cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structures of Personality and Their Relevance to Psychopathology: II. Further Articulation of a Comprehensive Unified Trait Structure

There is increasing agreement that the current categorical system of personality disorders (PDs) in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 2000) should be replaced by a trait dimensional scheme in DSM-V. In particular, the consensus appears to be converging on a hierarchical Big Four model. The broad factors that form the apex of this hierarchy are essentially maladaptive variants of the Big Five traits of normal personality, minus Openness. We argue that this Big Four model is incomplete, however, in that it fails to model characteristics related to the "odd or eccentric" Cluster A PDs adequately. We report the results of three studies that examine these odd, eccentric characteristics in relation to basic dimensions of normal and abnormal personality. The results of these studies establish the existence of an Oddity factor that is (a) broader than the Cluster A traits and (b) distinct from Openness and the other Big Five dimensions. Consequently, its addition yields an alternative five-factor model of personality pathology (considering only abnormal traits) and an expanded, integrated Big Six taxonomy that subsumes both normal and abnormal personality characteristics.
Polyether Suppressors Enabling Copper Metallization of High Aspect Ratio Interconnects

Void-free bottom-up fill in aggressive interconnect geometries, i.e., aspect ratio exceeding 20, requires suppression stronger than that provided by the conventionally used poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Reported here are polarization studies of copper electrodeposition in the presence of several polyethers, which heretofore were not studied in the context of bottom-up fill. Several of these compounds (including polyoxyethylated β-naphthol and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether) exhibit superior inhibition, thus enabling the bottom-up fill of high aspect ratio features, which cannot be metallized by PEG. Plating experiments of high aspect ratio features confirm the advantage provided by this class of additives. A first-order scaling model that predicts the bottom-up fill efficacy of an additive system in terms of readily measured polarization parameters and the wafer geometry is also presented.
Purification and Characterization of Two Rat-Liver Microsomal Carboxylesterases (Hydrolase A and B)

The enzymatic hydrolysis of para-nitrophenylacetate by rat liver microsomes is predominantly catalyzed by two esterases: one with high affinity (Km approximately 25 microM) and one with low affinity (Km approximately 400 microM) for the substrate. Two kinetically distinct esterases were similarly detected in liver microsomes from mouse, hamster, guinea pig, rabbit, cat, cynomolgus monkey, and human, but only the high-affinity enzyme was detectable in dog liver microsomes. The tissue distribution of these kinetically distinct esterases was examined in rats. High-affinity (Km 20-35 microM esterase activity toward para-nitrophenylacetate was detected in testis, lung, prostate, and pancreas. The activity in testicular microsomes was comparable to that in liver microsomes. Low-affinity (Km 200-700 microM) esterase activity was detected in kidney, small intestine, lung, spleen, heart, and brain. The activity in kidney microsomes was comparable to that in liver microsomes. The high-affinity esterase in testicular and liver microsomes was highly sensitive to the inhibitory effects of phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), whereas the low-affinity esterase in kidney and liver microsomes was relatively resistant. These results suggested that rat liver microsomes contain two esterases with high activity toward para-nitrophenylacetate, a PMSF-sensitive esterase with high substrate affinity, and a PMSF-insensitive esterase with low substrate affinity. In support of the hypothesis, we have purified and characterized two esterases, designated hydrolases A and B, which appear be the only abundant enzymes in rat liver microsome that rapidly hydrolyze para-nitrophenylacetate. Hydrolase A hydrolyzed para-nitrophenylacetate with high affinity (Km approximately 25 microM), and was inhibited by extremely low concentrations of PMSF (IC50 approximately 100 nM). In contrast, hydrolase B hydrolyzed para-nitrophenylacetate with low affinity (Km approximately 400 microM) and was inhibited only by relatively high concentrations of PMSF (IC50 approximately 100 microM Paraoxon, the active metabolite of parathion, and cresylbenzodioxaphosphorin oxide, the active metabolite tri-ortho-tolylphosphate, completely inhibited the hydrolysis of pra-nitrophenylacetate by rat liver microsomes and by hydrolases A and B, whereas the sulfhydryl agent, para-chloromercurobenzoate, was not inhibition. These results suggest that hydrolases A and B are both serine esterases. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of hydrolases A and B were similar but distinct (23 the first 30 amino acid residues were identical), indicating that these two esterases are isozymes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Association of plasma C-reactive protein levels with the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease

C-reactive protein (CRP) participates in the systemic response to inflammation. Previous studies report inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between plasma CRP and Alzheimer's disease (AD). We measured plasma CRP in 203 subjects with AD, 58 subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 117 normal aging subjects and administered annual Mini-Mental State Examinations (MMSE) during a 3-year follow-up period to investigate CRP's relationship with diagnosis and progression of cognitive decline. Adjusted for age, sex, and education, subjects with AD had significantly lower levels of plasma CRP than subjects with MCI and normal aging. However, there was no significant association between plasma CRP at baseline and subsequent cognitive decline as assessed by longitudinal changes in MMSE score. Our results support previous reports of reduced levels of plasma CRP in AD and indicate its potential utility as a biomarker for the diagnosis of AD.
Separable Approximations to the Helium Trimer

We extend Blatt's and Lim's calculations for the energy of the helium trimer (4He)3, for a Herzfeld potential. We use the unitary pole approximation. We constrain the effective range and scattering lenght to values of 7.4 A and infinity, respectively. As the core radius increases from 0 to 2.8 A, the trimer energy increases monotonically from −97 to −59 millikelvin. The Yamaguchi potential gives a trimer energy of −123 mK. Two additional two-body parameters suffice to fit these, and earlier, calculations of the trimer energy: i.e., the expectation value of the kinetic energy for the dimer, and Sprung's wound integral Io. Separierbare Naherungen zum Heliumtrimer Wir erweitern Blatts und Lims Berechnungen der Energie des Heliumtrimers (4He)3 um ein Herzfeld-Potential unter Benutzung der unitaren Polapproximation. Der effektive Bereich und die Streulange werden jeweils auf 7,4 A und unendlich beschrankt. Wachst der Kernradius von 0 auf 2,8 A, steigt die Trimerenergie monoton von −97 auf −59 mK. Das Yamaguchi-Potential fuhrt zu einer Trimerenergie von −123 mK. Zwei zusatzliche Zwei-Korper-Parameter genugen, um hier vorliegende und fruhere Berechnungen der Trimerenergie anzupassen, d.h. den Erwartungswert der kinetischen Energie des Dimer und Sprungs Integral Io.
ATTRIBUTION OF ABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF CONSISTENCY OF INFORMATION ACROSS TIMES, TASKS, AND PERSONS: A BIAS TOWARD FAVORABLE ATTRIBUTIONS

Summary.-A test was conducted of hypotheses from Kelley's 1967 attribution theory. Stories were generated which conveyed information concerning the success or failure of a stimulus person at Time l/Task 1, at Time l/Task 2, at Time 2/Task 1, and the success or failure of another person at Time l/Task 1. Each of 160 subjects made attributions of abiliry for each condition in this 2 X 2 x 2 x 2 design. Main effects on attribution of ability occurred for all four variables and were generally supportive of the theory. Numerous two-way interactions, not predicted by the theory, suggested a bias toward favorable attributions. This bias resulted from a tendency to make attributions of high abiliry given inconsistent information and a reluctance to make negative attributions of ability unless multiple sources of negative information about the stimulus person's ability were in evidence. The positivity bias was not mediated by difficulty of the stimulus person's task but seemed to
Uncoupling of βIIPKC from its targeting protein RACK1 in response to ethanol in cultured cells and mouse brain

Protein kinase C (PKC) is involved in many neuroadaptive responses to ethanol in the nervous system. PKC activation results in translocation of the enzyme from one intracellular site to another. Compartmentalization of PKC isozymes is regulated by targeting proteins such as receptors for activated C kinase (RACKs). It is possible, therefore, that ethanol-induced changes in the function and compartmentalization of PKC isozymes could be due to changes in PKC targeting proteins. Here we study the response of the targeting protein RACK1 and its corresponding kinase βIIPKC to ethanol, and propose a novel mechanism to explain how ethanol modulates signaling cascades. In cultured cells, ethanol induces movement of RACK1 to the nucleus without affecting the compartmentalization of βIIPKC. Ethanol also inhibits βIIPKC translocation in response to activation. These results suggest that ethanol inhibition of βIIPKC translocation is due to miscompartmentalization of the targeting protein RACK1. Similar events occurre...
Pretreatment laparotomy in carcinoma of the cervix.

Abstract In cases of advanced carcinoma of the uterine cervix, control of regional pelvic disease is not always equated with survival. While early disease often does remain localized within the pelvis, more advanced cervical cancers are observed to metastasize to paraaortic nodes and to distant sites. This study reports a surgical protocol designed to define extent of disease in patients having invasive cervical carcinoma prior to administering primary radiation therapy. Three questions have been raised: (1) Which individual patients have disease outside the pelvis? (2) Is it possible to modify therapy to control disease outside the pelvis and thereby influence survival? (3) Are positive paraaortic nodes found at pretreatment laparotomy indicative of systemic spread of disease? This pretreatment laparotomy was done on 127 patients, 31 of whom were found to have positive paraaortic nodes (24.4%). Sixteen patients had metastatic disease within the peritoneal cavity. Standard pelvic radiotherapy was subsequently given, supplemented with a paraaortic field in those cases with positive paraaortic nodes. Survival was not significantly different in patients with or without paraaortic nodal disease. It was further noted that 17 of the 31 patients (54.8%) who had positive paraaortic nodes later had distant metastases (median time 8 months), compared to 2496 (25.0%) with negative nodes having a median time to metastases of 10 months.
Terahertz detection using on chip patch and dipole antenna-coupled GaAs High Electron Mobility Transistors

This paper presents high responsivity plasmonic terahertz (THz) power detectors operating at 0.3 THz. The detectors are implemented using 130 nm depletion mode InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic High Electron Mobility Transistors (pHEMT) with on chip patch and dipole antennas connected to the gate terminal. The measured absolute responsivity at room temperature is 7V/W, while the normalized responsivity with respect to the THz beam and physical antenna area is 8kV/W, with a noise equivalent power (NEP) of 9.1 pW/√(Hz). The paper also addresses the bias dependency of the signal to noise ratio (SNR), THz detector input impedance and the matching requirement for the connection between the antenna and input to the gate of the THz detector.
Resolution of the radial differential mobility analyzer for ultrafine particles

The resolution of the radial differential mobility analyzer (radial DMA) for particles in 3–60 nm diameter range is probed through tandem radial DMA measurements employing identical radial DMAs. The observed broadening of the range of transmitted particles with decreasing particle Peclet number was shown to be consistent with Stolzenburg's (1988, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota) model of diffusion broadening of the transfer function, although the broadening was somewhat greater than predicted. A similar, but smaller, deviation is seen in Stolzenburg's data obtained using a cylindrical DMA. The enhanced broadening is thought to result from flow disturbances within the DMA. Diffusional deposition of particles in the radial DMA for two different sheath flow rates correlated well with Pe^(-2/3), while electrophoretic particle losses in the transition from high voltage at the outlet of the DMA to grounded tubing are shown to be independent of the particle Peclet number. The latter effect is, however, small for the radial DMA. Consistent with observations previously made using cylindrical DMAs, the voltage corresponding to the peak in the number concentration is slightly higher for the second DMA than for the first one. This apparent decrease in mobility correlates with Pe^(−1).
Thermal conductivity of molten Na2SiO3 and CaNa4Si3O9

Abstract we have measured the thermal conductivity of two molten silicates using the transient hot-wire method developed by Nieto de Castro et al. (1976) and adapted for high temperature measurement by Snyder et al. (1994). The results for Na 2 SiO 3 and CaNa 4 Si 3 O 9 show the same strong temperature dependence as shown for CaMgSi 2 O 6 , with activation energies whose magnitudes are similar to those for viscous flow. As the effect of composition is comparable to that of temperature, we suggest that to model cooling of magmas, values of λ between 0.05 and 0.3 (W/mK) should be used.
Molecular composites made of ionic poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) and poly(4-vinylpyridine): Relaxation behavior

Molecular composites were prepared from several types of ionically modified, polyp-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) dispersed in a poly(4-vinylpyridine) matrix. Optical clarity tests indicated that the component polymers of the composite were miscible, at least at low concentrations of the rodlike reinforcement. In composites containing ionic PPTA, where ionic sulfonate groups were attached as side groups either to PPTA chains or to PPTA anion chains, the glass-transition temperature (T g ) was increased by 10 °C or more, at 5 wt % reinforcement. At concentrations of 10-15 wt % of the ionic polymer, T g values leveled off or decreased slightly. This suggested that some aggregation of the rigid-rod molecules occurred. In composites containing ionic PPTA, where the ionic sulfonate groups were directly attached to the phenylene rings of PPTA chains, not only was T g shifted significantly to higher temperatures, but the rubbery plateau modulus retained high values up to temperatures of 250 °C or above. Observed effects were considered to be the result of strong ionic interactions between the ionic reinforcement polymer and the polar matrix polymer. The possible effects of the counterion on T g and the storage modulus are discussed.
Distributed ice accretion sensor for smart aircraft structures

A distributed ice accretion sensor is presented, based on the concept of smart structures. Ice accretion is determined using spectral techniques to process signals from piezoelectric sensors integral to the airfoil skin. Frequency shifts in the leading edge structural skin modes are correlated to ice thickness. It is suggested that this method may be used to detect ice over large areas with minimal hardware. Results are presented from preliminary tests to measure simulated ice growth.
Optimization of class 2 tensegrity towers

This paper concerns the optimal mass-to-stiffness ratio design of class-2 tensegrity towers. For different loading scenarios, the procedure seeks the topology and geometry of the structure that yields an optimal design satisfying common constraints. The domain of feasible tensegrity geometries is defined by imposing tensegrity equilibrium conditions on both unloaded and loaded structure. Remaining constraints include strength constraints for all elements of the structure and buckling constraints for bars. The symmetry of the design is imposed by restricting the domain of geometric variables and element parameters. The static response of the structure is computed by using a nonlinear large displacement model. The problem is cast in the form of a nonlinear program. The influence of material parameters on the optimal shape of the structure is investigated.
BASE-SPECIFIC RECOGNITION OF THE NONTEMPLATE STRAND OF PROMOTER DNA BY E. COLI RNA POLYMERASE

Abstract RNA polymerase recognizes its promoters through base-specific interaction between defined segments of DNA and the σ subunit of the enzyme. This interaction leads to separation of base pairs and exposure of the template strand for RNA synthesis. We show that base-specific recognition by the σ 70 holoenzyme in this process involves primarily nontemplate strand bases in the −10 promoter region. We suggest that melting involves the persistence of these contacts as the bound duplex (closed) form is converted to the single-stranded (open) form of the enzyme-promoter complex.
Current‐voltage measurements on cholesteric liquid crystals

Measurements of the current–voltage behavior have been made on cholesteryl acetate, propionate, and stearate in the solid, liquid crystal, and isotropic liquid states to characterize conduction in cholesteric liquid crystals. A linear relation, I ∼ U, was observed below 40 V/cm and a quadratic relation, I ∼ U2, was observed between 60 and 5 × 104 V/cm. Excellent agreement between the experimental I–U curves and space-charge-limited current theory is noted. Analysis of the data according to this theory indicates, 1. the conduction is electronic rather than ionic, 2. effective mobilities vary between 1.5 and 8.0 cm2/Vs and carrier densities vary between 5 × 107 and 5 × 108/cm3 for the various esters between 25 and 125 °C, 3. effective mobility is exponentially dependent on temperature with an average mobility activation energy of 0.20 eV in the liquid states and 0.07 eV in the solid state. The conductivities calculated from these values of the carrier densities and mobilities agree with the conductivities measured directly. The same general current–voltage behavior was observed for all three cholesteryl esters in all three states. Des mesures de caracteristiques courant–tension ont ete effectuees sur l'acetate, le propionate et la stearate cholesterique, a l'etat de solide, de cristal liquide et de liquide isotrope pour caracteriser la conduction dans les cristaux liquides cholesteriques. Une relation lineaire I ∼ U a ete observee en dessous de 40 V/cm tandis qu'une relation quadratique I ∼ U2 a ete observee entre 60 et 5 × 104 V/cm. L'accord entre les courbes experimentales I–U et la theorie du courant limite par la charge d'espace est excellent. Une analyse des resultats a la lumiere de cette theorie indique que 1. la conduction est de type electronique plutǒt que ionique; 2. les mobilites effectives varient de 1,5 a 8,0 cm2/Vs et la densite des porteurs de 5 × 107 a 5 × 108/cm3 pour les differents esters entre 25 et 125 °C; 3. la variation de la mobilite effective avec la temperature est exponentielle, l'energie d'activation moyenne associee etant 0,20 eV pour les liquides et 0,07 eV pour les solides; les conductivites calculees a l'aide de ces valeurs des densites de porteurs et des mobilites sont en bon accord avec les conductivites mesurees directement. Le měme comportement general couranttension a ete observe pour les trois esters cholesteriques dans tous les trois etats.
Accelerated versus conventional fractionation in the postoperative irradiation of locally advanced head and neck cancer: influence of tumour proliferation.

Abstract Fifty-six patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma were subjected to adjuvant radiotherapy after radical surgery with randomisation to either conventional fractionation (CF), comprising 50 Gy/25 F/5 weeks, or to accelerated hyperfractionation (AHF) to a dose of 42 Gy/30 F/11 days (3 F/day), a dose/F of 1.4 Gy and an interfraction interval of 4 h. The in vitro [ 3 H]thymidine labelling index (TLI) was determined as an indicator of tumour proliferation. Early mucosal reactions were somewhat more severe after AHF than after CF and the peak was attained earlier. The actuarial 3-year complication rate was significantly lower in the AHF (64%) than in the CF group (87%). This is probably related to a smaller fraction size and a lower total dose. The overall 3-year disease-free survival amounted to 46 ± 7%. Sex, the anatomical site, the nodal status, the performance status and TLI have been shown to be significant prognostic factors, but only the latter two proved to be independent covariates. Overall, the type of fractionation did not seem to influence survival. However, AHF seemed to offer higher survival probabilities in fast growing tumours and this attained a significant level for tumours with TLI >; 10.4% ( T pot
A new wheel-slip protective scheme

IMPROVED wheel-slip and wheel-lock protection for diesel-electric locomotives is a subject which has received considerable attention in the past few years. The system here described was designed to meet the proposed specifications of the Association of American Railroads. Its operation is based upon comparison of voltages which are proportional to the speed of the axles being protected. It will operate at the required 5-mile-per-hour speed differential between axles and will correct slipping in the specified manner. A thermally operated delay relay provides protection against abnormal conditions, such as a locked wheel. An additional feature is the provision of wheel-slip indication during dynamic braking. Oscillograms taken in actual train operation indicate that the system performs successfully.
Impact of Event Scale Prediction of DSM-IV PTSD and Physical Symptoms in Gulf War Veterans

ABSTRACT This study examined the effectiveness of the Impact of Event Scale (IES; Horowitz, Wilner, & Alvarez, 1979) variables in detecting posttraumatic stress and physical symptoms in relevant groups of Gulf War veterans. A large sample of Gulf War veterans were administered the the IES, a semi-structured interview (PSS-I; Foa, Riggs, Dancu, & Rothbaum, 1993) on DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and a Physical Symptom Questionnaire from the National Center for PTSD Patient Medical Information Checklist (1993). This study utilized four groups of veterans: 1) a reserve control group of participants who were in a reserve unit during the Gulf War but not deployed to the Gulf; 2) a Gulf War control group of veterans who were deployed to the Gulf War but did not report any symptoms of PTSD; 3) a subclinical group of Gulf War veterans who reported 1–5 DSM-IV criteria for PTSD; and 4) a group of Gulf War veterans who met DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. ...
Dynamics of Bipedal Gait: Part II—Stability Analysis of a Planar Five-Link Biped

A general approach based on discrete mapping techniques is presented to study stability of bipedal locomotion. The approach overcomes difficulties encountered by others on the treatment of discontinuities and nonlinearities associated with bipedal gait. A five-element bipedal locomotion model with proper parametric formulation is considered to demonstrate the utility of the proposed approach. Changes in the stability of the biped as a result of bifurcations in the fourdimensional parameter space are investigated. The structural stability analysis uncovered stable gait patterns that conform to the prescribed motion. Stable non-symmetric locomotion with multiple periodicity was also observed, a phenomenon that has never been considered before. Graphical representation of the bifurcations are presented for direct correlation of the parameter space with the resulting walking patterns. The bipedal model includes some idealizations such as neglecting the dynamics of the feet and assuming rigid bodies. Some additional simplifications were performed in the development of the controller that regulates the motion of the biped.
CMOS handset power amplifiers: Directions for the future

While the present market for power amplifiers in wireless handsets is largely met by GaAs HBTs, CMOS technology can provide major advantages including high integration levels, scalability, and digital control. This paper reviews possible directions for future CMOS PA development including FET stacking, envelope tracking, digital predistortion, and new architectures based on digital control, that promise to add to the advantages of CMOS in LTE applications.
The dimensionality of the human visual evoked scalp potential

A small number of processes can account for most of the evoked potentials activity in the two subjects studied. Principal components analysis indicates that six independent processes can account for approximately 97% of the variability in the data. Moreover, the factor analysis and plots of the factor coefficients yield indications that the times during which these principal factors are active agree quite well with the times at which the equipotential maps show some organized activity. The question of dipoles being the underlying cause of the observed activity is not answered by the factor analysis. The principal factors are not unique, but models which have a small number of parameters are more justifiable in light of the results of this study.
Synthesis, Crystal Chemistry, and Electrical and Magnetic Properties of Sr3Fe2−xCoxO7−δ (0≤x≤0.8)

Abstract Sr3Fe2−xCoxO7−δ oxides crystallizing in a tetragonal perovskite-related intergrowth structure have been synthesized for 0≤x≤0.8 and characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, wet-chemical analysis, and electrical and magnetic measurements. The lattice parameters, oxygen content, and average oxidation state of iron and cobalt decrease with increasing Co content x. However, the samples show instability on exposure to ambient air for prolonged periods of time due to a possible reaction with H2O and CO2. Resistivity measurements indicate that the samples exhibit a semiconducting behavior at low temperatures (80≤T≤680 K) and the resistivity value decreases with increasing Co content. For T>680 K, the resistivity versus temperature plots exhibit a change in the sign of the slope from negative to positive due to oxygen loss at higher temperatures. Low-temperature resistivity data show an exponential temperature dependence of ρ∝exp(T0/T)ν with ν= 1 2 for samples with 0≤x≤0.25 and ν= 1 4 for samples with 0.6≤x≤0.8 suggesting a transition from activated carriers involving a coulomb gap to thermally activated hopping as the Co content increases. SQUID magnetometer measurements indicate a transition from antiferromagnetic behavior to weak ferromagnetic behavior as the Co content increases.
Muon-catalysed fusion revisited

Muons introduced into relatively cold, dense deuterium-tritium mixtures can replace the atomic electrons and form muonic molecules which participate readily in nuclear fusion reactions. Catalysis yields of ∼150 fusions per muon have been achieved, renewing interest in muon-catalysed fusion as a possible source of energy.
Malthus, Wages, and Preindustrial Growth

Gregory Clark argued in A Farewell to Alms that preindustrial societies, including England, were Malthusian. Day wages show incomes were trendless: as high in Europe in the medieval era as in 1800, even in England. The opposed view is that England and the Netherlands grew substantially from 1200 to 1800. Early day wages overestimate living standards. Here we show that preindustrial farm employment shares can be estimated from probate occupation reports. These imply only 60 percent employed in farming in England in 1560–1579 and 1653–1660, consistent with the high incomes indicated by wages. Day wages do measure preindustrial living standards.
A Novel mouse model of enhanced proteostasis: Full-length human heat shock factor 1 transgenic mice.

Research highlights: {yields} Development of mouse overexpressing native human HSF1 in all tissues including CNS. {yields} HSF1 overexpression enhances heat shock response at whole-animal and cellular level. {yields} HSF1 overexpression protects from polyglutamine toxicity and favors aggresomes. {yields} HSF1 overexpression enhances proteostasis at the whole-animal and cellular level. -- Abstract: The heat shock response (HSR) is controlled by the master transcriptional regulator heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). HSF1 maintains proteostasis and resistance to stress through production of heat shock proteins (HSPs). No transgenic model exists that overexpresses HSF1 in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS). We generated a transgenic mouse overexpressing full-length non-mutant HSF1 and observed a 2-4-fold increase in HSF1 mRNA and protein expression in all tissues studied of HSF1 transgenic (HSF1{sup +/0}) mice compared to wild type (WT) littermates, including several regions of the CNS. Basal expression of HSP70 and 90 showed only mild tissue-specific changes; however, in response to forced exercise, the skeletal muscle HSR was more elevated in HSF1{sup +/0} mice compared to WT littermates and in fibroblasts following heat shock, as indicated by levels of inducible HSP70 mRNA and protein. HSF1{sup +/0} cells elicited a significantly more robust HSR in response to expression ofmore » the 82 repeat polyglutamine-YFP fusion construct (Q82YFP) and maintained proteasome-dependent processing of Q82YFP compared to WT fibroblasts. Overexpression of HSF1 was associated with fewer, but larger Q82YFP aggregates resembling aggresomes in HSF1{sup +/0} cells, and increased viability. Therefore, our data demonstrate that tissues and cells from mice overexpressing full-length non-mutant HSF1 exhibit enhanced proteostasis.« less
Evaluation of cryogenic system test options for the OTV on-orbit propellant depot

Future space missions to geosynchronous, lunar, and planetary orbits will require an orbital depot for stockpiling propellants. This depot will provide long-term storage of cryogens, requiring new technologies for fluid management in microgravity and further development of thermal management technologies for minimization of cryogen boiloff. Preliminary evaluations have been made to define a test program approach for reducing technical risk through verifying performance models and building a base of engineering data for depot design. A number of testing options were defined and evaluated, leading to selection of ground testing combined with an orbital systems test. Ground testing is inadequate because of critical microgravity concerns; extending testing aboard the Space Station was eliminated because the data would not be available soon enough to benefit the propellant depot design. The orbital test would either be a short-term test carried out in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Orbiter using a nonhazardous cryogen or a longer term test carried out with hydrogen aboard a free-flying experiment orbited with an expendable launch vehicle.
The paths of musculoskeletal scaffold research leading to long-term effects.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Developing successful musculoskeletal scaffolds for specific tissue replacement has many challenges. Ideal scaffolds support the physiologic needs of the ingrowth tissue until new cells establish a matrix approximating the biomechanical properties of the original tissue or organ construct. Short- and long-term effects on matrix formation and surrounding tissue are critical for clinical applications. METHOD This is a review of scaffold development of alginate, fibrin, and poly glycolic and polylactic acid scaffolds by three laboratories. RESULTS Varied chain structures of alginate modified with an RGD-containing peptide sequence (G4RGDY) promotes cell multiplication. Given the proper mix of chain size and radiation used to reduce chain size, the adjusted rate of degradation showed no long-term effect at 21 weeks in vitro. To date, there are no long-term fibrin-based scaffold constructs. Plasmid DNA-laden 75:25 PLGA microspheres were able to have the microsphere incorporated into the polymer solution, resulting in sustained plasmid DNA release for more than 70 days without significant surrounding tissue effects. CONCLUSION Years of research on the same construct are required before long-term effects of tissue engineering scaffolds can be determined.
Early History of the Association for Symbolic Logic

The initial event, in the series which led to the establishing of the Journal of Symbolic Logic and of the Association for Symbolic Logic, was a conversation early in 1934 between C. J. Ducasse and C. A. Baylis at Brown University in room 112, Rhode Island Hall. Ducasse, in the Graduate School at Harvard in 1911, had had work in Symbolic logic with Josiah Royce, and had become much impressed with the potential importance of the subject. Baylis, years before at the University of Washington, had been the outstanding student in the logic course Ducasse was conducting there, and eventually joined Ducasse on the staff of the Philosophy Department at Brown.
A Model of Dynamics in the Lower Potomac River Estuary

A simple two-dimensional numerical model has been developed to represent the observed vertical structure of tidal and nontidal currents and tidal elevations along a reach of the lower Potomac River Estuary. The model is based on a linearized longitudinal momentum equation and a laterally averaged continuity equation. It incorporates the effects of a naturally varying channel cross-section through the continuity equation, and a seaward increase in density through the pressure gradient term in the momentum equation. The observed distribution of density in the reach is used to evaluate the horizontal pressure gradient relative to the water surface. The model utilizes a coefficient of vertical eddy viscosity which varies both vertically and longitudinally. With but two adjustable parameters associated with the eddy viscosity, good agreement is obtained between the computed and observed tidal and nontidal currents.
Effectors of amino acid transport processes in animal cell membranes

Various effectors, which act upon ion gradients, protein synthesis, membrane components or cellular functional groups, have been employed to provide insights into the nature of amino acid-membrane transport processes in animal cells. Such effectors, for example, include ions, hormones, metabolites and various organic reagents and their judicious use has allowed the following list of conclusions. Sodium ion has been found to stimulate amino acid transport in a wide variety of cell systems, although depending on the tissue and/or substrate, this ion may have no effect on such transport, or even inhibit it. Amino acid transport can be stimulated in some cell systems by other ions such as K+, Li+, H+ or Cl-. Both H+ and K+ have been found to be inhibitory in other systems. Amino acid transport is dependent in many cell systems upon an inwardly directed Na+ gradient and is stimulated by a membrane potential (negative cell interior). In some cell systems an inwardly directed Cl- and H+ gradient or an outwardly directed K+ gradient can energize transport. Structurally dissimilar effectors such as ouabain, Clostridium enterotoxin, aspirin and amiloride inhibit amino acid transport presumably through dissipation of the Na+ gradient. Inhibition by certain sugars or metabolic intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle may compete with the substrate for the energy of the Na+ gradient or interact with the substrate at the carrier level either allosterically or at a common site. Stimulation of transport by other sugars or intermediates may result from their catabolism to furnish energy for transport. Insulin and glucagon stimulate transport of amino acids in a variety of cell systems by a mechanism which involves protein synthesis. Microtubules may be involved in the regulation of transport by insulin or glucagon. Some reports also suggest that insulin has a direct effect on membranes. In addition, a number of growth hormones and factors have stimulatory effects on amino acid transport which are also mediated by protein synthesis. Steroid hormones have been noted to enhance or diminish transport of amino acids depending on the nature of the hormone. These agents appear to function at the level of protein synthesis. While stimulation may involve increased carrier synthesis, inhibition probably involves synthesis of a labile protein which either decreases the rate of synthesis or increases the rate of degradation of a component of the transport system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
1647) Proposal to conserve the name Chrysanthemum coronarium (Compositae) with a conserved type

The lectotype of Chrysanthemum coronarium L. 1753 is a specimen of the species currently known as Glebionis segetum (L.) Fourr. (based on C. segetum L. 1753). Therefore, C. coronarium is a taxonomic synonym of C. segetum, and the correct name for the species currently known as Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach would be a new combination based on Pyrethrum indicum Sims 1813 non (L.) Cass. 1826. Undesirable nomenclatural disruption and confusion can easily be averted in this case by conserving the name C. coronarium with a conserved type. Among the 14 species of Chrysanthemum L. described by Linnaeus in the first edition of Species Plantarum are two species of Mediterranean annual weeds: C. coronarium or crown daisy ("Habitat in Creta, Sicilia") and C. segetum or com marigold ("Habitat in Scaniae, Germania, Belgii, Anglia, Gallia agris"). Although essentially Mediterranean elements, both species are nowadays naturalized far beyond their 'native' range. Indeed, C. segetum was a common segetal weed in northwestern Europe before the widespread use of modem agricultural herbicides. The two species are quite distinct: C. coronarium has leaves green, 2-pinnatisect, ray florets either yellow or white with a yellow base, and achenes of ray florets with an adaxial wing; C. segetum has leaves glaucous, irregularly incised-dentate, ray florets always deep yellow, and achenes of ray florets without an adaxial wing; in both species the disk florets are yellow. Until the late 1990s, both species were almost universally treated in the genus Chrysanthemum, first in a broad, polyphyletic sense of that genus with over 200 species, then in a narrow sense with only two Mediterranean species, C. coronarium and C. segetum, the former having been designated as the type by Green (Int. Bot. Congr. Cambridge, Nomencl. Prop. Brit. Bot.: 182. 1929). However, after Trehane (in Taxon 44: 439-441. 1995) successfully proposed the Asian species C. indicum L. 1753 (the florists' chrysanthemum) as the conserved type of Chrysanthemum (see Brummitt in Taxon 47: 443-444. 1998; Nicolson in Taxon 48: 375. 1999), the Linnaean generic name replaced Dendranthema (DC.) Des Moul. for the florists' chrysanthemum and the two Mediterranean species had to be known under the next earliest legitimate name, Glebionis Cass. 1826. The generic name Ismelia Cass. 1826 was published simultaneously for the NW African annual currently known as I. carinata (Schousb.) Sch. Bip. (= L versicolor Cass. 1826, a superfluous name for C. carinatum Schousb. 1800). Ismelia was maintained as a monospecific genus by Bremer & Humphries (in Bull. Nat. Hist. Mus. London, Bot. 23: 135-136. 1993) and Bremer (Asteraceae: 466. 1994), although Tzvelev (in Bot. Zhum. 84(7): 117. 1999) united it with Glebionis and established priority for the latter name under Art. 11.5.
Photodetachment of He− 1s2s2p 4Po in the region of the 1s threshold

Photodetachment cross sections of the He− 1s2s2p 4Po metastable state in the region of the 1s threshold (38–52 eV) have been calculated using a modified R-matrix method based on a B-spline representation of the scattering orbitals. An accurate representation of initial state and target state wavefunctions has been obtained using a basis of non-orthogonal orbitals. The 17 bound (1s2l, 1s3l) and autoionizing (2l2l', 2l3l') states of He have been included in the close-coupling (CC) expansion. The convergence of the CC expansion has been checked by inclusion of additional 1s4l, 1s5l and 3l3l' target states. Close agreement was found with recent high-resolution K-shell photodetachment measurements of He− giving rise to He+ ions (Berrah N, Bozek J D, Turri G, Akerman G, Rude B, Zhou H L and Manson S T 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 93 001), except for the threshold maximum above the first 1s detachment threshold 2s2p 3Po at 38.88 eV, where the theoretical cross section is a factor of two larger than experiment. Our results show 1s photodetachment cross sections with numerous structures which have been analysed in detail. A set of triply excited resonances is also found, and their energy positions, widths and decay branching ratios are presented.
Enlarging unilateral breast mass in an adolescent male: an unusual presentation of intraductal papilloma

Breast masses presenting in adolescent boys are rare and are almost uniformly owing to gynecomastia. Although surgical referral for breast masses in adolescent boys is common, intervention is typically for cosmesis. We report the case of a 14-year-old boy who presented with an enlarging unilateral breast mass, which was found to be owing to an intraductal papilloma at the time of surgical excision.
MMP-9, uPAR and cathepsin B silencing downregulate integrins in human glioma xenograft cells in vitro and in vivo in nude mice

The original source for this publication is at Public Library of Science; DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011583. © 2010 Veeravalli et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Glucose transport in nongrowing yeast

The inducible, nonenergy-requiring glucose transport system of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis is inactivated upon starving cells of glucose by (1) transferring logarithmic phase glucose-grown cells to synthetic medium containing a nonglycolytic carbon source, and (2) upon transition of logarithmic phase glucose-grown cells to stationary phase. The steady-state accumulation of nonmetabolizeable 6-deoxyglucose and the apparent Km of transport of 6-deoxyglucose is the same in stationary phase cells and in logarithmic phase cells. The rate of transport is lower in the nongrowing cells. Restoration of activity requires energy and protein synthesis as well as inducer.
Gap junction communication and cell adhesion in development.

During the past decade growing evidence has suggested that cell-cell communication via gap junctions is crucial for early developmental processes (Warner et al., 1984; Guthrie & Gilula, 1989; Serras et al., 1989). It has been shown that embryos of mice (Kalimi & Lo, 1988), teleosts (Kimmel et al., 1984), insects (Warner & Lawrence, 1982; Ruangvoravat & Lo, 1992) and molluscs (Serras et al., 1989) become regionally organized into restricted domains of junctionally connected cells that share developmental potential. In the mouse gastrula, for example, dye-coupling experiments have demonstrated that cells within a developmental compartment have a high degree of coupling whereas cells across compartmental boundaries have reduced coupling (Kalimi & Lo, 1988). Classic experiments (Townes & Holtfretter, 1955; Steinberg, 1963) demonstrated that as cells begin to differentiate along common pathways, they develop selective adhesion properties and the ability to sort themselves from unlike neighbours (for review see Edelman 1988; Edelman et al., 1990). More recently a multitude of specific cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been identified that mediate these processes and trigger the cytoplasmic events that drive further differentiation (Edelman et al., 1990; Albelda, 1991; Geiger & Ayalon, 1992).
Rolling consolidation of metal matrix composites

Abstract Transverse rolling of metal matrix composite precursor wires is proposed as a consolidation technique for making sheets. Rolling in the transverse direction to the fiber orientation is analytically shown to be feasible, and longitudinal rolling results in fiber breakage. Plasticity analysis is conducted using Hill's general yield criterion for an isotropic materials and the associated Levy-Miles equations modified for plane strain conditions. The slab method is used to calculate the stresses in the material, and the effects of rolling parameters on the principal stress ratio are investigated. At the microscopic level, an elastic-plastic finite element formulation and a computation procedure are presented. Individual fibers are modeled to determine the stress state around each fiber. The principal stress ratio is suggested as a parameter that determines the tendency for void formation due to debonding and fiber breakage; finite element analysis is used to determine the effects of the principal stress ratio on the fiber-matrix interfacial stresses in the micromechanics model. The analysis determines the deformed mesh, plastic zone propagation and the stresses at the interface as a function of volume fraction and principal stress ratio. Interfacial stresses are assumed to be responsible for debonding during the deformation of metal matrix composites. This assumption and the results of the analysis provide guidelines for defining, the level of the biaxial stress field in the plane transverse to the fibers during rolling that will minimize interfacial fiber-matrix stresses.
AGGREGATION OF DISSOCIATED HUMAN EMBRYONIC CELLS: INTERACTION OF TROPHOBLAST WITH AUTOLOGOUS LIVER AND LUNG.

Abstract 1. 1. In vitro aggregation of cells dissociated from 15 specimens of human placenta, 5 of embryonic liver and 4 of embryonic lung, was studied. 2. 2. Trophoblastic cells in the absence of mesenchymal cells aggregated but did not reorganize into any structures resembling chorionic villi. The ability to aggregate appeared to decrease with increasing developmental age of the tissues; the cells from mature placentas failed to aggregate. Dissociated liver cells aggregated into multiple small units of no particular organization. Dissociated cells from the lung not only aggregated readily but also reorganized to resemble the original tissues before dissociation. 3. 3. Trophoblastic and autologous hepatic cells, when intermixed, were mutually incompatible resulting in necrosis probably of both cell types. Mixtures of trophoblastic and autologous lung cells, however, segregated and exhibited complete compatibility.
Dynamic distribution of claudin proteins in pancreatic epithelia undergoing morphogenesis or neoplastic transformation

Background: The assembly of distinct proteins into tight junctions results in the formation of a continuous barrier that regulates the paracellular flux of water, ions, and small molecules across epithelia. The claudin protein family encompasses numerous major structural components of tight junctions. These proteins specify the permeability characteristics of tight junctions and consequently, some of the physiological properties of epithelia. Furthermore, defective claudin expression has been found to correlate with some diseases, tumor progression, and defective morphogenesis. Investigating the pattern of claudin expression during embryogenesis or in certain pathological conditions is necessary to begin disclosing the role of these proteins in health and disease. Results: This study analyzed the expression of several claudins during mouse pancreas organogenesis and in pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias of mouse and human origin. Conclusions: Our results underscored a distinctive, dynamic distribution of certain claudins in both the developing pancreas and the pancreatic epithelium undergoing neoplastic transformation. Developmental Dynamics 241:583–594, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals Inc.