cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Air pollutants disrupt iron homeostasis to impact oxidant generation, biological effects, and tissue injury

Air pollutants cause changes in iron homeostasis through: 1) a capacity of the pollutant, or a metabolite(s), to complex/chelate iron from pivotal sites in the cell or 2) an ability of the pollutant to displace iron from pivotal sites in the cell. Through either pathway of disruption in iron homeostasis, metal previously employed in essential cell processes is sequestered after air pollutant exposure. An absolute or functional cell iron deficiency results. If enough iron is lost or is otherwise not available within the cell, cell death ensues. However, prior to death, exposed cells will attempt to reverse the loss of requisite metal. This response of the cell includes increased expression of metal importers (e.g. divalent metal transporter 1). Oxidant generation after exposure to air pollutants includes superoxide production which functions in ferrireduction necessary for cell iron import. Activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors and increased release of pro-inflammatory mediators also result from a cell iron deficiency, absolute or functional, after exposure to air pollutants. Finally, air pollutant exposure culminates in the development of inflammation and fibrosis which is a tissue response to the iron deficiency challenging cell survival. Following the response of increased expression of importers and ferrireduction, activation of kinases and phosphatases and transcription factors, release of pro-inflammatory mediators, and inflammation and fibrosis, cell iron is altered, and a new metal homeostasis is established. This new metal homeostasis includes increased total iron concentrations in cells with metal now at levels sufficient to meet requirements for continued function.
Prevalence of harmful diagnostic errors in hospitalised adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Diagnostic error is commonly defined as a missed, delayed or wrong diagnosis and has been described as among the most important patient safety hazards. Diagnostic errors also account for the largest category of medical malpractice high severity claims and total payouts. Despite a large literature on the incidence of inpatient adverse events, no systematic review has attempted to estimate the prevalence and nature of harmful diagnostic errors in hospitalised patients. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted using Medline, Embase, Web of Science and the Cochrane library from database inception through 9 July 2019. We included all studies of hospitalised adult patients that used physician review of case series of admissions and reported the frequency of diagnostic adverse events. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion, extracted study characteristics and assessed risk of bias. Harmful diagnostic error rates were pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Results Twenty-two studies including 80 026 patients and 760 harmful diagnostic errors from consecutive or randomly selected cohorts were pooled. The pooled rate was 0.7% (95% CI 0.5% to 1.1%). Of the 136 diagnostic errors that were described in detail, a wide range of diseases were missed, the most common being malignancy (n=15, 11%) and pulmonary embolism (n=13, 9.6%). In the USA, these estimates correspond to approximately 249 900 harmful diagnostic errors yearly. Conclusion Based on physician review, at least 0.7% of adult admissions involve a harmful diagnostic error. A wide range of diseases are missed, including many common diseases. Fourteen diagnoses account for more than half of all diagnostic errors. The finding that a wide range of common diagnoses are missed implies that efforts to improve diagnosis must target the basic processes of diagnosis, including both cognitive and system-related factors. PROSPERO registration number CRD42018115186.
High Dimensional Bayesian Regularization in Regressions Involving Symmetric Tensors

This article develops a regression framework with a symmetric tensor response and vector predictors. The existing literature involving symmetric tensor response and vector predictors proceeds by vectorizing the tensor response to a multivariate vector, thus ignoring the structural information in the tensor. A few recent approaches have proposed novel regression frameworks exploiting the structure of the symmetric tensor and assume symmetric tensor coefficients corresponding to scalar predictors to be low-rank. Although low-rank constraint on coefficient tensors are computationally efficient, they might appear to be restrictive in some real data applications. Motivated by this, we propose a novel class of regularization or shrinkage priors for the symmetric tensor coefficients. Our modeling framework a-priori expresses a symmetric tensor coefficient as sum of low rank and sparse structures, with both these structures being suitably regularized using Bayesian regularization techniques. The proposed framework allows identification of tensor nodes significantly influenced by each scalar predictor. Our framework is implemented using an efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Empirical results in simulation studies show competitive performance of the proposed approach over its competitors.
SeeSAw: Optimizing Performance of In-Situ Analytics Applications under Power Constraints

Future supercomputers will need to operate under a power budget. At the same time, in-situ analysis—where a set of analysis tasks are concurrently executed and periodically communicate with a scientific simulation—is expected to be a primary HPC workload to overcome the increasing gap between the performance of the storage system relative to the computational capabilities of these machines. Ongoing research focuses on efficient coupling of simulation and analysis considering memory or I/O constraints, but power poses a new constraint that has not yet been addressed for these workflows. There are two state-of-the-art HPC power management approaches: 1) a power-aware scheme that measures and reallocates power based on observed usage and 2) a time-aware scheme that measures the relative time between communicating software modules and reallocates power based on timing differences. We find that considering only one feedback metric has two major drawbacks: 1) both approaches miss opportunities to improve performance and 2) they often make incorrect decisions when facing the unique requirements of in-situ analysis. We therefore propose SeeSAw—an application-aware power management approach, which uses both time and power feedback to balance a power budget and maximize performance for in-situ analysis workloads. We evaluate SeeSAw using the molecular dynamics simulation LAMMPS with a set of built-in analyses running on the Theta supercomputer on up to 1024 nodes. We find that the strictly power-aware approach slows down LAMMPS as much as ∼25%. The strictly time-aware approach shows improvements of up to ∼13% and slowdowns as much as ∼60%. In contrast, SeeSAw achieves ∼4–30% performance improvements.
Quartz Beam Splitters for Far Infra-Red (FIR) Diagnostics

Crystalline quartz resonant reflectors are an extremely useful and versatile component for use in FIR diagnostic systems. The lov absorptivity and high index of refraction allow beam splitters with a wide range of reflectivities. Design, construction, and operating considerations will be discussed.
Provider love in an informal settlement: Men's relationships with providing women and implications for HIV in Kampala, Uganda

Abstract Uganda has made progress in controlling the HIV epidemic since it first emerged in the 1980s. While new infections in the country are higher among women, men in urban areas face a higher risk of AIDS-related mortality due to starting treatment later and taking medication inconsistently. While gender analyses have been used to describe women's HIV vulnerability, less is known about how masculinity, and especially different forms of masculinity, affect men's vulnerability. This study reports on data from an ethnography (2016–2019) with low-income men in urban Uganda. This study uses gender and power theory to describe how men's relationships with female sex workers in an informal settlement in urban Kampala, Uganda are characterized by female providers (“provider love”) and male dependents. Young men in this sample, largely jobless, rely on their relationships for daily survival. As gender roles reverse, young men find themselves unable to attain masculine ideals as expected of Baganda men. Instead, men in this sample face less power in their relationships, a loss of masculine respectability, and diminished reputations in the community. These intersections of gender, economic struggle, power, and intimacy reconfigure men's HIV vulnerability in this setting. Public health programming on HIV/AIDS for men should consider different patterns of masculinity, power, and economic struggle and how they impact HIV outcomes.
Improving Racial Equity in Community College: Developing a Plan, Implementing the Vision:

California policymakers passed the Student Equity Policy, requiring all community colleges to develop a “student equity plan” that identified outcome disparities for select student groups, includin...
Directed Assembly of Nucleic Acid-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles from Molecular Tetravalent Cores

Complementary tetrahedral small molecule-DNA hybrid (SMDH) building blocks have been combined to form nucleic acid-based polymeric nanoparticles without the need for an underlying template or scaffold. The sizes of these particles can be tailored in a facile fashion by adjusting assembly conditions such as SMDH concentration, assembly time, and NaCl concentration. Notably, these novel particles can be stabilized and transformed into functionalized spherical nucleic acid (SNA) structures through the incorporation of capping DNA strands conjugated with functional groups. These results demonstrate a systematic, efficient strategy for the construction and surface functionalization of well-defined, size-tunable nucleic acid particles from readily accessible molecular building blocks. Furthermore, because these nucleic acid-based polymeric nanoparticles exhibited enhanced cellular internalization and resistance to DNase I compared to free synthetic nucleic acids, they should have a plethora of applications in d...
Novel Phenomena in Small Individual and Coupled Quantum Dots

The field of semiconductor quantum dot [1] single electron transistor [2-4] has witnessed tremendous advances in the past 10 years. Whether from the perspective of fundamental physics or potential technological applications, the quantum dot has generated a great amount of excitement as a result of its tunability and controllability. This tunability has enabled the realization of a remarkable variety of physical phenomena, associated with the charge and spin degrees of freedom of the electron(s) occupying the “upper” most quantum levels, as well as potential device applications due to the extraordinary sensitive to charge and electric fields [9,10]. To date, an impressive variety of phenomena has been observed. These include: atomic shell filling in regularly shaped QD, signatures of quantum chaotic dynamics in irregularly shaped QD manifest in the wavefunction and energy level statistics, evolution of levels in a perpendicular magnetic field (with or without interaction effects), molecular state formation in double and triple QD’s, coherent molecular states, covalent and ionic states, higher-order effects such as cotunneling, under strong coupling leads to spin effects such as Kondo physics or mixed valence physics associated with the Anderson model, and interference effects such as Fano resonance line shape due to the presence of resonant and non-resonant channels. These results represent the contributions of numerous workers in the field and excellent reviews are available in the literature [1,5-8].
Economic Development in China and Its Implications for East Asia

In the aftermath of the economic crisis of 1997-98 South Korea has undertaken a number of major institutional reforms. What are these reforms? Why were they undertaken? What is the outcome of the reforms? In answering these questions the paper examines the influence that the ideas of political leaders on political economy had in setting forth the reform agenda and the role that various interest groups have played in implementing the reform. It argues that there was a shift in the developmental paradigm in the early 1980s, that the new paradigm guided reforms in Korea during the 1980s and 1990s but with initial conditions and interest politics influencing the implementation and actual outcome of reform, and that the post-crisis reform was a culmination of the reform process that began in the early 1980s.
A new error statistic for performance evaluation of models in hydrology

Conventional error measures have been used in the past in the field of hydrology and water resources to evaluate the performance of the models developed for prediction and modeling of a number of hydrological processes. Traditional statistics (e.g., mean squared error, relative error, etc.) have limited use and may not always provide a comprehensive assessment of performance of the model developed for a specific application. However, in all practical situations of water resources management, inclusion of decision maker's preferences within any application-specific statistic becomes essential. A new error statistic is described in this paper that is application-specific which facilitates decision maker's involvement in the assessment of the model performance and its suitability to a particular situation. Fuzzy set theory principles, especially membership functions, are used in devising the error measure. Hypothetical and real-life examples are used for the evaluation of this proposed error measure. Results indicate that the use of this statistic is practical and meaningful in the selection of an appropriate model from a set of competing models.
Inference systems for logical algorithms

Logical algorithms are defined in terms of individual computation steps that are based on logical inferences. We present a uniform framework for formalizing logical algorithms based on inference systems. We present inference systems for algorithms such as resolution, the Davis–Putnam–Logemann–Loveland procedure, equivalence and congruence closure, and satisfiability modulo theories. The paper is intended as an introduction to the use of inference systems for studying logical algorithms.
Distinctive Molecular Profiles of High-Grade and Low-Grade Gliomas Based on Oligonucleotide Microarray Analysis

Astrocytomas are heterogeneous intracranial glial neoplasms ranging from the highly aggressive malignant glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) to the indolent, low-grade pilocytic astrocytoma. We have investigated whether DNA microarrays can identify gene expression differences between high-grade and low-grade glial tumors. We compared the transcriptional profile of 45 astrocytic tumors including 21 GBMs and 19 pilocytic astrocytomas using oligonucleotide-based microarrays. Of the ∼6800 genes that were analyzed, a set of 360 genes provided a molecular signature that distinguished between GBMs and pilocytic astrocytomas. Many transcripts that were increased in GBM were not previously associated with gliomas and were found to encode proteins with properties that suggest their involvement in cell proliferation or cell migration. Microarray-based data for a subset of genes was validated using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-PCR. Immunohistochemical analysis also localized the protein products of specific genes of interest to the neoplastic cells of high-grade astrocytomas. Our study has identified a large number of novel genes with distinct expression patterns in high-grade and low-grade gliomas.
Sibling Species, Advertisement Calls, and Reproductive Isolation in Frogs of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus Species Cluster (Amphibia, Leptodactylidae)

A recent re-evaluation of morphological and advertisement call variation in the large species of frogs of the Leptodactylus pentadactylus cluster discovered more examples of sibling species as defined by Ernst Mayr in his influential book Animal Species and Evolution. All previously documented instances of sibling species in frogs demonstrated advertisement call differentiation consistent with the calls serving as pre-mating isolating mechanisms. However, we find one instance of two species with nondistinguishable adult morphologies as well as non-distinguishable advertisement calls. Presumably, the new instances of sibling species reflect retention of ancestral adult morphologies and advertisement calls. Larval and habitat differentiation appear to be important factors in the speciation processes in this group of frogs. Ernst Mayr defined sibling species as, “morphologically similar or identical natural populations that are reproductively isolated,” in his influential book Animal Species and Evolution (Mayr, 1963 : 34). He considered the phenomenon to be important to understanding the complexity and scope of speciation processes in animals. Mayr’s concept of sibling species has been documented in the frog genus Leptodactylus (Barrio, 1973; Heyer et al., 1996). In these examples, reproductive isolation among sibling species was documented through analysis of advertisement calls. That is, advertisement calls are very different from each other among species whose adults are morphologically identical. Females use the calls to distinguish and select males of their own species to mate with in any mixed chorus where sibling species co-occur. In the process of re-evaluating variation in the Leptodactylus pentadactylus species cluster, we discovered instances of sibling species that do not demonstrate reproductive isolation on the basis of advertisement calls. Herein we summarize the nature of the differentiation involved and discuss the evolutionary implications of our findings.
Wounds: Biology, Pathology, and Management

Wound healing is an orchestrated biological process initiated by tissue injury and culminating in restoration of tissue integrity. The end result of the repair process is fibrosis and scar in all organ systems except bone and except for specialized conditions of liver injury. Because surgeons induce tissue injury, a thorough understanding of the wound repair process is fundamental to the practice of surgery; thus, surgeons and wound repair have enjoyed a close relationship from the beginning of surgery.
Approximations by multivariate perturbed neural network operators

This article deals with the determination of the rate of convergence to the unit of each of three newly introduced here multivariate perturbed normalized neural network operators of one hidden layer. These are given through the multivariate modulus of continuity of the involved multivariate function or its high-order partial derivatives and that appears in the right-hand side of the associated multivariate Jackson type inequalities. The multivariate activation function is very general, especially it can derive from any multivariate sigmoid or multivariate bell-shaped function. The right-hand sides of our convergence inequalities do not depend on the activation function. The sample functionals are of multivariate Stancu, Kantorovich and quadrature types. We give applications for the first partial derivatives of the involved function.
Anomalous Location of the Vertebral Artery in Relation to the Neural Foramen. Implications for Cervical Transforaminal Epidural Steroid Injections

Objectives Evaluate the prevalence of an anomalous posterior vertebral artery (VA) in the neural foramen and to see if any factors might correlate with proximity of the VA to needle location in a cervical transforaminal epidural steroid injection (CTFESI). Methods A radiologist with subspecialty training in neuroradiology documented VA location in relation to the neural foramen on axial views of 198 consecutive computed tomography angiograms done for various reasons, 11 were excluded because of poor imaging or occluded VA. The levels of C2-3 through C6-7 were evaluated, where the VA courses within the foramen. The distance was measured from VA to ideal needle location for a CTFESI. Other data were collected including severity of foraminal stenosis, loss of disc height, and medical history. Analysis was done to see if any factor correlated with anomalous VA location. Results The VA was in the posterior foramen and within 2 mm of ideal needle location in at least one location in 29% of patients. When looking at the more commonly injected levels of C4-5 through C6-7, the prevalence was 18%. Severity of foraminal stenosis and loss of disc height correlated with VA proximity to typical needle location (both with P < 0.0001). Conclusion The VA can sometimes be in close proximity to the typical target location of a CTFESI. This proximity correlates with severity of foraminal stenosis and loss of disc height. Physicians should be mindful of this and evaluate the T2 axial magnetic resonance imaging before doing CFTESIs.
Surgical Anatomy of the Paranasal Sinuses

■ The paranasal sinuses, orbits, and intracranial cavity are contiguous structures separated by thin bone, and a thorough appreciation of anatomy is essential for safe and efficacious surgery in this region.
The Contributions of Child Behavioral Functioning and Parent Distress to Family Functioning in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The objective of this study was to examine the relative contributions of both parental and adolescent functioning to family functioning in adolescent patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and their families. Participants were 45 adolescents (27 male, 18 female) 13–17 years old (M = 15.41 years, SD = 1.32) with IBD and their parents. Families completed measures of patient behavioral functioning and depression, parent distress and family functioning. Disease severity assessments were completed via data provided by patients’ gastroenterologists. Results indicated that parent-reported patient behavioral problems accounted for a significant 26% of variance in family functioning. Post-hoc analysis revealed that externalizing behavior problems accounted for the majority of this variance compared to internalizing behavior problems. These results suggest that externalizing problems may have a more significant impact on these families than previous research indicates. Moreover, externalizing behaviors may significantly impact family adaptation and should be taken into consideration during routine clinical care. Further research is needed to replicate and expand upon these findings.
Persistent activity of doramectin and ivermectin against Ascaris suum in experimentally infected pigs

A study was conducted to investigate the persistent nematocidal activity of two avermectins against experimentally-induced infections of Ascaris suum in swine. Seventy-two nematode-free cross-bred pigs of similar bodyweight were randomly allotted to nine treatment groups of eight pigs each. Eight of the groups were treated with injectable solutions containing 300 microg of doramectin/kg (IM) or 300 microg of ivermectin/kg (SC) either 0 (same day), 7, 14, or 21 days prior to an oral challenge of 50000 embryonated A. suum eggs. The ninth group (control) was challenged in parallel without any avermectin treatment. At 41 or 42 days after challenge, pigs were euthanatized and adult and larval stages of A. suum were collected from the gastrointestinal tract of each pig and counted. Both avermectins significantly (P < 0.0002) reduced nematode counts when given on the day of challenge (0 days prior), and the efficacy was 100% and 97.5% for doramectin and ivermectin, respectively. Doramectin given 7 days prior to challenge significantly (P < 0.0001) reduced nematode counts, and the efficacy was 98.4%. For all other avermectin-treatment groups, nematode counts were not significantly reduced compared to those in control pigs. These data indicated that anthelmintic activity of ivermectin against A. suum persisted for less than 7 days and the activity of doramectin persisted for more than 7, but less than 14 days.
Cognitive ethology, vigilance, information gathering, and representation: Who might know what and why?

Cognitive ethology, a relatively new interdisciplinary and integrative science, is under attack with respect to its scientific status. However, there also are strong supporters of research in this area. In this paper I consider (1) some of the topics in which cognitive ethologists are interested, (2) possible connections between cognitive analyses of social behavior and philosophical concepts including intentionality and representation, (3) recent work on vigilance or scanning behavior in highly social birds, Evening Grosbeaks (Coccothraustes vespertinus), that benefits from taking a cognitive perspective, and (4) what may be gained by taking a cognitive approach to the study of social behavior and what may be lost by not doing so. My study of vigilance indicates that the way in which individuals are positioned with respect to one another influences their behavior, and that when a flock contains four or more birds there are large changes in scanning and other patterns of behavior that may be related to how grosbeaks attempt to gather information about other flock members. When birds are arranged in a circular array so that they can see one another easily compared to when they are arranged in a line that makes visual monitoring of flock members more difficult, birds who have difficulty seeing one another are (i) more vigilant, (ii) change their head and body positions more often, (iii) react to changes in group size more slowly, (iv) show less coordination in head movements, and (v) show more variability in all measures. These differences in behavior argue against the pooling of data collected on individuals feeding in different geometric arrays. The variations in behavior also may say something about if and how individuals attempt visually to represent their group to themselves--how they form, store, and use records of the behavior of others to inform their own future behavior.
Emergent Care Patterns in Patients with Spina Bifida: A Case-Control Study

Purpose: Individuals with spina bifida are typically followed closely as outpatients by multidisciplinary teams. However, emergent care of these patients is not well defined. We describe patterns of emergent care in patients with spina bifida and healthy controls.Materials and Methods: We reviewed Nationwide Emergency Department Sample data from 2006 to 2010. Subjects without spina bifida (controls) were selected from the sample using stratified random sampling and matched to each case by age, gender and treatment year at a 1:4 ratio. Missing emergency department charges were estimated by multiple imputation. Statistical analyses were performed to compare patterns of care among emergency department visits and charges.Results: A total of 226,709 patients with spina bifida and 888,774 controls were identified. Mean age was 28.2 years, with 34.6% of patients being younger than 21. Patients with spina bifida were more likely than controls to have public insurance (63.7% vs 35.4%, p <0.001) and to be admitted ...
Stratigraphy and remanence acquisition of a palaeomagnetic reversal in alluvial Siwalik rocks of Pakistan

A high-resolution record of a palaeomagnetic reversal is documented in Miocene alluvial rocks of Pakistan. We examined lateral variability of lithostratigraphy and palaeomagnetic stratigraphy through the same palaeomagnetic reversal in six correlated sections. Each section contains one or more palaeomagnetic sites with directions between fully reversed and fully normal. The position of the reversal illustrates local relief in the study area and the time-transgressive nature of certain stratigraphic units. Variability in the thickness of the transitional interval indicates contemporaneous variability in sediment accumulation rates. Different characteristics of palaeomagnetic remanence are associated with the depositional and postdepositional history of these sediments. Variability in patterns of remanence behaviour is the basis for inferences about post-depositional processes. We discuss two magnetic parameters that express coherency of palaeomagnetic samples-the maximum angle of deviation and the circular standard deviation. Of particular interest are samples with incoherent palaeomagnetic signals. The incoherency of samples is inversely correlated with the thickness of the transitional interval. A low rate of sediment accumulation, suggested by a thin transitional interval, may facilitate a prolonged period of remagnetization through pedogenic or hydrological processes. Alternatively, transition intervals, defined by coherent magnetization, may be thin as a result of pedogenically induced incoherency.
Predation and the distribution and abundance of a pulmonate pond snail

The abundances of a freshwater pulmonate snail, Lymnaea elodes were studied in a temporary pond and a permanent, more productive pond in northeastern Indiana, USA. When snails from both populations were reared in each of the ponds in containers excluding predators, snails grew to be 1.3 to 2 times as large in the more productive pond, and laid 9 times as many eggs. However, field sampling data showed adults to be more abundant in the temporary pond. The only obvious difference between the two ponds was the presence of the molluscivorous central mudminnow (Umbra limi) in the permanent pond. These fish fed upon L. elodes when eggs and juvenile snails were abundant. In an experiment in the temporary pond, addition of mudminnows lowered egg and juvenile snail survival in pens where snail abundances had been increased. We suggest that vertebrate predators like the mudminnow can be significant sources of mortality for thin shelled species like L. elodes, possibly excluding them from habitats like lakes and rivers.
Criteria to Detect Minimal Expressivity Within Families With Autosomal Dominant Aniridia

Autosomal dominant aniridia with complete penetrance without Wilms' tumor in five generations with 27 affected family members has been reassigned from chromosome 2p25 to chromosome 11p13. Clinically, aniridia was obvious in affected individuals with variable expressivity when they had rudimentary iris stumps, typical or atypical iris colobomata, or round, eccentric pupils. However, iris and retinal fluorescein angiography was required to detect abnormal vascular remodeling that resulted in incomplete iris collarettes and decreased retinal foveal avascular zones in 27 family members at risk with round, central pupils. These angiograms distinguished five affected and 22 unaffected individuals, and were the critical criteria required to detect minimal expressivity of aniridia in family members with round, central pupils.
PELAN applications and recent field tests

When neutrons interact with particular nuclei, the resulting energy of the interaction can be released in the form of gamma rays, which are characteristic of the nucleus involved in the reaction. The PELAN (Pulsed Elemental Analysis with Neutrons) system uses a pulsed neutron generator and an integral thermalizing shield that induce reactions that cover most of the entire gamma ray energy spectra. The neutron generator uses a D-T reaction, which releases fast 14MeV neutrons responsible for providing information on those nuclei that mostly respond to inelastic scattering. During the time period between pulses, the fast neutrons undergo multiple inelastic interactions that lower their energy making them easier to be captured by certain nuclei; this energy spectrum of gamma rays induced by these interactions are designated as the gamma ray thermal spectra. The PELAN system has been used for a number of applications where non-intrusive, non-destructive interrogation is needed. Although Pulsed Fast Thermal Neutron Analysis (PFTNA) has been around for approximately 30 years, the technology has never been successfully commercialized for practical applications. The following report illustrates examples of the performance of on a number of applications of interrogation of Unexploded Ordnance (UXO), mine confirmation, large vehicle bombs inspection and illicit drug smuggling detection.
Multiple brain abscesses due to Actinomyces species

We report a case of multiple brain abscesses due to Actinomyces species in a 35-year-old immunocompetent man who presented with a 2-month history of headache, diplopia, fever, and weight loss. Despite receipt of broad-spectrum antibiotics for over a month, he continued to have headaches and diplopia. He subsequently underwent right anterior temporal lobectomy and evacuation of abscesses. The diagnosis was aided by identification of sulfur granule on histopathological examination of cerebral cavitary lesion and Gram-positive filamentous rods seen on tissue-Gram stain.
The crystal and molecular structure of the pentacoordinated copper(II) complex, bis(acetylacetonato)quinolinecopper(II)

Abstract The crystal and molecular structure of bis(acetylacetonato) quinolinecopper(II), [Cμ (C5HO2)2(C9H7N)], has been determined by three dimensional methods. The cell dimensions are a = 14·23 A, b = 8·66 A, c = 8·02 A, α = 94·0°, β = 89·0°, γ = 110·8°, the space group P 1 and Z = 2. The intensities of 2005 reflections were obtained visually from equi-inclination Weissenberg photographs. The structure was refined by least-squares methods with individual atom isotropic temperature factors, to a conventional R value of 0·138. The structure consists of discrete molecules containing a pentacoordinated copper atom. The donor atoms are arranged in a pyramidal configuration with four equal copper-oxygen bonds. (1·95 ± 0·01 A), directed towards the concerns of the base of a square pyramid and a fifth copper-nitrogen bond, (2·36 ± ·01 A), directed towards the apex of the pyramid.
Critical evaluation of conceptual data models

Abstract Conceptual data models are representations of enterprise databases. Information systems professionals must often critically evaluate conceptual models. After system designers create conceptual models, they or members of their design team corroborate the created models. System auditors also evaluate conceptual models. Little guidance exists to advise system designers and auditors on how to conduct such conceptual model validation. Mistakes in corroborating conceptual models may result in unnecessary changes to valid systems or in false assurance of invalid systems. Evidence from prior studies suggests that evaluators exhibit a cognitive bias that causes them to focus on structural constraints even when there is conflicting information in the surface semantics. Studies also show mixed results for whether relationships involving optional participation of entities are more difficult for users to comprehend than relationships with only mandatory participation. Decompositions of large representations may be easier to evaluate than are the large representations in their entirety. Because conceptual models often are portrayed as large representations that include relationships with optional participation of entities, these concerns must be investigated in the context of system evaluation. This study provides evidence of a debiasing technique for the tendency to focus only on structural constraints, and compares evaluation responses for entities’ optional and mandatory participation in relationships presented in decomposed versus full models.
Chlorophyll and Primary Productivity of Some Green, Freshwater Sponges

Relationships between ash-free dry weight, viable chlorophyll a and pheopigments a were examined by linear regression analysis for non-gemmulating and gemmulated Spongilla lacustris and for an unidentified, non-gemmulating species. The primary productivity of S. lacustris was determined by both oxygen and 14C techniques and expressed on a biomass, chlorophyll a, and area basis, and the photosynthetic efficiency was calculated. The proportion of algal photosynthate excreted by the sponge was investigated, and the transfer of algal photosynthate to the sponge was examined by autoradiography.
Testing the role of competition in fossil communities using limiting similarity

Study of interspecific competition in the fossil record is problematic, but morphological information can provide evidence for such interactions. Ecological theory predicts a limit to morphological similarity among competing species, ideally manifested as a constant (Hutchinsonian) ratio of mean sizes among successive pairs of competing species. However, this pattern breaks down in many modern ecological systems because the effects of competition are mitigated by nonequilibrium factors such as predation and spatial heterogeneity. To test whether a consistent limit to similarity exists in a competition-dominated system, we analyzed the morphology of four coexisting brachiopod species in an Ordovician paleoenvironment in which nonequilibrium factors were negligible. Analysis of feeding-structure lengths using probabilistic models demonstrates that (1) ratios between means of successive species are unexpectedly constant ( p < 0.03); and (2) species distributions overlap significantly less than expected ( p < 0.03). These results suggest that a limit to similarity was reached, and that morphospace occupation by the four species was driven by interspecific competition. Demonstration of limiting similarity in this ancient community suggests that similar approaches could be used to assess the relative influence of interspecific competition on community diversity and structure through deep time.
Moment-tensor solutions estimated using optimal filter theory: global seismicity, 1984-1987

Abstract Moment-tensor solutions, estimated using optimal filter theory, are listed for 426 moderate- to large-sized earthquakes occurring from 1984 to 1987.
The lesion(s) in traumatic brain injury: implications for clinical neuropsychology

This paper overviews the current status of neuroimaging in neuropsychological outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI). The pathophysiology of TBI is reviewed and integrated with expected neuroimaging and neuropsychological findings. The integration of clinical and quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) imaging is the main topic of review, but these findings are integrated with single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and magnetoencephalography (MEG). Various clinical caveats are offered for the clinician.
LONG‐WAVELENGTH UVA RADIATION INDUCES OXIDATIVE STRESS, CYTOSKELETAL DAMAGE and HEMOLYSIS*

We investigated the ability of the different wavelength regions of UV radiation, UVA (320-400 nm), UVB (290-320 nm) and UVC (200-290 nm), to induce hemolysis. Sheep erythrocytes were exposed to radiation from either a UVA1 (> 340 nm) sunlamp, a UVB sunlamp, or a UVC germicidal lamp. The doses used for the three wavelength regions were approximately equilethal to the survival of L5178Y murine lymphoma cells. Following exposure, negligible hemolysis was observed in the UVB- and UVC-irradiated erythrocytes, whereas a decrease in the relative cell number (RCN), indicative of hemolysis, was observed in the UVA1-exposed samples. The decrease in RCN was dependent on dose (0-1625 kJ/m2), time (0-78 h postirradiation) and cell density (10(6)-10(7) cells/mL).. Hemolysis decreased with increasing concentration of glutathione, hemoglobin or cell number, while the presence of pyruvate drastically enhanced it. Because scanning spectroscopy (200-700 nm) showed that hemoproteins and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides were oxidized, cytoplasmic oxidative stress was implicated in the lytic mechanism. Further evidence of oxidation was obtained from electron micrographs, which revealed the formation of Heinz bodies near the plasma membrane. The data demonstrate that exposure of erythrocytes to UVA1, but not UVB or UVC, radiation causes oxidation of cytoplasmic components, which results in cytoskeletal damage and hemolysis.
Identification of a conditionally essential heat shock protein in Escherichia coli

Protein D48.5 was recognized as a heat-inducible protein of Escherichia coli during the screening of a group of random, temperature-inducible Mud-Lac fusion mutants. Physiological and genetic analysis demonstrated that (i) the structural gene for this protein, designated htpI, is a member of the o-32-dependent heat shock regulon, (ii) at 37°C the synthesis of protein D48.5 is nearly constitutive, increasing slightly with growth rate in media of different composition, and (iii) this protein is essential for growth at high temperature.
Quality of life following intensive care.

Evaluations of intensive care have largely focused on survival, cost, or functional status; however, these may not be the only outcomes of interest to patients, families, and health care providers. Quality of life is an important consideration in evaluating intensive care because it influences decisions about the use of life-sustaining treatment. A study was conducted to assess the quality of life of survivors of intensive care to determine the relationship of perceived quality of life to other outcomes of intensive care. Patients at least 55 years old who received medical intensive care during 1983 (n=69) were interviewed to determine social characteristics, functional status, psychological well-being, and their perceived quality of life using a new 11-item Perceived Quality of Life scale. Functional status correlated only moderately with perceived quality of life (r=0.49, p=0.0001). Objective measures of patients’ material and social resources did not predict satisfaction. To evaluate outcome adequately, it is necessary to assess perceptions of life quality from patients who have received life-sustaining treatment.
The Relationship Between Cognitive Ability and Positive and Negative Priming in Identity and Spatial Priming Tasks

The authors examined whether stimulus activation and inhibition in the identity priming task are related to the temporal lobe, and whether these processes in the spatial priming task are related to the parietal lobe. Forty participants performed spatial and identity positive and negative priming tasks, the Vandenberg Mental Rotation task, and the Digit Span task. Both men and women showed significant positive and negative priming in the identity and spatial tasks with no gender difference. The magnitude of identity positive priming was predicted by the Digit Span task, and the magnitude of spatial positive priming was predicted by the mental rotation task. Only women showed a correlation between spatial ability and spatial negative priming. The results are partially consistent with the dorsal-ventral model of cognitive inhibition.
Back-to-back jets: Fourier transform from b to kT

Abstract In an earlier paper, we derived an algorithm for calculating the cross section for e+ +e− → A + B + X, with hadrons A and B nearly back to back. The result was given in transverse position ( b ) space for the Fourier transform of the small angle part of the cross section. Here we discuss the structure of this result, particularly at large b, where purely perturbative calculations are not useful. We then describe how to return from b space to transverse momentum space.
Steady solute fields induced by differential rotation in a small floating zone

Abstract The relationship between flow structure and solute field during mass transfer of a dilute component is analyzed for the multi-cellular rotating flows in a small-scale floating zone. When the recirculating flows are weak, a closed-form solution clearly shows the link between convection pattern and solute distribution across the surface of the growing solid. In the limit of strong convection, finite-element calculations demonstrate the tendency of the composition to become uniform over the majority of the melt. The radial non-uniformity of solute concentration across the solid surface can be severe, even in the presence of vigorous bulk motion; however, the compositional non-uniformity is greatest when the recirculating motion is comparable to the rate of crystal growth. In this case, segregation of more than 100% the average concentration is predicted and points to the danger in attempting to grow compositionally uniform crystals from a nearly convectionless melt.
Integrin α6β4-erbB2 Complex Inhibits Haptotaxis by Up-regulating E-cadherin Cell-Cell Junctions in Keratinocytes

Abstract Keratinocyte integrins α6β4 and α3β1 bind laminin-5, a component of basement membranes. We previously demonstrated that in keratinocytes, haptotactic migration on laminin-5 was stimulated by anti-β1 integrin-activating antibody TS2/16, whereas antibodies to α6 and β4, respectively, blocked TS2/16-induced, α3β1-dependent migration. Moreover, α6β4-associated haptotaxis inhibition was linked to a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway and required erbB2 activation. erbB2, the ligand-less member of the epidermal growth factor receptor family, was shown to form a complex with the hemidesmosomal integrin α6β4. Here, we demonstrate that α6β4 inhibitory effects on haptotaxis are abolished by an anti-E-cadherin antibody, which interferes with cell-cell adhesion. Furthermore, antibodies to α6 and β4 stimulated adhesion to an E-cadherin-Fc recombinant protein. In addition, anti-α6/β4 antibodies increased colony size in plated cells, stimulated cell-cell aggregation, and up-regulated E-cadherin localization to cell-cell contacts. These effects were abolished when erbB2 or PI3K were blocked. These results indicate that stimulation of α6β4 increases E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion and that this mechanism depends on erbB2 activation. The molecule that links α6β4 with E-cadherin may be the small GTPase cdc42, an effector of PI3K, because dominant-negative cdc42 abolished the inhibitory effect of anti-α6/β4 antibodies and increased basal migration, whereas constitutively active cdc42 prevented the TS2/16-induced increase in haptotaxis. These findings suggest a model whereby α6β4 can augment cell-cell adhesion and slow down haptotaxis over laminin-5 and point to the α6β4-erbB2 heterodimer as an important signaling complex for the formation of cohesive keratinocyte layers.
Parquet theory of inhomogeneous boson systems

Abstract The parquet summation for the two-body vertex is used as the framework for a theory of interacting inhomogeneous boson systems. We present a precisely defined set of approximations for the single-particle self-energy and for the two-body vertex which lead to a set of equations which are equivalent to the inhomogeneous variational hypernetted-chain theory for inhomogeneous boson systems. The present calculation makes clear the distinction between the self-energy which is used in constructing the two-body vertex and the self-energy which one would construct with the two-body vertex.