cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Exploratory Study into Designing Enhanced Commute Experiences in Autonomous Vehicles with Connected Sensors and Actuators

This paper discusses an exploratory study regarding user perceptions and behaviors associated with autonomous vehicles (AV). We conducted three research methods – interviews, observations, and surveys – to collect comprehensive user data for capturing useful insights. We found that comfort with light, vehicle safety, audio entertainment and itinerary transparency are the main four concerns that users in our study had in current transportation systems, especially in shared rides. Having these categories as our guidelines for design, we generated conceptsand built a low-fidelity prototype using connected sensors and actuators for user testing. Feedback from potential users and experts in the automobile industry were recorded to refine the proposed concept for further development.
Digital Divide Among Caregivers of Chronic Disease Patients

Expansive and rapid growth of technology creates unprecedented patient access to health information, including timely communication with care providers via patient portals and the ability to access...
Emotional Responses to a Sexual Assault Threat: A Qualitative Analysis Among Women With Histories of Sexual Victimization:

Sexual assaults against women are a leading threat to human rights and public health in the United States. Considering the high rates of sexual revictimization among women and the limited understan...
A possible explanation for the presence of crystalline H2O-ice on Kuiper Belt Objects

Abstract The detection of crystalline H2O-ice on multiple surfaces of Kuiper Belt Objects (KBOs) seems to contrast with what scientists understand about the surface environment of these objects, as previous estimates suggest that radiolysis should have easily amorphized these objects' surface over their lifetimes. Here, we use a detailed laboratory approach to show that crystalline H2O-ice can be amorphized by energetic electrons at temperatures as high as 70 K. However, the estimated time needed to completely amorphize the H2O-ice present on the surface of a KBO to the depth probed by near-infrared spectroscopy is only slightly less than the age of the solar system. Given the uncertainties involved in these types of extrapolations and the possibility of a resurfacing event occurring in these objects lifetime, the detection of crystalline or at least partially crystalline H2O-ice on KBOs should be expected.
Abstract IA26: Oncogenic LncRNA promotes escape from intrinsic Hippo tumor suppression

How tumor cells genetically lose antigenicity and evade intrinsic tumor suppression barriers has been uncertain for decades. Here, we report that tissue-specific expression of a human long noncoding RNA LINK-A in mouse mammary gland initiates metastatic breast tumor, which models human basal-like breast cancer morphologically, genetically, transcriptionally, and metabolically. LINK-A expression facilitates crosstalk between PIP3 and inhibitory GPCRs pathways, leading to decreased cAMP level and protein kinase A (PKA)-mediated phosphorylation of E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM71. This leads to enhanced K48-polyubiquitination-mediated degradation of tumor suppressor MST1 as well as LATS1. Treatment with LINK-A antisense oligonucleotides or Rauwolscine (a Galphai antagonist) stabilizes Hippo tumor suppressor pathway, sensitizing breast tumors to immune checkpoint blockers. PD-1 blockade-resistant TNBC patients exhibited elevated LINK-A and downregulated Hippo tumor suppressors. We demonstrate an lncRNA-dependent escape from intrinsic tumor suppression and immunosurveillance, which provides a regimen of combinational immunotherapy and effective early prevention for TNBC. Citation Format: Qingsong Hu, Chunru Lin, Liuqing Yang. Oncogenic LncRNA promotes escape from intrinsic Hippo tumor suppression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr IA26.
How a training team delivers simulation training of child protection investigators

Abstract This article presents results of a qualitative study regarding how a training team delivers simulation training for child protection investigators. Since 2016, a team from the University of Illinois at Springfield (UIS) has collaborated with the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS) to implement the Child Protection Training Academy (CPTA) that provides full-scale simulations has been implemented for training all new child protection investigators. Using key informant interviews and focus groups, we explored how the training team, including the simulation trainer, the standardized patients playing the role of the family in a mock family house, and the professionals playing roles in a mock courtroom, collaborate to shape the simulation training. The qualitative data point to the central role of the trainer’s blend of skills, the dedication of the standardized patients staying in character, the interest of role-playing professionals in correcting misconceptions about court, and the teamwork involved in implementing simulation training.
Association between Arsenic Exposure and Cardiovascular Disease

Arsenic is a ubiquitously dispersed metalloid that has been implicated as the cause of various adverse health effects. Human exposure to arsenic primarily occurs through contaminated drinking water and dietary intake of rice and grains, posing a great public health risk to millions of people worldwide. High levels of arsenic have been positively associated with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD). In the last decade, a growing body of evidence has established a role for low-to-moderate arsenic exposure in CVD risk as well. The molecular mechanism of action by which arsenic induces cardiovascular toxicity is not completely understood, but epigenetic changes, increased platelet aggregation, and increased oxidative stress have all been implicated. Presently, there are a substantial amount of retrospective and prospective cohort studies supporting the role of arsenic in CVD, although randomized controlled trials have yet to be conducted. In this review, we have sought to summarize the existing high-quality evidence elucidating arsenic's role in CVD development and to evaluate the need for future research.
Synchronization and characterization of an ultrashort pulse laser for photoemission and electron-beam diagnostics studies at a radio frequency photoinjector

A commercially-available titanium-sapphire laser system has recently been installed at the Fermilab A0 photoinjector laboratory in support of photoemission and electron beam diagnostics studies. The laser system is synchronized to both the 1.3-GHz master oscillator and a 1-Hz signal used to trigger the radiofrequency system and instrumentation acquisition. The synchronization scheme and performance are detailed. Long-term temporal and intensity drifts are identified and actively suppressed to within 1 ps and 1.5%, respectively. Measurement and optimization of the laser pulse temporal profile are accomplished using frequency-resolved optical gating.
Mansplaining and Illocutionary Force

In this paper I describe three kinds of mansplaining, “well, actually” mansplaining, straw-mansplaining, and speech act–confusion mansplaining. While these three kinds have much in common, I focus on speech act–confusion mansplaining and offer a speech act theoretic account of what goes wrong when people mansplain in this way. In cases of speech act–confusion mansplaining, the target of the mansplaining is not able to do what she wants with her words. Her conversational contribution is taken to have a different force than the force she intends. This contributes to women’s discursive disablement and to the restriction of women’s participation in epistemically relevant exchanges.
Outcomes of Surface Replacement Arthroplasty in Metacarpophalangeal Joints Affected by Noninflammatory Arthritis.

BackgroundThe purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes of surface replacement arthroplasty (SRA) for noninflammatory arthritis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint.MethodsRecords fro...
Evaluating the impact of model resolutions and cumulus parameterization on precipitation in NU-WRF: A case study in the Central Great Plains

Abstract Regional climate models are expected to exhibit improved skill at finer spatial resolutions due to improved representation of land surface heterogeneity. However, at spatial scales between 1 and 10 km (grey scales), these improvements are often illusive due to the competing benefits from spatial resolution and cumulus parameterization. This study provides insights into the impact of model resolution and cumulus parameterization on precipitation prediction in the Central Great Plains by using an object-based evaluation method. Our results show limited improvement solely from finer resolution but larger improvement without using the cumulus scheme at a 4-km resolution. Compared to traditional evaluation methods, the object-based analysis shows that without the cumulus scheme the spatial properties of precipitation are better represented. In contrast, all model configurations show a dry bias in precipitation days and a tendency to produce widespread precipitation but with fewer hours with precipitation which indicates other shortcomings in the model.
The impact of CNS-directed treatment on quality of life in childhood cancer survivors

Pediatric cancer survivors may have lower quality of life (QoL), but most research has assessed outcomes either in treatment or long-term survivorship. We focused on early survivorship (i.e., 3 and 5 years post-diagnosis), examining the impact of CNS-directed treatment on child QoL, as well as sex and age at diagnosis as potential moderators. Families of children with cancer (ages 5–17) were recruited at diagnosis or relapse (N = 336). Survivors completed the PedsQL at 3 (n = 96) and 5 years (n = 108), along with mothers (101 and 105, respectively) and fathers (45 and 53, respectively). The impact of CNS treatment, sex, and age at diagnosis on child QoL was examined over both time since diagnosis and time since last treatment using mixed model analyses. Parent-report of the child’s total QoL was in the normative range and stable between 3 and 5 years when examining time since diagnosis, while child reported QoL improved over time (p = 0.04). In terms of time since last treatment, mother and child both reported the child’s QoL improved over time (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.0006, respectively). Based on parent-report, males with CNS-directed treatment had lower total QoL than females and males who did not receive CNS-directed treatment. Age at diagnosis did not moderate the impact of treatment type on total QoL. Quality of life (QoL) in early survivorship may be low among males who received CNS-directed treatment. However, this was only evident on parent-report. Interventions to improve child QoL should focus on male survivors who received CNS-directed treatment, as well as females regardless of treatment type.
Acute Bilateral Optic Neuritis due to Borrelia Burgdorferi in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis on Ocrelizumab (2551)

Objective: Not applicable Background: Lyme disease is the most common vector-borne illness in the United States; the incidence depends on geography and season. Acute optic neuritis (AON) is a rare complication of Lyme neuroborreliosis. Identification of the causal organism, Borrelia burgdorferi, and its role in AON has been hindered by technical limitations in serum and intrathecal antibody detection. Design/Methods: We present a case of a 46-year-old female with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis on ocrelizumab who developed mild vision loss and painful eye movements. The patient presented four-weeks following a flu-like illness and tick exposure in a Lyme-endemic region. Results: Exam demonstrated visual acuity 20/25 OD, 20/50 OS; mild color vision loss OS (7/8 correct Ishihara plate testing); and 2+ papilledema bilaterally on fundoscopy. Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) acutely demonstrated bilateral retinal nerve fiber layer thickening (153μm OD and 153μm OS). Magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerves demonstrated increased T2 signal and diffuse thickening bilaterally of the intracanalicular nerve segment; there was corresponding T1 post-contrast enhancement. There were no new or enhancing intraparenchymal T2 signal changes suggestive of active demyelination. Serum Lyme IgM antibodies resulted positive with 3/3 significant bands. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) demonstrated 275 white blood cells/mm3 (lymphocytic), glucose 75mg/dL, and protein 133mg/dL; CSF immunoblot assay demonstrated 2 IgM bands. Serum anti-aquaporin 4, myelin oligodendrocyte glyocoprotein, Bartonella and Toxoplasma antibodies were negative. Intravenous (IV) methylprednisolone 1000mg daily was given for 3 days while awaiting results of the studies, followed by IV ceftriaxone 2000mg daily for 4 weeks. The patient experienced complete clinical resolution of symptoms 1 month following discharge. Conclusions: This unique case of acute bilateral optic neuritis in a patient with tick-borne illness highlights the importance of considering alternative causes of atypical presentations of common syndromes of multiple sclerosis, particularly in patients on immune suppressing disease modifying therapies. Disclosure: Dr. Gill has nothing to disclose. Dr. Wyrostek has nothing to disclose. Dr. Esch has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving on a Speakers Bureau for Biogen. Dr. Whiting has nothing to disclose. Dr. Zand has received personal compensation in the range of $5,000-$9,999 for serving as an Expert Witness for Spangenberg Shibley & Liber LLP. The institution of Dr. Zand has received research support from Genentech. The institution of Dr. Zand has received research support from Geisinger Health Plan. The institution of Dr. Zand has received research support from Geisinger Health Plan. The institution of Dr. Zand has received research support from Bucknell.
Tick immunity using mRNA, DNA and protein-based Salp14 delivery strategies.

Abstract Guinea pigs exposed to multiple infestations with Ixodes scapularis ticks develop acquired resistance to ticks, which is also known as tick immunity. The I. scapularis salivary components that contribute to tick immunity are likely multifactorial. An anticoagulant that inhibits factor Xa, named Salp14, is present in tick saliva and is associated with partial tick immunity. A tick bite naturally releases tick saliva proteins into the vertebrate host for several days, which suggests that the mode of antigen delivery may influence the genesis of tick immunity. We therefore utilized Salp14 as a model antigen to examine tick immunity using mRNA lipid nanoparticles (LNPs), plasmid DNA, or recombinant protein platforms. salp14 containing mRNA-LNPs vaccination elicited erythema at the tick bite site after tick challenge that occurred earlier, and that was more pronounced, compared with DNA or protein immunizations. Humoral and cellular responses associated with tick immunity were directed towards a 25 amino acid region of Salp14 at the carboxy terminus of the protein, as determined by antibody responses and skin-testing assays. This study demonstrates that the model of antigen delivery, also known as the vaccine platform, can influence the genesis of tick immunity in guinea pigs. mRNA-LNPs may be useful in helping to elicit erythema at the tick bite site, one of the most important early hallmarks of acquired tick resistance. mRNA-LNPs containing tick genes is a useful platform for the development of vaccines that can potentially prevent selected tick-borne diseases.
SUICIDE BY MOTOR VEHICLE

Five suicides by motor vehicle drivers are reported. Possible frequency of such incidents and methods for their investigation, as well as patterns and characteristics of suicidal behavior, are discussed. Published reports of suicide by motor vehicle are scarce. Proven cases should be reported by medical examiners and coroners to help establish the patterns of such deaths.
Anthropometric Outcomes Related to Self-satisfaction, Parent and Peer Support in Overweight Youth Participating in a Fitness and Nutrition Themed Summer Camp

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of environmental support on anthropometric outcomes in overweight and obese youth (n=177, 9-14 years old) after involvement in a six-week fitness and nutrition themed summer day camp during the summers 2011, 2012 and 2014, compared to a control camp (n=50). The intervention camp consisted of three hours of weekly nutrition education using validated curriculum (EatFit, MyPlate) taught by nutrition educators. Youth also participated in three hours daily of fitness activities. Parents attended weekly meetings averaging to one hour per week using similar curriculum (Eating Smart Being Active). The control was not exposed to the intervention but attended a general themed camp. Both groups were measured pre- and post- to determine changes in anthropometric measures, specifically, calculated waist to height ratio (whtr) controlling for body mass index z-scores (BMI-z). These quantitative measures were compared to qualitative survey responses related to the ...
Automated Vehicles from Modeling to Real World

There has been a steady increase in automated features in modern vehicles. Vehicles equipped with these features will behave differently in the traffic stream when compared to non-equipped vehicles (different reaction times, gap acceptance, etc.). Many car manufacturers advertise the release of their fully automated vehicles by 2020. However, the interaction between vehicles with different levels of automation and legacy vehicles is still questionable and can potentially have safety concerns. Thus it is important to understand the nature of these interactions to develop traffic safety strategies by mostly relying on a simulation environment. This paper discusses how modeling and simulation can effectively help in understanding critical traffic characteristics in a mixed environment. This understanding will help shape effective policies and management strategies to accommodate automated vehicles in the traffic stream along with legacy vehicles.
Introduction to Supersymmetry

Supersymmetry is a remarkable subject that has fascinated particle physicists since it was originally introduced. Although supersymmetry is no longer a new idea, we still do not know in what form, if any, it plays a role in the proper description of nature.
Computational and visual support for geographical knowledge construction: Filling in the gaps between exploration and explanation

Although many different types of data mining tools have been developed for geographic analysis, the broader perspective of geographic knowledge discovery—the stages required and their computational support—have been largely overlooked. This paper describes the process of knowledge construction as a number of inter-related activities and the support of these activities in an integrated visual and computational environment, GeoVISTA Studio. Results are presented showing examples of each stage in the knowledge construction process and a summary of the inter-relationships between visualisation, computation, representation and reasoning is provided.
Basicities of thienopyridines

Summary p K a values of nine thienopyridine compounds were determined potentiometrically in water or aqueous ethanol at 25°C. Relative basicities are interpreted in terms of inductive and resonance effects (especially by the sulfur atom), in addition to the location of the nitrogen atom at an α- or β-position in the analogous naphthalene structure. Separations of isomers by acid extraction and by chromatography on alumina are discussed in terms of these basicities.
Malyl Coenzyme A Lyase MECHANISM OF ACTION AS DEDUCED BY KINETIC ANALYSIS

Abstract Initial velocity and inhibition studies were conducted on the malyl coenzyme A lyase reaction. In the direction of malyl-CoA synthesis, glycollate and oxalate exhibit inhibition competitive with respect to glyoxylate and noncompetitive with respect to acetyl-CoA. Propionyl-CoA, on the other hand, acts as a competitive inhibitor with respect to acetyl-CoA and an uncompetitive inhibitor with respect to glyoxylate. In the direction of malyl-CoA cleavage, glyoxylate, oxalate, and glycollate inhibit competitively with respect to malyl-CoA, while acetyl-CoA and propionyl-CoA inhibit noncompetitively with respect to malyl-CoA. These results define the reaction as ordered sequential, with glyoxylate binding prior to acetyl-CoA. In an apparent contradiction to this order binding mechanism, exchange of the methyl protons of acetyl-CoA with water occurs in the absence of glyoxylate or its analogs, oxalate or glycollate. In the presence of these latter two compounds the exchange reaction is inhibited. These results are interpreted in terms of the relative affinity of acetyl-CoA for free enzyme and the enzyme-glyoxylate complex.
Mid-Infrared Observations of Mass-Losing Red Giants

Within the past 3 years, mid-ir imagers have become available at 10-meter class telescopes. As a result, it is now possible to spatially resolve many sources which previously appeared to be point-like, and here we report mid-infrared observations at Keck of two stars, L2 Pup and OH 231.8+4.2. For L2 Pup, one of the nearest mass-losing red giants, we find that the wind may be driven by the stellar pulsations, with radiation pressure on dust being relatively unimportant. The stellar pulsations that drive the wind may be nonradial. For OH 231.8+4.2, we find both an extended bipolar flow and an unresolved central source. We suggest that the unresolved central source can be explained by an opaque, flared disk with an outer radius of 5 × 1015 cm and an outer temperature of ~130 K. One possible model to account for this flaring is that the material in the disk is orbiting the central star and not simply undergoing a radial expansion
Urinary tract infections and uterine activity

T H E problem of pyelitis in general and pyelitis during pregnancy in particular is occupying the attention of many. As yet the method by which bacteria reach the kidneys and the increased incidence of pyelitis in certain conditions and age groups are not completely understood. 3. 4 Clinical diagnosis of this entity on the basis of chills, fever, flank pain, and pyuria is relatively simple, but it is apparent that many cases do not run the normal clinical course and escape our attention. Autopsy material places the incidence of pyelitis at 20 per cent as compared with 1 per cent on the basis of clinical observation.17 The role of asymptomatic bacteriuria has not been investigated until recently although the condition was described in 1881 by Roberts.12 The studies of Kass7, s on the clinical correlations of bacteriuria particularly during pregnancy have stimulated workers in the field. Using a statistical formula making straight voided specimens suitable foi analysis, he has made several basic contribu-
Single-Ion Optical Frequency Standards and Measurement of their Absolute Optical Frequency

This work examines the current status of research on optical frequency standards based upon single trapped ions. Methods for the containment and laser cooling of such single-ion samples are briefly discussed. Detection of ultra-narrow reference transitions via the observation of quantum jumps is outlined, together with the progress in the development of laser sources to provide cooling, detection and probing for such standards. A brief discussion on methods employed to date on stabilization to single-ion transition resonances is given, together with a summary of some of the principal sources for systematic shifts in such systems. Progress in the investigation of Ba+, Sr+, Ca+, Hg+, Yb+, and In+ single-ion reference transitions is given. The work concludes with an overview of the progress in the measurement of single-ion referenced optical frequency relative to the Cs realization of the SI second and other reference standards.
Capsaicin Responses in Heat-Sensitive and Heat-Insensitive A-Fiber Nociceptors

The recently cloned vanilloid receptor (VR1) is postulated to account for heat and capsaicin sensitivity in unmyelinated afferents. We sought to determine whether heat and capsaicin sensitivity also coexist in myelinated nociceptive afferents. Action potential (AP) activity was recorded from single A-fiber nociceptors that innervated the hairy skin in monkey. Before intradermal injection of capsaicin (10 microg/10 microl) into the receptive field, nociceptors were classified as heat-sensitive (threshold, </=53 degrees C, 1 sec) or heat-insensitive afferents and as mechanically sensitive (von Frey threshold, <6 bar) or mechanically insensitive afferents. All heat-sensitive afferents (n = 16) were insensitive to mechanical stimuli but responded to the intradermal injection of capsaicin (69 +/- 7 APs in 10 min). Responsiveness to mechanical stimuli, thermal stimuli, and capsaicin varied in their receptive fields; the majority of receptive field sites (24 of 36) were responsive to only one or two stimulus modalities, whereas only eight sites responded to all three modalities. For most heat-insensitive afferents, the activity induced by the capsaicin injection did not exceed the activity induced by needle insertion alone. However, the largest response to capsaicin (314 +/- 98 APs in 10 min) was observed for five afferents that were insensitive to heat as well as mechanical stimuli and therefore may be classified as cutaneous chemoreceptors. These results suggest that A-fiber nociceptors play a role in the pain and hyperalgesia associated with capsaicin injection. Our finding that a subgroup of capsaicin-sensitive A-fiber nociceptors are insensitive to heat predicts the existence of heat-insensitive capsaicin receptors.
Function Point Analysis

Function point analysis (FPA) can be used to measure the size of a proposed software system (in function points), from its specifications. Unadjusted function points, which are based on the information processed by the software system, are calculated first. The unadjusted function point total is then modified by an adjustment factor (application characteristics adjustment factor or technical complexity factor (TCF), which takes into account the various technical and other factors involved in developing and implementing the information processing requirements (ease of use, ease of maintenance, etc.), that can influence the final size of a software application. Function points are thus a composite metric introduced with the aim of measuring the function value that a software system provides to the user. As a unit of measure function points are claimed to be more readily understandable by business users. The function point measure is a dimensionless number independent of the language in which the software is implemented and, because of its independence from development language and technology, FPA can be used to compare the productivity and quality of competing languages and technologies. Since FPA's introduction in 1979, FPA has undergone several changes in its counting procedures. The modifications are attempts to cater for changes that have occurred in software development methodologies and are discussed here. FPA can be useful for planning purposes because function point counts may be obtained from software requirements specifications that are based on the owner–user requirements model. Thus they are available early in the development cycle, are usually easier to determine than lines of code from a requirements specification, and in some cases provide an earlier, more accurate prediction of software size than a LOC estimate. This article continues with a discussion of an outline of functionp oint computation, and follow with the uses, advantages, and disadvantages of function points, and their extensions to FPA. Our discussion then continues with a glance at the International Standard for Functional Size Measures, a function point analysis summary, and a short discussion on software productivity measurement. Keywords: function point computation; uses; advantages; disadvantages; extensions; modifications; productivity; pitfalls; measurement
Quintupling the speed of the PDP-8 DF32 disk system for real-time use

The author has noted some inefficiencies in the operation of the DF32 hardware/software disk system on the PDP-8. While such inefficiencies are not significant when the disk is used only as a store for programs which are called into core from the keyboard, they become important when the disk is used as a real-time backup for core. This paper isolates some of the problems, gives rules for avoiding them, and then describes how the system software was modified to obey these rules. The speed of the modified system is noticeable even when SAVEing and CALLing programs from the keyboard; successive blocks can be transferred between disk and core in one-fifth the previously required time.
Intra-chromosomal gene conversion induced by a DNA double-strand break in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

We have stimulated mitotic and meiotic gene conversion between non-tandem direct repeats of ADE4 by a defined double-strand break imparted in vivo to one of two copies of the gene. The experimental design permitted us to distinguish unambiguously between reciprocal intra-chromosomal crossing over and non-reciprocal break-join events that could accompany the induced conversions. We observed that (1) less than 10% of the induced conversion events are accompanied by intra-chromosomal crossing over in both mitosis and meiosis; (2) non-reciprocal break-join is not stimulated by the double-strand breaks; (3) a double-strand break in meiosis is repaired off intra-chromosomal homology (if available) with approximately sevenfold preference over repair off the homologous chromosome. Our observations, analyzed in the light of previous investigations of spontaneous inter and intra-chromosomal crossing over and gene conversion, lead to the view that chromosomal configuration constrains intra-chromosomal crossing over accompanying conversion between closely spaced repeated genes during resolution of the conversion intermediate.
CMRR performance limits of analog multiplexers using normal-mode filters

An analysis of the common-mode rejection (CMR) of low-level analog multiplexers using normal-mode filters is presented. The CMR is shown to be limited by the multiplexer bus capacitance. Simple analytical expressions are presented for predicting the CMR performance of these multiplexers.
Improved Bacteriophage Genome Data is Necessary for Integrating Viral and Bacterial Ecology

The recent rise in “omics”-enabled approaches has lead to improved understanding in many areas of microbial ecology. However, despite the importance that viruses play in a broad microbial ecology context, viral ecology remains largely not integrated into high-throughput microbial ecology studies. A fundamental hindrance to the integration of viral ecology into omics-enabled microbial ecology studies is the lack of suitable reference bacteriophage genomes in reference databases—currently, only 0.001 % of bacteriophage diversity is represented in genome sequence databases. This commentary serves to highlight this issue and to promote bacteriophage genome sequencing as a valuable scientific undertaking to both better understand bacteriophage diversity and move towards a more holistic view of microbial ecology.
Pseudomethemoglobinemia: a case report and review of sulfhemoglobinemia.

Objectives To see if methemoglobin could potentially be misdiagnosed and the limitation of present co-oximeters. Patient A 17-year-old girl who overingested a combination of cimetidine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen in a suicide attempt. Method Use of pulse co-oximeters to aid in the diagnosis of suspected sulfhemoglobinemia. Results Diagnosis of sulfhemoglobinemia achieved with final confirmation made with gas chromatography. Patient steadily improved with supportive care. Conclusions There is a potential for the diagnosis of methemoglobin with some of the limitations of present co-oximeters. The laboratory diagnosis of sulfhemoglobinemia can be difficult to make.
Experimental investigation of void distribution in suppression pool over the duration of a loss of coolant accident using steam–water two-phase mixture

Abstract Studies are underway to determine if a large amount gas discharged through the downcomer pipes in the pressure suppression chamber during the blowdown of Loss of Coolant Accident (LOCA) can potentially be entrained into the Emergency Core Cooling System (ECCS) suction piping of BWR. This may result in degraded ECCS pumps performance which could affect the ability to maintain or recover the water inventory level in the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) during a LOCA. Therefore, it is very important to understand the void behavior in the pressure suppression chamber during the blowdown period of a LOCA. To address this issue, a set of experiments is conducted using the Purdue University Multi-Dimensional Integral Test Assembly for ESBWR applications (PUMA-E) facility. The geometry of the test apparatus is determined based on the basic geometrical scaling analysis from a prototypical BWR containment (MARK I) with a consideration of downcomer size, downcomer water submergence depth and Suppression Pool (SP) water level. Several instruments are installed in the test facility to measure the required experimental data such as the steam mass flow rate, void fraction, pressure and temperature. In the experiments, sequential flows of air, steam–air mixture and pure steam-each with the various flow rate conditions are injected from the Drywell (DW) through a downcomer pipe in the SP. Eight tests with two different downcomer sizes, various initial gas volumetric fluxes at the downcomer, and two different initial non-condensable gas concentration conditions in the DW are conducted. Three distinct phases, namely, an initial phase, a quasi-steady, and a chugging phase are observed. The maximum void penetration depth is observed in the initial phase. A reduction in the void penetration depth is observed in the quasi-steady phase. As a result of low non-condensable gas concentration, chugging is observed at the tail end of the experiment. Chugging provides renewed void penetrations comparable to those in the initial phase. It is determined that the void distribution and area of void penetration in the SP is governed by the gas volumetric flux at the downcomer and the non-condensable gas concentration in the downcomer.
Exciting New Treatment Approaches for Pathyphysiologic Mechanisms of Sickle Cell Disease

During the past several decades, our understanding of the complex pathophysiology of vasoocclusion associated with sickle cell disease has improved greatly. Interaction of genes, hemoglobin molecules, red cell membrane and metabolic changes, cell-cell interactions and cell-plasma interactions, red cell adhesion to vascular endothelium, activation of coagulation, and vascular reactivity play a role in vasoocclusion.Penicillin prophylaxis of pneumococcal infections and appropriate use of blood transfusions and other supportive measures improved survival of sickle cell patients. Hydroxyurea made a major impact on sickle cell therapy when it was shown to decrease acute painful episodes, acute chest syndrome, and the need for blood transfusion in adults. Significant experience in the use of hydroxyurea has been accumulated in older children. The benefits and risks of hydroxyurea for younger children and long-term risks in all patients will be evaluated in future investigations. Other promising therapies includ...
Management of patients with hemolytic uremic syndrome demonstrating severe azotemia but not anuria.

There are no specific indications for dialysis in a patient with typical hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) who does not have anuria, hyperkalemia, volume overload, or severe acidemia. We managed five patients with D+HUS, aged 1.5–14 years, without dialysis despite marked azotemia, because they were not anuric and because they had none of the acid-base, fluid, or electrolyte perturbations that may have been indications for dialysis. Each had markedly elevated blood urea nitrogen (range 137–234 mg/dl) and serum creatinine concentrations (range 5.4–15.4 mg/dl). None was anuric and one was oliguric for 4 days. There were no complications and each recovered. We have reviewed the published literature on the use of dialysis in patients with D+HUS and have not found any guidelines that relate to the management of similar cases. It is our view that management of D+HUS patients without dialysis is appropriate when the patient is passing urine and the acid-base, serum electrolyte concentrations and fluid balances can be managed without dialysis.
Connectionism and the philosophical foundations of cognitive science

This is an overview of recent philosophical discussion about connectionism and the foundations of cognitive science. Connectionist modeling in cognitive science is described. Three broad conceptions of the mind are characterized, and their comparative strengths and weaknesses are discussed: (1) the classical computation conception in cognitive science; (2) a popular foundational interpretation of connectionism that John Tienson and I call “non-sentential computationalism”; and (3) an alternative interpretation of connectionism we call “dynamical cognition.” Also discussed are two recent philosophical attempts to enlist connectionism in defense of eliminativism about folk psychology.
Performance analysis of multipath transmission over 802.11-based multihop ad hoc networks: a cross-layer perspective

Data transmission in ad hoc networks involves interactions between medium access control (MAC)-layer protocols and data forwarding along network-layer paths. These interactions have been shown to have a significant impact on the performance of a system. This impact on multipath data transmission over multihop IEEE 802.11 MAC-based ad hoc networks is assessed; analysis is from a cross-layer perspective. Both MAC layer protocols and network-layer data forwarding are taken into account in the system models. The frame service time at source in a 802.11 MAC-based multipath data transmission system under unsaturated conditions is studied. Analytical models are developed for two packet generation schemes (round robin and batch) with a Poisson frame arrival process. Moreover, an analytical model is developed to investigate the throughput of a multipath transmission system in 802.11-based multihop wireless networks. Two methods are proposed to estimate the impact of cross-layer interactions on the frame service time in such a system. Two bounds of the system throughput are obtained based on these estimation methods. These models are validated by means of simulation under various scenarios.
Relationships between Scores from the ACT, PPST, NTE, ACTCOMP, and GPA:

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships that exists between entrance tests scores, for teacher education students, derived from the American College Test (ACT) and the Pre-Professional Skills Test (PPST) and outcomes measures including the National Teacher Examinations (NTE), College Outcomes Measures Project test (ACTCOMP) and overall grade point average (GPA). The subjects included 615 students who had completed a teacher education program and were eligible for licensure. Significant correlations (p < .01) were obtained between all scores from the four tests and GPA. Regression equations using scores from the ACT and PPST were developed to predict NTE and ACTCOMP scores and GPA. ACT scores were the best predictors of the outcomes measures.
The Statutory Regulation of Colonial Servitude: An Incomplete-Contract Approach☆

Abstract Statutory laws in colonial America required that servants be given a particular set of goods upon contract completion. These laws were innovative and unprecedented. Their purpose has been interpreted as an effort to discourage servants from premature departure and to prevent ex-servants from taxing poor relief funds. These interpretations are shown to be inadequate, and an alternative explanation based on incomplete-contract theory is presented. Testable implications are developed regarding differences in end-of-contract payments by contract length, by the presence of money wages, and among indentured, convict, and apprentice contracts. The results support the incomplete-contract explanation.
To transmigrate or not to transmigrate

Neutrophil transmigration through the endothelial lining of blood vessels is regulated by signaling and adhesion molecules. Now, CD99L2 joins the club of molecules implicated in this process. In a remarkable study published in this issue of Blood , Bixel and colleagues describe the important role
The Body of Faith: A Biological History of Religion in America, by Robert C. Fuller, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2013, xiv + 231 pp. ISBN 9780226025087, US$ 35.00 (cloth), ISBN 9780226025117, US$28.00 (e-book)

The Body of Faith: A Biological History of Religion in America by Robert C. Fuller is the tenth book in the Chicago History of American Religion Series, which seeks to ‘explore new ways of reading ...
Transient excited singlet state absorption in POPOP and dimethyl POPOP

Transient excited singlet state absorption (ESSA) has been measured in POPOP solution in ethanol and dimethyl POPOP solution in toluene at room temperature in the region 4580–6880 A using a nitrogen laser and nitrogen laser pumped dye laser. Extensive absorption with several submaxima and shoulders, which represent the vibrational structure, has been observed in both molecules in the region covered in the present study. Energy level schemes of the two molecules have been obtained with the help of the ground state absorption and fluorescence spectra recorded for the purpose. The observed structure in the ESSA has been tentatively interpreted to be due to transitions between the different vibrational levels of the lowest excited state S1 and two other upper singlet electronic states S3 and S4 or Sn. The occurrence of transitions from the higher vibrational levels of S1 in addition to those from its lowest vibrational level could be understood on the basis of the fact that the pump and the probe beams are made to overlap for a period of ∼ 6–7 ns during which they interact simultaneously with the dye molecules. A plausible explanation for the relative variation in the strength of different transitions from S0 as well as the observed difference (or otherwise) in the strength of these transitions relative to those of S1 in each molecule is given on the basis of parity/symmetry selection rules. The experimental results obtained and the transition assignments made are being reported for the first time.
Transitioning from Marketing-Oriented Design to User-Oriented Design: A Case Study

The transition to a new architecture and design for an academic library Web site does not always proceed smoothly. In this case study, a library at a large research university hired an outside Web development contractor to create a new architecture and design for the university's Web site using dotCMS, an open-source content management system. The library participated in the design and development process along with other campus units. Because the university-wide process focused on marketing the university to prospective students, parents, and donors, the contractor's fact-finding process focused on how the library's site design could incorporate Web 2.0 technologies. The resulting library Web site showcased Web 2.0 technology more than it provided users with access to library resources. The library's users quickly communicated their dissatisfaction and confusion, which led to some immediate changes and a commitment to redesign the site based on expressed and demonstrated user needs. The library then hire...
The firm's demand for daily hours of work: Some implications

This paper starts with an intuitively plausible assumption about the way in which a worker's effectiveness varies over the workday. It develops a number of interesting implications of this assumption. First, in the absence of fixed costs of hiring and premium pay for overtime, hours per day per worker desired by the firm would not vary with the wage. Second, with fixed costs of hiring and a premium-pay-for-overtime requirement, there is likely to be a bunching of firms with desired workdays of eight hours. Third, holding hiring costs constant, desired hours will decrease with expected length of stay (expected tenure) of the employee. Fourth, the framework can be used to analyze the way in which increases in the minimum wage affect both hours per worker and the number of employees.
Temperature dependence of the kinetics of the reaction Al+O2→AlO+O

Abstract The temperature and pressure dependence of the rate constant for the reaction Al+O2 has been measured by observing both Al disappearance and AlO appearance. No pressure dependence is observed from 10 to 100 Torr total pressure of Ar at room temperature. Over the range 298–1083 K, a fit to the measured data yields the expression k(T) = (1.62±0.13) × 10−10 cm3 s−1 exp[(−0.16±0.08) kcal mol−1/RT].
Strongly minimal fusions of vector spaces

Abstract We provide a simple and transparent construction of Hrushovski's strongly minimal fusions in the case where the fused strongly minimal sets are vector spaces. We strengthen Hrushovski's result by showing that the strongly minimal fusions are model complete.
Medical marijuana diversion and associated problems in adolescent substance treatment.

Abstract Background The prevalence of medical marijuana diversion among adolescents in substance treatment and the relationship between medical marijuana diversion and marijuana attitudes, availability, peer disapproval, frequency of use and substance-related problems are not known. Methods 80 adolescents (15–19 years) in outpatient substance treatment in Denver, Colorado, completed an anonymous questionnaire developed for the study and the Drug Use Screening Inventory-Revised (DUSI-R). The proportion ever obtaining marijuana from someone with a medical marijuana license was calculated. Those ever obtaining marijuana from someone with a medical marijuana license were compared to those never obtaining medical marijuana with respect to marijuana attitudes, availability, peer disapproval, frequency of use, DUSI-R substance use problem and overall problem score using Chi-Square analyses and independent t -tests. Results 39 (48.8%) reported ever obtaining marijuana from someone with a medical marijuana license. A significantly greater proportion of those reporting medical marijuana diversion, compared to those who did not, reported very easy marijuana availability, no friend disapproval of regular marijuana use and greater than 20 times of marijuana use per month over the last year. The diversion group compared to the no diversion group also reported more substance use problems and overall problems on the DUSI-R. Conclusions Diversion of medical marijuana is common among adolescents in substance treatment. These data support a relationship between medical marijuana exposure and marijuana availability, social norms, frequency of use, substance-related problems and general problems among teens in substance treatment. Adolescent substance treatment should address the impact of medical marijuana on treatment outcomes.