cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Identities of Taxonomically Confused Moths of the Eucosma agricolana Group and Description of a New Species (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae)

Four North American taxa are discussed based on external appearance and genitalia of 13–58 specimens per taxon, including all pertinent types. The currently used names Eucosma pergandeana pergandeana Fernald and E. p. flavana Fernald are synonymous and invalid. Both are made junior synonyms of E. agricolana argentialbana (Walsingham), the eastern segment of a transcontinental form whose western segment is E. agricolana agricolana (Walsingham). All above-mentioned names are predated by E. ochreana (Clemens), a nomen oblitum. Size of E. agricolana agricolana varies directly with elevation of capture, a phenomenon consistent with Bergmann’s rule. Eucosma smithiana (Walsingham), now a misplaced junior synonym, is resurrected and E. argentialbana britana McDunnough is placed in its synonomy. Eucosma barbara , new species, is described from Minnesota and South Dakota. Lectotypes are designated for E. agricolana agricolana, E. agricolana argentialbana , and E. smithiana .
Addressing Common Student Technical Errors in Field Data Collection: An Analysis of a Citizen-Science Monitoring Project.

The scientific value of citizen-science programs is limited when the data gathered are inconsistent, erroneous, or otherwise unusable. Long-term monitoring studies, such as Our Project In Hawai’i’s Intertidal (OPIHI), have clear and consistent procedures and are thus a good model for evaluating the quality of participant data. The purpose of this study was to examine the kinds of errors made by student researchers during OPIHI data collection and factors that increase or decrease the likelihood of these errors. Twenty-four different types of errors were grouped into four broad error categories: missing data, sloppiness, methodological errors, and misidentification errors. “Sloppiness” was the most prevalent error type. Error rates decreased with field trip experience and student age. We suggest strategies to reduce data collection errors applicable to many types of citizen-science projects including emphasizing neat data collection, explicitly addressing and discussing the problems of falsifying data, emphasizing the importance of using standard scientific vocabulary, and giving participants multiple opportunities to practice to build their data collection techniques and skills.
Abstract IA01: New assays, old specimens: Multiplexing for plasma and urine.

A key concept in medical science is that by comparing DNA, RNA, or proteins from healthy and diseased individuals, insight can be gained into the etiology of disease leading to better diagnostics and therapeutics. In this context, biorepositories have long played a key role by allowing the accumulation of biological fluids and tissues from large numbers of individuals for longitudinal or cross-sectional comparisons. Approaches to understanding human disease are based on the central dogma that information flow in living systems is from DNA to RNA to protein. At all levels, aberrations could indicate either the presence of disease or suggest underlying mechanisms of disease. However, historically DNA and RNA have been more useful for identifying risk of disease than the presence of disease, except in surgical specimens. Proteins in biological fluids [blood, urine, aspirates, etc.] have played a more prominent role in diagnostics. Indeed given that proteins are in essence the effectors of gene expression a long held goal has been to associate specific proteins in peripheral circulation that indicate the presence of disease, e.g. biomarkers of disease, especially early disease before the appearance of symptoms or other clinical indicators. This presentation will focus on issues associated with the use of biorepository fluids in this context. Three issues are fundamental: 1) specimen volume is limited and precious, 2) specimen processing requirements are not known a'priori, and 3) analytical targets are often not precisely defined. Limited specimen volume is an inherent problem because each blood draw represents a discrete end point. Unlike nucleic acids, proteins are subject to numerous post-translational biological modifications and to extensive, often rapid, degradation post specimen collection. These issues drive method development and validation, ultimately determining the amount and quality of data that can be obtained from biorepository specimens. Protein analytical methods will be reviewed from this perspective with emphasis on recent developments in multi-analyte systems and newer, highly sensitive methods. Citation Format: Patrick M. Sluss. New assays, old specimens: Multiplexing for plasma and urine. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Post-GWAS Horizons in Molecular Epidemiology: Digging Deeper into the Environment; 2012 Nov 11-14; Hollywood, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012;21(11 Suppl):Abstract nr IA01.
Problems and Countermeasures in Pediatric Clinical Clerkship under the Condition of High Medical Risk

Some countermeasures were proposed in order to improve the effect of the clinical clerkship after analyzing the current situation of pediatric clinical clerkship: medical ethics learning and risk awareness training should be insisted in the whole process of medical students' training;carrying out the real simulation at first;strengthening professional skills study,enhancing self-confidence;further improving the public's understanding to the clinical clerkship;paying more attention to the cultivation of humanistic spirit.
Fragile health status of Latino patients with diabetes seen in the emergency department of an urban, safety-net hospital.

OBJECTIVE: Patients with diabetes presenting to safety-net emergency departments (ED) represent an at-risk population with limited resources and significant medical and social needs. We conducted a needs assessment of this group evaluating its demographic composition, health status, attitudes and beliefs about diabetes self-care and utilization of health maintenance services. We hypothesized that decreased self-efficacy and primary care use would correlate with higher glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Consecutive patients with a known history of diabetes seen in an urban, safety-net ED completed a 102-item questionnaire and had HbA1C measured. The questionnaire was developed using elements of the transtheoretical model of behavior change and self-efficacy theory. RESULTS: In 230 patients enrolled, mean age was 53 years and HbA1C was 8.8%. The overwhelming majority were Hispanic, low-income, and Spanish-speaking. Major depression was common (34% prevalence). By the transtheoretical model, 81.8% demonstrated advanced readiness to change (preparation/ action stages). HbA1C varied with self-efficacy as the least empowered quartile had the highest HbA1C (9.3%) while progressively higher quartiles had lower HbA1C (9.2%, 8.3%, 8.5%, P = .03 for trend). Only 69% reported having a primary care provider (PCP) and only 3% received all ADA recommended health maintenance services. Patients with a PCP had lower HbA1C than those without a PCP (7.6% vs. 9.5%, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS: In this study of largely Latino patients seen in an urban county ED, we observed extremely poor glycemic control, low diabetes-specific knowledge, high rates of major and severe major depression, low self-efficacy and unacceptably low rates of primary care and preventive health service utilization. Ethn Dis . 2013;23[1]:49–55
Medical readiness: evaluating the robustness of medical clinic staffing solutions

Medical readiness requires Department of Defense medical clinics to be robust to changes in patient demand. Minor fluctuations in patient demand occur on a regular basis, but major increases can also occur. Major demand increases can result from a number of occurrences, including mass military deployments, medical incidents, outbreaks, and overflow from Veterans’ Affairs clinics. This research evaluates a system of clinics at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in order to determine its ability to handle a 200% surge in patient demand. In addition, this study evaluates the relative effectiveness of six different staffing mix options to minimize patient wait times, also under the surge demand conditions. This evaluation is conducted using discrete-event simulation to estimate patient wait times and includes a sensitivity analysis of the increased patient demand, as well as a cost–benefit analysis to determine the most cost-effective alternative scenario. The study finds that adjustments to staffing mix enable ...
An Application of Conformal Mapping to a Three-Dimensional Unsteady Heat Conduction Problem

This paper deals with an unsteady-state three-dimensional heat conduction problem in a prismatic body which has a complicated boundary shape. Numerical techniques such as a relaxation method must be used to solve a problem of this type; this method, however, requires unusually large amounts of labour. The method used in this paper consists of the application of conformal mapping and numerical solution of a partial differential equation and is applied first to a prismatic body of square cross section for which the exact solution is well known. As a second application, the approximate solution for a problem involving a star-shaped cross section is presented.
Prostate cancer: Why the prostate arm of the PLCO trial failed and what it has taught us.

Given a recent update from the PLCO trial reporting that over 90% of men in the 'usual care' arm underwent some degree of PSA testing, the PLCO can no longer accurately be called a trial of screening versus no screening — nor can it be included as such in meta-analyses or guideline statements.
Dynamic Regulation for Innovation

A large consensus in the literature suggests that law has a diminishing capacity to react to innovation. After summarizing the commonalities between the law and technology literature and the literature on dynamic regulation in the analysis of the so-called pacing problem between regulation and innovation, the chapter evaluates proposed remedies for the pacing problem and distinguishes dynamic regulatory remedies.
Teaching an Old Dog New Tricks: Past, Present, and Future Priorities For Higher Education Physical Activity Programs

ABSTRACTPhysical education programs in colleges/universities have been called on to provide students with opportunities to develop an appreciation for, and increase participation in, lifetime physical activity. Higher Education Physical Activity Programs (HEPAPs) have evolved over the past 100 years in response to changing societal and institutional expectations. The purpose of this article is to celebrate the long history of HEPAPs and recommend innovative strategies for program development that will maintain their position as a valued aspect of campus life. After tracing the historical roots and trends of HEPAPs, the authors suggest (a) adopting a public health perspective, (b) applying theoretical models as a framework for program development, (c) focusing on meaningful learner engagement, and (d) employing learner-centered instructional approaches. Within these overall themes, specific recommendations for program improvement are provided, including the use of alternative content areas, model-based ins...
The Skin as a Route of Allergen Exposure: Part II. Allergens and Role of the Microbiome and Environmental Exposures

This second part of the article aims to highlight recent contributions in the literature that enhance our understanding of the cutaneous immune response to allergen. Several properties of allergens facilitate barrier disruption and cutaneous sensitization. There is a strong epidemiologic relationship between the microbiome, both the gut and skin, and atopic dermatitis (AD). The mechanisms connecting these two entities remain enigmatic; however, recent murine models show that commensal skin bacteria play an active role in supporting skin barrier homeostasis and defense against microbial penetration. Likewise, the association between the lack of colonization with Staph species and AD development suggests a potentially functional role for these organisms in regulating the skin barrier and response to environmental allergens. In undisrupted skin, evidence suggests that the cutaneous route may promote allergen tolerance. Properties of environmental allergens and commensal bacteria add to the complex landscape of skin immunity. Further investigation is needed to elucidate how these properties regulate the cutaneous immune response to allergen.
Putting Social Referencing and Social Appraisal Back Together Again

We are encouraged by the attention paid to fundamental aspects relating to the interpersonal functions of emotion. In continuing this discussion, we consider two arguments used to distinguish social referencing and social appraisal, namely the role of ostension and the absence of prior appraisals of the individual. We contend that neither element is essential to social referencing.
Contemporary Art and the Post- 1989 Art World

Since the expansion period of the neoliberal capitalist economy in the late 1980s, contemporary art production and circulation have experienced unprecedented changes as contradictory as the contemporary socio-economic system. Since 1989 –date that officially marked the end of the cold war when the Berlin wall that separated the communist and capitalist worlds came down–the art world has a growing commitment to presenting a narrative of contemporary art that emphasizes its character intrinsically tied to transnational capital. This article points to these developments and argues that the institutional art world is not homogenous–neither globally nor nationally. Contemporary art practices are as uneven and internally incoherent within the art world system as much as outside of it. For example, we cannot put the Istanbul Biennial, Venice Biennale, Havana Biennial, and the Tirana Biennial on the same scale because their extent, audience, and ideological concerns are not the same. Each biennial has a different dialogical relationship with its local art community that affects the level of its integration to international currents. Drawing on the experience of researching the artworks and the art biennials for a decade, this paper evaluates some significant shifts that are taking place, in and as a result of the globalization of contemporary art.
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in Zebrafish Development

The importance of extracellular matrix proteins in the development of chick, frog, and mouse embryos has been recognized for decades. Accordingly, with the emergence of zebrafish as a genetic and developmental model system, there has been a steady increase in the number of studies showing developmental roles for matrix proteins, their receptors, and their modifying enzymes. The goal of this chapter is to highlight some of the extracellular matrix and interacting proteins present in the developing zebrafish embryo and discuss examples of morphogenetic processes requiring extracellular matrix protein expression, assembly, and turnover.
Free-Operant Escape-Avoidance with Sequential Warning Stimuli II: Effects Of Differential Signal Order Reversal, Extinction, Signal Elimination, and Punishment

Three rats were trained on a multiple continuous escape-avoidance with warning stimuli; continuous escape-avoidance without warning stimuli schedule. During the warning stimuli (WS) components, three 5-sec duration, auditory and visual WS were provided (S1, S2, and S3). When the WS order was scrambled, each rat still emitted the majority of its response in the presence of a particular WS. Elimination of avoidance capability (extinction) produced maintained responding to all WS. Presentation of only one WS produced an increase in responding during its presence. Punishment of responding in the presence of a particular WS produced response suppression during that interval and those after but not before it. In general, the data support the “WS as aversive” view (two-factor theory), but also lend support to the “WS as SD” position. Apparently, a WS may serve simultaneously as both a conditioned aversive stimulus and an SD, thus providing a negative reinforcement analogue to the conjunctive conditioned reinforcer and SD functions that stimuli provide in appetitive situations.
Health-Promoting Phytochemicals from 11 Mustard Cultivars at Baby Leaf and Mature Stages

Mustard is a Brassica vegetable that provides a number of phytonutrients. However, the phytonutrient profile of mustard has been relatively limited. We analyzed the glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, carotenoids, total anthocyanin and phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacity of the leaves of 11 mustard cultivars grown in a greenhouse at the baby leaf and mature stages. An aliphatic glucosinolate sinigrin and its hydrolysis products allyl isothiocyanate and 1-cyano-2,3-epithiopropane were the major phytonutrients in the mustard leaves. Carotenoids β-carotene, lutein, violaxanthin, and neoxanthin were detected. We found phytonutrient concentration and their change with plant growth were cultivar-dependent. The %RDA value for vitamin A calculated using β-carotene content and retinol activity equivalents suggests that mustard cultivars used in this study can be a good source of vitamin A. Phenolic contents and antioxidant capacity also varied among cultivars and between physiological stages. Our results suggest that mustard leaves are rich in various phytochemicals and their composition depends on cultivar and the physiological stage. This is the first report on phytochemical composition in various mustard cultivars at different physiological stages.
Verbal Aggression in Romantic Relationships: The Influence of Family History, Destructive Beliefs About Conflict, and Conflict Goals

This article aimed to achieve two complimentary goals. First, this study examined verbal aggression in romantic relationships as a function of exposure to family verbal aggression in childhood and beliefs about the destructive nature of conflict. Second, this study considered the influence of conflict goals on the use of verbal aggression in romantic relationships. As predicted, history of family verbal aggression was negatively associated with destructive beliefs about conflict, and destructive beliefs about conflict partially mediated the association between history of family verbal aggression and verbal aggression in current romantic relationships. In addition, destructive beliefs about conflict were negatively associated with verbal aggression in current romantic relationships at high levels of importance of revenge-motivated goals; destructive beliefs about conflict were not significantly associated with verbal aggression in current romantic relationships at moderate or low levels of revenge-motivate...
Plateletpheresis: Nonoperative Management of Symptomatic Carotid Thrombosis in a Patient with Reactive Thrombocytosis.

Background The most common pathology associated with an intraluminal carotid thrombus is underlying atherosclerosis. In rare cases, it may be associated with thrombocytosis. Currently there are no clear recommendations for the treatment of ischemic stroke associated with thrombocytosis. Our present case illustrates the use of plateletpheresis for the acute management of thrombocytosis complicated by an internal carotid artery thrombus resulting in a right middle cerebral artery stroke. Case Description A 55-year-old female who presented with symptoms of acute, transient left hemiparesis and a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 1. Initial head computed tomography (CT) scan was nonrevealing. Laboratory results revealed a mild hypochromic anemia and a platelet count of 1014 × 103/mL. The patient was not a candidate for thrombolytic therapy due to the time window. Soon after admission, she experienced acute worsening of symptoms, with an NIHSS score of 18. CT angiography of the head and neck showed acute ischemic infarction involving the right middle cerebral artery territory with a nonocclusive intraluminal thrombus within the right carotid bulb. Aspirin 325 mg and intravenous heparin infusion were initiated. After a thorough workup, reactive thrombocytosis secondary to iron deficiency anemia was diagnosed. Plateletpheresis was started, and after 1 cycle the platelet count stabilized at 400 × 103/mL. Complete thrombus resolution was confirmed on follow-up CT angiography on day 10 after admission without the need for surgical revascularization. Conclusions The role for plateletpheresis in treating secondary thrombocytosis is not well established. In cases with extreme thrombocytosis, immediate surgical thrombectomy may be contraindicated owing to a high risk of rethrombosis. Urgent cytoreduction with correction of the putative mechanism for thrombocytosis should be undertaken to provide optimal management.
Gabapentin for the Treatment of Vulvodynia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective To evaluate whether extended-release gabapentin is more effective than placebo among women with vulvodynia. Methods In a multicenter double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized crossover trial, gabapentin (1,200-3,000 mg/d) was compared with a placebo. The primary outcome was mean pain intensity (0, no pain at all to 10, worst pain ever) on the tampon test (a standardized tampon insertion and removal test used as a surrogate marker for dyspareunia) during the last 7 days of the maintenance phase. Secondary outcomes included sexual intercourse pain and daily pain. A sample size of 53 provided 90% power to detect a 1-point reduction on the tampon test (.05 level, two-sided) between the two treatment phases. Results From August 2012 to January 2016, 230 women were screened at three academic institutions and 89 (mean age 37 years; 65% black) were randomized: 45 to gabapentin first and then placebo and 44 to placebo first and then gabapentin. Tampon test pain with gabapentin was not different compared with the placebo (adjusted mean 4.0, 95% CI 3.0-4.9 vs 4.3, 95% CI 3.4-5.2, difference -0.3, 95% CI -0.7 to 0.0; P=.07). Gabapentin also did not improve pain over placebo for sexual intercourse pain (adjusted mean 3.9, 95% CI 2.4-5.3 vs 4.0, 95% CI 2.5-5.4, difference -0.1, 95% CI -0.9 to 0.6; P=.76) and daily pain (adjusted mean 2.7, 95% CI 1.8-3.6 vs 2.9, 95% CI 2.0-3.8, difference -0.2, 95% CI -0.5 to -0.2; P=.36). Subset analyses found that longer pain duration and oral contraceptive nonuse were associated with minimal improvement in tampon test pain with gabapentin. Conclusion In this cohort, extended-release gabapentin, as compared with a placebo, did not reduce tampon test pain. These data do not support the recommendation of gabapentin alone as treatment for vulvodynia. Clinical trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT01301001.
Photovoltaics and Nanotechnology as Alternative Energy

The combustion of conventional energy sources such as fossil fuels is linked to global climate change. The extraction, transportation, and supply of fuels based on fossil are also associated to local and regional geo-political and economic instability, and concerns over socio-economic sustainability in various parts of the world. Therefore, there is a strong push to enhance use of renewable energy without impacting economic growth. Further, it is becoming increasingly more important to utilize and incorporate renewable energy to meet ever increase world power consumption. The use of photovoltaics as a renewable solar energy has gained greater attention since 1990s. According to International Energy Agency (IEA), solar photovoltaics are expected to become the world largest producer of energy by contributing >15% to the global demand by 2050. Although more extensive reviews are available in the literature, in this mini-review we discuss various available alternative energy sources, and provide history, development, and characterization of photovoltaic devices (including first-, second- and third-generation photovoltaic devices with different chalcogenide materials). Emphasis is given to recent developments in the area of photovoltaic devices including Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and perovskite-based photovoltaics. The wide applications of photovoltaics in residential (>200 GW), construction (BIPV module), and space industry have also been reviewed in this article.
Efficient WiFi-based indoor localization using particle swarm optimization

Location based services are rapidly gaining popularity in various mobile applications. Such services rely particularly on the capability to accurately determine the location of the user. Several techniques are already available to provide localization for static or mobile applications, GPS being the most popular. However, due to some limitations of GPS such as low accuracy, unavailability in indoor environments and lower signal quality in urban areas with high rise buildings, complementary solutions are essential to offer satisfactory service at all places all the time. This paper demonstrates the use of a widely available WiFi networking infrastructure for accurate and low-cost indoor localization. Most existing WiFi-based localization approaches employ radio signal strength indicator (RSSI) fingerprinting technique, which requires a great deal of pre-deployment effort. Our swarm-inspired optimization algorithm applies a simpler and efficient technique based on the radio propagation model of the wireless signal. The proposed technique is evaluated in simulation and is demonstrated to achieve excellent average localization error of about 4 meters in an area of 50 × 50 square meters, under noisy RSSI measurements.
The Valuation Effects of Private Placements of Public Corporations' Common Stock

Outside shareholders should benefit when the firm issues common stock through a private placement. Our propositions are (1) that the private issue of common equity creates a value-maximizing insider that has the incentive and ability to monitor and discipline, and thereby reduce agency costs and (2) investors can reduce uncertainty about the value of thinly traded stock by observing the share price negotiated by the well-informed buyer. Both of these benefits are especially applicable to small firms. Our empirical evidence supports hypotheses based on these propositions.
Content Analysis of Cognitive Bias: Development of a Standardized Measure

The purpose of this research was to develop a standardized content analytic measure of cognitive bias as conceptualized in Beck's (1987) cognitive theory of depression. In a pilot study it was determined that a written stimulus format was preferable to an audiotaped stimulus format with respect to comprehensibility. Valence and expectancy ratings collected in this pilot study also served as the basis for selection of items for the final measure, balancing positive and negative, expected and unexpected events. In study 2 open-ended written responses to questions about the main cause of each event, and the justifications for these attributions, were coded for indices of bias, defined (as in Cook & Peterson, 1986) as justifications that fail to cite covariation of the ascribed cause with the effect. Cognitive bias scores in Study 2 showed internal consistency (positive item-remainder correlations) and high interrater reliability. As predicted, justifications of attributions for expected events were more biased and less rational than were justifications of attributions for unexpected events.
Autism: Definition, Diagnosis, and Management

Recent investigations have exploded a number of misconceptions about autism. It is not a disease of the upper middle class; nor are parents etiologic agents; the children do not "tune out" but rather they never "tune in"; most important, autism is not childhood schizophrenia, and the diagnostic criteria are discriminating. Management of autism mandates close physician-family-community interactions.
A case for opportunistic embedded sensing in presence of hardware power variability

The system lifetime gains provided by the various power management techniques in embedded sensing systems are a strong function of the active and sleep mode power consumption of the underlying hardware platform. However, power consumption characteristics of hardware platforms exhibit high variability across different instances of the platform, diverse ambient conditions, and over passage of time. The factors underlying this variability include increased manufacturing variations and aging effects due to shrinking transistor geometries, and deployment of embedded devices in extreme environments. Our experimental measurements show that large variability in sleep mode power is already present in commonly used embedded processors, and technology trends suggest that the variability will grow even more over time and affect active mode power as well. Such variability results in suboptimal lifetime and service quality. We therefore argue for energy management approaches that learn and model the power characteristics of the specific instance of the hardware platform, and adapt accordingly.
Speaking "Educación" in Spanish: Linguistic and Professional Development in a Bilingual Teacher Education Program in the US-Mexico Borderlands.

This case study examines the pedagogical measures taken for Spanish development for a group of bilingual preservice teachers in a university-based teacher education program in Texas. Classroom language policies were developed collaboratively and deliberately throughout the semester, which included discussion and negotiation between instructor and students about the language demands and expectations. Following the language development of four bilingual pre-service teachers in their quest to speak educacion using discourse analysis, complexity and accuracy analysis, and critical narrative analysis, this study aims to highlight explicit experiences integrating content mastery and language development in a translanguaging university classroom. Implications include the need for horizontal language policies that foster effective cross-linguistic and pedagogical choices.
Hedgehog Signaling In NAFLD

The liver regulates lipid and energy homeostasis. Both processes are disrupted in the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Thus, it is not surprising that the MetS associates with nonalcoholic fatty liver di...
Abstract TP430: Early Neurological Improvement and Deterioration in Patients With Primary Intracerebral Hemorrhage Predicts 90-Day Functional Outcome: Analysis From ATACH-2 Trial

Background: The significance of early neurological improvement (ENI) and deterioration (END) in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is unclear. We sought to determine the prevalenc...
3D printed metamaterials for high-frequency applications

In this paper, we show the fabrication of metamaterials by 3D printing, metal coating and wet etching. We showcase 3D printed cylindrical metamaterial arrays with Terahertz frequency response around 200 GHz. We use two distinctive methods for metal coating - stamping and another involving sputtering followed by etching. We also represent a novel method of metamaterial fabrication by embedding metamaterial arrays in a curved parabolic substrate. This is achieved by simply printing a curved substrate followed by sanding and Polyurethane coating for smoothness. This followed by shadow printing metamaterial pattern using a stencil. Such a curved parabolic metamaterial shows both focusing and frequency selective performance around 100 GHz. Suite of fabrication approaches listed here will enable fabrication of complex 3D printed metamaterials for high frequency applications.
Inorganic Double-Helix Structures of Unusually Simple Lithium—Phosphorous Species.

The existence of double-helix structures in the series of LixPx (x = 5—9) clusters and in an infinite LiP chain are theoretical predicted by quantum chemical calculations using B3LYP and CCSD(T) methods.
Using still photography in making meaning of adult educators' teaching beliefs

AbstractPhotography as a research tool has been under-appreciated and marginally used in the field of education and even less so in adult education. An area, where photography has potential is in the exploration of teaching beliefs. Teaching beliefs are important concepts when attempting to understand teacher thinking, thought processes and classroom practices. However, they are at times difficult for participants to articulate, particularly since they often operate on a tacit or subconscious level. Still photography offers a means of addressing these concerns, by helping elicit often hidden beliefs about teaching. In particular, two techniques, auto-photography and photo-elicitation help address some of the challenges found when trying to make meaning of teaching beliefs. This article will illustrate photography's potential through a review of related literature and a discussion of implications associated with the use of still photography in the exploration of teaching beliefs of adult educators.
Multilevel Incremental Roadmap Spanners for Reactive Motion Planning

Generating robot motions from a precomputed graph has proven to be an effective approach to solving many motion planning problems. After their generation, roadmaps reduce complex motion planning problems to that of solving a graph-based shortest path. However, generating the graph can involve tradeoffs, such as how sparse or dense to make the graph. Sparse graphs may not provide enough options to navigate around a new obstacle or may result in grossly suboptimal motions. Dense graphs may take too long to search and result in an unresponsive robot. In this paper we present an algorithm that generates a graph with multiple sparse levels– the sparsest level can be searched quickly, while the densest level allows for asymptotically optimal motions. With the paired multilevel shortest path algorithm, after the robot computes an initial solution, it can then incrementally refine the shortest-path as time allows. We demonstrate the algorithms on an articulated robot with 8 degrees of freedom, having them compute an initial solution in a fraction of the time required for a full graph search, and subsequently, incrementally refine the solution to the optimal shortest path from the densest level of the graph.
Uncovering a positive and negative spatial autocorrelation mixture pattern: a spatial analysis of breast cancer incidences in Broward County, Florida, 2000-2010

Spatial cancer data analyses frequently utilize regression techniques to investigate associations between cancer incidences and potential covariates. Model specification, a process of formulating an appropriate model, is a well-recognized task in the literature. It involves a distributional assumption for a dependent variable, a proper set of predictor variables (i.e., covariates), and a functional form of the model, among other things. For example, one of the assumptions of a conventional statistical model is independence of model residuals, an assumption that can be easily violated when spatial autocorrelation is present in observations. A failure to account for spatial structure can result in unreliable estimation results. Furthermore, the difficulty of describing georeferenced data may increase with the presence of a positive and negative spatial autocorrelation mixture, because most current model specifications cannot successfully explain a mixture of spatial processes with a single spatial autocorrelation parameter. Particularly, properly accounting for a spatial autocorrelation mixture is challenging. This paper empirically investigates and uncovers a possible spatial autocorrelation mixture pattern in breast cancer incidences in Broward County, Florida, during 2000–2010, employing different model specifications. The analysis results show that Moran eigenvector spatial filtering provides a flexible method to examine such a mixture.
Awakened Leaders and Conscious Followers: Leading Mindful Change

This chapter describes awakened leaders as positive leaders, who are mindful of their experiences in life, as these molded them into the wakeful person they became. Elements of authentic, situational, servant, and transformational leadership are at the foundation of the awakened leadership approach, along with a strong emphasis on responsibility-based qualities, such as morals and values, respect, compassion, courage, deep listening, passion, spiritual connection, and change. The chapter subsequently discusses a critical stakeholder group: followers, emphasizing their influence in the process of accomplishing a common goal. Different types of followers are reviewed, with the aim to demonstrate the need for flexible leadership behaviors, based on the readiness and capabilities of these followers. The chapter subsequently looks into mindfulness and its influence on change-readiness. The difference between change and transition is highlighted to help the reader understand the needed steps to acquire follower support. As an illustration of awakened leadership in real life, the case of Geoffrey Canada, educator, social activist, author, and president of the Harlem Children’s Zone (HCZ), is presented.
Pulse Coupled Oscillator Networks

In a seminal 1990 work (SIAM J Appl Math 50:1645–1662, 1990), Mirollo and Strogatz posed a general analytical framework for pulse coupled oscillator systems as a behavioral model for Southeast Asian Fireflies that has subsequently been extensively studied in the fields of mathematics, physics, and non-linear dynamics. The system assumes a network ofN oscillators which interact through impulsive coupling, representing the “firing” of a firefly. Each oscillator with indexj has an internal state that can be represented by a phase variableϕ j (t), which increases in time at a constant rate\({{\phi }_{j}}\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }=\text{ }\!\!~\!\!\text{ }1+{{\delta }_{j}}\), where the parameter\(\left| {{\delta }_{j}} \right|\) models variability in the natural oscillation period of oscillatorj in the absence of coupling.
The Influence of Tax and Nontax Factors on Banks' Choice of Organizational Form

This paper identifies tax and nontax factors that influence commercial banks' conversion from taxable C‐corporation to nontaxable S‐corporation from 1997 to 1999, after a 1996 tax‐law change allowed banks to convert to S‐corporations for the first time. We find that banks are more likely to convert when conversion saves dividend taxes, avoids alternative minimum taxes, and minimizes state income taxes. Banks are less likely to convert when conversion restricts access to equity capital, nullifies corporate tax loss carryforwards, and creates potential penalty taxes on unrealized gains existing at the conversion date. Banks with significant deferred tax assets are less likely to convert, presumably because the write‐off of deferred taxes at conversion decreases regulatory capital and exposes the bank to costly regulatory intervention. We also investigate the strategic choices banks make before converting to S‐corporations. Converting banks alter their capital structures, deliberately sell appreciated assets...
Seasonal overturn and stratification changes drive deep-water warming in one of Earth’s largest lakes

Most of Earth’s fresh surface water is consolidated in just a few of its largest lakes, and because of their unique response to environmental conditions, lakes have been identified as climate change sentinels. While the response of lake surface water temperatures to climate change is well documented from satellite and summer in situ measurements, our understanding of how water temperatures in large lakes are responding at depth is limited, as few large lakes have detailed long-term subsurface observations. We present an analysis of three decades of high frequency (3-hourly and hourly) subsurface water temperature data from Lake Michigan. This unique data set reveals that deep water temperatures are rising in the winter and provides precise measurements of the timing of fall overturn, the point of minimum temperature, and the duration of the winter cooling period. Relationships from the data show a shortened winter season results in higher subsurface temperatures and earlier onset of summer stratification. Shifts in the thermal regimes of large lakes will have profound impacts on the ecosystems of the world’s surface freshwater. This study presents hourly data from a thermistor string in Lake Michigan, inspecting its response at depth to surface warming. Based on the data, the study suggests bottom lake temperatures respond to changes in turnover and re-stratification, with the ultimate possibility of the lake shifting from dimictic to monomictic.
Mineral nutrition of the beef cow to impact immunologic response

The role of minerals in beef cattle diets continues to be a strong area of interest for producers, veterinarians and scientists. Minerals are required for a variety of metabolic functions including the immune system's response to pathogenic challenges. Maintaining the immune response through proper mineral supplementation may have a positive impact on herd health and ultimately, profitability of cow-calf operations. However, mineral supplementation strategies quickly become complex because of differences in forage mineral bioavailability, interactions among minerals which can inhibit mineral absorption, and difficulty in easily assessing cow mineral status. The effects of copper, zinc, cobalt and chromium on the immune system are the primary focus of this paper.
Methamphetamine in Orthopaedics: Considerations of an At-Risk Population.

» Methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients has risen to epidemic proportions. » Perioperative methamphetamine use by orthopaedic trauma patients requires physicians to consider both medical and psychosocial factors during treatment. » Behavioral and psychosocial effects of methamphetamine use present barriers to care. » Patients who use methamphetamine face elevated rates of complications.
Differential organization of open field behavior in mice following acute or chronic simulated GCR exposure.

Abstract Astronauts undertaking deep space travel will receive chronic exposure to the mixed spectrum of particles that comprise Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCR). Exposure to the different charged particles of varied fluence and energy that characterize GCR may impact neural systems that support performance on mission critical tasks. Indeed, growing evidence derived from years of terrestrial-based simulations of the space radiation environment using rodents has indicated that a variety of exposure scenarios can result in significant and long-lasting decrements to CNS functionality. Many of the behavioral tasks used to quantify radiation effects on the CNS depend on neural systems that support maintaining spatial orientation and organization of rodent open field behavior. The current study examined the effects of acute or chronic exposure to simulated GCR on the organization of open field behavior under conditions with varied access to environmental cues in male and female C57BL/6 J mice. In general, groups exhibited similar organization of open field behavior under dark and light conditions. Two exceptions were noted: the acute exposure group exhibited significantly slower and more circuitous homeward progressions relative to the chronic group under light conditions. These results demonstrate the potential of open field behavior organization to discriminate between the effects of select GCR exposure paradigms.
Development of Theoretical Models for Nondestructive Testing Eddy-Current Phenomena

Eddy-current methods of nondestructive testing rely for their operation on the interaction of induced alternating currents and fields with defects to produce noticeable changes in search coil impedance. To date, analytical techniques have been largely ineffective in providing a model suitable for the basis of a general defect characterization scheme because of the inherent complexity of the field equations describing the phenomena. After an overview of the available analytical models, this paper describes the development of a numerical model that shows promise of providing a solution to the inverse eddy-current problem. Impedance plane trajectories are predicted for a differential probe passing through a tube with axisymmetric inside-diameter and outside-diameter slots to illustrate the use of the numerical approach.
Data Compatibility in a Heterogeneous Processor Environment

Because the Ada language does not require a particular representation of data at the machine level, Ada compilers targeted to different computer architectures can and do generate different object sizes and composite object layouts (i.e., field ordering and alignment) for the same type declarations. This, coupled with the possibility of differing floating point representations or inconsistent treatment of integer byte sex, presents a data compatibility problem for distributed applications targeted to a heterogeneous processor environment.
On a technique for inferring sizes of stellar active regions

Our preliminary results indicate that sunspots lead associated plages by an amount that is directly proportional to the plage area. Our next step will be to digitize a series of spectroheliograms to better calibrate this relation. We also plan to examine other solar data sets as proxies for spot and plage signals to better determine whether a phase lag is measureable from stellar-like observations of the Sun, and thus, whether suitable observations of solar-type stars could yield information concerning areas of stellar active regions.
Voronoi Diagrams for Polygon-Offset Distance Functions

In this paper we develop the concept of a polygon-offset distance function and show how to compute the respective nearest- and furthest-site Voronoi diagrams of point sites in the plane. We provide optimal deterministic O(n(log n + log m) + m)-time algorithms, where n is the number of points and m is the complexity of the underlying polygon, for computing compact representations of both diagrams.
Wafer bonding of Si with dissimilar materials

Wafer bonding provides a high degree of flexibility in material integration. However, the major concerns of Si wafer bonding with dissimilar materials are their thermal mismatch and the bubble generation during the annealing process. The former requires the annealing temperature as low as possible to achieve a sufficiently high bond energy. The latter depends on the removal of hydrocarbon contaminants from the mating surfaces prior to bonding. We have employed the described low temperature bonding approach in realizing bulk quality ultrathin SOI by an ion-implanted carbon etch stop, single crystal ultrathin Si on quartz or on glass and Si/ZnS.
The Angular Size Distribution of 4741 Radio Sources in the MIT-VLA Snapshot Archive

The MIT all-sky and VLA snapshot surveys are described, and the scientific results to date are summarized. The largest angular size distribution is given for 4741 MIT-VLA sources, and a Monte-Carlo algorithm is proposed to model the cosmological evolution of jets in radio-loud AGN. Further progress requires compiling redshifts for a complete sub-sample.
Working In, and Against, the Neo-Liberal State: Global Perspectives on K-12 Teacher Unions: Special Issue Introduction

The intention of this special issue is to draw together a range of interesting contributions that are able to situate developments in K-12 teacher unions at a time of momentous historical significance. The particular historical juncture in which we find ourselves presents huge threats both to the quality of public education and to teachers' working conditions-perhaps on a scale unprecedented in the lifetimes of most teachers, and certainly most students. However, within those threats there are also opportunities, and the contributions in this special issue are intended to help us understand and explore where such opportunities exist.