cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dual sourcing in managing operational and disruption risks in contract manufacturing

We study a US OEM that outsources its production to two contract manufacturers, a local manufacturer (e.g. in the US or Mexico) and a foreign manufacturer (e.g. in China). The local manufacturer is relatively reliable, but low margin. The foreign manufacturer offers high margin, but is subject to disruption risks. Both manufacturers experience some level of operational uncertainties, and the operational risks can be positively or negatively correlated. Disruption risks are modelled as a Poisson jump process at a random magnitude, and operational risks are modelled as correlated stochastic diffusion processes. We develop a stochastic dynamic programming formulation to characterise the OEM’s optimal capital allocation decision to contract manufacturers, and provide the necessary and sufficient conditions for each optimal decision. The objective of our study is to investigate how dual sourcing balances the risks and opportunities, when the OEM bears disruption risks and correlated operational risks. We find ...
Displacement of bound 14 C-fluphenazine by biogenic amines and antipsychotic drugs in homogenates of brain tissue

CONSIDERABLE evidence suggests that antipsychotic drugs block dopamine receptors at postsynaptic sites in the central nervous system1,2. Receptor sites for neurotransmitter substances, such as acetylcholine3–5 and glycine6, have been studied by measurements of the direct binding of radiolabelled compounds that have high affinity for such sites and cause receptor blockade. In a similar study of biogenic amine receptor sites, I have measured the binding and displacement of the potent phenothiazine antipsychotic drug, fluphenazine, to preparations of brain tissue in vitro. I have found that fluphenazine binds to all regions of the rat brain, and that the potency of antipsychotic drugs in displacing fluphenazine correlates well with their clinical efficacy. Dopamine does displace fluphenazine from binding sites, but this is a nonspecific effect shared by other biogenic amines.
The effect of treatment completion and length of stay on employment and crime in outpatient drug-free treatment

Length of stay in treatment has been found to be a significant predictor of positive post-treatment outcomes, such as decreases in unemployment and crime. However, length of stay may be an incomplete predictor of successful treatment. Surprisingly, few studies have examined whether completing treatment in addition to length of stay is an important factor in explaining positive treatment outcomes. The objective of our study is to examine the effect that treatment completion and length of stay have on post-treatment employment and crime for patients in outpatient drug-free treatment, the largest treatment modality in the United States. We use conditional logit and multiple regression models with program-level indicator variables (fixed effects) to estimate the effect of treatment completion and length of stay on employment and crime controlling for drug use severity, previous treatment history, and other patient demographics. Data are from the National Treatment Improvement Evaluation Study and include 986 adults enrolled in outpatient drug-free programs across the United States. We find that treatment completion and length of stay are significantly related to post-treatment employment. Holding length of stay constant, the occurrence of employment at follow-up among patients who complete their planned treatment is almost 2 times that of patients who do not complete treatment. However, treatment completion did not have a statistically significant effect on the probability of post-treatment crime. Although our results are mixed, these findings suggest that greater attention should be placed on evaluating the importance of both length of stay and treatment completion in treatment outcome studies.
A relaxed AC optimal power flow model based on a Taylor series

The DC optimal power flow (OPF) results are potentially inaccurate since the traditional DC model only focuses on active power balance. In order to improve the model accuracy, this paper presents a relaxed ACOPF model based on a Taylor series. The proposed model considers reactive power and offnominal bus voltages as variables. Network losses are modeled through piecewise linearization and binary variables are added to prevent fictitious losses. Relaxations of the binary variables are discussed and conditions when the relaxations are exact are proved. Simulation results show that the proposed model is a better approximation for the full AC model and is computationally more efficient verses the full AC model.
Incorporating Active Runway Crossings in Airport Departure Scheduling

A mixed integer linear program is presented for deterministically scheduling departure and ar rival aircraft at airport runways. This method addresses different schemes of managing the departure queuing area by treating it as first-in-first-out queues or as a simple par king area where any available aircraft can take-off ir respective of its relative sequence with others. In addition, this method explicitly considers separation criteria between successive aircraft and also incorporates an optional prioritization scheme using time windows. Multiple objectives pertaining to throughput and system delay are used independently. Results indicate improvement over a basic first-come-first-serve rule in both system delay and throughput. Minimizing system delay results in small deviations from optimal throughput, whereas minimizing throughput results in large deviations in system delay. Enhancements for computational efficiency are also presented in the form of reformulating certain constraints and defining additional inequalities for better bounds.
A Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative in Hard and Soft information fusion: Overview, research strategies and initial results

The University at Buffalo (UB) Center for Multisource Information Fusion (CMIF) along with a team including the Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Iona College (Iona), and Tennessee State University (TSU) is conducting research to develop a generalized framework, mathematical techniques, and test and evaluation methods to address the ingestion and harmonized fusion of Hard and Soft information in a distributed Level 1 and Level 2 data fusion environment. The primary Research Thrusts addressed are framed around the major functional components of the JDL Fusion Process; these include: 1. Source Characterization of Soft Data input streams including; human observation-direct, indirect, open source inputs, linguistic framing, and text processing. 2. Common Referencing and Alignment of Hard and Soft Data, especially strategies and methods for meta-data generation for Hard-Soft data normalization. 3. Generalized Data Association Strategies and Algorithms for Hard and Soft Data. Robust Estimation Methods that exploit associated Hard and Soft Data. 5. Dynamic Network-based Effects on Hard-Soft Data Fusion Architectures and Methods. 6. Test and Evaluation Methodology Development to include Human-in-the-Loop. 7. Extensibility, Adaptability, and Robustness Assessment. 8. Fusion Process Framework. 9. Technology Concept of Employment. This program is a large, 5-year effort and considered distinctive in being a major academic thrust into the complexities of the hard and soft fusion problem. This paper summarizes the research strategy, the early technology decisions made, and the very early results of both design approaches and prototyping.
Investigation of five types of switchable retroreflector films for enhanced visible and infrared conspicuity applications

We report on the physics, design, characterization, and demonstration of five viable techniques for switchable retroreflectors, including integrated electrowetting scattering, integrated and external electrowetting light valves, external liquid crystal light valve, and external liquid crystal scattering. All techniques were evaluated for use in conspicuity applications spanning wavelengths in the visible and IR (night vision). Achieved performance includes high optical efficiencies up to nearly 30% (out of a maximum 35%), visibly fast switching speeds of <100 ms, low to moderate operating voltages ranging from 5 to 60 V, more than ±45 deg of operation angle, and implementation with pressure-sensitive, adhesive-backed films of 0.7 to 1 mm thickness for flexibility and impact resistance. Each approach has unique strengths and weaknesses, which will also be discussed for applications ranging from commercial to military conspicuity.
Pitstop 2 Is a Potent Inhibitor of Clathrin-Independent Endocytosis

Clathrin independent endocytosis (CIE) is a form of endocytosis present in all cells that mediates the entry of nutrients, macromolecules and membrane proteins into cells. When compared to clathrin-dependent endocytosis (CDE), however, much less is known about the machinery involved in forming CIE endosomes. One way to distinguish CIE from CDE has been to deplete cells of coat proteins involved in CDE such as clathrin or the dynamin GTPase, leading to a block of CDE but not CIE. A drawback of such genetic manipulations is that depletion of proteins important for mediating CDE over a period of days can have complex indirect effects on cellular function. The identification of chemical compounds that specifically and rapidly block CDE or CIE would facilitate the determination of whether a process involved CDE or CIE. To date, all of those compounds have targeted CDE. Dynasore and the dynoles specifically target and block dynamin activity thus inhibiting CDE but not most forms of CIE. Recently, a new compound called pitstop 2 was identified as an inhibitor of the interaction of amphiphysin with the amino terminal domain of clathrin, and shown to inhibit CDE in cells. Here we show that pitstop 2 is also a potent inhibitor of CIE. The effects of pitstop 2 are not restricted to inhibition of clathrin since knockdown of clathrin fails to rescue the inhibition of endocytosis of CIE proteins by the drug. Thus pitstop 2 has additional cellular targets besides the amino terminal domain of clathrin and thus cannot be used to distinguish CIE from CDE.
Short-range order and fermi surface effects in copper-rich copper-aluminum alloys

Abstract The diffuse scattering of X-rays has been measured in single crystals of Cu-Al alloys containing 6, 11 and 16 at. % Al. A pronounced diffuse satellite intensity with a four-fold symmetrical pattern about the normal f.c.c. superlattice positions was observed with the 11 and 16 at. % Al crystals. From the composition dependence of the satellite peak positions determined by other workers and by us, we show that these peaks have their origin in singularities, analogous to Kohn anomalies, which have previously been demonstrated in copper-gold alloys. This composition dependence provides a sensitive measure of the variation of the value of the Fermi wave vector in the 〈110〉 direction. The results agree with a simple scaling of the Fermi surface of copper. This interpretation is supported by measurements of positron annihilation in Cu-Al alloys reported by other investigators. The absence of anomalies and the near-randomness of the atomic arrangements at 6 at. % Al imply the existence of an order-disorder phase boundary, which is indicated by other data.
Sperm competition in the damselfly Enallagma hageni Walsh (Odonata: Coenagrionidae): benefits of multiple mating to males and females

Sperm competition was investigated in the non-territorial damselfly, Enallagma hageni. Using irradiated (sterile) male techniques, the last male to mate was found to fertilize up to 95% $${\text{(}}\bar x = {\text{80\% )}}$$ of the eggs of the first clutch laid after mating. Dissection of females collected before, during, and after copula showed that a male removes a maximum of 87% of the sperm by volume of a previous mate. These data verify an earlier estimate of lifetime reproductive success in this species which was based on mating success, and suggest that indirect dissection methods offer minimum estimates of sperm precedence. Male E. hageni have ample opportunity to benefit from sperm precedence, since at least 10% of the receptive females encountered had already mated once that day, but still contained complete or partial clutches of eggs. Female E. hageni benefit directly from high sperm precedence because it allows them to “exchange” matings for guarding service by males during oviposition bouts under water.
Characterization of hydrogen responsive nanoporous palladium films synthesized via a spontaneous galvanic displacement reaction

A model is presented regarding the mechanistic properties associated with the interaction of hydrogen with nanoporous palladium (np-Pd) films prepared using a spontaneous galvanic displacement reaction (SGDR), which involves PdCl2 reduction by atomic Ag. Characterization of these films shows both chemical and morphological factors, which influence the performance characteristics of np-Pd microcantilever (MC) nanomechanical sensing devices. Raman spectroscopy, uniquely complemented with MC response profiles, is used to explore the chemical influence of palladium oxide (PdO). These combined techniques support a reaction mechanism that provides for rapid response to H2 and recovery in the presence of O2. Post-SGDR processing via reduction of PdCl2(s) in a H2 environment results in a segregated nanoparticle three-dimensional matrix dispersed in a silver layer. The porous nature of the reduced material is shown by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. Extended grain boundaries, typical of these materials, result in a greater surface area conducive to fast sorption/desorption of hydrogen, encouraged by the presence of PdO. X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy are employed to study changes in morphology and chemistry occurring in these nanoporous films under different processing conditions. The unique nature of chemical/morphological effects, as demonstrated by the above characterization methods, provides evidence in support of observed nanomechanical response/recovery profiles offering insight for catalysis, H2 storage and improved sensing applications.
Selenium nutriture in total parenteral nutrition: intake levels

More attention is being given to the essential trace elements in human nutrition, although there is much to be learned concerning requirements, function, and interactions. The extensive use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) provides an opportunity for further study. To date, little attention has been paid to selenium (Se), an element for which both a deficiency and toxic state can exist. In a program to evaluate the effects of long-term TPN on Se nutriture, a avriety of solutions used in TPN have been analyzed. Se was not present in detectable levels in the following solutions: sodium acetate, Freamine II, NaCl, potassium phosphate, KCl, Folvite, Liquaemin Na, CaCl2, MgSO4, and NaHCO3. The solutions containing significant amounts of Se were: 50% dextrose 0.27 +/- 0.04 microgram/ml and 20% dextrose 0.27 +/- 0.08 microgram/ml (Travenol Laboratories); 50% dextrose 0.47 +/- 0.10 microgram/ml and 20% dextrose 0.35 +/- 0.07 microgram/ml (Abbott Laboratories); and 70% dextrose 0.33 +/- 0.08 microgram/ml (McGaw Laboratories). These data suggest that 200 to 400 microgram Se would be provided in the usual amounts of solution administered to an adult patient.
Early conversations about causality: Content, pragmatics and developmental change

Developments in children's participation in causal discourse with their mothers and older siblings were studied in the naturally occurring conversations of 50 second-born children observed at home at 33 and 40 months. There were marked increases in discourse about causality, and changes in content and in the social context in which children discussed cause, with an increase in causal talk about inner states and social practices. At 33 months children talked about cause chiefly in attempts to get their own needs met, at 40 months chiefly in reflective discussion. Patterns over time in the discourse measures, and correlations between these measures at 33 months and the children's success on an assessment of understanding of the causes of emotions at 40 months highlighted the continuity in child differences, and the importance of particular pragmatic contexts, including disputes, within which discourse about causality takes place.
The lipopeptide antibiotic A54145 biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces fradiae

Ca2+-dependent cyclic lipodepsipeptides are an emerging class of antibiotics for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive pathogens. These compounds are synthesized by nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) complexes encoded by large gene clusters. The gene cluster encoding biosynthetic pathway enzymes for the Streptomyces fradiae A54145 NRP was cloned from a cosmid library and characterized. Four NRPS-encoding genes, responsible for subunits of the synthetase, as well as genes for accessory functions such as acylation, methylation and hydroxylation, were identified by sequence analysis in a 127 kb region of DNA that appears to be located subterminally in the bacterial chromosome. Deduced epimerase domain-encoding sequences within the NRPS genes indicated a d-stereochemistry for Glu, Lys and Asn residues, as observed for positionally analogous residues in two related compounds, daptomycin, and the calcium-dependent antibiotic (CDA) produced by Streptomyces roseosporus and Streptomyces coelicolor, respectively. A comparison of the structure and the biosynthetic gene cluster of A54145 with those of the related peptides showed many similarities. This information may contribute to the design of experiments to address both fundamental and applied questions in lipopeptide biosynthesis, engineering and drug development.
Ultra-Wide-Band Propagation Channels

Understanding ultra-wide-band (UWB) propagation channels is a prerequisite for UWB system design as well as communication-theoretic and information-theoretic investigations. This paper surveys the fundamental properties of UWB channels, pointing out the differences to conventional channels. If the relative bandwidth is large, the propagation processes, and therefore path loss and shadowing, become frequency-dependent, and the well-known wide-sense stationary uncorrelated scattering model is not applicable anymore. If the absolute bandwidth is large, the shape of the impulse responses as well as the fading statistics change. This paper also describes methods for measuring UWB channels and extracing channel parameters. Throughout this paper, the relationship between channel properties and other areas of UWB research are pointed out.
Expression and gonadotropin regulation of membrane progestin receptor alpha in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) gonads: role in gamete maturation.

Recent results suggest that membrane progestin receptor alpha (mPRα) mediates nongenomic actions of progestin hormones to induce oocyte maturation and sperm hypermotility in several teleost species. The role of mPRα in gamete and gonadal physiology was further evaluated in the present study by examining gonadal expression of mPRα during gamete maturation in Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), a well-characterized teleost model of oocyte maturation and sperm motility. Sequencing of the croaker mPRα gene isolated from croaker ovaries showed it is 98% homologous at the nucleotide level to spotted seatrout mPRα. The mPRα mRNA and protein were detected in both somatic and gonadal tissues. In croaker ovaries, the mPRα protein was present throughout the gonadal cycle and was upregulated by gonadotropin in vitro, coincident with the acquisition of oocyte maturational competence (i.e., ability to respond to progestin hormones and complete oocyte maturation). Both mPRα mRNA and protein were also expressed in croaker testes throughout the gonadal cycle. Expression of mPRα protein was weakly upregulated in testes after 18 h of in vitro gonadotropin treatment. Immunocytochemical staining showed mPRα was localized to both germ and interstitial cells. Finally, elevated levels of mPRα protein in croaker sperm were associated with high sperm motility. Taken together, these data strongly support the hypothesis that mPRα mediates progestin induction of oocyte maturation and upregulation of sperm motility in teleosts.
Monozygotic twins discordant for homosexuality: Report of a pair and significance of the phenomenon *

Summary This is a report on a pair of monozygotic twins who showed differences in gender role behavior from early childhood, one following an essentially feminine-type pattern and the other a masculine one, one later becoming homosexual and the other heterosexual. This type of development is present in other monozygotic twins discordant for homosexuality reported in the literature, where the pattern of the homosexual child resembles the syndrome of effeminate behavior described for single-born children. In this syndrome, familial environmental factors have been found not to be significant in the development of the homosexuality, and therefore, the discordance in the psychosexual development of monozygotic twins cannot be ascribed to the differential effect of these factors on them. Other possible explanations have been considered.
Women’s Understanding of the Term ‘Pap Smear’

To assess the understanding of the term 'Pap smear' among women across the entire adult lifespan after recent changes to the guidelines on cervical cancer screening. Women attending the Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic at a large safety net teaching hospital in a Midwestern city were provided one of two versions of a confidential and anonymous survey to complete. The difference between the two versions was the way the primary research question was worded. There were 174 participants ranging in age from 15 to 69 (mean = 33.9) years. Of the 73 women who completed version A of the survey, 74 % were able to identify at least one correct descriptor for the term 'Pap smear.' Women who could identify at least one correct descriptor for the term 'Pap smear' were on average older than those who could not (mean = 36.9 vs. 28.7 years; p = 0.012). Of the 94 patients completing survey version B, 67 % could not differentiate a pelvic exam from a Pap smear. There was no association between age and ability to differentiate a pelvic exam from a Pap smear. The majority of women cannot distinguish a Pap smear from a pelvic exam. The unexpected finding of less understanding among younger women prompts a need for further research and invites discussion of whether more cervical cancer prevention education, with more emphasis on HPV vaccines in recent years, has neglected the importance of Pap smears-which is beginning to show up in knowledge of younger women. Both these findings suggest a need for increased patient education during female preventive health clinic visits.
Subdomains of gender-related occupational interests: Do they form a cohesive bipolar M-F dimension?

In four studies, with a total of 1780 male and 2969 female participants, subdomains of masculine and feminine occupations were identified from sets of occupational preference items. Identified masculine subdomains included "blue-collar realistic" (e.g., carpenter), "educated realistic" (electrical engineer), and "flashy, risk-taking" (jet pilot). Feminine subdomains included "fashion-related" (fashion model), "artistic" (author), "helping" (social worker), and "children-related" (manager of childcare center). In all studies, principal components analyses of subdomain preference scales showed that masculine subdomains were bipolar opposites of feminine subdomains. This bipolar structure emerged in analyses conducted on combined-sex groups, high-school boys, high-school girls, men, women, heterosexual men, gay men, heterosexual women, and lesbian women. The results suggest that, although there are distinct masculine and feminine occupational subdomains, gender-related occupational preferences, nonetheless, form a replicable, cohesive, bipolar individual difference dimension, which is not an artifact of studying mixed-sex or mixed-sexual-orientation groups.
The increasing role of public relations as a crisis management function: an empirical examination of communication restrategising efforts among destination organisation managers in the wake of 11th September, 2001.

The 11th September terrorist attacks on the USA have greatly impacted on the tourism industry, causing managers to restrategise their communication programmes. This national investigation illustrates the increasing role of public relations as a crisis management function. The study sought to determine if public relations activities are increasing and advertising activities are decreasing among tourism managers in the wake of 9/11. Examined within a crisis communication framework, the situational theory developed by Grunig served as the theoretical underpinning for the study. In particular, the study examines how messages are being restructured, primary publics are being refocused and communication tactics (channels) are being retooled among convention and visitors’ bureau (CVB) managers (destination organisation managers). Employing a web-based survey to randomly selected CVB communication managers throughout the USA, findings indicate that since the attacks use of public relations tactics for promotional...
Post deposition excimer laser processing of MoSx thin films

We have examined the effect of excimer laser surface processing and doping with Au on the mechanical, tribological, and bonding properties of MoS{sub {ital x}} thin films. We find that the effects of processing are manifested primarily in the surface of the films, but that there is also some film-substrate interaction during high fluence processing. The changes are sufficient to dramatically alter the wear life of the films. At low loads, laser processing alone reduces the run-in period and increases wear life. At higher loads, processing reduces wear life, although the run-in period is still short. These results are understood in terms of changes in the hardness of the surface of the films. Laser processing renders deposited films insensitive to high humidity storage. After laser processing, Raman spectroscopy shows changes in bonding to that characteristic of single crystal MoS{sub 2}. Laser doping with Au results in wear life comparable to or greater than that of unprocessed films even at the highest loads used. Thus, laser doped MoS{sub {ital x}} films show lower initial friction, comparable wear life, and may exhibit greater environmental stability than as-deposited films.
Hydrocortisone increases the number of receptors for thyrotropin-releasing hormone on pituitary cells in culture.

Abstract Hydrocortisone (cortisol) increased the binding of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) to specific membrane receptors in 4 clonal strains of rat pituitary cells. At the highest effective cortisol concentration (3–5 × 10 −6 M), the increase was observed within 6–8 hr and became maximal (140 to 160% of control binding) by 18–24 hr. Half-maximum stimulation occurred in serum-containing medium at 9 × 10 −8 M cortisol, and a significant increase in TRH binding was seen at 3 × 10 −8 M. Equilibrium binding studies showed that enhanced TRH binding was explained by an increase in receptor number with no change in affinity. Similar effects were seen with Dexamethasone, but no increase in TRH binding was noted when testosterone, methyltestosterone, progesterone, estradiol or the antiestrogen Lilly 88571 were added to the culture medium. Cortisol treatment did not cause the appearance of specific TRH binding sites in cell strains previously shown to lack receptors for the tripeptide (F 4 C 1 , GH 1 2C 1 and R 5 cells). When added cortisol was removed from medium, receptor number decayed to control values with a T 1 2 of about 30 hr. Previous studies have shown that TRH receptors in GH-cells can be down-modulated by TRH and thyroid hormones; the present findings demonstrate that glucocorticoid hormones can increase the number of TRH receptors in GH-cells.
Vortex-wake characteristics of a supersonic transport wing planform at Mach 2.5

To broaden the existing database and to aid in the development of supersonic vortex-wake models and/or code validation, measured vortex-wake decay and trajectory characteristics of a generic supersonic transport planform in a Mach 2.5 stream are presented.
Going Public: Science‐and‐Religion at a Crossroads

A survey of recent news events involving science and religion is conducted with an aim toward analyzing the current state of the science and religion dialogue. Recent events suggest that the dialogue has come to a crossroads, achieving an unprecedented level of popular attention. At the same time, this attention reveals what still needs to be done. More attention needs to be given to the nature of religion, to the history of religion and science, and to the increasing plurality of the dialogue.
Beyond the Basics of Executive Compensation: Researching What Corporate Executives Are Really Worth

This article explores two academically underserved areas on the subject of executive compensation: change in control payments and perquisites. These figures, although readily available through public filings, have been excluded from mainstream company-based resources and left to sporadically released topical reports. The article provides thorough background for these payments, the parameters for which they are allocated, and where to find the information using freely-available resources. Additionally, the article provides a review of paid resources that publish reports with this type of information.
Evaluation methodology and control strategies for improving reliability of HEV power electronic system

The reliability prediction of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) is of paramount importance for planning, design, control, and operation management of vehicles, since it can provide an objective criterion for comparative evaluation of various configurations and topologies and can be used as an effective tool to improve the design and control of the overall system. This paper presents a mission-profile-dependent simulation model based on MATLAB for quantitatively assessing the reliability of the electric drivetrain of HEVs. This model takes into consideration the variable driving scenarios, dormant mode, electrical stresses, and thermal stresses. Therefore, more reliable and accurate prediction of system reliability has been achieved. The methodology is explained in detail, and the results of reliability assessment based on a series HEV are presented. Based on reliability analysis, two control strategies are proposed to increase the mean time to failure of HEV powertrains: 1) variable dc-link voltage control and 2) hybrid discontinuous pulsewidth modulation scheme. These novel control schemes reduce the power losses and thermal stresses of power converters, and consequently, enhance system reliability. Numerical simulation results verify the benefits of two proposed control strategies in terms of power losses and reliability.
Charge-coupled devices with submicron gaps

The fabrication of two-phase buried channel charge-coupled devices with 100 transfer electrodes is described. The gate electrodes were constructed using only one level of polysilicon and with interelectrode gaps of approximately 0.5 µm. The edge etch technique was employed to provide 750 A wide windows to the polysilicon layer and then etching the polysilicon structure through these windows to produce submicron gaps. The use of the device as an analog delay line was demonstrated with a typical transfer efficiency of 0.99992 at 5 MHz.
Who buys their textbooks online

A pilot study of 82 undergraduates indicated that skills with computers and Internet use predicted purchasing textbooks online.
A Comparison of Teacher Education Reform in Two Nations: The Republic of China and the U.S.A.

Abstract The Republic of China is on the threshold of radical reform of its teacher education system. A comparison to teacher education reform in the U.S.A. will help inform future direction for both nations.
Mapping Connectivity Damage in the Case of Phineas Gage

White matter (WM) mapping of the human brain using neuroimaging techniques has gained considerable interest in the neuroscience community. Using diffusion weighted (DWI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), WM fiber pathways between brain regions may be systematically assessed to make inferences concerning their role in normal brain function, influence on behavior, as well as concerning the consequences of network-level brain damage. In this paper, we investigate the detailed connectomics in a noted example of severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) which has proved important to and controversial in the history of neuroscience. We model the WM damage in the notable case of Phineas P. Gage, in whom a “tamping iron” was accidentally shot through his skull and brain, resulting in profound behavioral changes. The specific effects of this injury on Mr. Gage's WM connectivity have not previously been considered in detail. Using computed tomography (CT) image data of the Gage skull in conjunction with modern anatomical MRI and diffusion imaging data obtained in contemporary right handed male subjects (aged 25–36), we computationally simulate the passage of the iron through the skull on the basis of reported and observed skull fiducial landmarks and assess the extent of cortical gray matter (GM) and WM damage. Specifically, we find that while considerable damage was, indeed, localized to the left frontal cortex, the impact on measures of network connectedness between directly affected and other brain areas was profound, widespread, and a probable contributor to both the reported acute as well as long-term behavioral changes. Yet, while significantly affecting several likely network hubs, damage to Mr. Gage's WM network may not have been more severe than expected from that of a similarly sized “average” brain lesion. These results provide new insight into the remarkable brain injury experienced by this noteworthy patient.
Capital identity projection: Understanding the psychosocial effects of capitalism on Black male community college students

Abstract This study examined factors impacting the success of Black male students in a Southwestern US community college. Data were collected using multiple sources, including semi-structured interviews ( n = 29), unstructured concept mapping, non-participant observations, and a focus group. Study findings revealed the harmful effects that glory-seeking, materialism, and excessive consumerism can have on student success, in and out of college. This notion is termed capital identity projection, and is described as a harmful psychosocial disposition that occurs in a capitalistic value system when an image of economic success is extended to the point of one’s own detriment. This notion is presented in light of extant research from masculinity studies, economic sociology, and economic psychology.
Thermal, optical, and electrical characterization of thin film coated RTV 655 bilayer system

Adhesion of thin films to hydrophobic elastomeric substrates is of particular interest in the area of flexible electronics and nano-sensor technology. Here, nanometer-thick Au films were deposited directly onto hydrophobic RTV 655 substrates by means of sputtering, thermal evaporation, and electroless techniques without an adhesion-promoting layer. The bilayer system was exposed to repeat thermal cycling and changes to the surface morphology of the thin film were monitored electrically and optically. Buckle formation in the as-deposited film was attributed to stress in the film and substrate stiffness rather than thermal coefficient mismatch between films. The Au-RTV 655 interface was water tight and maintained a strong adhesion despite repeated thermal cycles. Sputtered and thermally evaporated carbon-coated RTV 655 substrates were also studied in parallel for comparison. Periodic arrays of buckles formed in pre-strained RTV 655 samples showed reproducibility in their optical properties demonstrating good adhesion between the two layers without an interfacial layer. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 41396.
Developments In Engineering Workstations For Visualization Performance

As users increasingly employ graphics workstations for visualization applications, old benchmarks and measures --which focus narrowly on throughput rates -- are becoming increasingly inadequate. New evaluation methods are needed that take into account the complexities of visualization technology, including interactive manipulation, perceptual color models, sterescopic viewing and intuitive graphics input devices. Also, the most effective evaluations will be those that account for the hardware/software/user system, rather than focusing on hardware-only considerations.
Self-Assembled Aggregates of Rod-Coil Block Copolymers and Their Solubilization and Encapsulation of Fullerenes

Amphiphilic poly(phenylquinoline)-block-polystyrene rod-coil diblock copolymers were observed to self-organize into robust, micrometer-scale, spherical, vesicular, cylindrical, and lamellar aggregates from solution. These diverse aggregate morphologies were seen at each composition, but their size scale decreased with a decreasing fraction of the rigid-rod block. Compared to coil-coil block copolymer micelles, the present aggregates are larger by about two orders of magnitude and have aggregation numbers of over 10(8). The spherical and cylindrical aggregates have large hollow cavities. Only spherical aggregates with aggregation numbers in excess of 10(9) were formed in the presence of fullerenes (C60, C70) in solution, resulting in the solubilization and encapsulation of over 10(10) fullerene molecules per aggregate.
A groundless hypothesis, megaloblastic madness, and the founding of Duke University.

Abstract In a recent issue of Medical Hypotheses , Dr H L Newbold repeats the assertion that the cause of James B Duke's death in 1925 was pernicious anemia. Dr Newbold postulates that Mr Duke was neurologically impaired as a result of vitamin B-12 deficiency and that he suffered from depression. In an attempt to relieve this depression, Dr Newbold argues that James B Duke donated the money necessary to found Duke University. Had he been properly treated for pernicious anemia, James Duke might have not been depressed nor made his donation. The historical record does not substantiate this hypothesis. Dr George Minot, Novel Laureate for his work on pernicious anemia, was a consultant to Mr Duke's physicians, and felt that the patient did not have pernicious anemia. There is no independently verifiable evidence to demonstrate that Mr Duke ever suffered from depression. Duke made his first donations to Trinity College, later named Duke University, in 1900 — 25 years before his death. The available data discounts the hypothesis that depression related to pernicious anemia played any role in the founding of Duke University.
Lorentz approach to static magnetic field effects on bound-ion dynamics and binding kinetics: Thermal noise considerations

The present study characterizes an ion-binding site, a molecular cleft in a signalling molecule such as calmodulin or troponin C, as a damped linear isotropic oscillator potential for small displacements about the origin. Quantitative assessments of the effects of thermal noise and exogenous static magnetic fields are made through a statistical mechanical treatment of the Lorentz-Langevin equation for an ion bound in a molecular cleft. Thermal noise causes a bound ion to be ejected from the site after a bound lifetime dependent upon the thermal noise spectral density. It is shown that the Lorentz-Langevin model requires values of the viscous damping parameter many orders of magnitude below those for bulk water in order to characterize the binding site and to obtain realistic lifetimes for a bound ion. The model predicts that milliTesla-range magnetic fields are required for static field effects on dissociation kinetics. The Lorentz equation also yields a classic coherent solution describing precession of the bound-ion oscillator orientation at the Larmor frequency. The bound-ion dynamics described by this coherent solution are sensitive to microTesla-range static magnetic fields in the presence of thermal noise. Numerical integration of the contribution of thermal noise forces to these dynamics is in good agreement with the results of statistical mechanical analysis, also producing realistic bound lifetimes for only very low viscous damping values. The mechanisms by which modulation of precessional motion might enable a signalling molecule such as calmodulin to detect an exogenous magnetic field are presently unclear.
Self-focused attention in panic disorder

Self-focused attention refers to attention consciously directed toward the self. Although cognitive models of panic posit the importance of attending to internal sensations and the role of this self-focus in the experience and maintenance of panic, limited empirical work has examined self-focus in the anxiety disorders. The current investigation examines two parameters of self-focus in subjects with diagnoses of panic disorder: baseline levels of self-focus when the individual is not experiencing panic, and levels of self-focus when the individual is placed under mild stress. Nineteen subjects with panic disorder and 20 normal controls completed a physiological task of baseline, relaxation, and mild stress. Pulse, skin temperature, and epidermal activity were assessed and cognitions were sampled. Cognitions were coded into content categories of self (physiological and cognitive), task, or other. Results support the existence of heightened levels of self-focused attention in panic subjects with differential types of self-focus during structured and unstructured tasks. The implications of these results are discussed in terms of cognitive models of panic and conceptualizations of self-focus.
Nafcillin, pseudoproteinuria, and hypokalemic alkalosis.

trations below 50 /zg/ml? This is well above maximum concentrations predicted from doses which might be absorbed from colostrum and breast milk. Potential risk to the neonate who is hyperbilirubinemic, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient~ ill, stressed and /o r premature is more difficult to evaluate. Mothers of such infants who are breast-feeding should take alternate antimicrobial agents when possible.
Valley-Contrasting Physics in Graphene : Magnetic Moment and Topological Transport

We investigate physical properties that can be used to distinguish the valley degree of freedom in systems where inversion symmetry is broken, using graphene systems as examples. We show that the pseudospin associated with the valley index of carriers has an intrinsic magnetic moment, in close analogy with the Bohr magneton for the electron spin. There is also a valley dependent Berry phase effect that can result in a valley contrasting Hall transport, with carriers in different valleys turning into opposite directions transverse to an in-plane electric field. These effects can be used to generate and detect valley polarization by magnetic and electric means, forming the basis for the valley-based electronics applications.
Numerical Study of Epithelial Deformation During Vaginal Application of a Viscoelastic Gel Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Model

This paper is one of the components of our research on how to optimize polymeric anti-HIV gels, microbicides [1]. Microbicides are delivered to the vaginal epithelium to protect it from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Microbicides may provide a physical barrier amplifying the normal vaginal defenses, as well as destroy the pathogens chemically or inhibit viral infection. Microbicides are a promising solution to provide a low-cost, female-controlled method for protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Enumeration of substitutional isomers with restrictive mutual positions of ligands: I. Overall counts

We address systematics for the enumeration of substitutional isomers when there is constrained positioning of ligands on a molecular skeleton. One constraint involves ‘restrictive ligands’ where two of the same kind are forbidden to occupy adjacent sites in a molecular skeleton. This may arise because of steric hindrance, or because of groups which in neighbor proximity react to eliminate one. For instance, no pair of –OH groups attach to the same C atom in a molecular skeleton. In another case, malonic acid residues decarboxylate leaving no more than one decarboxylation in each residue. The enumeration with such restrictive ligands may be addressed via a Polya-theoretic cycle index hybridized with the graph-theoretic independence polynomial (when there is just a single such neighbor-excluding ligand and another which is not), while more generally a hybridization with the chromatic polynomial is needed. Another substitional-isomer constraint involves bidentate ligands, with each ligand-part occupying adjacent sites, and possibly also with additional separate unidentate ligands. Here, the set of all pure & mixed such ligand placements is analytically represented by a ‘symmetry-reduced’ matching polynomial (which is a hybrid now of the matching polynomial and Polya’s cycle index). This result gives the generating function for isomer enumeration, taking into account every possible so-restricted assortment of the employed ligands. Here we make such novel hybridizations (for these and other graphtheoretic polynomials) to deal with such oft-encountered chemical problems, which nevertheless transcend typical earlier unconstrained formulizations. Further subsymmetry classification & enumerations, along with examples are considered in a further article.
Self-Synchronization of Many Coupled Oscillators

We investigate the synchronization to a common frequency and phase in systems of many coupled digital phase-locked loops. We study cases for which the internal frequencies are identical for all loops and for which they are different. In both cases, we observe that synchronization to a common frequency is possible in a range of the parameter space. We find an analytical expression for the synchronization frequency when the communication between loops is in two directions. Synchronization in phase occurs only when the internal frequencies of the loops are identical. We study the transient convergence to the locked state in the ring, double ring, and global coupling configurations. We also discuss the influence of a multiperiodic or chaotic loop on the dynamics of the system. Our results may have applications to the problem of network synchronization.
Women battering on the Navajo reservation

This paper focuses on the relationship between Navajo traditional cultural values and history and the problems associated with women battering on the Navajo Reservation. The author argues that publ...