cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Five-year outcomes of the PYTHAGORAS U.S. clinical trial of the Aorfix endograft for endovascular aneurysm repair in patients with highly angulated aortic necks

Abstract Objective Early and midterm outcomes of the Prospective Aneurysm Trial: High Angle Aorfix Bifurcated Stent Graft (PYTHAGORAS) trial in patients with highly angulated aortic necks (≥60 degrees) have already been published and shown comparable outcomes to other endografts in normal anatomy. Herein, we present the long-term outcomes of the PYTHAGORAS trial of Aorfix (Lombard Medical, Irvine, Calif) for patients with highly angulated aortic neck anatomy. Methods The Aorfix endograft is a highly conformable nitinol/polyester device designed for transrenal fixation. The U.S. trial enrolled 218 patients and observed all patients at 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months and then annually for a total of 5 years. Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR)-specific complications were compared between the standard-angle ( Results Of the 218 patients enrolled in the trial, there were 67 patients in the standard-angle neck group (I) and 151 patients in the highly angulated neck group (II). Mean proximal neck angle was 45 degrees in group I vs 83 degrees in group II ( P P ≥ .27). The 5-year freedom from all-cause mortality was 69% (73% in group I vs 68% in group II; P = .43); from aneurysm-related mortality, 96% (99% vs 95%; P = .44); from aneurysm rupture, 99% (99% vs 99%; P = 1.0); and from device-related secondary intervention, 83% (88% vs 80%; P = .18). None of these differed between groups. Conclusions The U.S. PYTHAGORAS trial of the Aorfix endograft is the first EVAR clinical trial to include a majority of highly angulated (≥60 degrees) infrarenal aortic necks and is the first to produce evidence after 5 years of implantation. Despite predictors of worse short- and long-term outcomes, pertinent outcomes were better than or similar to those of trials with less severe anatomy. These results support the use of this "on-label" endovascular option, particularly in patients with highly angulated aortic neck anatomy.
Patterned Plasmonic Surfaces—Theory, Fabrication, and Applications in Biosensing

Low-profile patterned plasmonic surfaces are synergized with a broad class of silicon microstructures to greatly enhance near-field nanoscale imaging, sensing, and energy harvesting coupled with far-field free-space detection. This concept has a clear impact on several key areas of interest for the microelectromechanical systems community, including but not limited to ultra-compact microsystems for sensitive detection of small number of target molecules, and “surface” devices for optical data storage, micro-imaging, and displaying. In this paper, we review the current state-of-the-art in plasmonic theory, as well as derive design guidance for plasmonic integration with microsystems, fabrication techniques, and selected applications in biosensing, including refractive-index based label-free biosensing, plasmonic integrated lab-on-chip systems, plasmonic near-field scanning optical microscopy, and plasmonics on-chip systems for cellular imaging. This paradigm enables low-profile conformal surfaces on microdevices, rather than bulk material or coatings, which provide clear advantages for physical, chemical, and biological-related sensing, imaging, and light harvesting, in addition to easier realization, enhanced flexibility, and tunability. [2016-0294]
Infrapatellar Fat Pad Impingement: A Systematic Review.

Infrapatellar fat pad impingement represents a source of anterior knee pain that is often overlooked. Due to the scarcity of reports related to this disorder, we conducted a systematic review of the literature related to infrapatellar fat pad impingement in evaluating the following: (1) clinical presentation, (2) imaging, (3) management, and (4) clinical outcomes. A systematic review was conducted investigating all available primary literature related to the clinical presentation, imaging, management, and outcomes of infrapatellar fat pad impingement syndrome. A total of 15 studies (9 case reports, 1 case series, and 5 retrospective studies) comprising 167 patients met eligibility criteria for this review. Patients with infrapatellar fat pad impingement were found to most often present with anterior knee pain that worsened with activity, and was frequently associated with trauma. Anterior knee pain, tenderness to palpation over the patellar tendon, loss in terminal extension, and pain with direct pressure on the medial or lateral side of the patella with the knee extended was often found on examination. Although patients may have classic imaging findings on magnetic resonance imaging (localized edema of the infrapatellar fat pad, deep fluid-filled infrapatellar bursa, nonvisualization of clefts, fibrosis, and calcifications), not all patients had positive imaging findings, thus making infrapatellar fat pad impingement a clinical diagnosis. Treatment begins with nonoperative management, but in recalcitrant cases, patients can be surgically treated with arthroscopic fat pad resection. Most patients who undergo operative treatment report improvement or complete resolution of symptoms in terms of pain and range of motion, and are able to return to work. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive review on infrapatellar fat pad impingement to better aid the orthopaedic surgeons in diagnosing, treating, and managing patient expectations for this often overlooked knee pathology.
On the impacts of computing daily temperatures as the average of the daily minimum and maximum temperatures

Abstract Daily temperature values are generally computed as the average of the daily minimum and maximum observations, which can lead to biases in the estimation of daily averaged values. This study examines the impacts of these biases on the calculation of climatology and trends in temperature extremes at 409 sites in North America with at least 25 years of complete hourly records. Our results show that the calculation of daily temperature based on the average of minimum and maximum daily readings leads to an overestimation of the daily values of ~ 10+ % when focusing on extremes and values above (below) high (low) thresholds. Moreover, the effects of the data processing method on trend estimation are generally small, even though the use of the daily minimum and maximum readings reduces the power of trend detection (~ 5–10% fewer trends detected in comparison with the reference data).
Bacteriorhodopsin-like channelrhodopsins: Alternative mechanism for control of cation conductance

The recently discovered cation-conducting channelrhodopsins in cryptophyte algae are far more homologous to haloarchaeal rhodopsins, in particular the proton pump bacteriorhodopsin (BR), than to earlier known channelrhodopsins. They uniquely retain the two carboxylate residues that define the vectorial proton path in BR in which Asp-85 and Asp-96 serve as acceptor and donor, respectively, of the photoactive site Schiff base (SB) proton. Here we analyze laser flash-induced photocurrents and photochemical conversions in Guillardia theta cation channelrhodopsin 2 (GtCCR2) and its mutants. Our results reveal a model in which the GtCCR2 retinylidene SB chromophore rapidly deprotonates to the Asp-85 homolog, as in BR. Opening of the cytoplasmic channel to cations in GtCCR2 requires the Asp-96 homolog to be unprotonated, as has been proposed for the BR cytoplasmic channel for protons. However, reprotonation of the GtCCR2 SB occurs not from the Asp-96 homolog, but by proton return from the earlier protonated acceptor, preventing vectorial proton translocation across the membrane. In GtCCR2, deprotonation of the Asp-96 homolog is required for cation channel opening and occurs >10-fold faster than reprotonation of the SB, which temporally correlates with channel closing. Hence in GtCCR2, cation channel gating is tightly coupled to intramolecular proton transfers involving the same residues that define the vectorial proton path in BR.
A 40Gb/s 6pJ/b RX baseband in 28nm CMOS for 60GHz polarization MIMO

To meet burgeoning demand for PAN connectivity between content-rich consumer devices, the next-generation 60GHz standard [1] supports higher per-user bandwidth with frequency-channel bonding and enhances frequency reuse with MIMO. At millimeter-wave frequencies, orthogonal polarizations (pol) of propagation provide an additional degree of antenna/frequency reuse for MIMO multiplexing [2]. While the associated 2x increase in data-rate is promising, the feasibility of a simultaneous dual-pol (DP) link may be limited by cross-pol interference (CPI) (both same-symbol and multipath) and co-pol multipath reflection-based ISI. To efficiently mitigate CPI and ISI and enable 60GHz 2×2 DP-MIMO operation, this work demonstrates a mixed-signal pol-equalizer RX baseband with CDR (Fig. 9.4.1). The design supports equalization of QPSK/16-QAM constellations up to 5Gsymbols/s (Gsym/s) similar to 3x channel bonding [1].
Imaging of Brain Function Using Deoxyhemoglobin and Magnetic Fields

In the two decades since its discovery, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has seen a revolution in its ability to image brain function, going from early experiments demonstrating relatively course images of activity in the visual cortex, to mapping cortical columns, and to “brain reading” that constructs mental experiences of an individual, all using the fact that we were endowed with a complex paramagnetic molecule sequestered in our blood vessels and that neuronal activity has spatially-specific metabolic and physiologic consequences. These developments owe their success in part to significant improvements in our understanding of underlying mechanisms operative in functional imaging. These mechanisms and how they come into different data collection schemes are reviewed in this chapter. At the same time, we have seen major advances and refinements in instrumentation, which are also touched upon in this chapter, such as the introduction of ultrahigh field instruments with ever increasing capabilities, novel data acquisition strategies, and new image analysis methods, all of which also dramatically improve data quality. Some of these developments have not yet been incorporated into routine use. If history is a guide, however, the fantastically dynamic nature of the MR methodology, and the very large amount of effort committed to this field of research would predict that in a decade or two, fMRI may be performed using totally different approaches and provide substantially better information than the richness we experience with techniques at the cutting edge today.
An online battery impedance spectrum measurement method with increased frequency resolution

This paper presents a perturbation method in order to increase the frequency resolution when measuring the online battery impedance spectrum based on a previously proposed method that utilizes closed-loop control of DC-DC power converter. By adding pulse waveform perturbation to the output voltage reference of power converter, the responses of battery voltage and current contain harmonic components at the odd and the even harmonics of perturbation frequency and not only the odd harmonic components. Discrete fast Fourier (DFT) or fast Fourier transform (FFT) analysis is applied to battery voltage and current to extract the harmonic components. Then based on Ohm's law, the harmonic components can be used to calculate battery impedance at different frequencies. The high frequency resolution of the battery impedance spectrum measurement of this paper enables to obtain impedance at frequencies of interest with shorter time and under the same conditions of operation. The presented method is verified using a proof-of-concept experimental prototype.
Effect of Mediterranean Diet Components on Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are caused by impairment in insulin secretion, insulin resistance, and β-cell dysfunction. In contrast, metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity linked to an excess of visceral fat, impaired fasting glucose, insulin resistance, hypertension, endothelial cell dysfunction, and dyslipidemia. Consumption of healthy diet contributes to good health and longevity. Diet components not only provide energy and building material but also have ability to protect against acute and chronic visceral and brain diseases. Good nutrition, daily exercise, and adequate sleep are the foundations for maintaining optimal health. Long-term consumption of western diet, which has high sugar and lipid, low fiber, and high salt, produces obesity, insulin resistance, and hyperglycemia leading to type 2 diabetes and MetS. In contrast, long-term consumption of Mediterranean diet, which is enriched fruits, vegetables, olive oil, garlic, whole grains, fish, and red wine, produces beneficial effects in type 2 diabetes, MetS, and cardiovascular diseases.
Environmental Purchasing in the City of Phoenix

US local governments purchase US$1.72 trillion of goods and services annually that contribute to global climate change and other environmental problems. Cities that successfully implement environmental purchasing policies can mitigate these environmental concerns while saving money and demonstrating their environmental leadership. However, cities confront numerous challenges when implementing an environmental purchasing policy. This chapter identifies the facilitators and barriers of implementing an environmental purchasing policy. It draws on the experiences within the City of Phoenix as an example and offers eight recommendations for how the City of Phoenix and similar cities can integrate environmental purchasing more fully into their existing purchasing processes.
Attentional engagement increases inferior frontal gyrus activity and mutes limbic activity in pediatric bipolar disorder: Meta-analyses of fMRI studies.

Abstract Objectives Attention deficit has been shown to exist in adult and pediatric bipolar disorder across the life span. Given that emotion dysregulation is central to bipolar disorder, this study hypothesizes that emotional circuitry regions are altered along with anomalies in the attentional systems during cognitive deployment in bipolar disorder. Methods An activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis of attentional activities using GingerALE software was completed for adult and pediatric bipolar disorder populations in all published studies till December 2017. The meta-analysis of all fMRI studies included a total of ten pediatric studies (comprised of pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and typically developing (TD) groups) and nine adult patient studies (comprised of adult bipolar disorder (ABD) and healthy control (HC) groups). Results While engaged in attentional tasks, increased activation was seen in inferior frontal gyrus with decreased activation in limbic regions in subjects with PBD, relative to TD. Differential patterns of underactivity were also noted in the dorsal attentional system i.e., frontostriatal circuit (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, right lentiform nucleus and right globus pallidus) in PBD patients relative to the TD. However, we did not see any significant differences between the adult groups i.e., ABD vs. HC. Conclusions In PBD, deploying attentional system potentially improves the fronto-limbic affective circuitry function, despite impaired dorsal attentional system i.e., fronto-striatal circuitry. In contrast, these neural correlates underlying attentional engagement appeared to be not significant in adult BD. Limitations We examined the PBD vs. TD and the ABD vs. HC separately instead of four-way contrast (dual meta-analytic study). Also, attentional tasks were not unidimensional and tend to capture selective and sustained attention along with response inhibition, thereby recruiting multiple brain circuits.
Mechanisms of NAFLD development and therapeutic strategies

There has been a rise in the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), paralleling a worldwide increase in diabetes and metabolic syndrome. NAFLD, a continuum of liver abnormalities from nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), has a variable course but can lead to cirrhosis and liver cancer. Here we review the pathogenic and clinical features of NAFLD, its major comorbidities, clinical progression and risk of complications and in vitro and animal models of NAFLD enabling refinement of therapeutic targets that can accelerate drug development. We also discuss evolving principles of clinical trial design to evaluate drug efficacy and the emerging targets for drug development that involve either single agents or combination therapies intended to arrest or reverse disease progression.
Social Networks and Social Status in Emotionally Disturbed Children.

This short-term longitudinal research investigated the social networks formed by emotionally disturbed children in a residential school. Affiliation patterns were analyzed using both social network analyses and applied sociometric techniques over a 12-week period. The subjects were 10–13 years old. The results indicated that robust peer clusters could be identified in these emotionally disturbed subjects, within-classroom clusters were relatively stable in week-to-week observations, and considerable overlap occurred between the findings of the two measures. Comparisons between the social network analysis and applied sociometric results demonstrate that children who are identified as nuclear members of clusters generally have the highest levels of popularity. Peer-nominated play preferences indicated that cluster members are preferred as playmates by both cluster members and noncluster members. Some methodological and theoretical implications of these findings for the treatment of emotionally disturbed chi...
Alliance Re-formation: Market Uncertainty, Task Inexperience and Termination Routines

My paper investigates the effect of alliance termination conditions on the past partners’ tie re-formation. While the existing literature assumes an alliance forms after termination in the same way...
T-duality and homological mirror symmetry for toric varieties

Abstract Let X Σ be a complete toric variety. The coherent-constructible correspondence κ of Fang et al. (2011) [14] equates P erf T ( X Σ ) with a subcategory Sh c c ( M R ; Λ Σ ) of constructible sheaves on a vector space M R . The microlocalization equivalence μ of Nadler and Zaslow (2009) [27] and Nadler (2009) [25] relates these sheaves to a subcategory Fuk ( T ⁎ M R ; Λ Σ ) of the Fukaya category of the cotangent T ⁎ M R . When X Σ is nonsingular, taking the derived category yields an equivariant version of homological mirror symmetry, DCoh T ( X Σ ) ≅ DFuk ( T ⁎ M R ; Λ Σ ) , which is an equivalence of triangulated tensor categories. The nonequivariant coherent-constructible correspondence κ ¯ of Treumann (preprint) [33] embeds P erf ( X Σ ) into a subcategory S h c ( T R ∨ ; Λ ¯ Σ ) of constructible sheaves on a compact torus T R ∨ . When X Σ is nonsingular, the composition of κ ¯ and microlocalization yields a version of homological mirror symmetry, DCoh ( X Σ ) ↪ DFuk ( T ⁎ T R ; Λ ¯ Σ ) , which is a full embedding of triangulated tensor categories. When X Σ is nonsingular and projective, the composition τ = μ ∘ κ is compatible with T-duality, in the following sense. An equivariant ample line bundle L has a hermitian metric invariant under the real torus, whose connection defines a family of flat line bundles over the real torus orbits. This data produces a T-dual Lagrangian brane L on the universal cover T ⁎ M R of the dual real torus fibration. We prove L ≅ τ ( L ) in Fuk ( T ⁎ M R ; Λ Σ ) . Thus, equivariant homological mirror symmetry is determined by T-duality.
Legal Issues: Copyright Office to Consider DMCA Exemptions

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act, enacted in 1998, includes a controversial provision which prohibits the circumvention of DRM systems by users of copyrighted content. The penalty for a violation of this section can be up to $500,000 and 5 years in prison. Critics of this provision saw it as creating even more difficulty for and intimidation of those who want to exercise their fair use and other access rights.However, the DMCA permits the U.S. Copyright Office to implement exemptions for “users of copyrighted works” who are “adversely affected in their ability to make noninfringing uses” of those works. This process occurs every three years, and late December 2008 saw the publication of the Copyright Office’s most recent list of possible exemptions.
Retrospective Analysis of Turkey Arthritis Reovirus Diagnostic Submissions in Minnesota

Turkey arthritis reovirus (TARV) causes tenosynovitis in turkeys, resulting in decreased profits for producers due to the increase in morbidity, mortality, and feed conversion ratio. There is limited information on TARV epidemiology, including the dynamics of diagnostic submissions to veterinary diagnostic laboratories. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 719 cases of lameness in turkeys submitted to the Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory from March 2010 to May 2018. Almost all submissions were tendon pools, which were tested by virus isolation and/or real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction. Most of the submissions were from Minnesota. We found 52% of the submitted cases to be positive for TARV. The TARV-positive submissions increased considerably in the last few years. There was no statistical evidence that TARV diagnostic submissions were seasonal, although positive submissions were higher in January, April, July, and December. TARV-positive submissions also increased as flocks aged. In summary, we found that TARV submissions have increased in the last few years, have varied over time, and are correlated with age of the bird. This information is important guidance for conducting more studies to understand TARV infection dynamics.
Nanosatellites for Biology in Space: In Situ Measurement of Bacillus subtilis Spore Germination and Growth after 6 Months in Low Earth Orbit on the O/OREOS Mission

We report here complete 6-month results from the orbiting Space Environment Survivability of Living Organisms (SESLO) experiment. The world’s first and only long-duration live-biology cubesat experiment, SESLO was executed by one of two 10-cm cube-format payloads aboard the 5.5-kg O/OREOS (Organism/Organic Exposure to Orbital Stresses) free-flying nanosatellite, which launched to a 72°-inclination, 650-km Earth orbit in 2010. The SESLO experiment measured the long-term survival, germination, metabolic, and growth responses of Bacillus subtilis spores exposed to microgravity and ionizing radiation including heavy-ion bombardment. A pair of radiation dosimeters (RadFETs, i.e., radiation-sensitive field-effect transistors) within the SESLO payload provided an in-situ dose rate estimate of 6–7.6 mGy/day throughout the mission. Microwells containing samples of dried spores of a wild-type B. subtilis strain and a radiation-sensitive mutant deficient in Non-Homologoous End Joining (NHEJ) were rehydrated after 14, 91, and 181 days in space with nutrient medium containing with the redox dye alamarBlue (aB), which changes color upon reaction with cellular metabolites. Three-color transmitted light intensity measurements of all microwells were telemetered to Earth within days of each 24-hour growth experiment. At 14 and 91 days, spaceflight samples germinated, grew, and metabolized significantly more slowly than matching ground-control samples, as measured both by aB reduction and optical density changes; these rate differences notwithstanding, the final optical density attained was the same in both flight and ground samples. After 181 days in space, spore germination and growth appeared hindered and abnormal. We attribute the differences not to an effect of the space environment per se, as both spaceflight and ground-control samples exhibited the same behavior, but to a pair of ~15-day thermal excursions, after the 91-day measurement and before the 181-day experiment, that peaked above 46 °C in the SESLO payload. Because the payload hardware operated nominally at 181 days, the growth issues point to heat damage, most likely to component(s) of the growth medium (RPMI 1640 containing aB) or to biocompatibility issues caused by heat-accelerated outgassing or leaching of harmful compounds from components of the SESLO hardware and electronics.
Electrooxidation enables highly regioselective dearomative annulation of indole and benzofuran derivatives

The dearomatization of arenes represents a powerful synthetic methodology to provide three-dimensional chemicals of high added value. Here we report a general and practical protocol for regioselective dearomative annulation of indole and benzofuran derivatives in an electrochemical way. Under undivided electrolytic conditions, a series of highly functionalized five to eight-membered heterocycle-2,3-fused indolines and dihydrobenzofurans, which are typically unattainable under thermal conditions, can be successfully accessed in high yield with excellent regio- and stereo-selectivity. This transformation can also tolerate a wide range of functional groups and achieve good efficiency in large-scale synthesis under oxidant-free conditions. In addition, cyclic voltammetry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and kinetic studies indicate that the dehydrogenative dearomatization annulations arise from the anodic oxidation of indole into indole radical cation, and this process is the rate-determining step. Enriching the chemical space of polycyclic heterocycles is of high value in chemical biology. Here, the authors report an electrooxidative protocol for the regioselective dearomative annulation of indoles and benzofurans under undivided cell conditions and obtain five- to eight-membered fused heterocycles.
Prenatal traumatic stress and offspring hair cortisol concentration: A nine year follow up to the Red River flood pregnancy study.

Abstract Introduction Findings concerning the relationship between maternal prenatal and child cortisol concentrations are inconsistent. This study examined whether the influence of an objective traumatic stressor during pregnancy, distance from a natural flood disaster, moderated the association between prenatal maternal diurnal cortisol and 9-year old offspring hair cortisol concentrations. Methods Data were collected from 56 of the mothers who took part in a study of flood-related pregnancy outcomes in 2009 and their children. Data included distance of the maternal home from evacuation areas, four maternal saliva cortisol assessments (waking, 30 min after waking, afternoon, and before bed) provided within 3-months of the flood crest and child hair samples to assess cortisol secretion over the past month. Results There was a significant interaction between proximity to flooding during pregnancy and maternal cortisol AUC predicting child hair cortisol, after controlling for maternal age, gestational age at cortisol sampling, sex of the child, current socioeconomic status and current maternal stress. At greater distance from flooding (lower stress conditions) there was a non-statistically significant positive association between maternal cortisol and child cortisol. In contrast, living closer to flooding (higher stress conditions) produced a significant negative association between maternal and child cortisol. Conclusion Experiencing a traumatic stressor during pregnancy may alter maternal-fetal programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. The direct threat of flooding led to offspring cortisol concentrations that resembled cortisol production seen in mothers with symptoms of PTSD and their offspring. This alteration is evident in nine-year-old offspring and may help explain inconsistencies in the previous literature.
Efficacy and Effect of Cabozantinib on Bone Metastases in Treatment-Naïve Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer

Abstract Background Cabozantinib is active in advanced prostate cancer with improvement on bone scans in men on phase II trials. This trial evaluated the efficacy and changes in bone lesions in men with metastatic castration–resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) treated with cabozantinib. Methods Eligible patients with mCRPC involving bone underwent biopsy of a bone lesion followed by cabozantinib starting at 60 milligrams daily and continuing until progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary study end point was progression free survival (PFS) at 12 weeks. The bone lesion was rebiopsied at 6 weeks. Expression of CMET, phospho-CMET, and VEGFR2 was assayed by immunohistochemistry. Serum was obtained at baseline, and at 3, 6, and 12 weeks and assayed for bone remodeling markers. Results 25 patients were enrolled: 22 were evaluable, and 3 were excluded before receiving cabozantinib. At 12 weeks 17/22 (77%) had stable disease or better. Median time on treatment was 24 weeks (range 3-112). Overall median PFS was 43.7 weeks (95% CI 23.7-97.0). 8 of 22 (36%) had markedly reduced uptake on bone scan. Patients with significant response on bone scan had higher BMP–2 levels at baseline, stable NTx levels, increased VEGFR2 expression, and a trend towards increased phospho-CMET while on cabozantinib compared to patients with stable disease. Conclusions Cabozantinib is active in men with mCRPC, inducing significant changes on bone scan in one third of patients with changes in markers of bone formation and the tumor microenvironment.
Large Scale Tensor Factorization via Parallel Sketches

Tensor factorization methods have recently gained increased popularity. A key feature that renders tensors attractive is the ability to directly model multi-relational data. In this work, we propose ParaSketch, a parallel tensor factorization algorithm that enables massive parallelism, to deal with large tensors. The idea is to compress the large tensor into multiple small tensors, decompose each small tensor in parallel, and combine the results to reconstruct the desired latent factors. Prior art in this di- rection entails potentially very high complexity in the (Gaussian) compression and final combining stages. Adopting sketching matrices for compression, the proposed method enjoys a dramatic reduction in compression complexity, and features a much lighter combining step. Moreover, theoretical analysis shows that the compressed tensors inherit latent identifiability under mild conditions, hence establishing correctness of the overall approach. Numerical experiments corroborate the theory and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Simple and immediate quantitative evaluation of dispersive mixing

Abstract A dimensionless mixing number is developed to quantify dispersive mixing in a simple and immediate way. This takes into account number-average diameter, volume-average diameter and interfacial area simultaneously. It is an experimentally determined number, meaning the calculations are performed using microscopy images. This parameter was validated using various polymer blends (droplet morphology) and composite systems and can be used to compare various technologies on the basis of dispersive mixing efficiency.
Detonation-induced transformation of graphite to hexagonal diamond

We explore the structural evolution of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) under detonation-induced shock conditions using in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction in the ns timescale. We observe the formation of hexagonal diamond (lonsdaleite) at pressures above 50 GPa, in qualitative agreement with recent gas gun experiments. First-principles density functional calculations reveal that under uniaxial compression, the energy barrier for the transition toward hexagonal diamond is lower than that for cubic diamond. Finally, no indication of cubic diamond formation was observed up to $g70$ GPa.
Interferon production in mice by cell wall mutants of Salmonellatyphimurium. II. Effect of purified glycolipids from S and Re chemotypes

Abstract A previous publication from this laboratory ( Youngner and Feingold, 1967 ) showed that the interferon response elicited by Salmonella typhimurium mutants in mice is not dependent on the presence of a complete cell wall glycolipid. Whole killed cells of a mutant ( G30 C21 ) (the glycolipid of which contains only 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate and lipid) are indistinguishable in their interferon-stimulating ability from the cells of the wild type (LT-2) in which the glycolipid possesses a complete O antigen with polysaccharide side chains. In this report we present data which show that the purified glycolipids from wild-type S. typhimurium and from the deficient mutant G30 C21 are identical in interferon-stimulating ability.
"When Will We Have a Vaccine?" - Understanding Questions and Answers about Covid-19 Vaccination.

“When Will We Have a Vaccine?” People inquiring about Covid-19 vaccines often want to know when the public can be confident that available vaccines are safe and effective, when a vaccine will be av...
Assembly of polymorphic Alu repeat sequences from whole genome sequence data in diverse humans

Alu insertions have contributed to >11% of the human genome. About ~30-35 Alu subfamilies remain actively mobile, and are recognized as major drivers of genetic variation and disease. Sophisticated computational methods permit identification of non-reference insertions based on specific signatures from whole genome sequencing data, but reporting of entire insertion sequences is limited. We build on existing methods and develop an approach that combines Alu detection and de novo assembly of WGS data to reconstruct the full sequence of insertion events. Using this approach, we generate a highly accurate call set of 1,614 completely assembled Alu variants from 53 samples from the Human Genome Diversity Project panel. Experimental validation of 30 sites shows 100% this method produces a highly accurate call set that accurately reconstructs insertion sequence. We utilize the reconstructed alternative insertion haplotypes to genotype 1,010 fully assembled insertions, obtaining >99% accuracy. We find evidence of insertion by non-classical mechanisms and observe 5??? truncation in 16% of AluYa5 and AluYb8 insertions. The sites of truncation coincide with stem-loop structures and SRP9/14 binding sites in the Alu RNA, implicating L1 ORF2p pausing in the generation of 5??? truncations.
Preventing meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus bacteriemia in children

Children are at high risk of bloodstream infection with meticillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA BSI). We had previously found that the great majority of MSSA BSI (91.0%) in our hospital occurred in children with co-morbidities, suggesting that there may be opportunities to prevent at least some cases. An ongoing quality improvement programme was established, leading to a succession of interventions being introduced from August 2011 onwards. These interventions were based on data obtained from the existing Microbiology Department blood culture database and, from October 2010, root cause analyses of each new episode of MSSA BSI. Workstreams targeted the three commonest causes of positive blood cultures: infected central venous catheters (CVCs); surgical site infections and contamination of blood cultures. Key interventions were streamlining of the response to local infections in patients with CVCs; increased dosage of flucloxacillin as prophylaxis for cardiac surgery; and campaigns to improve blood culture use. There was a marked reduction in the number of cases of MSSA BSI between the two years before and after the programme was instigated. Overall, there were 79 MSSA BSI in the first two years, compared with 45 in the latter two years. A reduction was seen in all categories of MSSA BSI; pre-48 h decreased by 46.7%; post-48 h decreased by 25%; contaminants decreased by 70.6%. By contrast, hospital activity and the number of blood cultures received in the laboratory increased by 8.7% and 12.2% over this period. However, CVCs remain the commonest cause of MSSA BSI in our hospital, suggesting that there are further opportunities to prevent MSSA BSI. Areas for future research are identified.
Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma presenting as a facial swelling: A case report

Juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a rare benign neoplasm occurring almost exclusively in adolescent males. When it is confined to the nasopharynx, surgery is often curative. In 20% of cases, there is intracranial extension, and radiotherapy may be used to avoid the risk of life-threatening haemorrhage. The authors report an unusual case which presented with a swelling of the cheek and an abducens nerve palsy. The lesion extended from the nasopharynx across the pterygomaxillary fissure, as well as intracranially. Radiotherapy was given, and the patient remains disease-free after one year.
All solid-state multi-chip multi-channel WDM photonic module

In this work we report on a packaged prototype of a WDM photonic transceiver. It is a hybrid assembly based on a 130 nm SOI photonic circuitry integrated with a 40 nm CMOS VLSI driver. Our prototype supports eight tunable WDM channels operating at 10 Gb/s each capable of both transmitting and receiving data on the same chip. We discuss two options to close the link while using the optical fiber or another waveguide bridge chip. We provide hybridization details and supporting link measurement data to describe packaged photonic module and its power efficient functionality as its on-chip power per channel averaged 1.3pJ/bit, laser electrical power excluded.
The Path to Profitability: Reinvigorating the Neglected Phase of Merger Analysis

This article reviews every litigated federal merger case since 1992, when the federal enforcement agencies revised the entry section of their merger guidelines. This review, unprecedented in the literature, shows that courts continue to neglect the entry phase of merger analysis, the phase that addresses whether, if the merged firm raised prices, new firms would enter the market and restore competition. In determining whether new entry is likely, most courts do not ask whether it would be profitable, but whether the market is protected by entry barriers. This “yes or no” approach is flawed, for all markets have some barriers and the real question is whether the barriers are so high that an investment in entry would not pay off. While some commentators suggest that the issue is beyond the capacity of generalist judges, we believe that courts simply need a firmer grasp of the underlying economics and a more practical methodology for assessing the profitability of entry. To that end, this article summarizes the relevant economics and proposes a new approach to litigating the issue. If defendants contend that entry is easy, they would have to identify a “path to profitability” – a concrete business plan that would enable a new entrant to achieve profitability and drive prices back to the competitive level within a reasonable time period. This new requirement would place the emphasis where it belongs: on whether the prospects for financial success are sufficiently encouraging to entice a substantial new player into the market, correcting the competitive problem.
Toward A Coherent Treatment of Negative Numbers

The transition from whole numbers to integers involves challenges for both students and teachers. Leadership in mathematics education calls for an ability to translate depth of understanding into effective teaching methods, and this landscape includes alternative treatments of familiar topics. Noting the multiple meanings associated with the horizontal bar that is often referred to as “minus sign,” the authors introduce a novel notation intended to address this ambiguity. In this system, the symbol “−” is reserved exclusively for subtraction. The four arithmetic operations and the concept of a number's opposite are then illustrated in light of such a notational shift. A valuable aspect of this excursion is that it encourages teachers to reflect on the relationship between some important mathematics and the pedagogical approaches they now use.
Extraction efficiency improvement of GaN light-emitting diode using sub-wavelength nanoimprinted patterns on sapphire substrate

The sapphire substrate with sub-wavelength pattern pitch (200 nm) was fabricated by nanoimprint and has significantly enhanced the extraction efficiency of GaN LED (λ=450 nm) −80% more light out than the LEDs on flat sapphire substrate that grown in the same run and better than previously-reported micro-scale patterns.
Increased incidence of aberrant morphological phenotypes in human embryogenesis—An association with endometriosis

Purpose : After noticing specific aberrant forms of development in preimplantation embryos from women with endometriosis, we embarked upon this study in order to examine the frequency of these events as compared with controls. Methods : A total of 235 embryos representing 30 women undergoing 56 cycles of in vitro fertilization were retrospectively analyzed on videotape and placed into categories based upon the incidence of specific morphological criteria found during observations made on the first and second days following oocyte retrieval. Results : Several of the aberrant nuclear and cytoplasmic events were found to be statistically increased in the group of embryos from women with endometriosis. Conclusions : The incidence of defined aberrant phenotypes in embryos from women with laparoscopically documented endometriosis may allow us to identify specific embryotoxic events with reference to endometriosis and other diagnoses.
Administrator Preparation: Looking Backwards and Forwards.

Purpose – The purpose of this paper was to conduct a critical analysis of the origins and implementation of problem‐based learning in educational administration as a window into the limitations of this approach and more generally administrator preparation.Design/methodology/approach – The author reviewed the published work of the originator from 1970‐2009, as well as his preparation program for principals, and evaluated his approach primarily in light of two perspectives, emotional labor and positive emotions. The paper probes the utility of using these sociological and psychological perspectives in studying and understanding the emotional side of administration through interviews with principals.Findings – The major finding of this analysis was to question whether sufficient attention is being paid to the emotional aspects of administration in problem‐based learning in particular and administrator preparation programs more generally. The analysis reveals several areas where more attention should be paid,...
Phenomenology of Depression in Children and Adolescents

ABSTRACT A clinical population of children and adolescents was assessed using a structured diagnostic interview. Forty-five children and 50 adolescents were given a diagnosis of Major Depression. The children and adolescents did not differ from each other in symptom presentation. Nearly half of the subjects had coexisting separation anxiety disorders regardless of age group or sex. Subjects with combined depression and anxiety were more severely depressed than subjects with depression alone. A sizable minority, especially preadolescent male subjects, also had a conduct disorder associated with depression. Parental histories of anxiety disorders did not correlate with coexisting anxiety in their children. The young subjects differed little in symptom presentation from adult depressives. These data lend further support to the utility of adult diagnostic criteria in children and adolescents. The presence of associated disorders may significantly affect depressive symptomatology
Serotonin and stress-induced increases in renin secretion are not blocked by sympathectomy/adrenal medullectomy but are blocked by β antagonists

The present study examined the role of the sympathetic nervous system as a mediator of the message from the CNS to the kidneys to stimulate the secretion of renin. Two procedures that increase the secretion of renin were tested: administration of the serotonin releaser fenfluramine, which increases renin release without altering blood pressure [53], and subjecting the rats to the 'psychological' stressor of conditioned emotional response (CER) stress. Pretreatment of rats with either the beta antagonist sotalol or the beta 1-selective antagonist atenolol completely prevented the increase in plasma renin activity and concentration caused by fenfluramine (5 mg/kg i.p.) injection. However, chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) combined with surgical adrenal medullectomy did not prevent the increase in plasma renin activity and concentration following fenfluramine injection. Since beta-antagonists have been previously shown to prevent the renin response to CER stress, we also tested whether the sympathetic nervous system mediates the renin response to CER stress. Chemical sympathectomy combined with adrenal medullectomy did not prevent the effect of CER stress on renin release. The completeness of the sympathectomy/adrenal medullectomy was verified biochemically by measuring plasma epinephrine and both plasma and renal norepinephrine concentrations. Plasma epinephrine and renal norepinephrine levels were reduced to below 1% of control while plasma norepinephrine was reduced to below 8% of control values. In conclusion, our data support previous reports suggesting that activation of CNS pathways increases the secretion of renin. However, the message from the brain to release renin from the kidneys does not exclusively involve either the sympathetic innervation of the kidneys or adrenal epinephrine. Although beta 1 receptors are involved in mediating this phenomenon, their location or mechanism remains unknown and will be discussed.
Hemolytic uremic syndrome and diarrhea associated with Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in a day care center

Three cases of hemolytic uremic syndrome with bloody diarrhea occurred during an outbreak of diarrheal illness in children aged 4 months to 9 years who attended a day care center. Thirty-six (34%) of 107 had diarrhea (three or more loose or watery stools in 24 hours) lasting ≧3 days. Thirty-one (48%) of 64 children younger than 4 years of age but only (12%) of 43 in the older classes became ill (relative risk 4.0, P Escherichia coli 0157:H7 was detected in two of eight stool specimens from children who had bloody diarrhea (one with hemolytic uremic syndrome), two of seven with nonbloddy diarrhea, and none of nine who remained well. All three stool specimens obtained at ≦6 days compared with one of nine obtained at ≧6 days after onset yielded this organism (P E. coli 0157:H7 can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome and both nonbloody and bloody diarrhea, and can spread within families and through modes other than foodborne transmission.
What happened to the "n" of sink? Children's spellings of final consonant clusters

Abstract Children's spellings provide a window on their representations of spoken words. These representations may not always match those assumed by the conventional orthography. We examined one specific case in which this may be true, that of CVCC (consonant-vowel-consonant-consonant) syllables. In three experiments, first graders often produced spellings such as “sach” for the nonword /saent∫/ and “pit” for the nonword /pilt/. We suggest that many children consider these syllables to contain three phonemes instead of four phonemes. Rather than treating the postvocalic nasal or liquid as a separate phoneme, children consider it an attribute of the vowel. This suggestion was supported by the results of a phoneme counting test in which children often used three tokens for syllables such as /saent∫/ and /pilt/. The results suggest that, in addition to difficulties in gaining access to phonemes, nonstandard phonemic representations may be a stumbling block in the acquisition of alphabetic literacy.