cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Intramucosal Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Arising Within a Tubulovillous Adenoma With High- Grade Dysplasia of the Rectosigmoid Colon Treated With Polypectomy

High-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) has been previously reported to arise within preexisting adenoma but is usually at an advanced stage and carries a dismal prognosis and is almost always treated with surgical resection. Intramucosal NECs treated with polypectomy have not been reported. Herein, we report the first case of intramucosal NEC treated by polypectomy. An 87-year-old white male was referred to the Cleveland Clinic for a polyp detected in an outside hospital. A 40 mm sessile polyp was visualized in the recto-sigmoid colon using flexible sigmoidoscopy. Polypectomy was performed and histopathology revealed multiple fragments of tubulovillous adenoma (TVA) with extensive high-grade dysplasia (HGD). Notably, there was a focus (1 mm) of NEC confined to lamina propria and intimately related to the adenomatous component. This focus of intramucosal NEC was confirmed by its strong and diffuse synaptophysin and chromogranin A immunoreactivity and near 100% Ki-67 labeling index. Immunohistochemistry using a panel of antibodies against mismatch repair proteins was performed and both the adenomatous and NEC components had normal staining for MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, and MSH6. This, to the best of our knowledge, is the first case of intramucosal NEC treated with polypectomy reported to date. Patient was alive 1 year after polypectomy. Clinical behavior remains to be seen with long-term follow-ups. J Med Cases. 2016;7(5):174-177 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc1996w
The Rationale for EN Bloc Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection for Bladder Cancer Patients with Nodal Metastases: Long-Term Results

AbstractFrom August 1971 through June 1989, 591 consecutive patients underwent curative pelvic lymphadenectomy with en bloc radical cystectomy for bladder cancer. Of these patients 132 (22%) had pathologically proved nodal metastases. The incidence of positive nodes increased with increasing pathological stage of the primary tumor: stage PIS (0.75%), stage P1(13%), stage P2 (20%), stage P3a (24%), stage P3b (42%) and stage P4 (45%). The median followup for the 31 patients still alive was 5.5 years (range 2.6 to 18.8).Recurrent bladder cancer was documented in 89 patients (67%) with a median interval to progression of 1.5 years. Pelvic recurrence as the first site of progression was uncommon, occurring in 15 patients (11%). The actuarial 2, 3, 5 and 10-year survival rates were 55%, 38%, 29% and 20%, respectively. Increased risk of progression and death was associated with advanced pathological tumor stage (stage P3b or greater, p <0.001 and p <0.001, respectively) and 6 or more positive nodes (p <0.001 and...
Obtaining Access in Patients with Indwelling Vascular Access Devices

Chronic indwelling catheters are used increasingly for outpatient and inpatient therapy. Because more patients care for indwelling devices at home, indwelling lines are available to emergency department staff to draw blood and administer medications, blood products, and intravenous fluids. This article discusses the indications, complications, and methods of accessing chronic indwelling venous catheters.
Synthesis and Study of the Antimicrobial Action of Cecropin A-Melittin Hybrids with Aib Substitution

Cecropins [1] and melittins [2] are a group of potent antimicrobial peptides. The cecropin melittin analogs are highly antimicrobial [3], had antitumor activity [4] and cecropins are potent fungicides [5]. To understand the role of substitution of hydrophobic amino acids with hydrophilic amino acids and Aib, different substituted analogs were separately synthesized and their antimicrobial activity studied.
Cluster-based Weighted Oversampling for Ordinal Regression (CWOS-Ord)

A new oversampling method called Cluster-based Weighted Oversampling for Ordinal Regression (CWOS-Ord) is proposed for addressing ordinal regression with imbalanced datasets. Ordinal regression is a supervised approach for learning the ordinal relationship between classes. In many applications, the dataset is highly imbalanced where the instances of some classes (majority classes) occur much more frequently than instances of other classes (minority classes). This significantly degrades the classification performance as classifiers tend to strongly favor the majority classes. Standard oversampling methods can be used to improve the dataset class distribution; however, they do not consider the ordinal relationship between the classes. The proposed CWOS-Ord method aims to address this problem by first clustering minority classes and then oversampling them based on their distances and ordering relationship to other classes instances. The final size to oversample the clusters depends on their complexity and their initial size so that more synthetic instances are generated for more complex and smaller clusters while fewer instances are generated for less complex and larger clusters. As a secondary contribution, existing oversampling methods for two-class classification have been extended for ordinal regression. Results demonstrate that the proposed CWOS-Ord method provides significantly better results compared to other methods based on the performance measures. A new oversampling method for addressing ordinal regression with imbalanced datasets is presented.Minority classes are clustered by considering the instances of other classes.A new measurement is proposed to find the final size of clusters based on their complexity and initial size.Minority instances are oversampled based on their distances and ordering relationship to other classes instances.
The First Case of Intracranial Rosai Dorfman Disease (P4.263)

Objective: to report an interesting and informative case of an atypical presentation of a rare condition, Rosai Dorfman Disease (RDD) Background: RDD previously known as Sinus Histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (SHML), is a rare, idiopathic disease seen mainly in children and young adults. It typically presents with painless lymphadenopathy, fever, leukocytosis, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia.. To date only 5 cases of isolated epibulbar disease have been described in the literature. Case, Methods: An 80 year-old African-American woman presented with a history of a right orbital mass and complaints of worsening blurred vision and photophobia in the left eye. Her vision was NLP in the right and 20/60 in the left eye. She had a large, pink lesions under the superior bulbar conjunctiva of both eyes with concomitant cell and flare. MRI orbits, biopsies of right subconjunctival lesion and both retrobulbar lesions. Pathology showed histiocytes with abundant atypical reticular cytoplasm with phagocytosed lymphocytes. Immunohistochemical staining was S-100 positive, CD1a negative, and CD68 positive for histiocytes. Results: Enhancing soft tissue masses posterior to both globes, and masses in the cavernous sinus, cribriform plate, crista Galli, and interhemispheric fissure on either side of the falx, the left optic nerve sheath Conclusions: RDD is associated with massive cervical lymphadenopathy in 90[percnt] of patients, lymphadenopathy is also present inguinal (26[percnt]), axillary (24[percnt]), and mediastinal (15[percnt]). Up to 43[percnt] of patients presented with extranodal pathology, most frequently involving the skin, upper respiratory system, eyelid, orbit, bone, salivary glands, and the central nervous system. Our case is classified as RDD with orbital, uveal, epibulbar and intracranial involvement. The age of presentation is atypical, suggesting that RDD may masquerade as several entities and should be kept in the differential for patients with any combination of orbital masses, idiopathic uveitis, and subconjunctival lesions. Disclosure: Dr. Spaulding has nothing to disclose. Dr. Saraf has nothing to disclose. Dr. Essad has nothing to disclose. Dr. Christianson has nothing to disclose.
The Demise of the Affordable Care Act? Not So Fast.

Many expect the newly consolidated Republican government to follow through on campaign promises to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act. What kind of viable replacement will be proposed, how ...
External Validation of the New International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer Tumor, Node, and Metastasis 8th Edition Staging System and Updated T Descriptors in Determining Prognosis for Patients With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients With N3 Disease.

Abstract Objective The objective of this study is to externally validate the 8th Edition of the Tumor, Node, and Metastasis staging system and its updated T descriptors in patients with non–small cell lung cancer with N3 disease. Methods Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Chi-square test, Kaplan–Meier method, and Cox regression models were used in SPSS 23.0 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 7732 patients with non–small cell lung cancer with T1-4N3M0 disease from 1988 to 2013 were identified. A total of 1410 patients (18.2%) had T1N3 disease, 2491 patients (32.2%) had T2N3 disease, 1563 patients (20.2%) had T3N3 disease, and 2268 patients (29.3%) had T4N3 disease. The 5-year overall survival (OS) for the entire cohort was 8.4%. There was a significant difference in OS concerning T stage (T1N3: 10.8% vs. T2N3: 8.3% vs. T3N3: 8.1% vs. T4N3: 7.3%; P Conclusions The 8th Edition of the Tumor, Node, and Metastasis staging system significantly stratifies both overall and DSS between stages IIIB and IIIC among those with N3 disease. However, small absolute differences in 5-year outcomes between T stage may suggest limited clinical relevance.
Mujeres árabes de Colombia (Arab Women from Colombia) by Pilar Vargas A. and Luz Marina Suaza V. Bogotá: Planeta, 2011.

Mujeres arabes de Colombia (Arab Women from Colombia) by Pilar Vargas A. and Luz Marina Suaza V. Bogota: Planeta, 2011.
Human movement, cooperation and the effectiveness of coordinated vector control strategies.

Vector-borne disease transmission is often typified by highly focal transmission and influenced by movement of hosts and vectors across different scales. The ecological and environmental conditions (including those created by humans through vector control programmes) that result in metapopulation dynamics remain poorly understood. The development of control strategies that would most effectively limit outbreaks given such dynamics is particularly urgent given the recent epidemics of dengue, chikungunya and Zika viruses. We developed a stochastic, spatial model of vector-borne disease transmission, allowing for movement of hosts between patches. Our model is applicable to arbovirus transmission by Aedes aegypti in urban settings and was parametrized to capture Zika virus transmission in particular. Using simulations, we investigated the extent to which two aspects of vector control strategies are affected by human commuting patterns: the extent of coordination and cooperation between neighbouring communities. We find that transmission intensity is highest at intermediate levels of host movement. The extent to which coordination of control activities among neighbouring patches decreases the prevalence of infection is affected by both how frequently humans commute and the proportion of neighbouring patches that commits to vector surveillance and control activities. At high levels of host movement, patches that do not contribute to vector control may act as sources of infection in the landscape, yet have comparable levels of prevalence as patches that do cooperate. This result suggests that real cooperation among neighbours will be critical to the development of effective pro-active strategies for vector-borne disease control in today9s commuter-linked communities.
20: TWEETING #PODHBCU

This study analyzes the ways in which 2011 POD HBCUFDN Conference participants used Twitter to communicate about the annual meeting. Many messages mapped onto key faculty development priorities that were established in a prior large survey of faculty developers. However, important distinctions also arose, namely emphasis among tweeters on how faculty and students learn, faculty roles and rewards, and approaches to effectively engage in educational development work. We suggest that the conference backchannel served an important communicative function through development of social networks and resource sharing.
Disparities in hospital smoking cessation treatment by immigrant status.

Despite the efficacy of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in promoting smoking cessation, no studies have been done to evaluate NRT prescribing rates among immigrants, a vulnerable minority popula...
Investigating the effects of fiber surface treatment and alignment on mechanical properties of recycled carbon fiber composites

Abstract Recycled carbon fibers cost a fraction of virgin fibers and their composites can potentially achieve mechanical properties suitable for a wide range of applications. When recycled, carbon fibers usually become millimeter to centimeter long and emerge as a tangled mass analogous to cotton candy. In this work, recycled carbon fibers were processed into unidirectionally aligned and two-dimensional randomly oriented recycled carbon fiber mats. The surface of the recycled carbon fibers was probed to understand the significance of surface characteristics on the mechanical behavior of recycled carbon fiber composites. Tensile testing was used to determine the influence of fiber surface quality, aspect ratio, and alignment on mechanical properties of the composites. It is concluded that the processing has a significant effect on the properties of recycled fiber composites. An analytical model was validated and subsequently used to provide insight into viable methods for improving mechanical properties in recycled carbon fiber composites.
Otolaryngology boot camps: Current landscape and future directions

OBJECTIVES Simulation-based boot camps have gained popularity over the past few years, with some surgical specialties implementing mandatory national boot camps. However, there is no consensus in otolaryngology on boot camp timing, learner level, or curriculum. The purpose of this study is to examine the current landscape and gather opinions regarding future curriculum and standardization of boot camps in otolaryngology. METHODS A survey was developed to examine current resident participation and boot camp content while also seeking opinions regarding improving boot camp enrollment and standardizing curriculum. A cross-sectional survey of all otolaryngology residency program directors in the United States and Puerto Rico was performed via SurveyMonkey. Responses were collected anonymously, and results were analyzed by descriptive statistical analysis. RESULTS Of the 45% (48 of 106) who responded, 76.6% reported their residents participate in boot camps. The most common skills taught were basic suturing and airway management skills. The majority (95%) was likely to send residents to a local boot camp, with 56% favoring early postgraduate year (PGY)-1 participation and 42% favoring a 1-day boot camp. Subsidized expenses, improved regional access, and supplementary boot camp information would help the program director in their decision to send residents to boot camp. Only 32% felt boot camps should be standardized, and 27% felt they should be mandatory. CONCLUSION Many otolaryngology residency programs participate in boot camps. Additional data on the benefits of boot camps, improved access, and reduced financial burden may improve participation. Further discussion of ideal timing, PGY level, and standardized curriculum should occur in conjunction with the otolaryngology academic societies and oversight from accreditation and certifying bodies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA Laryngoscope, 129:2707-2712, 2019.
Diagnosis and rehabilitation of a pregnant woman with spinal cord disorder due to spinal cord tumor.

Introduction Spinal cord tumors are a rare cause of spinal cord disorder (SCD). Early diagnosis can be challenging, especially in patient populations with other potential etiologies for back pain, such as pregnant women. Case presentation A 28-year-old female presented at 8 weeks gestation with thoracic back pain initially diagnosed as gestational low back pain. Her symptoms progressed to lower extremity weakness. After diagnosis and resection of a spinal cord ependymoma, we collaborated with the inpatient interdisciplinary team to devise a rehabilitation program focused on minimizing pregnancy-related complications and optimizing care of a newborn in the setting of a new paraplegia. Discussion Providers should not assume all pregnant women with low back pain have gestational back pain, as it can be due to more insidious causes. The rehabilitation course for women who develop an SCD during gestation should be carefully tailored toward their pre- and post-natal care and with the education of how the disorder can affect pregnancy and parenting.
Growing the Brain: A New Perspective on Child Psychiatry

The author discusses the influence of her study of early development on her clinical work as a child psychiatrist and child analyst. She discusses three different results of this influence: (1) a major commitment to consultation to caregivers of young children, (2) greater clinical attention to regulation and growing regulatory competency, and (3) a shift in clinical emphasis from categorical diagnosis and medical or even psychoanalytic intervention to developmental formulation and scaffolding toward the goal of adaptive function. She describes some essential features of developmental theory that have had a profound effect on her thinking. She offers brief clinical examples to demonstrate her consultation to child caregivers, her attention to regulation, and her focus on developmental formulations and interventions. All of the interventions described—consultation to parents and other caregivers focus both on the child’s regulatory capacity and on developmental perspectives—have as their eventual goal “growing the child’s brain”.
Parents’ functional health literacy is associated with children’s health outcomes: Implications for health practice, policy, and research

Abstract Objectives Low health literacy has been identified as an important factor linked to negative health outcomes. However, little research has analyzed the relationship between parental health literacy and children’s health outcomes. This is particularly true regarding subgroups of immigrant families, which often face a greater risk of low health literacy and high health disparities. The present study aimed to address this gap by investigating the functional health literacy levels of immigrant and US-born parents and the relation of these functional health literacy levels to child health status. Methods The 2007 California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) was used to identify 5877 parents and their children aged 4–10 years. Parental functional health literacy level was assessed using two proxy items. Children’s health outcomes were measured by parents’ self-report. Weighted univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analyses were conducted using STATA 12.0. Results Latino US-born, Latino immigrant, and Asian immigrant parents reported significantly lower health literacy levels than their Asian US-born and non-Latino white US-born peers, who reported the highest health literacy levels. Higher parental functional health literacy was a significant correlate of positive child health outcomes only for children of Latino US-born, Latino immigrant, and Asian immigrant parents. Conclusions Parental functional health literacy levels varied significantly between groups. However, parental health literacy was significantly related to child health only for the groups that reported lower parental health literacy levels. Customized health literacy educational messages and intervention strategies should be developed to raise parental health literacy regarding their children in Latino US-born, Latino immigrant, and Asian immigrant parents.
Incorporating Climate Change Projections into Risk Measures of Index-Based Insurance

We use regional climate model projections to quantify long-term projected changes to risk measures for an example set of temperature index–based insurance products in California. This region is a m...
Characterization of the nonlinear salinity dependence of glass pH electrodes: A simplified spectrophotometric calibration procedure for potentiometric seawater pH measurements at 25 °C in marine and brackish waters: 0.5 ≤ S ≤ 36

Abstract Glass electrodes are commonly used to measure the pH of natural waters over various, sometimes wide, ranges of salinity (S). For such applications, the electrodes must be calibrated against solutions of known pH and salinity identical to those of the sample solutions. Well-characterized buffer solutions may be used for these calibrations, but if a wide range of salinity is to be encountered in the samples (e.g., as in estuarine transects), this approach is quite laborious. Previous work has demonstrated that for 28.5 5, was reliably consistent with theoretical expectations, such that repeat verification needs to be conducted only occasionally. Electrode intercept potential (E0), in contrast, was found to depend substantially on salinity: approximately linearly for 5 ≤ S ≤ 36 and substantially nonlinearly for 0.5 ≤ S
Trends in management and outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma following radical nephrouretectomy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center.

469Background: Although there have been changes in the treatment paradigm of patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) over the past 2 decades, there is limited data on the particular m...
¿Se puede hablar de solidaridad y defensa en la narrativa de Guaman Poma sobre los indios en “Buen gobierno”?

In the middle of discursive struggles, Guaman Poma spoke about the Indigenous people of the New World and informed the king about the impact of colonization in the Andes. ?What could this author do totransmit to the king an accurate representation of what he described? This essay reﬂects on the problems of representation when dealing with “others”, a crucial issue for Guaman Poma’s political and ethical goals.In this context, discourses of subalternity and human rights converged in a discussion about the issues of such discourses and their validity. This article suggests that there are areas pending of study about the intellectual production, justice and identity politics that are activated when Guaman Poma builds representation of Andean people.
Generalized Schrödinger equations with quadratical energy-dependence in the potential: Darboux transformations and application to the Heun class

We construct Darboux transformations of arbitrary order for generalized Schrodinger-type equations, the potentials of which are second-degree polynomials in the energy. Our equations are allowed to contain first-derivative terms with arbitrary coefficients, such as they occur, for example, in position-dependent mass scenarios. Our Darboux transformations are shown to be applicable to equations from the Heun class.
The Man Behind the Clagett Procedure: Dr Oscar Theron "Jim" Clagett.

Dr O.T. "Jim" Clagett was a pioneer in surgery of the great vessels and thorax. The procedure that bears his name for treatment of postpneumonectomy empyema was only one of his many innovations in aortic, lung, and esophageal surgery. He performed over 35,000 operations and trained over 115 residents during his tenure at Mayo Clinic. His distinguished career highlights include: helping develop the field of cardiothoracic surgery during its infancy, starting the Thoracic Surgery Residency Program at Mayo Clinic, serving in numerous institutional and national leadership roles, and countless awards.
p-Value, Hypothesis Testing, Strength of Evidence: Comment on “The Role of p-Values in Judging the Strength of Evidence and Realistic Replication Expectations”

We are grateful for the opportunity to enjoy reading the article by Dr. Eric Gibson (Gibson 2020). The article covers a lot of important subjects concerning strength of evidence very well. The sugg...
Breast Cell Cancer Progression Characterization Through Holographic Cytometry

We propose to use holographic cytometry to collect high throughput data on flowing tumorigenic and nontumorigenic cells. We aim to characterize different cell lines using machine learning and morphological parameters analysis.
Lyapunov Energy Function Based Control of a PV Based Current Source Inverter under Unbalanced Grid Voltage Condition

A photo-voltaic (PV) system based grid-connected current source inverter has been investigated in this paper. In this paper, a photovoltaic (PV) system based grid-connected current source inverter has been investigated. For obtaining the maximum power from the PV system, we have developed a Lyapunov energy function-based control scheme. Operation of the system under unbalanced grid voltage condition has been reported and a methodology to extract maximum power from the PV system is articulated. In addition, to achieve optimal performance of the Lyapunov energy function based power controller, an existing parameter update scheme is employed and an optimal performance of the overall system is achieved. Detailed analysis of the proposed power controller with the feature to operate successfully under unbalanced grid voltage condition has been substantiated and discussed along with the effect of parameter update on the overall control architecture. The proposed system is verified via software simulations in MATLAB/Simulink and PLECS domain and various case study results are presented which corroborate the efficacy of the proposed framework.
Wheat LEA genes, PMA80 and PMA1959, enhance dehydration tolerance of transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Drought and salt stresses are two major factors that lower plant productivity. Transgenic approaches offer powerful means to better understand and then minimize loss of yield due to these abiotic stresses. In this study, we have generated transgenic rice plants expressing a wheat LEA group 2 protein (PMA80) gene, and separately the wheat LEA group 1 protein (PMA1959) gene. Molecular analysis of the transgenic plants revealed the stable integration of the transgenes. Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of the LEA group 2 protein (39 kDa) and the LEA group 1 protein (25 kDa) in most of the plant lines. Second-generation transgenic plants were subjected to dehydration or salt stress. The results showed that accumulation of either PMA80 or PMA1959 correlates with increased tolerance of transgenic rice plants to these stresses.
Teacher Perception of Project-Based Learning in a Technology-infused Secondary School Culture: a Critical Ciné-ethnographic Study

Project-based learning has long been used in the educational realm as it emphasis a student-centered strategy which promotes meaning, enriched learning that enhances inquiry and problem-solving skills in a rich, authentic environment. The relevance and authentic design of projects may further be enhanced by the use of technology in the classroom. Technology is rapidly changing the face of American education in ways that were barely thinkable as little as five years before and provides the possibility for student to collaborate and complete complex project-based tasks with further level of authenticity which connects to the students preferred method of learning and productivity outside the classroom. At New Tech high school in Coppell, Texas, the entire curriculum is based around this project-based learning in a technology-infused classroom. This qualitative, case-based study is designed to explore and examine the teachers' perceptions of the use of project-based learning, technology in this non-traditional environment. The study also investigates the teacher perceptions of students' response to project-based learning and the technology available to them in their project-based tasks. Finally the study discusses the finding and their possible implications for traditional educational environments.
Liquids in multiorbital SU(N) magnets made up of ultracold alkaline-earth atoms

In this work we study one family of liquid states of k-orbital SU(N) spin systems, focusing on the case of k = 2 which can be realized by ultracold alkaline earth atoms trapped in optical lattices, with N as large as 10. Five different algebraic liquid states with selectively coupled charge, spin and orbital quantum fluctuations are considered. The algebraic liquid states can be stabilized with large enough N, and the scaling dimension of physical order parameters is calculated using a systematic 1/N expansion. The phase transitions between these liquid states are also studied, and all the algebraic liquid states discussed in this work can be obtained from one "mother" state with SU(2) x U(1) gauge symmetry.
The Structure of Legal Rules and the Analysis of Judicial Decisions

One of the most successful lines of inquiry in judicial politics has been the study of fact patterns, in which scholars have shown a general consistency between the facts of a case and judicial decisions across several areas of the law. These findings quantitatively illustrate how courts often follow legal rules, which define the relationship between case facts and case outcomes. In this paper, I argue that the methodological approach that political scientists have taken has left largely unstudied the true structure of legal rules and judicial decision making. After discussing why traditional statistical methods are too restrictive to capture the structure of legal rules and legal reasoning, I introduce the use of a largely unexplored method in political science - classification trees - to study the mapping between case facts and judicial outcomes. I argue that this method is more likely to capture the hierarchical and dichotomous nature of judicial decisions. Analyses of search and seizure and confession cases demonstrate that classification trees can increase our understanding of the structure of legal rules, as well as unify political science and legal conceptions of legal doctrine and judicial decision making.
AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF HEMOGLOBINS OF NORMAL NEGROES AND SICKLE-CELL ANEMICS

The recent electrophoretic experiments of Pauling, Itano, Singer, and Wells (1) have demonstrated that the hemoglobins of normal Negroes and of sickle-cell anemics are unlike; in a buffer of suitable pH the two components of a mixture of these hemoglobins migrate in opposite directions. On the basis of the difference in their isoelectric points, it was concluded that the hemoglobin of sickle-cell anemics has 2 to 4 more net positive charges per molecule than normal hemoglobin. There is evidence that the composition of the heme moiety is the same in both proteins; one hypothesis which has been advanced to explain the dissimilarity of the two hemoglobins assumes a difference in the number or kind of ionizable groups in the molecules, that is, in the acidic or basic amino acids of the globin. Thus, the observed difference in charge might result from a small decrease in the number of acidic amino acids or a small increase in the number of basic amino acids in the molecule of sickle-cell hemoglobin relative to that of normal hemoglobin or from relatively large alterations in amino acid content in which the charges were almost compensated. The object of the present study was to determine the amino acid composition of the two hemoglobins in order to ascertain the validity of this hypothesis. The analysis was made by means of the methods of starch chromatography which have recently been developed by Moore and Stein (2-6). The hydrolysates of two independently prepared samples of normal carbonmonoxyhemoglobin (to be referred to as N-Hb) and one sample of sickle-cell anemia hemoglobin (SC-Hb) have been analyzed. Approximately ten to fifteen individual determinations of each of seventeen amino acids and ammonia have been made by means of about 70 starch chromatograms.
THE RESTRUCTURING OF RETIREMENT IN THE UNITED STATES AS A CONSEQUENCE OF FALLING RATES OF PROFIT

Using data collected from the Census Bureau, the Bureau of Economic Analysis, and the Social Security Administration this paper links declining economic prospects in retirement to the structural dynamics of capitalist production. Because of a tendency toward overproduction and falling rates of profit, the extra economic costs of support for the aged have come under pressure. As a result personal savings have declined, the numbers of persons covered by pensions have fallen, and social security is threatened.
Friendly fire: understanding the effects of multiprocessor prefetches

Modern processors attempt to overcome increasing memory latencies by anticipating future references and prefetching those blocks from memory. The behavior and possible negative side effects of prefetching schemes are fairly well understood for uniprocessor systems. However, in a multiprocessor system a prefetch can steal read and/or write permissions for shared blocks from other processors, leading to permission thrashing and overall performance degradation. In this paper, we present a taxonomy that classifies the effects of multiprocessor prefetches. We also present a characterization of the effects of four different hardware prefetching schemes - sequential prefetching, content-directed data prefetching, wrong path prefetching and exclusive prefetching - in a bus-based multiprocessor system. We show that accuracy and coverage are inadequate metrics for describing prefetching in a multiprocessor; rather, we also need to understand what fraction of prefetches interferes with remote processors. We present an upper bound on the performance of various prefetching algorithms if no harmful prefetches are issued, and suggest prefetch filtering schemes that can accomplish this goal.
Cancer: A dendritic-cell brake on antitumour immunity

Activation of a cellular stress response and the transcription factor XBP1 in dendritic cells has now been shown to limit the cells' ability to stimulate antitumour immune responses in a mouse model of ovarian cancer.
OMB Review of Environmental Regulations: Limitations on the Courts and Congress

Office of Management and Budget (OMB) review of environmental regulations has come under increased scrutiny as environmental groups have charged OMB with using the regulatory review process to block and weaken environmental regulations. Arguing that OMB has acted in excess of its authority and in defiance of statutory directives, environmental groups have brought several lawsuits and promoted legislation designed to limit OMB involvement in the regulatory process. The groups claim that OMB's objective is simply to reduce industry costs and that OMB review has prevented the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) from effectively carrying out its statutory mandate to protect the environment. Regardless of one's views on the wisdom of OMB action, these efforts to sharply curtail OMB's powers of regulatory review are illadvised. They intrude on executive branch powers and seek relief that courts should not and arguably cannot grant. Though environmental groups may dislike the policies of the Reagan Administration, their attempts to persuade the courts to interfere with OMB review of regulations should be rejected. The relief that environmental groups are seeking would prevent the various offices and agencies within the executive branch from consulting with each other, severely restrict such consultations, or force disclosure of agency deliberations that should be privileged. Any such measures will necessarily impair executive branch decisionmaking and make it difficult for the President to ensure that agency regulations are consistent with Administration policy, thereby seriously undercutting Presidential authority. In addition, jurisdictional and constitutional limitations on intrusion into executive branch prerogatives must lead the courts and Congress to view attempts to use the judicial system to restrict OMB review of regulatory action with suspicion.
Modeling and portfolio optimization for stock prices dependent on external events

External events which affect stock prices are modeled in terms of finite state Markov processes, which may jump at scheduled or unscheduled times. Models for stock prices depending on these external events are set up. These stock price models may have price jumps at the occurrence times of the external events. For these types of stock price models the problem of choosing a portfolio policy to maximize the expected utility of the portfolio's value at a fixed terminal time is considered. Optimal portfolios for the cases of logarithmic and power utility functions are discussed.
Effects of Posttranslational Modifications on the Structure and Dynamics of Histone H3 N-Terminal Peptide

The highly conserved signature N-terminal peptide of histone protein H3 plays crucial roles in gene expression controls. We investigated the conformational changes of the peptide caused by lysine dimethylation and acetylation of the histone H3 N-terminal tail by molecular dynamics and replica-exchange molecular dynamics simulations. Our results suggest that the most populated structures of the modified H3 N-terminal peptides are very similar to those of the wild-type peptide. Thus, the modifications introduce marginal changes to the most favorable conformations of the peptides. However, the modifications have significant effects on the stabilities of the most populated states that depend on the modifications. Whereas dimethylation of lysine 4 or lysine 9 alone tends to stabilize the most populated states, double dimethylation and acetylation of both lysine 4 and lysine 9 reduce both the helical conformation and the stability of the most populated states significantly. The calculated melting temperatures showed that the doubly acetylated peptide has the lowest melting temperature (T(m) = 324 K), which is notably lower than the melting temperatures of the other four peptides (T(m) approximately 346-350 K). In light of the existing experimental evidence, we propose that the changes in the dynamics of the modified variants contribute to their different functional roles.
The response of face-selective cortex with single face parts and part combinations

A critical issue in object recognition research is how the parts of an object are analyzed by the visual system and combined into a perceptual whole. However, most of the previous research has examined how changes to object parts influence recognition of the whole, rather than recognition of the parts themselves. This is particularly true of the research on face recognition, and especially with questions related to the neural substrates. Here, we investigated patterns of BOLD fMRI brain activation with internal face parts (features) presented singly and in different combinations. A preference for single features over combinations was found in the occipital face area (OFA) as well as a preference for the two-eyes combination stimulus over other combination stimulus types. The fusiform face area (FFA) and lateral occipital cortex (LO) showed no preferences among the single feature and combination stimulus types. The results are consistent with a growing view that the OFA represents processes involved in early, feature-based analysis.
A Direct Mass-action Mechanism Explains Capacitative Calcium Entry in Jurkat and Skeletal L6 Muscle Cells

We examined capacitative calcium entry (CCE) in Jurkat and in L6 skeletal muscle cells. We found that extracellular Ca2+ can enter the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of both cell types even in the presence of thapsigargin, which blocks entry into the ER from the cytosol through the CaATPase. Moreover, extracellular Ca2+ entry into the ER was evident even when intracellular flow of Ca2+ was in the direction of ER to cytosol due to the presence of caffeine. ER Ca2+ content was assessed by two separate means. First, we used the Mag-Fura fluorescent dye, which is sensitive only to the relatively high concentrations of Ca2+ found in the ER. Second, we transiently expressed an ER-targeted derivative of aequorin, which reports Ca2+ by luminescence. In both cases, the Ca2+ concentration in the ER increased in response to extracellular Ca2+ after the ER had been previously depleted despite blockade by thapsigargin. We found two differences between the Jurkat and L6 cells. L6, but not Jurkat cells, inhibited Ca2+ uptake at very high Ca2+ concentrations. Second, ryanodine receptor blockers inhibited the appearance of cytosolic Ca2+ during CCE if added before Ca2+ in both cases, but the L6 cells were much more sensitive to ryanodine. Both of these can be explained by the known difference in ryanodine receptors between these cell types. These findings imply that the origin of cytosolic Ca2+ during CCE is the ER. Furthermore, kinetic data demonstrated that Ca2+ filled the ER before the cytosol during CCE. Our results suggest a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel and an ER Ca2+ channel joined in tandem, allowing Ca2+ to flow directly from the extracellular space to the ER. This explains CCE; any decrease in ER [Ca2+] relative to extracellular [Ca2+] would provide the gradient for refilling the ER through a mass-action mechanism.
Investigation of impulsivity in patients on dopamine agonist therapy for hyperprolactinemia: a pilot study.

The use of dopamine agonists (DAs) has been associated with increased impulsivity and impulse control disorders in several diseases, including Parkinson’s disease. Such an effect of DAs on impulsivity has not been clearly characterized in hyperprolactinemic patients, where DAs are the mainstay of therapy. We studied the effects of DAs on impulsivity in hyperprolactinemic patients treated at a tertiary pituitary center, using validated psychometric tests. Cross—sectional study. Impulsivity was evaluated in 30 subjects, 10 hyperprolactinemic patients on DAs compared to two control groups; one comprising untreated hyperprolactinemic patients (n = 10) and a second group consisting of normoprolactinemic controls with pituitary lesions (n = 10). Measures of impulsivity included both self-report questionnaires as well as laboratory-based tasks. Hyperprolactinemic patients on DAs had a higher score (mean ± SD) in one self-report measure of impulsivity, the attention subscale of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (16.2 ± 2.7), as compared to the hyperprolactinemic control group (12.3 ± 2.5) and the normoprolactinemic group (14.7 ± 4.4) (p = 0.04). No statistically significant difference was found between groups with regards to the other impulsivity scales. In the DA-treated group, a correlation was observed between increased impulsivity (as assessed in the Experiential Discounting Task) and higher weekly cabergoline dose (r2 = 0.49, p = 0.04). The use of DAs in hyperprolactinemic patients is associated with an increase in one aspect of impulsivity. This effect should be further characterized in larger, longitudinal studies.
Numerical Study of Wake Vortex Interaction with the Ground Using the Terminal Area Simulation System

A sensitivity study for the in-ground effect on aircraft wake vortices has been conducted using a validated large eddy simulation model. The numerical results are compared with observed data and show good agreement for vortex decay and lateral vortex transport. The vortex decay rate is strongly influenced by the ground, but appears somewhat insensitive to ambient turbulence. In addition, the results show that the ground can affect the trajectory and descent-rate of a wake vortex pair at elevations up to about 3 b(sub o) (where b(sub o) is the initial vortex separation). However, the ground does not influence the average circulation of the vortices until the cores descend to within about 0.6 b(sub o), after which time the ground greatly enhances their rate of demise. Vortex rebound occurs in the simulations, but is more subtle than shown in previous numerical studies.
A Short Report: Word-Level Phonological and Lexical Characteristics Interact to Influence Phoneme Awareness:

In this study, we examined the influence of word-level phonological and lexical characteristics on early phoneme awareness. Typically developing children, ages 61 to 78 months, completed a phoneme-based, odd-one-out task that included consonant-vowel-consonant word sets (e.g., "chair-chain-ship") that varied orthogonally by a phonological characteristic, sound contrast similarity (similar vs. dissimilar), and a lexical characteristic, neighborhood density (dense vs. sparse). In a subsample of the participants-those with the highest vocabularies-results were in line with a predicted interactive effect of phonological and lexical characteristics on phoneme awareness performance: word sets contrasting similar sounds were less likely to yield correct responses in words from sparse neighborhoods than words from dense neighborhoods. Word sets contrasting dissimilar sounds were most likely to yield correct responses regardless of the words' neighborhood density. Based on these findings, theories of early phoneme awareness should consider both word-level and child-level influences on performance. Attention to these influences is predicted to result in more sensitive and specific measures of reading risk.
Dimensional reduction by isometry

Abstract A dimensional reduction method by isometry which is applicable under a general circumstance in higher-dimensional unifications is presented. It is shown that when the isometry G makes the internal space isomorphic to G/H, the unified space acquires the structure of a homogeneous fibre bundle Q(M, G/H) and the physical gauge group K becomes K = H ∗ ( H ⌢ H ∗ ) , where H∗ is the commutant subgroup of H in G. The physical implications of the result are discussed.
Advanced high temperature materials for the energy efficient automotive Stirling engine

The Stirling Engine is under investigated jointly by the Department of Energy and NASA Lewis as an alternative to the internal combustion engine for automotive applications. The Stirling Engine is an external combustion engine that offers the advantage of high fuel economy, low emissions, low noise, and low vibrations compared to current internal combustion automotive engines. The most critical component from a materials viewpoint is the heater head consisting of the cylinders, heating tubes, and regenerator housing. Materials requirements for the heater head include compatibility with hydrogen, resistance to hydrogen permeation, high temperature oxidation/corrosion resistance and high temperature creep-rupture and fatigue properties. A continuing supporting materials research and technology program has identified the wrought alloys CG-27 and 12RN72 and the cast alloys XF-818 and NASAUT 4G-A1 as candidate replacements for the cobalt containing alloys used in current prototype engines. Based on the materials research program in support of the automotive Stirling engine it is concluded that manufacture of the engine is feasible from low cost iron-base alloys rather than the cobalt alloys rather than the cobalt alloys used in prototype engines. This paper will present results of research that led to this conclusion.