cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The post-failure behavior of norite in triaxial compression

Abstract Results of a comprehensive series of quasi-static triaxial compression tests on a South African norite tested at confining stresses of up to 8,000 p.s.i. are presented. The tests were performed in a stiff testing machine so that the post-failure behavior could be observed, and lateral volumetric strains were continuously recorded using the “constant confining stress” technique. A comparison of the results of these tests with some data previously presented for a Witwatersrand quartzite reveals that there are significant differences between the deformational behavior of norite and quartzite, particularly in the manner in which the lateral expansion at the maximum axial stresses varies with confining stress. For norite, the amount of lateral expansion in excess of that due to linear, elastic compression was found to steadily increase about threefold between confining stresses of 50 and 6,000 p.s.i., and thereafter remain approximately constant. The “excess lateral expansion” for quartzite is about four times higher at a confining stress of 2,500 p.s.i. than at 50 and 5,000 p.s.i. The rate of lateral expansion at the maximum axial stress decreases with increased confinement in a similar manner for both rocks, although at any particular confining stress the absolute rate is higher for quartzite than for norite.
The parole hearing: Decision or justification?

A detailed content analysis of tape-recordings of 100 randomly selected California parole hearings revealed that these hearings take the form of short, unstructured diagnostic interviews in which the hearing officers ask questions of the prisoners who respond in a very minimal way. Different patterns of questioning and prisoner response occurred for hearings where the eventual decision was to grant parole as opposed to deny parole, and this decision outcome could be predicted with a high degree of accuracy by discriminant function analyses. In general, the hearing officers made their own psychological assessments of the prisoners, even though they lacked knowledge and training in this diagnostic skill. According to the results of this study, the parole decision-making process appears to be a reliable one, but nevertheless its validity is questionable.
Androgen-independent prostate cancer: target evolution and disease dynamics

Prostate cancer is a biologically diverse disease. The hallmark of the disease is its ability to regress, and ultimately regrow, following testosterone deprivation (hormone therapy). Recent developments have yielded new insights into the biological mechanisms of androgen independent growth. In turn, novel therapies directed at these mechanisms, including adrenal androgens, the insulin-like growth factors and transforming growth factor-beta, are being pursued in clinical trials.
Enhanced control and routing paths in data vortex interconnection networks

Redundant control and routing paths are included in the data vortex network to enhance its routing performance. The simulation study has confirmed the improvement in the data throughput and packet latency at various network sizes. The cost should be considered in practical implementations.
Temperature alteration of monoamine metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid.

MEASUREMENT of brain metabolites in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) offers a valuable biochemical approach to the brain. In the work described here I examined the effect of temperature on specific metabolites in CSF. Because brain monoamines are thought to be involved in thermoregulation1 and body temperature affects monoamine metabolism, I have examined the relationship between body temperature and the concentration of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in CSF obtained from the cisterna magna.
Status of Poultry Science Departments and Poultry Research Within Combined Departments

Abstract Although most of the poultry science departmental losses occurred during the 1960s, attrition through mergers with animal science units has continued. In the 1980s and 1990s, four departments were merged, leaving only the southeast (from Delmarva to Texas) and a few scattered states elsewhere with intact poultry departments. The loss of departments coincides with areas where the poultry industry is relatively smaller, but even in states with significant industries, departments are threatened. It is suggested that a divergence of program needs between industry and university, precipitated by vertical integration and loss of job opportunities and exacerbated by lack of cooperative planning, has been a contributing factor. The contrast between departmental and industry trends is striking, with university personnel decreasing ~15% since 1984 but with per capita consumption increasing ~20% since 1986 and surpassing been consumption in 1991. Heavily integrated poultry operations have been relying more and more on in-house research and on-the-job training, but long-term efforts in such areas as animal welfare, behavior, and basic or mechanistic research require university participation. Universities and industry must work more closely together in the future to address long-range efforts to the maximum benefit of both.
Alterations in the effects of atropine on the behavior of pigeons following chronic administration

Abstract The acute effects of atropine (0.01–1.0 mg/kg) on pigeons' key-pecking maintained under a variable-interval (VI) 60-sec schedule of food reinforcement were determined. Atropine decreased key-peck rates in a dose-dependent manner. A rate-decreasing dose of physostigmine, an acetlycholinesterase inhibitor, was studied in combination with the range of atropine doses. The rate reduction produced by physostigmine was attenuated by some doses of atropine. An atropine dose which decreased key-peck rates was then administered to the pigeons every day after their experimental sessions (chronic post-session phase). During this regimen, the dose-effect curves for atropine and the combinations of atropine and physostigmine were redetermined. Atropine was then given chronically prior to experimental sessions (chronic pre-session phase), and the dose-effect curves for atropine and the combinations of atropine and physostigmine were determined again. The pigeons became tolerant to the rate-reducing effects of atropine following chronic post-session administration. Physostigmine's effect alone was unchanged following chronic atropine administration for two pigeons, and was slightly greater for a third. The rate reduction caused by physostigmine was attenuated across a wider range of atropine doses in the two pigeons for which the effect of physostigmine alone was unchanged. The atropine/physostigmine interaction curve for the third pigeon was shifted to the right following chronic post-session atropine administration. No further changes in effects of either atropine alone or in combination with physostigmine were seen following chronic pre-session atropine administration. Tolerance to atropine's rate-suppressing effects in this preparation, then, did not depend on the interaction of the pigeons while drugged with factors specific to the experimental situation, i.e., it was not “contingent” or “behavioral” tolerance. The tolerance exhibited some specificity, however, in that initially effective doses continued to antagonize the suppressive effects of physostigmine in two of three pigeons. That is, although larger doses of atropine were required to suppress key-pecking, they were not required to antagonize physostigmine's effects.
On the use of a three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver for rocket engine pump impeller design

A 3D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes Solver and a Fast Grid Generator (FGG), developed specially for centrifugal impeller design, were incorporated into the pump impeller design process. The impeller performance from the CFD analysis was compared to one-dimensional prediction. Both analyses showed good agreement of the impeller hydraulic efficiency, 94.5 percent, but with an 8 percent discrepancy of Euler head prediction. The impeller blade angle, discharge hub to shroud width, axial length and blade stacking were systematically changed to achieve an optimum impeller design. Impeller overall efficiency, loss distribution, hub-to-tip flow angle distortion and blade-to-blade flow angle change are among those criteria used to evaluate impeller performance. Two grid sizes, one with 10 K grid points and one with 80 K grid points were used to evaluate grid dependency issues. The effects of grid resolution on the accuracy and turnaround time are discussed. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that CFD can be effectively used for design and optimization of rocket engine pump components.
An investigation using SSITKA of Chain growth on Fe and FeMnK Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalysts

Abstract Although FTS is a simple reaction between CO and H 2 , its reaction mechanism is not straightforward since it involves a large number of surface species for the formation of a variety of products. In this study, steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) was utilized to estimate the average surface residence times leading to CO 2 and various hydrocarbon products in order to investigate chain growth and termination for hydrocarbon products formed on unpromoted and K- and Mn-promoted FeCuSiO 2 catalysts. The addition of K and Mn to the Fe catalyst promoted significantly the catalytic activity of Fe but did not have a significant impact on the chain growth or chain termination steps. Instead, an increase in the concentration of active surface intermediates leading to hydrocarbon products was the primary cause for the improved catalyst activity. Chain termination was found to be relatively fast compared to chain growth for the Fe FTS catalysts with and without K and Mn promotion, as the average surface residence times of methane, ethane, ethylene, propane and propylene showed.
Variational stabilization of the ionic charge densities in the electron-gas theory of crystals: Applications to MgO and CaO

The electron-gas theory of crystals is extended to include the effects of many-body forces that arise from both electrostatic and overlap interactions. These effects are incorporated through a self-consistent spherical relaxation of the ionic charge distributions such that the crystal binding energy is minimized. This variational model is used to compute the elastic constants and equations of state of MgO and CaO, and we compare its results to those derived from earlier electron-gas models. In the variational model, the anion charge distributions are markedly more sensitive to the local crystal environment than they are in the PIB or other electron-gas models. We find that for these oxides the variational model gives the best overall agreement with experiment for lattice constants, equations of state, dissociation energies, and elastic moduli.
Supporting relief efforts of the 2010 Haitian earthquake using an airborne multimodal remote sensing platform

The small island nation of Haiti was devastated in early 2010 following a massive 7.0 earthquake that brought about widespread destruction of infrastructure, many deaths and large-scale displacement of the population in the nation's major cities. The World Bank and ImageCat, Inc tasked the Rochester Institute of Technology's (RIT) Wildfire Airborne Sensor Platform (WASP) to gather a multi-spectral and multi-modal assessment of the disaster over a seven-day period to be used for relief and reconstruction efforts. Traditionally, private sector aerial remote sensing platforms work on processing and product delivery timelines measured in days, a scenario that has the potential to reduce the value of the data in time-sensitive situations such as those found in responding to a disaster. This paper will describe the methodologies and practices used by RIT to deliver an open set of products typically within a twenty-four hour period from when they were initially collected. Response to the Haiti disaster can be broken down into four major sections: 1) data collection and logistics, 2) transmission of raw data from a remote location to a central processing and dissemination location, 3) rapid image processing of a massive amount of raw data, and 4) dissemination of processed data to global organizations utilizing it to provide the maximum benefit. Each section required it's own major effort to ensure the success of the overall mission. A discussion of each section will be provided along with an analysis of methods that could be implemented in future exercises to increase efficiency and effectiveness.
Robot rescue!: an HRI engineering outreach activity

This video is an example of an engineering outreach activity that we designed to illustrate some of the core issues in HRI research. High school students attending the University of Washington 2009 Summer Math Academy were given a disaster scenario and were asked think about how a robot could help a victim who was trapped by fallen rubble during an earthquake. Students were led through a series of thought questions that encouraged them to consider the type of information the robot would need to give to the victim, the victim's family, and the rescue team. They also considered how a victim might respond to a robot, and the behaviors the robot should display during the rescue. The students then created a script for the rescue scenario, writing not only their own lines, but the behavior and communication of the robot as well. All relevant consent forms were obtained from the participants prior to the outreach event.
Live BI: a framework for real time operations management

The increasing instrumentation of real world physical systems provides an opportunity for real time operations management for the purpose of efficient management of large complex systems. Real time operations management solutions for such large, complex systems such as a transportation network, massive data centers, etc., share many common characteristics and requirements. In this paper, we identify these common challenges in terms of data characteristics and system requirements. We then point out the insufficiencies in current solutions in addressing these requirements and present some results that help meet the challenges.
$Q$ -Band and $W$ -Band Power Amplifiers in 45-nm CMOS SOI

The performance of high-efficiency millimeter-wave (mm-wave) power amplifiers (PAs) implemented in a 45-nm silicon-on-insulator (SOI) process is presented. Multistage class-AB designs are investigated for Q- and W-bands and a push-pull amplifier is investigated at Q-band. The Q-band, class-AB PA achieves a saturated output power of 15 dBm and power-added efficiency (PAE) of 27% from a 2-V supply. The W-band, class-AB PA achieves a saturated output power of 12.4 dBm and PAE of 14.2% from a 2-V supply. The performance demonstrates the high efficiency possible for mm-wave PAs in a SOI process.
Public health concerns for neighbors of large-scale swine production operations.

This article provides a review and critical synthesis of research related to public health concerns for neighbors exposed to emissions from large–scale swine production operations. The rapid industrialization of pork production in the 1990s produced a generation of confined animal feeding operations (CAFOs) of a size previously unseen in the U.S. Recent research and results from federally sponsored scientific symposia consistently indicate that neighbors of large–scale swine CAFOs can experience health problems at significantly higher rates than controlled comparison populations. Symptoms experienced by swine CAFO neighbors are generally oriented toward irritation of the respiratory tract and are consistent with the types of symptoms among interior confinement workers that have been well documented in the occupational health literature. However, additional exposure assessment research is required to elucidate the relationship of reported symptoms among swine CAFO neighbors and CAFO emissions.
IO latency hiding in pipelined architectures

This paper reports upon development of a novel mathematical formalism for analyzing data pipelines. The method accounts for IO and CPU latencies in the stages of the data pipeline. An experimental pipeline was constructed using a video encoder, frame processing, and transport of the frames over an IP (Internet protocol) network. The pipelined architecture provides a method to overlap processing with DMA, encoding and network transport latency so that streams can be processed with optimal scalability. The model expectations were compared with experimental test results and found to be consistent. The model is therefore expected to provide a good estimate for the scalability of streaming video-on-demand systems. Video-on-demand is a rapidly growing service segment for entertainment, advertising, on-line education, and a myriad of emergent applications.
A different look at biogeochemistry

Most of this volume deals with microbes and, especially with their interactions with surfaces. Another aspect of biogeochemistry deals with plants and animals. Microbes were the dominant forms of life during the Precambrian, but over the past 550 million years (the Phanerozoic eon) the evolution of
A spherical subspace based adaptive filter

The authors use the adaptation mechanism of the spherical subspace tracker together with the weighting scheme of total least squares (TLS) to construct an adaptive filter that tracks solutions to time-varying ordinary least squares. TLS, data least squares, and reduced rank problems. To study convergence properties, they relate this filter to Thompson's constrained stochastic gradient eigenfilter. They present a convergence rate acceleration scheme that keeps the filter from being slowed down by saddle points in the performance surface. Simulation results verify the theoretical development. The filter behaves well in the full rank case and is more sensitive and slow to converge in certain reduced rank problems. >
Preventing War and Providing the Peace? International Organizations and the Management of Territorial Disputes

I explore whether international organizations (IOs) promote peaceful conflict management. Using territorial claims data, I find that organizations with interventionist capabilities encourage disputing members to attempt peaceful conflict resolution. Then, to more fully uncover the causal relationship between IOs and conflict management, I investigate the influence of IOs on bilateral dispute settlement separately from third party settlement.The analyses reveal that institutions do not promote bilateral negotiations between members, indicating that the socialization and trust-building capabilities of IOs are limited. However, institutions foster multilateral talks, demonstrating that IOs broker bargaining with third party diplomatic intervention.
College Student Egg Preferences

Abstract College students were surveyed in an effort to determine their preferences concerning eggs. A summary of responses indicated that in general young people enjoy eating eggs and 85.8% prefer to have them as a regular item in the diet. Of those surveyed 72.8% indicated that they eat eggs at least once each week. Concern about cholesterol had no influence on 62.5% of those who responded to the survey. When asked to rank sources of information they deemed most credible the physician–American Medical Association ranked first with 36% of the respondants indicating that choice. Men students were found to eat eggs more often than women. When the responding students were further categorized by either rural or urban background, no further differences of any significance were noted.
Cigarette smoke induces epithelial to mesenchymal transition and increases the metastatic ability of breast cancer cells.

Background Recent epidemiological studies demonstrate that both active and involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke increase the risk of breast cancer. Little is known, however, about the molecular mechanisms by which continuous, long term exposure to tobacco smoke contributes to breast carcinogenesis because most previous studies have focused on short term treatment models. In this work we have set out to investigate the progressive transforming effects of tobacco smoke on non-tumorigenic mammary epithelial cells and breast cancer cells using in vitro and in vivo models of chronic cigarette smoke exposure.
The Behavioral Relevance of Task Information in Human Prefrontal Cortex

Human lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is thought to play a critical role in enabling cognitive flexibility, particularly when performingnoveltasks.However,itremainstobeestablishedwhetherLPFCrepresentationoftask-relevantinformationinsuch situations actually contributes to successful performance. We utilized pattern classification analyses of functional MRI activity to identify novelty-sensitive brain regions as participants rapidly switched between performance of 64 complex tasks, 60 of which were novel. In three of these novelty-sensitive regions—located within distinct areas of left anterior LPFC—trial-evoked activity patterns discriminated correct from error trials. Further, these regions also contained information regarding the taskrelevant decision rule, but only for successfully performed trials. This suggests that left anterior LPFC may be particularly important for representing task information that contributesto the cognitive flexibility needed to perform successfully in novel task situations.
Segregation and Mortality: The Deadly Effects of Racism?

Elevated rates of mortality for African Americans compared to whites, coupled with the persistence of high levels of racial residential segregation, have directed attention to the structural manifestations of racism as potentially important pathogens for health. Using national mortality and census data for 1990 and a measure of black social isolation from whites, we examine the association between residential segregation and mortality in 107 major U.S. cities. Our analyses revealed that black social isolation tended to predict higher rates of mortality for African American males and females, although the strength of the association varied by cause of death. Socioeconomic deprivation explained a modest part of this association for black males but not for black females. Our analyses also found that a positive association between social isolation and mortality was more pronounced, for both blacks and whites, in cities that were also high on the index of dissimilarity. These findings highlight the need for research to identify the specific mechanisms and processes that link residential environments to adverse changes in health status.
The eta invariant in the doubly Kählerian conformally compact Einstein case

On a 3-manifold bounding a compact 4-manifold, let a conformal structure be induced from a complete Einstein metric which conformally compactifies to a Kahler metric. Formulas are derived for the eta invariant of this conformal structure under additional assumptions. One such assumption is that the Kahler metric admits a special Kahler-Ricci potential in the sense defined by Derdzinski and Maschler. Another is that the Kahler metric is part of an ambitoric structure, in the sense defined by Apostolov, Calderbank and Gauduchon, as well as a toric one. The formulas are derived using the Duistermaat-Heckman theorem. This result is closely related to earlier work of Hitchin on the Einstein selfdual case.
The (even) bolder model: The clinical psychologist as metaphysician-scientist-practitioner.

Is the clinical psychologist best characterized as a scientist-practitioner? Or does the practice of science and psychotherapy involve metaphysics to such an extent that the clinical psychologist ought to be considered a metaphysician-scientist-practitioner? To answer these questions, the roles, if any, of metaphysics in science and psychotherapy are examined. This article investigates this question by examining the views of the logical positivists, Karl Popper and Imre Lakatos, and concludes that the practice of science and psychotherapy involves metaphysics in (a) problem choice, (b) research and therapy design, (c) observation statements, (d) resolving the Duhemian problem, and (e) modifying hypotheses to encompass anomalous results.
THE EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY OF DIFFUSE MALIGNANT MESOTHELIOMA.

ALTHOUGH excellent accounts have been published in recent years of the gross and histological pathology of neoplasms believed to be diffuse malignant mesotheliomas, there remains a scarcity of adequate descriptions of their exfoliative cytology. One purpose of this paper is to help correct this deficiency. Another is to present further evidence that diffuse malignant mesothelioma really exists, for undoubtedly there are still some who are not convinced that there is such an entity.
Extended synthetic wavelength phase imaging by multiwavelength digital holography

We present a technique of visible spectrum quantitative phase imaging with ten millimeter range without phase ambiguity while achieving better than ten micrometer precision. A suitable synthetic wavelength for absolute phase measurement, without unwrapping, is implemented by two-wavelength digital holography. This results in amplified phase noise which is then reduced by an iterative optical and algorithm based process involving one or two additional source wavelengths. We demonstrate that these source wavelengths can be acquired from a single laser diode source by realizing the wavelength output response to fine temperature control.
Military Service and Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Lives

The relationship between the U.S. military and the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community is more complex than it ﬁ rst appears. Historically, the American military has both denied the existence of homosexual1 service members and had a hand in shaping what some have termed an “offi cial gay identity” (Lehring 2003) and the coming out process (Berube 1990). Department of Defense policies and practices have evolved over time. In diff erent periods, military policies and practices have focused to diff ering degrees on excluding and discharging homosexuals on the basis of past or current same-sex sexual acts, as well as targeting same-sex attraction, self-identiﬁ cation, gender diff erence, or some combination of desire, behavior, and identity (Berube 1990; Burrelli and Feder 2009; Shilts 1993). Volunteers and draftees were not intentionally excluded from military service based on homosexual identity until World War II, although they were tried sometimes for homosexual acts before that time (Chauncey 1989). Discharges based on homosexuality were not considered dishonorable until after World War II (Mettler 2005). Importantly, during times of war, enforcement of policies to exclude homosexuals from the military was often relaxed.
The effect of phosphatases SHP-1 and SHIP-1 on signaling by the ITIM- and ITAM-containing Fcγ receptors FcγRIIB and FcγRIIA

Inositol and tyrosine phosphatases have been implicated in inhibitory signaling by an Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G, FcgammaRIIB, in B cells, mast cells, and monocytes. Here, we propose a role for the Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase-1 (SHP-1) in FcgammaRIIB-mediated inhibition of FcgammaR signaling. Coexpression of SHP-1 enhances FcgammaRIIB-mediated inhibition of FcgammaRIIA phagocytosis in COS-1 cells. SHP-1 also enhances the reduction in FcgammaRIIA tyrosine phosphorylation that accompanies this inhibition. Significantly, tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk kinase is substantially inhibited by SHP-1. Furthermore, the activation of SHP-1 tyrosine phosphorylation is observed following stimulation of FcgammaRII in COS-1 cells and in human monocytes. The SH2 domain containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP), SHIP-1 also enhances FcgammaRIIB-mediated inhibition of FcgammaRIIA, indicating that FcgammaRIIB can use more than one pathway for its inhibitory action. In addition, SHP-1 and SHIP-1 can inhibit FcgammaRIIA phagocytosis and signal transduction in the absence of FcgammaRIIB. The data support emerging evidence that SH2-containing phosphatases, such as SHP-1 and SHIP-1, can modulate signaling by "activating" receptors.
Analysis of common diseases surveillance results among students in Hangzhou city in 2009- 2011

Objective To understand the incidence rate and influencing factors of common diseases among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou,and to provide scientific evidences for development of effective prevention and treatment measures. Methods In monitoring schools of Hangzhou,annual health examination was carried out on students to monitor and analyze the data of eyesight,malnutrition,obesity,dental caries,trachoma and other common diseases. Results In school- year of 2009- 2010,the incidence rates of common diseases including malnutrition,obesity,poor eyesight,trachoma and dental caries were 7. 00%,12. 66%,70. 33%,7. 97%,and 21. 94%,while in school- year of 2010- 2011,the incidence rates were 6. 25%, 13. 81%,72. 40%,9. 02% and 24. 88%,respectively. It was found that poor eyesight was the most prevailing health problem among students. In addition,the incidence of obesity,poor eyesight,trachoma and dental caries were increasing. Conclusion Poor eyesight was most frequent in primary and middle school students in Hangzhou city. In addition,malnutrition,dental caries,obesity and other common diseases can not be ignored,which need to take targeted measures to improve the current status.
TEN COMMANDMENTS OF ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN

In this paper, definitions of architecture given by outstanding architects of our time are enumerated by the author. Then he gives his more comprehensive definition that "Architecture is not only an art, but a highly precise social and physical sciencethe process of organizing and ordering space and relating it to man for his physical and spiritual use, comfort, and pleasure. " "Ten Commanments of Architectural Design" is summarized as follows: (1) First Commandment: Need for Historical Continuity (2) Second Commandment: Concern for Regional Context and Site (3) Third Commandment: Functional Integrity in planning (4) Fourth Commandment: Structural Integrity (5) Fifth Commandment: Integrity of Technological Advantage (6) Sixth Commandment: Creative Space (7) Seventh Commandment: The Need for Architectural Expression (8) Eighth Commandment: The Understanding and Utilizing the potential of the period (9) Ninth Commandment: Need for Economic and management (10) Tenth Commandment: Totality of Concept and Totality of the Creative Art
Fabrication of microfibrillated cellulose gel from waste pulp sludge via mild maceration combined with mechanical shearing

This article describes a facile route, which combines mild maceration of waste pulp sludge and a mechanical shearing process, to prepare microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with a high storage modulus. In the maceration, the mixture of glacial acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide was used to extract cellulose from never-dried waste pulp sludge. Then, two different mechanical processes including disc refining (DR) and ultrasonication plus homogenization (UH) were applied to the cellulose after maceration and resulted in MFC with a highly tangled fibril network. All of the resultant cellulosic suspensions (2 % w/w) exhibited a gel-like and shear-thinning behavior with storage moduli (G′) ranging from 200 to 4000 Pa. Among them, the 30-min DR-treated MFC gels had the maximum G′, which was much higher than for previously reported MFC gels at the same concentration. Additionally, after mechanical processing, specific surface areas and water retention values of MFC were accordingly increased with the enhancement of shear force, while the storage moduli (G′) were not consistently increased. Finally, a strong MFC gel was successfully prepared from never-dried waste pulp sludge via a one-step disc refining process and using cost-effective chemicals. The obtained hydrogels will have potential as low-density reinforcing fillers or as a template for further surface modification.
Application of automatic thesaurus extraction for computer generation of vocabulary questions.

Automatic thesaurus extraction techniques are applied to computer-generated related word vocabulary questions. These questions assess and provide practice for an aspect of word knowledge found to be important for language learning. Automatic generation of such questions reduces the need for human authoring of practice materials. In evaluations with real teachers, most of the generated questions were considered to be usable in real classrooms. Also, performance of native and nonnative speakers on these automatically generated questions was similar to their performance on manually generated questions for the same words. This application of natural language processing techniques to English as a Second language education is a promising step toward automatically producing vocabulary practice and assessment materials for language learners.
Ab initio tensorial electronic friction for molecules on metal surfaces: Nonadiabatic vibrational relaxation

Molecular adsorbates on metal surfaces exchange energy with substrate phonons and low-lying electron-hole pair excitations. In the limit of weak coupling, electron-hole pair excitations can be seen as exerting frictional forces on adsorbates that enhance energy transfer and facilitate vibrational relaxation or hot-electron-mediated chemistry. We have recently reported on the relevance of tensorial properties of electronic friction [M. Askerka et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 217601 (2016)] in dynamics at surfaces. Here we present the underlying implementation of tensorial electronic friction based on Kohn-Sham density functional theory for condensed phase and cluster systems. Using local atomic-orbital basis sets, we calculate nonadiabatic coupling matrix elements and evaluate the full electronic friction tensor in the Markov limit. Our approach is numerically stable and robust, as shown by a detailed convergence analysis. We furthermore benchmark the accuracy of our approach by calculation of vibrational relaxation rates and lifetimes for a number of diatomic molecules at metal surfaces. We find friction-induced mode-coupling between neighboring CO adsorbates on Cu(100) in a $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ overlayer to be important for understanding experimental findings.
Introducing The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-ARF)

This paper presents information on the development and structure of the MMPI-A-RF, a 241-item self-report inventory designed to evaluate adolescent psychopathology in clinical, forensic, educational, and medical settings. The MMPI-A-RF as a revision of the MMPI-A, which is the most popular test of adolescent psychopathology in the United States. The MMPIA-RF is scheduled to be released in the first half of 2016 by the University of Minnesota Press, and distributed by Pearson Assessment.
Secondary Storage Error Correction Utilizing the Inherent Redundancy of the Stored Data

Data records in secondary storage have some inherent redundancy of information. This redundancy cannot precisely be predicted as in the case of typical error correction scheme’s artificial redundancy. However, the redundancy can be exploited to provide error correction with some degree of confidence. To that end, we develop a statistical error location and correction (SELAC) approach. We use simple and weighted checksum schemes for error detection and present algorithms for single and multiple error correction using SELAC. An implementation of SELAC will be described with an elaborate study of its error correction capabilities. A conspicuous aspect of SELAC is that it will not cost any processor time and storage overhead until after an error is encountered unlike the classical schemes using SEC-DED and DEC-TED codes.
Modal and nodal impedance functions for truncated semi-infinite soil domains

Abstract A general methodology for numerically extracting the impedance functions of flexible soil-foundation interfaces (SFIs) in both physical (nodal) and modal domains is provided, which can also be applied to any truncated semi-infinite elastic media. A recently developed finite element method that features perfectly matched layers as absorbing boundary conditions is used to compute the wave responses within the semi-infinite soil domain. Using this tool, the impedance functions are obtained by prescribing the known nodal or modal displacement along the SFI and computing the corresponding reactions. The modal approach has the advantage of only computing the impedance functions for the most important mode shapes that control the behavior of the interface with a reduced computational cost. The accuracy of the proposed method is investigated through forced-vibration analysis of a strip foundation on surface of an elastic half-space. It is found that reduced-order modal impedance matrices can be as accurate as their nodal counterparts as long as a set of appropriate mode shapes is retained. Moreover, depending on the type of the applied loading and its frequency content, higher (flexible) mode shapes will be activated, and therefore, the substructure methods that are based on rigid or winkler-type impedance functions may predict the actual response of the foundation poorly.
The Laws of Lady Gaga

Especially because her popularity and fame have come with great financial benefits, Lady Gaga has also been subject to various lawsuits. This chapter explains and applies a sociological theory of the behavior of law concerning the manner in which the legalities associated with fame can be explained. The legal matters involved in the case of Lady Gaga include litigation involving trademark, copyright, and racketeering. The position of Lady Gaga as a person successfully attaining popularity and fame is analyzed with respect to various social dimensions to explain the amount and kind of law she has attracted. The legal cases involving Lady Gaga in turn function to gain her attention and benefit her fame.
Interview with Ahmed Bedjaoui ‘Algerian cinema in the new millennium’

ABSTRACTThis exchange between Nabil Boudraa and Ahmed Bedjaoui covers several themes related to Algerian cinema. It starts from the beginnings of Algerian cinema and its role in the War of Liberation and ends with an analysis of contemporary issues in Algerian society, such as history, gender, censorship, migration and resistance.
Noninfectious Acute Lung Injury Syndromes Early After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

Noninfectious acute lung injury syndromes are major causes of respiratory failure and early mortality after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Pulmonary edema and transfusion-related acute lung injuries are important respiratory complications seen after HSCT and in the nontransplant setting. Early transplant-specific causes of lung injury, such as idiopathic pneumonia syndrome, are reviewed. Several complications, such as drug-induced pneumonitis and cryptogenic organizing pneumonia, that occur in both the early and later time periods after HSCT are also briefly discussed. The important role of pretransplant pulmonary function testing measurements in predicting posttransplant respiratory failure is highlighted.
Shifts in Warfare and Party Unity: Explaining China's Changes in Military Strategy

Since 1949, China has adopted nine national military strategies, known as “strategic guidelines.” The strategies adopted in 1956, 1980, and 1993 represent major changes in China's military strategy...
HTTP timed redirection to reduce the energy use of servers

Reducing the electricity use of servers is a major challenge both in end systems and datacenters where most servers reside. HTTP timed redirection can be used to create extended idle periods where a server can sleep and save energy in a hybrid server architecture. This method of reducing energy use is intended for delay-tolerant applications such as client software updates and file backup. Performance evaluation shows the potential for enabling significant energy savings with a bounded delay.
Iron Oxide Nanostructures for the Reduction of Bicarbonate to Solar Fuels

In this study, iron(III) oxide with different sizes and morphologies were synthesized, characterized, and compared for their photocatalytic efficiency in the reduction of bicarbonate to formic acid. The four different Fe2O3 species selected for comparison were micron- and nano-particulate Fe2O3, goethite (α-FeOOH), and Fe2O3 wires. Within the set of four morphologies, we found that Fe2O3 wires possessed a significantly greater surface area. Consequently, this high-surface area wire morphology yielded the highest apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) of 5.59 ± 0.2%. When the photocatalytic efficiency of Fe2O3 was compared to commercial P25 TiO2, it was found that the AQE of Fe2O3 wires was three times greater than P25 TiO2. This work presents the first study of Fe2O3 structures in the photo-reduction of bicarbonate to formate, yielding ultra-high photon conversion efficiency to a value-added product. Graphical Abstract
The Reconfigurable Wall System: Designing a Responsive Structure Reactive to Socio-Environmental Conditions

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and programing of an interactive, responsive wall system. The wall system shape-shifts in response to the surrounding environment aiming at improving occupants’ social and physical experiences of the architectural space. The study identifies and elaborates different dialogues that can be established between occupants, the Reconfigurable Wall System and the surrounding environment.
Infrared Spectra of No Chemisorbed on a Pt/MoO3/Al2O3 Catalyst

Infrared spectra of NO chemisorbed at 298K on prereduced Pt/Al 2 O 3 M0O 3 /Al 2 O 3 , and Pt/MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 were compared. Only the spectra of NO on MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 reduced at 773K and that on Pt/MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 reduced at 573K showed two intense bands at 1800 and 1700cm -1. These bands are assigned to the symmetric (1800cm -l ) and antisymmetric (1700cm -1 ) NO stretching fundamental of a (N0) 2 cis-dimer. The ratio of the relative band intensities leads to an estimate of the angle between the two NO oscillators. These results are applied to interpret the MoO 3 -promoted selective reduction of NO over Pt/MoO 3 /Al 2 O 3 to N 2 O and N 2 instead to NH 3 , as found over a Pt/Al 2 O 3 catalyst.
Modeling reciprocal behavior in human bilateral negotiation

Reciprocity is a key determinant of human behavior and has been well documented in the psychological and behavioral economics literature. This paper shows that reciprocity has significant implications for computer agents that interact with people over time. It proposes a model for predicting people's actions in multiple bilateral rounds of interactions. The model represents reciprocity as a tradeoff between two social factors: the extent to which players reward and retaliate others' past actions (retrospective reasoning), and their estimate about the future ramifications of their actions (prospective reasoning). The model is trained and evaluated over a series of negotiation rounds that vary players' possible strategies as well as their benefit from potential strategies at each round. Results show that reasoning about reciprocal behavior significantly improves the predictive power of the model, enabling it to outperform alternative models that do not reason about reciprocity, or that play various game theoretic equilibria. These results indicate that computers that interact with people need to represent and to learn the social factors that affect people's play when they interact over time.
Determining Metastable Ion Lifetime and History through Wave-Particle Interaction

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) performed on metastable ions is frequently used to probe the dynamics of ground-state ion motions in many laboratory plasmas. However, these measurements place restrictions on the metastable ion lifetime. Metastable states are produced from direct ionization of neutral atoms as well as ions in other electronic states, of which the former will only faithfully represent processes that act on the ion dynamics in a time shorter than the metastable lifetime. We present here the first experimental study of this type of systematic effect using wave-particle interaction in an argon multidipole plasma. The metastable lifetime and relative fraction of metastables produced from preexisting ions, necessary for correcting the LIF measurement errors, can be determined by fitting the experimental results with the theory we propose.
Case 3: An 11-month-old Boy with New Bradycardia.

1. Christin T. Folker, MD* 2. Joseph W. May, MD, MPH* 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD An 11-month-old boy is brought to the emergency department for 1 day of decreased appetite, vomiting, and diarrhea. His parents have both been ill with similar symptoms, and the boy tests positive for norovirus. In the course of his evaluation, he is found to be significantly bradycardic, with a heart rate varying from 55 to 65 beats/min. His parents report an uneventful prenatal and birth history, and he has since been a healthy child. Notably, recorded heart rates were age appropriate at all previous health maintenance visits. On examination he is fussy but consolable and is in no distress. He is afebrile, with a normal blood pressure and respiratory rate for age. He is attentive and interactive. His head is atraumatic and normocephalic, with a soft and flat anterior fontanelle. His pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light. His mucous membranes are moist, and he makes tears when he cries. Radial, brachial, and femoral pulses are of normal strength. Cardiac auscultation confirms a heart rate of 65 beat/min, a regular rhythm, and normal S1 and S2 sounds with physiologic splitting. There are no murmurs or extra heart sounds. His distal extremities are well-perfused and have a capillary refill time of less than 2 seconds. His lung fields are clear. His bowel sounds are hyperactive, and his abdomen is without hepatosplenomegaly. He has no rashes. His neurologic examination findings are grossly normal. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is ordered to further assess his bradycardia (Fig 1). Figure 1. Electrocardiogram obtained at the time of presentation to the emergency department shows a narrow complex rhythm at a bradycardic rate for age (65 beats/min). Close …
Visualism and the Authentification of the Object: Reflections on the Eliot Elisofon Collection at the National Museum of African Art:

Photographic resources are well known within museum contexts. However, these images are rarely considered in terms of how they enhance the historical value of museum objects, construct aesthetic an...
Parental Coping Socialization is Associated with Healthy and Anxious Early-Adolescents’ Neural and Real-World Response to Threat

The ways parents socialize their adolescents to cope with anxiety (i.e., coping socialization) may be instrumental in the development of threat processing and coping responses. Coping socialization may be important for anxious adolescents, as they show altered neural threat processing and over reliance on disengaged coping (e.g., avoidance and distraction), which can maintain anxiety. We investigated whether coping socialization was associated with anxious and healthy adolescents' neural response to threat, and whether neural activation was associated with disengaged coping. Healthy and clinically anxious early adolescents (N = 120; M = 11.46 years; 71 girls) and a parent engaged in interactions designed to elicit adolescents' anxiety and parents' response to adolescents' anxiety. Parents' use of reframing and problem solving statements was coded to measure coping socialization. In a subsequent visit, we assessed adolescents' neural response to threat words during a neuroimaging task. Adolescents' disengaged coping was measured using ecological momentary assessment. Greater coping socialization was associated with lower anterior insula and perigenual cingulate activation in healthy adolescents and higher activation in anxious adolescents. Coping socialization was indirectly associated with less disengaged coping for anxious adolescents through neural activation. Findings suggest that associations between coping socialization and early adolescents' neural response to threat differ depending on clinical status and have implications for anxious adolescents' coping.