cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of proteins involved in programmed cell death in Hemerocallis petals

Discovery of characteristic proteins expressed by a given cell type and how these proteins change during development or pathology, has only been feasible very recently. Powerful separation techniques coupled with the sensitivity and selectivity of mass spectrometry, are used to identify these proteins. Computer-based, bioinformatics techniques are used to match unique peptides to the genome. We recently received a Major Research Instrumentation award from the National Science Foundation (USA) to obtain new state-of-the-art protein analysis equipment. Specifically, we have acquired a research grade hybrid quadrapole ESI-MS/MS mass spectrometer interfaced with a capillary liquid chromatograph (cap-LC). This system (Micromass V-QTM) is a sensitive (femtomole), high resolution, time of flight mass spectrometer (Tof) with electrospray ionization (ESI) sample introduction interface for the capLC. Tandem quadrapole mass spectrometric capabilities and high resolution permits the determination of amino acid sequence of peptides. Software associated with the spectrometer is used to unsort multiple charged versions of the same peptides and proteins, drive the LC separations, and handle other, expected complications in data analysis. As part of this proposal, we received funds to develop an education and outreach module for educators. The proposed module involves proteomics-based experiments conducted for the study of cell death in plants. The daylily flower (Hemerocallis spp.) provides an ideal model system for the study of non-stress related programmed cell death in plants. The entire genetic program/cascade occurs over a compact 24-h period and can be studied in a series of specific sequential steps. We are currently analyzing changes in the daylily petal proteome during the various stages of cell death begining at 12 h prior to flower opening and ending at the final stages of cell death 12 h after opening. A shotgun proteomics approach is currently being utilized. Data derived from this study will not only provide valuable insight in programmed cell death in plants, but also be used to teach proteomics and the study of biological processes to educators involved in biological instruction.
Diminished exercise capacity and chronotropic incompetence in pediatric patients with congenital complete heart block and chronic right ventricular pacing.

Background Chronic right ventricular (RV) pacing has been associated with decreased exercise capacity and left ventricular (LV) function in adults with congenital complete atrioventricular block (CCAVB), but not in children. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the exercise capacity and LV function in pediatric patients with CCAVB receiving chronic RV pacing. Methods We prospectively evaluated pediatric patients with isolated CCAVB receiving atrial synchronous RV pacing for at least 5 years. Supine bicycle ergometry was performed, and LV ejection fraction (EF) was evaluated by echocardiography. Results Ten CCAVB subjects and 31 controls were matched for age, gender, and body surface area. CCAVB subjects had normal resting EF (63.1% ± 4.0%) and had been paced for 7.9 ± 1.4 years. Exercise testing demonstrated reduced functional capacity in CCAVB patients compared to controls with a lower VO 2peak (26.0 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min vs 39.9 ± 7.0 mL/kg/min, P P = .007), and oxygen uptake efficiency slope (1210 ± 406 vs 1841 ± 452, P P P P Conclusion Clinically asymptomatic children with chronic RV pacing due to CCAVB have significant reductions in functional capacity accompanied by chronotropic incompetence and inability to augment EF with exercise.
Efficient In Silico Identification of a Common Insertion in the MAK Gene which Causes Retinitis Pigmentosa

Background Next generation sequencing (NGS) offers a rapid and comprehensive method of screening for mutations associated with retinitis pigmentosa and related disorders. However, certain sequence alterations such as large insertions or deletions may remain undetected using standard NGS pipelines. One such mutation is a recently-identified Alu insertion into the Male Germ Cell-Associated Kinase (MAK) gene, which is missed by standard NGS-based variant callers. Here, we developed an in silico method of searching NGS raw sequence reads to detect this mutation, without the need to recalculate sequence alignments or to screen every sample by PCR.
GENETIC CONTROL OF Adh EXPRESSION IN DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

ABSTRACT Natural variants displaying different levels of expression of the gene for alcohol dehydrogenase ( Adh ) were subjected to genetic mapping experiments. The strains studied carry one of the two common electrophoretic forms of the enzyme. The difference among Adh - fast strains appears to be due to multiple loci with trans -acting effects. Differences among Adh - slow strains are due to modifiers or quantitative sites located very close to the structural gene (less than 0.05 map unit) or part of it. The modifiers detected in the Adh s strains seem to operate only on the structural allele in the cis -position.—A modifier that affects the ratio of ADH levels in larvae and adults was also detected in the Adh s strains. This modifier is also closely linked to Adh and is cis -acting.
Three common presentations of ascariasis infection in an urban Emergency Department.

Abstract In the United States, approximately 4 million people per year are infected with Ascaris lumbricoides. We reviewed the common presentations of complications of Ascariasis infection in the Emergency Department (ED) and the diagnostic tools and treatment available. This was a retrospective case review conducted on all patients diagnosed with Ascariasis (using ICD-9 codes) over a 6-year period at Los Angeles County and University of Southern California Medical Center. Three patients with distinct complications secondary to Ascariasis were chosen, and all ED and inpatient records were reviewed. The patient’s age, sex, race, presenting symptoms, data, outcome, and ED course and diagnosis were recorded. The three cases included a periappendiceal abscess, Loeffler’s syndrome, and biliary colic/choledocholithiasis. The first patient underwent a computed tomography-guided drainage of the abscess. The second patient received supportive care and antibiotic therapy secondary to a superimposed bacterial pneumonia. The third patient underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with sphincterotomy. All three patients had a stool ova and parasites positive for A. lumbricoides, and all received a 3-day course of mebendazole. Symptomatic cases of Ascariasis may present to EDs in the United States. Important diagnostic tools for the ED include chest X-ray, X-ray of the kidney-ureter-bladder and ultrasonography. Single-dose medications given in the ED are very effective in eradicating A. lumbricoides infection, thus avoiding hospitalization.
Comparison of auditory steady-state response and auditory brainstem response thresholds in children.

Recently, auditory steady-state responses (ASSRs) have been proposed as an alternative to the auditory brainstem response (ABR) for threshold estimation. The goal of this study was to investigate the degree to which ASSR thresholds correlate with ABR thresholds for a group of sedated children with a range of hearing losses. Thirty-two children from the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics ranging in age from 2 months to 3 years and presenting with a range of ABR thresholds participated. Strong correlations were found between the 2000-Hz ASSR thresholds and click ABR thresholds (r = .96), the average of the 2000- and 4000-Hz ASSR thresholds and click ABR thresholds (r = .97), and the 500-Hz ASSR and 500-Hz toneburst ABR thresholds (r = .86). Additionally, it was possible to measure ASSR thresholds for several children with hearing loss that was great enough to result in no ABR at the limits of the equipment . The results of this study indicate that the ASSR may provide a reasonable alternative to the ABR for estimating audiometric thresholds in very young children.
Subacute effects of maize-expressed vaccine protein, Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB), on the Springtail, Folsomia candida , and the earthworm, Eisenia fetida.

The ecotoxicological effects of transgenic maize-expressed vaccine protein, Escherichia coli heatlabile enterotoxin subunit B (LTB), on two soil invertebrates were studied under laboratory settings. After being reared for 28 days on LTB-maize-treated soils, no apparent mortality of the springtail, Folsomia candida, or the earthworm, Eisenia fetida, was observed at levels well above conservatively projected estimated environmental concentrations. Therefore, it is concluded that there would be no acutely toxic effect of LTB to these species. As for the subacute effect, no significant differences of F. candida mean reproduction and E. fetida mean growth were observed between LTB-maize-treated samples and non-GM-maize-treated controls. In addition, no LTB was detected in the E. fetida wholebody extraction assay, which indicates there was no tendency for bioaccumulation. On the basis of these observations, it is predicted that any adverse effects of LTB-maize on F. candida and E. fetida would be minimal, if any.
Torsional Piezoresistive Effect in Polysilicon

This paper presents a microelectromechanical test device and calibration method for finding torsional piezoresistive coefficients for micro sensing applications. The test device consists of a slider-crank connected to two torsional legs. The slider-crank creates torsional stress in the legs which causes a change in the electrical resistance through the legs. A model that predicts the effects of a scissor hinge on the slider-crank is presented. Torsional stresses in the legs are calculated and the legs are discretized into long parallel resistors and the stresses applied to each resistor. Assuming a second-order piezoresistance, an optimization is then done to find the piezoresistive coefficients by changing them until the model prediction fits the test data. These coefficients can be used to predict angular displacement from resistance measurements in fully integrated torsional sensors.
MERLOT: a model for flow and heat transfer through porous media for high heat flux applications

Abstract Fusion power plant studies have found helium to be an attractive coolant based on its safety advantages and compatibility with structural materials at high temperature. However, gas coolants in general tend to provide modest heat transfer performance due to their inherently low heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient. Innovative techniques have been proposed previously using porous metal heat transfer media infiltrated by the coolant. The general design strategy is to minimize the coolant flow path length in contact with the porous medium, and to minimize the friction factor in that zone while simultaneously maximizing the heat transfer coefficient. In this work, we seek to develop a comprehensive thermo-fluid model including all key heat transfer processes to help in assessing and optimizing a helium-cooled porous media configuration for plasma facing component application.
The correction of errors committed with high confidence

Most theories predict that when people indicate that they are highly confident they are producing their strongest responses. Hence, if such a high confidence response is in error it should be overwritten only with great difficulty. In contrast to this prediction, we have found that people easily correct erroneous responses to general information questions endorsed as correct with high-confidence, so long as the correct answer is given as feedback. Three potential explanations for this unexpected hypercorrection effect are summarized. The explanation that is tested here, in two experiments, is that after a person commits a high-confidence error the correct answer feedback, being surprising or unexpected, is given more attention than is accorded to the feedback to low-confidence errors. This enhanced attentional capture leads to better memory. In both experiments, a tone detection task was presented concurrently with the corrective feedback to assess the attentional capture of feedback stimuli. In both, tone detection was selectively impaired during the feedback to high confidence errors. It was also negatively related to final performance, indicating that the attention not devoted to the tone detection was effectively engaged by the corrective feedback. These data support the attentional explanation of the high-confidence hypercorrection effect.
The Relationship Between Mathematics and Language: Academic Implications for Children With Specific Language Impairment and English Language Learners

Purpose The present study examined the relationship between mathematics and language to better understand the nature of the deficit and the academic implications associated with specific language i...
Интеграция ограниченной рациональности в экономическую науку

Harstad and Selten (this forum) raise interesting questions about the relative promise of optimization models and bounded-rationality models in making progress in economics. This article builds from their analysis by indicating the potential for using neoclassical (broadly defined) optimization models to integrate insights from psychology on the limits to rationality into economics. I lay out an approach to making (imperfect and incremental) improvements over previous economic theory by incorporating greater realism while attempting to maintain the breadth of application, the precision of predictions, and the insights of neoclassical theory. I then discuss how many human limits to full rationality are, in fact, well understood in terms of optimization.
The Ultrastructure of Synchronized Hela Cells

Synchronous populations of mitotic HeLa cells were obtained by the controlled agitation method, and a detailed morphological study of the cells in all phases of the cell cycle was undertaken to correlate variations in cell structures to known coexisting biochemical events. Autoradiographic techniques using tritiated thymidine ( 3 H-TdR) were used to detect S cells, and colcemid was added to some G 2 samples to prevent the cells from going into the next cycle, thus preventing contamination with G 1 cells. The approximate duration (in hours) of the 4 phases were as follows: M = 1.4, G 1 = 8-9, S = 7, G 2 = 4, and the generation time ( T ) = 21 ± 2 h. Randomization of the cell populations became apparent in the G 2 phase (contaminated with S and M cells) and was most likely a result of the genetic make-up of the individual (mixoploid) HeLa cells, nutritional factors (serum lots used), temperature shock, and handling effects. Polyribosomes shifted to monomeric ribosomes during late prophase, at which time nucleoli also break down. These changes are correlated with the drop in protein and RNA synthesis reported for mitotic mammalian cells. The Golgi apparatus persisted in a modified form throughout mitosis. The mid-body forms from the anaphase stem-body and may interfere with the separation of daughter cells. Our studies suggest that the mid-body goes to one of the daughter cells where remnants of this structure were seen in early G 1 cells. Large numbers of polyribosomes and the presence of well-developed nucleoli (many attached to the nuclear envelope) characterized G 1 . These structures, which play a major role in protein and RNA synthesis, persist with slight variations throughout interphase. Dense fibrillar nuclear bodies were prominent in late G 1 cells. Centrioles separate during G 1 , and replicate by orthogonal budding during the S phase. Reproducible labelling patterns which reflect the asynchronous multireplicon nature of DNA synthesis in mammalian cells were characteristic of the various stages of the S phase. Granular nuclear bodies, which were prominent in S and G 2 cells, may correspond to the larger species of heterogeneous nuclear RNA found in HeLa cells. G 2 cells were similar in appearance to S cells. As heterochromatin areas increased in late G 2 and prophase, perichromatin granules (of unknown significance) became prominent. Mitochondria behaved as independent cell organelles throughout the cell cycle. Hypertrophied RER, SER, and annulate lamellae, characterized the cytoplasm of colcemidtreated cells. The above changes are indicative of increased metabolic activity, and these structures may function in the production of colcemid-detoxify enzymes in a manner analogous to that of drug-treated hepatocytes, such as those treated with phenobarbital.
The Digital Divide: Left Behind on the Other Side

The receipt of information has always been important.Now with the increased ability to transfer information digitally access has become even more important. This article examines the divide between those who have access and those who do not: the status within the United States, the European Union and that of the United Nations (especially the World Summit on the Information Society) is discussed.
State Law and the Limited Power of Cities

This paper challenges several approaches in the literature to remedying the relative economic weakness of cities within urban areas featuring numerous local governments. It suggests that the approaches suggested by several schools of scholars - including the Regionalists and New Regionalists - rely on politically unrealistic assumptions regarding the operations of local political institutions. In light of the often coextensive economic and political weakness of cities, it is likely that innovative thinking will be necessary if inequalities in local service provision are to be mitigated. In addition to describing the factors that create leverage in interlocal negotiations, the paper also includes a simple, descriptive game theoretic model of county-city bargaining and applies it to the important case study of the revenue-sharing agreement between Charlottesville and Albemarle County, Virginia. The criticisms made of the political implausibility of the existing approaches in the literature highlight the importance of finding creative solutions to the municipal problem. One such solution may be the use of certain kinds of centralized redistribution of funds as a palliative for interlocal wealth disparities that can maintain greater political support than state laws that enhance city power. A state-administered system that requires contributions from jurisdictions in proportion to the extent that each jurisdiction’s tax base exceeds the state average may help a majority of jurisdictions by mitigating the “race to the bottom” of tax base competition and thereby maintain political support.
Parameter estimation for Euler equations with uncertain inputs

The paper presents a new state estimation algorithm for 2D incompressible Euler equations with periodic boundary conditions and uncertain but bounded inputs and initial conditions. The algorithm converges (in L2-sense) to a least squares estimator given incomplete and noisy observations. The results are illustrated by numerical examples.
Four sessions of spinal manipulation, simple exercises and education are not better than usual care for patients with acute low back pain

Commentary on : Fritz JM, Magel JS, McFadden M, et al. Early physical therapy vs usual care in patients with recent-onset low back pain: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2015;314:14.[OpenUrl][1] Although there is evidence from observational studies that early physiotherapy reduces costs associated with treatment in patients with acute low back pain (LBP), current guidelines do not endorse early physiotherapy for these patients. This randomised controlled trial is the first study aiming to investigate if early physiotherapy is better than usual care for this population. This trial recruited 220 adult patients with acute LBP no more than 16 days from the onset of symptoms, without symptoms distal to the knee and with an Oswestry Disability Index score of 20 or higher. Patients with serious spinal pathologies, nerve root compromise, pregnancy and previous lumbar surgery were excluded. A clinical prediction rule was used … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DJAMA%26rft.volume%253D314%26rft.spage%253D14%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx
Taste of Saccharin as Sufficient Reward for Performance

Sated albino rats, allowed to taste, as a reward, a novel, sweet, non-nutritive substance, made significantly more bat presses than control animals, thereby indicating the inherently rewarding properties of sensory function.
Present Tendencies in Projective Geometry

(1930). Present Tendencies in Projective Geometry. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 37, No. 5, pp. 212-216.
A computerized micro-ELISA assay for allergen-specific IgE antibodies

A computer-normalized micro-ELISA assay employing horseradish peroxidase and polystyrene microtiter plates (IP assay) for allergen-specific IgE antibodies is described. The specificity of the assay was confirmed by heat inactivation and multiple absorption experiments. Individual allergen blanks were used to account for the variability in the nonspecific binding among various allergens. The results obtained in milliunits of absorbance were normalized by a computer protocol using four reference sera. The coefficients of variation for the intraassay and interassay reproducibility ranged from 1.49 to 9.33% and 7.11 to 15.19%, respectively. Direct correlations between the results of the IP and the RAST assays (Absorbance vs. bound radioactivity) were excellent; the values for correlation coefficients for six pollens (June grass, Bermuda grass, Short ragweed, English plantain, Oak and Box elder), house dust mite, and two epidermal (cat and dog) allergens ranged from 0.88 to 0.99. Correlation between the two assays was lacking for the Alternaria and Penicillium mold allergens (r values: Alternaria 0.32, Penicillium 0.5). For sera from patients with a positive history and positive skin tests challenged with 11 allergens cited above, the IP assay detected low levels of specific IgE in many cases where the RAST assay was negative (from 10% for June grass to 48% for Alternaria and Penicillium mold antigens). The RAST positivity accompanied by the IP negativity, by contrast, was rarely seen. The superior sensitivity of the IP assay for specific IgE antibodies was achieved by lowering the background "noise" in the IP assay. This was attributed to the following factors: (1) use of individual allergen blanks; (2) 1:5 dilution of the serum sample that minimizes interference from high levels of total IgE antibodies and from allergen-specific IgG antibodies; (3) nonporous nature of the polystyrene immunosorbent surface; and (4) the use of a computer data reduction system to normalize the assay results.
Label-free voltammetric detection using individually addressable oligonucleotide microelectrode arrays.

The utility and performance of label-free, oligonucleotide probes for reagentless detection of dilute target analytes was examined using a voltammetric transduction principle in an array format. Multistep, solid-state fabrication yielded preproduction arrays of 16 individually addressable, 30 μm diameter microelectrodes in a 30 mm × 6.5 mm × 0.5 mm dipstick disposable device. The specificity of 16 nucleotide (nt) 2′-O-methylribonucleic acid and 22 nt DNA backbone probes bound through Mg2+−phosphonate bridges to polypyrrole films on the microelectrodes were studied using microbial target RNAs of various lengths. Probe-specific interactions with Escherichia coli O157 H7 23S rRNA (2907 nt) and Candida albicans 18S rRNA (1788 nt) were detected at 65 and 58 fmol/mL, respectively, in volumes as low as 0.5 mL. Specificity studies showed that, for a given probe, “nontarget” transcripts can contribute to changes in the voltammetric detection signal, though with responses that never exceed 70% of the detection sign...
Phosph(on/in)ate-Bridged Vanadium(IV) Dimers: Synthesis and Characterization

A series of dinuclear organophosphorus-bridged complexes of the general formula {(LVO(μ-O(2)PRR')}(2) [L = η(5)-cyclopentadienyltris(diethylphosphito-κ(1)P) cobaltate(III)] has been synthesized as a structural model for the industrially used vanadium phosphate oxidation catalysts. These dimeric species contain two vanadium centers in a VO(6) environment bridged by O-P-O units. These complexes have been characterized via spectral and magnetic analyses. Structural parameters have been analyzed through X-ray diffraction. The dimers generally exist in either a cis/cis-anti or retracted chair conformation in the solid state. The syntheses, structural, spectral, and magnetic data are presented and discussed here.
A ghost cat, a star and two intertexts: a historical analysis of A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women (1956)

ABSTRACTA Cat, Shozo, and Two Women (Neko to Shozo to futari no onna, Toyoda Shiro, 1956) is a little known but fascinating film that deserves more critical attention, especially from a historical standpoint. The film is based on the novel by renowned author Tanizaki Jun'ichiro and directed by Toyoda Shiro, who was acclaimed for turning famous literary works into cinema. The comedy of A Cat, Shozo, and Two Women did not resonate with a faithful adaptation of the famous novel but with two different intertexts. In this essay, I locate this film within the history of the ghost cat genre (kaibyo eiga, or bake-neko mono) and the context of changing representations of the female body in Japanese cinema. The main focus of my analysis is the star of this film, Yamada Isuzu. First, I examine how this film was connected to the ghost cat genre stylistically and thematically. Then, I discuss the relationship between the stardom of Yamada and ghost cat films. Lastly, I locate the film in the changing discourse on fema...
Physicians' attitudes toward pain and the use of opioid analgesics: results of a survey from the Texas Cancer Pain Initiative.

Background, Despite extensive progress in the scientific understanding of pain in humans, serious mismanagement and undermedication in treating acute and chronic pain is a continuing problem. This study was designed to examine the barriers to adequate pain management, especially as they might be associated with community size and medical discipline. Methods. A 59-item survey was used to measure physicians' attitudes, knowledge, and psychologic factors that contribute to pain management practices. Results. Overall, a significant number of physicians in this survey revealed opiophobia (prejudice against the use of opioid analgesics), displayed lack of knowledge about pain and its treatment, and had negative views about patients with chronic pain. There were significant differences among groups of physicians based on size of geographic practice area and medical discipline Conclusions. New educational strategies are needed to overcome these barriers and to improve pain treatment in routine medical practice. The effect of practice milien must be taken into consideration.
Kaliuretic regulatory factors in the rat.

To evaluate the role of aldosterone, plasma potassium, and sodium and urine excretion rates in controlling both total daily potassium excretion and the diurnal cyclic excretion of potassium, we performed experiments on unanesthetized, undisturbed rats kept in a 12-h light/12-h dark environment and fed a liquid diet. Independent variations were imposed on potassium intake, sodium intake, and, in groups of adrenalectomized rats, on aldosterone infusion rates. Potassium intake was 2.6, 10.6, and 18.7 meq/day. Sodium intake was 2.1, 6.7, and 17 meq/day. Aldosterone infusion was 0.1, 0.4, 1, and 10 times a basal rate of 1 microgram.day-1.100 g-1, with constant dexamethasone infusion at 1.43 micrograms.day-1.100 g-1. Twenty-four-hour excretion of potassium and sodium balanced 24-h intake of potassium and sodium regardless of the imposed combination of known regulatory factors. The amplitudes of potassium and sodium excretion during the diurnal cycle were each closely related to the ongoing levels of potassium and sodium intake. Plasma potassium was measured at the peak of the potassium cycle. It is suggested, based on analysis of the results, that when caloric balance was maintained, the amplitude of the diurnal potassium cycle was not importantly influenced by the rates of sodium and urine excretion, and, in addition to effects of aldosterone and plasma potassium concentration, the amplitude was importantly influenced by unspecified, homeostatically effective kaliuretic factors. Adrenalectomized rats receiving subbasal aldosterone replacement rejected the high potassium diet, were anuric, lost weight, and were severely hyperkalemic, observations indicating the necessity of adequate aldosterone for maintenance of potassium homeostasis.
Eruptive Prominences and Their Association with Coronal Mass Ejections

We discuss the origins and characteristics of solar eruptive phenomena focusing on coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their associated phenomena, particularly erupting prominences (EPs). Statistically, CMEs are most frequently associated with EPs and X-ray long-duration events. In a few large events the masses of the EP and CME have been separately measured, with the EP mass comprising a large fraction of the total CME mass. EP and CME near-surface precursors include the development of sigmoids, the darkening and broadening of filaments, and their slow rise and Doppler shifts, and the cancellation of magnetic flux near filament channels. Prominences exist within coronal cavities which themselves are embedded in helmet streamers extending to high heights. This entire structure can erupt bodily to become a CME; indeed the most massive and energetic CMEs appear to be of this type. CMEs carry into the heliosphere large quantities of coronal magnetic fields and plasma which are detected by remote sensing and measured in-situ at spacecraft. The most important in-situ CME signature is a magnetic cloud, considered to be the flux rope embedded in most if not all CMEs. Although most CMEs are frequently associated with EPs near the Sun, it is still not known why the prominence material is only rarely identified in-situ. In the last decade, however, we have had heliospheric imaging observations that are helping to distinguish prominence material from the rest of a CME.
Marketing Oriented Strategies for Physicians: The Coming Competition in Health Care Delivery

This paper examines dramatic changes that are taking place in the health care industry with respect to the coming competition between health care providers. Strategies are developed for physicians to better market health care and to survive within the changing environment.
Fitness and Recovery of Bacterial Communities and Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Urban Wastewaters Exposed to Classical Disinfection Treatments

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly appreciated to be important as micropollutants. Indirectly produced by human activities, they are released into the environment, as they are untargeted by conventional wastewater treatments. In order to understand the fate of ARGs and of other resistant forms (e.g., phenotypical adaptations) in urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), we monitored three WWTPs with different disinfection processes (chlorine, peracetic acid (PAA), and ultraviolet light (UV)). We monitored WWTPs influx and pre- and postdisinfection effluent over 24 h, followed by incubation experiments lasting for 96 h. We measured bacterial abundance, size distribution and aggregational behavior, the proportion of intact (active) cells, and the abundances of four ARGs and of the mobile element integron1. While all the predisinfection treatments of all WWTPs removed the majority of bacteria and of associated ARGs, of the disinfection processes only PAA efficiently removed bacterial cells....
Digital Computer Simulation of Arterial Blood Flow

The advent of high speed electronic computers has relaxed the necessity for restrictive assumptions demanded by classical mathematical methods, and numerical solution techniques now provide a means for investigation of complex mathematical systems. Thus, it is desirable to re-evaluate physiological models in terms not limited by traditional techniques; to search for new areas of application; and to show how these models may be used in clinical and research studies.
Abstract A12: The CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor abemaciclib inhibits transcriptional targets which facilitate growth in ER+ breast cancer cells

Abemaciclib (LY2835219) is an ATP-competitive inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6), which is currently undergoing clinical evaluation as a single-agent treatment and in combination with the anti-hormonal therapy (SERD) fulvestrant in estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer (BrCa). Breast cancer cell line (15 lines) sensitivity to treatment with abemaciclib was assessed using multiple approaches including EdU incorporation, phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein at serine 807/811 (pRb_s807/811) and RNA transcriptional profiling. We identified molecular features including ER-positivity (ER+), and luminal histology, as key to greater sensitivity while loss of Rb was associated with lower sensitivity. Changes in the Modaplex based RNA transcriptional array profiles of 29 cell cycle related target genes across a panel of 15 human breast cancer cell lines further characterized sensitivity to abemaciclib and highlighted potential targets of response. A sub-group of targets including MKi67, E2F1, MCM7, FOXM1, RRM2 and TOPIIα were significantly inhibited in highly sensitive cell lines previously characterized with EC50 Using taqman low density RNA array (TLDA) cards designed with known ERα driven transcriptional targets, we investigated the impact of abemaciclib single agent and in combination with fulvestrant on changes in RNA expression in four day treated breast cancer cells (ER+/HER2-). Single agent abemaciclib appeared to inhibit a subset of ERα driven targets including TFF1, GREB1, ESR1, E2F1, CDC45, FOXM1 and IGFBP4 (inhibition >%50). Interestingly, comparing single agent (% inhibition) abemaciclib to fulvestrant monotherapy in MCF-7 cells, we found that abemaciclib inhibited CDC45, E2F1, ESR1 and FOXM1 to a greater extent than that observed for these same targets following monotherapy with fulvestrant. Combining abemaciclib with fulvestrant identified an additional sub-group of ERα driven targets whereby the combination provided greater inhibition than that observed with any of the single agent treatments (IGFBP4, E2F1, FOXM1 and CDC45). Additionally, the combination treatment as compared to single-agent treatments also induced greater inhibition of various cell cycle regulatory genes including MCM7, CDKN2C, TOP2a, RRM2, and MKi67. Citation Format: Ann M. McNulty, Teresa Burke, Jack A. Dempsey, Christophe C. Marchal, Andrew E. Schade, Hadrian P. Szpurka, Michele S. Dowless, Jennifer Stephens, Jennifer Stephens, Denise Edmondson, Keith Stayrook, William C. Caldwell, Sean Buchanan, Farhana F. Merzoug, Richard P. Beckmann. The CDK4/CDK6 inhibitor abemaciclib inhibits transcriptional targets which facilitate growth in ER+ breast cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Precision Medicine Series: Cancer Cell Cycle - Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Response; Feb 28-Mar 2, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2016;14(11_Suppl):Abstract nr A12.
Anytown: A Literacy Game and Its Background

This chapter describes the background of our first learning game Anytown that emerged from the Quest Atlantis National Science Foundation project. We explain the development of the narrative at that time as it evolved from the early comics, book, as well as other projects that influenced the design of the literacy learning game. Further, the history of the designers and its impact on the outcome of the story and game content are also explored.
The Development of EDUCO as Government Policy

In this chapter, I detail the dynamics of the process by which the Education with Community Participation (EDUCO) program entered government policy. I also explain the ways in which transnational influence impacted this process. In so doing, I provide insights that correspond to the purpose of this study. As will be shown, the overall process can be subdivided into multiple stages which span 1988–1995. Various forms of World Bank influence are addressed in detail. The process of policy formation can be said to culminate with the inclusion of EDUCO in the Ten Year Plan, which was finalized in November 1995. Per the definition provided in Chap. 1 for international processes of education policy formation, I present findings in this chapter up to the point at which the Ten Year Plan was produced, since this is the point at which EDUCO entered the government’s official reform strategy.
A Review of Illuminating Pyrotechnics

This review article consists of efforts focused on the development of illuminating pyrotechnics. Examined will be the methods of generating red-, green-, yellow- and blue-light-emitting illuminating pyrotechnics. Ways to improve luminosity, spectral purity, and burn rate will be discussed. Recently developed formulations concerning the development of environmentally friendly illuminating pyrotechnics will also be presented.
Acute kidney injury: Antioxidants do not PRESERVE kidney function after contrast exposure.

New data from the PRESERVE trial suggest that administration of N-acetylcysteine and/or sodium bicarbonate does not reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing angiography. Given the limitations of this study, use of these antioxidants should be considered discretionary until further data becomes available.
Interactions of Enterotropic Mouse Hepatitis Viruses with Bgp2 Receptor Proteins

Enterotropic mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) infections are limited to the intestinal mucosa, rarely disseminate to other tissues and cause disease only in neonatal mice.The role of virus-host cell receptor interactions in the limited tissue tropism of enterotropic MHV infections is unclear. Previous studies have shown that enterotropic MHV-Y can infect BHK cells stably transfected with either the MHVR or the mmCGM2 receptor gene. In contrast, enterotropic MHV-RI infects BHK cells stably transfected with the MHVR but not the mmCGM2 receptor gene. Studies to determine whether MHV-Y and -RI can utilize the Bgp2 receptor isoform were performed. Both MHV-Y and -RI infected Vero cells transiently transfected with the Bgp2 receptor gene, though only MHV-Y infected CHO cells stably transfected with the Bgp2 receptor gene. Additionally, pretreatment with anti-MHVR monoclonal antibody (CC1) did not prevent MHV-Y and -RI infection of CMT93 cells. In contrast, pretreatment with CC1 prevented MHV-A59 infection of CMT93 cells. It is likely that MHV-Y and -RI use the Bgp2 receptor to infect CC1 pretreated CMT93 cells, since CMT93 cells are known to possess high levels of the Bgp2 receptor mRNAs, but it is also possible that they use an unidentified receptor.
Lung Repair, Remodeling, and Fibrosis

Various insults or injuries to the lung commonly result in fibrosis associated with an inflammatory response. The fibrotic process could progress, resulting in a fatal outcome. Pulmonary fibrosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases whose initiating factors are quite different, but the terminal stages are more stereotypical with the progressive accumulation of connective tissue replacing normal functional parenchyma. In patients who die after lung injury, airspace granulation tissue associated with the inflammatory response persists and progresses. In survivors there is an apparent resolution of this granulation tissue. The outcome of repair and remodeling after injury depends upon cellular interactions through mediators that influence both proliferation and cell death. A number of important findings in this field have emerged from experimental animal models, and some of these directly reflect what is seen in the clinical setting. This chapter highlights the current knowledge of the molecules and mechanism that have been identified as potentially important factors that regulate and determine the outcome of pulmonary fibrosis.
Reviewing Work Team Design Characteristics Across Industries: Combining Meta-Analysis and Comprehensive Synthesis:

This article presents a comprehensive synthesis and quantitative review of studies examining relationships between team design characteristics and team performance. Across 398 primary studies, the ...
The integrative effects of behavior and morphology on amphibian movement

Animal movement and dispersal are key factors in population dynamics and support complex ecosystem processes like cross-boundary subsidies. Juvenile dispersal is an important mechanism for many species and often involves navigation in unfamiliar habitats. For species that metamorphose, such as amphibians, this transition from aquatic to terrestrial environments involves the growth and use of new morphological traits (e.g., legs). These traits strongly impact the fundamental ability of an organism to move in novel landscapes, but innate behaviors can regulate choices that result in the realized movements expressed. By assessing the integrative role of morphology and behavior, we can improve our understanding of juvenile movement, particularly in understudied organisms like amphibians. We assessed the roles of morphological (snout-vent length and relative leg length) and performance (maximal jump distance) traits in shaping the free movement paths, measured through fluorescent powder tracking, in three anuran species, Pacific treefrog (Hyliola regilla), Western toad (Anaxyrus boreas), and Cascades frog (Rana cascadae). We standardized the measurement of these traits to compare the relative role of species' innate differences versus physical traits in shaping movement. Innate differences, captured by species identity, were the most significant factor influencing movement paths via total movement distance and path sinuosity. Relative leg length was an important contributor but significantly interacted with species identity. Maximal jump performance, which was significantly predicted by morphological traits, was not an important factor in movement behavior relative to species identity. The importance of species identity and associated behavioral differences in realized movement provide evidence for inherent species differences being central to the dispersal and movement of these species. This behavior may stem from niche partitioning of these sympatric species, yet it also calls into question assumptions generalizing anuran movement behavior. These species-level effects are important in framing differences as past research is applied in management planning.
Transdisciplinary System Science: Implications for Healthcare and Other Problems of Global Significance

The past decade has witnessed transformational changes on a variety of scientific, technological, and societal fronts. On the scientific front, advances in system science methods, semantic integration techniques, complexity theory, and visual analytics are making it possible to address complex systems problems such as healthcare, climatology, and clean energy. On the technological front, there have been groundbreaking advances such as multi-core processors, virtualization and cloud computing, and handheld platforms that have revolutionized the very nature of work. These advances are shaping the research and education agenda for the twenty-first century. On the societal front, technology has transformed how people communicate, share infor- mation, socialize, and learn. Facebook and Twitter have transformed our modes and patterns of commu- nication and expectations about the very nature of collaborative work. Crowdsourcing is becoming a pop- ular means for rapid and cost-effective information acquisition, expertise location, and distributed prob- lem solving. These advances have occurred none too soon in that the interconnectedness of todays world has made socio-technical problems increasingly more complex and unquestionably beyond the purview of every single discipline. Not surprisingly, this recog- nition has spurred the recent surge in interest in transdisciplinary system science research and edu- cation. At the heart of transdiscipinary system sci- ence are transdisciplinary thinking and collaboration, complex systems modeling and evaluation, and trans- disciplinary system science education. This change in mindset is expected to not only enrich existing disciplines but potentially lead to the creation of en- tirely new disciplines. Specifically, transdisciplinary system science holds the potential of reaching beyond disciplinary boundaries to resolve incompatibilities and close knowledge gaps between disciplines. The challenge today is to energize communities and in- stitutions of higher learning to address these chal- lenges with a transdisciplinary mindset. This paper discusses transdisciplinary system science from the perspective of transforming the way we formulate problems, model complex systems, generate hypothe- ses, design interventions, conduct evaluations, dis- seminate findings, and continue to learn.
Adenovirus vectors in hematopoietic stem cell genome editing.

Genome editing of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) represents a therapeutic option for a number of hematological genetic diseases, as HSCs have the potential for self-renewal and differentiation into all blood cell lineages. This review presents advances of genome editing in HSCs utilizing adenovirus vectors as delivery vehicles. We focus on capsid-modified, helper-dependent adenovirus vectors that are devoid of all viral genes and therefore exhibit an improved safety profile. We discuss HSC genome engineering for several inherited disorders and infectious diseases including hemoglobinopathies, Fanconi anemia, hemophilia, and HIV-1 infection by ex vivo and in vivo editing in transgenic mice, nonhuman primates, as well as in human CD34+ cells. Mechanisms of therapeutic gene transfer including episomal expression of designer nucleases and base editors, transposase-mediated random integration, and targeted homology-directed repair triggered integration into selected genomic safe harbor loci are also reviewed.
CS Principles Curriculum Framework Updates for 2020

In 2017 the Advanced Placement CS Principles course had the most successful launch of any AP course in history. In its first three years more than 220,000 students have sat for the exam and the course has successfully increased participation among women and other traditionally underrepresented groups in AP computer science. Like any breadth-first CS course the AP CSP curriculum requires regular updating and in this panel we will discuss changes coming for the 2020 academic year. We will share perspectives from the College Board and higher education faculty with the goal of providing audience members a better understanding of the nature of the course's first round of updates and the motivation behind them.
Re-thinking morbidity and mortality

Despite the breadth of patient safety initiatives, physicians talking about their mistakes to other physicians is a difficult thing to do. This difficulty may be exacerbated by a limited exposure to how to analyze and discuss mistakes and respond in a productive way. At the University of Virginia, we recognized the importance of understanding cognitive biases for residents in both their clinical and personal professional development. We re-designed our resident led morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference using a model that integrates dual-process theory and metacognition to promote informed reflection and analysis of cognitive diagnostic errors. We believe that structuring M&M in this way builds a culture that encourages reflection together to learn our most difficult diagnostic errors and to engage in where our thought processes went wrong. In slowly building this culture, we hope to inoculate residents with the habits of mind that can best protect them from harmful biases in their clinical reasoning while instilling a culture of self-reflection.