cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Femtosecond thermionic emission from metals in the space-charge-limited regime

We study femtosecond-laser-pulse-induced electron emission from W(100), Al(110), and Ag(111) in the subdamage regime (1–44 mJ/cm2 fluence) by simultaneously measuring the incident-light reflectivity, total electron yield, and electron-energy distribution curves of the emitted electrons. The total-yield results are compared with a space-charge-limited extension of the Richardson–Dushman equation for short-time-scale thermionic emission and with particle-in-a-cell computer simulations of femtosecond-pulsed-induced thermionic emission. Quantitative agreement between the experimental results and two calculated temperature-dependent yields is obtained and shows that the yield varies linearly with temperature beginning at a threshold electron temperature of ~0.25 eV The particle-in-a-cell simulations also reproduce the experimental electron-energy distribution curves. Taken together, the experimental results, the theoretical calculations, and the results of the simulations indicate that thermionic emission from nonequilibrium electron heating provides the dominant source of the emitted electrons. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that a quantitative theory of space-charge-limited femtosecond-pulse-induced electron emission is possible.
Mucin gene expression in human male urogenital tract epithelia

BACKGROUND: Mucins are large, hydrophilic glycoproteins that protect wet-surfaced epithelia from pathogen invasion as well as provide lubrication. At least 17 mucin genes have been cloned to date. This study sought to determine the mucin gene expression profile of the human male urogenital tract epithelia, to determine if mucins are present in seminal fluid and to assess the effect of androgens on mucin expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Testis, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, prostate, bladder, urethra and foreskin were assessed for mucin expression by RT–PCR (for 14 mucin genes) and immunohistochemistry (nine antibodies for five mucins). Epithelia of the vas deferens, prostate and urethra expressed the greatest number of mucins, each with mRNA for between 5 and 8 mucins. Except for MUC20 in epididymis, mRNA for MUC1 and MUC20, both membrane-associated mucins, was detected in all tissues analysed. By comparison, MUC6 was more restricted in expression, being primarily detected in seminal vesicle. MUC1, MUC5B and MUC6 were detected in seminal fluid samples by immunoblot analysis. Androgens had no effect on mucin expression in cultured human prostatic epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS: Each region of urogenital tract epithelium expressed a unique mucin gene repertoire. Secretory mucins are present in seminal fluid, and androgens do not appear to regulate mucin gene expression in prostatic epithelial cells in culture.
The Rise and Fall of Temporary Foreign Worker Policies: Lessons for Poland1

This essay reflects upon post-World War II and post-Cold War admissions of low-skilled temporary foreign workers to North America and Europe. The authors hope is that lessons from history can help Polish (and other new European Union immigration states) develop well-informed labour migration policy. The lessons from North America and Europe suggest that admissions of low-skilled temporary foreign workers lead to short-term economic benefits and long-term economic political and social costs. This in turn makes coherent and humane statecraft difficult to achieve. Considering the complexity of temporary foreign worker admissions Polish policymakers would be better off avoiding them like the United States France and Switzerland have largely done in the post-Cold War period after learning the lessons from the post-war era. The alleged labour shortages and illegal migration pressure could be addressed through settlement-oriented policies which are more likely to prevent unexpected outcomes since they allow greater economic social and political integration of admitted immigrants. (authors)
Goal Theory Is Not Dead—Not Yet, Anyway: A Reflection on the Special Issue

The author suggests how these papers converge in portraying the nature of motivation, learning, and achievement. That portrayal proceeds from a social— cognitive framework that stresses the centrality of goals in framing whether, when, and how students are likely to approach or avoid academic tasks. He points out, however, that approach and avoidance, although an important aspect of motivation, do not fully encompass a domain that is and has been considered the fitting purview of motivation theory and research. Especially in the realm of education, the quality of engagement that eventuates is of equal if not greater importance relative to choice and direction. However, a primary question raised in these comments relates to the nature of goals and how they operate in framing action, thought, and feelings. Some of the work reflected in the wider goal theory literature as well as in some of these papers, suggests that goals are closely linked to a varying role of self in determining the nature and direction of action, feelings, and thought. Some of the work seems to limit goals to a specific kind of objective under limited circumstances. Finally, questions are raised about whether or how the work presented would define the role of context in determining motivation. Clearly, although work reflected in these papers is truly impressive, it is impressive not just for conclusions reached but also for new questions prompted.
Primary care physician beliefs about insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes.

SUMMARY Background: Insulin is the most effective drug available to achieve glycaemic goals in patients with type 2 diabetes. Yet, there is reluctance among physicians, specifically primary care physicians (PCPs) in the USA, to initiate insulin therapy in these patients. Aims: To describe PCPs’ attitudes about the initiation of insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and identify areas in which there is a clear lack of consensus. Methods: Primary care physicians practicing in the USA, seeing 10 or more patients with type 2 diabetes per week, and having > 3 years of clinical practice were surveyed via an internet site. The survey was developed through literature review, qualitative study and expert panel. Results: Primary care physicians (n = 505, mean age = 46 years, 81% male, 62% with > 10 years practice; 52% internal medicine) showed greatest consensus on attitudes regarding risk ⁄benefits of insulin therapy, positive experiences of patients on insulin and patient fears or concerns about initiating insulin. Clear lack of consensus was seen in attitudes about the metabolic effects of insulin, need for insulin therapy, adequacy of self-monitoring blood glucose, time needed for training and potential for hypoglycaemia in elderly patients. Conclusions: The beliefs of some PCPs are inconsistent with their diabetes treatment goals (HbA1c £ 7%). Continuing medical education programmes that focus on increasing primary care physician knowledge about the progression of diabetes, the physiological effects of insulin, and tools for successfully initiating insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes are needed. What’s known Insulin is the most effective drug available to achieve glycaemic goals in patients with type 2 diabetes, yet there is reluctance among many physicians to initiate insulin therapy in these patients. Diabetes specialists tend to be more aggressive than primary care physicians (PCPs) with insulin initiation in patients with type 2 diabetes, and US physicians are more disposed to delay insulin than physicians in other countries. What’s new This article confirms that US PCPs lack consensus on some beliefs about insulin initiation. Consensus was seen regarding insulin risk ⁄ benefits, positive patient experiences of insulin and patient fears about initiating insulin. No consensus was seen regarding insulin’s metabolic effects, need for insulin, adequacy of self-monitoring blood glucose, time needed for training and potential for hypoglycaemia in elderly patients. Some PCPs have beliefs inconsistent with their diabetes treatment goals (HbA1c £ 7%). OnlineOpen: This article is available free online at www.blackwell-synergy.com
Detection of chlamydial antigenic material in ovarian, prostatic, ectopic pregnancy and semen samples of culture-negative subjects.

Munksgaard, Copenhagen PROBLEM: The pathogenesis of long-term sequelae in Chlamydia trachomatis infection is poorly understood. While serology indicates previous chlamydial infection, culture studies are frequently negative. We wanted to know whether in chronic cases the bacterium is absent or persists in a dormant state where it evades detection. METHODS OF STUDY: Using immunoperoxidase (IP) staining and in situ hybridization (ISH), we examined tissues of culture-negative subjects. Ovarian biopsy specimens from 19 culture-negative women with pelvic adhesions and/or tubal infertility were analyzed by both methods, Samples of prostates from 10 culture-negative men undergoing prostatectomy for benign hypertrophy, two sets of semen samples from culture-negative sexual partners of 28 women with PID and/or bacterial vaginosis (BV), and ten endometrium-tube sample-pairs from ectopic pregnancies (EPs) were examined by IP only. RESULTS: Seven of the nineteen ovarian specimens tested positive for Chlamydia antigen or deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) (36%). Of the 10 hypertrophic prostates examined, 4 (40%) were positive. Of the 28 semen samples examined, 10 (35%) tested positive. Tissue samples of 3 cases of EP were positive by IP. CONCLUSIONS: 1. C. trachomatis antigen and nucleic acid can be frequently demonstrated in asymptomatic, culture-negative men and women with chronic infection. 2. Chlamydia antigens may have an etiologic role in benign prostate hypertrophy and EP. 3. Antigenic material may be sexually transmissible. 4. IP and ISH identify temporarily inactive bacteria that may continue to act as immunostimulants and potentially reactivate as Chlamydia infection.
Fungicidal Effects of Glyphosate and Glyphosate Formulations on Four Species of Entomopathogenic Fungi

Abstract Fungicidal effects of glyphosate and glyphosate formulations on the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin, Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, Nomuraea rileyi (Farlow) Samson, and Neozygites floridana Weiser & Muma were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Media previously inoculated with entomopathogenic fungi were exposed to distilled water, glyphosate (active ingredient), seven glyphosate formulations, and five blank formulations (carrier only). The fungicidal activity was determined by measuring inhibition in mycelial growth in solid media (B. bassiana, M. anisopliae, and N. rileyi), and spore concentration in liquid medium (N. floridana). Glyphosate did not have fungicidal activity against any of the fungi tested. Fungicidal properties of glyphosate formulations varied among fungal species. Neozygites floridana and M. anisopliae were susceptible to all glyphosate formulations. RoundUp Ready-To-Use was consistently the glyphosate formulation with one of the...
JUSTICE RETOLD: THE SEMINAL NARRATIONS OF THE TRIAL OF THE JUDEAN KING

Many legal systems have foundational stories about their provenance, serving to heighten the stature and authority of the normative order. Yet, these primary myths are often complicated by secondary ones that describe later climactic moments. A prevalent plot of this latter kind involves a defiant political actor who contests the jurisdiction of the courts and relates the legal order's response to this daunting challenge. The crucible of struggle forges a formidable legal institution that can withstand assault or a weaker one that limply survives.Such stories captivate the collective legal imagination of a paideic community, a process first analyzed by the late Robert Cover. Hence they are preserved, told, and retold. However, the morals of secondary stories are more variable. Precisely because they examine moments of disturbance and conflict their implications are frequently in dispute. Thus, the very act of narration aims to amplify core truths implicit in these tales and announce their essential lessons.The narrative history of the epic “trial of the Judean king” among Jews in antiquity and late antiquity affords a striking instance of this phenomenon. Making a lasting impression on the Jewish legal imagination of this period, the trial's impact and perpetual legacy are nevertheless highly contested. While the enduring lesson of the trial revolves around the relationship between law and power, what that legacy is depends entirely on the way the tale of the trial is told and, perhaps more importantly, retold.
Evaporation-Induced Cavitation in Nanofluidic Channels: Dynamics and Origin

In this chapter, we report a new mode of heterogeneous cavitation, i.e. evaporation-induced cavitation in water-filled hydrophilic nanochannels under enormous negative pressures. The liquid menisci in nanochannels are observed to be pinned at the entrance while vapor bubbles form and expand inside during the evaporation. It is observed that the growth rate of the vapor bubbles is controlled by water evaporation at the channel entrance, which is actually significantly enhanced due to absence of vapor diffusion along the nanochannel. We also report previously unexplored bubble nucleation, growth, stability, translational symmetry and dynamics that seem to be unique at the nanoscale.
God as alpha male

Reviews the book, "The power of faith: Mother Nature's gift" by Jay D. Glass (2007). In this book, Glass argues that "In the original state of nature, for both animals and humans, loyalty to a Supreme Being (aka dominant male, king, warlord, etc.) offered protection from enemies and provided the necessities to sustain life. Those that did not put their faith and trust in a god-like figure did not survive to produce the next generation." However, Glass is not suggesting that religious devotion is a peculiar anachronism that we ought to outgrow. Far from it! Instead, Glass proposes that on the one hand, "God is a fiction, a creation of our rationalizing human brain. On the other hand, the message within the answer is that if the origin of our religious faith is in our genes, we have no choice but to put our faith and trust in God, even though in the realm of logic he does not exist." The power of faith offers much to critique. Yet, it has its redeeming virtues. There is something compelling in Glass's basic hypothesis, not least the widespread human tendency toward abasement before a Supreme Being, as well as the stubborn tenacity of belief itself. It is accordingly my guess that despite its flaws, The power of faith captures at least part of a genuine and provocative truth, warranting the attention of those evolutionary psychologists interested in the biological underpinnings of religious faith. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
Jewish identity in the sunbelt: the jewish population of orlando, florida

This paper presents important results from a population survey of Orlando and compares its geographic, demographic, religious and philanthropic profile with the results of other Florida communities and with those of NJPS. Orlando appears to mirror the national picture relatively well, but is very different from the other Florida communities. In part, the differences from the other Florida communities are attributable to the fact that the population of Orlando is significantly younger.
The Larvae of the Army Ants

Army ants are among the most notorious insects of the tropics. They have been written about by travelers and studied by entomologists for more than a century. But their larvae, by contrast, are seldom seen and have received comparatively scant attention even from myrmecologists.
First-Name Stereotypes and Expected Academic Achievement of Students:

This study explored Garwood's hypothesis that the expected academic achievement of a student is influenced by the stereotype associated with the name assigned to that student. The given names of 24 students were randomly chosen from the upper and 24 from the lower 10% of a small college population. The list was given to the subjects (45 students and 30 teachers) who were asked to place each name either in the upper or lower group. The names included in the honor group received higher ratings by the subjects than those in the remedial group.
Eliciting Frontstage and Backstage Talk with the Iterated Questioning Approach

This article advances interviewing methods by introducing the authors’ original contribution: the iterated questioning approach (IQA). This interviewing technique augments the interviewer’s methodological arsenal by exploiting insights from symbolic interactionism, particularly Goffman’s concepts of frontstage and backstage. IQA consists of sequenced iterations of a baseline question designed to elicit multiple forms of talk. The approach consists of four distinct steps: (1) establishing the baseline iterated question, (2) eliciting frontstage talk, (3) going backstage, and (4) eliciting backstage talk. To illuminate IQA’s versatility, transcript excerpts are reproduced from interviews with two very different populations: disadvantaged high school students and business professionals. IQA promises to invigorate future interview-based inquiry by offering significant advantages compared with conventional interviewing procedures. IQA’s theoretically informed question design offers a more formalized and struct...
Performance and Flame Visualization of Dicyclopentadiene Rocket Propellants with Metal Hydride Additives

The addition of metal hydride improves the combustion performance of hybrid rocket fuels due to increased combustion temperature and hydrogen addition. However, the flame zone structure sensitivity to the addition of metal hydride has not been directly studied. This paper examines visible solid fuel flame height measurements and confirms these results with CH* chemiluminescence in an optically accessible combustor. In addition, the fuel combustion performance is considered using a traditional hybrid rocket combustor as a comparison to the optical chamber results. This paper investigates dicyclopentadiene as the primary fuel binder in gaseous oxygen flow. NaBH4 is studied as a fuel additive and is compared to aluminum and mechanically activated aluminum-polytetrafluoroethylene. Twenty-five wt % NaBH4 increases the regression rate of dicyclopentadiene by 19% due to increased hydrogen release into the flame zone. Enhanced blowing from the 25 wt % NaBH4 decomposition increases the dicyclopentadiene flame heig...
Derivation and validation of rotational stiffness for one new type of flexible hinge

The paper is about a design of a flexible hinges based on the structure of the arc sheet which is based on theories of mechanics and calculus.It gives the derivation process of the approximate formula of the rotational stiffness of the structure,draws the curve of rotational stiffness which is effected by three key parameters such as the internal diameter of the curved panel.Then,it gives the simulation calculation formula of rotational stiffness relying on the finite element software.Finally the accuracy of the rotational stiffness of the analytic and simulation model is verified by the Stiffness test on the real sample.
Effect of H ion concentration on eluting poliomyelitis virus from cotton fiber.

SummaryA method is reported for eluting the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis virus from cotton swabs. This virus is eluted best from cotton when the diluent is alkaline at pH 8.0. To obtain optimal mortality (morbidity) rates the eluate should be made acid (pH 4.6, etc.) before it is inoculated into mice.
Communication: Contrasting effects of glycerol and DMSO on lipid membrane surface hydration dynamics and forces

Glycerol and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) are commonly used cryoprotectants in cellular systems, but due to the challenges of measuring the properties of surface-bound solvent, fundamental questions remain regarding the concentration, interactions, and conformation of these solutes at lipid membrane surfaces. We measured the surface water diffusivity at gel-phase dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) bilayer surfaces in aqueous solutions containing ≤7.5 mol. % of DMSO or glycerol using Overhauser dynamic nuclear polarization. We found that glycerol similarly affects the diffusivity of water near the bilayer surface and that in the bulk solution (within 20%), while DMSO substantially increases the diffusivity of surface water relative to bulk water. We compare these measurements of water dynamics with those of equilibrium forces between DPPC bilayers in the same solvent mixtures. DMSO greatly decreases the range and magnitude of the repulsive forces between the bilayers, whereas glycerol increases it. We propose that the differences in hydrogen bonding capability of the two solutes leads DMSO to dehydrate the lipid head groups, while glycerol affects surface hydration only as much as it affects the bulk water properties. The results suggest that the mechanism of the two most common cryoprotectants must be fundamentally different: in the case of DMSO by decoupling the solvent from the lipid surface, and in the case of glycerol by altering the hydrogen bond structure and intermolecular cohesion of the global solvent, as manifested by increased solvent viscosity.
Aryne Compatible Solvents are not Always Innocent.

Arynes are important and versatile intermediates in a variety of transformations. Commonly used solvents for aryne chemistry include acetonitrile and dichloromethane. Although rarely reported, the reactive nature of aryne intermediates makes them prone to side reactions, which sometimes involve solvent participation. Acetonitrile and dichloromethane are not always innocent solvents and can participate in aryne-based reactions. These results are presented in the context of ongoing mechanistic investigations of the triple aryne–tetrazine reaction.
Avian Species and Functional Diversity in Agricultural Landscapes: Does Landscape Heterogeneity Matter?

While the positive relationship between avian diversity and habitat heterogeneity is widely accepted, it is primarily based on observed species richness without accounting for imperfect detection. Other facets of diversity such as functional diversity are also rarely explored. We investigated the avian diversity-landscape heterogeneity relationship in agricultural landscapes by considering two aspects of diversity: taxonomic diversity (species richness) estimated from a multi-species dynamic occupancy model, and functional diversity (functional evenness [FEve] and divergence [FDiv]) based on traits of occurring species. We also assessed how agricultural lands enrolled in a conservation program managed on behalf of declining early successional bird species (hereafter CP38 fields, an agri-environment scheme) influenced avian diversity. We analyzed breeding bird data collected at CP38 fields in Mississippi, USA, during 2010–2012, and two principal components of environmental variables: a gradient of heterogeneity (Shannon’s landscape diversity index) and of the amount of CP38 fields (percent cover of CP38 fields; CP38). FEve did not show significant responses to environmental variables, whereas FDiv responded positively to heterogeneity and negatively to CP38. However, most FDiv values did not significantly differ from random expectations along an environmental gradient. When there was a significant difference, FDiv was lower than that expected. Unlike functional diversity, species richness showed a clear pattern. Species richness increased with increasing landscape heterogeneity but decreased with increasing amounts of CP38 fields. Only one species responded negatively to heterogeneity and positively to CP38. Our results suggest that the relationships between avian diversity and landscape heterogeneity may vary depending on the aspect of diversity considered: strong positive effects of heterogeneity on taxonomic diversity, but weakly positive or non-significant effects on functional diversity. Our results also indicate that effectiveness of CP38 in conserving avian diversity, particularly, taxonomic diversity, could be limited without the consideration of landscape heterogeneity.
Predictability of first-year weight loss in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy

Bariatric surgery is a significant investment for the patient and weight loss team. In some cases, this includes a requirement for pre-operative weight loss despite the lack of evidence for a correlation with successful outcomes. We sought to determine whether weight loss on a short, immediate pre-operative diet, as well as across the medical weight loss program, would correlate with 1-year outcomes of patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). All patients having a LSG between March 2013 and March 2016 were reviewed. Demographics and biometrics [weight, body mass index (BMI)] were collected at initial, day of surgery and follow-up (2 weeks, 6 weeks, 4 months, and 1 year). Pre-operative weight loss was determined both cumulative (initial to day of surgery) and for the pre-operative diet (2 weeks). Weight loss and percent excess weight loss (%EWL) were calculated and correlated at all time points. A total of 127 patients were reviewed for this study. The mean %EWL at 1-year follow-up was 47 ± 18%. Weight loss achieved on a 2-week pre-operative diet did not correlate with weight outcomes at 1-year follow-up (r = 0.134, p = 0.40); however, cumulative pre-operative weight loss had a modest correlation (r = 0.443, p < 0.01). Post-operative %EWL at 4 months had the best correlation with longer term weight loss (r = 0.730, p < 0.01). Pre-operative performance is not a good predictor for 1-year outcomes in LSG. Better correlation was observed in %EWL at post-surgery visits. Following the patient’s trajectory post-operatively may provide a window for intervention to improve weight loss.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies of the F• + H–F Transition-State Region by Photodetachment of [F–H–F]−

The transition-state (TS) region of the simplest heavy-light-heavy type of reaction, F• + H–F → F–H + F•, is investigated in this work by a joint experimental and theoretical approach. Photodetaching the bifluoride anion, [F···H···F]−, generates a negative ion photoelectron (NIPE) spectrum with three partially resolved bands in the electron binding energy (eBE) range of 5.4–7.0 eV. These bands correspond to the transition from the ground state of the anion to the electronic ground state of [F–H–F]• neutral, with associated vibrational excitations. The significant increase of eBE of the bifluoride anion, relative to that of F–, reflects a hydrogen bond energy between F– and HF of ∼46 kcal/mol. Theoretical modeling reveals that the antisymmetric motion of H between the two F atoms, near the TS on the neutral [F–H–F]• surface, dominates the observed three bands, while the F–H–F bending, F–F symmetric stretching modes, and the couplings between them are calculated to account for the breadth of the observed sp...
Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with milk leukocyte phenotypes following experimental challenge with Streptococcus uberis.

Mastitis is a detrimental disease in the dairy industry that decreases milk quality and costs upwards of $2 billion annually. Often, mastitis results from bacteria entering the gland through the teat opening. Streptococcus uberis is responsible for a high percentage of subclinical and clinical mastitis. Following an intramammary experimental challenge with S. uberis on Holstein cows (n = 40), milk samples were collected and somatic cell counts (SCC) were determined by the Dairy Herd Improvement Association Laboratory. Traditional genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have utilized test day SCC or SCC lactation averages to identify loci of interest. Our approach utilizes SCC collected following a S. uberis experimental challenge to generate three novel phenotypes: (1) area under the curve (AUC) of SCC for 0–7 days and (2) 0–28 days post-challenge; and (3) when SCC returned to below 200,000 cells/mL post-challenge ( 28 days). Polymorphisms were identified using Illumina’s BovineSNP50 v2 DNA BeadChip. Associations were tested using Plink software and identified 16 significant (p < 1.0 × 10−4) single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) across the phenotypes. Most significant SNPs were in genes linked to cell signaling, migration, and apoptosis. Several have been recognized in relation to infectious processes (ATF7, SGK1, and PACRG), but others less so (TRIO, GLRA1, CELSR2, TIAM2, CPE). Further investigation of these genes and their roles in inflammation (e.g., SCC) can provide potential targets that influence resolution of mammary gland infection. Likewise, further investigation of the identified SNP with mastitis and other disease phenotypes can provide greater insight to the potential of these SNP as genetic markers.
Enhancing Early Childhood Mental Health Primary Care Services: Evaluation of MA Project LAUNCH

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of an innovative early childhood mental health intervention, Massachusetts Project LAUNCH. Early childhood mental health clinicians and family partners (paraprofessionals with lived experience) were embedded within community pediatric medical homes. Methods A longitudinal study design was used to test the hypotheses that (1) children who received services would experience decreased social, emotional and behavioral problems over time and (2) caregivers’ stress and depressive symptoms would decrease over time. Families who were enrolled in services and who consented to participate in the evaluation study were included in analyses (N = 225). Individual growth models were used to test longitudinal effects among MA LAUNCH participants (children and caregivers) over three time points using screening tools. Results Analyses showed that LAUNCH children who scored in age-specific clinically significant ranges of social, emotional and behavioral problems at Time 1 scored in the normal range on average by Time 3. Caregivers’ stress and depressive symptoms also declined across the three time points. Results support hypotheses that the LAUNCH intervention improved social and emotional health for children and caregivers. Conclusions for Practice This study led to sustainability efforts, an expansion of the model to three additional communities across the state and development of an online toolkit for other communities interested in implementation.
Sterically constraining photoluminescence. X-ray crystal structure of a bulky platinum(II) α-diimine complex

The photoluminescence study of a series of platinum(II) α -diimine complexes revealed a dramatic decrease in steady-state phosphorescence intensity when the diimine ligand was substituted in the 2 and 9 positions. Therefore, the molecular structure of the complex Pt(2,9-dmp)(mes)2 (where mes = 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl, and 2,9-dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) was determined by X-ray diffraction methods: monoclinic, space group P21/N, a = 7.9335(7), b = 21.952(3), c = 15.3103(3) A, β = 93.4980(5), Z = 4, R = 0.070, R w = 0.045. The complex has significant distortions from the ideal square planar geometry which may be responsible for the lack of detectable phosphorescence as compared with those complexes lacking substituents in the 2 and 9 positions on the diimine ligand.
Chapter 29 The economics of smoking

Abstract While the tobacco industry ranks among the most substantial and successful of economic enterprises, tobacco consumption is associated with more deaths than any other product. Economic analysis of the markets for tobacco products, particularly cigarettes, has contributed considerable insight to debates about the importance of the industry and the appropriate roles of public policy in grappling with the health consequences of tobacco. Certainly the most significant example of this phenomenon has been the rapidly expanding and increasingly sophisticated body of research on the effects of price increases on cigarette consumption. Because excise tax comprises an important component of price, the resultant literature has played a prominent role in legislative debates about using taxation as a principal tool to discourage smoking. In addition to informing legislative debates, this literature has contributed both theory and empirical evidence to the growing interest in modeling the demand for addictive products. This chapter examines this body of research in detail, as well as a variety of equity and efficiency concerns accompanying debates about cigarette taxation. Coverage also includes economic analysis of the role of other tobacco control policies, such as restrictions on advertising, of special interest due to their prominence in debates about tobacco control. The chapter concludes with consideration of research addressing the validity of the tobacco industry's argument that its contributions to employment, tax revenues, and trade balances are vital to the economic health of states and nations. This argument is one of the industry's principal weapons in its battle against policy measures intended to reduce tobacco product consumption.
Transcendental Negotiations: Creating Value with Transgenerational Negotiations

This chapter aims to encourage negotiators to not only pursue their desire to create value through their short-term deals but also to strive to achieve more elusive evolutionary solutions that will impact future generations. Future generations include future interactions between the parties, general developments in society, and, literally, interactions between negotiators’ descendants. We introduce the moral pillars that can support such transcendental negotiations and encourage readers to practice these pillars in their next negotiations. A brief review of negotiation theory is presented, laying the groundwork for introducing a type of negotiation, as an alternative to the commonly-discussed distributive and integrative categories. In this alternative framing of interaction, negotiators transcend the transaction and break away from the paradigm of individualism, which dictates that the only possible way to achieve success is by manipulating others, emphasizing personal gain and selfishness.
Design of E- and W-Band Low-Noise Amplifiers in 22-nm CMOS FD-SOI

This article presents E- and W-band low-noise amplifiers (LNA) in GlobalFoundries 22-nm CMOS fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI). Both amplifiers employ a three-stage cascode design with gain-boosting transformer loads. Design procedures are presented for E- and W-band LNAs for narrowband and wideband applications. The E-band LNA focuses on a high-gain, low-power implementation, and results in a gain and noise figure (NF) of 20 and 4.6 dB at 77 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 12 GHz, and an input P1dB of −27.4 dBm, for a power consumption of 9 mW. The W-band LNA focuses on wideband applications and results in a peak gain of 18.2 dB with a 3-dB bandwidth of 31 GHz, for a power consumption of 16 mW. The LNAs have a high figure-of-merit (FoM) and show very low-power operation in the 70–100 GHz range. Application areas are in phased arrays for 5G with hundreds or thousands of elements, automotive radars at 77 GHz, and sensors at 94 GHz.
Is the Gender Gap in Overdose Deaths (Still) Decreasing? An Examination of Opioid Deaths in Delaware, 2013-2017.

Objective:Drug overdoses among men have historically outnumbered those among women by a large margin. Yet, U.S. research on the first wave of the opioid epidemic involving prescription opioids has ...
Initiation of Emicizumab Therapy in an Adult Patient With Hemophilia A With Inhibitors and Associated Drug Cost Savings

Objective: To report the utilization of emicizumab in a patient with severe hemophilia A with inducible inhibitors and the reduction of drug costs related to decreased on-demand recombinant factor ...
Uso Apropiado y Manipulación de Glifosato en Viveros de Plantas

El glifosato es el quimico de proteccion para cultivos mas vendido en el mundo y el herbicida mos usado en la industria de viveros de plantas en los Estados Unidos. El glifosato es usado para el control post emergente de malezas. Esta publicacion describe el uso adecuado de glifosato para los productores de plantas y sus empleados. This 4-page fact sheet was written by Shawn T. Steed, Robert H. Stamps, and Rodrigo Diaz, and published by the UF Department of Environmental Horticulture, February 2013. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/ep470
Optimization of nonatitanate electrodes for sodium-ion batteries

NaTi3O6(OH)·2H2O, also known as “sodium nonatitanate” (NNT) can undergo reversible sodium (de)insertion at low potentials centered around 0.3 V. The low average insertion potential and high theoretical capacity (∼200 mA h g−1 based on site considerations) suggest that it can be a promising high energy density anode material for sodium-ion batteries. However, its low practical capacity, poor capacity retention, and low initial coulombic efficiency require further material and electrode optimization. Herein, the optimization of the material properties of NNT as well as electrode engineering were used to improve these aspects of the electrochemical performance. Characterization tools including pair distribution function analysis, synchrotron X-ray diffraction, and soft and hard X-ray absorption spectroscopy were utilized to probe details of the crystal and electronic structure. Upon drying, rearrangement of the sodium ions in the interlayer space and formation of O–Na–O bridges occur. Hard and soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy show that charge transfer occurs upon discharge of the material in sodium half-cells, consistent with a reversible reductive intercalation mechanism. The best-performing electrodes were dehydrated at 500 °C, and the highest initial capacities of about 200 mA h g−1 were obtained when a CMC binder was used and NNT was carbon-coated. Wrapping NNT with only 1 wt% graphene also resulted in improved performance.
Thank You Message from the Editor-in-Chief

This is a bittersweet farewell as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Feminist Family Therapy. After seven years in this position, it is time to pass on the reins and share the opportunity to serve a...
Online Prediction of Battery Discharge and Estimation of Parasitic Loads for an Electric Aircraft

Predicting whether or not vehicle batteries contain sufficient charge to support operations over the remainder of a given flight plan is critical for electric aircraft. This paper describes an approach for identifying upper and lower uncertainty bounds on predictions that aircraft batteries will continue to meet output power and voltage requirements over the remainder of a flight plan. Battery discharge prediction is considered here in terms of the following components; (i) online battery state of charge estimation; (ii) prediction of future battery power demand as a function of an aircraft flight plan; (iii) online estimation of additional parasitic battery loads; and finally, (iv) estimation of flight plan safety. Substantial uncertainty is considered to be an irremovable part of the battery discharge prediction problem. However, high-confidence estimates of flight plan safety or lack of safety are shown to be generated from even highly uncertain prognostic predictions.
Validating a Computerized Program for Supporting Visual Analysis During Functional Analysis: The Problem Behavior Multilevel Interpreter (PB.MI)

Computerized programs have been specifically developed in the field of applied behavior analysis for the purpose of automating data collection. Although they can potentially improve practicality of data collection for applied researchers and clinicians, program features of existing computerized programs do not include graphs and data interpretation generated in real time. We developed the Problem Behavior Multilevel Interpreter (PB.MI), which is designed to (a) allow for ongoing visual analysis of data displayed in real time and (b) support visual analysis with a computerized interpretation of functional control. The program was intended to be used during the functional analysis of problem behavior, specifically the single-session, interview-informed synthesized contingency analysis. In this article, we describe the program’s functioning abilities and how we validated those abilities. In addition, we discuss the PB.MI program’s practical utility.
Culture and the Family: An Application to Educational Choices in Italy

In this essay we show that family background is crucial in determining the choice of high school in Italy. It is the choice of high school that then determines subsequent academic performance. The evidence suggests that graduating from a general high school increases the probability of attending university, whereas no effect can be found for family background. The fact that the majority of students with a poor family background tend to go to technical schools, following family suggestions, has an impact in prolonging the low level of educational mobility and leading to a low rate of college graduates in Italy.
A Factor Analytic Study of the Demographic Characteristics of Incarcerated Male and Female Juvenile Offenders.

A factor analytic study of the behavioral and demographic variables that describe male and female juvenile offenders (N = 172) in a southern correctional facility identified 10 factors for females and 6 for males. Items clustered much as anticipated for both groups, with family conflicts and individual neurotic traits forming clusters.
Acute myocardial infarction in pregnancy with subsequent medical and surgical management

Background : Myocardial infarction is a rare event in pregnancy that requires medical stabilization with possible surgical interventions. Case : A 37-year-old woman developed an anterior wall myocardial infarction secondary to severe coronary artery disease during the early third trimester of pregnancy. The patient was managed with multiple modalities to stabilize her condition and prolong the gestation. The salient points in the management included: defibrillation and pharmacologic agents, intra-aortic balloon pump, coronary artery bypass graft surgery using a cardiopulmonary bypass pump while maintaining continuous fetal heart rate monitoring, and delivery of the neonate at term. Conclusion : Aggressive management of this patient allowed continuation of pregnancy with good outcome for mother and neonate.
Utility benefits of electronic demand recorder application, translation software, and communication

Rural electric cooperatives face problems related to rates, cost pressures, threats of merger or acquisitions, low load factors, territorial conflicts, and deregulation. It is shown how the application of the electronic recording system can help deal with these problems. An integrated approach involving three major components, electronic recorders, communication, and data translation, is proposed. The system can be used for applications such as distribution studies, real-time pricing, interruptible rates, utility and customer load profile data analysis, rate design, and load management. >
Reducing patient radiation dosage during pediatric SVT ablations using an "ALARA" radiation reduction protocol in the modern fluoroscopic era.

Background Ablation for supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) relies upon fluoroscopy (fluoro), which exposes the patient and staff to ionizing radiation. The objective of this work was to present a new “ALARA—As Low As Reasonably Achievable” protocol with alterations to fluoroscopic x-ray parameters to reduce dose without an electroanatomical (EAM) approach. Methods All patients <21 years of age undergoing ablation of SVT at our institution from June 2011 to April 2012 were included. EAM was not utilized in any case. An ALARA protocol of low frame rates (2 or 3 fps), low fluoro dose/frame (10–18 nGy/frame), and other techniques aimed at reducing use of fluoroscopy were employed. Demographics, procedural, and radiation data were analyzed. Results Forty-two patients underwent ablation and were studied. Median age was 14.1 years (range 4.8–21.1 years), weight was 51 kg (range 18.2–75 kg), and body surface area was 1.51 m2 (range 0.72– 1.94 m2). Seventeen (41%) had Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 14 (33%) atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia, and 11 (26%) concealed pathways. Median procedural time was 114 minutes (57–246 minutes). Median dose area product (DAP) for posterioanterior and lateral fluoroscopy was 343.2 uGym2 (range 38.2–3,172 uGym2); the median air Kerma product (K) was 45.4 mGy (range 6.7–567.5 mGy). DAP and K are lower than prior data from EAM and fluoroscopy techniques. The acute success rate was 95%; no procedural complications. Conclusions An ALARA protocol for ablation of SVT reduced radiation to below levels previously reported for combined EAM/fluoro approaches. Success rates were excellent with no complications and without the costs of EAM.
Sugar transport. VII. Lactose transport in Staphylococcus aureus.

Abstract Evidence is presented for the physiological role of the phosphoenolpyruvate:lactose phosphotransferase system in the utilization of lactose by Staphylococcus aureus. The concept is that this organism takes up lactose (and other sugars) by group translocation, i.e. the sugar is phosphorylated while it traverses the cell membrane, and that the phosphotransferase system is responsible for this process. A study of mutants defective in proteins of the phosphotransferase system provided evidence to support this interpretation. Mutants lacking Enzyme I were unable to ferment a variety of sugars, and could not take up methyl α-glucopyranoside (an analogue of glucose) or thiomethyl β-galactopyranoside (an analogue of lactose). Mutants defective in Enzyme IIlac or Factor IIIlac of the phosphotransferase system were also incapable of transporting thiomethyl β-galactopyranoside, but transported methyl α-glucopyranoside at normal rates. Since the mutants were derived from a constitutive strain, the inability of the Enzyme IIlac (or Factor IIIlac) mutants to transport lactose or its analogues cannot be explained by lack of induction of the lactose operon. The mutants did not catalyze a facilitated diffusion process, therefore indicating that the phosphotransferase system is responsible for translocation per se, and that it does not act as "a sugar trap." Preliminary evidence suggests that galactose 6-phosphate is metabolized in S. aureus by conversion to galactonic acid 6-phosphate.
Progress and Perils in the Juvenile Justice and Mental Health Movement

The juvenile justice system in the United States is experiencing a social movement aimed at responding to the mental and emotional problems of delinquent youths. Ironically, this movement arose in the wake of a decade of reform in juvenile justice that had set aside the system's 100-year tradition of rehabilitation for delinquents in the interests of their punishment and a primary emphasis on public safety. This article describes the recent juvenile justice and mental health movement, discusses the circumstances that motivated it, and provides examples of its progress. Now that the movement has taken hold, however, its future is threatened by several unintended consequences of the motives and strategies of those who succeeded in promoting the movement. Those potential perils are described with an eye to reducing their impact, thereby sustaining the movement and its potentially positive effects.