cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and electronic properties of dilute-selenide gallium oxide

First-principles density functional theory is applied to investigate the electronic and structural properties of dilute-Se β-Ga2(O1−xSex)3 alloys with the Se-content ranging from 0% to 16.67%. The findings showed that the addition of Se has significant effect on the β-Ga2O3 alloy properties. The equilibrium volume and lattice parameters of β-Ga2(O1−xSex)3 alloys are presented, showing a general expansion with increasing Se-content. Further analysis indicates the expansion rate in the c (001) direction is much larger than that in the a and b directions, in which the information provides important guidance for the manufacturing of the β-Ga2(O1−xSex)3/Ga2O3-based material. From our analysis of the band structures, the β-Ga2(O1−xSex)3 alloys exhibit indirect bandgap property with the bandgap energy decreasing dramatically from 4.868 eV to 2.759 eV. The wavelength derived from the direct bandgap energy covers a regime from 255 nm to 475 nm, implying the potential of β-Ga2(O1−xSex)3 alloys in an ultraviolet photodetector and visible light applications. In addition, electron effective masses are calculated and presented for the β-Ga2(O1−xSex)3 alloys, in which the electron effective mass reduces as the Se-content increases. As a part of a highly mismatched alloy semiconductor class, dilute-Se Ga2(O1−xSex)3 is discussed for the first time with no prior literature in our work, and our findings indicate the potential implementation of GaOSe alloys for electronic and optoelectronic device applications.
Real-time remote energy consumption location for power management application

Electricity generation continue to increase to meet the ever-growing demand of the built environment. Building’s miscellaneous plug loads are targeted for energy savings potentials. However, to ach...
177Lu-NM600 Targeted Radionuclide Therapy Extends Survival in Syngeneic Murine Models of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

There is a clinically unmet need for effective treatments for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as it remains the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer. Herein, we demonstrate a promising strategy using a tumor-targeting alkylphosphocholine (NM600) for targeted radionuclide therapy of TNBC. Methods: NM600 was radiolabeled with 86Y for PET imaging and 177Lu for targeted radionuclide therapy. 86Y-NM600 PET imaging was performed on female BALB/C mice bearing syngeneic 4T07 (nonmetastatic) and 4T1 (metastatic) TNBC tumor grafts (n = 3–5). Quantitative data derived from a PET-image region-of-interest analysis, which was corroborated by ex vivo biodistribution, were used to estimate the dosimetry of 177Lu-NM600 treatments. Weight measurement, complete blood counts, and histopathology analysis were performed to determine 177Lu-NM600 toxicity in naive BALB/C mice administered 9.25 or 18.5 MBq. Groups of mice bearing 4T07 or 4T1 grafts (n = 5–6) received excipient or 9.25 or 18.5 MBq of 177Lu-NM600 as a single or fractionated schedule, and tumor growth and overall survival were monitored. Results: Excellent tumor targeting and rapid normal-tissue clearance of 86Y-NM600 were noted in both 4T07 and 4T1 murine models. Ex vivo biodistribution corroborated the accuracy of the PET data and validated 86Y-NM600 as a surrogate for 177Lu-NM600. 177Lu-NM600 dosimetry showed absorbed doses of 2.04 ± 0.32 and 1.68 ± 0.06 Gy/MBq to 4T07 and 4T1 tumors, respectively, which were larger than those delivered to liver (1.28 ± 0.09 Gy/MBq) and to bone marrow (0.31 ± 0.05 Gy/MBq). The 177Lu-NM600 injected activities used for treatment were well tolerated and resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition and prolonged overall survival in both tested TNBC models. A complete response was attained in 60% of treated mice bearing 4T07 grafts. Conclusion: Overall, our results suggest that 177Lu-NM600 targeted radionuclide therapy has potential for TNBC and merits further exploration in a clinical setting.
CertCoalesce: Efficient Certificate Pool for NDN-Based Systems

Named Data Networking (NDN) relies on public key signing to ensure integrity and authenticity for all data packets fetched in the network. One of the considerations for reliability of such signing is limiting the scope (what the key can sign) and time (how long the key can sign) of the public keys and their certificates, usually referred to as "least privilege principle." Traditionally, the public key certificates are issued for relative long periods of times measured in months or years; which requires considerations for certificate revocation, e.g, when the private key is lost or compromised. However, if the validity periods can be reduced to days or hours, the complex (and sometimes semi-broken) revocation mechanisms can be completely eliminated. This poster proposes such a mechanism---CertCoalesce certificates---to efficiently manage virtually unlimited pools of short-term certificates with limited networking, storage, and computational overheads. Specifically, a single certificate request with a "primary" key can be used to bootstrap the process of creating an unlimited number of short-term certificates for derivative private/public keys. Moreover, such certificates can be issued asynchronously---periodically pre-provisioned or upon request with an Interest---terminating issuance of future certificates when necessary. Moreover, CertCoalesce design owing to the underlying elliptic curve cryptography ensures that a compromised key from the pool of keys will not reveal information about other keys/certificates in the pool.
Machine Learning Based Malware Detection on Encrypted Traffic: A Comprehensive Performance Study

The increasing volume of encrypted network traffic yields a clutter for hackers to use encryption to spread their malicious software on the network. We study the problem of detecting TLS-encrypted malware on the client side using metadata and TLS protocol related flow features. We conduct a comprehensive study on a set of widely used machine learning and deep learning algorithms to detect encrypted malware on two malware flows datasets. In addition to reporting the classification accuracy of the approaches under study, we conduct comprehensive experiments to quantify their run-time performance in terms of throughput and system resource utilization such as the CPU and RAM utilization. Moreover, we further boost the speed of the detection systems using acceleration libraries such as DAAL and OpenVINO. Through the quantitative analysis, we provide a comparison on the effectiveness and run-time performance of the machine learning models, and evaluate techniques to accelerate real-world deployment.
Phase I safety and efficacy study of autophagy inhibition with hydroxychloroquine to augment the antiproliferative and biological effects of preoperative palbociclib plus letrozole for estrogen receptor-positive, HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

1067Background: Endocrine therapy with a CDK4/6 inhibitor is standard of care for patients (pts) with estrogen-receptor-positive (ER+), HER2-negative MBC, yet resistance ultimately develops. We hav...
Proton Damage in Micropac 66183-300 Optocoupler

This paper reports proton damage in the Micropac 66183–300 optocoupler and investigates the radiation degradation of the optocoupler current transfer ratio (CTR) and transistor gain, HFE. We present statistical analysis using a one-sided tolerance method on the optocoupler CTR data.
An RF-input outphasing power amplifier with RF signal decomposition network

This work presents an outphasing power amplifier that directly amplifies a modulated RF input. The approach eliminates the need for multiple costly IQ modulators and baseband signal component separation found in conventional outphasing power amplifier systems, which have previously required both an RF carrier input and a separate baseband input to synthesize a modulated RF output. A novel RF signal decomposition network enables direct RF-input / RF-output outphasing by directly synthesizing the phase- and amplitude-modulated RF signals that drive the branch PAs from the modulated RF input waveform. The technique is demonstrated at 2.14 GHz in a four-way lossless outphasing amplifier system with transmission-line-based power combiner. The resulting proof-of-concept outphasing power amplifier has a peak CW output power of 95 W, and peak drain efficiency of 72%.
Piagetian adaptation meets image schemas: the jean system

Jean is a model of early cognitive development based loosely on Piaget's theory of sensori-motor and pre-operational thought [1] Like an infant, Jean repeatedly executes schemas, gradually extending its schemas to accommodate new experiences Jean's environment is a simulated “playpen” in which Jean and other objects move about and interact Jean's cognitive development depends on several integrated functions: a simple perceptual system, an action-selection system, a motivational system, a long-term memory, and learning methods This paper provides an overview of Jean's architecture and schemas, and it focuses on how Jean learns schemas and transfers them to new situations.
Mechanistic investigation of a highly active phosphite dehydrogenase mutant and its application for NADPH regeneration

NAD(P)H regeneration is important for biocatalytic reactions that require these costly cofactors. A mutant phosphite dehydrogenase (PTDH-E175A/A176R) that utilizes both NAD and NADP efficiently is a very promising system for NAD(P)H regeneration. In this work, both the kinetic mechanism and practical application of PTDH-E175A/A176R were investigated for better understanding of the enzyme and to provide a basis for future optimization. Kinetic isotope effect studies with PTDH-E175A/A176R showed that the hydride transfer step is (partially) rate determining with both NAD and NADP giving (D)V values of 2.2 and 1.7, respectively, and (D)V/K(m,phosphite) values of 1.9 and 1.7, respectively. To better comprehend the relaxed cofactor specificity, the cofactor dissociation constants were determined utilizing tryptophan intrinsic fluorescence quenching. The dissociation constants of NAD and NADP with PTDH-E175A/A176R were 53 and 1.9 microm, respectively, while those of the products NADH and NADPH were 17.4 and 1.22 microm, respectively. Using sulfite as a substrate mimic, the binding order was established, with the cofactor binding first and sulfite binding second. The low dissociation constant for the cofactor product NADPH combined with the reduced values for (D)V and k(cat) implies that product release may become partially rate determining. However, product inhibition does not prevent efficient in situ NADPH regeneration by PTDH-E175A/A176R in a model system in which xylose was converted into xylitol by NADP-dependent xylose reductase. The in situ regeneration proceeded at a rate approximately fourfold faster with PTDH-E175A/A176R than with either WT PTDH or a NADP-specific Pseudomonas sp.101 formate dehydrogenase mutant with a total turnover number for NADPH of 2500.
A microdensity approach to multitarget tracking

This paper presents an approach to multitarget tracking based on recursive estimation of a conditional probability density functional for the multitarget microdensity. This microdensity is distribution that, when integrated over a region in target state space, gives the number of targets in that region. When target motion is stochastic, the microdensity becomes a stochastic function that is characterized by a time-dependent probability density functional that obeys a type of Fokker-Plank equation which is derived. Bayes formula can be used to incorporate measurements to obtain the conditional probability density functional. Numerical solution of the microdensity Fokker-Plank equation and its Bayes' formula update are illustrated in a brief numerical example.
Genetic evidence that the gacA gene encodes the cognate response regulator for the lemA sensor in Pseudomonas syringae.

Abstract Mutational analysis of the bean-pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strain B728a has led to the genetic identification of the gacA gene as encoding the response regulator for the unlinked lemA sensor kinase. The analysis of a collection of spontaneous mutants of P. syringae pv. syringae suggested that the gacA gene was involved in lesion formation and the production of protease and syringomycin. The gacA gene originally was identified as a regulator of extracellular antibiotic production by Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the predicted GacA protein is a member of the FixJ family of bacterial response regulators. The sequence of the putative B728a GacA protein revealed 92% identity with the P. fluorescens GacA protein. An insertional mutation within the P. syringae pv. syringae gacA gene abrogated lesion formation on beans, production of extracellular protease, and production of the toxin syringomycin, the same phenotypes affected by a lemA mutation. DNA sequence analysis identified the P. syringae pv. syringae uvrC gene immediately downstream of the gacA gene, an arrangement conserved in P. fluorescens and Escherichia coli. The gacA insertional mutant was sensitive to UV, presumably because of polarity on transcription of the downstream uvrC gene. Southwestern (DNA-protein) analysis revealed that the lemA and gacA genes were required for the full expression of a DNA binding activity.
Circulating Immune Complexes

Antigens, self or foreign, induce an immune response leading to production of specific antibodies that interact with the inciting antigens and may form antigen—antibody (immune) complexes. An immune response is normally developed as a defense mechanism which eliminates and neutralizes the undesirable antigens. In addition, immune complexes have a regulatory role in both the cellular and humoral immune responses by virtue of their capacity to interreact with Fc and complement receptor-bearing lymphocytes and macrophages. The formation of the immune complexes under certain circumstances could be pathogenic, resulting in disease states.
Intensity Relations in the Spectra of Titanium I. Line Intensities in the Stronger Multiplets of Ti I and Ti II

The relative intensities of the lines in 26 of the stronger multiplets of the spectrum of normal titanium, Ti I, and in 8 of the stronger multiplets due to the singly ionized atom, Ti II, were measured by a general method of photographic photometry which is described in detail. In Ti I, 58% of the multiplets were found to obey the intensity formulas to well within 5%, while in the 42% of abnormal multiplets, 71% of the lines were found normal, with 16% abnormally weak and 13% abnormally strong. In Ti II, 62% of the multiplets measured were normal, while of the abnormal 38%, 61% of the lines were normal, with 21% abnormally weak and 18% abnormally strong. Of all the lines measured, 86% appeared normal in intensity, while 7.6% were too weak and 6.4% were too strong. The departures from the predicted intensities are often fairly large, generally being of the order of 10% to 40%. No definite correlation was found between intensity abnormalities and depatures from Lande’s interval rule or the normal Zeeman patterns.
Sources of resiliency among successful foster youth

Abstract In this study, 44 young adults who were removed from their biological parents as children responded to survey questions about the internal and external resources that helped them to “beat the odds” and, unlike most foster youth, complete a post-secondary educational program or achieve at least junior standing in a four-year institution. The results indicated that the majority of these youth acknowledge the presence of a variety of protective factors, including a sense of competence, goals for the future, social support, and involvement in community service activities. Implications for the improvement of foster youth services include the enhancement of programs that nourish supportive relationships with caring adults and enable youth to positively contribute by helping others.
The quantitative histochemical estimation of transketolase in the nervous system of the rat

Abstract A method for the quantitative histochemical determination of transketolase in microgram quantities of tissues is described. Results have shown the method to be specific, reproducible and accurate. The method consists of the spectrophotometric estimation of sedoheptulose 7-phosphate produced by tissue homogenates incubated in a buffered ribose 5-phosphate substrate. Transketolase activity was found to be greater in rat spinal cord than in cerebral cortex, suggesting that this enzyme is more active in central nervous system white matter. Since the activity of other enzymes of the hexose monophosphate shunt seems to follow a similar pattern, it is conceivable that these enzymes and the shunt are related to oligodendroglial metabolism.
The China venture: America's corporate encounter with the People's Republic of China

The article presents a review of the book “The China Venture: America's Corporate Encounter With the People's Republic of China,” by Christopher Engholm.
Report on the First International Workshop on Mining Graphs and Complex Structures (MGCS'07)

The fast accumulation of graph data is witnessed in a wide range of scientific and commercial domains. Typical graph data include chemical compounds, circuits, biological networks, computer networks, 2D/3D models, XML, RDF and workflows. Graph is regarded as a critical data type for knowledge discovery in bioinformatics, chemical informatics, computer vision, informational retrieval, computer security, semantic web, social science, etc., just to name a few. Unfortunately, due to the lack of graph management and mining tools, it is hard, if not impossible, for users to search and analyze any reasonably large collection of graphs. There is an imminent need for scalable methods for mining and search in graphs and other complex structures.
Poisoned Prosperity: Development, Modernization and the Environment in South Korea

Government and governance will be very different in the future than anticipated by the literature in the field.
CHANGING CONCEPTIONS OF PUBLIC OPINION IN THE POLITICAL PROCESS

From the very outset in the 1930s, public opinion polling has been closely wedded to the study of popular democratic politics. The first issue of the Public Opinion Quarterly was produced in the rosy glow of the victory of the Gallup and Crossley polls over the Literary Digest and other "straw polls" in predicting the Roosevelt landslide over Landon in the 1936 presidential election, and featured an article by Archibald Crossley (1937) diagnosing this pivotal event. The same general survey research method may be used to explore the economist's "tastes and preferences," the psychologist's "attitudes," the sociologist's "norms," and the anthropologist's "cultural values," but the conventional label "public opinion" comes straight from the parlance of politics. All this being so, a discussion of public opinion in politics is a subject nearly as vast as that of public opinion more broadly speaking. And a commission to discuss its changing conception over 50 years within a very brief essay is a sobering challenge. Surely one could winnow the relevant literature down to its most profound and influential decile, drop all annotations, and still have a mere bibliography on the subject that would well exceed our allotted space. Therefore we must discard to right and left all manner of indispensable topics and classic citations. What remains from such heroic selectivity is bound to be idiosyncratic: and it is only fair to point out that the reader is receiving here but a sample of one essay out of a large number of quite discrepant ones that might be written on the topic. Once past this disclaimer, we may begin with a few of the broadest observations to be made. In retrospect, it seems clear in a degree that would delight William Fielding Ogburn that the growing intrenchment of the technology of public opinion assessment in the past 50 years has had a major impact not only on our understanding of detailed proper-
A phylogenetic theory of wit and humor

(1949). A Phylogenetic Theory of Wit and Humor. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 81-96.
Leucovorin and folic acid regimens for selective expansion of murine 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate pools

Abstract Mice bearing subcutaneously implanted EMT6 mammary adenocarcinoma were treated with leucovorin or folic acid by continuous subcutaneous infusion or bolus intraperitoneal injection. (6 R )-5, 10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate pools in cytosolic extracts of the tumor, marrow, and gut were measured by analysis of the ternary complex with thymidylate synthase (5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate: dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45) and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate, and the polyglutamate distribution in the (6 R )-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate pool was analyzed by native gel electrophoresis. Bolus intraperitoneal administration of either leucovorin or folic acid caused dose-dependent expansion of the (6 R )-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate pool in the tumor, but not in the marrow or gut. For example, the AUC (0–5 hr) in the tumor increased from a baseline value of 8.2 to 20 nmol/mg protein·hr after a bolus dose of 1.5 mmol/kg of leucovorin or folic acid, whereas the increase in marrow and gut was 2- to 4-fold lower. Continuous subcutaneous infusion at the same total dosage over 3 days gave AUC (0–96 hr) values of 134 nmol/mg protein·hr for controls as compared with 347 nmol/mg protein·hr for the leucovorin group and 254 nmol/mg protein·hr for the folic acid group. In contrast to bolus treatment, the increase in (6 R )-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate in the marrow and small intestine with both leucovorin and folic acid infusion was similar to the increase in the tumor. Thus, intraperitoneal bolus injection was tumor selective, but subcutaneous continuous infusion was not. Longer-chain polyglutamates of (6 R )-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate in the tumor after bolus treatment with 0.375 and 0.75 mmol/kg of leucovorin or folic acid increased relative to controls. At higher doses of 1.5 and 2.25 mmol/kg, an increase was observed only in the mono/diglutamate fraction. In marrow, on the other hand, the mono/diglutamate fraction, but not the longer-chain polyglutamates, increased at all doses. In the constant infusion regimen, longer-chain polyglutamates increased in all three tissues, though in gut and marrow the mono/diglutamate fraction increased more than in tumor. Leucovorin and folic acid were converted to (6 R )-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate more efficiently but less selectively during a 3-day subcutaneous infusion than after an intraperitoneal bolus. Longer-chain polyglutamates were selectively increased in tumor by both regimens of leucovorin administration.
Membrane Cholesterol Modulates β-Amyloid-dependent Tau Cleavage by Inducing Changes in the Membrane Content and Localization of N-Methyl-D-aspartic Acid Receptors

We have previously shown that β-amyloid (Aβ) treatment resulted in an age-dependent calpain activation leading to Tau cleavage into a neurotoxic 17-kDa fragment in a cellular model of Alzheimer disease. This detrimental cellular response was mediated by a developmentally regulated increase in membrane cholesterol levels. In this study, we assessed the molecular mechanisms by which cholesterol modulated Aβ-induced Tau cleavage in cultured hippocampal neurons. Our results indicated that these mechanisms did not involve the regulation of the binding of Aβ aggregates to the plasma membrane. On the other hand, experiments using N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor inhibitors suggested that these receptors played an essential role in cholesterol-mediated Aβ-dependent calpain activity and 17-kDa Tau production. Biochemical and immunocytochemical analyses demonstrated that decreasing membrane cholesterol levels in mature neurons resulted in a significant reduction of the NR1 subunit at the membrane as well as an increase in the number of large NR1, NR2A, and NR2B subunit clusters. Moreover, the majority of these larger N-methyl-d-aspartic acid receptor subunit immunoreactive spots was not juxtaposed to presynaptic sites in cholesterol-reduced neurons. These data suggested that changes at the synaptic level underlie the mechanism by which membrane cholesterol modulates developmental changes in the susceptibility of hippocampal neurons to Aβ-induced toxicity.
Regioselective and stereoselective cleavage of cis-4-methyl-2-vinyl-l,3-dioxane by alkyllithiums.

The reaction of alkyllithiums with cis-4-methyl-2-vinyl-1,3-dioxane proceeds in virtually quantitative yield via a formal S(N)2' ring opening that proceeds in a regioselective manner to give preferential cleavage of the C(2)-O(l) bond remote from the 4-methyl substituent, affording the E-enol ether as the major stereoisomer. A two-step mechanism, involving addition of the alkyllithium followed by syn-elimination of lithium alkoxide, is suggested to account for the stereochemical outcome.
Noise performance of linear associative memories

The performance of two commonly used linear models of associative memories, generalized inverse (GI) and correlation matrix memory (CMM) is studied analytically in the presence of a new type of noise (training noise due to noisy training patterns). Theoretical expressions are determined for the S/N ratio gain of the GI and CMM memories in the auto-associative and hetero-associative modes of operation. It is found that the GI method performance degrades significantly in the presence of training noise while the CMM method is relatively unaffected by it. The theoretical expressions are plotted and compared with the results obtained from Monte Carlo simulations and the two are found to be in excellent agreement. >
The effect of syntactic structure on nonordered recall

The present study was designed to test the hypothesis that the facilitative effect of syntactic structure on the recall of nonsense sentences is due solely to the fact that S is relieved of the necessity of storing information concerning item order. It was predicted that if S s were not required to recall the items in order, then the facilitative effect should disappear. Four types of lists were used, representing combinations of two variables: (a) whether the list was structured, and (b) whether bound morphemes were present. Under conditions of nonordered recall, a facilitation effect was still apparent, and thus the hypothesis was rejected.
Ownership Object Graphs with Dataflow Edges

During architectural risk analysis, security experts look for architectural flaws based on a documented runtime structure, which for object-oriented systems can be approximated by an object graph. Architectural risk analysis involves thinking about worst-case scenarios, and thus requires a sound object graph, which shows all possible objects and dataflow communication between them. Extracting a sound object graph that conveys architectural abstraction is challenging. One solution is to apply a hierarchy to the object graph to convey both high-level understanding and detail. Achieving soundness requires a static analysis, but architectural hierarchy is not available in general purpose programming languages. To achieve hierarchy, we annotate the program with ownership types and use abstract interpretation to extract a global, sound, hierarchical object graph that has dataflow communication edges showing the flow of objects due to field reads, field writes, and method invocations. We formalize the static analysis, prove its soundness, then show that the extracted edges are similar to those drawn by a security expert.
Mathematical building-blocks in engineering mechanics

A gamut of mathematical subjects and concepts are taught within a handful of courses formally required of the typical engineering student who so often questions the relevancy of being bound to certain lower-division prerequisites. Basic classes at the undergraduate level, in this context, include: Integral and Differential Calculus, Differential Equations, and Matrix (or Linear) Algebra. Focusing on but one sub-discipline within engineering, namely, Mechanics, the author attempts to expose the sheer pertinence of each of the aforementioned mathematical subjects as they unavoidably have materialized in various forms throughout his teaching experiences; specifically, an example is drawn from each of the following classes: Advanced Structural Analysis, Analysis of Plates and Shells, Fracture Mechanics and Fatigue, and Composite Materials. While comprehensiveness is not the aim of this article, the sampling of themes that are expounded upon – rudimentary to all disciplines of science and engineering – unearth...
Using motor-learning theory to design more effective instruction.

(2009). Using Motor-Learning Theory to Design More Effective Instruction. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 80, No. 3, pp. 17-37.
Towards a Networked Community of Africans in the Diaspora: Problems and Prospects

Les peuples de la diaspora africaine sont historiquement les populations les plus isolees du monde. Etant donne leur histoire commune, leur culture, leurs conditions socio-economiques, ils devraient utilement partager leurs idees, leurs esperiences et collaborer pour resoudre leurs problemes communs. Internet et les reseaux electroniques offrent des moyens de notre temps de relier les informations et les individus dans le monde entier. L'article presente les perspectives et les problemes de l'usage de ces technologies pour relier en reseau les africains de la diaspora. Il recommande des strategies aux associations de bibliotheques et aux professionnels de l'information dans ces regions pour atteindre ce but. Une liste de sites Internet interessants pour les peuples d'origine africaine est donnee en annexe.
Low oxygen affects the quality of Asiatic hybrid lily bulbs during simulated dry-sale storage and subsequent forcing

Abstract Asiatic hybrid lily bulbs cultivars ‘Marseille’, ‘Vermeer’, and ‘Vivaldi’ were held in 0–8% O2 or air at 22–24 °C under fluorescent lighting to evaluate the potential use of modified atmospheres to extend shelf life. Following approximately 30 days of storage, bulbs were forced in the greenhouse. Storage in 1% O2 was the most effective treatment. Shoot elongation and flower bud development was greatly inhibited at 1% O2 in all cultivars, while concentrations at or below 0.5% were destructive to shoot tissues. Air-stored bulbs produced stunted plants and a high incidence of flower bud abortion. One percent O2 delayed anthesis and decreased the number of flower buds compared with air in all cultivars, but flowers developed normally, and plants were taller compared with air-stored bulbs. The quality of ‘Marseille’ plants grown from bulbs held in 1% O2 was high. The quality of ‘Vermeer’ was acceptable, but a small percentage of plants grown from bulbs held in 1% O2 did not emerge. ‘Vivaldi’ performed poorly due to a high percentage of blind and non-emerging plants. Results demonstrate that low O2 storage may extend the dry-sale shelf life of certain Asiatic hybrid lily cultivars by inhibiting shoot elongation and flower bud development while producing a flowering plant that is acceptable to the consumer.
Ultrasmall lanthanide-doped nanoparticles as multimodal platforms

Recently, there has been a great amount of interest in nanoparticles which are able to provide a platform with high contrast for multiple imaging modalities in order to advance the tools available to biomedical researchers and physicians. However, many nanoparticles do not have ideal properties to provide high contrast in different imaging modes. In order to address this, ultrasmall lanthanide doped oxide and fluoride nanoparticles with strong NIR to NIR upconversion fluorescence and a strong magnetic response for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been developed. Specifically, these nanoparticles incorporate gadolinium, dysprosium, or a combination of both into the nano-crystalline host to achieve the magnetic properties. Thulium, erbium, and neodymium codopants provide the strong NIR absorption and emission lines that allow for deeper tissue imaging since near infrared light is not strongly absorbed or scattered by most tissues within this region. This also leads to better image quality and lower necessary excitation intensities. As a part of the one pot synthesis, these nanoparticles are coated with peg, pmao, or d-glucuronic acid to make them water soluble, biocompatible, and bioconjugable due to the available carboxyl or amine groups. Here, the synthesis, morphological characterization, magnetic response, NIR emission, and the quantum yield will be discussed. Cytotoxicity tested through cell viability at varying concentrations of nanoparticles in growth media will also be discussed.
Theory of the epitaxial crystallization of polymers on alkali halide substrates. II. Polyoxymethylene and polythiomethylene

The epitactic behavior of a single chain of polyoxymethylene and of polythiomethylene on alkali halide substrates has been simulated by computing the coulombic, induced dipolar, and dispersion–repulsive potential energies as a function of polymer–substrate geometry. Inspection of the total potential energy surface for a polyoxymethylene chain in a 9/5 helix reveals a favorable alignment in which the chain is parallel to the substrate surface ((001) cleavage plane) with specific positioning along rows of positive charge. This preferential orientation has been found to be independent of lattice matching between the substrate and deposited phase. An identical mode of orientation is predicted for a polyoxymethylene chain and a polythiomethylene chain, both in the 2/1 cis-planar conformation. The theoretical results for polyoxymethylene are in agreement with available experimental evidence, whereas the outcomes of the calculations performed on polythiomethylene should be considered predictive study to be complemented by a future experimental investigation.
DEFINING STANDARD OF CARE IN THE DEVELOPING WORLD: THE INTERSECTION OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH ETHICS AND HEALTH SYSTEMS ANALYSIS

In recent years there has been intense debate regarding the level of medical care provided to standard care control groups in clinical trials in developing countries particularly when the research sponsors come from wealthier countries. The debate revolves around the issue of how to define a standard of medical care in a country in which many people are not receiving the best methods of medical care available in other settings. In this paper we argue that additional dimensions of the standard of care have been hitherto neglected namely the structure and efficiency of the national health system. The health system affects locally available medical care in two important ways: first the system may be structured to provide different levels of care at different sites with referral mechanisms to direct patients to the appropriate level of care. Second inefficiencies in this system may influence what care is available in a particular locale. As a result of these two factors locally available care cannot be equated with a national standard. A reasonable approach is to define the national standard of care as the level of care that ought to be delivered under conditions of appropriate and efficient referral in a national system. This standard is the minimum level of care that ought to be provided to a control group. There may be additional moral arguments for higher levels of care in some circumstances. This health system analysis may be helpful to researchers and ethics committees in designing and reviewing research involving standard care control groups in developing country research. (authors)
FICUS STUPENDA GERMINATION AND SEEDLING ESTABLISHMENT IN A BORNEAN RAIN FOREST CANOPY

Factors limiting seed germination and seedling establishment of the hem- iepiphyte Ficus stupenda were investigated with two field experiments conducted in a Bornean rain forest canopy. In Experiment 1, seeds of F. stupenda were planted in potential establishment sites averaging 31 m above the ground in each of 45 dipterocarp trees. Twenty seeds each were planted in a total of 336 sites. Germination, survivorship, and growth were monitored over 1 yr, and examined in relation to microsite and host tree characteristics. The presence of substrate with good moisture retention (soil, rotting wood, or moss) was the most important factor for germination. Such substrates were most frequently associated with knothole sites in the canopy, which had the highest level of establishment success. Seedling survival to 12 mo was low (1.3% of planted seeds), especially considering that the best available sites in each tree were selected. Only 0.04% of seedlings showed vigorous growth after 12 mo. A seed-harvesting ant in the genus Pheidole significantly reduced germination success, and herbivory and desiccation killed many seedlings at later stages. In Experiment 2, seedling growth in natural canopy sites was compared with growth of seedlings in artificial planter boxes raised into the canopy in order to assess the relative quality of canopy sites. Planters were superior to natural sites for seedling survivorship and supported much more rapid seedling growth with a positive response to light level. Higher growth rates in planters compared with natural sites showed that water stress ap- peared to be the critical factor limiting seedling growth in the canopy, even in this very wet climate. Sites in the canopy with the optimal combination of conditions for fig seedling establishment appear to be very scarce. Ficus population densities may be limited by both biotic and abiotic factors reducing early recruitment success.
The promise of cognitive radio for communications and remote sensing for critical infrastructure, disaster, safety, and risk management

Public safety and disaster communications are hampered by problems of interoperability and dependence on critical infrastructure, particularly base stations and repeaters requiring fiber or wire backhaul and reliable primary power. Under normal conditions these are masked by workarounds (mutual aid agreements between nearby agencies, multiple radios in police cars, batteries and gasoline powered generators at base stations, etc.), but they become very obvious when disaster strikes, as in the case of New Orleans during Hurricane Katrina. Cognitive radios (transceivers that are aware of their RF and physical environments, able to take intelligent action based on that awareness to perform their mission and capable of learning from experience) offer attractive solutions to the interoperability and infrastructure problems. Integrating cognitive radios with small autonomous aerial vehicles (which like the radios survey their environments and take intelligent action) enhances the value of both, allowing the vehicles to consider communications requirements like propagation conditions and interference when they position themselves while providing real-time three-dimensional data from their sensors to track smoke, toxic plumes, structural damage, etc. This presentation reviews practical cognitive radio technology, particularly as applied to public safety and disaster management, and describes both some recent prototypes and ongoing research toward networks of autonomous vehicles that combine environmental sensing, intelligent response, and learning in a single “brain” that controls many aspects of motion control and radio operation.
Mechanical Characterization of Flight Mechanism in the Hawkmoth Manduca Sexta

Examining a biological flapping-flight mechanism as a mechanical system provides valuable insight related to the development and construction of Flapping-Wing Micro Air Vehicles (FWMAVs). This paper presents two methods for the mechanical evaluation of the biological flight mechanism in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta (M.sexta). A method for analyzing the static response of the thorax under vertical compression, representing the contraction of the Dorso-Ventral Muscles (DVMs) which power wing elevation, was developed and applied to characterize the relationship between the action of the DVMs and the subsequent thoracic compression and wing elevation. The results have been applied to the evaluation of Finite Element (FE) models of M.sexta’s thorax. In addition, nanoindentation was used to determine an average elastic modulus of 5 GPa for the tergal plate (or tergum) of the thoracic exoskeleton, an energy-storing component which bends during flight and supports one end of the DVMs and both ends of the DLMs.
Carbon−Carbon Bond Formation on Reaction of a Copper(I) Stannyl Complex with Carbon Dioxide

The reaction of (IPr)CuOt-Bu (IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) with triphenylstannane forms a stannyl complex, (IPr)CuSnPh3, by deprotonation of the tin−hydrogen bond. This stannyl complex reacts with CO2 to afford (IPr)CuO2CPh as the sole copper-containing species. A tin−carbon bond in (IPr)CuSnPh3 also undergoes facile cleavage by mild acids such as 2,4-lutidinium chloride.
Myocardial viability during dobutamine echocardiography predicts survival in patients with coronary artery disease and severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction.

Abstract Objectives. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the presence or absence of myocardial viability during dobutamine echocardiography (DE) predicts survival in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and severe left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Background. In patients with CAD, the presence of myocardial viability during DE identifies viable myocardium and predicts recovery of LV systolic function after revascularization. However, there is little data on the relation between myocardial viability and clinical outcome in patients with CAD and severe LV dysfunction. Methods. We studied 318 patients with CAD and a LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤35% who underwent DE and were followed for 18 ± 10 months. Patients were classified into four groups. Group I (n = 85) consisted of patients who had evidence of myocardial viability and subsequently underwent revascularization. Group II (n = 119) consisted of patients with myocardial viability who did not undergo revascularization. Group III (n = 30) consisted of patients who did not have myocardial viability and underwent revascularization. Finally, group IV (n = 84) patients lacked myocardial viability and did not undergo revascularization. Results. The four groups had similar baseline characteristics and rest LVEF. During follow-up there were 51 deaths (16%). The mortality rate was 6% in group I, 20% in group II, 17% in group III and 20% in group IV (p = 0.01, group I vs. other groups). Conclusions. In patients with CAD and severe LV dysfunction who demonstrated myocardial viability during DE, revascularization improved survival compared with medical therapy.
Orthogonally polarized single sideband modulator.

A modulator design capable of producing a new constant intensity modulation format is proposed. The modulator consists of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer containing two polarization modulators. By shifting the relative phase of the electrical drive signal applied to each polarization modulator by 90° a modulation consisting of a carrier and a single sideband, polarized orthogonal to the carrier, is produced.
SIMPLIFIED FORMULAE FOR STANDARD ERRORS IN MAXIMUM‐LIKELIHOOD FACTOR ANALYSIS

Standard errors for maximum-likelihood estimates of factor loadings are expressed in terms of the inverse of an augmented information matrix. This formulation arises naturally by viewing the problem as one in constrained maximum-likelihood estimation. The constraints correspond to the form of rotation used. Results are given for canonical rotation and analytic rotations in the orthomax family.
A Novel VLSI Divide and Conquer Array Architecture for Vector-Scalar Multiplication

A novel VLSI array architecture for vector-scalar multiplication is introduced. It is based on a parameterized divide and conquer algorithm that uses optimal partitioning and redundancy removal for simultaneous computation of partial sums. Two variations of the proposed Parameterized Vector-Scalar Multiplier Architecture (PVSMA), namely PVSMA-A and PVSMA-AT, are implemented and compared to the parallel implementation with carry-save array multipliers. PVSMA-A is optimized for area (A), and is shown to achieve significant area (A) savings at the cost of increased operational delay (T). PVSMA-AT is optimized for area-time product (AT), and is shown to achieve significant area-time product (AT) savings and a smaller operational delay (T) at the cost of smaller area (A) savings.
Separate schools: gender, policy, and practice in postwar Soviet education

This is an extremely well-researched account of an extraordinary episode in the history of modern mass education, the abrupt decision by the leaders of the USSR to selectively end co-education for ...
The Application of an Automated Control Strategy for an Integrated Continuous Pharmaceutical Pilot Plant

Continuous manufacturing offers potential opportunities for the improved manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. A key challenge is the development of an appropriate control strategy. The experimental application of an automated control strategy is presented for an end-to-end continuous pharmaceutical pilot plant. The process starts from an advanced intermediate compound and finishes with the tablet formation steps. The focus of the experimental results is on the design and performance of the control loops needed to produce a slurry of an active pharmaceutical ingredient and a solvent with specified material properties. The results demonstrate that automated control can successfully keep critical material attributes close to the desired set points for a sustained period of operation. This work aims to contribute to the development of future continuous pharmaceutical processes by providing a realistic case study of automated control of an integrated, continuous, pharmaceutical pilot plant.
Patterns of serotonin and SCP immunoreactivity during metamorphosis of the nervous system of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens

Larvae of the red abalone, Haliotis rufescens, rely on external chemical cues to trigger metamorphosis; thus, the timing of metamorphosis is depedent upon the larva's chance encounter with the appropriate substrate. We examined the effect of the timing of metamorphosis on the development of the central nervous system (CNS), concentrating on the pattern of serotonin and small cardioactive peptide- (SCP) immunopositive neurons in the cerebral ganglia. By 4 days postfertilization the cerebral ganglion has five pairs of serotonin-immunoreactive (IR) neurons, one pair of which (the V cells) innervate the velum. This complement of cells remains stable for as long as the larval stage persists but metamorphosis causes the rapid loss of the V cells. In the case of SCP-IR neurons, one pair is present prior to metamorphic competency, but as larvae continue to age in the absence of inducing cues, additional pairs are gradually added. Metamorphosis causes an acceleration in SCP-IR neuron addition. This separation of developmental patterns is well adapted for the inherent uncertainty of the timing of metamorphosis in abalone larvae. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.