cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
“Simple” Diagnostics of the Low Pressure Plasmas in Chemically-Active Media

The “simple” diagnostics for characterisation of non-equilibrium chemically active plasmas are discussed. As to experimental methods the emphasis has been made to the “simple” non-invasive spectroscopic methods of ionising and recombining plasma characterisation. The word “simple” in the title is presented between the quotes, which mean that the methods assumed to be simple only conditionally. In order to be sure that the measurements indeed provide correct information on the plasma parameters, a detailed understanding of kinetics of each particular plasma source is required. Moreover the validity of spectroscopic methods should be checked by independent diagnostic techniques.
Arguing Academic Merit: Meritocracy and the Rhetoric of the Personal Statement.

This article presents a pedagogical model for a sequence of first-year composition (FYC) assignments that encourages students’ first-hand interpretations as insiders into the workings of educational meritocracy. I focus on how students negotiate the personal statement, an institutionally privileged genre for the discovery and definition of individual differences, characteristics, and aptitudes. I offer a Bourdiesian model of analysis of the rhetorical tactics students use to legitimate their cultural capital as academic merit. The tactics students enact become topoi for their own rhetorical analyses and arguments, which prove significant when competing for institutional resources.
Postnatal thyroxine supplementation in infants less than 32 weeks' gestation: effects on pulmonary morbidity.

OBJECTIVE: Transient hypothyroxinemia in premature newborns has been linked with poor neonatal outcomes. We designed this study to evaluate the effects of early thyroxine (T4) administration in the premature infant. STUDY DESIGN: A total of 49 newborns less than 32 weeks' gestation, were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Within the first 48 hours of life, T4 (10 or 20 μg/kg; intravenous or through nasogastric tube, respectively) was administered for a total of 21 days. Chronic lung disease, the primary outcome variable, was defined by oxygen dependency at 28 days of life. RESULTS: The incidence of chronic lung disease, death, grade III or IV intraventicular hemorrhage, periventicular leukomalacia, and sepsis was not different in the placebo and treated groups. CONCLUSION: Early T4 supplementation in preterm newborns less than 32 weeks' gestation does not decrease the incidence of chronic lung disease or other complications of prematurity.
Benchmark interaction energies for biologically relevant noncovalent complexes containing divalent sulfur.

Molecules containing divalent sulfur can participate in significant noncovalent interactions. Computing accurate noncovalent interaction energies using ab initio quantum chemical methods requires a proper description of electron correlation effects. Coupled-cluster theory with single and double substitutions and perturbative triple substitutions, CCSD(T), using extrapolation to the complete basis set (CBS) limit has become the method of choice for computing accurate interaction energies of noncovalently bound complexes. Here, interaction energies are computed for several biologically relevant hydrogen-bonded and dispersion-bound complexes that contain divalent sulfur. Eight-point estimated CCSD(T)/CBS dissociation curves along the noncovalent interaction vector are computed for each complex. As a comparison of high-accuracy ab initio methods, interaction energies are also calculated for each complex using the correlation-consistent Composite Approach (ccCA). We find that, on average, the two methods yield...
Roles for Veterinary Technicians in Preventing Metabolic Diseases in Dairy Herds

Dairy technicians can play an essential role in preventing and monitoring metabolic diseases in dairy herds. Routine herd-level monitoring of eating space, resting space, pen moves, urinary pH before calving, blood non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) before calving, blood calcium at calving, and blood ketones after calving can be performed by technicians. The use of technicians in these roles can greatly enhance the partnership between veterinarians, nutritionists, and dairy producers that is needed to prevent metabolic diseases.
Studies of adjuvant treatment for endometrial cancer.

In this issue of ONCOLOGY, Diavolitsis et al have provided an excellent overview of the literature and state of our understanding of the role of adjuvant therapy in the treatment of endometrial cancer.
Evolution of Porosity and Channelization of an Erosive Medium Driven by Fluid Flow.

A transparent box with a thin layer of glass beads allows optical tracking of dislodging, deposition, and erosion as water travels through the system. Channels develop underground and grow towards the surface due to erosion.
The Ozark Baltimore Checkerspot, Euphydryas phaeton ozarkae (Nymphalidae): Life History in Northern Arkansas

Ecological and geographical differences between eastern and western populations of the Baltimore Checkerspot have led to a division into two subspecies, E. p. phaeton and E. p. ozarkae. Research concerning E. p. ozarkae is sparse, and prior to our work, many aspects of the life history of this subspecies were not known. An accurate assessment of its status has been hindered and confused through the use of data obtained from the eastern subspecies (e.g., mesic habitats and larval food plant) to characterize Ozark populations (e.g., glade habitats and a different larval food plant). From 2011 to 2014 we studied this butterfly in the Ozark Mountains of northern Arkansas. We identified the availability of the primary larval host plant (Aureolaria flava) as a potential limiting factor and investigated limitations to the distribution of this plant. We found many similarities concerning the timing of development between the two subspecies but ample evidence to demonstrate the uniqueness of Ozark populations. Our findings provide valuable information for future research, management, and conservation of the Ozark Baltimore Checkerspot.
Brown-Sequard-Plus Syndrome after Stab Injury

A 5-year-old boy suffered a stab wound to the back in the right paraspinal region that resulted in spinal cord injury at T2-T3 level and spinal shock.
Binding of FVIII to Recombinant VWF

Abstract Abstract 1408 Von Willebrand factor (VWF) forms a non-covalent complex with FVIII in the circulation, which not only stabilizes the heterodimeric structure of FVIII but also protects this coagulation protein from early proteolytic degradation and cellular uptake. By convention, the physiological ratio in plasma between VWF and FVIII is 1 IU to 1 IU, corresponding to a stoichiometry of approximately 1 FVIII molecule bound per 50 VWF monomers. However, since each VWF monomer contains one FVIII binding site, this ratio does not seem to reflect the genuine binding capacity of VWF for FVIII. We therefore investigated the interaction between FVIII and a recombinant VWF (rVWF) drug candidate under different conditions. The FVIII binding capacity of VWF (VWF:FVIIIB) was measured by an ELISA system, where the VWF-bound FVIII was quantified by a FVIII chromogenic assay. Under this condition, VWF:FVIIIB of rVWF was similar to that of VWF derived from human normal plasma. The binding affinity of VWF for FVIII was determined using a Biacore system in which VWF is immobilized onto the sensor chip surface. The FVIII binding affinities were similar for rVWF KD=0.50) and pdVWF (KD=0.49 nM) and agreed with data from the literature. Plasma-derived VWF was reported to show increased FVIII binding when in solution (instead of being immobilized to a surface). To find out whether this also holds true for rVWF, we developed a new assay system based on Biacore technology which measures the binding of FVIII to VWF in solution without any surface binding step of the VWF-FVIII complex. A mixture of rVWF and rFVIII is thereby injected into the flow cell of a Biacore sensor chip with immobilized rVWF. In this indirect assay system, the rFVIII that forms a complex with rVWF in solution is not available for binding to the immobilized rVWF. Under these conditions, rVWF was endowed with a 30-times higher FVIII binding capacity than could be anticipated from the physiological ratio and similar results were obtained for pdVWF. The combined results showed that the ability to serve as the physiological chaperone protein for FVIII is fully preserved in rVWF, which can therefore be expected to stabilize FVIII in the circulation in a similar manner to VWF in plasma. Results from an ongoing phase 1 study show the good FVIII stabilizing properties of rVWF also when administered in humans with type 3 VWD. Disclosures: Schrenk: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Varadi: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Rottensteiner: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Ehrlich: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Scheiflinger: Baxter Innovations GmbH: Employment. Turecek: Baxter BioScience: Employment.
Nutritional Consequences of Technology.

If one wished to gain a rapid insight into consumer attitudes about processing and technology, one would only have to consider that the title of this paper would immediately imply to many people that the negative consequences of technology are going to be emphasized. This simply means that technology has developed a perjorative connotation in the U.S., although its positive contribution to nutrition has been almost incalculable and one of the major negative consequences might simply be that fear of technology and modern food processing causes the consumer to make poor judgements. Unfortunately the consumer now expects food to act as a national eraser and wipe out disease. However, the facts must be considered rather than the expectations. If faced with an "all natural diet" (actually an undefinable term), the consumers would quickly realize some of the reasons why food is eaten. They would learn that their food choices are made on the basis of such things as: acceptability, availability, quality, cost, convenience and safety. Features which would be difficult to obtain in an "all natural diet". Further, such a diet might create nutritional deficiencies which are simply unheard of today. Perhaps it might be well to remember the Biblical story of Joseph who placed grain in storage for 7 fat years to prevent famine against 7 lean years. In a very literal sense, this should be the aim of technology and processing - toward off death due to starvation by lengthening the functional life span of foods so that they may be used, rather than rotting in the fields, or spoiling on the shelves.
Highlighting root notes in chord recognition using cepstral features and multi-task learning

A musical chord is usually described by its root note and the chord type. While a substantial amount of work has been done in the field of music information retrieval (MIR) to automate chord recognition, the role of root notes in this task has seldom received specific attention. In this paper, we present a new approach and empirical studies demonstrating improved accuracy in chord recognition by properly highlighting the information of the root notes. In the signal level, we propose to combine spectral features with features derived from the cepstrum to improve the identification of low pitches, which usually correspond to the root notes. In the model level, we propose a multi-task learning framework based on the neural nets to jointly consider chord recognition and root note recognition in training. We found that the improved accuracy can be attributed to better information about the sub-harmonics of the notes, and the emphasis of root notes in recognizing chords.
Use of surgery and chemoradiation in stage II and III rectal cancer: A retrospective comparison of treatment modalities in major insurance types using the NCDB.

64 Background: The standard of care (SOC) for stage II/III rectal cancer is neoadjuvant chemoradiation plus surgical resection. We aim to compare the treatment practices for patients with stage II and III rectal cancer in major insurance types. Methods: Using data from the National Cancer Database (NCDB), we analyzed the treatment patterns of 91,782 patients diagnosed with stage II/III rectal cancer from 2000 to 2009. The NCDB includes data from 70% of all U.S. cancer patients. This is the largest study of this kind to date. Results: In stage II/III rectal cancer, patients with private insurance received more SOC treatment (70.3%) than patients with VA Insurance (56.6%), Medicare (46.9%), Medicaid (66.5%), or no insurance (61.7%) (p<.0001). VA patients received less SOC treatment than Medicaid or noninsured patients (p<.0001). Medicare patients (26.9%) were treated with surgery alone more often than patients with private insurance (9.8%), Medicaid (10.4%), VAH (12.2%), or no insurance (9.4%) (p<.0001). VA...
Initial results from safety testing of US AGR-2 irradiation test fuel

Abstract Two cylindrical compacts containing tristructural isotropic (TRISO)-coated particles with kernels that contained a mixture of uranium carbide and uranium oxide (UCO) and two compacts with UO2-kernel TRISO particles have undergone 1600 °C safety testing. These compacts were irradiated in the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program's second irradiation test (AGR-2). The time-dependent releases of several radioisotopes (110mAg, 134Cs, 137Cs, 154Eu, 155Eu, 90Sr, and 85Kr) were monitored while heating the fuel specimens to 1600 °C in flowing helium for 300 h. The UCO compacts behaved similarly to previously reported 1600 °C-safety-tested UCO compacts from the AGR-1 irradiation. No failed TRISO or failed SiC were detected (based on krypton and cesium release), and cesium release through intact SiC was very low. Release behavior of silver, europium, and strontium appeared to be dominated by inventory originally released through intact coating layers during irradiation but retained in the compact matrix until it was released during safety testing. Both UO2 compacts exhibited cesium release from multiple particles whose SiC failed during the safety test. Europium and strontium release from these two UO2 compacts appeared to be dominated by release from the particles with failed SiC. Silver release was characteristically like the release from the UCO compacts in that an initial release of the majority of silver trapped in the matrix occurred during ramping to 1600 °C. However, additional silver release was observed later in the safety testing due to the UO2 TRISO with failed SiC. Failure of the SiC layer in the UO2 fuel appears to have been dominated by CO corrosion, as opposed to the palladium degradation observed in AGR-1 UCO fuel.
A Retrospective 20-Year Analysis of Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia and Its Progression to Malignancy and Association with High-risk Human Papillomavirus

Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL) is defined as an aggressive, relentless and recalcitrant form of leukoplakia that has a high propensity for malignant transformation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the malignant potential of PVL and determine its possible association with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Twenty cases with a clinical and biopsy proven diagnosis of PVL were collected from the University of Florida Oral Medicine clinic database. Immunohistochemistry was performed to evaluate the expression of p16INK4A and p53 genes in the PVL lesions. The lesions were also tested for high-risk HPV by DNA in-situ hybridization. The average age of the patients at the time of first biopsy was 62.7 years. Most patients had multiple sites of involvement, gingiva being the most common location. The lesions progressed to malignancy in approximately 50% of patients. The expression of p16INK4A gene was considered negative, with at least a 50–65% immunoreactivity observed in only three cases that progressed to malignancy. No expression of high-risk HPV was detected, whereas p53 staining was positive in less than 25% of the cells demonstrating gene expression. No definite association between PVL and high-risk HPV infection could be established. Due to the high transformation potential of PVL, early recognition with aggressive treatment, including multiple biopsies, and continued close clinical follow-up, remain the mainstay of favorable management of this condition.
Scattering of Elastic Waves by Multiple Inclusions and Cracks

A new volume integral equation method (VIEM) is used to study problems involving wave scattering by multiple inclusions and cracks. The major objective of this study is to determine the characteristics of the scattered field in metal matrix composites with large fibers in presence of microcracks and other defects. Since composites consist of a large number of closely packed fibers, the elastic field in these materials is strongly affected by the interaction between microcracks and the fibers. Thus, to analyze the effects of microcracks on the scattered field in composites is of particular interest in ultrasonic NDE for crack detection and characterization. In this paper we consider the scattering of elastic waves by a distribution of long parallel fibers in presence or absence of interface debonding. We use the VIEM to calculate the scattering cross section from the fibers and discuss the possible application of the results in the nondestructive characterization of the fibermatrix interface degradation in structural composites.
Steven L. Gordon: Social Structural Effects on Emotions

Die emotionssoziologischen Arbeiten Steven L. Gordons bergen eine Uberraschung in sich: Der Titel seines bekanntesten Aufsatzes Social Structural Effects on Emotions (Gordon 1990) legt die Vermutung nahe, er sei ein Vertreter jener strukturalistischen Stromung, die Emotionen als das Resultat der Stellung von Personen oder Gruppen in einem Netzwerk sozialer Beziehungen ansieht (vgl. Neckel 2006: 129).
Spurious Associations in Unreplicated Selected Lines

Often a single pair of lines that has been selected for high and low expression of a trait is used as an animal model to study new biobehavioral characters thought to be associated with the selected trait. Because of genetic drift at many loci, comparisons of High and Low lines on the new character will frequently produce significant line differences even when there is no association between the selected trait and the new character being studied. In the absence of replicate lines to estimate the degree of genetic drift, effect size can be used to reduce the number of false-positive associations between the original selected trait and the new character. When the heritability of the new character exceeds .40 and the inbreeding coefficient within the selected lines is moderate, High- and Low-line means on the new character will frequently differ by at least one phenotypic SD, but not often differ by more than two SDs, in the absence of any relationship between the selected trait and the new character. If the selected lines are highly inbred, drift effects are greater, resulting in more false-positive associations. Situations posing special difficulty in the absence of replicate lines include the study of characters with low heritability relative to the selected trait and cases in which the lines do not differ greatly on the original selected trait. Studies using selected lines should always report inbreeding coefficients of the generations being studied, relative to the base population from which the lines were derived.
Inductive field-reversed configuration accelerator for tokamak fueling

Compact toroids can be used for fueling other fusion devices by accelerating them to high enough velocities to penetrate strong magnetic fields. In the simplest analysis, the kinetic energy density of a flux-excluding object {1/2}pv{sup 2} must exceed the magnetic field energy density B{sup 2}/2{mu}{sub 0} of the field to be pushed aside. Field reversed configurations (FRCs) are a type of compact toroid that are particularly efficient for this application due to their high density and thus lower required energy per unit mass. FRCs are also formed and accelerated inductively, thus minimizing possible impurity contamination. The Tokamak Refueling by Accelerated Plasmoids (TRAP) experiment was built to develop the inductive acceleration method and test the ability of high-velocity FRCs to penetrate transverse magnetic fields. Simple models have been developed for both the acceleration and penetration processes to determine fueler parameters required for a given tokamak field. Experimental results are given for the acceleration process. Half-milligram FRCs with number densities of 10{sup 22} m{sup {minus}3} were accelerated to velocities of 200 km/s, sufficient to fuel tokamaks with Tesia magnetic fields. The technology is easily extendable to much higher FRC densities and velocities, sufficient to fuel the largest, highest-field tokamaks.
Exploring Causes of Depression and Anxiety Health Disparities (HD) by Examining Differences between 1:1 Matched Individuals

Poor comparability of social groups is one of the major methodological problems that threatens the validity of health disparities (HD) research findings. We illustrate a methodological solution that can additionally unpack the mechanisms behind differential effects on depression and anxiety. We describe racial/ethnic differences in the prevalence of depression and anxiety scores between Black and White women using classic methods, and then we illustrate a 1:1 matching procedure that allows for building of individual-level difference scores, i.e., actual HD difference score variables, for each pair of comparable participants. We compare the prevalence of depression disorder between Black and White young women after matching them 1:1 on common socio-economic characteristics (age, employment, education, and marital status). In essence, we follow matching or stratification methods, but make a step further and match cases 1:1 on propensity scores, i.e., we create Black–White ‘dyads’. Instead of concluding from plain comparisons that 11% more White young women (18–30 years old) report a depressive disorder than Black young women, the matched data confirms the trend, but provides more nuances. In 27% of the pairs of comparable pairs the White woman was depressed (and the comparable Black woman was not), while in 15% of the pairs the Black woman was depressed (and the comparable White woman was not). We find that Black-to-White disparities in neighborhood disorder do not predict depression differences (HDs), while such an effect is evident for anxiety HDs. The 1:1 matching approach allows us to examine more complex HD effects, like differential mediational or resilience mechanisms that appear to be protective of Black women’s mental health.
Optimizing Radial Basis Function Kernel on OpenCL FPGA Platform

In this paper, we optimize a widely used kernel, radial basis function, in a support vector machine as a case study to evaluate the potential of using FPGAs and the capabilities of high-level synthesis (HLS) for data intensive applications. We explain the HLS flow, and use it to develop and evaluate the kernels optimized with vectorization, loop unrolling, and half-precision storage format. Our optimizations improve the kernel performance by a factor of 15.8 compared to a baseline kernel on the Nallatech 385A FPGA card that features an Intel Arria 10 GX 1150 FPGA. The half storage format can reduce the DSP and memory utilizations at the cost of increasing the logic utilization. Compared to the single-precision floating-point kernels, the half-precision kernels can reduce the dynamic power consumption on the FPGA by approximately 30%. In terms of energy efficiency, the performance per watt on the FPGA platform is approximately 3X higher than that on an Intel Xeon 16-core CPU, and 1.8X higher than that on an Nvidia Tesla K80 GPU. On the other hand, the raw performance on the FPGA is approximately 2X and 2.7X lower than that on the CPU and GPU, respectively.
Abstract TMP118: Potential Therapeutic Benefits of Perlecan Domain V in Preclinical Vascular Dementia and Cerebral Angiopathy

Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID), the second leading cause of dementia behind Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is a broad term that encompasses a spectrum of initial asym...
Inspiration From Chinese Painting: A Feasibility Study of Using Chinese Ink as Pigment Colorant for a Wearable Art Collection:

Pigments are the most commonly used colorations, due to their ease of accessibility, and have been used for textile printing and pad-dyeing processes for many decades. This research on pigment dyei...
Case Studies of Deviance in Social Media

In this chapter, we provide a high-level view of various case studies that include deviant acts , deviant events , and deviant groups . This chapter utilizes the concepts, tools, and methodologies that we presented throughout this book to study, analyze, and have a better understanding of many real-world deviant events, acts, and groups. Here, we briefly highlight case studies of the work we conducted during many deviant cyber campaigns that were projected against NATO forces. In addition to these cases, we shed light on the deviant cyber campaigns conducted by the so-called Islamic State, also known as ISIL, ISIS, or Daesh . We will highlight the major findings of these cases and point the interested reader for more details to other published literature.
Posterior Circulation Thrombectomy-pc-ASPECT Score Applied to Preintervention Magnetic Resonance Imaging Can Accurately Predict Functional Outcome.

Background There are currently no imaging criteria to identify patients who would benefit from endovascular recanalization of posterior circulation strokes. Applying the Posterior Circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (pc-ASPECTS) to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been demonstrated to be an accurate predictor of functional outcome. Here, we aimed to evaluate the accuracy of the pc-ASPECTS with preintervention MRI as a predictor of functional outcome in a cohort undergoing endovascular recanalization. Methods This is a 15-year retrospective study of patients undergoing endovascular recanalization of posterior circulation with baseline MRI or computed tomography. We analyzed baseline imaging, clinical data, and type and timing of intervention to the functional outcome at 90 days. Using MRI pc-ASPECTS, we evaluated interrater reliability and accuracy in predicting functional outcome and compared them to the use of single-anatomic location for this function. Results Door-to-recanalization time in the MRI cohort was significantly longer (median: 8.7 vs. 2.7 hours, P = 0.03); however, functional outcome was not different. Within the MRI cohort, pc-ASPECTS and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale were the only factors that were significantly different between the groups with good and bad functional outcome (P Conclusions Despite longer time to intervention with MRI as the initial imaging modality in posterior circulation strokes, it does not negatively affect the functional outcome. Pc-ASPECTS is an easy to use and accurate prognostic tool for the real-time evaluation of preintervention MRI in this population.
ACTINN: automated identification of cell types in single cell RNA sequencing.

Motivation Cell type identification is one of the major goals in single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). Current methods for assigning cell types typically involve the use of unsupervised clustering, the identification of signature genes in each cluster, followed by a manual lookup of these genes in the literature and databases to assign cell types. However, there are several limitations associated with these approaches, such as unwanted sources of variation that influence clustering and a lack of canonical markers for certain cell types. Here, we present ACTINN (Automated Cell Type Identification using Neural Networks), which employs a neural network with three hidden layers, trains on datasets with predefined cell types and predicts cell types for other datasets based on the trained parameters. Results We trained the neural network on a mouse cell type atlas (Tabula Muris Atlas) and a human immune cell dataset, and used it to predict cell types for mouse leukocytes, human PBMCs and human T cell sub types. The results showed that our neural network is fast and accurate, and should therefore be a useful tool to complement existing scRNA-seq pipelines. Availability and implementation The codes and datasets are available at https://figshare.com/articles/ACTINN/8967116. Tutorial is available at https://github.com/mafeiyang/ACTINN. All codes are implemented in python. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Hualish Embodiment Audit

In this chapter, I discuss some key elements involved in auditing a Hualish embodiment, including the auditor, data (and data collection methods), diagnosis and prescription. I then provide specific recommendations for four common organizational variants and describe procedures for periodic embodiment audits. At the end of the chapter, I provide an audit checklist for ease of reference.
Massive dual spinless fields revisited

Abstract Massive dual spin zero fields are reconsidered in four spacetime dimensions. A closed-form Lagrangian is presented that describes a field coupled to the curl of its own energy-momentum tensor.
Fostering innovation via ambidexterity in aerospace organizations

Abstract This paper discusses an on-going study that examines the role of organizational ambidexterity associated with the pursuit of Disruptive Innovation by incumbent organizations in the space sector. The study pursues evidence of the approaches used by organizations to pursue balance between the paradoxical tensions of exploration versus exploitation, and integration versus differentiation. Many authors have theorized how organizations might achieve such balance and some have produced empirical data to show how rare firms have survived a disruption. This study analyzes cases from the space sector as an example of a public service sector in which government agencies or regulators play a strong role. It is theorized that the unique interaction between firms and government within public service sectors may lead to different empirical patterns regarding innovation dynamics. Furthermore, well-established organizations may harness ambidexterity to simultaneously explore and exploit or to integrate and differentiate. The research question asks, how do well-established organizations in the space sector harness ambidexterity as part of their innovation strategy? This study reviews literature from organizational studies and innovation theory and proposes a framework by which to analyze the innovation behavior of incumbent organizations in the space sector. Specifically, the framework asks how organizations exercise ambidexterity in the areas of organizational architecture, culture, technology, policies, processes and communication.
Key Plant, Key Pests: Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia)

This series of Key Plant, Key Pests publications are designed for Florida gardeners, horticulturalists and landscape professionals to help identify common pests associated with common Florida flora. This publication, the first in the Key Plant, Key Pests Series, helps identify the most common pests found on the Crapemyrtle (Lagerstroemia). Crapemyrtle are known for being one of the most pest-free landscape plants. This publication provides information and general management recommendations for the crapemyrtle aphid, metallic beetles and powdery mildew. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep560
Characteristics of Iatrogenic Nerve Injury from Orthopedic Surgery Correlate with Time to Subspecialty Presentation.

There is no current literature examining iatrogenic nerve injury resulting from orthopedic procedures across subspecialties and anatomic areas. This study uses a single peripheral nerve surgeon's experience to investigate the variable time to presentation of adult patients with iatrogenic nerve injury after orthopedic surgery. Methods A retrospective review of patients examined in Peripheral Nerve Clinic (PNC) from January 1, 2012, to April 1, 2018, at a single, private, university hospital was performed. Fifty-eight adult patients met inclusion criteria. Charts were reviewed to determine the index orthopedic procedure, peripheral nerve affected, clinical deficits, patient demographics, and time from injury to PNC presentation. Results The average patient age was 51.2 years, and the average time to PNC referral was 10.9 months after the procedure that resulted in nerve injury. The orthopedic procedures included fracture fixation (13), joint arthroplasty (10) knee arthroscopy and ligament reconstruction (9), mass excision (9), shoulder arthroscopy (7), irrigation and debridement (2), removal of deep hardware (2), tendon procedures (2), trigger digit release (2), nerve decompression (1), and release of exertional compartment syndrome (1). Time from injury to PNC presentation was substantially shorter for patients with upper extremity versus lower extremity deficits (5.9 months vs 19.8 months; P = 0.0173) and for patients with motor nerve involvement versus those with isolated sensory nerve injury (4.5 months vs 24.3 months; P = 0.0164). Conclusions Iatrogenic nerve injury is a risk across orthopedic subspecialties. Nerve injuries in the lower extremity and those with isolated sensory deficits have significantly delayed time to subspecialty presentation.
Splenic rupture in an extremely low birthweight infant

Abstract Splenic rupture is a rare event in preterm and term infants. Symptoms of splenic rupture include acute blood loss, abdominal distention, and hypotension. We present the case of a 24 4/7 weeks gestation male infant born in the setting of preterm premature rupture of membranes who developed splenic rupture at 24 hours of life. Initially, the infant was managed medically. As the symptoms of abdominal compartment syndrome worsened, a bedside exploratory laparotomy was performed. The infant died on day of life 16 after developing hyperkalemia and pulmonary hemorrhage during an exchange transfusion for profound hyperbilirubinemia. This is the first report describing the management of splenic rupture in an extremely premature infant.
The hydraulic conductivity of peat with respect to scaling, botanical composition, and greenhouse gas transport: Mini-aquifer tests from the Red Lake Peatland, Minnesota

Abstract Hydraulic conductivity (K) is a key but problematic parameter in groundwater models particularly those that simulate flow in weak, readily deformable media, such as peat deposits. As a result, K represents a critical source of error in models that couple hydrological processes with the carbon balance of peatlands, a globally important source for greenhouse gases. We therefore conducted mini-aquifer tests on two mesoscale bog landforms within the large 1300 km2 Red Lake Peatland of northern Minnesota. These tests offer the dual advantage of determining the fine-scale distribution of K within a large (>900 m3) model domain. In addition, the stress created by a 24 h pumping operation should be capable of mobilizing pools of biogenic gases thoughout a deep peat deposit. The pumping results were monitored by 24 to 38 wells in order to calibrate a 3D finite-volume groundwater model with the aid of PEST (Parameter Estimation Analysis). High K values were determined at a Bog Forest (10−5 to 10−6 m s−1) and Bog Lawn (10−3 to 10−4 m s−1) sites, throughout their deep (>4 m) peat profiles. These tests also detected vertically continuous zones of unexpectedly high or low K values in contrast to the horizontal bedding planes and increasing degree of decomposition with depth. The vertical K zones are suggestive of three different modes of bubble transport that either locally dilate or partially block the peat pores. In addition, the tests provided new insights on a conceptual model linking K to the development of all large (>20 km2) forested bog complexes in mid-continental boreal North America.
The Impact of Tin Whisker Formation on Vehicle Electronics

Tin whiskers are small, hair-like structures that can form naturally from the surface of tin components. While the mechanisms by which tin whiskers form are poorly understood, their potential effects are well documented: they can cause short circuits and arcs within electrical devices, damage micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS), and interfere with the operation of optical and RF components. As automotive systems become increasingly reliant on integrated electronics, the potential for reduced functionality or damage resulting from tin whisker formation increases; however, because the factors that contribute to whisker growth are still debated, design practices, testing standards, and mitigation processes to address tin whiskers have not matured. We discuss potential contributors to tin whisker growth, failure mechanisms that may be induced by whiskers, current testing standards and processes, and mitigation strategies, with a particular focus on the automotive industry.
Ataxia Prevalence in Primary Orthostatic Tremor.

Background: The exact pathophysiology of primary Orthostatic Tremor (OT) is unknown. A central oscillator is assumed, and previous imaging studies show involvement of cerebellar pathways. However, the presence of ataxia on clinical exam is disputed. We set out to study ataxia in OT prospectively. Methods: EMG-confirmed primary OT subjects and spousal controls received a neurological exam with additional semiquantitative evaluations of ataxia as part of a multinational, prospective study. These included detailed limb coordination (DLC), detailed stance and gait evaluation (DS), and the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS). Intra- and inter-rater reliability were assessed and satisfactory. Results: 34 OT subjects (mean age = 67 years, 88% female) and 21 controls (mean age = 66 years, 65% male) were enrolled. Average disease duration was 18 years (range 4–44). BARS items were abnormal in 88% of OT patients. The OT subjects were more likely to have appendicular and truncal ataxia with significant differences in DLC, DS and BARS. Ocular ataxia and dysarthria were not statistically different between the groups. Discussion: Mild-to-moderate ataxia could be more common in OT than previously thought. This is supportive of cerebellar involvement in the pathophysiology of OT. We discuss possible implications for clinical care and future research. Highlights: Previous studies of Primary Orthostatic Tremor (OT) have proposed pathophysiologic involvement of the cerebellar pathways. However, presence of ataxia has not been systematically studied in OT. This is a prospective comprehensive ataxia assessment in OT compared to controls. Mild-to-moderate appendiculo-truncal ataxia was found to be common in OT.
A dynamic understanding of cytochrome P450 structure and function through solution NMR

Many economically important biosyntheses incorporate regiospecific and stereospecific oxidations at unactivated carbons. Such oxidations are commonly catalyzed by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, heme-containing enzymes that activate molecular oxygen while selectively binding and orienting the substrate for reaction. Despite the plethora of P450-catalyzed reactions, the P450 fold is highly conserved, and static structures are often insufficient for characterizing conformational states that contribute to specificity. High-resolution solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) offers insights into dynamic processes and conformational changes that are required of a P450 in order to attain the combination of specificity and efficiency required for these reactions.
A platonic theory of moral education: cultivating virtue in contemporary democratic classrooms: By Mark E. Jonas and Yoshiaki Nakazawa. Pp 210. London: Routledge. 2020. £96.00 (hbk), £29.59 (ebk). ISBN 9780367226572 (hbk), ISBN 9780429276255 (ebk).

In this book, Jonas and Nakazawa provide a wide-ranging and thorough discussion of two broad, interrelated topics: Plato’s theory of moral education, and the application of the Platonic theory of m...
A differential RR Lyrae line-of-sight distance between M31 and M33

We present a purely differential line-of-sight distance between M31 and M33 using ab-type RR Lyrae variables observed in each galaxy by the Hubble Space Telescope Advanced Camera for Surveys in the F606W filter. Using 1501 RR Lyraes in 13 M31 fields and 181 RR Lyraes in six M33 fields, and placing all of these stars on a uniform photometric scale with internally consistent corrections for metal abundance and extinction, we find a relative absolute distance modulus of D(m-M)_o = -0.298 +/- 0.016 in the sense of (m-M)_{o,M31} - (m-M)_{o,M33}. Adopting an absolute distance modulus of (m-M)_o=24.46 +/- 0.10 for M31 places M33 115 kpc beyond M31 in line-of-sight distance.
Analysis of the Transient Characteristics of Grounding Fault Signals with Series Power Electronic Equipment

In order to solve the problem that how the series-type power electronic equipment affect the transient transition process of the faulty power systems under single-phase grounding fault, a 10kV small current grounding system model is built through MATLAB in this paper. An equivalent model of a series power electronic device using unified power flow controller (UPFC) is established. The UPFC will have varying degrees of influence on the transient duration, transient current and voltage amplitude, transient frequency and other electrical signals, when connected to the small current grounding system under single-phase grounding fault. It will further affect the sensitivity and reliability of the line selection method based on these transient electrical signals.
Doxastic Wronging and Evidentialism

It is a piece of common sense that we can be mean-spirited, cruel, and unfair in the ways that we form beliefs. That is, we can wrong others through our doxastic activity. This fact shows that, con...
Applying Benchmarking in Higher Education: A Review of Three Case Studies

Benchmarking has proved to be an effective method to identify best practice information and improve process in an organization. Although the technique has been used widely in business and industry, the concept has not been broadly embraced and applied i..
Quick is Beautiful

When the Princess Rosalba was baptized, her father, King Cavolfiore of Crim Tartary, gave a banquet, and all the royal guests came with expensive presents and flattering speeches (Thackeray, 1855). Then at the end of the line of guests came the Fairy Blackstick. The Fairy Blackstick waved her stick over the baby and said, “As for this little lady, the best thing I can wish her is a little misfortune”. The King was furious and ordered his servants to remove the Fairy Blackstick from the hall. But of course the magic worked, and in the end the Fairy Blackstick’s present turned out to be more valuable than all the other presents put together. I am sorry I don’t have time to tell you the whole story now.
The Impact of Buyer-Type on House Price: Some Evidence from the USA

Purpose – This paper aims to report the results of a study conducted to determine whether investors systematically pay less for single‐family houses than do buyer/residents.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 3,443 single‐family house transactions were subjected to regression analysis.Findings – Investors in this study paid 13.24 percent less, on average, than buyers who reside in the property.Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to transactions occurring during a single year in one American city. Future research could test whether the results apply in other locations. The study did not consider the influence of seller‐type on transaction price. Future studies could incorporate this facet of the transaction. The results have implications for property tax authorities and fee appraisers because the presence of investors in a housing market may introduce a two‐tiered transaction set which could distort the assessment process and/or the indicated value calculated by fee appraisers usi...
A Review of “Finding a Role? The United Kingdom 1970–1990”

Gone forever, apparently, are those surveys of national history wedded to high politics, policymakers, and the panorama of national decision making. The Oxford History of England (and note, it was ...
On the dimension of a homeomorphism group

We prove that the homeomorphism group of each one of a collection of continua constructed in a paper by the first author (Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 121 (1966), 516–548) is one dimensional. This answers a question posed in that paper.
Nearest neighbor influences on DNA polymerase insertion fidelity.

The kinetics of forming all possible single base substitution errors are measured for Drosophila melanogaster DNA polymerase alpha and avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. Seventeen sites along bacteriophage M13 DNA are investigated so that effects of nearest neighbor base stacking on misinsertion kinetics can be evaluated. Polymerase alpha appears to be more error prone than reverse transcriptase. Polymerase alpha forms transversion mispairs at rates comparable to transition mispairs with two exceptions; A.A and C.C are formed with significantly higher and lower efficiencies, respectively. Reverse transcriptase forms transversions with lower efficiencies than transitions, especially low being A.G, G.G, and C.C. For both enzymes, misinsertion frequencies vary typically by 10-fold for the same mispair in different locations. Misinsertion frequency can be expressed as a product of two components, one based on Km and the other on Vmax. DNA polymerase alpha appears to use primarily Km discrimination (100-5000-fold) to achieve insertion fidelity while reverse transcriptase shows a greater balance between Km and Vmax discrimination. Nearest-neighbor base stacking interactions appear to have opposite effects on the two discrimination components. The 5'-nearest neighbor influence on Km is greater for correct insertions than for incorrect, while the influence on Vmax is greater for the incorrect base. Target sites that have pyrimidine as the 5'-nearest neighbor to incoming nucleotides show a higher than average misinsertion component based on Km, but a lower than average component based on Vmax. Conversely, target sites with nearest neighbor purines have a higher than average Vmax component. These results imply that nucleotide misinsertion "hot spots" will occur next to pyrimidines when Km discrimination is dominant and next to purines when Vmax discrimination is dominant. When Vmax and Km discrimination components have similar magnitudes, nearest neighbor effects tend to cancel thereby reducing the effects of base stacking on insertion error rates.
THE JACK OF ALL TRADES IS MASTER OF NONE: A PATHOGEN'S ABILITY TO INFECT A GREATER NUMBER OF HOST GENOTYPES COMES AT A COST OF DELAYED REPRODUCTION

A trade-off between a pathogen's ability to infect many hosts and its reproductive capacity on each host genotype is predicted to limit the evolution of an expanded host range, yet few empirical results provide evidence for the magnitude of such trade-offs. Here, we test the hypothesis for a trade-off between the number of host genotypes that a fungal pathogen can infect (host genotype range) and its reproductive capacity on susceptible plant hosts. We used strains of the oat crown rust fungus that carried widely varying numbers of virulence (avr) alleles known to determine host genotype range. We quantified total spore production and the expression of four pathogen life-history stages: infection efficiency, time until reproduction, pustule size, and spore production per pustule. In support of the trade-off hypothesis, we found that virulence level, the number of avr alleles per pathogen strain, was correlated with significant delays in the onset of reproduction and with smaller pustule sizes. Modeling from our results, we conclude that trade-offs have the capacity to constrain the evolution of host genotype range in local populations. In contrast, long-term trends in virulence level suggest that the continued deployment of resistant host lines over wide regions of the United States has generated selection for increased host genotype range.