clinical care (time-t0), followed by axial T1 sequences after a 10 min (time-t1) and 20 min delay (time-t2). MRI studies were blindly compared by three neuroradiologists. Single measure intraclass correlation coefficients were very high (0.914, 0.904 and 0.905 for time-t0, time-t1 and time-t2 respectively), corresponding to a reliable inter-observer correlation. The delayed MRI at time-t2 delayed sequences showed a significant and consistently higher diagnostic sensitivity for BM by every participating neuroradiologist and for the entire cohort (p = 0.016, 0.035 and 0.034 respectively). A disproportionately high representation of BM detected on the delayed studies was located within posterior circulation territories (compared to predictions based on tissue volume and blood-flow volumes). Considering the safe and potentially high yield nature of delayed MRI sequences, it should supplement the standard MRI sequences in all patients in need of precise delineation of their intracranial disease.
Transgenic overexpression of macrophage matrix metalloproteinase-9 exacerbates age-related cardiac hypertrophy, vessel rarefaction, inflammation, and fibrosis.

The present study was the first to use mice with transgenic overexpression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in macrophages to examine the effects of macrophage-derived MMP-9 on cardiac aging. ...
Still Bay and Howiesons Poort sites (South Africa) are consistent with the risk hypothesis

d’Errico et al.’s (1) conclusion that cultural differences between the Still Bay (SB) and the Howiesons Poort (HP) sites in South Africa (SA) are not accounted for by the risk hypothesis (2) is premature. The risk hypothesis is well-modeled by interaction between risk and mobility as a driver for artifact complexity measured by (number of technounits)/(number of subsistants) = α + β R + e, where R = (length of growing season [GS]) × (number of moves per year) and GS is a proxy measure for resource risk (3). The model accounts for 97% of the variance in tool kit complexity in a worldwide sample of 20 … [↵][1]1Email: dread{at}anthro.ucla.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Cross-Frequency Phase: Phase Coupling of EEG Signals During Near-Seizure Epochs

In the spirit of my two recent SSRN e-papers, this one investigates and illustrates quadratic phase coupling between different frequency bands of EEG at the same scalp electrode location during near-seizure epochs. The dual-seizure experience of the patient studied in my first paper is analyzed here, concentrating on the time segments the half-hour before seizure, during the seizure itself, then the half-hour right after. The phase-phase couplings of two specific pairs of frequency bands are investigated, delta-theta and theta-slow gamma. Both studies are based on and inspired by previous investigations of the possible significance of these specific couplings, perhaps including lower frequency band modulation of higher frequency oscillations.
Abnormal Liver Tests

Abnormalities of liver tests are often found in asymptomatic patients. A directed history with attention to potential systemic disease processes or risk factors for liver dysfunction or injury is critical. Physical exam is usually normal. It is important to understand the various functions of the liver and how various tests may reflect underlying liver dysfunction. Not all “liver” tests indicate disease of the liver per se. The degree and pattern of involvement of abnormal tests helps distinguish primary liver processes and directs the subsequent evaluation, as particular patterns usually indicate specific disease processes. The two most common patterns of abnormal liver tests are hepatocellular, indicating direct liver cell injury, and cholestatic, indicating biliary obstruction or other dysfunction of the biliary tree. Treatment depends on the etiology and chronicity of the abnormalities; many drug-induced or viral injuries will resolve spontaneously with supportive care or discontinuation of the offending agent. Specific therapy is now readily available for hepatitis B and C. Other hereditary liver disorders and obstructive processes may require subspecialty referral.
Physical education teachers’ perceptions of perceived mattering and marginalization

Background: In many countries around the world, physical education (PE) has been identified as a marginalized subject. PE teachers have been found to feel negative consequences associated with marg...
Subcellular localization of α-synuclein in primary neuronal cultures: effect of missense mutations

Numerous recent observations have implicated alpha-synuclein in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple-system atrophy. Two missense mutations in the gene for alpha-synuclein have been identified in some cases of familial Parkinson's disease and it is thought that these may disrupt the normal structure of the protein and thus promote aggregation into Lewy body filaments. Here, we examine the subcellular localization of alpha-synuclein in primary cortical neurons maintained in a monolayer culture. The protein has widespread expression throughout neurons, including the nucleus, and has a discete localization in the neurites of more mature neurons, reminiscent of synaptic specializations. Interestingly, in a subpopulation of cortical neurons transfected at 13 days in vitro, we find that alpha-synuclein appears to aggregate into distinct punctate inclusions in the cytoplasm and proximal neurites. Unlike Lewy bodies, these structures are not ubiquitin positive. These regions of alpha-synuclein accumulation are observed following transfections with wild-type, Ala30Pro or Ala53Thr alpha-synuclein; neither mutation alters their frequency.
Workshop two: long-term and cumulative effects of acoustic exposure along with other stressors.

The working group considered long-term and cumulative effects of acoustic exposure, including the effects of acoustic exposure in combination with other stressors. The discussion was initiated by three short informal presentations invited by the organizers. This paper summarizes the main points that emerged from the workshop. In general, we have avoided specific attribution of comments because the points might not always be original to the speaker or the speaker might not always have been identified. We are very grateful to the workshop participants who generously shared their expertise and insights with us and apologize for any errors, omissions, or misinterpretations on our part. That said, we hope these notes will be useful to others exploring this complex and challenging topic.
Kinematic evolution of the Olinghouse fault and the role of a major sinistral fault in the Walker Lane dextral shear zone, Nevada, USA

Abstract The Olinghouse fault is a highly oblique sinistral fault in the northern Walker Lane dextral shear zone. In this study, we use geologic mapping and structural analysis of 56 fault surfaces and several folds to constrain the evolution and kinematic role of the Olinghouse fault within the Walker Lane. We document a two-stage development of the Olinghouse fault, with an early phase of extension between 12 and 10 Ma followed by left-lateral shear with a component of extension beginning at 8 to 5 Ma. The sinistral Olinghouse fault has played a relatively complex kinematic role in the evolution of the Walker Lane, including acting as a boundary for clockwise vertical-axis block rotation, a strain transfer zone between loci of extension, and a structural domain boundary redistributing strain between the Carson and Pyramid Lake domains. The fault has accumulated ∼2.5–3 km of left-lateral offset at an average rate of 0.3–0.6 mm/yr. The complexity of this sinistral-normal fault zone within a broad zone of dextral shear was likely influenced by the propagation of Walker Lane dextral shear into a zone of pre-existing crustal structure.
Recent Advances and Future Perspectives of PHB Production by Cyanobacteria

Abstract Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic microorganisms known for their high protein content, essential fatty acids, vitamins, and minerals. Due to these features, cyanobacteria biomass can be use...
A Novel Port/Network Parameter Extraction Technique for Coupling Circuits With Full-Wave Time-Domain Integral Equation Solvers

Fully coupled transient analysis of electromagnetic (EM)-circuit systems is highly desirable for a number of applications. Over the last decade or so, there have been several papers that present effective solutions to this problem within the context of full-wave differential or integral equation solvers. The method typically espoused is as follows: discretize the underlying EM system, couple with the circuit subsystem self-consistently, and then solve the coupled system. Within this framework, nonlinearities are easily accounted for in the solution process. This is in direct contrast to frequency domain analysis, wherein one defines ports that couple the EM and circuit subsystems, i.e., the representation of the EM system using an effective impedance/admittance as seen at the circuit terminals. This approach permits: 1) solution only at the circuit level and 2) one can readily incorporate different circuits without having to solve the coupled system repeatedly. Achieving the same functionality in the time domain is a challenge. In this paper, we present a solution to this problem. We will prescribe the means to effectively represent the EM subsystem in terms of a transient admittance, thus facilitating a solution to the coupled system via a circuit-level solve. Several results are presented that serve to validate the proposed approach and demonstrate its effectiveness.
Comparative Analysis of Decompression Versus Decompression and Fusion for Surgical Management of Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Objective When lumbar stenosis involves spondylolisthesis, many surgeons include fixation. Two recent trials have shown no consensus to definitive treatment. We aimed to add to the discourse of fusion versus decompression in patients with lumbar spondylolisthesis by providing a large-scale generalizable study. Methods We used multicenter, prospectively collected data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database to compare 30-day outcomes for decompression alone versus combination decompression and fusion in the treatment of lumbar spondylolisthesis. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the effect of surgical type on multiple characteristics. Univariate 2-tailed χ2 analyses were used to identify further outcome differences. Results In total, 9606 patients with treated lumbar spondylolisthesis were identified (907 decompression only, 8699 decompression and fusion). The fusion group tended to be younger (P Conclusions Unplanned return to the operating room and major and minor adverse events were greater for patients undergoing fusion. This could influence future decision-making in lumbar spondylolisthesis. This study indicates that further investigation is warranted but that decompression may be associated with less morbidity in the properly selected patient.
Provider Perspectives on Sex Trafficking: Victim Pathways, Service Needs, & Blurred Boundaries

ABSTRACTThis study examines service providers’ perspectives on survivors of trafficking using a purposeful sample of professionals specializing in intimate partner violence, sexual assault, and chi...
Prescription Use of Exercise Therapy in Depression Treatment

Abstract Introduction: Depression has become an epidemic worldwide, with numbers of diagnosis rising each year alongside numbers of those on antidepressant medication. Exercise therapy has been long studied and tested to prove its’ efficacy in the treatment of depression, but there are no known studies to indicate how frequently it is used in practice or in what capacity it is used. Methods: A qualitative mailed interview questionnaire was completed by 21 mental health professionals to answer questions pertaining to their knowledge of exercise therapy as a treatment method. It also assessed the value they placed on exercise, personal application of exercise and exercise therapy, and their willingness to receiving training or additional education. Results: Many participants were applying exercise therapy in treatment of individuals with depression; however very few were truly prescriptive with their treatment plans. All participants of the study found value in exercise therapy. Many felt that in order to feel confident to use the method; they would need additional information and education about how to individualize and apply it. Conclusions: Despite its’ perceived and well researched value, very few mental health professionals are able to use exercise therapy in a structured or formalized way to achieve the best results. Trainings need to be created to aide in knowledge, growth and individualization of exercise therapy as well as community development. More research needs to be done to better understand what dose is most appropriate for the treatment of depression. Keywords: Exercise; Exercise therapy; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Pharmacotherapy
Single-atom gold oxo-clusters prepared in alkaline solutions catalyse the heterogeneous methanol self-coupling reactions.

In an effort to obtain the maximum atom efficiency, research on heterogeneous single-atom catalysts has intensified recently. Anchoring organometallic homogeneous catalysts to surfaces creates issues with retaining mononuclearity and activity, while the several techniques developed to prepare atomically dispersed precious metals on oxide supports are usually complex. Here we report a facile one-pot synthesis of inorganometallic mononuclear gold complexes formed in alkaline solutions as robust and versatile single-atom gold catalysts. The complexes remain intact on impregnation onto supports or after drying in air to give a crystalline powder. They can be used to interrogate the nuclearity of the catalytically active gold site for reactions known to be catalysed by oxidized gold species. We show that the [Au1–Ox]– cluster directs the heterogeneous coupling of two methanol molecules to methyl formate and hydrogen with a 100% selectivity below 180 °C. The reaction is industrially important as well as the key step in methanol steam reforming on gold catalysts. Generating stable single-atom catalysts is far from straightforward and can involve complicated preparation procedures. Now, mononuclear gold oxo-clusters formed in alkaline solutions through a facile one-pot synthesis are shown to catalyse the heterogeneous methanol self-coupling reaction to methyl formate and hydrogen. The intrinsic activity is the same for both supported and unsupported gold catalysts.
Preservice Teachers' Mobile Learning Experience: An Exploratory Study of iPad-Enhanced Collaborative Learning.

This study investigated preservice teachers’ perceived learning experience in iPad-enhanced, collaborative learning environments. Three variables, including sense of community, perceived collaborat...
Reinventing Extremity Amputation in the Era of Functional Limb Restoration.

Background Recent progress in biomechatronics and vascularized composite allotransplantation have occurred in the absence of congruent advancements in the surgical approaches generally utilized for limb amputation. Consideration of these advances, as well as of both novel and time-honored reconstructive surgical techniques, argues for a fundamental reframing of the way in which amputation procedures should be performed. Methods We review sentinel developments in external prosthetic limb technology and limb transplantation, in addition to standard and emerging reconstructive surgical techniques relevant to limb modification, and then propose a new paradigm for limb amputation. Results An approach to limb amputation based on the availability of native tissues is proposed, with the intent of maximizing limb function, limiting neuropathic pain, restoring limb perception/proprioception and mitigating limb atrophy. Conclusions We propose a reinvention of the manner in which limb amputations are performed, framed in the context of time-tested reconstructive techniques, as well as novel, state-of-the-art surgical procedures. Implementation of the proposed techniques in the acute setting has the potential to elevate advanced limb replacement strategies to a clinical solution that perhaps exceeds what is possible through traditional surgical approaches to limb salvage. We therefore argue that amputation, performed with the intent of optimizing the residuum for interaction with either a bionic or a transplanted limb, should be viewed not as a surgical failure, but as an alternative form of limb reconstruction.
Finding the Right 'Fit': Matching Regulations to the Shape of the Sharing Economy

The very features of the sharing economy that make it so attractive as a business model—actors in the sharing economy adapt their business models quickly in light of and in response to new technologies, they rely on trust as an engine for economic exchange, and those exchanges are decentralized to facilitate “peer-to-peer” exchanges that are disintermediated—also make it difficult to regulate. This phenomenon challenges those who might oversee the sharing economy to balance the benefits of the sharing economy against the risk to consumers who might find themselves abused and or exploited in contexts that are rife with potential risk: i.e., in the backseat of the car of a stranger, in someone’s home, when purchasing an item from an unknown source through an online marketplace. The components of the sharing economy that make them difficult to regulate are not bugs of the system, but their core features. Yet to the extent we might seek to regulate these core features, we run the risk of stifling the very aspects of sharing economy approaches that set them apart as attractive alternatives to traditional business models. In order to continue to capitalize on the benefits of the sharing economy, regulators who wish to ensure an adequate degree of consumer protection within this growing sector of the economy need to find ways to balance innovation with regulation, experimentation with governance, and trust with oversight. This chapter attempts to explore ways in which approaches to regulating the sharing economy might seek to identify those aspects of the sharing economy that make it unique and which are core to the benefits sharing economy models generate and match them to regulatory approaches that will serve to encourage innovation while not sacrificing consumer protection. In an effort to find a good regulatory match, I strive to identify those core features and search for regulatory models that seem to be a good “fit”: i.e., models that might share these core components with the sharing economy itself. That search looks at these core features—the protean, disintermediated, and decentralized components of sharing economy models—and finds that so-called “New Governance” approaches to regulation appear most similar to the sharing economy itself. Indeed, using New Governance Theory as a guide, this Chapter charts a course for regulatory models that can offer guidance on a regulatory regime for those sectors where sharing economy businesses are currently thriving and where they might emerge in the future.
Manipulation of crosslinking in photo-induced phase separated polymers to control morphology and thermo-mechanical properties

Abstract Photopolymerization-induced phase separation allows significant control over polymer morphology and properties for hybrid radical/cationic systems. Polymer nano/micro-structure and domain size/continuity of each incompatible phase can be manipulated by using different photopolymerization conditions and formulation chemistries. In this work we incorporate multifunctional monomers including hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) and a hybrid acrylate-oxetane monomer (OXMA) to modify the domain size scale and phase-separated morphology of a butyl acrylate (BA) and difunctional oxetane (DOX) system. Photopolymerization of the DOX/BA system results in distinct and co-continuous soft acrylate and hard oxetane domains. Incorporating different amounts of HDDA or OXMA generates polymer morphologies with smaller size-scale continuous hard domains because of the reduction in time difference between phase separation onset and gel point. Additionally, thermomechanical analysis shows that two glass transition temperatures (Tg's) are created for the DOX/BA system as indicated by the tan(δ) profiles, confirming the formation of distinct phase-separated domains. The addition of a crosslinker significantly increases the Tg of acrylate-rich domain as much as 45 °C, forming less distinct and broad tan(δ) peaks. The formation of more integrated as well as small and continuous domains enhances the flexibility and strength of the phase-separated DOX/BA system. A 2-fold increase in both elongation at break and maximum stress is observed with the addition of small amounts of HDDA or OXMA, resulting in an almost 5-fold increase in toughness and 2-fold increase in impact strength compared to the DOX/BA system. These results demonstrate that phase separation and polymer morphology in radical/cationic systems can be directed using multi-functional monomers enabling enhancements in mechanical properties including tensile toughness and impact strength.
Early biochemical response to parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism and its predictive value for recurrent hypercalcemia and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism.

Abstract Background The traditional definition of cure after parathyroidectomy (PTX) for primary hyperparathyroidism is normocalcemia. Our hypothesis was that early postoperative levels of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone after PTX would have predictive value for later recurrence. Methods We performed a retrospective study of 1,146 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism who underwent PTX and had long-term biochemical follow-up. The first postoperative serum level of calcium and parathyroid hormone values were used to categorize patients into the following four early biochemical response groups: (1) complete response (normal calcium and normal parathyroid hormone), (2) partial response with hyperparathormonemia (normal calcium and increased parathyroid hormone), (3) partial response with hypercalcemia (increased calcium and normal parathyroid hormone), and (4) non-response (increases in both calcium and parathyroid hormone). Incidences of recurrent hypercalcemia and recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism >6 months after operation were then analyzed. Results The overall rate of any elevated serum levels of calcium and any increase in serum levels of parathyroid hormone during >6-month follow-up was 9.8% (112 of 1146), with 6.6% (57 of 861) for group 1, 27% (35 of 129) for group 2, and 16% (20 of 127) for group 3 (P Conclusion This study demonstrates the importance of measuring parathyroid hormone in the early postoperative period to better predict later recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism.
Simulation of repetitive mechanisms using modular kinematics

Simulations of several repetitive mechanisms, some of them considered difficult to perform, have been done relatively easily using for loops and the MeKin2D modular-kinematics subroutines. These simulations include generation of multiple couple-curves, wicked-vane and aperture mechanisms, feathering paddlewheels, radial engines and a folding pop riveter. For the former two mechanisms, in addition to motion simulation, shaking-force and mechanical-advantage analyses have also been performed, respectively. For a better understanding of the computer implementations of these simulations, their source code is also provided as an Appendix to the paper.
Land use and turbine technology influences on wind potential in the United States

Abstract As clean energy ambitions have expanded, critically evaluating renewable energy supply has become increasingly important to the energy research community and stakeholders. This study examines the onshore wind resource potential for the conterminous United States and its sensitivity to siting constraints and turbine technology innovation. We compile localized regulatory information and use high-resolution data to present multiple siting regimes covering relatively constrained to unconstrained potentials. Our efforts reveal high sensitivity to these variables and sizable uncertainty in the overall wind energy resource potential. Specifically, we find that siting constraints may shift the total capacity available to commercial wind energy by 2.3–15.1 TW. Furthermore, our results illustrate that technology advancement could require larger setbacks from buildings and infrastructure, reducing the total available capacity potential by 20% relative to estimates using current technology, but that this reduction is largely offset by increased generation such that the net effect on generation is 1%. The observed sensitivity to and uncertainty resulting from the variables we analyze suggest there is value in continued study and development of increasingly sophisticated approaches to characterizing wind resource potential.
Case Management Strategies to Promote Employment for Transition-Age Youth With Disabilities:

Transitioning students with disabilities are at a disadvantage for post-school employment. This article explores ASPIRE case managers’ roles in promoting employment among transition-age youth with ...
Evidence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers (Helmitheros vermivorum) in east-central Arkansas, USA.

Nest material kleptoparasitism likely evolved in birds to reduce the cost of searching for and collecting material themselves. Although nest material kleptoparasitism has been reported commonly in colonially nesting species, reports for solitary breeding species are infrequent, especially for neotropical migratory species. Here, we report potential and actual nest material kleptoparasitism in the Worm-eating Warbler (Helmitheros vermivorum). We deployed video camera systems at passerine nests (n = 81) in east-central Arkansas during summers 2011-2012. In one video, we observed a Worm-eating Warbler stealing nesting material from a Hooded Warbler (Setophaga citrina) nest. One day later, we later observed a Worm-eating Warbler landing within 0.5 m of the same warbler nest when the female was incubating, which possibly deterred a second theft of nesting material. In a third video recording, we observed another Worm-eating Warbler landing within 1 m of an Indigo Bunting (Passerina cyanea) nest. As far as we could determine, neither of these latter two nest visits resulted in nest material kleptoparasitism. Potential benefits of nest material kleptoparasitism include reduced competition for limited nest materials, easy access to suitable material, reduced travel distance, and reduction of nest predation risk; however, costs include risk of attack by host or introducing parasites to one's nest. Importantly, this behavior could ultimately affect the behavioral and life history evolution of a species. We suggest further work should be conducted to determine the prevalence of nest material kleptoparasitism in Worm-eating Warblers and other solitary breeding passerines, including efforts to quantify the benefits and costs of this behavior.
Stability range of localized subcritical Rayleigh–Bénard convection in temperature-dependent viscosity fluids: Constraints from two-dimensional simulations

We use a finite element code CITCOM to determine the stability range of a unique planform of Rayleigh–Benard convection in temperature-dependent viscosity fluids—a spatially localized upwelling. Such a planform can only exist at Rayleigh numbers below the critical Rayleigh number for the linear onset of convection. Its initiation requires a finite-amplitude perturbation. We perform numerical simulations in long two-dimensional rectangular boxes with free-slip boundary conditions, which are relevant to convection in planetary interiors. The main result is a stability map of spatially localized single upwellings. Localized upwellings can exist at viscosity contrasts higher than about 150. The range of Rayleigh numbers at which localized upwellings are stable increases with the viscosity contrast. At the largest viscosity contrast studied, 1010, localized upwellings are stable in the range between about 0.5 and 0.9 of the critical Rayleigh number. The horizontal scale of localized upwellings is on the order of the layer thickness and decreases with the viscosity contrast. Spatially localized upwellings can occur on icy satellites and small planets where the conditions are likely to be subcritical due to the small size of these bodies. Localized upwellings might have industrial applications as well, such as patterning of polymers.