cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Potentiation of Cd-induced pulmonary injury in α1-antitrypsin suppressed rats

Abstract The interrelationship of α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT) or serum trypsin inhibitor capacity (TIC) level and cadmium exposure in the induction of pulmonary lesions was investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to CdCl2, galactosamine, or galactosamine + CdCl2 for 24 hr. Biochemical study indicated a 20% reduction of serum TIC in animals exposed to galactosamine. A marked, 50%, reduction of serum TIC was induced in animals exposed to galactosamine + CdCl2. Histopathological study revealed no major morphological lesions in lungs of animals exposed to either CdCl2 or galactosamine. However, extensive lesions, including polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration, distortion and distention of the alveolar spaces, and massive hemorrhages were observed in the lungs of animals exposed to galactosamine + CdCl2. It is believed that cadmium can induce rapid lesions in the pulmonary tissues when the α1-AT is significantly suppressed. The present investigation has provided direct evidence on the importance and interrelationship of cadmium and α1-AT in pulmonary lesion development.
On a stochastic description of the time-space behaviour of extratropical cyclonic precipitation fields

A stochastic description is developed for extratropical cyclonic precipitation fields at synoptic and meso scales as they are typically observed by radars over the Earth. This description attempts to account I) for the synoptic scale behavior of a cyclonic storm (its birth, its synoptic scale motion trajectory, and its dissipation) II) for the synoptic-scale organizational structure of subsynoptic precipitation areas (rainbands, precipitation cores and raincells) within a cyclonic storm; and III) for the behavior of subsynoptic precipitation areas, in terms of their births, their spatial configuration evolutions, their motions, and their deaths (dissipation). The precipitation cores and the raincells are taken as the building blocks of the subsynoptic precipitation, areas within a cyclonic rainfield.
Strain and shape-fabric variations associated with ductile shear zones

Abstract The foliated and compositionally-banded granitic orthogneisses in the central core of the Maggia Nappe, a Lower Pennine basement nappe of the Central Swiss Alps, are shown to be the sheared equivalent of late-Hercynian age granitic intrusions. These ductile shear zones show mineral assemblages in amphibolite facies, are Alpine in age and form an anastomosing network enclosing remnant lozenge-shaped pods of relatively undeformed rock. The foliation developed within the shear zones concomitantly with a change in shape of quartz grain aggregates from initially equidimensional, through ‘tear-drop’ shapes, to ribbon-like aggregates. These shape changes occurred by intracrystalline glide together with intercrystalline slip on deformation-induced planar surfaces.
Constitution-Making in Africa: Assessing Both the Process and the Content

This article examines the relationship between governance and development, and concludes that underlying the litany of Africa's development problems is a crisis of governance. Good governance would result in institutions that are more likely to adopt economic policies that would resolve the constraints that hinder economic development. In addition, it would make a major contribution to the reduction of war and conflict. It would do this by creating an environment for sustainable development to take place and thereby reduce poverty, the root cause of war and conflict. This calls for a critical examination of the question of governance in Africa with a view to identifying the obstacles to its establishment and the possible approaches to the development of systems of governance that give political space to all groups. Since the most important legal instrument in the scheme of good governance is the national constitution, the article seeks to identify some of the key issues that must be considered in the process of developing a national constitution if it is to be durable. It also addresses the conditions under which such constitutions should be developed if they are to be acceptable to the people of the country they are intended to govern. Running through the article is the theme that the establishment of good governance in Africa depends on the development of political systems that give people a sense of ownership of the political process. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a CaO-based CO2 sorbent with improved cyclic stability

The carbonation of CaO is an attractive method for removing CO2 from hot gas mixtures. However, regeneration and reuse of a CaO-based sorbent causes a gradual decline in absorption capacity, which ultimately limits the life of the material. Various methods have been proposed for increasing the life cycle performance of a CaO-based sorbent. Two of these methods were selected for further investigation. One method incorporates an “inert” material in the sorbent, while a second method stabilizes the sorbent through controlled sintering. Promising results were achieved with both methods when they were applied separately to a sorbent derived from a natural limestone. In one case MgO was finely dispersed within the sorbent, where it served as an “inert” material in the sense that it did not absorb CO2. A concentration of approximately 20 wt % appeared to be nearly optimal. In a second case the sorbent was stabilized by calcining the material at 1100 °C for 5 h. Although neither method produced a completely stabl...
The Tower of London: A study of the effect of problem structure on planning

Only recently has there been any consideration of the influence of the problem structure on Tower of London task (TOL) performance. Not surprisingly, these few studies that have investigated this issue have found significant differences in the cognitive demands of individual TOL problems. Based on these previous findings, the aim of the current study was to further explore the effects of two problem characteristics on the planning process—namely, goal hierarchy and the number of optimal solution paths. A number of performance measures when solving six-move problems were examined, including preplanning time, movement time, and accuracy. Analysis of the preplanning time revealed that it was significantly affected by goal hierarchy but not the number of solution paths. The individual movement times, however, revealed effects for both goal hierarchy and the number of optimal solution paths. The number of paths only affected movement times at specific moves: those corresponding to the initiation of a subgoal c...
Microwave Synthesis and Optical Properties of Uniform Nanorods and Nanoplates of Rare Earth Oxides

We report on the rapid production, characterization, and spectral properties of uniform nanorods, nanowires, and nanoplates of rare earth oxides (M2O3 ,M ) Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy). The method developed, based on microwave irradiation (MWI), allows the control of the size and shape of the rare earth oxide nanostructures by varying the MWI reaction time and the relative concentrations of the organic surfactants. The uniformity of the rods and of the wires is demonstrated in their spontaneous assembly into highly ordered 2D supercrystals. The MWI method provides a unique opportunity for the large-scale synthesis of rare earth nanostructures without suffering thermal gradient effects.
Molecular dynamics simulation of the kinetic sintering of Ni and Al nanoparticles

The kinetic sintering of Ni and Al nanoparticles is considered using molecular dynamics simulations. We report on the effects of nanoparticle size on sintering temperature and time, with results showing that surface energy has a slight effect on both results. The effect of surface energy on combustion temperature is limited to nanoparticles of less than 10 nm in diameter. An analysis of the various alloys formed during sintering gives insight into the reaction process. The formation of Al-rich compounds is observed initially with a final equilibration and rapid formation of the eutectic alloy immediately preceded by melting of the Ni nanoparticle. We have observed that nanoparticle size and surface energy are both important factors in determining the adiabatic reaction temperature for this material system at nanoparticle sizes of less than 10 nm in diameter.
Identifying Distal cis-acting Gene-Regulatory Sequences by Expressing BACs Functionalized with loxP-Tn10 Transposons in Zebrafish.

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) are large pieces of DNA from the chromosomes of organisms propagated faithfully in bacteria as large extra-chromosomal plasmids. Expression of genes contained in BACs can be monitored after functionalizing the BAC DNA with reporter genes and other sequences that allow stable maintenance and propagation of the DNA in the new host organism. The DNA in BACs can be altered within its bacterial host in several ways. Here we discuss one such approach, using Tn10 mini-transposons, to introduce exogenous sequences into BACs for a variety of purposes. The largely random insertions of Tn10 transposons carrying lox sites have been used to position mammalian cell-selectable antibiotic resistance genes, enhancer-traps and inverted repeat ends of the vertebrate transposon Tol2 precisely at the ends of the genomic DNA insert in BACs. These modified BACs are suitable for expression in zebrafish or mice, and have been used to functionally identify important long-range gene regulatory sequences in both species. Enhancer-trapping using BACs should prove uniquely useful in analyzing multiple discontinuous DNA domains that act in concert to regulate expression of a gene, and is not limited by genome accessibility issues of traditional enhancer-trapping methods.
Attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles: interrelationships and associations with relationship satisfaction

Relationships among attachment styles, conflict styles and humour styles were examined in the context of romantic relationships. Each style was assumed to be based upon underlying assumptions about self and others, so relationships among the measures were predicted. A model assuming that the relationship of attachment styles to relationship satisfaction was partially mediated by the conflict styles and humour styles was tested. Overall, the predicted relationships among the three measures were supported. Conflict styles and humour styles reflecting attitudes about others were related to the avoidance attachment style, while those reflecting attitudes about the self were related to the anxiety attachment dimension. Conflict styles and humour styles were mediators of the association of attachment style with relationship satisfaction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NK cell cytokine secretion regulated by SHIP1

Comment on Trotta et al, page [3011][1] SHIP1, a hematopoietic cell–specific phosphatase, plays a critical role in down-regulating production of IFN-γ by human NK cells. Natural killer (NK) cells are an important element of innate immunity and have both regulatory and effector functions. In
Measuring Individual Differences in the Tendency to Forgive: Construct Validity and Links with Depression

Four studies examine the construct validity of the Tendency to Forgive Scale (TTF), a brief measure of dispositional forgiveness. Study 1 showed that romantic partners' ratings of targets converged with targets' self-ratings, and Study 2 demonstrated that higher scores on the TTF were associated with lower offense accessibility. Study 3 examined the TTF's relation to self-reported depression symptoms, both independent of and interacting with attitudes toward forgiveness and dispositional vengeance. Lower TTF scores were associated with higher degrees of depression, especially for individuals with positive attitudes toward forgiveness or those low in dispositional vengeance, although neither of these latter variables displayed significant zero-order relations with depression. Finally, Study 4 examined relations between the TTF, dispositional empathy, another recent measure of dispositional forgiveness, and the dimensions of the Big Five, providing both convergent and discriminant validity evidence for the TTF.
Assignment of the human CRABP-II gene to chromosome 1q21 by nonisotopic in situ hybridization.

Two highly conserved forms of cellular retinoic acid binding protein (CRABP-I and CRABP-II) have been described, and one, CRABP-II, is highly expressed in human skin. We have utilized a 10-kb fragment containing the human CRABP-II (hCRABP-II) gene (isolated from a human genomic library) to localize hCRABP-II to human chromosome 1 band q21 by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Localization to 1q was confirmed by hybridization of a hCRABP-II cDNA clone against a human-mouse hybrid cell line containing a t(1;6)(q21;q13) translocation chromosome. The hCRABP-II gene is therefore localized to a band known to contain several other genes that are expressed in the context of epidermal differentiation, including profilaggrin, loricrin, involucrin, and calcyclin.
Oxygen Activation by the Noncoupled Binuclear Copper Site in Peptidylglycine α-Hydroxylating Monooxygenase. Reaction Mechanism and Role of the Noncoupled Nature of the Active Site

Reaction thermodynamics and potential energy surfaces are calculated using density functional methods to investigate possible reactive Cu/O(2) species for H-atom abstraction in peptidylglycine alpha-hydroxylating monooxygenase (PHM), which has a noncoupled binuclear Cu active site. Two possible mononuclear Cu/O(2) species have been evaluated, the 2-electron reduced Cu(II)(M)-OOH intermediate and the 1-electron reduced side-on Cu(II)(M)-superoxo intermediate, which could form with comparable thermodynamics at the catalytic Cu(M) site. The substrate H-atom abstraction reaction by the Cu(II)(M)-OOH intermediate is found to be thermodynamically accessible due to the contribution of the methionine ligand, but with a high activation barrier ( approximately 37 kcal/mol, at a 3.0-A active site/substrate distance), arguing against the Cu(II)(M)-OOH species as the reactive Cu/O(2) intermediate in PHM. In contrast, H-atom abstraction from substrate by the side-on Cu(II)(M)-superoxo intermediate is a nearly isoenergetic process with a low reaction barrier at a comparable active site/substrate distance ( approximately 14 kcal/mol), suggesting that side-on Cu(II)(M)-superoxo is the reactive species in PHM. The differential reactivities of the Cu(II)(M)-OOH and Cu(II)(M)-superoxo species correlate to their different frontier molecular orbitals involved in the H-atom abstraction reaction. After the H-atom abstraction, a reasonable pathway for substrate hydroxylation involves a "water-assisted" direct OH transfer to the substrate radical, which generates a high-energy Cu(II)(M)-oxyl species. This provides the necessary driving force for intramolecular electron transfer from the Cu(H) site to complete the reaction in PHM. The differential reactivity pattern between the Cu(II)(M)-OOH and Cu(II)(M)-superoxo intermediates provides insight into the role of the noncoupled nature of PHM and dopamine beta-monooxygenase active sites, as compared to the coupled binuclear Cu active sites in hemocyanin, tyrosinase, and catechol oxidase, in O(2) activation.
Issues in disaster relief: progress, perpetual problems and prospective solutions

What is the present state of international disaster relief? Seeks to answer this important inquiry because the increased emphasis on prevention does not make post‐disaster response unnecessary. In so doing, this article will explore three important questions. Have practitioners overcome the obstacles to effective and efficient relief which have been identified in previous studies? What problems remain? What are the solutions to those issues which have not been resolved? Suggests numerous opportunities for improvement in both disaster management and scholarship.
Assessment and cost comparison of sleep-deprived EEG, MRI and PET in the prediction of surgical treatment for epilepsy

Our aim was to determine if less expensive interictal indices can predict which epilepsy patients may benefit from the more expensive comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation. Surgical treatment was determined based on the results of a comprehensive inpatient continuous video-EEG monitoring. This evaluation included three interictal tests, which were reviewed retrospectively-2 hour-sleep-deprived electroencephalogram (SDEEG), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET). Sixty-nine patients were evaluated with 35 patients having focal resection (33 temporal, two frontal). When two or more interictal tests were positive, 77% (27 /35) went to surgery, but when one test was positive 23% (8 /34) had surgery. When all tests were negative, only a single patient (1 /13 or 7.7%) had surgery, a frontal resection. The positive predictive value for any single interictal test was 68%, while it was higher for any combination of two positive tests (77-83%). PET was the most sensitive (0.86) single interictal test, compared to SDEEG (0.66) and MRI (0.66). The odds ratio for predicting surgical treatment for a positive PET, SDEEG, or MRI was 8.57, 4.01, and 4.01, respectively. MRI was three and PET was six times the cost of a SDEEG. The combination of SDEEG and MRI had the best cost/PPV ratio. Seventy-nine percent (11 /14) of the patients with three positive tests were seizure free following focal resection compared to 43% (9 /21) when less than three tests were positive ( P<or= 0.05). Interictal tests may predict which patients are most likely to benefit from comprehensive pre-surgical evaluation. Two or more positive tests are the most predictive. If all tests are negative, it is unlikely that the patient would qualify for surgical treatment. The combination of SDEEG and MRI may be more cost-effective as outpatient screening tools.
Roundoff noise in floating point fast Fourier transform computation

A statistical model for roundoff errors is used to predict output noise-to-signal ratio when a fast Fourier transform is computed using floating point arithmetic. The result, derived for the case of white input signal, is that the ratio of mean-squared output noise to mean-squared output signal varies essentially as \nu = \log_{2}N where N is the number of points transformed. This predicted result is significantly lower than bounds previously derived on mean-squared output noise-to-signal ratio, which are proportional to ν2. The predictions are verified experimentally, with excellent agreement. The model applies to rounded arithmetic, and it is found experimentally that if one truncates, rather than rounds, the results of floating point additions and multiplications, the output noise increases significantly (for a given ν). Also, for truncation, a greater than linear increase with ν of the output noise-to-signal ratio is observed; the empirical results seem to be proportional to ν2, rather than to ν.
Catastrophic Cholesterol Crystal Embolization After Endovascular Stent Placement for Peripheral Vascular Disease

A 55-year-old man was hospitalized for endovascular stent placement in both right common iliac and femoral arteries for relief of claudication symptoms due to peripheral vascular disease. Angiography demonstrated diffuse atherosclerosis of the infrarenal aorta and severe stenosis of the right common iliac and right femoral arteries. Physical examination showed diminished but palpable peripheral pulses. Uncomplicated stent placement was done in the right common iliac and right femoral arteries via a left femoral artery approach resulting in improved pedal pulses. Over the next 36 hours, the patient developed severe bilateral lower extremity pain followed by extensive livedo reticularis over lower extremities, elevated creatine kinase levels, myoglobinuria, and a rise in serum creatinine to 1.5 mg/dL (133 μmol/L). Pedal pulses continued to be palpable. This was followed by bilateral lower extremity compartment syndrome, requiring fasciotomies. Myoglobinuria cleared with hydration and creatinine kinase levels returned to normal; however, the patient ultimately developed gangrene of both lower extremities. Bilateral below the knee amputations were performed and histopathology showed wide spread cholesterol crystals in arterioles and small and medium sized arteries in skin and muscle of both lower extremities. This case emphasizes the potential for major complications of cholesterol embolism associated with even uncomplicated vascular procedures performed for treatment of peripheral vascular disease.
Upper Tertiary Surficial Deposits near Cedar City, Iron County, Utah

Along the Hurricane fault in southwestern Utah, fanglomerate, pediment, and stream-channel deposits ranging in age from Miocene(?) to Recent have been dated through studies of the composition and size of gravel components and distance from sources of materials. The deposits range in elevation from 6000 feet at the base of the Hurricane Cliffs on the west, or downthrown side of the Hurricane fault, to 9000 feet on the Kolobterrace on the east, or upthrown side of the fault. Much of the difference is the result of displacement on the fault in Pliocene and Pleistocene time. Differences in composition of gravel also establish the existence of an approximate late Tertiary drainage divide between two westward-flowing streams that formerly headed about 8 miles east of the Hurricane fault. The channels of these streams have since been obliterated by uplift, erosion, and basalt flows.
Establishing, maintaining and modifying DNA methylation patterns in plants and animals

Cytosine DNA methylation is a stable epigenetic mark that is crucial for diverse biological processes, including gene and transposon silencing, imprinting and X chromosome inactivation. Recent findings in plants and animals have greatly increased our understanding of the pathways used to accurately target, maintain and modify patterns of DNA methylation and have revealed unanticipated mechanistic similarities between these organisms. Key roles have emerged for small RNAs, proteins with domains that bind methylated DNA and DNA glycosylases in these processes. Drawing on insights from both plants and animals should deepen our understanding of the regulation and biological significance of DNA methylation.
Gilles de la tourette syndrome treated with LSD

The syndrome of Gilles De La Tourette is described. A case history is reported and the use of L.S.D. abreactive treatments in this condition is recorded for the first time.
Osteoporosis in children who have disabilities.

Osteoporosis is no longer a disease exclusively of adults. Children who have disabilities are at risk for osteoporosis and related fractures caused by immobility. This chapter discusses the anatomy and physiology of bone and bone metabolism, determinants of bone mass, the laboratory and radiological evaluation of bone mineral density, the impact that immobility has on children who have disabilities, and the treatment options that are currently available. Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mass and subsequent increased risk of fractures. Osteoporosis is primarily a disease of adults, but its presence in children cannot be ignored. Physicians who treat children who have disabilities are often faced with treating fractures that are thought to be associated with osteoporosis. Although research on bone density is limited, over the last decade there has been an accumulation of information supporting the long-held suspicion that children who have disabilities can have significant osteoporosis. This chapter provides an understanding of the anatomy and physiology of bone and bone metabolism, determinants of bone mass, evaluation of bone mass and bone mineral density (BMD) in children who have a variety of disabilities, and the treatment options that are currently available.
Inclined Direct Shear Testing Device: A New Tool for Bone Mechanics and Osteoporosis Research

Shear properties and strength are crucial for osteoporotic hip and wrist fracture risk assessment. This paper presents the design of a newly developed testing device for bone mechanical properties under circulation of different fluids. The device will ultimately be used to actively modify bone mineral content and porosity to simulate different stages of osteoporosis and directly measure the corresponding changes in mechanical properties. Preliminary results on intact bovine cancellous bones without fluid circulation showed excellent agreement with published literature data.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Positive flow dependence in the initial colonization of a fouling community: results from in situ water current manipulations

During late winter/early spring (1992–1993), a series of 12 tapered channels were placed subtidally in a Long Island, New York (U.S.A) estuary to examine total fouling community development. Rather than relying upon flow-dependent correlations among spatially segregated sites, these channels directly accelerated or decelerated the existing tidal currents ± 50% (ambient flow speeds ranged from 50 cm/s). In response to experimentally manipulated water flows over five months, the arborescent hydroid Obelia longissima Pallas (1766) accumulated onto Tygon tubing in direct proportion to mean free-stream flow speed, whereas barnacle (Balanus eburneus Gould) initial settlement and cumulative recruitment along plywood ceilings increased three-fold and five-fold, respectively, with a long-term doubling of water speed. These positive flow-dependent results directly contrast those from previous experiments in the same channel apparatus which failed to document any flow enhancement on the growth of suspension-feeding bivalves.
Understanding environmentally significant consumption

Consumer choices can have major impacts on the environment. For example, the United States could reduce its total greenhouse gas emissions by 7% through modest policies to encourage more efficient household energy consumption (1). This “behavioral wedge” would make a substantial and low-cost contribution to climate-change mitigation (2, 3). Shifts in water and food consumption would also be environmentally significant but we lack robust estimates of the impact. To realize the potential of consumer action, we need policies based on a sound understanding of environmental decision making.
Growth of III‐nitride quantum dots and their applications to blue‐green LEDs

In this paper we discuss the growth of InN, GaN and InGaN QDs by MBE on either GaN or AIN templates. InN QDs on GaN templates were found to occur without an InN wetting layer, a result consistent with the large lattice mismatch of 11% between InN and GaN. Self-assembled GaN QDs were grown on AIN templates, using the modified Stranski-Krastanov mode of growth. The microstructure and the size distribution of such QDs in a single layer or a superlattice structure were investigated by electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Finally, the self assembly of InGaN QDs on GaN templates using the Stranski-Krastanov mode and the applications of such QDs to blue-green LEDs are addressed. The results indicate that InGaN / GaN multiple quantum dots (MQDs) are highly strained and their emission at low injection is red shifted with respect to that of a single layer of QDs due to quantum confined Stark effect.
Do spectators and competitors accept the use of scoring technology in Taekwondo competitions

The purposes of this study are Davis’ (1989) and Davis et al.’s (1992) technology acceptance conception were applied. Multiple regression analyses and descriptive statistics were conducted using data from a survey of a convenience sample of spectators, athletes, and coaches participating in the 2010 US Open Taekwondo Championship. Person-to-person interviews were conducted to expand and enrich the quantitative findings. The results suggested that usefulness and enjoyability were found to be important predictors in developing positive attitude and purchase intention among target samples. The findings of the study are limited by the sample being restricted to a particular product in a very specific context in the USA.
Variations in life history characteristics ofDaphnia pulex fed different algal species.

Groups of individualDaphnia pulex were fed one of three algae (Pediastrum duplex, Chlamydomonas monadina, orMelosira ambigua) from age one day until death and their reproductive characteristics were monitored.Daphnia which were fedMelosira matured later, lived longer and produced more but smaller broods thanDaphnia which were fedPediastrum orChlamydomonas. Ro values did not differ among the groups but the fertility pattern was variable which is suggested to be of adaptive significance resulting from fluctuations of different food quality algae.
Applying public key distribution to local area networks

Abstract This paper reports on the advantages of using public key distribution as the underlying mechanism in support of cryptographic key management for a local area network. The design and development of an experimental encrypted subnetwork operating on MITRE's broadband CSMA/CD CATV cable bus local area network will be discussed. This hybrid system uses the Diffie-Hellman discrete exponential public key distribution algorithm in conjunction with the U.S. National Bureau of Standards Data Encryption Standard (DES). Its application to the privacy and authentication requirements of an office electronic mail system will be highlighted.
Properties of linearized mappings associated with periodic orbits in the three-body problem

In this paper three results on the linearized mapping associated with the plane three body problem near a periodic orbit are established. It is first shown that linear stability of such an orbit is independent of initial position on the orbit and of coordinate system. Second, the relation of Henon connecting the rates of change of rotation angle and period on an isoenergetic family of periodic orbits is proved, together with a similar relation for families of orbits closing exactly in a rotating coordinate system. Finally, a condition for a critical orbit is given which is applicable to any family of periodic orbits.
Structure and valency of a cobalt-phosphate water oxidation catalyst determined by in situ X-ray spectroscopy.

A water oxidation catalyst generated via electrodeposition from aqueous solutions containing phosphate and Co2+ (Co−Pi) has been studied by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Spectra were obtained for Co−Pi films of two different thicknesses at an applied potential supporting water oxidation catalysis and at open circuit. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra indicate the presence of bis-oxo/hydroxo-bridged Co subunits incorporated into higher nuclearity clusters in Co−Pi. The average cluster nuclearity is greater in a relatively thick film (∼40−50 nmol Co ions/cm2) deposited at 1.25 V vs NHE than in an extremely thin film (∼3 nmol Co ions/cm2) deposited at 1.1 V. X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra and electrochemical data support a Co valency greater than 3 for both Co−Pi samples when catalyzing water oxidation at 1.25 V. Upon switching to open circuit, Co−Pi undergoes a continuous reduction due to residual water oxidation catalysis, as indicated by the negative s...
UNDER THE BRIDGES OF POLK COUNTY: A Laboratory for Teaching and Research

The obituary was short, to the point. It noted that he was thirty-seven years old, had died of pneumonia at Broadlawns Medical Center; and was survived by a wife, a daughter, his mother, five brothers and two sisters. Nine of the twenty-two lines that appeared on June 1, 1993, in the Des Moines Register reported on demographics about these relatives. Between the middle and last name was inserted, in quotation marks, the word "Wolfman." The information, squeezed in with other similar summaries about other people who had died recently, noted that he was a "self-employed carpenter," that he was from, and his family continued to be in and around, Fort Worth, Texas, and that the services would be at Hamilton's Funeral Home, with burial at Resthaven Cemetery in West Des Moines. It is not possible that twenty-two short lines could do justice to thirty-seven years of any person's life. Yet that is what he was allotted. The summer after he died was the summer of the Great Iowa Flood. Wolfnfman, as everyone called him, never lived to experience the natural event that brought notoriety to the city and devastation to the lives of so many people who shared his community but never knew he existed. I doubt that many people in Des Moines who brushed against his life even knew that his real name was Billy Dean Roberts.
Frequency measurements of some rotational spectra in the v8 = 2 and the v8 = 3 vibrational states for the 12CH313C15N molecule in the frequency range 17–95 GHz

Rotational energy levels in the methyl cyanide molecule for rotational components 1 ≤ J ≤ 5 in the v8 = 2 and v8 = 3 vibrational states were studied for 13C-substituted species for a frequency range of 17 to 95 GHz. Anomalous behavior was observed in the v8 = 3 vibrational states for the quantum number sets (J, K = ±1, l = ±1), Kl = 1, with large departures between experimental and theoretical values. These departures are assumed to be due to Fermi resonance between the v7 = 1 vibrational state and the v8 = 3 vibrational level. Rotational components in each of these vibrations have been measured to determine if mutual interactions arise in them. The method of isotopic substitution enabled the molecular system to be internally “tuned” so that relative frequencies within each vibration with respect to another could be shifted. Thus, the v8 = 3 vibrational level was lowered in frequency toward the v7 = 1 vibrational level, bringing the two levels in question into nearer coincidence. In addition, experimental data are presented for rotational components in the v4 = 1 vibrational state to test the hypothesis that the v8 = 2 and the v4 = 1 vibrational states are perturbing each other.
Conductance in Restricted-Dimensionality Accumulation Layers

Conductance has been studied in metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistor accumulation-layer samples in which it is possible to constrict the channel to small dimensions both perpendicular to the surface and perpendicular to the channel. A temperature-dependent conductance $\ensuremath{\sigma}={\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{0}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{(\frac{{T}_{0}}{T})}^{n}]$ is observed, where $n=\frac{1}{2}$ for small channel widths and $n=\frac{1}{3}$ for larger channel widths. It is believed that this behavior arises from a transition from one-dimensional to two-dimensional variable-range hopping in the sample.
Relationships of Milking Systems to Adequacy of Milking

Abstract By computer simulation techniques, the milking system was related to the time required to milk and adequacy of milking. Both sideopening and herringbone milking systems, utilizing four milking units, were characterized. Experiment I was a factorial arrangement of treatments involving two variations of five factors: herringbone or sideopening parlor, presence or absence of mechanized crowd gate, presence or absence of group-washing, presence or absence of machine stripping, and high or low milk production. Experiment II involved two variations of three factors: parlor type, parlor efficiency, and priority of chore routine. Elimination of excessive machine stripping improved milking techniques, relaxed working conditions for the milker, and increased the cow per man-hour capacity of the parlor. All mechanization features tended to improve parlor capacity. The descending order of rank, by time saved, is: group washing, herringbone rather than sideopening parlor, and crowd gate. Variations in the operator activity routines did not alter parlor capacity but did result in significant differences in the adequacy of milking.
Beta-NMR magnetic moment measurement using on-line mass separation and tilted foil polarization

Abstract Tilted foil polarization and on-line mass separation have been successfully applied to a β-NMR technique for measuring nuclear moments. Nuclei are polarized using tilted carbon foils (multifoil array) and implanted in a catcher. Nuclear polarization, monitored by detection of anisotropic β-emission, is destroyed via resonant rf excitation to locate the NMR. Tests were performed using 12B ( T 1 2 = 20.4 ms , I π = 1 + ) and the ground-state magnetic moment of 33 Cl (T 1 2 = 2.51 s , I π = 3 2 + ) was measured using this arrangement. The 33Cl magnetic moment, corrected for diamagnetism, is μ = +0.7523(16) nm.
Photoemission studies of the interaction of Li and solid molecular oxygen

The interaction of Li and oxygen has been studied at 25 K. This system serves as an excellent prototype for studying the interaction of alkali metals with oxygen. For some of the alkali metals, such as Cs or K, oxygen can be incorporated below the metal surface and complex valence-band and core-level features are obtained. In the case of Li at 25 K this does not appear to happen, and the core-level and valence-band features can be identified with the formation of the superoxide, the peroxide, and the oxide.
Ballistic-electron-emission microscopy characteristics of reverse-biased Schottky diodes

Ballistic‐electron‐emission microscopy (BEEM) is used to study Au/Si Schottky diodes under reverse‐bias conditions. The reverse bias causes a reduction in the barrier height and an increase in the collection efficiency of the electron transport. The former phenomenon is well described by the effects of the image potential. The increase in collection efficiency is likely due to a reduction in the percentage of backscattered electrons as the field strength in the semiconductor is increased. The analysis further indicates that this back scattering is a significant energy dependent process that is absent from the accepted BEEM transport model.
The fundamental solution for the axially symmetric wave equation II

In a recent paper, hereafter referred to as I (1) we derived two alternate forms for the fundamental solution of the axially symmetric wave equation. We demonstrated that for α > 0, the fundamental solution (the so-called free space Green's function) of the partial differential equation could be written as if b > r or if r > b .
The michill adjective rating scale (MARS): Scoring procedures and normative data

The Michill Adjective Rating Scale (MARS) measures four relatively independent factors (unhappiness, extraversion, self-assertiveness, and productive persistence) and has been used to secure ratings of self and other significant individuals from both normal and maladjusted persons. Procedures for administering and scoring and the normative data (means and standard deviations), based on high school students, college undergraduates, and obese adults, are presented here in order to facilitate the experimental use of MARS in clinical and psychosocial research.
Evidence for alkyl intermediates during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and their relation to hydrocarbon products

Abstract Fischer-Tropsch synthesis mechanisms have been postulated in which alkyl fragments are both the chain-growing intermediate and the precursor to hydrocarbon products. The conversion of CO H 2 into small alkyl fragments was investigated by scavenging C 1 C 3 alkyl species from the surface of an iron catalyst during Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The experiments were performed in a steady-state mode revealing that pyridine did not inhibit or poison the Fischer-Tropsch reaction, rather it suppressed the overall rate slightly. Scavenged α-alkylpyridine distributions were dependent upon synthesis variables and displayed a dependence which was proportional to the dependence of C 1  C 3 Fischer-Tropsch products. These dependences are used to demonstrate that alkyl fragments are the immediate precursors to Fischer-Tropsch products.
Life events and perceptions of life quality: Developments in a two‐factor approach

This paper reviews research on how a two-factor model explains relationships between life events and perceptions of life quality. Positive life events were found to have different effects than negative life events. People rated their distress higher after experiencing negative events, but they did not always rate the quality of their daily lives lower. Positive events increased ratings of positive affect but were usually unrelated to psychological distress. While these data fit a two-factor model of psychological well-being best, such a model left some important exceptions to that model unexplained. To address such issues, the review focused on those occasions when the effects of events crossed affective domains. This fuller assessment promises to provide an integrative approach to understanding some of the affective and congnitive processes linking life events to quality of life.
802-6 The Cost-Effectiveness of Pravastatin in Secondary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease

To determine the cost-effectiveness of pravastatin therapy in patients with coronary heart disease, a projected risk model was developed that used the results of the three-year, double blind, placebo controlled clinical trials: Pravastatin Limitation ofAtherosclerosis in the Coronary Arteries (PLAC I) and Pravastatin, Upids and Atherosclerosis in the Carotid Arteries (PLAC II). In addition to measuring atherosclerotic progression, the PLAC studies evaluated four outcome variables: coronary heart disease death, non-coronary heart disease death, fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal myocardial infarction in a patient population (mean age 60 years) with established coronary heart disease and moderate low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels, Pooled PLAC data analysis (n = 559) revealed a statistically significant (p l 0.05) difference in male non-fatal myocardial infarctions between the pravastatin and placebo groups. The projected risk model utilized Framingham data to project the risk of mortality 10 years post myocardial infarction. Markov Process was used to estimate the life-years saved and cost. All costs and benefits were discounted by 5%, Results are presented in the table below: Patient Risk Profile Cost per Life-Year Saved Male with CHD + 1Additional Risk Factor $19,082 Male with CHD + 2 Additional Risk Factors $14,022 Male with CHD + 3 Additional Risk Factors $10,630 Based on this model, pravastatin monotherapy in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease has a cost-effectiveness ratio comparable to some of the widely accepted medical interventions such as breast cancer screening, $21,700, hydrochlorothiazide in the treatment of hypertension, $16,400, and pneumococcal vaccine, $12,000.
The impact of structural adjustment and property rights conflicts on Nicaraguan Agrarian reform beneficiaries

Abstract In Nicaragua, structural adjustment policies under the new government have led to sharply reduced agricultural producer credit and tighter conditions for its use. Along with conflicts over property rights that emerged from the Sandinista era land confiscations, the effect has been to speed a process of parceling and land sales among the population of agrarian reform beneficiaries which was the main recipient of redistributed lands. Faced with imperfect capital markets and tenure uncertainty, small-scale producers have resorted to distress sales of their parcels that could lead to a restratification of land ownership patterns.
In Memoriam: Felix K. Schwering

It is with great sadness that I inform you of the passing of Dr. Felix K. Schwering, my colleague and dear friend of many years. Dr. Schwering died March 28, 2012, of natural causes at his home in Eatontown, New Jersey. He was laid to rest shortly thereafter in St. Catharine's Cemetery in Sea Girt, New Jersey.
Dispersion model for tidal wetlands

Tidal wetlands in California are mostly estuarine salt marshes characterized by tidal channels and mudflats that are flooded and drained on a semidiurnal basis. Depths are rarely greater than 2 or 3 m, except where dredging occurs for harbor operations, and lengths from head to mouth are usually in the range of 1.10 km. This paper presents a coupled set of models for prediction of flow, solute transport, and particle transport in these systems. The flow and solute transport models are based upon depth-integrated conservation equations while the particle transport model is quasi-three-dimensional. Common to these models is an assumption that a turbulent boundary layer extends vertically from the bed and can be described by the law of the wall. This feature of the model accounts for: (1) momentum transfer to the bed, (2) longitudinal dispersion of dissolved material based on the work of Elder (1959), and (3) advection and turbulent diffusion of particles in three dimensions. A total variation diminishing finite volume scheme is used to solve the depth-integrated equations. Using this model, we show that dispersion can be accurately modeled using physically meaningful mixing coefficients. Calibration is therefore directed at modifying bed roughness, which scales both the rate of advection and dispersion.
Linearized stability of semilinear delay equations in fractional power spaces

RECENTLY, a result of Desch and Schappacher [l] has been used to develop various principles of linearized stability which are useful for studying the stability of certain nonlinear functional equations and functional differential equations (see [3 and 61). Here we shall use the Desch-Schappacher result to develop a principle of linearized stability for a certain class of abstract semilinear functional differential equations. We consider equations of the form du/dt + Au(t) = J(u,), tro 0-E) u(t) = 44th -r 5 t 5 0,
Quantitative determination of human apolipoprotein Cc-III by electroimmunoassay

An electroimmunoassay procedure is described for the quantitative determination of human plasma apolipoprotein C-III. Purified apolipoprotein C-III was used for the preparation of monospecific antisera and as the primary standard. This sensitive, specific, rapid (time required for the completion of the assay is 5 h), precise (the within and between-assay coefficients of variation are 6 and 8%, respectively) and accurate electroimmunoassay is applicable to measurement of C-III polypeptide in whole serum and density classes. However, plasma samples containing lipoproteins with Sf < 400 and/or triacylglycerol levels greater than 700 mg/100 ml must be delipidized. Plasma apolipoprotein C-III levels of normolipidemic subjects and hypercholesterolemic (type IIa) patients were similar (10.4 ± 3 and 12.0 ± 6 mg/100 ml, respectively). In contrast, patients with hyperlipoproteinemic phenotypes IIb, III, IV and V had significantly increased levels of apolipoprotein C-III (22 ±7; 23 ± 8; 26 ± 6, and 54 ± 12, respectively). The levels of apo C-III in patients with type V were significantly higher (P < 0.001) than in normal or other hyperlipoproteinemic phenotypes. The observed correlation (r = 0.88) between triacylglycerol and apo C-III levels suggests that this apolipoprotein is an excellent plasma marker for detecting abnormal states of triacylglycerol metabolism.
Model-checking trace event structures

Given regular collection of Mazurkiewicz traces, which can be seen as the behaviors of a finite-state concurrent system, one can associate with it a canonical regular event structure. This event structure is a single (often infinite) structure that captures both the concurrency and conflict information present in the system. We study the problem of model-checking such structures against logics such as first-order logic (FOL), monadic second-order logic (MSOL) and a new logic that lies in between these two called monadic trace logic (MTL). MTL is a fragment of MSOL where the quantification is restricted to sets that are conflict-free. While it is known that model-checking such event structures against MSOL is undecidable, our main results are that FOL and MTL admit effective model-checking procedures. It turns out that FOL captures previously known decidable temporal logics on event structures. MTL is more powerful and can express interesting branching-time properties of event structures, and when restricted to a sequential setting, can express the standard logic CTL over trees.