cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Glutamate receptor subtype expression in human postmortem brain tissue from schizophrenics and alcohol abusers

This section of the journal is designed to provide readers with reviews of recent literature, and to stimulate research on questions that are important in the treatment and prevention of alcohol addiction. Research can provide insight into the causes of alcohol abuse and addiction, as well as answers to questions concerning the biomedical and psychological consequences of alcohol consumption. The ideas and critique expressed in this department are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the views of the editor, editorial board, or publisher of Alcohol. Reference to the original articles is recommended before quoting any of this material in scientific publications.
Cardiovascular disease risk awareness in systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Objective Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with patients' recognition of SLE as an independent risk factor for CVD and their perception of their personal CVD risk. Methods SLE patients were sent questionnaires that assessed demographic characteristics, any CVD risk factors, and information regarding the CVD counseling they had received from their physicians. Variables significantly associated with the outcomes were analyzed using logistic regression models. Results Information obtained from 226 questionnaires was analyzed. Fifty-eight percent of the respondents reported receiving no CVD counseling from a physician. Patients who recalled receiving counseling from a physician were 2.3 times more likely (P = 0.02) to recognize SLE as a CVD risk factor and 3.2 times more likely (P = 0.02) to perceive themselves as being at risk of CVD compared with those patients who did not receive physician counseling. Receiving physician CVD counseling was the strongest predictor of a patient's self-perception of CVD risk. Those patients at intermediate to high risk (n = 167) who reported having received counseling were 5.3 times as likely (P = 0.007) to perceive themselves to be at higher risk of CVD compared with similar patients who did not receive counseling. Younger patients were 4.2 times as likely (P = 0.002) as older patients to recognize SLE as a CVD risk factor. Other variables associated with patients' self-perceptions of CVD risk included family history of CVD and hypertension. Conclusion Physician counseling regarding CVD in SLE patients has an important impact on patients' awareness of SLE as a CVD risk factor and their self-perception of CVD risk.
Demand Oxygen Delivery during Exercise

Nine hypoxemic patients with COLD, whose hypoxemia is aggravated by minimal exercise, volunteered for this study. Each subject underwent two treadmill exercise trials at two oxygen delivery settings, each on the DODS and SF delivery systems for a total of four exercise trials. We measured SaO2 via ear oximetry and recorded oxygen usage per minute. We compared the oxygen usage required for the two techniques to achieve an SaO2 of 90 percent. The results indicate that the mean oxygen requirement using the DODS to achieve an SaO2 of 90 percent was 211.4 ml/min as compared to SF delivery which required 1,610.9 ml/min. This implies an oxygen savings advantage of the DODS over SF of 7:1. The fact that the DODS oxygen savings extends to exercise conditions lends support to its use in portable oxygen therapy. Widespread use of this and other oxygen savings techniques could result in significant cost savings while maintaining the desired benefits of supplemental oxygen administration.
Distribution of feeding and drinking by groups of captive house mice.

Locations of feeding and drinking by social groups of commensal house mice (Mus domesticus), were monitored daily for 30 to 90 minutes for 1 to 3 months. Eighteen foodcups and 18 water bottles were distributed in a 2.4 × 5.1 m population cage. Social groups concentrated their feeding at a few of the foodcups which varied among replicates but drank from most of the water bottles. A mouse feeding at the same sites that are used by others implies that mice use social cues in choosing feeding sites. This is the first documentation of socially influenced choice of feeding sites by wild-caught commensal house mice. A mouse drinking at several sites without concentrating on any sites implies social cues are less important in choosing drinking sites.
Ultra-early magnetic resonance imaging findings of eclampsia.

Objective To report the very early magnetic resonance imaging features of eclampsia. Design Case report. Setting Inpatient neurology service. Patient A 35-year-old woman who developed late postpartum eclampsia with cerebral edema, caudate hemorrhage, and ischemic strokes. Main Outcome Measure Very early magnetic resonance imaging features. Results Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium showed posterior sulcal hyperintensity and leptomeningeal enhancement preceding the development of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome, hemorrhage, and ischemic strokes by days. Conclusion Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium shows early characteristic findings that precede the more classic clinical presentation of eclampsia.
COP9 signalosome subunit 8 is required for postnatal hepatocyte survival and effective proliferation

Studies using lower organisms and cultured mammalian cells have revealed that the COP9 signalosome (CSN) has important roles in multiple cellular processes. Conditional gene targeting was recently used to study CSN function in murine T-cell development and activation. Using the Cre-loxP system, here we have achieved postnatal hepatocyte-restricted knockout of the csn8 gene (HR-Csn8KO) in mice. The protein abundance of other seven CSN subunits was differentially downregulated by HR-Csn8KO and the deneddylation of all cullins examined was significantly impaired. Moreover, HR-Csn8KO-induced massive hepatocyte apoptosis and evoked extensive reparative responses in the liver, including marked intralobular proliferation of biliary lineage cells and trans-differentiation and proliferation of the oval cells. However, division of pre-existing hepatocytes was significantly diminished in HR-Csn8KO livers. These findings indicate that Csn8 is essential to the ability of mature hepatocytes to proliferate effectively in response to hepatic injury. The histopathological examinations revealed striking hepatocytomegaly in Csn8-deficient livers. The hepatocyte nuclei were dramatically enlarged and pleomorphic with hyperchromasia and prominent nucleoli, consistent with dysplasia or preneoplastic cellular alteration in HR-Csn8KO mice at 6 weeks. Pericellular and perisinusoid fibrosis with distorted architecture was also evident at 6 weeks. It is concluded that CSN8/CSN is essential to postnatal hepatocyte survival and effective proliferation.
Response of a BaTiO3 phase conjugate mirror to broadband and narrowband radiation

The bandwidth of a BaTiO3 self-pumped phase conjugate mirror is measured in three different ways. 1) The crystal is exposed to infrared light with a phase change that is sinusoidal in time and the degree of phase modulation on the reflected wave is measured. As the modulation frequency is increased from 0.1 to 3 GHz, the modulation transfer function of the phase conjugate mirror decreases by a factor of 2. 2) The crystal is exposed to visible light from a laser operated both in a single longitudinal mode and in multiple longitudinal modes. When the laser bandwidth is increased from 20 MHz to 2 GHz the reflectivity of the phase conjugate mirror increases by up to a factor of 7. 3) A laser cavity is formed with the crystal as one end mirror and the lasing bandwidth is measured. Depending on the exact conditions, lasing bandwidths range from 2 to 240 GHz.
THE ACCOUNTANT AS PARTISAN.

Can we accept the arbitrariness of signification — speaking, writing, and other symbolic forms — without jettisoning the quest for a rational authority for adjudicating validity claims? This paper outlines a philosophy of praxis or practical reflexivity that recognizes the arbitrariness of signification, yet pari passu, retains a rational basis for warranting social (accounting) practice. The paper begins by critiquing David Solomons' concept of Representation Faithfulness—a quintessential correspondence theory of accounting knowledge—and proceeds to outline a philosophical alternative of praxis or practical reflexivity. For the latter, truth is not merely a scholastic or technical artifact, but an element that is unavoidably integral to social action. We inevitably make the world mean; practical reflexivity seeks to warrant our actions in terms of heightening social contradictions, as a means of developing the historical and social context.
Application of Low Loss Amorphous Metals in Motors and Transformers

During the past decade a new class of magnetic materials, amorphous metals, have been under development. This material offers the potential of reducing the core losses of motors and transformers by more than 70%. Thus, the incentive is tremendous to develop cost-competitive motors and transformers utilizing amorphous alloys. This paper will briefly discuss some of the important technical properties of magnetic amorphous alloys and then will describe the results of applying this material in both model transformers and a model motor.
A Comparative Analysis of Specifically Prepared and Generally Prepared Middle School Preservice Teachers

Abstract This study analyzed preservice teachers who student taught in a middle school (N = 34). One group of teachers was prepared in a traditional teacher preparation program that focused on either 1–8 or 7–12 education while the second group was prepared in a program designed specifically for middle level preservice teachers. This analysis examines the knowledge base concerning young adolescents and middle level teaching that each preservice teacher possessed, the instructional strategies that preservice teachers included in their lesson plans, a videotaped teaching performance, and the preservice teacher's attitude toward middle level teaching. The specifically prepared middle level teachers were significantly better middle level teachers when teaching was considered as a global construct and when separate components of teaching were considered. The study makes a strong case for separate middle level teaching preparation.
Mechanism for the dissolution of olivine series minerals in acidic solutions

The complexity of silicate minerals makes prediction of their dissolution rates a challenging problem. A combination of large cluster ab-initio quantum mechanical models and chemical probe dissolution experiments are used to understand the dissolution process for olivine-group minerals. Rapid release of M 2+ cations by precursor reactions involving H + attack at μ 3 -O surface sites produces a silica-enriched surface. Slower rates of silica release via a ligand exchange reaction involving a proton in the activated complex controls the overall rate of olivine dissolution. Our results provide a physical explanation for the correlation among olivine dissolution rates and water exchange rates for the corresponding aqueous cation.
Dual regulation of proliferation and apoptosis: c- myc in bitransgenic murine mammary tumor models

Recent progress in the study of c-Myc has convincingly demonstrated that it possesses a dual role in regulating both proliferation and apoptosis; however, the manner in which c-Myc influences these cellular response pathways remains incompletely characterized. Deregulation of c-Myc expression, via many mechanisms, is a common feature of multiple cancers and is an especially prominent feature of many breast cancers. Of significant interest to those who study mammary gland development and neoplasia is the unresolved nature and contribution of apoptosis to breast tumorigenesis. Recently, the use of transgenic mice and gene-knockout mice has allowed investigators to evaluate the pathological mechanisms by which different genes influence tumor development and progression. In this review, we address two distinct c-myc-containing bitransgenic murine mammary tumor models and discuss the contribution and possible future directions for resolution of cancer-relevant molecular pathways influenced by c-Myc.
The effect of JIT on distributors

Abstract The just-in-time (JIT) philosophy is revolutionizing U.S. manufacturing and distribution with a system that is more responsive to customer needs and desires. However, to operationalize the JIT philosophy, organizations must address the effect this system will have on channel power, conflict, and cooperation. This article briefly reviews the constructs of power, conflict, and cooperation and shows that JIT can, if implemented correctly, reduce channel conflict and improve channel cooperation.
Management Briefs: Comparisons of Fingerling and Yearling Lake Trout Introductions for Establishing an Adult Population in Pallette Lake, Wisconsin

Abstract The comparative success of fingerling and yearling introductions in establishing a population of adult lake trout Salvelinus namavcush was assessed during 1982–1992 in 71-ha Pallette Lake, Wisconsin. In all, 25,350 lake trout were stocked in six lots of 4,225 each during 1982–1986. These lots comprised three cohorts (1982, 1984, and 1985), and each cohort included a fall fingerling stocking and a spring yearling stocking. Spring yearlings from the 1982 and 1985 cohorts survived to 1991 and 1992 in significantly larger proportions than fall fingerlings from the same cohorts. However, only 1.5 and 0.8% of all yearlings and only 0.5 and 0.2% of all fingerlings stocked survived until October 1991 and 1992, respectively. The cost of each yearling-stocked fish present in October 1991 was US$33.90 and was $61.54 in October 1992, whereas comparable costs for each fingerling-stocked fish were $47.28 and $113.14. We recommend that spring yearling lake trout be stocked instead of fall fingerling fish in inl...
Adozelesin Triggers DNA Damage Response Pathways and Arrests SV40 DNA Replication through Replication Protein A Inactivation

The cyclopropylpyrroloindole anti-cancer drug, adozelesin, binds to and alkylates DNA. Treatment of human cells with low levels of adozelesin results in potent inhibition of both cellular and simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA replication. Extracts were prepared from adozelesin-treated cells and shown to be deficient in their ability to support SV40 DNA replication in vitro. This effect on in vitro DNA replication was dependent on both the concentration of adozelesin used and the time of treatment but was not due to the presence of adozelesin in the in vitro assay. Adozelesin treatment of cells was shown to result in the following: induction of p53 protein levels, hyperphosphorylation of replication protein A (RPA), and disruption of the p53-RPA complex (but not disruption of the RPA-cdc2 complex), indicating that adozelesin treatment triggers cellular DNA damage response pathways. Interestingly, in vitro DNA replication could be rescued in extracts from adozelesin-treated cells by the addition of exogenous RPA. Therefore, whereas adozelesin and other anti-cancer therapeutics trigger common DNA damage response markers, adozelesin causes DNA replication arrest through a unique mechanism. The S phase checkpoint response triggered by adozelesin acts by inactivating RPA in some function essential for SV40 DNA replication.
Fabrication of homostructural ZnO p-n junctions

Abstract For the first time homostructural zinc-oxide (ZnO)-based p–n juctions are successfully fabricated. As-doped ZnO films are used for the p-type sides and Al-doped ZnO films for the n-type sides of p–n junctions. ZnO films have been deposited on p-type GaAs substrates by pulsed laser ablation in an ambient gas of oxygen to reduce oxygen vacancies. The ambient gas pressure was 40 mTorr and the substrate temperature was 350–450°C. The current-to-voltage (I–V) curves of the ZnO films very clearly show the characteristics of p–n junctions. This is the first demonstration of a p–n junction fabricated entirely with ZnO.
New Institutional Arrangements for Supplying Local Public Services under New Federalism with Special Reference to Education

My approach in this paper is first to review selected principal contributions to our current perspective on public service research. Then, after a brief discussion of the New Federalism and its economic implications, a theoretical framework for assessing induced changes in local institutions will be posited. The third major section will apply the framework to interpreting local supply responses in primary and secondary public education.
The Multidimensional Structure of Racial Identification

Abstract Theoretical interest in African American racial identification remains substantial (Parham & Williams, 1993). The need for new models and measures to further our understanding of racial identification has been acknowledged (Ponterotto, 1989). This study provides confirmation of the four factor structure of an existing scale that uses a multidimensional conceptualization of African American racial identification. Four hundred and twenty-five African Americans, including 254 females and 167 males, were interviewed. All participants were 18 years of age and older. The 30-item Multidimensional Racial Identification Scale-Revised was used to assess the orientation of participants on four proposed parameters of racial identification. The results of a confirmatory factor analysis were consistent with the proposed four parameter model. The subscales generated were found to have acceptable internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The usefulness of a multidimensional model of racial identity is discussed.
“Seeking safety”: Outcome of a new cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy for women with posttraumatic stress disorder and substance dependence

Women with current posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) comprise 30-59% of substance abuse treatment samples and experience a more severe course than women with either disorder alone. As yet, no effective treatment for this population has been identified. This paper reports outcome results on 17 women who completed a new manual-based 24-session cognitive behavioral group therapy protocol treatment, based on assessments at pretreatment, during treatment, posttreatment, and at 3-month follow-up. Results showed significant improvements in substance use, trauma-related symptoms, suicide risk, suicidal thoughts, social adjustment, family functioning, problem solving, depression, cognitions about substance use, and didactic knowledge related to the treatment. Patients' treatment attendance, alliance, and satisfaction were also very strong. Treatment completers were more impaired than dropouts, yet more engaged in the treatment. Overall, our data suggest that women with PTSD and substance abuse can be helped when provided with a treatment designed for them. All results are clearly tentative, however, due to the lack of a control group, multiple comparisons, and absence of assessment of dropouts.
Sparking Connections: Toward Better Linkages Between Research and Human Health Policy—An Example with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes

Risk assessment and subsequent risk management of environmental contaminants can benefit from early collaboration among researchers, risk assessors, and risk managers. The benefits of collaboration in research planning are particularly evident in light of (1) increasing calls to expand upon the risk assessment paradigm to include a greater focus on problem formulation and consideration of potential tradeoffs between risk management options, and (2) decreasing research budgets. Strategically connecting research planning to future decision making may be most critical in areas of emerging science for which data are often insufficient to clearly direct targeted research to support future risk assessment and management efforts. This article illustrates an application of the comprehensive environmental assessment approach to inform research planning for future risk assessment and management of one emerging material, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). High-priority research areas identified for MWCNTs in flame-retardant coatings applied to upholstery textiles included the following: release across the product life cycle; environmental transport, transformation and fate in air, wastewater and sediment; exposure in human occupational and consumer groups; kinetics in the human body; impacts on human health and aquatic populations; and impacts on economic, social, and environmental resources. This article focuses on specific research questions related to human health and how these may connect to future risk assessments and risk management efforts. Such connections will support more effective collaborations across the scientific community and may inform the prioritization of research funding opportunities for emerging materials like MWCNTs.
Catalytic Asymmetric C−H Activation of Alkanes and Tetrahydrofuran

Rhodium carbenoids derived from methyl aryldiazoacetates are capable of effective catalytic asymmetric C−H activation of a range of alkanes and tetrahydrofuran by a C−H insertion mechanism. Dirhodium tetrakis(S-(N-dodecylbenzenesulfonyl)prolinate) (Rh2(S-DOSP)4) catalyzed decomposition of methyl aryldiazoacetates in the presence of alkanes results in intermolecular C−H insertions with good control of regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. The carbenoids derived from methyl aryldiazoacetates are considerably more chemoselective than carbenoids derived from diazoacetates. They strongly favor C−H insertions into secondary and tertiary sites. Formation of side products due to carbene dimerization is not a major problem with rhodium carbenoids derived from aryldiazoacetates.
In situ laser reflectance measurement of diffuse surfaces

Report is made on an in situ method of laser reflectance measurement of diffuse surfaces by using a GaAs laser and off-the-shelf optical components not involving radiation integration over a hemisphere as with most conventional reflectometers. The design features and limitations are described. Several diffuse surfaces were evaluated by this method, and the reflectance results obtained were in good agreement with those determined by the method of integrating sphere that used MgCO3 surface as a standard. The main advantages of this method are: the elimination of the need of a surface standard; the avoidance of having the surfaces in close contact with the measuring equipment; the accuracy better than 10%; and the relatively straightforward alignment.
Single-photon emission tomography imaging of serotonin transporters in the non-human primate brain with the selective radioligand [(123)I]IDAM.

A new radioligand, 5-iodo-2-[[2–2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl]thio]benzyl alcohol ([123I]IDAM), has been developed for selective single-photon emission tomography (SPET) imaging of SERT. In vitro binding studies suggest a high selectivity of IDAM for SERT (K i=0.097 nM), with considerably lower affinities for norepinephrine and dopamine transporters (NET K i= 234 nM and DAT K i>10 µM, respectively). In this study the biodistribution of SERT in the baboon brain was investigated in vivo using [123I]IDAM and SPET imaging. Dynamic sequences of SPET scans were performed on three female baboons (Papio anubis) after injection of 555 MBq of [123I]IDAM. Displacing doses (1 mg/kg) of the selective SERT ligand (+)McN5652 were administered 90–120 min after injection of [123I]IDAM. Similar studies were performed using a NET inhibitor, nisoxetine, and a DAT blocker, methylphenidate. After 60–120 min, the regional distribution of tracer within the brain reflected the characteristic distribution of SERT, with the highest uptake in the midbrain area (hypothalamus, raphe nucleus, substantia nigra), and the lowest uptake in the cerebellum (an area presumed free of SERT). Peak specific binding in the midbrain occurred at 120 min, with a ratio to the cerebellum of 1.80±0.13. At 30 min, 85% of the radioactivity in the blood was metabolite. Following injection of a competing SERT ligand, (+)McN5652, the tracer exhibited rapid washout from areas with high concentrations of SERT (dissociation rate constant in the midbrain, averaged over three baboons, k off=0.025±0.002 min–1), while the cerebellar activity distribution was undisturbed (washout rate 0.0059± 0.0003 min–1). Calculation of tracer washout rate pixel-by-pixel enabled the generation of parametric images of the dissociation rate constant. Similar studies using nisoxetine and methylphenidate had no effect on the distribution of [123I]IDAM in the brain. These results suggest that [123I]IDAM is suitable for selective SPET imaging of SERT in the primate brain, with high contrast, favorable kinetics, and negligible binding to either NET or DAT.
Confocal Microscopic Analysis of the Interaction between Cisplatin and the Copper Transporter ATP7B in Human Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Some cisplatin (DDP)-resistant cells overexpress the copper export transporter ATP7B, and cells molecularly engineered to overexpress ATP7B are resistant to DDP. The interaction of Cu with ATP7B normally triggers its relocalization from the perinuclear region to more peripheral vesicles. To investigate the interaction of DDP with ATP7B, we examined the effect of DDP on the subcellular localization of ATP7B using human ovarian carcinoma cells expressing a cyan fluorescent protein (ECFP)-tagged ATP7B (2008/ECFP-ATP7B). ATP7B expression was confirmed in 2008/ECFP-ATP7B cells by Western blotting, and its functionality was documented by showing that it rendered the cells 1.9-fold resistant to CuSO(4) and 4.1-fold resistant to DDP and also reduced the accumulation of both drugs. There was greater sequestration of Pt into intracellular vesicles in the 2008/ECFP-ATP7B cells than in the 2008/ECFP cells. Confocal digital microscopy revealed that ECFP-ATP7B localized in the perinuclear region in absence of drug exposure and that both Cu and DDP triggered relocalization to more peripheral vesicular structures. A fluorescein-labeled form of DDP that retained cytotoxicity and was subject to the same mechanisms of resistance as DDP colocalized with ECFP-ATP7B in the 2008/ECFP-ATP7B cells, whereas the same fluorochrome lacking the DDP moiety did not. These results provide evidence that DDP directly interacts with ATP7B to trigger its relocalization and that ATP7B mediates resistance to DDP by sequestering it into vesicles of the secretory pathway for export from the cell.
The Lustre File System and 100 Gigabit Wide Area Networking: An Example Case from SC11

As part of the SCinet Research Sandbox at the IEEE/ACM International Conference for High Performance Computing, Networking, Storage and Analysis (SC11), Indiana University utilized a dedicated 100 Gbps wide area network (WAN) link spanning more than 3,500 km (2,175 mi) to demonstrate the capabilities of the Lustre high performance parallel file system in a high bandwidth, high latency WAN environment. This demonstration functioned as a proof of concept and provided an opportunity to study Lustre's performance over a 100 Gbps WAN. To characterize the performance of the network and file system a series of benchmarks and tests were undertaken. These included low level iperf network tests, Lustre networking tests, file system tests with the IOR benchmark, and a suite of real-world applications reading and writing to the file system. All of the tests and benchmarks were run over a the WAN link with a latency of 50.5 ms. In this article we describe the configuration and constraints of the demonstration and focus on the key findings regarding the networking layer for this extremely high bandwidth and high latency connection. Of particular interest are the challenges presented by link aggregation for a relatively small number of high bandwidth connections, and the specifics of virtual local area network routing for 100 Gbps routing elements.
Connotations of Color Names among Negroes and Caucasians

The study demonstrated highly significant differences in the connotative meanings of five “race-related” and five control color names. For all colors, semantic differential scores (Evaluation, Activity, Potency) were found to be virtually identical for Caucasian students in the South and Midwest. Responses of the pooled Caucasian group and a Southern Negro group were shown to be generally similar with many small but significant differences. In both groups, the color names white and black were shown to differ markedly in evaluative meaning with the former being rated quite “good,” and the latter somewhat “bad.” This was related to the custom of designating Negroes as “black persons” and Caucasians as “white persons.” The possible implication of this factor in racial prejudice was discussed.
Reaction of rhenium alkynyl carbene complexes with tertiary phosphines produces dihydrophospholium rhenium complexes by a formal CH insertion process

Abstract Addition of PPh 2 CH 3 to the alkynyl carbene complex Cp(CO) 2 ReC(Tol)(CCPh) ( 1a ) led to formation of the dihydrophospholium complex Cp(CO) 2 Re[CC(Ph)PPh 2 CH 2 CH(Tol)] ( 4 ). When the reaction was monitored by low temperature NMR spectroscopy, initial phosphine addition to the carbene carbon atom of 1a to give σ-propargyl complex Cp(CO) 2 ReC(PPh 2 CH 3 )(Tol)CCPh ( 5 ) was observed at −78°C. Upon warming to −20°C, 5 rearranged to the σ-allenyl complex Cp(CO) 2 Re(Tol)CCC(Ph)(PPh 2 CH 3 ) ( 6 ) via phosphine dissociation and readdition. Upon further warming to room temperature, 6 rearranged to 4 . A protonation-deprotonation mechanism for the conversion of 6 to 4 is supported by the observation that reaction of 6 with DOTf produces the cationic allene complex Cp(CO) 2 Re[η 2 -2,3-(Tol)DCCC(Ph)(PPh 2 CH 3 )]OTf ( 11 - d ), which is converted to 4 - d upon treatment with KO- t -Bu. The reaction of 1a with Ph 2 PCHCH 2 led to the formation of the cyclopropane Cp(CO) 2 Re[CC(Ph)PPh 2 CHCH 2 C(Tol)] ( 8 ).
Marketing in the emerging era of build-to-order manufacturing

Abstract Build-to-order (BTO) and lean manufacturing processes are changing the paradigms under which businesses-to-business marketers operate. For example, BTO processes allow marketers to customize products to a greater degree, creating a competitive advantage over traditional manufacturing. Business-to-business (B2B) marketers who take advantage of the operational efficiencies and effectiveness that emerge from BTO are outperforming firms that utilize traditional manufacturing processes in multiple industries, such as office furniture, personal computers, and windows. This paper examines the long-term impact of the adoption of build-to-order manufacturing strategies on the marketing function and identifies marketing strategies associated with successful BTO companies. Throughout, the paper highlights managerial implications and proposes directions for future research.
Effects of Nucleotide Supplementation in Milk Replacer on Small Intestinal Absorptive Capacity in Dairy Calves

Milk replacer was supplemented with nucleotides and fed to dairy calves from birth through weaning to examine the potential for enhancing recovery of small intestinal function after enteric infection. Three treatments of 23 calves each were fed milk replacer (10% body weight/d) supplemented with no nucleotides (C), purified nucleotides (N), or nucleotides from an extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S). Average daily gain, health scores, fecal dry matter, and fecal bacteria were monitored, and blood was analyzed for packed cell volume, glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Calves were monitored twice daily for fecal score, and 48 h after increased fecal fluidity was recorded, intestinal function was evaluated by measuring absorption of orally administered xylose (0.5 g/kg of body weight). Packed cell volume of blood was greater for treatment N for wk 2 and 5 compared with other treatment groups. Four calves per treatment were killed, and intestinal tissue was evaluated for morphology, enzyme activities, and nucleoside transporter mRNA expression. Treatment S calves had increased abundance of nucleoside transporter mRNA, numerically longer villi, and lower alkaline phosphatase than other groups. Growth measurements and plasma concentrations of glucose, BUN, creatinine, and IgG were not different between treatments; however, BUN-to-creatinine ratio was higher for treatment N, possibly indicating decreased kidney function. There were also no treatment effects on fecal dry matter and fecal bacteria population. However, N-treated calves had the highest detrimental and lowest beneficial bacteria overall, indicating an unfavorable intestinal environment. Supplementation of purified nucleotides did not improve intestinal morphology or function and resulted in higher fecal water loss and calf dehydration. Supplementation of nucleotides derived from yeast tended to increase calf intestinal function, provide a more beneficial intestinal environment, and improve intestinal morphology.
Thermodynamic relations among olivine, spinel, and phenacite structures in silicates and germanates. IV. The system ZnOMgOGeO2

Abstract Phase relations in the system ZnOMgOGeO 2 were determined at 1200°C in air. Subsolidus phase relations along the pseudobinary join Zn 2 GeO 4 Mg 2 GeO 4 were determined between 700 and 1200°C, the portion below 900°C was obtained hydrothermally. Only one spinel phase is formed at low temperatures; this phase extends from Mg 2 GeO 4 to (Mg 0.73 Zn 0.27 ) 2 GeO 4 at 820°C. Its highest temperature of stability is 880°C, with a composition of (Mg 0.75 Zn 0.25 ) 2 GeO 4 . The free energies of transformation from the olivine to the phenacite structures at 1200°C are estimated to be + 6 ± 1.0 kcal/mole and − 10 ± 1.5 kcal/mole for Mg 2 GeO 4 and Zn 2 GeO 4 , respectively.
Spectral intermediates in the reaction of oxygen with purified liver microsomal cytochrome P-450

Abstract Stopped flow spectrophotometry has shown the occurrence of two distinct spectral intermediates in the reaction of oxygen with the reduced form of highly purified cytochrome P-450 from liver microsomes. As indicated by difference spectra, Complex I (with maxima at 430 and 450 nm) is rapidly formed and then decays to form Complex II (with a broad maximum at 440 nm), which resembles the intermediate seen in steady state experiments. In the reaction sequence, P-450LMred → O 2 Complex I→Complex II→P-450LMox the last step is rate-limiting. The rate of that step is inadequate to account for the known turnover number of the enzyme in benzphetamine hydroxylation unless NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase or cytochrome b 5 is added. The latter protein does not appear to function as an electron carrier in this process.
(R)-Methanandamide and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-induced operant rate decreases in rats are not readily antagonized by SR-141716A

The current study examined the interaction between the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonists Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol and (R)-methanandamide in combination with the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist SR-141716A (N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-chloro-phenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide HCl) in rats responding for food on a fixed ratio (FR-10) schedule of food reinforcement. The study provided only limited evidence for antagonism by SR-141716A (at 1 mg/kg but not with 0.3, 3 and 10 mg/kg) of the rate suppressant effects induced by the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor agonist Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (and only at the single dose of 5.6 mg/kg Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol). (R)-Methanandamide in combination with SR-141716A resulted in a greater rate suppression compared to that induced by (R)-methanandamide alone. Thus, SR-141716A augmented the rate-decreasing effects of (R)-methanandamide and only minimally altered the rate-decreasing effects of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol. Additionally, high doses (10 and 30 mg/kg) of SR-141716 singly consistently suppressed the rate of responding. The current results coupled with our previous data examining combinations of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol or (R)-methanandamide and SR-141716 (see text) underscore pharmacological/behavioral differences (whether quantitative or qualitative) between the cannabinoid CB(1) agonists (R)-methanandamide and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol revealed by their interactions with the cannabinoid CB(1) antagonist SR-141716.
Propagation of Dieffenbachia

Sphagnum moss was a better potting medium than sand-peat mixtures. Single-node cuttings from the uppermost part of the stem, just below the leaves, produced larger plants than did cuttings from basal nodes. The height of plants 117 days after planting was directly proportional to the diameters and lengths of cuttings. The time required for emergence was also indirectly proportional to cutting length. Cuttings which were pressed into the potting media until their surfaces were barely visible produced larger plants than cuttings planted 3 inches deep.Dieffenbachia varieties responded similarly to the treatments, butD. amoena grew faster thanD. picta, D. picta ‘Exotica’ andD. picta ‘Rudolph Roehrs.’
Lymph Node Genesis Is Induced by Signaling through the Lymphotoxin β Receptor

We investigated lymphotoxin (LT) and TNF function in lymph node genesis and cellular organization by manipulating LTbeta-R and TNF-R signaling. Lymph nodes developed in LTalpha-/- mice treated in utero with agonist anti-LTbeta-R monoclonal antibody. Thus, LTbeta-R signaling mediates lymph node genesis. Surprisingly, mucosal lymph nodes that can develop independently of LTalphabeta/LTbeta-R interaction were generated. Normal mice treated in utero with LTbeta-R-Ig and TNF-R55-Ig or anti-TNF lacked all lymph nodes, indicating that TNF signaling contributes to lymph node genesis. Lymph nodes generated in LTalpha-/- mice had disrupted cellular organization. Therefore, LTbeta-R signaling during gestation is not sufficient to establish normal cellular microarchitecture. We conclude that LT and TNF play critical roles in the genesis and cellular organization of lymph nodes.
TESTING THE PROPORTIONAL HAZARDS ASSUMPTION IN THE PRESENCE OF UNMEASURED HETEROGENEITY

SUMMARY This paper develops a discrete-time hazard model which accounts for unmeasured hetergeneity while allowing the coefficients of the regressors to vary over time. Sufficient conditions for nonparametric identifiability of the unmeasured heterogeneity distribution are derived. Testing for time-varying coefficients in this model is, under suitable conditions, equivalent to testing the proportionality assumption of the underlying continuous-time hazard model. Some Monte Carlo evidence is presented regarding the small-sample properties of this test. As an illustration, these tests are applied to the joblessness durations of displaced workers.
Renewable chain transfer agents for metallocene polymerizations: The effects of chiral monoterpenes on the polyolefin molecular weight and isotacticity

Monoterpenes were used as renewable chain transfer agents and polymerization solvents for metallocene/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysis. The polymerization of 1-hexene, ethylene, and propylene in d-limonene, hydrogenated d-limonene and α-pinene is reported. As detected by 1H NMR analysis of the alkene region, chain transfer to d-limonene yielded a higher percentage of trisubstituted alkenes. Size exclusion chromatography detected a decrease in molecular weight values resulting from chain transfer to d-limonene. The [mmmm] pentads for isotactic polypropylene were characterized by 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. Propylene polymerizations with the Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO and Me2Si(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst systems in d-limonene gave [mmmm] pentad values as high as 0.97. For the Et(Ind)2ZrCl2/MAO catalyst system at 0 °C, the mol fraction of [mmmm] pentads increased from 0.86 to 0.94 upon switching the solvent from toluene to d-limonene. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3150–3165, 2007
Can the Liquid Live Micro-Organisms System, a Commercial Probiotic, Affect Sediment, Water Quality, and Koi Carp Production in Fish Hatchery Ponds?

Abstract Sediment and turbidity can reduce pond and effluent water quality and fish production. We investigated the efficacy of a commercial bacterial product, Liquid Live Micro-Organisms (LLMO) System, in reducing sediment accumulation and improving water quality and fish production in hatchery ponds for 4.5 months. Four plastic-lined ponds received LLMO treatment at a rate of 1 L per 63,230 L of pond water at 2-week intervals throughout the study and additional twice-weekly applications during the last 6 weeks of the study. Another four ponds were untreated and served as the control. All ponds were cleaned of bottom sediments, supplied with plastic containers (33–34 containers/ha) to collect sediment samples, filled with water, and managed to control Prymnesium parvum ichthyotoxicity. Koi (a variant of the common carp Cyprinus carpio) were stocked into ponds as fry and were fed a commercial diet. Turbidity, Secchi disk visibility, chlorophyll a, pH, ammonia-nitrogen, suspended solids, carbonaceous bioch...
Long Carrier Lifetime in 4H-SiC Epilayers Using Chlorinated Precursors

In this work we report the measurement of minority carrier lifetimes using the time resolved photoluminescence technique. It was found that 4H-SiC homo-epilayers grown using chlorine-based precursors have longer carrier lifetimes if used in conjunction with a tantalum carbide coated (TaC-coated) graphite susceptor rather than a SiC-coated graphite susceptor. Longer carrier lifetimes were obtained by optimal combinations of precursor gases and susceptor type. The controllable variation in lifetime from 250 ns to 9.9 s was demonstrated.
Effect of differences in glucose tolerance on insulin's ability to regulate carbohydrate and free fatty acid metabolism in obese individuals.

The effect of variations in glucose tolerance on insulin’s ability to regulate glucose uptake and plasma glucose and FFA concentrations was assessed in 22 obese individuals [8 with normal glucose tolerance, 7 with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 7 with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)]. Patients with IGT had ambient insulin levels that were higher than normal, associated with elevated postprandial glucose levels and a marked reduction in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. On the other hand, plasma FFA levels were relatively normal in IGT, possibly because of the hyperinsulinemia. Patients with NIDDM were also hyperinsulinemic, with insulin levels throughout the day that were approximately twice normal. Hyperinsulinemia in patients with NIDDM was associated with a significant decline in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake as well as with significant increases in both ambient plasma glucose and FFA concentrations. Thus, and in contrast to patients with IGT, plasma FFA metabolism in NIDDM w...
Experimental model for repetitive ischemic attacks in the gerbil: the cumulative effect of repeated ischemic insults.

An experimental model for repeated ischemic attacks, which allows easy induction of cerebral ischemia of any desired duration and frequency, has been developed in the gerbil. With this procedure, a pronounced cumulative effect on development of edema and tissue injury was observed using 3 separate, 5-min bilateral occlusions of the common carotid arteries spaced at various time intervals. This effect was most evident when the occlusions were carried out at 1-h intervals, i.e., during the period of marked postischemic hypoperfusion. Such animals, killed after 24 h of recirculation, showed significantly more severe edema and brain tissue injury in the areas exposed to ischemia than was observed in animals killed 24 h after single 5- or 15-min occlusions. The changes of regional CBF, assayed with a [3H]nicotine method, indicated a relatively rapid onset of hypoperfusion of similar degree after each release of arterial occlusion. The hypoperfusion recovered significantly within 6 h of recirculation following ...
Genetic Counseling for Frontotemporal Dementias

Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is an umbrella term for a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by changes in cognition, language, personality, and social functioning. Approximately 40% of individuals with FTD have a family history of dementia, but less than 10% have a clear autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. However, establishing a clear mode of inheritance in FTD is complicated by clinical heterogeneity, variable expression, phenocopies, misdiagnosis, early death due to other causes, missing medical records, and lost family histories. Mutations in the microtubule-associated protein tau and progranulin genes have been reported in the majority of hereditary cases, making genetic testing of at-risk individuals possible. The first step in counseling a family with a history of FTD is to take a comprehensive family history with confirmation of any diagnosis in a family member with medical records to the extent possible. If the pedigree analysis suggests an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance, genetic testing of an affected relative may be offered to the family to determine if a mutation is present. If a mutation is found, relatives interested in pursuing genetic testing should be referred to a genetic counselor familiar with genetic testing for neurodegenerative disorders. Predictive testing of unaffected and at-risk relatives should only be offered in the context of a comprehensive genetic counseling protocol offering pre- and post-test counseling and support. One survey of at-risk individuals in a large family with FTD found that 50% were interested in testing. In one study actually offering genetic testing for FTD, the rate of uptake of testing was only 8.4%. A more recent study estimated the uptake for testing for FTD to be somewhere between 7% and 17% and attributed the low uptake to family resistance to testing. While genetic testing may be appropriate for some families with Alzheimer's disease and FTD, uptake of testing may be expected to be low.
A Semantic End-to-End Process Constraint Modeling Framework

Process constraint modeling and development, focusing on how to enforce the conformity of process constraints throughout its lifecycle, including design, deployment and runtime execution, remains a big challenge in the research area of model-driven development, especially when such constraints are considered in the composite Web services and workflow applications. By extending our previous work in process constraint ontology and process constraint language with the capability of exception definition and handling, we propose a semantic end-to-end process constraint modeling framework. In addition to constraint modeling at the design time, both static and dynamic verification in constraint's lifecycle are covered. While the former concentrates on syntactic, semantic and service specification verifications during design and deployment phases, the latter focuses on constraint verification during runtime, with the help of the underlying monitoring module. The scenarios of emergency reaction and nepotism in interview are considered and we illustrate how ontology and semantic reasoning are utilized in a constraint's whole lifecycle.
A Gaussian quantum state discriminator

A Gaussian statistic, or discriminator, is proposed for conclusively discriminating between two pure quantum states. The discriminator is based on registrations from a limit of an increasing number of weak measurements on a single system. The average error of the discriminator is near that of the optimal conclusive Helstrom discriminator and, in fact, the Gaussian discriminator is the limit point of a class of conclusive discriminators which includes the Helstrom discriminator. The Gaussian discriminator always leaves some post-measurement state (PMS) separation; by contrast, the PMS separation with the Helstrom discriminator is always zero. Simple, closed-form expressions are given for the distribution and error performance of the Gaussian discriminator.