cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Prediction of polymer crystal structures and properties

The simulation of the packing of polymer molecules in crystals is, in a sense, computationally simple. The number of degrees of freedom to be considered is quite limited; they are comprised only of the atom coordinates of the repeat unit and the unit cell parameters. Energy minimization serves to define the structure and often yields very useful results. Computer strategies can be designed to allow simultaneous optimization of the internal molecular geometry and the crystal packing. A number of useful crystal properties can be calculated in addition to finding the structure. However, because the molecules can usually pack in a number of stable forms, the application actually can be far from simple. These various forms have to be discovered. The evaluation of their relative stability puts great demands on the quality of the empirical force field parameters.
Nontarget Effects of Biological Control: What are We Trying to Miss?

The history of pest management in general (Perkins 1982), and biological control in particular (Coppel and Mertins 1977, Caltagirone 1981, Goeden 1988, Van Driesche and Bellows 1996), has been thoroughly analyzed in terms of the dominant practices and how these actions relate to competing philosophies of ecological intervention (e.g., integrated vs. total pest management). While it is evident how environmentalism, as a social phenomenon, has altered the forms and concepts of pest management, it is not so clear how ecology, as a scientific discipline, might change the field of pest management. A great deal of work has been dedicated to the notion of “nontarget” effects, particularly as they relate to chemical control methods, but only recently have we begun to critically assess what exactly constitutes a “nontarget.” From a simple perspective this would seem to be self-evident—all organisms other than the pest are nontargets. However, this tautological approach does little to advance the science of pest management, and it is clear that in practice, the nature of the targets and nontargets is far from simple. The (re)conceptualization of the target can lead to important changes in pest management (e.g., defining the target based on an economic threshold, USDA 1996). Extending these principles to our understanding of nontargets promises to open new avenues for monitoring and protecting those elements that we wish to protect from the hazards of pest management practices in general, and biological control in particular.
Extracellular Structures in Heart Muscle

The extracellular matrix of heart muscle contains a considerable variety of structures. We have systematically studied the morphology of these structures using several methods of fixation and microscopy. Endomysial connections between cells are comprised of struts of collagen [1] as well as combinations of elastin fibers, collagen fibers, and microfibrils. The rest of the extracellular matrix is filled with a polyanionic lattice of unit collagen fibrils, microthreads, and granules. In the course of these investigations, we have observed regions of structural continuity across the sarcolemma, from endomysial collagen struts to Z-bands. We have also correlated the mechanical resistance to stretch with orientation of epimysial collagen fibers and sarcomere lengths in living as well as fixed rat papillary muscles. Our observations suggest that the extracellular skeletal framework plays an important role in normal cardiac function.
Is There a Biofeedback Response to Art Therapy? A Technology-Assisted Approach for Reducing Anxiety and Stress in College Students:

College students are exposed to daily stressors throughout their academic careers, which can have lasting consequences to their health and well-being. Mindfulness practices, art therapy, and the si...
A Clinical Approach to Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation for Speech and Swallow in an Acute Rehabilitation Facility

Purpose Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (NMES) is a widely used treatment modality for dysphagia therapy despite the inconclusive evidence of its effectiveness. Our objective was to complete a...
Leadership and behavioral integrity in the restaurant industry: the moderating roles of gender

AbstractThis study examined the effect of follower’s gender on the relationship between leaders’ enacted behavioral integrity (objective manipulation), follower’s perception of leaders’ behavioral ...
A Model of Debt with Bankruptcy Risk and Currency Devaluation

The paper studies a system of Hamilton-Jacobi equations, arising from a stochastic optimal debt management problem in an infinite time horizon with exponential discount, modeled as a noncooperative interaction between a borrower and a pool of risk-neutral lenders. In this model, the borrower is a sovereign state that can decide how much to devaluate its currency and which fraction of its income should be used to repay the debt. Moreover, the borrower has the possibility of going bankrupt at a random time and must declare bankruptcy if the debt reaches a threshold x*. When bankruptcy occurs, the lenders only recover a fraction of their capital. To offset the possible loss of part of their investment, the lenders buy bonds at a discounted price which is not given a priori. This leads to a nonstandard optimal control problem. We establish an existence result of solutions to this system and in turn recover optimal feedback payment strategy $u*(x)$ and currency devaluation $v*(x)$. In addition, the behavior of $(u*,v*)$ near $0$ and x* is studied.
Environmental Determinants of Recruitment Success of Subalpine Fir (Abies lasiocarpa) in a Mixed-Conifer Forest

Understanding the processes that underlie forest resilience is of increasing importance as climate change and shifting disturbance regimes continue to impact western forests. Forest research and management efforts within the low-diversity conifer forests of the U.S. Rocky Mountains have typically focused on relatively monotypic stands dominated by a single cohort, but mixed-conifer stands, such as those codominated by Abies lasiocarpa and Pinus contorta have been less widely studied. The presence of A. lasiocarpa may enhance resilience to fire- and mountain pine beetle–induced mortality and depends on successful A. lasiocarpa recruitment under a range of environmental conditions. The purpose of this study was to quantify the effects of key forest structural characteristics and environmental conditions on recruitment of A. lasiocarpa in a midelevation mixed-conifer forest in the central Rocky Mountains. To address this aim, A. lasiocarpa seedling density, light availability, neighborhood basal area, and soil fertility were measured across 24 plots, and the relative effects of each measured variable, temperature, and precipitation on seedling density were quantified within a Bayesian multilevel regression model. Model results showed nonsignificant effects of climate, light availability, and neighborhood index on seedling density; a significant positive association between seedling density and the interaction between soil fertility and neighborhood index; and a strong negative relationship between seedling density and soil fertility. We posit that the negative association with soil fertility in these nutrient-poor forests reflects an underlying gradient in soil moisture availability that corresponds with water flux pathways. Ultimately, much of the variance in seedling densities was explained by latent plot and year effects, indicating that A. lasiocarpa establishment in this mixed-conifer forest is likely governed by a complex suite of environmental factors that vary across fine spatiotemporal scales.
Proximity-Based Sensor Fusion of Depth Cameras and Isotropic Rad-Detectors

Finding and tracking radioactive sources have numerous security applications in civilian energy installations, military facilities, and ports of entry. The price of radiological sensors varies proportionally to size and imaging characteristics such as angular resolution, and the cheapest devices are nearly isotropic–i.e., they integrate radiation from a sphere of directions centered at the sensor. While many radiation sensors have high aspect ratios or odd shapes, the sensors used here are right cylinders, with a near identical directional efficiency such that for analysis purposes, other aspects, such as counting statistics, would make nonisotropy of the sensor negligible. In this article, we propose a simple and robust way to integrate measurements from both isotropic radiological sensors and depth sensors, whose reliability and resolution benefit from recent advances in computer vision and imaging. Our key idea is to convert all sensor measurements into proximity signals based on radial distance variations over time. Based on this sensor fusion model, we show that for moving radiological sources even a simple Kalman filter can trade-off the complementary strength of high-resolution depth sensors and isotropic radiological sensors. We show novel results with a LIDAR sensor and a thermal stereo pair, and demonstrate applications such as tracking and rendering non-line-of-sight imagery behind obstacles and detecting multiple radiological sources in the same scene.
Targeting glutamine metabolism slows soft tissue sarcoma growth

Tumour cells frequently utilize glutamine to meet bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of rapid cell growth. However, glutamine dependence can be highly variable between in vitro and in vivo settings, based on surrounding microenvironments and complex adaptive responses to glutamine deprivation. Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are mesenchymal tumours where cytotoxic chemotherapy remains the primary approach for metastatic or unresectable disease. Therefore, it is critical to identify alternate therapies to improve patient outcomes. Using autochthonous STS murine models and unbiased metabolomics, we demonstrate that glutamine metabolism supports sarcomagenesis. STS subtypes expressing elevated glutaminase (GLS) levels are highly sensitive to glutamine starvation. In contrast to previous studies, treatment of autochthonous tumour-bearing animals with Telaglenastat (CB-839), an orally bioavailable GLS inhibitor, successfully inhibits undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) tumour growth. We reveal glutamine metabolism as critical for sarcomagenesis, with CB-839 exhibiting potent therapeutic potential.
Comparison of Mucosal and Intramuscular Immunization against SARS-CoV-2 with Replication-Defective and Replicating Single-cycle Adenovirus Vaccines

SARS-CoV-2 enters the body at mucosal surfaces, such as the nose and lungs. These events involve a small number of virions at these mucosal barriers and are therefore a strategic point to stop a COVID-19 infection before it starts. Despite this, most vaccines against COVID-19 are being injected into the muscle where they will not generate the highest levels of mucosal protection. The vaccines that are approved for use in humans are all replication-defective (RD) mRNA, DNA, or adenovirus (Ad) vaccines that do not amplify antigen transgenes. We developed single cycle adenovirus (SC-Ad) vectors that replicate antigen genes up to 10,000-fold in human cells, but that are disabled from producing infectious Ad particles. We show here that SC-Ad expressing the full-length SARS-CoV-2 spike protein produces 100-fold more spike protein than a matched RD-Ad-Spike vector. When Ad-permissive hamsters were immunized with these vaccines by intranasal (IN) or intramuscular (IM) routes, SC-Ad produced significantly stronger antibody responses as compared to RD-Ad against the spike protein that rose over 14 weeks after one immunization. Single IN or IM immunizations generated significant antibody responses in serum and in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs). IN priming, but not IM priming, generated HLA-restricted CD8 T cell responses in BALs. SC-Ad-Spike generated antibodies that retain binding to spike receptor binding domains (RBDs) with mutations from new viral variants. These data suggest empowering the genomes of gene-based vaccines with the ability to amplify antigen genes can increase potency. This may be particularly advantageous when applying mucosal vaccines to combat mucosal pathogens like SARS-CoV-2. One Sentence SummaryArming adenovirus vaccines with the ability to replicate vaccine antigen genes may increase potency for systemic, or more importantly, mucosal immunization against mucosal pathogens.
Microvascular disease and cardiovascular outcomes among individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Abstract Aim To evaluate the associations of microvascular disease (MVD) with incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 4098 participants with type 2 diabetes and without CVD were assessed for MVD (diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy or neuropathy) in the Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) study. Cox models were used to generate hazard ratios (HRs) for: (1) CVD composite (myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalization for angina and/or death from cardiovascular causes), (2) coronary artery disease (CAD), (3) stroke, and (4) CVD-related deaths. Results Of 4098 participants, 34.7% (n = 1424) had MVD at baseline. Over a median of 9.5 years, 487 developed the CVD composite, 410 CAD events, 100 stroke, and 54 CVD-related deaths. After adjusting for relevant confounders, MVD was associated with increased risks of CVD composite (HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.11–1.61), CAD (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.52), stroke (HR 1.55, 95% CI 1.03–2.33), and cardiovascular mortality (HR 1.26, 95% CI 0.72–2.22). HRs for CVD composite by type of MVD were 1.11 (95% CI 0.89–1.38), 1.63 (95% CI 1.22–2.17) and 1.16 (95% CI 0.92–1.46) for diabetic kidney disease, retinopathy, and neuropathy, respectively. Conclusions Our findings underscore the relevance of MVD in CVD risk assessment in type 2 diabetes.
Tracking Circus Costume Silhouette Changes Through Time: Visual Archival Research for Functional Apparel Design

Due to the extreme physicality of circus artists' movements and body impact with their various apparatus, it is necessary to devote particular attention to the functional aspects of design in the development of their costumes. Information is needed for the designer to make appropriate decisions about the silhouette, materials, and construction of the garments, and it is important to develop knowledge resources in this area. Archival resources can be used for functional apparel design research if the designer has prior exposure to working with physical performers. Thus, historical artefacts can be used as information sources for designers: from photographs and videos to physical garments, circus materials act as valuable primary references in the design research process. As physical circus costumes may be difficult to access in person, visual materials such as photographs, videos, and circus show programs can be used as references for the development of new designs.
Heteroepitaxy of Dirac semimetal Cd3As2 by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition

Abstract We present progress on the synthesis of semimetal Cd3As2 by metal–organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD). Specifically, we have optimized the growth conditions needed to obtain technologically useful growth rates and acceptable thin-film microstructures, with our studies evaluating the effects of varying the temperature, pressure, and carrier-gas type for MOCVD of Cd3As2 when performed using dimethylcadmium and tertiarybutylarsine precursors. In the course of the optimization studies, exploratory Cd3As2 growths are attempted on GaSb substrates, strain-relaxed InAs buffer layers grown on GaSb substrates, and InAs substrates. Notably, only the InAs-terminated substrate surfaces yield desirable results. Extensive microstructural studies of Cd3As2 thin films on InAs are performed by using multiple advanced imaging microscopies and x-ray diffraction modalities. The studied films are 5–75 nm in thickness and consist of oriented, coalesced polycrystals with lateral domain widths of 30–80 nm. The most optimized films are smooth and specular, exhibiting a surface roughness as low as 1.0 nm rms. Under cross-sectional imaging, the Cd3As2-InAs heterointerface appears smooth and abrupt at a lower film thickness, ~30 nm, but becomes quite irregular as the average thickness increases to ~55 nm. The films are strain-relaxed with a residual biaxial tensile strain (exx = +0.0010) that opposes the initially compressive lattice-mismatch strain of Cd3As2 coherent on InAs (exx = −0.042). Importantly, phase-identification studies find a thin-film crystal structure consistent with the P42/nbc space group, placing MOCVD-grown Cd3As2 among the Dirac semimetals of substantial interest for topological quantum materials studies.
Chemical kinetic basis of synergistic blending for research octane number

Abstract Utilizing kinetic simulations with the Co-Optimization of Fuels & Engines (Co-Optima) mechanism, the research octane number (RON) of various synergistic blendstocks at several blend levels in a four-component surrogate were predicted and compared against measured values. The blendstocks investigated include dimethylfuran (DMF), 2-methylfuran (2MF), prenol, 2-methyl-2-butene (2M2B), and ethanol—selected because of their nonlinear blending or synergistic behavior. The RON predictions are in excellent agreement with measured values for DMF and ethanol (within 2 RON units), with less satisfying results for 2MF and 2M2B (as much as 6 and 12 RON units off respectively). The predictions for prenol do not even capture the synergistic blending behavior observed experimentally, reflecting the fact that the kinetic model for prenol does not include sufficiently accurate low-temperature chemistry. The kinetic model was interrogated to understand the most important reactions consuming the blendstock and surrogate components, to understand the most important reactions responsible for the synergistic blending behavior. Better synergistic blenders scavenge hydroxyl radicals (OH) by addition reactions rather than hydrogen-abstraction (H-abstraction) reactions. In addition, those blendstocks, such as 2M2B, can form resonance-stabilized radical products, leading to superior RON boosting compared to ethanol. DMF and 2MF were shown to have the highest RON-boosting ability due to the rapid reaction of the OH addition products to other species that pull the OH addition equilibrium toward products.
Physiologic and Pharmacologic Considerations

To provide optimal obstetric anesthetic care, it is essential for the anesthetist1 to know well the maternal physiologic alterations produced by pregnancy, labor and parturition; physiology and pharmacology of the fetal placental complex, and of the forces of labor and how these are altered by analgesics and anesthetics. Unless this knowledge is properly applied, the anesthetist may make a grevious error which may prove disastrous to the mother or the newborn or both. This chapter includes a summary of current knowledge on: a) maternal, physiologic and psychologic changes produced by pregnancy and parturition; b) physiology and pharmacology of the placenta and fetus; c) the physiology and pharmacology of the forces of labor. A summary of the physiology of the newborn is contained in Chapter 10.
A Notification and Recommender Mobile App for Educational Online Discussion: A Design Research Approach

This research presents an information system design theory (ISDT) to integrate a notification and recommendation system (NARS) into online discussion forums on mobile devices. The artifact is designed with respect to awareness and information overload as kernel theories. Furthermore, the design includes an intuitive way to improve the accuracy of short-text clustering used to extract semantic topics from posts. The paper describes a prototype of the design artifact, experiments to evaluate the proposed short-text clustering method, and a survey to evaluate the quality of the artifact prototype.
Decomposition-Based Optimization Procedure for High-Speed Prop-Rotors Using Composite Tailoring

A multilevel optimization procedure is developed to investigate the effect of changes in blade planform and composite tailoring on blade aerodynamic and structural performance of prop-rotor aircraft. Both high-speed cruise and hover performance are considered simultaneously. A composite box beam model is used to represent the principal load carrying member in the rotor blade. The upper level objective is to simultaneously maximize the high-speed cruise propulsive efficiency and the hover figure of merit using planform design variables. Constraints are imposed on other aerodynamic performance requirements and also on the physical dimensions of the blade. The lower-level objective is to reduce the critical tip displacements in both hover and cruise using composite tailoring. Optimization is performed using a nonlinear programming approach in the upper level and integer programming technique in the lower level. Optimum designs are compared with the XV-15 rotor blade performance at 300 kn, which is used as a baseline or reference design, and also with the results obtained from a purely aerodynamic optimization procedure. The results show significant improvements in both the aerodynamic and structural performance.
Outpatient or hospital day-care for minor gynecologic procedures.

Abstract A five-year private practice experience with hospital outpatient day-care program for minor gynecological procedures is reported. A total of 175 patients was studied. Among these were 133 diagnostic curettages, 27 curettages for incomplete abortion, and 15 cold cone biopsies of the cervix with fractional curettage. All patients were given general anesthesia. Proper suturing of the cervix eliminated postoperative hemorrhage following cold-knife cone biopsy. Limiting preoperative medication to atropine and short-acting general anesthesia made possible early discharge of the patient.
An unexpected version of horror autotoxicus: anaphylactic shock to a self-peptide

EAE can refer either to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis or experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. Although EAE is classically a prototypic T helper 1 (TH1) cell–mediated autoimmune disease, it can also be induced by TH2 cells. Characteristically, the most severe manifestation of allergy, anaphylaxis, is associated with exposure to a foreign antigen that is often derived from medication, insect venom or food. We report here that, after self-tolerance to myelin is destroyed, anaphylaxis may be triggered by a self-antigen, in this case a myelin peptide. “Horror autotoxicus”, which was initially described by Ehrlich, may not only include autoimmunity to self, it may also encompass immediate hypersensitivity to self, which leads to shock and rapid death.
THE INFLUENCE OF WORLD SOCIETAL FORCES ON SOCIAL TOLERANCE. A TIME COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PREJUDICES IN 32 COUNTRIES

Societal variation in xenophobia, homophobia, and other prejudices is frequently explained by the economic background and political history of different countries. This article expands these explanations by considering the influence of world societal factors on individual attitudes. The empirical analysis is based on survey data collected within the World Value Survey and European Values Study framework between 1989 and 2010. Data are combined to a three-wave cross-sectional design including about 130,000 respondents from 32 countries. Results show that xenophobia and homophobia are influenced by the national political history, societal affluence, and the presence of international organizations. Global forces, however, are of particular importance for homophobia.
The Vikings and Baron Dupuytren's Disease

Dupuytren’s disease (DD) is an ancient affliction of unknown origin. It is defined by Dorland as shortening, thickening, and fibrosis of the palmar fascia producing a flexion deformity of a finger. Tradition has it that the disease originated with the Vikings, who spread it throughout Northern Europe and beyond as they traveled and intermarried. After being present for hundreds of years, DD was named in the 19th century after a famous French surgeon, who was not the first to describe it. This article reviews the history of DD and describes its incidence, clinical manifestations, and treatment.
Neural Development, Models of

Models of neural development attempt to produce precise mathematical and computational descriptions of the biological mechanisms that regulate the formation of the nervous system. Keywords: theoretical models; computational models; Hebbian learning; axon guidance; pattern formation
Effect of Hand Spacing and Rear Knee Angle on the Sprinter's Start.

Abstract Twelve male subjects with no specialized training in sprint running were used to study effects upon the sprinter's start when hand spacing and rear knee angle were systematically altered. Results indicated that hand spacing had an effect on the start during the first 10 yd. of the sprint. The effect of rear knee angle was present at 10 yd. and the advantage gained at 10 yd. was still present at 30 yd.
Giant axonal neuropathy: An updated perspective on its pathology and pathogenesis

Giant axonal neuropathy (GAN) is a rare pediatric neurodegenerative disease. It is best known for the "giant" axons caused by accumulations of intermediate filaments. The disease is progressive, with onset around age 3 years and death by the third decade of life. GAN results from recessive mutations in the GAN gene encoding gigaxonin, and our analysis of all reported mutations shows that they are distributed throughout the protein structure. Precisely how these mutations cause the disease remains to be determined. In addition to changes in peripheral nerves that are similar to those seen in neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2, GAN patients exhibit a wide range of central nervous system signs. These features, corroborated by degeneration of central tracts apparent from postmortem pathology, indicate that GAN is also a progressive neurodegenerative disease. To reflect this phenotype more precisely, we therefore propose that the disease should be more appropriately referred to as "giant axonal neurodegeneration."
Direct synthesis and NMR characterization of calcium alanate

In this work, we present a new synthesis path and characterization results of the alanate, Ca(AlH_4)_2. We have synthesized for the first time, calcium alanate, directly from starting mixtures of AlH_3 and CaH_2 using mechanosynthesis. Ca(AlH_4)_2 has been identified using magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS-NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) measurements.
Synthesis and properties of trimethylsilyl derivatives of vitamin B6

In our studies on the biosynthesis of vitamin B6 in yeast (2), we are confronted with the problem of a fairly rapid assay of the different forms (known and unknown) of this nutrient that are excreted into the culture medium. The existing assay procedures for vitamin B6 are subject to at least one of several restrictions. They are time consuming, incapable of distinguishing between the three forms of the vitamin (pyridoxol, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine), or preclude the regeneration and reisolation of the material after analysis.
Morphology and cellular origins of substrate-attached material from mouse fibroblasts.

Abstract Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has been used to determine the pattern of reorganization of substrate-bound cell surface material during attachment of Swiss 3T3 mouse fibroblasts to fresh serum-coated glass substrates after prior detachment with the Ca2+-specific chelator EGTA (ethylene-bis-(oxyethylenenitrilo)-tetraacetic acid). A limited number of filopodia make contact with the substrate surface and branch into finger-like extensions. A thin web-like membrane organizes between these filopodial extensions to eventually form mature footpads which appear to have a limited size. Footpads appear to be the principal morphological entities mediating cell substrate adhesion. The mechanism of EGTA-mediated detachment of cells and the morphology of the substrate attached material (SAM) left adherent to the substrate after complete removal of cells have also been examined. EGTA treatment results in cell Founding, with minimal effects on the morphology of the adhesive footpads which remain linked to the cell body via stressed retraction fibers. These stressed fibers eventually break, leaving footpads on the substrate as SAM and liberating the cell body into suspension. This evidence suggests that EGTA treatment minimally affects adhesive materials in the footpad site but disorganizes the cytoskeleton of the cell with resultant shearing of the cell body away from the footpads. The size, morphology, and pattern of SAM left on the substrate establish that it is essentially footpad material. SAM from highly-spread cells appears to be virtually-intact footpads, while SAM from attaching cells appears to be disrupted footpad material. These results are discussed in terms of the morphological and biochemical organization of the footpad adhesion sites of cells.
Gestural development, dual-directional signaling, and the transition to words

Although language researchers have often noted the frequency with which gestures accompany children’s first words (e.g., Dore, 1974), only recently have they begun to explore the acquisition of these gestures and to inquire into the role they may play in children’s transition to early verbal communication. Bruner (1975a) and Bates and her colleagues (Bates, Camaioni, & Volterra, 1975; Bates, Benigni, Bretherton, Camaioni, & Volterra, 1977; 1979) have emphasized the functional continuity between prelinguistic and initial linguistic signaling, suggesting that young children’s early communicative intentions are expressed gesturally before they can be encoded in conventional verbal symbols. Thus, the pointing gesture has received particular attention since its object-distinguishing function may be a crucial precursor of verbal naming (Bates et al., 1979; Bruner, 1975a; Lempers, 1979; Lempers, Flavell, & Flavell, 1977; Leung & Rheingold, 1981; Murphy, 1978; Ninio & Bruner, 1978; Werner & Kaplan, 1963).
Liver endothelium desialates ceruloplasmin

Our previous work indicated that ceruloplasmin (CP) is transported through liver endothelium via a receptor-mediated mechanism and is subsequently externalized on the abluminal side. In the present work 125I or 3H-labeled ceruloplasmin was chased through the endothelium and the supernate was subjected to affinity chromatography using RCA120 column. Evidence was obtained that liver endothelium completely desialates CP in the course of its transport. The results substantiated the view that desialated CP is subsequently removed by hepatocytes through asialoglycoprotein receptors.
A Conserved Region in the Amino Terminus of DNA Polymerase δ Is Involved in Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Binding (

Synthetic peptides to selected sequences in human DNA polymerase δ (pol δ) were used to identify the region involved in the interaction of pol δ to proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Peptides corresponding to sequences in five regions in the amino terminus of human pol δ and three in the carboxyl terminus, which are conserved with the yeast homologs of pol δ, were tested. These studies showed that the peptide corresponding to the N2 region (residues 129-149) selectively and specifically inhibited the PCNA stimulation of pol δ. This inhibition was relieved by titration with excess PCNA. The identification of the N-2 region as being involved in PCNA binding was supported by studies that demonstrated that the N2 peptide could bind PCNA. Deletion mutants of pol δ expressed in Sf9 cells provided evidence that the binding region for PCNA was located in the first 182 residues of the amino terminus. These studies provide reasonable evidence that residues within the region 129-149 of pol δ are involved in the binding site for PCNA.
Acute coronary syndrome in ESRD patients

CASE PRESENTATION A 55-year-old male with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) secondary to diabetic nephropathy on hemodialysis for 2 years via a tunneled catheter line was admitted to the Brigham & Women’s Hospital with chest pain. The chest pain was localized to the midline, radiated to the left arm, and was present at rest with no diaphoresis. His cardiac enzymes were elevated (troponin-I of 11.46 ng/ml and creatinine kinase-MB of 30.7 ng/ml) and his electrocardiogram (EKG) showed nonspecific ST–T wave changes that were unchanged from previous EKG 6 months earlier. He had a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) status post coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) 10 months earlier, type 1 diabetes mellitus since the age of 6 years, and peripheral neuropathy, blindness secondary to proliferative retinopathy, gastroparesis, neurogenic bladder, peripheral vascular disease (above-knee amputation of right limb), hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. He had a failed living-related renal transplant because of recurrent diabetic nephropathy and chronic allograft nephropathy after 15 years. He had no history of stroke. His medications included aspirin, metoprolol, simvastatin, gemfibrozil, insulin, calcium acetate, sevelamer, epoeitin alfa, methadone, and hydromorphone hydrochloride. There was no significant family history of cardiovascular or renal disease. On physical examination, he was alert and afebrile, with a blood pressure of 135/60 mmHg, heart rate of 70 beats per minute, respiratory rate of 14 breaths per minute, with an oxygen saturation of 100% on room air and jugular venous pressure of 7 cm. His tunneled catheter site on the right side of the neck was clean, with no tenderness or erythema. Cardiac examination revealed distant heart sounds with no murmurs. The rest of the examination was unremarkable. CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS A clinical diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) (a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (MI)) was made.
Antihypertensive Therapy and the J-curve: Fact or Fiction?

Hypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Despite more than five decades of hypertension treatment, there still exist both a lack of evidence and a clear consensus to answer a fundamental question: What is the optimal blood pressure target in patients with hypertension? Early epidemiologic studies suggested the notion of the lower the blood pressure, the better the outcomes; however, others have demonstrated a J-curve phenomenon with worse outcomes at both low and very high blood pressures. Although the existence of such a J-curve remains a topic of debate, there is now increasing recognition of target organ heterogeneity wherein the optimal blood pressure depends on the target organ in question. For cardiac protection, the current body of evidence does not support a systolic blood pressure goal of lower than 130-140 mmHg. For cerebrovascular protection, however, lower blood pressure seems to be better with a sustained reduction in events down to a systolic blood pressure of 110-120 mmHg. The J-curve phenomenon is therefore both fact and fiction based on the target organ in question.
The Strength-Interval Curve in Cardiac Tissue

The bidomain model describes the electrical properties of cardiac tissue and is often used to simulate the response of the heart to an electric shock. The strength-interval curve summarizes how refractory tissue is excited. This paper analyzes calculations of the strength-interval curve when a stimulus is applied through a unipolar electrode. In particular, the bidomain model is used to clarify why the cathodal and anodal strength-interval curves are different, and what the mechanism of the “dip” in the anodal strength-interval curve is.
MADIT II (Second Multicenter Automated Defibrillator Implantation Trial) Debate Risk Stratification, Costs, and Public Policy

After extensive deliberation, on June 6, 2003, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) reached a long-awaited decision on coverage of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) for patients meeting the clinical profile of the second Multicenter Automated Defibrillator Implantation Trial (MADIT II).1 CMS offered a split decision, extending coverage only to Medicare patients meeting the MADIT II inclusion and exclusion criteria and having a QRS duration >120 ms. Information on and a timeline of the CMS coverage determination process are publicly available at their World Wide Web site,2 which has a link to a detailed decision memorandum.3 Although versions of the “MADIT II debate” have already taken place in many forums, we believe several issues regarding both the trial and the CMS decision require further discussion. We will focus on the intertwined issues of risk stratification and cost that have arisen repeatedly in this debate. The MADIT II debate boils down to the question posed by Dr Alfred Buxton in a recent editorial4: Should all patients with an ejection fraction <30% because of coronary artery disease receive ICDs, regardless of other risk-stratifying tests? Dr Buxton suggested the answer to this question should be “no”: “I believe it is premature to recommend ICDs on the basis of only one trial that may not be generalizable to all patients.”4 Dr Buxton’s remarks and the CMS decision stand in contrast to the otherwise unimpeded march the MADIT II results have made toward clinical acceptance. After publication of MADIT II, the Food and Drug Administration quickly approved the Guidant ICD used in the trial for this new indication, and updated American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology (AHA/ACC/NASPE) consensus guidelines5 recommended the trial’s inclusion/exclusion criteria as a class IIa indication for ICD …
The Architecture Of A Prototype Multimodality Image Viewing Station

As more and more radiological imaging modalities become dependent on digital technology there is a need to bring together digital images for diagnostic comparison. Currently this multimodality display is done by transferring images to film and then displaying them on a light box. In this paper we discuss the hardware and software architecture of a prototype multiple 1024x1024 digital image viewing station. This station is based on the Multimodality Acquisition and Review System (MARS) developed by Gould Incorporated. We present details on MARS hardware and software architecture and discuss our preliminary experience with the system using a sample radiological image data base which we have assembled.© (1984) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Permeability of the syrian hamster placenta to manganous ions during early embryogenesis.

Manganese is an essential trace element in the living system. It is invariably present in its ionic form and is known to participate in a number of biological systems (Cotzias, 1958). Relatively high levels of manganese are required to manifest toxicity. Rats fed massive doses of manganese (1\m=.\73%of the dry diet) show decreased intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphorus (Chornock, Gerrant & Dutcher, 1942). Lambs on a high manganese diet had low liver iron levels and reduced haemoglobin formation (Hartman, Matrone & Wise, 1955). Chronic manganese poisoning, characterized by neurological and psychiatric disorders, is seen among workers handling manganese ores and apparently results from inhalation of manganese oxide dusts (von Oettingen, 1935). Deficiency of the element in animals causes growth retardation, bone abnormalities, degenerative changes in the central nervous and reproductive failure (Cotzias, 1958). A specific example of its importance for the developing embryo is the occurrence of ataxia in the offspring of Mn++-deficient rats (Hurley, Everson & Geiger, 1958). Mutant mice possessing the pallid gene also manifest ataxia which Erway, Hurley & Fraser (1966) found to result from partial or complete absence of otoliths in the inner ear. Hurley and her co\x=req-\ workers showed that a single supplement of Mn++, given specifically on the 14th day of gestation, completely and permanently remedied this condition. Pallid mice also respond to Mn++ supplements but once the critical point in gestation is past the defect cannot be corrected in mutant mice or in the phenocopy rats. These findings strongly suggest that Mn+ + crosses the rodent placental barrier during gestation but so far its passage has not been demonstrated. In this report, we show that the Syrian hamster placenta is permeable to 54Mn++ during the critical stages of organogenesis and have correlated this with our earlier studies of placental transport of metal ions. Timed matings of virgin female hamsters were obtained as described by Ferm (1967). Sufficient carrier-free 54MnCl2 (New England Co.) was added to 2-50 niM-MnCl in demineralized-distilled water to give a solution containing 12-0 /iCi/ml. On Day 8 of gestation, twelve hamsters received an injection into the sublingual vein of 54Mn+ + in doses of 0-5 ml/100 g body weight. On Days 9 and 12 of gestation, six females were killed by chloroform anaesthesia. At
Transitions from order to disorder in multiple dark and multiple dark-bright soliton atomic clouds.

We have performed a systematic study quantifying the variation of solitary wave behavior from that of an ordered cloud resembling a ``crystalline'' configuration to that of a disordered state that can be characterized as a soliton ``gas.'' As our illustrative examples, we use both one-component, as well as two-component, one-dimensional atomic gases very close to zero temperature, where in the presence of repulsive interatomic interactions and of a parabolic trap, a cloud of dark (dark-bright) solitons can form in the one- (two-) component system. We corroborate our findings through three distinct types of approaches, namely a Gross-Pitaevskii type of partial differential equation, particle-based ordinary differential equations describing the soliton dynamical system, and Monte Carlo simulations for the particle system. We define an ``empirical'' order parameter to characterize the order of the soliton lattices and study how this changes as a function of the strength of the ``thermally'' (i.e., kinetically) induced perturbations. As may be anticipated by the one-dimensional nature of our system, the transition from order to disorder is gradual without, apparently, a genuine phase transition ensuing in the intermediate regime.
Chemoreirradiation for recurrent salivary gland malignancies

Abstract Background and purpose To report our experience in treating recurrent salivary gland malignancies using concurrent chemotherapy and reirradiation. Materials and methods Between 1986 and 2007, 14 patients with locoregionally recurrent salivary gland cancer underwent maximal surgical resection followed by adjuvant 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea-based chemotherapy concurrently with 1.5 Gy twice daily or 2 Gy daily reirradiation. Each cycle consisted of chemoreirradiation for 5 consecutive days followed by a 9-day break. The median reirradiation dose was 66 Gy (R 30–72 Gy) after a mean radiation treatment interval of 48 months. Results The median follow-up for all patients was 18 months (R 2–125 months) and 41 months for survivors. The parotid gland ( n = 6) and minor salivary glands ( n = 6) were involved more commonly than the submandibular gland ( n = 2). Locoregional control at 1 and 3 years was 72.2% and 51.6%, respectively. Actuarial overall survival at 3 and 5 years was 35.7% and 26.8%, respectively. Tracheostomies and feeding tubes were placed in 2 and 8 patients, respectively. Six patients had feeding tubes at last follow-up or death. Conclusions Concurrent chemotherapy and reirradiation for recurrent salivary malignancies result in promising locoregional control for patients with recurrent salivary gland malignancies.
Central Government Limitations on Local Policy Options for Environmental Protection

The advantages of centralized environmental policy-making are widely assumed, but a corrective may be overdue. Central government environmental policy limits local policy options in at least three ways: (1) through federal pre-emption imposing solutions on local government; (2) through federal mandating of policy for implementation by subnational government; or (3) through federal disincentives to local adoption of innovative solutions. These constraints are illustrated by policy controlling the disposal of high-level radioactive waste, hazardous waste, and solid waste, respectively. The constraining effect of central environmental policy is felt regardless of whether the formal structure of environmental rule-making and implementation is centralized or decentralized. The analysis suggests the need for greater flexibility and coordination in the geographic structuring of environmental policy-making.
Rare Pleural Tumors

Primary pleural tumors other than mesothelioma account for fewer than 1% of all lung cancers, and consequently they pose diagnostic and management challenges. Their treatment must be targeted toward the specific tumor type and is often quite different from the treatment for mesothelioma or metastases. Despite the best efforts at diagnosing and treating these tumors, the prognosis associated with some of the benign and many of the malignant variants of these tumors remains poor. In this review, we describe the radiologic and pathologic features of the less common primary pleural tumors and propose a diagnostic approach to their evaluation.
Physical chemistry of proteins

Proteins: Structures and Molecular Principles. By Thomas E. Creighton. W. H. Freeman: 1984. Pp.515. $26, £28.95.
Culture Revisited: Vygotsky's Ideas in Brazil

This article discusses the confluence of the Vygotskian cultural-historical psychology with the Brazilian school of critical pedagogy and the experiences of alternative schooling in Brazil. It examines the present reform of the public school system in the city of Belo Horizonte and the role of some of Vygotsky's ideas in complementing and expanding the theoretical basis of critical pedagogy and illuminating the historical praxis of the struggle for equity in education. The Brazilian experience of alternative schooling, which already has a long tradition and a wealth of accumulated experience in the 20th century, challenges the traditional notions of school and the narrow views of literacy and learning that lead to the instrumentalization of schooling. Building upon that experience, critical pedagogy developed a comprehensive view of the educational process as one of development and liberation of the total human being and of education for social participation and democratic development. Vygotsky's notions on human development and education bring a new theoretical contribution to the Brazilian experience, which in turn can provide a new perspective for the reading of some of the key concepts of cultural-historical psychology. CRITICAL PEDAGOGY,
Designing: Rules, types and worlds

Abstract Protocols of seven practised designers, all undertaking a common design exercise, have been analysed for patterns of reasoning and use of design rules. Patterns of reasoning were found to be shared among designers and not significantly different from reasoning in everyday life. Rules were largely implicit, overlapping, diverse, variously applied, contextually dependent, subject to exceptions and to critical modification. It is argued that rules are derived from underlying types - functional building types, references, spatial gestalts and experiential archetypes - that serve as ‘holding environments’ for design knowledge.
The eleventh motion constant of the two-body problem

The two-body problem is a twelfth-order time-invariant dynamic system, and therefore has eleven mutually-independent time-independent integrals, here referred to as motion constants. Some of these motion constants are related to the ten mutually-independent algebraic integrals of the n-body problem, whereas some are particular to the two-body problem. The problem can be decomposed into mass-center and relative-motion subsystems, each being sixth-order and each having five mutually-independent motion constants. This paper presents solutions for the eleventh motion constant, which relates the behavior of the two subsystems. The complete set of mutually-independent motion constants describes the shape of the state-space trajectories. The use of the eleventh motion constant is demonstrated in computing a solution to a two-point boundary-value problem.