cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of colloidal CdSe quantum dots with metal chalcogenide ligands for optoelectronic applications

Exchanging the original organic ligands of colloidal CdSe quantum dots (QDs) with metal chalcogenide SnS 4 ligands resulted in absorption peak redshifts and complete photoluminescence quenching in QD solids. The ITO/QDs/Al structure with SnS 4 -capped QDs showed much higher electrical conductivity and reduced space-charge limited current. These results are indicative of carrier delocalization as well as enhanced inter-QD electronic coupling caused by the inorganic ligands. The SnS 4 -capped QDs were able to retain strong excitonic absorption. The photocurrent spectral response of the all-inorganic QD film resembled its absorption spectra, and was three orders of magnitude stronger than that of QDs with organic ligands. It was found that mild annealing at ∼ 200 o C transformed the SnS 4 -capped QD film into to a more conductive assembly, degrading its absorption and photocurrent generation. These findings suggest that colloidal QDs with metal chalcogenide ligands are better suited for solar energy conversion and photodetection than use in light-emitting devices as luminophores.
Theoretical analysis of magnetic Raman scattering in La 2 CuO 4 : Two-magnon intensity with the inclusion of ring exchange

We evaluate the Raman light-scattering intensity for the square lattice Heisenberg antiferromagnet with plaquette ring exchange ${J}_{\ensuremath{\square}}.$ With the exchange couplings as fixed before from an accurate fit to the spin-wave dispersion in ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}{\mathrm{CuO}}_{4},$ leading in particular to ${J}_{\ensuremath{\square}}=0.24J,$ we demonstrate in a parameter-free calculation that the inclusion of the plaquette exchange contribution to the dispersion and the magnon-magnon interaction vertex gives a peak position in ${B}_{1g}$ scattering geometry ${E}_{\mathrm{max}}=2.71J$ which is in excellent agreement with the experimental data. Yet, the intrinsic width and the line shape of the two-magnon remain beyond a description in terms of a spin-only Hamiltonian.
Transplanting whole livers from donors less than 6 kilograms—is it prudent?

Introduction Experience suggests transplanting whole liver allografts (WL) from donors weighing <6 kg portends a worse prognosis. Patient and allograft survivals of infants who underwent transplantation with livers from donors ≥6 kg, <6 kg, or technical variant allografts from deceased donors (TV) and those from living donors (LD) were compared. Methods The United Network of Organ Sharing database was queried for infant orthotopic liver transplantation (≤2 y). Of 5976 orthotopic liver transplantations, 860 patients received TV from deceased donors, 534 received LD split allografts, 509 patients had WL from donors weighing <6 kg, and 4073 remaining patients had WL from donors weighing ≥6 kg. Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank tests were employed. Results Patients who received WL from donors weighing <6 kg had survival mean of 13.9 y ± 177 d. Overall patient survivals were 76.7%, 71.4%, 68.4%, and 65.9% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 y. This is significantly worse compared with all other groups, both in patient and allograft survival (P ≤ 0.001). In patients whose donors ≥6 kg, overall patient survivals were 82.1%, 78.7%, 77.3%, and 75.4% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 y. Infants who received TV had patient survival of 87.8%, 84.7%, 82.7%, and 80.6% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 y. Infants who received LD allografts had patient survival of 92.4%, 90.7%, 89.6%, and 88.5% at 1, 3, 5, and 10 y. Conclusions Smaller weight of the donor influences the infant patient outcome. Patients with allografts from donors weighing <6 kg have a worse prognosis compared with those who received TV and LD allografts and those whose donors weigh ≥6 kg. Patients who receive LD allografts had the best survival.
The Property Right Paradigm

Economics textbooks invariably describe the important economic choices that all societies must make by the following three questions: What goods are to be produced? How are these goods to be produced? Who is to get what is produced? This way of stating social choice problems is misleading. Economic organizations necessarily do resolve these issues in one fashion or another, but even the most centralized societies do not and cannot specify the answer to these questions in advance and in detail. It is more useful and nearer to the truth to view a social system as relying on techniques, rules, or customs to resolve conflicts that arise in the use of scarce resources rather than imagining that societies specify the particular uses to which resources will be put.
Uterine motility in the cow during the estrous cycle. II. Comparative effects of prostaglandins F2α, E2, and cloprostenol☆

Intrauterine pressure (IUP) changes were recorded in nonlactating, cyclic dairy cows using transcervically placed intraluminal pressure microtransducers. Spontaneous activity was recorded for the first 30 min. Prostaglandins (PG) F(2alpha) (5 mug/kg), E(2) (5 mug/kg), or cloprostenol (0.1 mug/kg) were then injected intravenously (i.v.) at diestrus, proestrus, estrus, and metestrus, and their effects were recorded. The drug administrations did not alter the duration of the estrous cycle of the cows. Single doses of PGF(2alpha) and E(2) significantly increased uterine activity at all stages of the estrous cycle, while cloprostenol had no effect. PGF(2alpha) and PGE(2) increased IUP, frequency, and amplitude during all stages of the estrous cycle. The spontaneous pattern resumed within 20 min postinjection. Partial uterine refractoriness occurred with both PGs. The results indicate that low doses of natural prostaglandins stimulate uterine activity during the estrous cycle in cattle.
Is Magnetic Resonance Image Guidance the Key to Opening Chronic Total Occlusions

Through progressive plaque growth or fibrotic organization of occlusive thrombus, atherosclerosis may result in chronic total occlusion (CTO) of a major arterial conduit. If CTO develops slowly, collateral pathways may supply sufficient perfusion to retain tissue viability despite occlusion of the major inflow conduit. However, such collateral-mediated perfusion rarely matches that provided by an open main conduit, particularly during the peak demand of regional muscular activity. Although strategies to limit regional oxygen demand (eg, β-blockers for the treatment of angina pectoris) or to enhance collateral function (eg, a walking program for superficial femoral occlusion, experimental angiogenesis) may be of some benefit, these approaches generally offer less complete return of normal physiology and relief of ischemic symptoms than does direct revascularization of the occluded vessel. With surgical bypass, the nature of the occlusion (its length, duration, tortuosity, calcification) is less important than the presence of a suitable distal anastomotic target. On the other hand, with catheter-based techniques, success depends heavily on these lesion characteristics. In fact, crossing such occluded segments with a guidewire remains the dominant barrier to catheter-based treatments of occluded arterial segments. Once the guidewire has been passed successfully into the distal true lumen, the process of dilating and stenting the segment is usually straightforward and durable, at least with the use of drug-eluting stents in coronary CTOs.1,2 Article p 1101 Devices designed to cross CTOs should have 3 key features: an ability to distinguish a true luminal path from one created within (dissection) or through (perforation) the vessel wall of the occluded segment, an ability to change direction (steer) to correct deviations from the desired path through the occlusion, and an ability to penetrate the frequently fibrotic and focally calcific substance of the occlusion through the use of either mechanical stiffness or an alternative energy modality (laser, …
Particle response to shock waves in solids: dynamic witness plate/PIV method for detonations

Studies using transparent, polymeric witness plates consisting of polydimethlysiloxane (PDMS) have been conducted to measure the output of exploding bridge wire (EBW) detonators and exploding foil initiators (EFI). Polymeric witness plates are utilized to alleviate particle response issues that arise in gaseous flow fields containing shock waves and to allow measurements of shock-induced material velocities to be made using particle image velocimetry (PIV). Quantitative comparisons of velocity profiles across the shock waves in air and in PDMS demonstrate the improved response achieved by the dynamic witness plate method. Schlieren photographs complement the analysis through direct visualization of detonator-induced shock waves in the witness plates.
Harmonic mappings onto stars

Abstract A general version of the Rado–Kneser–Choquet theorem implies that a piecewise constant sense-preserving mapping of the unit circle onto the vertices of a convex polygon extends to a univalent harmonic mapping of the unit disk onto the polygonal domain. This paper discusses similarly generated harmonic mappings of the disk onto nonconvex polygonal regions in the shape of regular stars. Calculation of the Blaschke product dilatation allows a determination of the exact range of parameters that produce univalent mappings.
Chloroplast DNA heterogeneity in Monodus sp. (Eustigmatophyta)

Monodus satellite DNA, isolated by CsCl-Hoescht dye gradient centrifugation, was subjected to field inversion gel electrophoresis. Five differently sized DNA molecules were resolved. Molecules of 110 and 48 kb were identified as chloroplast DNA by hybridization analysis; a 40 kb molecular species is a degradation proluct, while the organellar origin of the 140 and 135 kb molecules remains unknown.
The Oxygen Sensor Protein, FixL, of Rhizobium meliloti: ROLE OF HISTIDINE RESIDUES IN HEME BINDING, PHOSPHORYLATION, AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

The two-component system sensor/response regulator pair, FixL/FixJ, controls the expression of Rhizobium meliloti nitrogen fixation (nif and fix) genes in response to changes in oxygen concentration. A truncated version of FixL, FixL∗, is an oxygen-binding hemoprotein kinase that phosphorylates and dephosphorylates the nif and fix gene transcriptional activator, FixJ. Phosphorylation of FixJ is required for optimal transcriptional activation, and anaerobic conditions in vitro result in a substantial increase in the level of FixJ-phosphate. In this study, site-directed mutagenesis was carried out at histidine residues in FixL∗. Mutant FixL∗ derivatives were purified and analyzed in vitro for their heme/oxygen binding properties and phosphorylation/dephosphorylation activities. Mutation of histidine 285, the putative autophosphorylation site, to glutamine results in the loss of FixL∗ phosphorylation activities. However, this mutant protein retains a substantial level of FixJ-phosphate dephosphorylation activity. Mutation of histidine 194 to asparagine results in the loss of heme binding and in the failure of FixL∗ to regulate its phosphorylation/dephosphorylation activities in response to changes in oxygen concentration. The FixL∗H194N mutant protein also exhibits an increased FixJ phosphorylation activity under aerobic conditions. This study provides further evidence for the importance of the heme binding domain of FixL∗ in regulating FixJ phosphorylation and dephosphorylation activities in response to oxygen.
Commentary: Discrepancy between mRNA and protein abundance: Insight from information retrieval process in computers

Discrepancy between the abundance of cognate protein and RNA molecules is frequently observed. A theoretical understanding of this discrepancy remains elusive, and it is frequently described as surprises and/or technical difficulties in the literature. Protein and RNA represent different steps of the multi-stepped cellular genetic information flow process, in which they are dynamically produced and degraded. This paper explores a comparison with a similar process in computers-multi-step information flow from storage level to the execution level. Functional similarities can be found in almost every facet of the retrieval process. Firstly, common architecture is shared, as the ribonome (RNA space) and the proteome (protein space) are functionally similar to the computer primary memory and the computer cache memory, respectively. Secondly, the retrieval process functions, in both systems, to support the operation of dynamic networks-biochemical regulatory networks in cells and, in computers, the virtual networks (of CPU instructions) that the CPU travels through while executing computer programs. Moreover, many regulatory techniques are implemented in computers at each step of the information retrieval process, with a goal of optimizing system performance. Cellular counterparts can be easily identified for these regulatory techniques. In other words, this comparative study attempted to utilize theoretical insight from computer system design principles as catalysis to sketch an integrative view of the gene expression process, that is, how it functions to ensure efficient operation of the overall cellular regulatory network. In context of this bird's-eye view, discrepancy between protein and RNA abundance became a logical observation one would expect. It was suggested that this discrepancy, when interpreted in the context of system operation, serves as a potential source of information to decipher regulatory logics underneath biochemical network operation.
Response-term integration

Lists of 9 trigrams, varying from common words to consonant syllables, were presented for free learning. In build-up procedures, some groups first learned single letters of the trigrams, then bigrams, and finally trigrams in which each bigram appeared. Other groups learned only bigrams before these became a part of the trigrams, and still other groups learned the trigrams only. The build-up procedures produced a small amount of facilitation in learning the difficult trigrams only, and this did not differ for groups starting with single letters and for those starting with bigrams. The facilitation in trigram learning was accompanied by a decrease in integrative errors.
Three-year Follow-up of Vaccine Response in Extremely Preterm Infants

Objective. To assess whether the adequate antibody response observed in former extremely premature infants after the primary series of immunizations is sustained after the first booster vaccines. Subjects and Methods. Sixteen former extremely premature ( 37 weeks) infants had sera obtained for antibody titer measurement at 3 to 4 years of age. All had received the primary series and first booster vaccines for diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, polio, andHaemophilus influenzae type b. Twelve preterm and 14 full-term children had completed the hepatitis B vaccine series. Results. At 3 to 4 years of age, former preterm and full-term children had similar geometric mean titer (GMT) values of antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. Preterm children had a lower GMT value of Haemophilus polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) antibody than did full-term children (0.99 vs 3.06 μg/mL). Fifty percent of preterm and 88% of full-term children had PRP antibody >1.0 μg/mL; 100% of preterm and 94% of full-term children had anti-PRP titers >0.15 μg/mL. GMT values of neutralizing antibodies to polio serotypes 1 and 2 were similar, with 94% to 100% of both groups above protective levels (≥1:8). The difference in GMT values of polio serotype 3 approached significance (29 vs 73); fewer preterm children had protective titer values (75% vs 100%). Among children vaccinated against hepatitis B, 75% of preterm and 71% of full-term children were protected (10 mIU/mL). Conclusions. Preterm children immunized at the recommended chronological ages displayed antibody responses similar to those for full-term children for most immunizing antigens. Responses to PRP and polio serotype 3 were less robust than those of full-term children.
Self-concept: an outcome of a program for spinal pain.

Abstract Changes in self-concept were studied in 50 patients with chronic spinal pain who underwent a 4 week inpatient program. Treatment included increasing quotas for activity and walking, patient education, reduction in pain medications, and reinforcement of non-pain behaviors. The instrument used to measure change was the counseling form of the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). The test was administered supon admission to the program, at discharge, and at 1, 3, and 6 months following discharge. TSCS scores were also compared with those of patients who failed to complete the program and of a quasi-control group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The spinal pain group improved significantly on 8 scales of the TSCS, while scores for the arthritis patients were constant over the 6 month period. The program had a positive effect on self-concept and thus should be considered for patients with chronic spinal pain.
Psychometric Properties of the Hope Scale: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis

Abstract Confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test several psychometric hypotheses regarding the Hope Scale. Across four large samples of college students, a two-factor (agency and pathways) model of hope reproduced the observed data consistently better than did a one-factor model. Support also was found for the tenability of a higher-order latent construct overarching these two factors. Neither the assumption of parallel nor tau-equivalent measures were met, however, suggesting that the items within a given factor are not interchangeable. Reliability estimates of (1) the items as indicators of the first-order construct, and (2) the first-order constructs as indicators of the higher-order latent variable also are presented. Support for the higher-order two-factor model of hope also was found for both men and women. Some support also emerged for invariance of first- and second-order loadings, though this was not a consistent finding. Implications for the quantitative application of the Hope Scale are discussed.
Activation and deactivation kinetics of Ca transport in inside-out erythrocyte membrane vesicles

Abstract The kinetics of active Ca2+ transport in inside-out vesicles of human erythrocyte membranes has been studied. Hemolysate or purified calmodulin increased the apparent affinity of the Ca2+ transport system for Ca2+ and increased the apparent maximum velocity of Ca2+ transport. However, as Ca2+ concentration was increased above 90 μM in the presence of hemolysate or calmodulin, the extent of activation of Ca2+ fluxes decreased. This deactivation was less prominent if the Mg2+ concentration was increased. These results may be explained by postulating that calmodulin has a site which binds either Mg2+ or Ca2+ and if Mg2+ occupies this site calmodulin activates Ca2+ fluxes, while if Ca2+ occupies this site, calmodulin is unable to activate the transport system.
An individualistic approach to the evaluation and remediation of stuttering

Abstract A decision model is presented to facilitate the evaluation of stuttering behavior. This model calls for the evaluation to be conducted along a continuum with specified initiation and termination points. Following the evaluation, the information is formulated into an organized remediation procedure leading to fluent productions in the individual. This approach allows evaluation and remediation to be individualized to meet the needs and capabilities of each stutterer while allowing the professional the flexibility to choose remediation materials on the basis of objective information. Two case studies are presented to illustrate the use of the approach.
Protein folding stability and dynamics imaged in a living cell

Biomolecular dynamics and stability are predominantly investigated in vitro and extrapolated to explain function in the living cell. We present fast relaxation imaging (FreI), which combines fluorescence microscopy and temperature jumps to probe biomolecular dynamics and stability inside a single living cell with high spatiotemporal resolution. We demonstrated the method by measuring the reversible fast folding kinetics as well as folding thermodynamics of a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) probe-labeled phosphoglycerate kinase construct in two human cell lines. Comparison with in vitro experiments at 23-49 degrees C showed that the cell environment influences protein stability and folding rate. FReI should also be applicable to the study of protein-protein interactions and heat-shock responses as well as to comparative studies of cell populations or whole organisms.
Ingestion of liquids compared with preoperative fasting in pediatric outpatients.

The preoperative fast is often an unpleasant preoperative experience that might be alleviated by allowing children to drink clear liquids. The authors compared gastric fluid volume and pH in two groups of children, one of whom was permitted clear liquids until 2 h before surgery (study group) and th
The relative autonomy of the state and the origins of British welfare policy

This paper assesses the relative influence of organizational vs. class power in affecting the timing and the shape of the British welfare reforms of 1908–1911. Rather than viewing these reforms as either the outcome of the direct pressure of business or as an internal response from a newly bureaucratized state to solve social problems, this analysis finds more evidence for a perspective that emphasizes the more indirect, more mediated class biases inherent in the British state as setting the context within which action on welfare reform occurred. Specifically, I argue that state managers used their newly developed organizational capacity to shape the Liberal reforms according to their own purposes but these purposes were limited by several class-based factors. The historical conclusions point to a synthesis of the relative autonomy approaches to the capitalist state advanced in the neo-Marxist work of Poulantzas, Offe, and Block.
Differential induction of isolated lymphoid follicles in the gut by 18β-glycyrrhetinic acid.

18β-glycyrrhetinic acid (GRA) is a pharmacologically active component of licorice root with documented immunomodulatory properties. We reported that GRA administered orally to mice induces B cell recruitment to isolated lymphoid follicles (ILF) in the small intestine and shortens the duration of rotavirus antigen shedding. ILF are dynamic lymphoid tissues in the gut acquired post-natally upon colonization with commensal bacteria and mature through B cell recruitment to the follicles, resulting in up-regulation of IgA synthesis in response to changes in the composition of microbiota. In this study, we investigated potential mechanisms by which GRA induces ILF maturation in the ileum and the colon using mice depleted of enteric bacteria and a select group of mice genetically deficient in pattern recognition receptors. The data show GRA was unable to induce ILF maturation in ileums of mice devoid of commensal bacteria, MyD88−/− or NOD2−/− mice, but differentially induced ILF in colons. Increased expression of chemokine and chemokine receptor genes that modulate B and T cell recruitment to the mucosa were in part dependent on NOD2, TLR, and signaling adaptor protein MyD88. Together the results suggest GRA induces ILF through cooperative signals provided by bacterial ligands under normal conditions to induce B cell recruitment to ILF to the gut, but that the relative contribution of these signals differ between ileum and colon.
Diffuse leptomeningeal gliomatosis associated with multifocal CNS infarcts.

Abstract Background Widespread dissemination of astrocytoma throughout the cerebrospinal fluid is unusual, especially as the initial presentation in a patient, and association with cerebral infarcts is rare. Case Description A 47-year-old man subacutely developed progressive headache and backache, vomiting, altered consciousness, and numbness in both arms. Brain computerized axial tomography showed calcification in the fourth ventricle and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated diffuse meningeal enhancement, a lesion in the canal of Magendie, and T2-weighted hyperintense lesions in several locations. Angiography showed vasospasm/vasculopathy involving multiple cerebral vessels. Biopsy of the fourth ventricular mass revealed a subependymoma with an overlying leptomeningeal anaplastic astrocytoma with numerous Rosenthal fibers. The patient was treated with three doses of intrathecal methotrexate via lumbar puncture but suddenly became unresponsive and died 6 days later, 8 weeks after initial symptoms. Autopsy demonstrated the subependymoma and a widespread leptomeningeal anaplastic astrocytoma, which showed no clear-cut origin from the subependymoma, but microscopically infiltrated the left medial temporal lobe. Multiple subacute and acute infarcts of the brain, brain stem, and upper spinal cord were seen only in areas with leptomeningeal tumor. Conclusion Glioma cells surrounding and focally permeating central nervous system vessels without lumenal occlusion can lead to vasospasm and widespread infarcts.
Maximizing speed performance of multi-level combinational circuits implemented with pass transistors

Speed optimization techniques are presented in this paper to reduce the propagation delay through multi-level combinational circuits. The circuits are built with a set of CMOS logic gates designed upon pass transistors and transmission gates. The speed optimization techniques include determining the order of connecting the input pins of the gates, determining the minimum number of inverters to reduce the propagation delay and determining the inverter insertion points within the circuit. Circuits designed with the new set of logic gates and optimized with the aforementioned techniques performed up to four times faster than the same circuits designed with two-input static NAND/NOR gates.
The future as a series of transitions: qualitative study of heart failure patients and their informal caregivers.

BACKGROUND Advance care planning often only focuses on written advance directives rather than on future goals important to patients and families. Heart failure has a particularly uncertain future with variable clinical trajectories. A better understanding of patient and family concerns about and perceptions of the future could improve advance care planning.
Business-Activity Driven Search: Addressing the Information Needs of Services Professionals

Services business generates significant amount of human and machine created data. Search and discovery of relevant information from this data is a critical factor in enhancing workforce efficiency and operational excellence in such a business. The challenge is how to leverage the interplay among information retrieval techniques, role of human experts, and business processes. This paper presents a case for using "business activity" (e.g. a sale) as a contextual basis to meet the challenge. We developed a tool based on this approach to address the needs of services professionals. The tool is designed to support role-specific concept based queries that return the most relevant business activities first and subsequently enable retrieval of the most relevant documents and information for the business activity. Any relevant knowledge privy to an expert can be obtained by first finding the most relevant sale, followed by corresponding participant information, and finally by communicating with the participant expert. Business activity as a critical context enhances the search quality while bringing in the social network and business process. This approach suggests a new methodology for search and information management that delivers better business results for the services business.
Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai Equations

In this paper, we give a priori estimation of derivatives of solution of Duncan-Mortensen-Zakai (DMZ) equation up to 2nd order. We also prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solution for DMZ equation, which is a fundamental equation in nonlinear filtering.
EROI of different fuels and the implications for society

Abstract All forms of economic production and exchange involve the use of energy directly and in the transformation of materials. Until recently, cheap and seemingly limitless fossil energy has allowed most of society to ignore the importance of contributions to the economic process from the biophysical world as well as the potential limits to growth. This paper centers on assessing the energy costs of modern day society and its relation to GDP. Our most important focus is the characteristics of our major energy sources including each fuel's energy return on investment (EROI). The EROI of our most important fuels is declining and most renewable and non-conventional energy alternatives have substantially lower EROI values than traditional conventional fossil fuels. At the societal level, declining EROI means that an increasing proportion of energy output and economic activity must be diverted to attaining the energy needed to run an economy, leaving less discretionary funds available for “non-essential” purchases which often drive growth. The declining EROI of traditional fossil fuel energy sources and the effect of that on the world economy are likely to result in a myriad of consequences, most of which will not be perceived as good.
Test methods for RF-based electronic safety equipment: Part 1 – From field tests to performance metrics

We describe the development of free-field test methods for wireless electronic safety equipment that replicate field-test conditions in a laboratory environment. The test methods can be used to verify the performance of wireless devices, such as those used by emergency responders, in the presence of known attenuation and under RF interference conditions. The test methods presented here were developed to support the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) in the revision of NFPA 1982: Standard on Personal Alert Safety Systems (PASS), but would be applicable to other types of RF-based equipment as well. In Part 1, we illustrate methods for extracting performance metrics from a series of field tests conducted by NIST researchers. In Part 2, we replicate the key field-test conditions in the laboratory and verify device performance under those conditions.
The Human Papillomavirus Type 16 E6 Oncoprotein Activates mTORC1 Signaling and Increases Protein Synthesis

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase acts as a cellular rheostat that integrates signals from a variety of cellular signal transduction pathways that sense growth factor and nutrient availability as well as intracellular energy status. It was previously reported that the human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E6 oncoprotein may activate the S6 protein kinase (S6K) through binding and E6AP-mediated degradation of the mTOR inhibitor tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) (Z. Lu, X. Hu, Y. Li, L. Zheng, Y. Zhou, H. Jiang, T. Ning, Z. Basang, C. Zhang, and Y. Ke, J. Biol. Chem. 279:35664-35670, 2004; L. Zheng, H. Ding, Z. Lu, Y. Li, Y. Pan, T. Ning, and Y. Ke, Genes Cells 13:285-294, 2008). Our results confirmed that HPV16 E6 expression causes an increase in mTORC1 activity through enhanced phosphorylation of mTOR and activation of downstream signaling pathways S6K and eukaryotic initiation factor binding protein 1 (4E-BP1). However, we did not detect a decrease in TSC2 levels in HPV16 E6-expressing cells. We discovered, however, that HPV16 E6 expression causes AKT activation through the upstream kinases PDK1 and mTORC2 under conditions of nutrient deprivation. We show that HPV16 E6 expression causes an increase in protein synthesis by enhancing translation initiation complex assembly at the 5' mRNA cap and an increase in cap-dependent translation. The increase in cap-dependent translation likely results from HPV16 E6-induced AKT/mTORC1 activation, as the assembly of the translation initiation complex and cap-dependent translation are rapamycin sensitive. Lastly, coexpression of the HPV16 E6 and E7 oncoproteins does not affect HPV16 E6-induced activation of mTORC1 and cap-dependent translation. HPV16 E6-mediated activation of mTORC1 signaling and cap-dependent translation may be a mechanism to promote viral replication under conditions of limited nutrient supply in differentiated, HPV oncoprotein-expressing proliferating cells.
Real-time modeling of distributed plug-in vehicles for V2G transactions

A real-time model of a fleet of plug-in vehicles performing vehicle-to-grid (V2G) power transactions is presented in this paper. Two sets of four vehicles are connected to both the grid and to each other though a short transmission line. The real-time modeling is carried out on a Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS). This setup allows for two different case studies with either two distributed sets of four individual vehicles or two smart parking lots with several vehicles. Output power levels and charge/discharge times are scheduled intelligently in order to maximize profits from grid transactions based on one-day ahead electricity pricing. The effects of grid faults on V2G operations are presented.
Subelliptic Spin C Dirac operators, II Basic estimates

We assume that the manifold with boundary, X, has a SpinC-structure with spinor bundle S /. Along the boundary, this structure agrees with the structure defined by an infinite order, integrable, almost complex structure and the metric is Kahler. In this case the SpinC-Dirac operator ð agrees with ¯ ∂ + ¯ ∂ ∗ along the boundary. The induced CR-structure on bX is integrable and either strictly pseudoconvex or strictly pseudoconcave. We assume that E → X is a complex vector bundle, which has an infinite order, integrable, complex structure along bX, compatible with that defined along bX. In this paper we use boundary layer methods to prove subelliptic estimates for the twisted SpinC-Dirac operator acting on sections on S / ⊗ E. We use boundary conditions that are modifications of the classical ¯ ∂-Neumann condition. These results are proved by using the extended Heisenberg calculus.
Distinct antiviral responses in pluripotent versus differentiated cells.

Justin M. Pare, Christopher S. Sullivan, The University of Texas at Austin, Molecular Biosciences, Austin, Texas, United States of America
An approximate density matrix energy functional

Several authors have shown that there exists an energy functional based on the one-matrix of an atomic or molecular ground state; this functional has been contrasted with energy functionals based on the two-matrix. Based on earlier work of Slater and Lowdin it is shown that the commutation rules satisfied by an approximate energy functional are just those satisfied by the exact functional. Thus there exists a known energy functional which is dependent on the one-matrix. For an idempotent density matrix this is the energy functional proposed originally by Slater.
Analyzing manipulator characteristics in the closed-loop pilot/vehicle system

The response characteristics of modern, highly augmented aircraft have reached the point where the vehicle and control system dynamics have begun to interact adversely with the actuation dynamics of the human pilot, i.e., the characteristics of the pilot's neuromuscular system and of the manipulator and feel system by which the pilot's will is imparted to the aircraft. To address this problem, a simple pilot-vehicle model that can be used to interpret pertinent flight test and simulation results and to serve as a tractable tool for assessing proposed changes in manipulator/feel system characteristics is developed. The model captures the qualitative changes in measured pilot-vehicle transfer functions which accompany changes in manipulator restraints and manipulator/feel system output. It was used to investigate the roll ratchet phenomenon and implicated the combined effects of vehicle dynamics, force output feel systems, and motion cues. These effects were seen to lead to decreased phase lags and increased magnitude peaking of a closed-loop mode arising from the neuromuscular system. >
Accurate iterative analytic solution of the Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij equations for the case of a matched beam

The well-known Kapchinskij-Vladimirskij (KV) equations are difficult to solve in general, but the problem is simplified for the matched-beam case with sufficient symmetry. They show that the interdependence of the two KV equations is eliminated, so that only one needs to be solved--a great simplification. They present an iterative method of solution which can potentially yield any desired level of accuracy. The lowest level, the well-known smooth approximation, yields simple, explicit results with good accuracy for weak or moderate focusing fields. The next level improves the accuracy for high fields; they previously showed how to maintain a simple explicit format for the results. That paper used expansion in a small parameter to obtain the second level. The present paper, using straightforward iteration, obtains equations of first, second, and third levels of accuracy. For a periodic lattice with beam matched to lattice, they use the lattice and beam parameters as input and solve for phase advances and envelope waveforms. They find excellent agreement with numerical solutions over a wide range of beam emittances and intensities.
Correlation Between Structure and Heterogeneous Electron Transfer Rates of Coordination Compounds

Marcus-Hush theory predicts that a large change in molecular structure accompanying an electrode reaction will result in a large inner-shell barrier and a slow rate of electron transfer. Described here is an attempt to establish relationships between molecular structural features and electron transfer rates for two systems of bioinorganic interest: metalloporphyrins and model complexes for molybdenum-containing enzymes. For these compounds structural change occurs when an electron is added to an orbital that interacts strongly with donor atoms in the coordination environment of the metal. For the porphyrins, this results in increases in the metal atom out-of-plane distance and axial ligand bond length. For the molybdenum complexes, it results in cleavage of metal-ligand bonds in conjunction with electron transfer.
The state of the art in cleft palate surgery.

Abstract Overview: This update focuses on current practices and controversies in surgical repair of the hard and soft palate posterior to the alveolus. Our current understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of presurgical active and passive manipulation of the hard palate shelves including the use of periosteoplasty is reviewed. The evolution of the multiple methods of repair of the hard and soft palate is given in a historical context along with a discussion of the concerns about timing of palate repair. EDITOR'S NOTE: This is the tenth in a series of state-of-the-art papers covering all aspects of craniofacial care. To be published throughout volumes 36 and 37 of the CPCJ, these papers will reflect on where we have been, where we are now, and the challenges we face in the new millennium.
Hepatitis C virus genomic RNA dimerization is mediated via a kissing complex intermediate

With over 200 million people infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) worldwide, there is a need for more effective and bettertolerated therapeutic strategies. The HCV genome is a positive-sense; single-stranded RNA encoding a large polyprotein cleaved at multiple sites to produce at least ten proteins, among them an error-prone RNA polymerase that confers a high mutation rate. Despite considerable overall sequence diversity, in the 39-untranslated region of the HCV genomic RNA there is a 98-nucleotide (nt) sequence named X RNA, the first 55 nt of which (X55 RNA) are 100% conserved among all HCV strains. The X55 region has been suggested to be responsible for in vitro dimerization of the genomic RNA in the presence of the viral core protein, although the mechanism by which this occurs is unknown. In this study, we analyzed the X55 region and characterized the mechanism by which it mediates HCV genomic RNA dimerization. Similar to a mechanism proposed previously for the human immunodeficiency 1 virus (HIV-1) genome, we show that dimerization of the HCV genome involves formation of a kissing complex intermediate, which is converted to a more stable extended duplex conformation in the presence of the core protein. Mutations in the dimer linkage sequence loop sequence that prevent RNA dimerization in vitro significantly reduced but did not completely ablate the ability of HCV RNA to replicate or produce infectious virus in transfected cells.
Tangible and mythical places in José M. Arguedas, Gabriel García Márquez, and Pablo Neruda

The geographic backdrop of the work of three noted South American writers is reviewed under the stylistic categories of tellurism, mythical realism and magical realism. The acute sense of place demonstrated by these authors is explained on the basis of ethnical roots, collective mental constructs and colonial experiences. Jose Maria Arguedas has offered a poignant socio-mythical interpretation of the rise and fall of Chimbote, Peru's major fishing port in his postumous novel El zorro de arriba y el zorro de abajo which is useful to grasp the problems of that country. The atmosphere of Caribbean Colombia has been recorded with great vigor in several novels of Gabriel Garcia Marquez. Tellurism acquires a particular significance in three poems of Neruda which are presented as examples of his poetic views of physical Chilean landscapes and the select use of vocables.
COMPLEX PATTERNS OF PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY: INTERACTIVE EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE DURING REARING AND OVIPOSITION

Temperature profoundly affects growth and life history traits in ectothermic animals through selection (i.e., genetic) and through direct effects on the phenotype (i.e., nongenetic/plasticity). We examined the effects of rearing temperature (24°, 30°, and 36°C) on adult body size and development time and the interactive effects of temperature experienced during rearing and oviposition on several life history traits (age-at-first-reproduction, fecundity, egg size, egg development, and egg hatching) in two populations of the seed beetle, Stator limbatus, collected at different elevations. The higher elevation population was larger and matured sooner than the low-elevation population when raised at the lower temperature, but the reverse was true at the higher temperature suggesting that these populations have adapted to local temperature. There were interactions between the effects of rearing temperature and oviposition temperature for age-at-first-reproduction, fecundity, egg development, egg hatching, and ...
Abundance of the Long-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia wislizeni) is Influenced by Shrub Diversity and Cover in Southeast Oregon

Abstract The abundance and distribution of animal species appears to be limited by availability of suitable habitat, and often a critical component to these suitable habitats is the presence of one or more particular plant species, and/or plant species diversity. Abundance of the Long-nosed Leopard Lizard (Gambelia wislizenii) is inversely related to percent cover by all shrubs combined, in addition to percent cover by sagebrush, throughout the Alvord Desert in southeast Oregon. In many locales throughout the Great Basin desert sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) is the dominant shrub, and its abundance is inversely related to shrub species diversity. However, in the Alvord basin, where there are abundant dry lake beds and salt-flats, G. wislizenii lizard abundance is relatively high, percent cover by shrubs varies and shrub species diversity can be high. In these areas Greasewood (Sarcobatus vermiculatus) is the dominant shrub, while sagebrush is non-abundant. Gambelia wislizenii population density patterns...
The Implications Of Leadership On Narco-Terrorism Policy Management

The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of leadership and managerial decision making within the Drug Enforcement Administration since September 11, 2001. A web based survey questionnaire was used to collect the data. Participants in the study were criminal justice professors from randomly selected colleges and universities located in the southeast and southwest region of the United States. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were used. Each participant was asked to complete a post survey that addressed areas of leadership and decision-making based on opinions and knowledge related to criminal justice. Paired samples t test was used to describe the data. In spite of the survey findings of change in knowledge, skills, and cultural behavior, these changes did not appear to lead to significant differences in determining leadership skills. It is recommended that future studies use a survey sample instrument designed to measure attitudinal dimensions of decision-making among leaders and managers within the Drug Enforcement Administration. One possible recommendation is to utilize a different type of comparison method or instrument that would measure certain dimensions of managerial levels between upper and lower management.
Volatile organic compounds and microorganisms.

(1976). Volatile Organic Compounds and Microorganisms. CRC Critical Reviews in Microbiology: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 333-382.
The New Minimum Distribution Regulations

The final required minimum distribution regulations have arrived at last. This article describes the major differences between the 1987 and 2001 proposed regulations and the final regulations, which are an improvement but still more complex than they have to be.
Instagram and Branding: A Case Study of "Dunkin' Donuts"

Instagram, a social media app, is becoming increasingly popular as a business and communication tool. Analyzing 12 posts on Dunkin’ Donuts’ Instagram account, this case study attempted to understand branding through framing theory. The study found that Dunkin’ Donuts used its brand name, logo, colors, and images of its products on Instagram to create a strong brand presence. But the company failed in creating an image of its brand as being people-oriented because it scarcely used text, photos, or videos to represent its fans or involve them.
Reacting to crises: the risk-averse nature of contemporary American public education

Over the past several decades, numerous arguments have been made advancing the notion that the failings of the public education system in the United States have placed the nation’s national security or economic prosperity at risk. This article will examine some of these “crises” and explore how arguments claiming that the shortcomings of the educational system have placed the country at risk have been manipulated and revised to suit the temporal circumstances of the time. The article will also examine how federal education policy has been crafted to address risk and will argue that the most recent policy initiatives have created a risk-averse climate in public education. In particular, the implementation of policy measures has been characterized by a campaign to mitigate risk and bring uniformity and predictability to public education. In doing so, policymakers have arguably undermined some of the qualities that have made public education in the United States unique and exceptional. Language: en
Types of the Aphididae in the University of Minnesota Collection, with Special Reference to the Species Described by O. W. Oestlund and H. F. Wilson

This paper provides a catalog of the 46 aphid species described by O. W. Oestlund in 1886 and 1887 and the 49 species of aphids described by H. F. Wilson between 1908 and 1919. The location of the types and the current status of the names are also indicated. The location of the lost types of three Davidson and two Forrest Miller species is also indicated.