cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Estimation of variance and covariance components in linear models containing multiparameter matrices

Abstract The main purpose of this paper is to treat an unsolved problem discussed by S.K. Mitra (1977) concerning the solution of matrix equations which occur in the MINQUE theory of estimating covariance components in a covariance components model of C.R. Rao (1972). Canonical representation of a singular pencil given by Gantmacher (1959) and a theorem of Kucera (1974) were used by S.K. Mitra (1977) to treat the matrix equation AXB+CXD = E. The method used by Mitra (1977) does not extend to the case where the left-hand side of the equation above has one or more additional terms of the same form as AXB and CXD. Necessary and sufficient conditions are established for more general matrix equations whose coefficient matrices are multiparameter matrices along with an algorithm which involves parallel processing to obtain solutions of such matrix equations.
Introducing Evidence-based Medicine to Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

An effective healthcare system is one in which healthcare spending provides acceptable returns in terms of health outcomes and broad coverage for its citizens. By this measure, the United States healthcare system unfortunately falls short. Tremendous pressure for improvement has given rise to several initiatives designed to decrease healthcare expenditure and improve outcomes, access, and quality of care. The outcomes movement, which is revolutionary in American medicine, has heightened awareness about the need to critically examine our treatment outcomes. However, the early euphoria surrounding the outcomes movement was met with restraint at the realization of its limitations. Although the outcomes movement has verified the effectiveness of many existing treatments in plastic surgery, most of the investments in these projects unfortunately have resulted in few, if any, positive changes for the patient, physician or healthcare system (1). US healthcare is now moving towards the adoption of evidence-based medicine (EBM), which may potentially be another revolution in American healthcare (2).
Chemical, electron microscopic and physiological observations on the role of catecholamines in the carotid body.

Abstract Chemical determinations revealed large amounts of dopamine, noradrenaline and adrenaline, in the carotid body of the cat. The cathecholamine (CA) content of normally innervated and chronically synmpathectomized carotid bodies was essentially the same. It did not change by vigorous and prolonged carotid body stimulation either in situ or in vitro . High doses of reserpine reduced appreciably the noradrenaline content of the carotid body; the contents of dopamine and adrenaline also were reduced but to a lesser degree. Electron microscopy shoed the presence of numerous dense-cored vesicles in the glomus cells of the carotid body; these vesicles occurred only rarely in the capsular cells and in the carotid nerve terminals. No detectable change in the vesicular content, appearance or distribution was induced by prolonge dhypoxia, reserpinization, adrenalectomy or chronic section of the carotid nerve or sympathetic supply. Acute and chronic reserpinization of cats did not change the sensitivity and reactivity of carotid bodies (either in situ or in vitro to ACh, anoxic or asphyxic stimulation. In vitro , high doses of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine, dl -DOPA and tyramine failed to produced chemoreceptor excitation or marked depression of the chemosensory discharges. The lack of effect of CA on chemoreceptor activity was not changed by reserpinization or inactivation of monaminoxidase with nialamide. Prolonged superfusion with dischloroisoproterenol, a β-adrenergic blocking agent, reduced chemoreceptor discharges by inducing nerve block. It is concluded that CA contained in the carotid body do not play a significant role in the generation of the chemosensory discharges.
Development, Household Clusters, and Work–Wealth in Manta

RECENT INVESTIGATIONS INTO household form and dynamics in changing political economies stress the emergent, task-centered character of households. In this view, households are competitive arenas in which the divergent interests of state, group, and individual are negotiated and shaped by household members into uneasy alliances for survival or gain. This study of poor households in a developing Ecuadorian maritime sector considers these and related issues, [urban society, households, change, maritime communities, capital accumulation]
Childrens Cancer Group Studies in Acute Myeloid Leukemia, 1979–1995: Three Strategies That Have Worked

Review of Childrens Cancer Group (CCG) randomized trials conducted since 1979 identifies three strategies that have led to incremental improvements in outcome: (a) allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in first remission; (b) sequentially timed high-dose chemotherapy and the advent of more effective pre-and post-remission treatment; and (c) attenuation of maintenance therapy. Among patients treated from 1979 to 1983, the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) following matchedrelated allogeneic transplantation was 45% and between 1983 and 1988, 46%. From 1983 to 1988 intensification therapy with sequentially timed high-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C) given on days 0,1 and 7 and 8 achieved a five-year DFS of 38% (p = .06 compared to BMT). Five-year postremission survival with sequentially timed highdose ara-C was 58% compared to 41% with conventionally timed day 0,1 and 28,29 ara-C (p =.05). Five-year survival following high-dose ara-C intensification was significantly lower after 16 months of maintenance therapy compared to no maintenance (44% vs. 68%, p < .01). Since 1979, the remission induction rate has ranged between 74% and 79%, even with kinetically based sequentially timed five-drug chemotherapy. However, post-remission DFS was significantly highr with sequentially timed induction therapy than with conventionally timed therapy: 60% vs. 37% at 3 years (p = .0002). With the combined use of sequentially timed induction therapy, matched-related BMT, and development of the best post-remission regimen from the current study. CCG acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy will potentially cure over half the children with (AML) by the year 1999.
Thermotoga lettingae Can Salvage Cobinamide To Synthesize Vitamin B12

We recently reported that the Thermotogales acquired the ability to synthesize vitamin B12 by acquisition of genes from two distantly related lineages, Archaea and Firmicutes (K. S. Swithers et al., Genome Biol. Evol. 4:730–739, 2012). Ancestral state reconstruction suggested that the cobinamide salvage gene cluster was present in the Thermotogales' most recent common ancestor. We also predicted that Thermotoga lettingae could not synthesize B12 de novo but could use the cobinamide salvage pathway to synthesize B12. In this study, these hypotheses were tested, and we found that Tt. lettingae did not synthesize B12 de novo but salvaged cobinamide. The growth rate of Tt. lettingae increased with the addition of B12 or cobinamide to its medium. It synthesized B12 when the medium was supplemented with cobinamide, and no B12 was detected in cells grown on cobinamide-deficient medium. Upstream of the cobinamide salvage genes is a putative B12 riboswitch. In other organisms, B12 riboswitches allow for higher transcriptional activity in the absence of B12. When Tt. lettingae was grown with no B12, the salvage genes were upregulated compared to cells grown with B12 or cobinamide. Another gene cluster with a putative B12 riboswitch upstream is the btuFCD ABC transporter, and it showed a transcription pattern similar to that of the cobinamide salvage genes. The BtuF proteins from species that can and cannot salvage cobinamides were shown in vitro to bind both B12 and cobinamide. These results suggest that Thermotogales species can use the BtuFCD transporter to import both B12 and cobinamide, even if they cannot salvage cobinamide.
Paul Dirac and the Einstein-Bohr Debate

Although Dirac rarely participated in the interpretational debates over quantum theory, it is traditionally assumed that his views were aligned with Heisenberg and Bohr in the so-called Copenhagen-Gottingen camp. However, an unpublished—and apparently unknown—lecture of Dirac's reveals that this view is mistaken; in the famous debate between Einstein and Bohr, Dirac sided with Einstein. Surprisingly, Dirac believed that quantum mechanics was not complete, that the uncertainty principle would not survive in the future physics, and that a deterministic description of the microworld would be recovered. In this paper I show how we can make sense of this unpublished lecture in the context of Dirac's broader philosophy of quantum mechanics, and how our present understanding of Dirac's philosophical views must be revised.
“W” Stands for Women: Feminism and Security Rhetoric in the Post-9/11 Bush Administration

Feminist criticisms of the Bush Administration distinguish its feminized security rhetoric, which claims to support women's rights in Iraq and Afghanistan, from its actions at home and abroad, which undermine hard-won gains for women. This distinction between words and deeds obscures, on the one hand, the tremendous progress that feminists have made in framing women's rights as an issue that ought to be taken seriously and, on the other hand, the way that this rhetoric is itself a significant form of political action: It aims to influence how Americans will conceptualize the struggle for women's rights. I correct for these problems by developing a political theory of what I call the “framing effect” of rhetoric—its power to shape our worldview. Frames, I suggest, are related to one another dialogically: They build on one another by transposing old rhetorical frames into new contexts. The Bush Administration draws on existing feminist rhetoric, but transforms it by combining it with two other kinds of discourse: a rhetoric of chivalrous respect and a rhetoric of democratic peace. I show that in both rhetorical frames, the Bush Administration bases its concern with women's rights abroad upon the presumption that the women's movement in the United States successfully achieved its goals long ago. My analysis of how current security rhetoric frames women's rights can help us to understand both how the Bush Administration is able to use feminist ideas in new and nonfeminist ways and how we in turn might redeploy the Bush rhetoric so as to challenge the presumption that women at home already enjoy their full rights.The author would like to thank Karen Zivi, Jill Frank, Alison Jaggar, Iris Young, the editors and anonymous reviewers from Politics & Gender, as well as fellow panelists and audience members at the Midwest Political Science Association, the Association for Political Theory, and the Center for Values and Social Policy at the University of Colorado at Boulder for their comments. She would also like to thank Steve Chan for his encouragement. This project was funded, in part, by the University of Colorado at Boulder Graduate School CRCW Small Grant.
Effect of deuterium oxide on culturing of Penicillium janczewskii I. Growth, nutritional factors, and antibiotic production

Penicillium janczewskii, a mold which produces the antifungal antibiotic griseofulvin, was cultured in media containing 50, 75, and 99.6 per cent deuterium oxide. Protioand deuterio-carbohydrates were used as carbon sources. Griseofulvin production decreased markedly with increase in deuterium content of the medium. There was also a marked reduction in mycelial dry weights with increase in deuterium oxide in the nutrient. The surface culture technique proved more effective than the shake method for both tissue growth and antibiotic formation.
Miniature stub and filter designs using the microshield transmission line

This paper presents new CPW-type stub and filter configurations which are useful approaches for compact microwave circuit design. It is shown that conventional open- and short-end quarter wavelength stubs can be shortened by a factor of three by folding the center conductor. Also, narrowband open-end stubs are demonstrated which have thin-film overlay capacitors integrated across the stub sections. In this work the circuits have been implemented using the microshield transmission line, a geometry in which a 1.4 /spl mu/m-thick dielectric membrane supports coplanar conducting lines virtually in free-space. The new stub configurations, however, are also suitable for standard substrate-supported CPW. >
Transmission power and playout control for packetized audio streaming over wireless links

We investigate joint transmission power control and playout buffer control for packetized audio streaming over wireless links. We propose a novel model formulation to capture the interactions and tradeoffs between transmission power, playout freezing and jitter caused by the buffer underflow and re-buffering. The optimal joint control policy is obtained using a dynamic programming approach to optimally balance the average power consumption against quality of service (QoS). The latter is measured by the duration of playout freezes, frequency and inter-occurrence time of the playout jitters. We also investigate two special cases where only one of the two controls is available. We obtain the optimal policies and explore their structural properties. Based on those, we also design a low-complexity heuristic. Through simulation we see that the proposed scheme improves the QoS by 50% to 80% when compared with standard benchmarks under the fixed power constraints.
An efficient noise isolation technique for SOC application

A highly efficient CMOS process technique of suppressing the transmission of high-frequency noise induced by spiral inductors, ultrafast-switching MOS gates, or supply ringing through silicon substrate has been attained. The isolated n/sup +/-pocket structure formed by a promising process technique designed in this work has proven to be most effective in guarding vulnerable devices from remnant high-frequency noise roaming in the substrate among the structures we have used in the experiment: p/sup +/ guard ring, proton implant, and pocket structures. Excellent noise suppression efficiency of -75 dB with source and sense separated by only 21 /spl mu/m at 1 GHz has been achieved for the test keys with n/sup +/-pocket structure in contrast to -38 dB at 1GHz of unprotected devices. The isolated n/sup +/-pocket structure has manifested itself to possess the potential of becoming a key technology for mixed-mode circuits in future success of Si-based wireless communication system-on-chip (SOC) applications.
On the absence of InSAR-detected volcano deformation spanning the 1995–1996 and 1999 eruptions of Shishaldin Volcano, Alaska

Shishaldin Volcano, a large, frequently active basaltic-andesite volcano located on Unimak Island in the Aleutian Arc of Alaska, had a minor eruption in 1995–1996 and a VEI 3 sub-Plinian basaltic eruption in 1999. We used 21 synthetic aperture radar images acquired by ERS-1, ERS-2, JERS-1, and RADARSAT-1 satellites to construct 12 coherent interferograms that span most of the 1993–2003 time interval. All interferograms lack coherence within ~5 km of the summit, primarily due to persistent snow and ice cover on the edifice. Remarkably, in the 5–15 km distance range where interferograms are coherent, the InSAR images show no intrusion- or withdrawal-related deformation at Shishaldin during this entire time period. However, several InSAR images do show deformation associated with a shallow ML 5.2 earthquake located ~14 km west of Shishaldin that occurred 6 weeks before the 1999 eruption. We use a theoretical model to predict deformation magnitudes due to a volumetric expansion source having a volume equivalent to the 1999 erupted volume, and find that deformation magnitudes for sources shallower than 10 km are within the expected detection capabilities for interferograms generated from C-band ERS 1/2 and RADARSAT-1 synthetic aperture radar images. We also find that InSAR images cannot resolve relatively shallow deformation sources (1–2 km below sea level) due to spatial gaps in the InSAR images caused by lost coherence. The lack of any deformation, particularly for the 1999 eruption, leads us to speculate that magma feeding eruptions at the summit moves rapidly (at least 80m/day) from N10 km depth, and that the intrusion–eruption cycle at Shishaldin does not produce significant permanent deformation at the surface. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Photoinduced absorption of /spl pi/-conjugated polymers in solution

Summary form only given. Near steady state photoinduced absorption spectra of different types of /spl pi/-conjugated polymers in solution are reported. Long-lived neutral (triplet) and charged (polaronic and/or bipolaronic) photoexcitations are detected and characterized by their subgap absorptions, relaxation behavior, and pump intensity dependence. The ratio of neutral versus charged states formed after photoexcitation is discussed in relation to the nature of the solvent. The effect of acceptor molecules in efficient electron and energy transfer reactions with the photoexcited polymers is studied.
Improving lymph node yield in retroperitoneal lymph node dissection using fluorescent molecular imaging: a novel method of localizing lymph nodes in Guinea pig model.

Objectives To propose that fluorescent molecular imaging has utility in specifically identifying the lymph nodes, thereby enabling more definitive lymph node visualization and dissection. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is an invasive procedure with significant morbidity. A minimally invasive approach would be of great clinical benefit but has been limited by the extensive perivascular dissection required to remove all lymphatic tissue. Directed lymph node visualization would allow a limited dissection, making a laparoscopic approach more feasible. Methods Ten male Hartley guinea pigs underwent nonsurvival RPLND, 5 with the protease activatable in vivo fluorescent molecular imaging agent, ProSense and 5 without image guidance (control). ProSense was administered 24 hours before surgery and detected 24 hours later using a photodynamic detector. In group 1, RPLND was first performed without molecular imaging followed by image-guided lymph node dissection for residual nodes. In group 2, the near infrared detector was used initially for lymph node excision followed by traditionally unassisted extraction of the residual lymph nodes. The lymph nodes were extracted, counted, and sent for histopathologic analysis. Results With the assistance of molecular imaging, no additional lymph nodes were identified after complete dissection, and all tissue identified by ProSense was confirmed by histopathologic analysis to be lymph nodes. Without molecular imaging, all lymph nodes were not identified, and in 2 instances, the tissue was incorrectly thought to be lymphatic tissue. Conclusions Molecular image-guided RPLND is a promising technique to improve in vivo, live visualization and dissection of lymph nodes and has the potential for application in improving the diagnosis and treatment of other urologic malignancies.
The Parameter of Aspect in Second Language Acquisition.

The goal of this article is to present a detailed study of the second language acquisition (SLA) of English aspect by native speakers of Slavic languages. A parameterized distinction between English and Slavic aspect accounts for the subtle differences between English and Slavic telic and atelic sentences. Based on a syntax-theoretical treatment of aspect, the article investigates the process of SLA of aspect in Slavic speakers at three levels of proficiency in English: low intermediate, high intermediate and advanced. Second language (L2) learners are found to be capable of resetting the aspectual parameter value to the English setting, thus successfully acquiring a property of language almost never taught in language classrooms. The article also studies the acquisition of a cluster of constructions, which syntactic research relates to the English value of the aspectual parameter, and which have been found to appear together in the speech of English children (Snyder and Stromswold, 1997): double objects, verb–particles and resultatives. Results indicate that each of these constructions forms part of this aspect-related cluster and that knowledge of aspect and knowledge of the cluster co-occur. The results of the experimental study bring new evidence to bear on the theoretical choice between direct access to the L2 value (Epstein et al., 1996; Flynn, 1996) or starting out the process of acquisition with the L1 value of a parameter (Schwartz & Sprouse, 1994;1996),supporting the latter view
Effect of meniscal release on rate of subsequent meniscal tears and owner-assessed outcome in dogs with cruciate disease treated with tibial plateau leveling osteotomy.

Objective— To determine and compare rates of meniscal tears after tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO) among 3 groups of dogs based on treatment method: arthrotomy with meniscal release (openR), arthrotomy without meniscal release (openNR), arthroscopy without meniscal release (scopeNR), and compare long term owner-assessed outcomes for the same groups. Study Design— Retrospective cohort study. Sample Population— Stifles (n=254) of dogs that had TPLO. Methods— The three groups were compared for significant (P<.05) differences in rate of subsequent tears using a χ2 test. Odds ratios for likelihood of subsequent meniscal tears were determined. Data for signalment, outcome, time to peak function, and time to subsequent tear were compared for significant differences using ANOVA, t-test, or rank sum test. Results— Subsequent meniscal tears were diagnosed in 16 cases (6.3%). Of dogs with subsequent meniscal tears, 9 had openNR, 4 had openR, and 3 had scopeNR; the proportion of subsequent meniscal tears was significantly different (P=.035) among groups. Odds ratio indicated that subsequent meniscal tear was 3.8 times more likely to occur for openNR than openR or scopeNR. No significant differences among groups were noted for measures of outcome. Conclusions— Meniscal release did not reduce the rate of subsequent meniscal tears when compared with cases treated arthroscopically or when compared with all cases combined, but may be advantageous when meniscal pathology cannot be comprehensively assessed in the cranial cruciate deficient stifle. Meniscal release had no effects on owner-assessed outcome as determined in this study. Clinical Relevance— The low rates of subsequent meniscal tears in conjunction with the relatively high and equivocal levels of owner-assessed outcome and time to peak function for all 3 treatment groups suggest that any of these surgical management strategies can be considered acceptable. We suggest that a meniscal release be performed when complete and thorough exploration of the joint and meniscus cannot be, or are not, performed.
Computing the distribution of sums of random sine waves and of Rayleigh-distributed random variables by saddle-point integration

The method of saddle-point integration is applied to calculating the cumulative distribution of sums of independent random variables that either have a Rayleigh distribution or are sine waves with independently random phases in the presence of Gaussian random noise.
Alterations in Circulating Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Free α-Subunit in Insulin-Dependent Diabetic Pregnancy: Correlation with Maternal Characteristics

Circulating concentrations of hCG free alpha-subunit (alpha hCG) increase throughout pregnancy. To address the hypothesis that maternal plasma alpha hCG may reflect placental dysfunction and/or adverse perinatal outcome during insulin-dependent diabetic pregnancy, alpha hCG was measured serially throughout gestation, beginning before week 12, with a specific RIA using a monoclonal antibody in 54 insulin-dependent diabetic (randomly assigned to strict and customary glycemic control) and 25 nondiabetic pregnancies. alpha hCG was significantly lower in pregnant insulin-dependent diabetic subjects than in nondiabetics subjects until 24 weeks gestation, after which it was higher until delivery. Plasma alpha hCG stabilized in nondiabetics at 32 weeks, whereas it continued to increase in diabetics until delivery, at which time it was 37% greater than that in nondiabetics (mean +/- SE, 1441 +/- 90 vs. 1052 +/- 78 micrograms/L; P less than 0.002). Values in diabetic subjects assigned to strict control were intermediate between those in diabetic subjects assigned to customary control and nondiabetic subjects. alpha hCG was greater in diabetic subjects with pregestational hypertension or microvascular disease, but not in those with pregnancy-induced hypertension. These findings were independent of the assigned goals of glycemic control. alpha hCG was not correlated with the duration of diabetes or related to premature delivery, fetal distress, birth asphyxia, or macrosomia. Thus, alpha hCG is increased during the third trimester of the type I diabetic pregnancy and is associated with preexisting hypertension and maternal microangiopathy, but is not a predictor of adverse perinatal outcome. Excessive alpha hCG secretion in diabetes may share pathophysiological mechanisms in common with those underlying diabetic microangiopathy.
Evo-Devo and an Expanding Evolutionary Synthesis: A Genetic Theory of Morphological Evolution

Biologists have long sought to understand which genes and what kinds of changes in their sequences are responsible for the evolution of morphological diversity. Here, I outline eight principles derived from molecular and evolutionary developmental biology and review recent studies of species divergence that have led to a genetic theory of morphological evolution, which states that (1) form evolves largely by altering the expression of functionally conserved proteins, and (2) such changes largely occur through mutations in the cis-regulatory sequences of pleiotropic developmental regulatory loci and of the target genes within the vast networks they control.
Diagnosing language variations: underlying principles for syntactic assessment.

The assessment of complex aspects of children’s syntactic development can be carried out in a dialect-neutral fashion. The item types proposed for this purpose encompass wh-questions, passives, and articles, and test the child’s understanding of implicit grammatical relations, the rules governing syntactic movement, and discourse linking. We present the rationale for the items and the specific research supporting them, as well as some suggestions for how to help children who fail on the concepts to gain a better understanding of them.
Multiresolutional System: Complexity and Reliability

Reliability of intelligent systems can be judged upon their complexity. General case of a control system is considered, and an analytical expression for complexity is analyzed. We demonstrate that intelligence reduces complexity and increases reliability. This paper defends a view that “intelligence” is a tool of making reliable systems out of insufficiently reliable components.
Concurrent Dual $K/Ka$ -Band T/R/Calibration Switch Module With Quasi-Elliptic Dual-Bandpass Frequency Response Implementing Metamaterial Transmission Line and Negative Resistance

A novel dual-band transmit/receive (T/R) switch module with an integrated calibration path, hereafter a T/R/Calibration switch module, is developed for dual $K/Ka$ -band array systems, especially digital beam-forming antenna array system, using 0.18- $\mu{\hbox{m}}$ BiCMOS technology. A unique quasi-elliptic dual-bandpass frequency response is achieved in its reception and calibration paths with the use of a composite right/left-handed metamaterial transmission line structure coupled with the Colpitts-style negative-resistance generation circuit. The proposed T/R/Calibration switch module architecture provides a self-calibration for both transmission and reception from the farthest end of an array transceiver excluding antennas, thereby offering an accurate calibration function for the synthetic aperture radar consequently. The newly proposed T/R/Calibration switch topology enhances the opportunity of standalone operation of multi-band array transceivers by the integrated self-calibration capability, while still fulfilling the low-noise and high-power needed for the transceivers for reception and transmission via bidirectional low-noise amplifier/power amplifier, respectively.
High-Resolution X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of Alkylated Silicon(111) Surfaces

Hydrogen-terminated, chlorine-terminated, and alkyl-terminated crystalline Si(111) surfaces have been characterized using high-resolution, soft X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy from a synchrotron radiation source. The H-terminated Si(111) surface displayed a Si 2p_(3/2) peak at a binding energy 0.15 eV higher than the bulk Si 2p_(3/2) peak. The integrated area of this shifted peak corresponded to one equivalent monolayer, consistent with the assignment of this peak to surficial Si−H moieties. Chlorinated Si surfaces prepared by exposure of H-terminated Si to PCl_5 in chlorobenzene exhibited a Si 2p_(3/2) peak at a binding energy of 0.83 eV above the bulk Si peak. This higher-binding-energy peak was assigned to Si−Cl species and had an integrated area corresponding to 0.99 of an equivalent monolayer on the Si(111) surface. Little dichloride and no trichloride Si 2p signals were detected on these surfaces. Silicon(111) surfaces alkylated with C_nH_(2n+1)^− (n = 1 or 2) or C_6H_5CH_2^− groups were prepared by exposing the Cl-terminated Si surface to an alkylmagnesium halide reagent. Methyl-terminated Si(111) surfaces prepared in this fashion exhibited a Si 2p_(3/2) signal at a binding energy of 0.34 eV above the bulk Si 2p_(3/2) peak, with an area corresponding to 0.85 of a Si(111) monolayer. Ethyl- and C_6H_5CH_2-terminated Si(111) surfaces showed no evidence of either residual Cl or oxidized Si and exhibited a Si 2p_(3/2) peak ∼0.20 eV higher in energy than the bulk Si 2p_(3/2) peak. This feature had an integrated area of ∼1 monolayer. This positively shifted Si 2p_(3/2) peak is consistent with the presence of Si−C and Si−H surface functionalities on such surfaces. The SXPS data indicate that functionalization by the two-step chlorination/alkylation process proceeds cleanly to produce oxide-free Si surfaces terminated with the chosen alkyl group.
Effect of methionine on nicotinic acid and indoleacetic acid pathways of tryptophan metabolism in vivo.

SummaryIn rats fed synthetic amino-acid test diets containing tryptophan but deficient in nicotinic acid or nicotinamide, an excess of dietary methionine lowers the urinary level of N1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) and raises the urinary level of indoleacetic acid (IAA). The urinary creatinine (CR) level is only slightly increased. Excess methionine administered intraperitoneally to rats fed the same diet results in a similar urinary excretion pattern of MNA and IAA. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that excess methionine may favor the channeling of tryptophan metabolism into indoleacetic acid production by inhibiting the nicotinic acid pathway or stimulating those pathways leading to formation of indoleacetic acid.
Horn fly control with coumaphos.

Beef cattle in a test area of 510 acres of pastures in the Everglades were treated with coumaphos for control of Haematobia irritans (L..). There was no significant difference in the degree of control obtained by self-treatment dust bags containing 1 and 5% coumaphos and coumaphos provided in a mineral mixture fed free-choice (insecticide averaging 1.39 mg per kg body weight per day). Horn fly counts in all treatments were significantly lower than in tile check; in the check within the test area they declined below numbers in the surrounding country.
Active Noise Control Using Phase-Compensated, Damped Resonant Filters

An active noise control device called active noise absorber (ANA), which is based upon damped, resonant filters is developed and demonstrated. It is similar to structural positive position feedback (PPF) control, with two exceptions: 1) acoustic transducers (microphone and speaker) can not be truly colocated, and 2) the acoustic actuator (loudspeaker) has significant dynamics. The speaker dynamics can affect performance and stability and must be compensated. While acoustic modal control approaches are typically not sought, there are a number of applications where controlling a few room modes is adequate. A model of a duct with speakers at each end is developed and used to demonstrate the control method, including the impact of the speaker dynamics. An all-pass filter is used to provide phase compensation and improve controller performance. A companion experimental study validated the simulation result and demonstrated nearly 10 dB of control in the first duct mode.Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Erbium-Doped Mixed Oxide Nanowires of Zinc and Germanium: Role of Host Structure on Near Infrared Emission

This work describes the fabrication of Er-doped oxide nanowires containing both zinc and germanium through selected sol–gel reactions in concert with electrospinning and thermal removal of polymer ...
Whiteness FAQ: Responses and Tools for Confronting College Classroom Questions

Instructors and students with a critical race perspective are frequently confronted and often marginalized by questions of whiteness in the college classroom. These questions work to reinforce and promote white norms and ultimately white supremacy. This theoretical article and pedagogical tool responds to some frequently asked questions (FAQs) that exude whiteness in the classroom directly, offering critical responses backed by literature, research, and theory. We also respond to the questions subcontextually, naming the assumptions that are embedded in these whiteness questions and deconstructing them. We offer pedagogical strategies for responding to and resisting whiteness in the classroom when whiteness FAQs arise.
Emotions, Cognitions, and Well-Being: The Role of Perfectionism, Emotional Overexcitability, and Emotion Regulation.

In this study, we examined interrelationships among emotional overexcitability, perfectionism, emotion regulation, and subjective well-being. Dabrowski and Piechowski’s theoretical conceptualizatio...
Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction and the Index of Microcirculatory Resistance as a Marker of Subsequent Development of Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy.

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after heart transplantation.1 Conventional methods for monitoring for CAV detect CAV after it has developed, which may be too late to modify its course. Endothelial dysfunction and the index of microcirculatory resistance (IMR) assessed soon after transplantation have both been shown in separate studies to predict development of CAV and long-term adverse outcome.2,3 The purpose of this study (URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01078363) is to quantify the combined impact of early endothelial dysfunction and elevated microvascular resistance as a marker of subsequent development of CAV at 1 year after cardiac transplantation. Forty-four heart transplant recipients underwent intracoronary acetylcholine injection (50–100 µg over 30 seconds), coronary physiology assessment, and volumetric intravascular ultrasound analysis performed in the left anterior descending coronary artery within 8 weeks after transplantation (baseline) and at 1 year. Endothelial dysfunction was defined as ≥20% change in diameter of the left anterior descending coronary artery as measured by quantitative angiography after acetylcholine and in comparison with baseline angiography.2 Elevated microvascular resistance was defined as an IMR≥20.3 IMR was assessed with a coronary pressure/thermistor-tipped wire …
Evaluation of winding stray capacitance in motors for aerospace applications

The use of inverter-driven motors in aircraft has been steadily increasing to replace hydraulic and pneumatic systems. Accurate knowledge of the motor parameters including the winding stray capacitance is required to construct a wider motor/drive systems model to investigate electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) issues and also to correctly size the common mode EMC filter components. In this paper, the capacitance effects are investigated using electrostatic 2D finite element models of the motor and verified with test hardware. Reliable evaluation of the stray capacitance requires very detailed knowledge of the conductor location in the slot, accurate material properties and the amount of impregnation present in the slots. Analysis shows that the reduced amount of impregnation lowers the stray capacitance but this may have an impact on thermal performance and mechanical integrity. Conductors located near the middle of the slot lead to lower capacitance compared to conductors located near the tooth edge.
Game Narrative, Interactive Fiction, and Storytelling: Creating a “Time for Telling” in the Classroom

Stories are the mechanism through which humans construct reality and make sense of the world around them. However, research on the positive effects of narrative in formal and informal learning environments is quite variable, and the relevance of narrative to the learning sciences and as part of virtual worlds is not well understood. This chapter proposes that understanding how narrative intertwines with human experience of the lived-in world requires the application of a situated cognition framework, defining recipient-content-context interactions as dynamic and co-determined. Furthermore, it discusses on-the-fly dialogic interactions between narrative “producers” (i.e., instructors) and “recipients” (i.e., participating students) in service of advancing the design and application of stories, games, and measurements of creative behavior within the constraints of play.
Taxonomy of New Software Exporting Nations

In recent years dozens of nations have begun exporting software products and services. We label these nations the ?new software exporting nations?. We introduce a four-tier taxonomy of software exporting nations. Thresholds for the tiers are defined by export revenues, by cluster size, and by maturity. Tier 1 nations are the major software exporting nations; Tier 2 nations are the transition software exporting nations (China and Russia); Tier 3 nations are the emerging software exporting nations (e.g., Brazil, Bulgaria); and Tier 4 nations are the infant stage software exporting nations (e.g., Vietnam, Cuba).
Being present: oncologists' role in promoting advanced cancer patients' illness understanding

Realistic illness understanding is essential to an advanced cancer patient's ability to make informed medical decisions at the end of life. This study sought to determine whether advanced cancer patients better understood the late stage of their cancer if an oncologist, compared to other members of the care team, was present to discuss their scan results. Data were derived from a multi-institutional, longitudinal cohort study of patients recruited between 2010 and 2015. Patients (n = 209) with late-stage cancers (metastatic cancers that progressed after at least one chemotherapy regimen) were interviewed before and after clinic visits in which scan results were discussed. Patients reported pre- and postvisit if their cancer was at a late stage. Postvisit, patients reported if they discussed scan results with an oncologist or another oncology provider (i.e., oncology fellow, oncology resident, nurse practitioner, nurse, physician's assistant, or other). Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if the presence of an oncologist during scan results discussions differentially predicted the patients' likelihood of postvisit late-stage illness understanding (LSIU). Propensity weighting was used to correct for sociodemographic imbalances between groups, and previsit LSIU and the presence of multiple providers were controlled for in the logistic regression analyses. After propensity-weighted adjustment and controlling for previsit LSIU and the presence of multiple providers, patients were 2.6 times more likely (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.2, 6.0; P = 0.021) to report that their disease was late stage if an oncologist was present for the scan results discussion compared to if an oncologist was absent. The presence of an oncologist during scan results discussions was associated with a higher likelihood of patients acknowledging being in a late stage of their disease. These results suggest that oncologist involvement in scan results discussions is associated with advanced cancer patients having better prognostic understanding.
Extending Embodied Interactions in Mixed Reality Environments

The recent advances in mixed reality (MR) technologies provide a great opportunity to support deployment and use of MR applications for training and education. Users can interact with virtual objects that can help them be more engaged and acquire more information compared to the more traditional approaches. MR devices, such as the Microsoft HoloLens device, use spatial mapping to place virtual objects in the surrounding space and support embodied interaction with those objects. However, some applications may require an extended range of embodied interactions that are beyond the capabilities of the MR device. For instance, interaction with virtual objects using arms, legs, and body almost the same way we interact with physical objects. We describe an approach to extend the functionality of Microsoft HoloLens to support an extended range of embodied interactions in an MR space by using the Microsoft Kinect V2 sensor device. Based on that approach, we developed a system that maps the captured skeletal data from the Kinect device to the HoloLens device coordinate system. We have measured the overall delay of the developed system to evaluate its effect on application responsiveness. The described system is currently being used for the development of a HoloLens application for nurse aide certification in the Commonwealth of Virginia.
House Price Indexes

House price indexes serve a variety of useful purposes. They help in the measurement of housing affordability and in the valuation of the portfolios of homeowners and other investors. They are also needed for housing market research. Several objectives guide the calculation of indexes, including the need to maintain constant quality, to avoid sample selection bias, and to avoid the need for index revision. The choice of index method reflects a trade-off between administrative complexity (related to both data and technical requirements) and accuracy. The most common indexes are based on medians, repeat sales, hedonic characteristics, or ratios of sales prices to appraised values.
Automated Detection of Skin Thickening in Mammograms

As part of a comprehensive computer-aided diagnosis scheme for detection of breast abnormalities in mammograms, we are developing a computer algorithm to detect and measure skin thickening in mammograms. The outside breast contour is located based on local gradient operations and adaptive gray-value thresholding. Following the determination of the internal skin line as a local gradient minimum, the skin thickness is measured perpendicular to the skin surface. The software was written in C and Fortran and is implemented both on a DEC VAXstation 3500 and a IBM Power station (RISC 6000 Series 560). As input, digitized mammograms 2k x 2k in size with a pixel size of 0.1 x 0.1 mm2 and 10 bit grayscale were used.
Use of Tracers in the Study of Biogenic Amine Compartments

Although a biologist may learn much about the individual enzyme reactions present in a tissue homogenate, this knowledge will not by itself explain intrinsic physiological mechanisms in the living organism. Function is inextricably linked with structural integrity, and this is destroyed by homogenization. Atissue organ is a physical machine, and to explain its physiological function one needs to know not only of what substances it is composed, but how these are physically arranged and how they change to make the engine work.
Measurement and interpretation of counterion distribution around cylindrical polyelectrolytes

Counterion distributions around-like polyelectrolytes in solution are measured directly using small-angle rod-like x-ray scattering (SAXS). Two systems are studied: cylindrical micelles formed by a comb-shaped copolymer poly-(1-octadecene-co-maleic anhydride) (PODMA), neutralized by CsOH, in aqueous solution; and 500 A persistence length DNA fragments in aqueous solution having Na+ or Cs+ as counterions, respectively. Method of SAXS data analysis is presented. The Poisson-Boltzmann (P-B) equation in the cell model is used to compute the counterion distributions. Comparison of SAXS data for the PODMA case with the theory shows that the P-B solution overestimates the charge accumulation on the micellar surface due to the very high linear charge density parameter ζ (= 33) of the micelle, while for the case of CsDNA one needs to assume a considerable amount of counterions present in the major and minor grooves of the double helices.
Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma: Clinical and imaging findings at a large US cancer center.

PURPOSE Evaluate the clinical presentation and imaging findings of breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA ALCL) at a large US cancer center. MATERIALS AND METHODS HIPAA-compliant IRB approved retrospective study, for which informed consent was waived. The Hospital Information System was screened for women who underwent implant reconstruction and were diagnosed with BIA ALCL between 2010 and 2016. Two radiologists reviewed images in consensus. Clinical and imaging characteristics were summarized using means and ranges for continuous variables and percentages for categorical variables. RESULTS Patient cohort included 11 women with BIA ALCL (mean age at diagnosis = 54 years, range: 35-77), including women with (9/11) and without (2/11) history of breast cancer. Mean time from breast implant placement to diagnosis was 10 years (range: 6-14). BIA ALCL was identified in patients with saline (4/11) and silicone (5/11) implants. Implants were textured in 7/11 (63%) and unknown in 4/11 (36%) cases. All patients presented with a peri-implant seroma, (9/11 documented on imaging). Two of 11 patients had a mass within this seroma. Ten of 11 patients (91%) presented with symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Saline and silicone breast implants may predispose patients to a rare lymphoma subtype, BIA ALCL, which presents on imaging as a peri-implant fluid collection ± mass.
Surface fuel accumulation and decomposition in old-growth pine-mixed conifer forests, northwestern Mexico

Stand-level forest structure varies spatially and surface fuels would be expected to vary as well. We measured surface fuel deposition and decomposition within old-growth Jeffery pine (Pinus jeffreyi Balf.)-mixed conifer forests to quantify rates of change and examine relationships with overstory structure and composition. Annual fuel deposition ranged from 0.7 to 20.1 Mg ha−1 for litter and 0.2 to 0.8 Mg ha−1 for woody fuels, exhibiting large temporal and spatial variation, and corresponded with annual precipitation during the study period. Surface fuel deposition had high spatial heterogeneity and was predicted by stand structure such as basal area and canopy cover, particularly for litter deposition, which was the main contributor to total fuel loadings in this system. Jeffery pine litter decomposition rate of 7 to 11% yr−1 over the six-year study period is among the lowest compared to other conifer forests in western North America. Two sites were distinguished by edaphic and structural characteristics, but exhibited similarities in fuels dynamics. Incorporating within-stand variation into fuel modeling could improve the accuracy in predicting fire behavior, fire effects, and stand progression.