cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Broadband plasma sprayed ceramic anti-reflection coating for millimeter-wave astrophysics (Conference Presentation)

The next generations of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarimetry experiments will attempt to detect the faint primordial B-mode signal from gravitational waves. The increasing scale of photon-noise limited detector arrays of millimeter-wave astrophysics has led to the need for cryogenic refractive optics with large aperture, high dielectric constant, and low loss. Additionally, multiple frequency band observations for galactic foreground removal from CMB signal require broad bandwidth optics. Modern CMB polarimetry experiments use several cryogenically cooled refractive elements made of alumina or silicon. Their high dielectric constants require multiple layers of anti-reflection (AR) coating with different dielectric constants to minimize reflection at the dielectric boundaries. We have developed an AR coating technology for millimeter-wave optics which achieves minimal dissipative loss and broad bandwidth with a simple and accurate fabrication process. Ceramic coatings are applied using a standard plasma spray system. We tune the dielectric constant of the coating by mixing hollow ceramic microspheres with alumina powder as the base material or varying the parameters of the plasma system. By spraying low loss ceramic materials with a tunable dielectric constant, we can apply multiple layers of AR coating for broadband millimeter-wave detection. The ceramic coating also has matching coefficient of thermal contraction with alumina and silicon for robustness to cryogenic delamination. We report on the design, fabrication methodology, and measurement of coating uniformity, repeatability, and transmission at room and cryogenic temperatures. This technology is applicable from submillimeter to millimeter wavelengths for coatings with greater than octave bandwidth.
Wind and tide effects on the Choctawhatchee Bay plume and implications for surface transport at Destin Inlet

Abstract Multiple river-dominated estuaries line the northern Gulf coast and introduce substantial density variations. Their plumes have been shown to be highly sensitive to wind and tide effects, but in studies with limited observations and idealized wind forcing. This study explores these effects with a dynamic model that can represent the full behavior from river through estuary to shelf, and for a period with extensive observations. The inner shelf adjacent to Choctawhatchee Bay, a micro tidal estuary situated along the Florida Panhandle, is subject to buoyant, brackish outflows during the ebb-phase of the tidal cycle. In December 2013, experiments were performed in this region to study mechanisms that influence near-shore surface transport. Satellite imagery showed a visible brackish surface plume at Destin during low tide. The goal of the present study is to quantify variability in the plume signature due to changes in tidal and wind forcing. Density-driven flows near Destin Inlet are modeled with the recently-enhanced, three-dimensional, baroclinic capabilities of the ADvanced CIRCulation (ADCIRC) model. Modeled tides, salinities and plume signature are validated against in-situ observations and satellite imagery. Model results reveal substantial changes in the length, width and orientation of the plume as the wind direction varied on consecutive days due to winter cold fronts. During a period of near-constant winds and variability in tidal amplitude, the model predicted a larger plume during spring tides than during neap conditions. Coriolis effects on the plume are minimized due to its small scale nature. Therefore, when the wind forcing is weak, the plume signature spreads radially from the inlet with slight preference to the down-shelf. The Choctawhatchee Bay plume is representative of other small-scale plumes formed in river-dominated and micro-tidal environments, and this work demonstrates the sensitivity of these plumes to changing environmental conditions.
GNN3DMOT: Graph Neural Network for 3D Multi-Object Tracking With 2D-3D Multi-Feature Learning

3D Multi-object tracking (MOT) is crucial to autonomous systems. Recent work uses a standard tracking-by-detection pipeline, where feature extraction is first performed independently for each object in order to compute an affinity matrix. Then the affinity matrix is passed to the Hungarian algorithm for data association. A key process of this standard pipeline is to learn discriminative features for different objects in order to reduce confusion during data association. In this work, we propose two techniques to improve the discriminative feature learning for MOT: (1) instead of obtaining features for each object independently, we propose a novel feature interaction mechanism by introducing the Graph Neural Network. As a result, the feature of one object is informed of the features of other objects so that the object feature can lean towards the object with similar feature (i.e., object probably with a same ID) and deviate from objects with dissimilar features (i.e., object probably with different IDs), leading to a more discriminative feature for each object; (2) instead of obtaining the feature from either 2D or 3D space in prior work, we propose a novel joint feature extractor to learn appearance and motion features from 2D and 3D space simultaneously. As features from different modalities often have complementary information, the joint feature can be more discriminate than feature from each individual modality. To ensure that the joint feature extractor does not heavily rely on one modality, we also propose an ensemble training paradigm. Through extensive evaluation, our proposed method achieves state-of-the-art performance on KITTI and nuScenes 3D MOT benchmarks. Our code will be made available at https://github.com/xinshuoweng/GNN3DMOT
Hurricane Bond Price Dependency on Underlying Hurricane Parameters

Hurricane bonds are parametric in nature as they have a dual-exercise structure: the first exercise is conditional on the hurricane’s physical landfall location and the second is conditional upon the embedded option ending in-the-money. We propose a coupled and physically-based hurricane bond pricing model via Monte Carlo simulation that resolves the dual exercise, which was not addressed in extant loss-based catastrophe bond pricing models. This coupled model is developed at the nexus of atmospheric science and finance by integrating hurricane risk modeling and option pricing. By applying this model to price a parametric hurricane bond, we demonstrate how a hurricane bond’s price is sensitive to its underlying hurricane’s physical parameters – genesis, heading, translation speed, velocity, and radius.
Restrictions on Reproductive Care at Catholic Hospitals: A Qualitative Study of Patient Experiences and Perspectives

Previous studies have shown that many women who would seek care at Catholic hospitals are unaware of the hospital’s religious affiliation. Furthermore, women often do not realize that these institu...
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and High-Protein Supplementation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Single-Center Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) survivors live with long-term residual physical and cognitive disability. We studied whether neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) and high-protein supplementation (HPRO) in the first 2 weeks after SAH could preserve neuromotor and cognitive function as compared to standard of care (SOC) for nutrition and mobilization. SAH subjects with a Hunt Hess (HH) grade > 1,modified Fisher score > 1 and BMI 3). Median duration of interventions was 12 days (range 9–14) with completion of 98% of NMES sessions and 83% of goal HPRO, and no reported serious adverse events. There was no difference in caloric intake between groups, but HPRO + NMES group received more protein (1.5 ± 0.5 g/kg/d v 0.9 ± 0.4 g/kg/d, P < 0.01). Muscle atrophy was less in NMES + HPRO than the SOC group (6.5 ± 4.1% vs 12.5 ± 6.4%, P 0.01). Higher atrophy was correlated with lower daily protein intake (ρ = - 0.45, P = 0.03) and lower nitrogen balance (ρ = 0.47, P = 0.02); and worse 3 month SPPB (ρ = - 0.31, P = 0.1) and mRS (ρ = 0.4, P = 0.04). NMES + HPRO patients had a better median [25%,75] SPPB (12[10, 12] v. 9 [4, 12], P = 0.01) and mRS (1[0,2] v.2[1, 3], P = 0.04) than SOC at PBD 90. NMES + HPRO appears to be feasible and safe acutely after SAH and may reduce acute quadriceps muscle wasting with a lasting benefit on recovery after SAH.
Manual Carotid Compression is a Viable Alternative for Reduction of Cerebral Microemboli

Stroke is a devastating complication of cardiovascular surgeries, and the risk is particularly high for those requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Embolic particles generated during the unclamping of the aortic cross-clamp may enter the cerebral circulation, lodging in small vessels. External manual compression of the carotid arteries is a non-invasive technique that has been proposed for cerebral protection during CPB procedures but is not widely deployed. The aim of this study is to assess the potential for cerebral emboli reduction with carotid compression using an in vitro model. Experiments were performed with a glass aortic arch model in a mock cardiovascular circuit. Small fluorescent particles were released into the circulation with and without carotid compression, and the particles visualized in the aortic midplane. The number of particles in the aorta and arch branch vessels were counted from the images before, during and following the release of carotid compression for durations of 10, 15 and 20 s. A gamma variate function was fit to the data to describe the bolus dynamics. Carotid compression for 10 s reduces the number of embolic articles entering the carotid arteries by over 75%. A compression duration of 15–20 s does not result in greater particle reduction than one of 10 s. Brief compression of the common carotid arteries during cardiovascular interventions has the potential to dramatically reduce the number of cerebral emboli and should be investigated further.
Implementing the training program of inter-professional poetry therapy groups in rural communities

The authors of this paper present the initial outcome of using a SPARC Grant to train inter-professionals to implement a curriculum used in the provision of a co-facilitative poetry therapy group. ...
People, Place, and Attachment in Local Bars: An Ethnographic Study in West Baton Rouge, Louisiana: John W. McEwen. London, UK: Lexington Books/Rowman & Littlefield, 2019. xii and 190 pp., maps, photos, diagrams, notes, bibliography, index. $90.00 cloth (ISBN 978-1-4985-6236-2); $85.50 ebook (ISBN 978-1-4985-6237-9).

Beowulf’s mead-house, the Gaelic and South African shebeen, the Roman Lupercanalia and British colonial tavern, the Chicago Blues den, Irish-American pub, and the steel-mill town bar depicted in th...
Compound Words in Spanish: Theory and History

This is the first book devoted entirely to the history of compound words in Spanish. Based on data obtained from Spanish dictionaries and databases of the past thousand years, it documents the evolution of the major compounding patterns of the language. It analyzes the structural, semantic, and orthographic features of each compound type, and also provides a description of its Latin antecedents, early attestations, and relative frequency and productivity over the centuries. The combination of qualitative and quantitative data shows that although most compound types have survived, they have undergone changes in word order and relative frequency. Moreover, the book shows that the evolution of compounding in Spanish may be accounted for by processes of language acquisition in children. This book, which includes all the data in chronological and alphabetical order, will be a valuable resource for morphologists, Romance linguists, and historical linguists more generally.
Achtes Kapitel. Die Infinitesimalrechnung

Es ist eine absurde Vereinfachung, wenn man die „Erfindung“ der Infinitesimalrechnung Newton und Leibniz allein zuschreibt. In Wirklichkeit ist die Infinitesimalrechnung das Ergebnis einer langen Entwicklung, die von Newton und Leibniz weder eingeleitet noch abgeschlossen wurde, in der aber beide eine entscheidende Rolle spielten.
Clipping Management and Nitrogen Fertilization of Turfgrass: Growth, Nitrogen Utilization, and Quality

The effect of returning grass clippings on turfgrass growth and quality has not been thoroughly examined. The objective of this research was to determine the effects of returning grass clippings in combination with varying N rates on growth, N utilization, and quality of turfgrass managed as a residential lawn. Two field experiments using a cool-season turfgrass mixture were arranged as a 2 x 4 factorial in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Treatments included two clipping management practices (returned or removed) and four N rates (equivalent to 0, 98, 196, and 392 kg N ha -1 ). Soils at the two sites were a Paxton fine sandy loam (coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Oxyaquic Dystrudepts) and a variant of a Hinckley gravelly sandy loam (sandy-skeletal, mixed, mesic Typic Udorthents). Returning clippings was found to increase clipping dry matter yields (DMYs) from 30 to 72%, total N uptake (NUP) from 48 to 60%, N recovery by 62%, and N use efficiency (NUE) from 52 to 71%. Returning grass clippings did not decrease turfgrass quality, and improved it in some plots. We found that N fertilization rates could be reduced 50% or more without decreasing turfgrass quality when clippings were returned. Overall, returning grass clippings was found to improve growth and quality of turfgrass while reducing N fertilization needs.
Unfolded conformations of α-lytic protease are more stable than its native state

α-Lytic protease (αLP), an extracellular bacterial protease, is synthesized with a large amino-terminal pro-region that is essential for its folding in vivo and in vitro1,2. In the absence of the pro-region, the protease folds to an inactive, partially folded state, designated ‘I’. The pro-region catalyses protease folding by directly stabilizing the folding transition state (>26 kcal mol−1) which separates the native state ‘N’ from I1,3. Although a basic tenet of protein folding is that the native state of a protein is at the minimum free energy4, we show here that both the I and fully unfolded states of αLP are lower in free energy than the native state. Native αLP is thus metastable: its apparent stability derives from a large barrier to unfolding. Consequently, the evolution of αLP has been distinct from most other proteins: it has not been constrained by the free-energy difference between the native and unfolded states, but instead by the size of its unfolding barrier.
Constructive replication of the visual¿perceptual-image rotation model in Thurstone's (1941) battery of 60 tests of mental ability

Abstract We recently evaluated the relative statistical performance of the Cattell–Horn fluid–crystallized model and the Vernon verbal–perceptual model of the structure of human intelligence in a sample of 436 adults heterogeneous for age, place of origin, and educational background who completed 42 separate tests of mental ability from three test batteries. We concluded that the Vernon model's performance was substantively superior but could be significantly improved. In so doing, we proposed a four-stratum model with a g factor at the top of the hierarchy and three factors at the third stratum. We termed this the Verbal–Perceptual-Image Rotation (VPR) model. In this study, we constructively replicated the model comparisons and development of the VPR model using the data matrix published by Thurstone and Thurstone (1941) [Thurstone, L. L., & Thurstone T. G. (1941). Factorial studies of intelligence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press]. The data matrix was generated by scores of 710 Chicago eighth graders on 60 tests of mental ability.
Risk Assessment, Seismological

Seismic risk assessment (SRA) may be defined as the process of estimating the probability that certain performance variates at a location of interest exceed relevant critical values, within a specified time period, as a result of nearby seismic events. Possible performance variates include: maximum acceleration, force (on an object), amplitude of vibration at a specified frequency, damage.
Rubinstein, Edward Mark

Mark Rubinstein has been described as a “brilliant scholar,” one who “marches to his own drumbeat,” and is known among colleagues as a risk taker and innovator. As an individual, Rubinstein is often characterized as intellectually fearless. He is known by many of his students as a sincere mentor who has extraordinary passion and intellect. Having developed the binomial options model with Stephen A. Ross and John C. Cox, he revolutionized the way professionals value options. For this and earlier work on asset pricing models, he was elected President of the American Finance Association for 1993. Along with his colleagues Hayne E. Leland and John W. O'Brien, Rubinstein developed and commercialized the use of portfolio insurance, which was ultimately cited as one of the causes of the stock market crash of 1987, and his firm developed the first exchange-traded fund in 1992. The International Association of Financial Engineers (IAFE) named him as the 1995 IAFE/SunGard Financial Engineer of the Year, making him the third winner after Robert Merton and Fischer Black. Keywords: asset-pricing; Cox-Ross-Rubinstein model; CRR model, Black-Scholes-Merton; derivatives; binomial options model, 1987 stock market crash; portfolio insurance; Leland O'Brien Rubinstein; exchange-trade funds; ETF; SuperTrust
Transcription of a human neurotropic virus promoter in glial cells: effect of YB-1 on expression of the JC virus late gene.

Abstract We have isolated a partial recombinant cDNA clone from a HeLa expression library which encodes a protein capable of binding to the central region of the human neurotropic JC virus (JCV) enhancer/promoter, termed the B region. Sequence analysis revealed a complete homology of the partial cDNA clone to the N-terminal region, of a previously described DNA-binding protein, termed YB-1. Band shift analyses have indicated that the bacterially produced YB-1 interacts specifically with the double-stranded B oligonucleotide as well as the corresponding single-stranded DNA fragment representing the early promoter sequence. Further analysis indicated that the YB-1 protein binds specifically to the C/T-rich sequence of the B domain, which is located in close proximity to the TATA box within the virus enhancer/promoter. Results from cotransfection experiments demonstrated that the full-length (YB-1) but not the partial cDNA enhances expression of the JCV late (JCVL) promoter in glial cells. Cointroduction into glial cells of a recombinant expressing the YB-1 and JCVL deletion mutants indicated that removal of the C/T-rich sequence of the B domain reduces the level of activation of the virus promoter by YB-1. Further cotransfection experiments revealed that the virus transactivating protein T antigen appears to diminish the ability of YB-1 to activate JCVL gene expression. RNA studies indicated that YB-1 is expressed in several cell types and tissues. Examination of YB-1 RNA from mouse brain at various stages of development revealed high levels of YB-1 RNA at early stages of development and lower levels at all subsequent developmental stages.
Comparison of Sensitivity Coefficient Calculation Methods in Automatic History Matching (includes associated paper 10873 )

The efficiency of automatic history matching algorithms depends on two factors: the computation time needed per iteration and the number of iterations needed for convergence. In most history matching algorithms, the most time-consuming aspect is the calculation of the sensitivity coefficients - the derivatives of the reservoir variables (pressure and saturation) with respect to the reservoir properties (permeabilities and porosity). This work presents an analysis of two methods - the direct and the variational - for calculating sensitivity coefficients, with particular emphasis on the computational requirements of the methods. 19 refs.
Measurement of 0-25 eV ions with a retarding potential analyzer on the Cluster ion spectroscopy experiment

We describe a retarding potential analyzer (RPA) which extends the energy range of the Cluster ion spectroscopy (CIS) experiment down to 0-25 eV [Reme et al., 1993]. The CIS experiment will make comprehensive measurements of 3D ion distribution functions from 0-40 keV over the broad range of plasma regions the Cluster orbit will traverse. Mass composition, obtained using a time-of-flight technique, yields distribution functions for the different ion species. The incorporation of the RPA into an electrostatic analyzer (ESA) makes efficient use of spacecraft resources. We will describe the RPA optics design and implementation, and compare simulation work with the performance realized in the laboratory.
The relationship of organizational subcultures to DSS user satisfaction

First and foremost, decision support systems must be accepted by their users if the systems are to be used. Recently, user satisfaction with DSS has been studied in several different ways. This paper explores the relationship between organizational subcultures and users of DSS, in order to discover how subcultures can be useful in explaining user satisfaction with decision support systems. Active DSS users from three functional areas of a large midwestern financial institution participated in the study. The existence of organizational subcultures was determined through multiple methods and questionnaires were used to determine user satisfaction for the same population of DSS users. The three subcultures were more successful than demographic variables in explaining variation. Implications of this study include utilizing information about subcultures to design decision support systems acceptable to the various subcultures.
End-to-end performance characterization of Sensornet multi-hop routing

This paper brings out the current state of art in multi-hop routing techniques for sensor networks, specifically for many-to-one periodic data collection. We evaluate the routing layers on a large scale Sensornet testbed of 100 nodes where the nodes are densely spaced. The evaluation was focused on trying to short list the routing layer with the best data reliability. Such an evaluation is expected to be useful to researchers building pervasive applications using TinyOS based sensors (micaa2 and mica2dot) and a multi-hop routing stack. We saw that the reliable time sync and the DSDV implementation in HSN (heterogeneous sensor network) routing stack performed the best, with percentage of successful transmissions averaging at 58.3% and 62.9% respectively. The nodes that were closer to the base station had a high success rate of 86.9% for HSN DSDV and 83% for reliable time sync.
The effects of thermal fatigue on a SiC fibre/aluminosilicate glass composite

The thermal fatigue (TF) of ceramic matrix composites introduces stresses within the composite due to the thermal expansion mismatch of fibre and matrix; this will affect the lifetime and dimensional stability of the composite. A review of various laboratory TF methods is given, and the controlled, photon heating method used in this research is explained. A Nicalon fibre/glass matrix composite was subjected to rapid, controlled TF from 250 to 700 °C and 250 to 800 °C under no load and dead load conditions in order to illustrate a variety of elastic and inelastic cyclic strain conditions. To characterize simple environmental exposure at elevated temperature, ageing experiments were also run. After TF, the surfaces of the composites were characterized using SEM for evidence of thermal damage and microcracking. The composites were then tested for flexural strength. Results show that the tensile modulus after TF testing remains constant, and that dimensional changes are slight, except near any local hot spots. The 700 °C maximum TF specimens showed appreciably greater embrittlement and lower strength than the 800 °C maximum TF specimens. Observations in the SEM of the surfaces of the 700 °C specimens showed little matrix flow of the type which could decrease oxygen infiltration. Greater matrix flow was observed for the 800 °C specimens. Thermally aged specimens gave results similar to those for the TF experiments.
The Habits of Mind Necessary to Generate New Ways of Teaching in a Career of Constant Change

In this paper we explore the philosophy, pedagogy and implementation of the third year course sequence in the M.A. in Educational Technology program at Michigan State University. We discuss how “little-r” revolutions in teaching and learning, i.e., technology facilitated revolutions specific to individual classrooms and contexts, are used to introduce our students to the thinking patterns of designers and innovators. This is accomplished by an overlapping emphasis on learning by design, trans-disciplinary creative cognitive tools, innovative technology, and reflective practice. In this environment, we also transition our students from acting as consumers of educational media to being producers of educational experiences. That is, not only do the students construct new educational media, they consider the aesthetic and affective implications of technology use for teaching and learning. Finally, given the rapid evolution of educational technologies, we support students as they establish a foundational vision for the interplay of education and technology that will serve them into the future, as they, and their learners, adapt tonew and emerging digital environments.
Rapid method for determination of unsulfonated oils

A primary limitation to alkylbenzene sulfonation processes has been the lack of a rapid method to sense the quality of sulfonation. This is especially true for a process using sulfur trioxide where both the level of sulfonating agent and time are critical: too little reagent results in high oils; too much reagent degrades product color; and a delay in the process also degrades color. Although steam distillation of oils from the neutralized sulfonate can be conducted in about one and one-half hours for commercial dodecylbenzene derivatives, far greater time is required for higher molecular weight homologs. Extraction of oils requires about one hour and more operator time than distillation. The use of ethylene glycol as the principal carrier solvent, along with a small amount of water, provides oil values within 10 min distillation time. It is also applicable to longer chain alkylbenzene. sulfonates besides those from dodecylbenzene. Subsequently, extracted oils are high, ca. 90%, in sulfone content. Glycol distilled oils plus subsequently extracted oils (sulfones) are slightly greater than oils obtained exclusively by extraction. It has been realized that some of the more volatile oils are lost during the usual extraction procedure. The glycol oils distillation method has been successfully used in plants for alkylbenzene sulfonic acid quality control.
A brief history of the Wellesley College Herbarium (WELC) and a list of its type specimens of vascular plants now deposited at The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY)

The majority of the Wellesley College Herbarium (62, 193 specimens) has been intercalated into The New York Botanical Garden Herbarium (NY). Duplicated collections were distributed to other herbaria. Most specimens has been collected between 1850 and 1940. A brief history of the Wellesley Herbarium is given, and lists of the vascular plant type specimens and of some notable collectors of vascular plants are appended.
Attentional focus and fearful responding in patients with panic disorder during a 35% CO2 challenge * **

Patients with panic disorder show attentional hypervigilance to internal bodily sensations (i.e., body vigilance), but the role of body vigilance in the genesis of anxiety has not been evaluated. The present study utilized an experimental paradigm to examine the relationship between attentional focus and fearful responding to biological challenge. Patients with panic disorder (n = 45) and matched nonclinical controls (n = 45) were randomly assigned to one of three experimental conditions in which their attentional focus was directed toward internal bodily sensations (Internal Focus) or external cues (External Focus), or was allowed to alter freely (No Focus Control) in the context of a 35% CO2 challenge. Subjective and physiological measures were taken at baseline and during the biological challenge procedure. Consistent with prediction, patients showed greater attention to internal arousal cues prior to the challenge, but patient status did not interact with condition to predict response to the challenge. On the other hand, level of anxiety sensitivity was found to interact with attentional focus in the expected direction. These findings add support for cognitive models of panic disorder.
Performance of the completely renormalized equation-of-motion coupled-cluster method in calculations of excited-state potential cuts of water

Abstract The left-eigenstate completely renormalized (CR) coupled-cluster (CC) and equation-of-motion CC (EOMCC) approaches with singles, doubles, and non-iterative triples, abbreviated as CR-CC(2,3) and CR-EOMCC(2,3), respectively, are used to generate cuts of the low-lying potential energy surfaces (PESs) corresponding to the dissociation of the water molecule into the OH and H fragments. The performance of the CR-CC(2,3) and CR-EOMCC(2,3) methods is evaluated by comparing the results with those obtained in the full configuration interaction and multi-reference CC (MRCC) calculations reported earlier by Li and Paldus [J. Chem. Phys. 133 (2010) 024102]. It is shown that the single-reference, black-box CR-CC(2,3) and CR-EOMCC(2,3) methods produce PESs that are competitive with those obtained with the expert high-level MRCC approaches.
Evaluation of a three-dimensional empirically derived wing at supersonic speeds

A novel wing design concept is introduced which takes advantage of the existence of conical flow at supersonic speeds. The present wing design concept is to create a near conical wing geometry by redistributing airfoils in a spanwise direction. In addition, a set of graphs which review the supersonic aerodynamics of delta wings have been employed to select a design wing sweep and Mach number. An iteration through the wing design logic resulted in the selection of a 65 deg swept delta wing and a design Mach number of 1.62. Theoretical analysis was performed with a nonlinear full-potential analysis method to assess the merits of the wing design approach. The analysis showed large reductions in drag due to lift compared to delta wings configured with traditional thickness and airfoil distributions.
Self-Consistent Interpretation of the 2D Structure of the Liquid Au 82 Si 18 Surface: Bending Rigidity and the Debye-Waller Effect

The structural and mechanical properties of 2D crystalline surface phases that form at the surface of liquid eutectic ${\mathrm{Au}}_{82}{\mathrm{Si}}_{18}$ are studied using synchrotron x-ray scattering over a large temperature range. In the vicinity of the eutectic temperature the surface consists of a 2D atomic bilayer crystalline phase that transforms into a 2D monolayer crystalline phase during heating. The latter phase eventually melts into a liquidlike surface on further heating. We demonstrate that the short wavelength capillary wave fluctuations are suppressed due to the bending rigidity of 2D crystalline phases. The corresponding reduction in the Debye-Waller factor allows for measured reflectivity to be explained in terms of an electron density profile that is consistent with the 2D surface crystals.
A practical routine gas chromatographic determination of phenobarbital, primidone and dephenylhydantoin

Abstract A gas Chromatographic method for the routine determination of phenobarbital, primidone and diphenylhydantoin using alkaline extraction and on-column methylation has been developed. The procedure has been optimized for recovery of all three anticonvulsant drugs with particular attention to primidone. Correlation with photometric methods for phenobarbital and diphenylhydantoin show the technique offers significant advantages in both accuracy and precision over other methods.
Physician's role in ambulance service

10-Second summary Physicians are the most important element in the training of emergency medical technicians and must participate actively in this service. Only in this manner can the deficient ambulance service throughout the nation be improved.
TH-C-201B-06: Radiation Dose from Multi-Needle CT-Guided Cryoablation of Abdominal Tumors

Purpose: To quantify the radiationdose delivered to patients during percutaneous cryoablation of kidney and livertumors performed under CT guidance. Method and Materials: A retrospective review was conducted of consecutive CT guided cryoablations of kidney and livertumors performed on a 64‐detector row scanner. Axial helical and continuous (CTfluoroscopy) scanning modes were used. A total of 43 cases (28 kidney 15 liver) were reviewed. Effective dose was calculated from the dose‐length product reported by the scanner.Organdose was estimated using the ImPACT CTDosimetry calculator which utilizes Monte Carlo modeling of a reference adult patient. CT scans were classified into four identifiable procedure phases (planning needle placement treatment and final) and radiationdose per phase was calculated and compared. Results: The effective radiationdose was 48.6 +/− 25.4 mSv (mean +/− std dev) and 70.7 +/− 51.2 mSv for kidney and livertumor ablations respectively and 56.4 +/−37.0 mSv when both groups were combined. The procedure phase with the highest average dose was the treatment monitoring phase (42%) with the remainder delivered during needle placement (27%) planning (21%) and final imaging (10%). The largest doses occurred when avoidance of transpulmonary access required gantry angulation necessitating axial‐mode scanning. Critical organs receiving the highest average radiationdoses during liver procedures included stomach (430 mGy) liver (420 mGy) and lung (81 mGy) while for renal tumor ablations it was stomach (230 mGy) liver (170 mGy) and colon (44 mGy). Conclusion: The radiationdose delivered during CT‐guided cryoablation can be substantial. The largest radiationdose is delivered during the treatment phase when repeated scanning monitors the placement of treatment needles and the therapeutic effect. Care should be taken to select scan parameters that achieve the lowest dose practical while obtaining adequate image quality.
Molecular and polymeric Hg(II) complexes with a PTA (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) complex of the [Re6(μ3-Se)8]2+ core-containing cluster as ligand

Abstract Two Hg(II) complexes with the cluster-complex ligand [Re6(μ3-Se)8(PEt3)5(PTA)](SbF6)2 (PTA = 1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane), {[Re6(μ3-Se)8(PEt3)5(PTA)(Hg3I7)](SbF6)}n·(CH3CN)n (1) and {[Re6(μ3-Se)8(PEt3)5(PTA)]2(Hg4I9)}(SbF6)3·2CH3CN (2), were prepared and structurally characterized. The two compounds were obtained from reactions conducted at different temperatures under otherwise identical conditions. Recrystallization of the room-temperature product 2 in a different solvent mixture produced yet another new Hg(II) complex, {[Re6(μ3-Se)8(PEt3)5(PTA)](Hg3I8)}·CH3CN (3) which may be considered as a consequence of the dissociation of the kinetic product 2 in solution and the re-assembly of necessary components to generate the new compound upon crystallization. The solid-state structure of 1 contains polymeric cluster columns, in which the PTA ligand adopts a hitherto unknown coordination mode with simultaneous coordination of all four (one P and three N atoms) potentially coordinating atoms.
Sphingolipid C4 hydroxylation influences properties of yeast detergent‐insoluble glycolipid‐enriched membranes

Abstract Sphingoid base C4 hydroxylation is required for syringomycin E action on the yeast plasma membrane. Detergent-insoluble glycolipid-enriched membranes (DIGs) from a yeast strain lacking C4 hydroxylated sphingoid bases (sur2Δ) are composed of linear membrane fragments instead of vesicular structures observed for wild-type DIGs, though they have similar lipid compositions and amounts of DIG marker proteins. Light-scattering bands collected from sur2Δ after centrifugation of Triton X-100-treated cell lysates in continuous density gradients have lower buoyant densities than that of the wild-type. The results show that C4 hydroxylation influences the physical and structural properties of DIGs and suggest that syringomycin E interacts with lipid rafts.
Equilibrium vapor pressure in microemulsions: a test of the pseudophase model

Abstract The thermodynamic activities of oil (benzene) and alcohol cosurfactant have been determined in benzene/sec-butanol/water/surfactant microemulsions. The surfactants employed were sodium cetyl sulfate (anionic), cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (cationic), and Brij 96 (nonionic). The activities were determined by means of gas chromatographic headspace analysis. The results are interpreted in terms of the pseudophase model for microemulsions. The ionic systems appear to fit the model over most of the compositions in the microemulsion range of existence, while the nonionic system does not. For the ionic systems, the distribution of components among the domains of the microemulsion has been calculated.
The Invisible Woman: The Case of the Female Playwright in German Literature1

Literary historians maintain that women have never contributed significantly to the German drama. Facts, however, point clearly to the opposite. Indeed, the first known German dramatist (10th century) was a woman! Two major causes for the lack of historic recognition are: (a) prejudice that women are incapable of good dramatic production, (b) underrating of plays because professional critics —traditionally men — have used male psychology as the criterion for judging female characters in plays by women. A revaluation of women's contributions to drama is imperative.
Endobronchial Biopsies on Aspirin and Prasugrel

Patients are generally required to stop antiplatelet therapy prior to elective invasive procedures. Some patients receive dual antiplatelet therapy for recent vascular procedures such as drug-eluting coronary stenting, and early discontinuation of antiplatelet agents could lead to a significant risk of stent thrombosis. Most bronchoscopic procedures are performed on patients using Aspirin but not on those using Clopidogrel or Prasugrel. In this report, we describe a unique case of a patient with a recent placement of drug-eluting stents, who required endobronchial biopsies for evaluation of lung cancer recurrence. The procedure was performed successfully and safely with no complications.
Complexation of Arsenite with Humic Acid in the Presence of Ferric Iron

In the presence of iron (Fe), dissolved organic matter (DOM) may bind considerable amounts of arsenic (As), through formation of Fe-bridged As−Fe-DOM complexes and surface complexation of As on DOM-stabilized Fe-colloids (collectively referred to as As−Fe-DOM complexation). However, direct (e.g., chromatographic and spectroscopic) evidence and fundamental kinetic and stability constants have been rarely reported for this As−Fe-DOM complexation. Using a size exclusion chromatography (SEC)-UV-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique, arsenite (AsIII)-Fe-DOM complexation was investigated after adding AsIII into the priorly prepared Fe-DOM. A series of evidence, including coelution of As, Fe, and DOM from the SEC column and coretention of As, Fe, and DOM by 3 kDa MWCO centrifugal filtration membrane, demonstrated the occurrence of AsIII−Fe-DOM complexation. The kinetic data of AsIII−Fe-DOM complexation were well described by a pseudofirst order rate equation (R2 = 0.95), with the rate c...
An Analysis of Labor Union Participation in U.S. Congressional Hearings

Using both a new data set of labor union appearances in congressional hearings and archival data on union organizational resources, this article analyzes factors that determine whether a labor union will be represented in congressional hearing testimony in a given year. Consistent with the expectations of resource mobilization theory, organizational resources are important predictors of participation in congressional hearings. For example, membership is an important predictor of testimony in hearings, as is the number of lobbyists on staff and the character of a union's primary industry. However, membership in the AFL-CIO federation is negatively related to hearing participation, and some of the benefits of having a large membership base may be diminishing over time. Implications for the study of interest group politics and organizational political strategies are discussed.
Major changes in copper coordination accompany reduction of peptidylglycine monooxygenase: implications for electron transfer and the catalytic mechanism.

X-ray absorption spectroscopy has been used to probe the local coordination of the copper centers in the oxidized and reduced states of the peptidylglycine monooxygenase catalytic core (PHMcc) in both the resting and substrate-bound forms of the enzyme. The results indicate that reduction causes significant changes in coordination number and geometry of both Cu centers (CuH and CuM). The CuH center changes from 4- or 5-coordinate tetragonal to a 2-coordinate configuration, with one of the three histidine ligands becoming undetectable by EXAFS (suggesting that it has moved away from the CuH by at least 0.3 A). The CuM center changes from 4- or 5-coordinate tetragonal to a trigonal or tetrahedral configuration, with an estimated 0.3–0.5 A movement of the M314 S ligand. Reduction also leads to loss of coordinated water from both of the coppers. Substrate binding has little or no effect on the local environment of the Cu centers in either oxidation state. These findings bring into question whether direct electron transfer between CuH and CuM via a tunneling mechanism can be fast enough to support the observed catalytic rate, and suggest that some other mechanism for electron transfer, such as superoxide channeling, should be considered.
Virtual reality in medicine and biology

Abstract Medical and biological applications of virtual reality technology serve a wide range of basic research, educational, diagnostic and surgical planning purposes. All these applications rely on accurate, efficient, 3D models of human anatomy, extracted from sectional image data, although the level of required interactivity and “realism” varies widely between applications. In this paper, we describe our approach to creating tiled surface models from volumetric data, using examples of both normal anatomy as represented by the NLM Visible Human Project, and pathological anatomy from CT and MRI images of patients. We also describe how applications requiring varying levels of complexity and interactivity can be accommodated by making VR resources such as tracking and display devices available to multiple systems via local networking. Our experience with anesthesia simulation, virtual endoscopy, prostate and neurological surgery planning, as well as 3D histological analysis of tissues in the eye, prostate cancer and studies of single neurons demonstrates the broad scope and variety of applications of virtual reality technology in medicine and biology.
Expression of exogenous protein and analysis of morphogenesis in the developing chicken heart using an adenoviral vector.

Objectives Recombinant retroviral vectors have been shown to be useful tools for marking cells so as to follow their fates during development. The aim of this study was to determine the utility and advantages of an adenoviral vector as a tool to study the heart as it develops from a simple tube into a complex four-chambered organ. Methods Replication-defective adenovirus (107 pfu) expressing β -galactosidase ( β -gal) under the control of the RSV-LTR was applied to the external surface of embryonic stage 13–21 chick hearts in ovo. Embryos were incubated for up to an additional 96 h. Hearts were harvested at 12–24 h intervals and (1) whole-mount-stained for β -gal and sectioned, (2) examined by electron microscopy and (3) homogenized and β -gal activity measured with a luminescent assay. Results β -gal expression peaked at 48 h, when a significant percentage of the myocytes in the atrial and ventricular walls expressed the protein, and it comprised 0.5% of total heart protein. Significant levels were still expressed at 96 h. When applied to early-stage (13-6) embryos, expression occurred predominantly in cardiomyocytes. β -gal marking of cells enabled us to identify the following morphogenic patterns: (1) cells of the conus region compact into the bulbis cordis; (2) by applying the virus at later stages, e.g. 21–22, it was evident that the epicardium invests the heart, after stage 17, in a dorsal to ventral and caudal to rostral direction; (3) at lower titers (105 pfu), the virus serves as a clonal marker through several cell divisions, with an estimated cell doubling time of 24 h. Conclusions Application of an adenoviral vector to early-stage embryonic chick heart results in substantial expression of exogenous protein in a significant percentage of cardiomyocytes without grossly affecting heart development. Adenoviral vectors are useful for following the fate of cells as the heart develops from a simple tube into a complex four-chambered organ and hold promise for enabling the expression of exogenous proteins which might alter cell behavior.
The effect of parental presence, parents' education, and household headship on adolescents' schooling and work in Latin America

We investigate how the presence and education of parents affect adolescents’ school attendance, work participation, and school attainment in Brazil, Ecuador, Nicaragua and Panama. Across the four countries, approximately 20% of adolescents live in single-mother families and 4% in single-father families. Adolescents who live in single-mother families have significantly lower school attendance and attainment than adolescents who live with both parents. However, the effects of living in a single-mother family are small relative to the effects of parents’ education. Adolescents who live in single-mother families are not more likely to work than adolescents in two-parent families. Finally, targeting benefits to children in single-mother families would reach more children at risk of poor school outcomes than targeting children in female-headed households.
Grace and the Word: Austria's Two Cultures and Their Modern Fate

No one who has investigated the high culture of Vienna in the era of liberal ascendancy can fail to be impressed by the sturdy integration of its components. Not only were political, scientific, and aesthetic culture closely related to each other in principle and in practice, but the very social life and cultural forms of the elite sustained the synthesis achieved. Yet by the end of the nineteenth century, this complex was breaking apart, with aesthetic culture often going its separate way from the liberal-rationalist political and academic culture with which it had been linked. The character of this union and its breakup will provide my theme.