cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design, construction, and tests of an aeroelastic wind tunnel model of a variable camber continuous trailing edge flap (VCCTEF) concept wing

The Variable Camber Continuous Trailing Edge Flap (VCCTEF) wing is a concept of current interest for a design that would allow, if validated, improvements in aircraft performance by replacing conventional, articulated flap systems with a system that would enable controlled deformation of wings via spanwise and chordwise camber shape variations that would be continuous and rich in the camber shape distributions they would allow. Anticipating considerable aeroelastic interactions with the structurally and aerodynamically optimized wings that the VCCTEF would be part of, a short schedule / low cost exploratory wind tunnel research program was launched at the University of Washington aimed at obtaining wind tunnel results for a prototype elastic VCCTEF wing that would offer initial insights and provide data for mathematical modeling and validation of simulation capabilities developed for the VCCTEF research program effort. This paper describes the wind tunnel model design, construction, and test effort at the University of Washington, including analysis / test correlations using standard aeroelastic analysis tools.
Gender Differences in Policing: Testing Hypotheses From the Performance and Disruption Perspectives

The purpose of this article was to examine emotional labor skills and the acculturation of extreme masculine values as two pathways by which gender may influence the behavior of officers in the fie...
Construction of Drug GMP Certification Inspection Management Information System in the New Situation

OBJECTIVE:To put forward the ideas on construction of a new drug GMP certification inspection management information system to meet work needs in the new situation.METHODS:The purpose,overall frame,structure and database of new system were analyzed,considering the goal and task of drug GMP certification inspection.RESULTSCONCLUSIONS:With the rapid development of information technology and drug administration,it is urgent to realize scientific supervision through establishing a new drug GMP certification inspection management information system and ensuring efficiency and quality of drug inspection.
Mechanism of Immobilized Protein A Binding to Immunoglobulin G on Nanosensor Array Surfaces

Protein A is often used for the purification and detection of antibodies such as immunoglobulin G (IgG) because of its quadrivalent domains that bind to the Fc region of these macromolecules. However, the kinetics and thermodynamics of the binding to many sensor surfaces have eluded mechanistic description due to complexities associated with multivalent interactions. In this work, we use a near-infrared (nIR) fluorescent single-walled carbon nanotube sensor array to obtain the kinetics of IgG binding to protein A, immobilized using a chelated Cu2+/His-tag chemistry to hydrogel dispersed sensors. A bivalent binding mechanism is able to describe the concentration dependence of the effective dissociation constant, KD,eff, which varies from 100 pM to 1 μM for IgG concentrations from 1 ng mL–1 to 100 μg mL–1, respectively. The mechanism is shown to describe the unusual concentration-dependent scaling demonstrated by other sensor platforms in the literature as well, and a comparison is made between resulting pa...
Longitudinal evaluation of vocal function following thyroplasty type I for the treatment of unilateral vocal paralysis

Longitudinal changes of vocal efficiency and stability following thyroplasty type I were analysed. Fifty-three patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis underwent vocal function evaluation preoperatively and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Vocal function assessment included videostrobolaryngoscopic examination, acoustical and aerodynamic analyses, and perceptual ratings of voice. Parameters including glottic gag size, maximum phonation time, glottic flow rate, jitter, harmonic to noise ratio, breathness, hoarseness, loudness and phrasing showed significant improvement after thyroplasty and remained stable within 1 month with only slight fluctuations over a 6 month period. Postoperative voice outcome was not affected by age, sex, duration of vocal symptoms, etiology of paralysis, or preoperative pulmonary function.
Wound Repairs: Unusual Problems and Solutions

This article presents solutions to difficult surgical repair problems. Solutions for the repair of defects in the ear (in this case the ear lobule) and upper lip are discussed. A solution is also provided for an exasperating problem that arises when cheek and neck lifts are done. An aid for the design of cutaneous flaps is shown, and an improvisation that can be used for the closure of wounds near the nose and upper lip is presented. Properly used, this technique can enhance the cosmetic result of wound closures that might otherwise distort the ala nasi or structures near the lip.
The fragmentation of childrens’ oral health: Access to care in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics

Improving access to care in order to reduce the burden of oral disease has gained increased attention with the passage of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2010. With regard to oral health, it is primarily children, and not adults, that have been the beneficiaries of the new mandates and policies of the ACA. There are three stakeholders involved: patients, caregivers, and payers. Each have unique needs and constraints that ultimately affect the ability of children to receive necessary dental care including both preventive/restorative and orthodontic treatment. The definition of "medically necessary care" for pediatric dentistry and orthodontics is crucial in determining access to care for children.
Podcast Comedy and ‘Authentic Outsiders’: How New Media is Challenging the Owners of Industry

ABSTRACTThis article furthers the study of American comedy by examining the emerging relationship between celebrity, podcast and other new media, in the careers of Doug Stanhope, Marc Maron and Louis CK. By studying their creative work, and their celebrity images as evidenced in their press coverage, this article suggests that this new generation of ‘outsider’ comedians is challenging the power of an American television industry which largely excluded them. Most significantly, this article suggests that through the low-budget, less conspicuously mediated form of the podcast, these comedians have been able to manufacture a perceived ‘authentic’ celebrity image, differing from that which is historically possible in television or film. By result, these ‘authentic outsiders’ have created a new niche audience for themselves, contributing towards the current transformation of American comedy – the dominance of the major networks being increasingly challenged by smaller cable and online platforms, which reflect ...
Integrated common sense learning and planning in POMDPs

We formulate a new variant of the problem of planning in an unknown environment, for which we can provide algorithms with reasonable theoretical guarantees in spite of large state spaces and time horizons, partial observability, and complex dynamics. In this variant, an agent is given a collection of example traces produced by a reference policy, which may, for example, capture the agent's past behavior. The agent is (only) asked to find policies that are supported by regularities in the dynamics that are observable on these example traces. We describe an efficient algorithm that uses such "common sense" knowledge reflected in the example traces to construct decision tree policies for goal-oriented factored POMDPs. More precisely, our algorithm (provably) succeeds at finding policy for a given input goal when (1) there is a CNF that is almost always observed satisfied on the traces of the POMDP, capturing a sufficient approximation of its dynamics and (2) for a decision tree policy of bounded complexity, there exist small-space resolution proofs that the goal is achieved on each branch using the aforementioned CNF capturing the "common sense rules." Such a CNF always exists for noisy STRIPS domains, for example. Our results thus essentially establish that the possession of a suitable exploration policy for collecting the necessary examples is the fundamental obstacle to learning to act in such environments.
Quantitating drug-target engagement in single cells in vitro and in vivo

Quantitation of drug target engagement in single cells has proven to be difficult, often leaving unanswered questions in the drug development process. We found that intracellular target engagement of unlabeled new therapeutics can be quantitated using polarized microscopy combined with competitive binding of matched fluorescent companion imaging probes. We quantitated the dynamics of target engagement of covalent BTK inhibitors, as well as reversible PARP inhibitors, in populations of single cells using a single companion imaging probe for each target. We then determined average in vivo tumor concentrations and found marked population heterogeneity following systemic delivery, revealing single cells with low target occupancy at high average target engagement in vivo.
Education of pediatric subspecialty fellows in transport medicine: a national survey.

The transport of critically ill patients to children’s hospitals is essential to current practice. The AAP Section on Transport Medicine has raised concerns about future leadership in the field as trainees receive less exposure to transport medicine. This study identifies the priorities of pediatric subspecialty fellows, fellowship directors and nursing directors in transport medicine education. Internet based surveys were distributed to fellows, fellowship directors and nursing directors of transport teams affiliated with ACGME-approved fellowships in Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine (NPM), Pediatric Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), and Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM). Data collection occurred November 2013 to March 2014. Four hundred and sixty-six responses were collected (357 fellows, 82 directors, 27 nursing directors): Six curricular elements were ranked by respondents: Transport Physiology (TP), Medical Control (MC), Vehicle Safety (VS), Medicolegal Issues (ML), Medical Protocols (MP) and State and Federal Regulations (SFR). Fellows and fellowship directors were not significantly different: TP (p = 0.63), VS (p = 0.45), SFR (p = 0.58), ML (p = 0.07), MP (p = 0.98), and MC (p = 0.36). Comparison of subspecialties found significant differences: PEM considered TP less important than NPM and PCCM (p < 0.001, p < 0.001), VS less important than NPM (p = 0.001). PEM viewed SFR and MC more important than PCCM (p = 0.006, p = 0.002); ML more important than PCCM and NPM (p = 0.001, p < 0.001). PCCM ranked MC more important than NPM (p = 0.004). Nursing directors considered TP less important than NPM and PCCM (p < 0.001, p = 0.002). When ranking curricular elements in transport medicine, fellows and fellowship directors do not differ, but comparison of subspecialties notes significant differences. A fellow curriculum in transport medicine will utilize these results.
Manipulating the molecular conformation of a nanometer-thick environmentally friendly coating to control the surface energy

Long-chain fluorocarbons are the state-of-the-art materials as nanometer-thick coatings in growing nanotechnology industries. The low surface energy, resulting from the molecular nature of C–F bonds, is the key feature of perfluoro-materials that no other material can provide. However, research in the past decades has shown that long-chain fluorocarbons pose serious toxicological and environmental concerns because their degradation products, which have at least six fluorocarbons, are bioaccumulative, toxic and have high global warming potential. One possible solution for the dilemma is to develop hydrocarbons with short fluorocarbon side chains (HC-SFSCs), which have been demonstrated to be much more environmentally friendly. However, there have been few experimental studies on nanometer-thick HC-SFSCs on a solid substrate. Moreover, it is very challenging for HC-SFSCs to provide surface energy as low as fluorocarbons do. In the current paper, a nanometer-thick HC-SFSC has been deposited on a silica substrate by dip-coating. Ellipsometry and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicated that the as-coated HC-SFSC molecules take a conformation between “random coil” and “flat chain”. Contact angle testing results showed that the as-coated HC-SFSC/silica has a relatively high surface energy and, interestingly, simple thermal annealing reduces the surface energy to a value close to that of Teflon. XPS studies suggested that the thermodynamic equilibrium conformation of HC-SFSCs on a solid substrate is actually in favor of low surface energy and the low mobility of HC-SFSCs induced by the solid confinement traps the molecule in a non-equilibrium conformation with higher surface energy. The finding here potentially provides a viable approach to make the surface energy of HC-SFSCs as low as those of the conventional perfluoro-materials.
Distributed Deep Convolutional Neural Network For Smart Camera Image Recognition

Smart Cameras brought sight to the idea of cameras as sensors for visual data rather than strictly for taking pictures. One set of applications that leverages this idea are image recognition applications. Unfortunately, a main drawback on these applications is the hardware limitations that they compromise with due to many of its applications residing in the embedded domain. As a matter of fact, a Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) is the main general algorithm used in handling the image recognition tasks that can be costly in response time, power consumption and data transfer bandwidth. However, the general architecture of a DCNN is consisted of layers that do specific processing tasks. These distribution of layers can be efficiently organized on a system consisted of Smart Cameras that can improve response time, limit power usage and reduce data transfer bandwidth. A concept is proposed to distribute the layers of a DCNN within a distributed set of Smart Cameras on embedded devices, an edge device and the Cloud that may improve response time, power consumption and data transfer bandwidth.
Complexation of DNA with Cationic Copolymer Micelles: Effects of DNA Length and Topology

Micelleplexes are promising gene delivery vehicles that form when DNA complexes with polycationic micelles. In this study, the influence of DNA length and topology on the structure and colloidal stability of micelleplexes was explored using a model system. The cationic micelles were composed of poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate)-block-poly(n-butyl methacrylate) and were complexed with linear DNA and circular plasmids of 2442, 4708, and 7537 base pairs. The cationic micelles had a mean core radius of 8 ± 1 nm and a mean hydrodynamic radius of 34 ± 1 nm in buffer at pH 5 and 100 mM ionic strength. The formation of micelleplexes was monitored by turbidimetric titration as a function of N/P ratio (amine in micelle corona/phosphate on DNA) in acetate buffers of various ionic strengths. The structure and size evolution of micelleplexes were studied by dynamic light scattering and cryo-TEM, while the composition of micelleplexes was estimated using static light scattering. The combination of these techniq...
Gut Microbiota Composition Is Related to Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Healthy Young Adults.

Bacteria residing in the human gastrointestinal tract has a symbiotic relationship with its host. Animal models have demonstrated a relationship between exercise and gut microbiota composition. Thi...
On Hegel--a study in sorcery.

When the gods are expelled from the cosmos, the world they have left becomes boring. In the seventeenth century, the ennui explored by Pascal was still the mood of a man who had lost his faith and must protect himself from the blackness of anxiety by divertissements; after the French Revolution, the ennui was recognized by Hegel as the syndrome of an age in history. It had taken a century-and-a-half for the lostness in a world without God to develop from a personal malaise of existence to a social disease.1
The Combinatorics of the Friedberg-Muchnick Theorem

The complexity of priority proofs in recursion theory has been growing since the first priority proofs in [1] and [7]. Refined versions of classic priority proofs can be found in [11]. To this date, this part of recursion theory is at about the same stage of development as real analysis was in the early days, when the notions of topology, continuity, compactness, vector space, inner product space, etc., were not invented. There were no general theorems involving these concepts to prove results about the real numbers and the proofs were repetitive and lengthy.
Seasonal Variation in Stratospheric Ozone Levels, a Functional Data Analysis Study

Stratospheric ozone plays a vital role in restricting the ultraviolet radiation that reaches the surface of the Earth, as well as in controlling the atmospheric temperature distribution. The study of seasonal, chemical, and dynamical sources of variation in ozone levels is thus an important component of climate research [Wor95]. Stratospheric ozone depletion has been linked to anthropogenic pollutant emissions, including emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (e.g., [Bra99]). Additional chemical and dynamical forcings have been studied (e.g., [So196], [Ran96]). The detrimental impacts of stratospheric ozone depletion motivate the continued study of altitude-dependent chemical and dynamical sources of stratospheric ozone variability on a variety of time scales, building on a vast literature of published ozone trend studies (including [Tia90], [Log94], [Mi197a], [Wea98], and [SRN98]). We present functional data analysis methodology to study sources of variation in observations from balloon-based instruments, known as ozonesondes.
Glaucoma in Myopia

The increasing prevalence of myopia and high myopia has important public health implications because of the concomitant increase in visual disability. This chapter focuses on glaucoma among the many myopia-associated pathological conditions. Myopia increases the risk of open-angle glaucoma independently of other risk factors including intraocular pressure.
Endolyn/CD164 Regulates Proximal Tubule Cell Survival

Endolyn/CD164 is a sialomucin expressed in epithelial, hematopoietic, and several other cell types. CD164 has been implicated in proliferation, adhesion, and migration of both normal and cancer cel...
Holocaust Houdinis (Condensed Remembrance Version)

This piece, a condensed version of the forthcoming book "Holocaust Houdinis," is a Mermelstein-Lebovits family memoir of survival and death in the Holocaust.
Cloud Phase and Relative Humidity Distributions over the Southern Ocean in Austral Summer Based on In Situ Observations and CAM5 Simulations

AbstractCloud phase and relative humidity (RH) distributions at −67° to 0°C over the Southern Ocean during austral summer are compared between in situ airborne observations and global climate simul...
In vitro storage of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) eggs

The possibility of egg storage after stripping was examined in pikeperch (Sander lucioperca). The storage temperature was adjusted to 4 °C, as the cold storage temperature, and to 15 °C, as the natural spawning temperature of pikeperch. Batches of 2 g egg aliquots from four females were fertilized at 0, 12, 24, and 48 h post stripping (HPS). The highest fertilization and hatching rates were obtained immediately after the stripping of the eggs. Thereafter, the values decreased significantly (P < 0.05); fertilization rates dropped to 5% at 48 HPS at the storage temperature of 4 °C and to 10% at 24 HPS at 15 °C. In addition, with elapsing time after ovulation, the embryo mortality and larval malformation rates increased significantly. The embryo mortalities increased from 35% at 0 HPS to 100% at 24 HPS at 4 °C and at 12 HPS at 15 °C. The larval malformation rates also increased from 36% at 0 HPS to 71% at 12 HPS at the storage temperature of 4 °C. Pikeperch eggs, therefore, should be immediately fertilized after stripping to obtain the highest egg fertilization and hatching rates, as well as the lowest embryo mortality and larval malformation rates.
Will Angiosocopy Replace Operative Arteriography in the 1990s

Vascular surgeons have always been concerned with the intra-operative assessment of their reconstructions. Failure of vascular reconstructions in the early post-operative period is most commonly a result of a technical error at the time of surgery. Hence, any technique which aids the vascular surgeon in evaluating his reconstruction and in preventing technical errors will be beneficial to both the surgeon and their patient. Traditionally, intra-operative arteriography has been the 'gold standard' for evaluating vascular surgical procedures.
Phase 1 Dose-Escalation Study to Evaluate the Pharmacokinetics, Safety, and Tolerability of Tofacitinib in Japanese Healthy Volunteers.

The aim of the study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of tofacitinib, an oral Janus kinase inhibitor for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis in healthy Japanese volunteers, and to compare these outcomes with those of healthy Western volunteers. Twenty-five volunteers (Japanese, n = 16; Western [white], n = 9) were randomized to receive either 3 escalating single doses of tofacitinib (1, 5, and 30 mg), single-dose tofacitinib (15 mg) followed by multiple doses (15 mg twice daily for 5 days), or placebo. No significant differences in systemic exposure to tofacitinib were detected between the 2 ethnicities. Following single tofacitinib 1, 5, and 30 mg doses, mean area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time zero to infinity ratio (Japanese/Western) values were 96.6%, 93.5%, and 95.6%, respectively. Similarly, mean maximum observed plasma concentration ratio values were 99.5%, 118%, and 119%, respectively. Mean renal clearance was also similar, ranging across doses from 134 mL/min (5 mg) to 162 mL/min (1 mg) in Japanese volunteers, and 124 mL/min (30 mg) to 160 mL/min (1 mg) in Western volunteers. In both ethnicities, most adverse events were mild. No serious adverse events or deaths were reported. The pharmacokinetics of tofacitinib were well characterized in healthy Japanese volunteers and were similar to those in Western volunteers.
A novel automatic hyper-parameter estimation for penalized PET reconstruction

Automatic hyper-parameter selection in the penalized iterative PET reconstruction is still an unsolved problem and difficult to define the criteria which hyper-parameter is optimal. We propose a novel automatic hyper-parameter method for the typical penalized PET reconstruction by estimating the noise property in a voxel. In the proposed method, a novel back-projected relative variance (BRV) method is developed to automatically calculate the hyper-parameter. Specifically, a relative (percentage) variance is estimated in sinogram domain by assuming the re-projected sinogram is the mean of the measurement, and then a voxel-wise mean noise variation is calculated by back-projecting relative variance. We directly use the back-projected relative variance as the hyper-parameter. In the optimization, we use a forward-backward proximal splitting method, which does not introduce additional parameters. We demonstrate that the proposed method is very robust against noise and provides better detectability.
Addressing the Overlap: Sexual Victimization and/or Perpetration Experience, and Participant Gender Predicting Rape Empathy

The purpose of this study was to examine empathy with a hypothetical rape victim and rapist based on sexual victimization experience and/or sexual perpetration experience, and participant gender. U...
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Impacts of Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate Use on HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in Women.

Background Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is a commonly used contraceptive in areas where use of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and emtricitabine for HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is increasing. Objectives We aimed to investigate the impact of DMPA on PrEP drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in women using PrEP before and after DMPA administration. Methods In this pilot study, twelve HIV-negative women ages 18-45 underwent biological sample collection at three time points: before study drug, after 2 weeks of daily PrEP use alone, and after 2 weeks of daily PrEP and concomitant DMPA use. We measured drug and drug metabolites in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cervicovaginal fluid, cervical tissue, and rectal fluid after each 2-week course of PrEP. We measured HIV replication ex vivo in genital tissue biopsies and innate anti-HIV activity in cervicovaginal fluid before PrEP and after both courses. We compared drug concentrations after PrEP alone to after PrEP and DMPA in the same participant using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. We used mixed effects linear regression models to compare pharmacodynamic measures for each participant at pre-drug baseline, after PrEP alone, and after PrEP and DMPA. Results We found no significant differences in PrEP drug and drug metabolite concentrations in any compartment during concomitant DMPA use compared to use of PrEP alone, except for a reduction in emtricitabine concentration in cervical tissue. We found no difference in HIV replication in cervical tissue or anti-HIV activity in cervicovaginal fluid during concomitant DMPA and PrEP use compared to during PrEP use alone. Conclusions Concomitant use of DMPA does not clinically alter pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics of PrEP in women. These data support the safety of DMPA use in women using PrEP.
Something’s Afoot: Conservative Populist Oppositionalism

I examine two of the most controversial issues that came before Parliament during John Stuart Mill’s time in office: parliamentary reform, and the Morant Bay Massacre. I argue that Mill’s relentless pursuit of the prosecution of Governor Eyre for the Morant Bay Massacre made him a target of Carlyle’s conservative populist oppositionalism, which cost him the justice he sought for the families of the victims of Morant Bay, and re-election to Parliament in 1868. Moreover, I argue that some twenty-first century politicians still make Mill’s mistake of pursuing pet policies relentlessly. For example, President Obama’s relentless pursuit of the ACA made him the target of the conservative populist oppositionalism of the Tea Party. I conclude that if Mill and Obama had pursued alternative compromise policies, they would have increased their chances of achieving their ends, and of resolving the discontent and disillusion that led to the election of conservative politicians after them.
Rare Oral Presentation of a Mycophenolate Mofetil-Related Other Iatrogenic Immunodeficiency-Associated Lymphoproliferative Disorder (MMF-OIA-LPD) Lesion: A Case Report and Literature Review

Oral manifestations of side effects of medications, such as methotrexate (MTX) for management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for solid organ transplant (SOT), are very rare. The known side effects include entities called other iatrogenic immunodeficiency-associated lymphoproliferative disorders (OIIA-LPD) due to immunosuppression caused by these medications. While there has been an increased incidence of oral cavity LPD reported in the literature associated with MTX, oral presentations that involve MMF are rare. This case report will detail a 74-year-old man with scleroderma treated with MMF who developed Epstein-Barr virus + polymorphic B-cell lymphoproliferative disorder in the right maxillary gingiva presenting as osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). His oral presentation was successfully treated with a combination of surgery and MMF dosage reduction with an oral presentation free of disease at 6 months follow-up. This is the first known case report of an oral manifestation of MMF-related OIIA-LPD.
Do financial development and political institutions act as substitutes or complements

This paper examines the interactive impact of financial development and political institutions on a specific development outcome: gross domestic investment. We explore whether financial development...
Academic questions on jihadist sources, analysis, and networks: a rejoinder to will Reno on Unmasking Boko Haram

This article responds to Will Reno’s review of my book, Unmasking Boko Haram: Exploring Global Jihad in Nigeria, in issue 32, 1, 2021 of Small Wars and Insurgencies by examining source validity, an...
Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Dementia-Common Gene Associations through Network-Based Identification of Common Driver Genes.

Background: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) occurs in 7% of the adult population. The relationship between neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia and sleep disorders have long attracted clinical attention; however, no comprehensive data exists elucidating common gene expression between the two diseases. The objective of this study was to (1) demonstrate the practicability and feasibility of utilizing a systems biology approach called network-based identification of common driver genes (NICD) to identify common genomic features between two associated diseases and (2) utilize this approach to identify genes associated with both OSA and dementia. Methods: This study utilized 2 public databases (PCNet, DisGeNET) and a permutation assay in order to identify common genes between two co-morbid but mutually exclusive diseases. These genes were then linked to their mechanistic pathways through Enrichr, producing a list of genes that were common between the two different diseases. Results: 42 common genes were identified between OSA and dementia which were primarily linked to the G-coupled protein receptor (GPCR) and olfactory pathways. No single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the viability of using publicly available databases and permutation assays along with canonical pathway linkage to identify common gene drivers as potential mechanistic targets for comorbid diseases.
Call for action: Increased healthcare utilization with growing use of percutaneous cholecystectomy tube over initial cholecystectomy in cirrhotics.

Background Acute calculous cholecystitis (ACC) is frequently seen in cirrhotics, with some being poor candidates for initial cholecystectomy. Instead, these patients may undergo percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement. We studied the healthcare utilization and predictors of cholecystectomy and PCT in patients with ACC. Methods The National Database was queried to study all cirrhotics and non-cirrhotics with ACC between 2010–2014 who underwent initial PCT (with or without follow-up cholecystectomy) or cholecystectomy. Cirrhotic patients were divided into compensated and decompensated cirrhosis. Independent predictors and outcomes of initial PCT and failure to undergo subsequent cholecystectomy were studied. Results Out of 919 189 patients with ACC, 13 283 (1.4%) had cirrhosis. Among cirrhotics, cholecystectomy was performed in 12 790 (96.3%) and PCT in the remaining 493 (3.7%). PCT was more frequent in cirrhotics (3.7%) than in non-cirrhotics (1.4%). Multivariable analyses showed increased early readmissions [odds ratio (OR) = 2.12, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.43–3.13, P Conclusions Cirrhotic patients undergo fewer cholecystectomy incurring initial PCT instead. Moreover, the rates of follow-up cholecystectomy are lower in cirrhotics. Increased healthcare utilization is seen with initial PCT amongst cirrhotic patients. This situation reflects suboptimal management of ACC in cirrhotics and a call for action.
Adrenocortical Carcinoma: The Value of Lymphadenectomy.

Background Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) staging does not account for the number of positive nodes. The prognostic value of quantitative metastatic nodal burden is unknown. Methods The National Cancer Database was retrospectively queried from 2004-2016 to identify patients with Stage I-III ACC undergoing adrenalectomy. Patients who underwent lymphadenectomy (LAD) were further studied. Demographics, TNM staging, tumor characteristics, and surgical approach were analyzed. Results 386 LADs were identified. The median number of nodes examined was 2 (IQR 2-6), with no difference by surgical approach '[laparoscopic, 3 (1-3); robotic, 1.5 (1-4.5); open, 2 (1-7), p = 0.493]. In LADs with cN0 disease, positive nodes were seen in 17.5% of patients; an average of 6 (1-12) nodes were examined in patients who upstaged to pN1 disease compared with an average of 2 (1-6) nodes in those who remained pN0. Median survival was incrementally worse for patients with more positive nodes (62.8 vs. 21.9 vs. 13.7 vs. 11.3 vs. 10.7 months for 0, 1, 2, 3, and ≥ 4 positive nodes, respectively, p Conclusions Higher quantitative metastatic nodal burden is a robust prognostic factor for worse survival in ACC.
Deep Reaction Network Exploration at a Heterogeneous Catalytic Interface

Characterizing the reaction energies and reaction barriers of complex reaction networks is central to catalyst development and optimization. Nevertheless, heterogeneous catalytic surfaces pose several unique challenges to automatic reaction network characterization, including large system sizes and open-ended reactant lists, that make ad hoc network construction and characterization the current state-of-the-art. Here we show how automated algorithms for exploring and characterizing reaction networks can be adapted to the constraints of heterogeneous systems using ethylene oligomerization on silica-supported single site Ga3+ catalysts as a model system. Using only graph-based rules for exploring the network and elementary constraints based on activation energy and system size for identifying network terminations, a comprehensive reaction network was generated for this system and validated against standard methods. The automated algorithm (re)discovers the classic Cossee-Arlman mechanism for this system that is hypothesized to drive major product formation while remarkably also predicting several new pathways for producing alkanes and coke precursors. This demonstration represents the largest heterogeneous catalyst (more than 50 atoms, with an open-ended pool of reactants) to be characterized using a quantum chemistry-based automated reaction method.
Nucleation, growth, and stability of WSe2 thin films deposited on HOPG examined using in situ, real-time synchrotron x-ray radiation

We have examined the nucleation and growth of WSe2 thin films in ultrahigh vacuum on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) using in situ real-time x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and ex situ x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. We employed W(CO)6 as the W source delivered via a supersonic molecular beam, Sen delivered via an effusion cell, and we examined substrate temperatures from 400 to 540 °C. Crystalline, near stoichiometric thin films were formed at temperatures Ts ≤ 470 °C, whereas those formed at 540 °C were very W-rich. The thin films were not continuous but consisted of filamentlike features with spikelike edges. A focus of our work was to examine the initial stages of growth and the effects of extinguishing one of the species (W or Se) both before and during growth. First, in all cases examined, there was a delay in the onset of a measurable rate of growth on the clean HOPG surface following the introduction of both species, W(CO)6 and Sen. In cases where the incident flux of W(CO)6 was gated, once WSe2 growth had commenced, extinguishing the flux of W(CO)6 quenched growth immediately and did not result in the deposition of additional Se. Once the incident flux of W(CO)6 was re-started, growth began essentially immediately. The pattern with Sen gating was strikingly different. In this case, once WSe2 growth had commenced, extinguishing the flux of Sen resulted in a continuing uptake of W essentially unabated, while the amount of Se in the thin film decreased, which resulted in an oscillation in the Se-to-W content in the thin film. As the thin films were stable in UHV in the absence of both species, the incident W(CO)6 is responsible for the etching of Se, which we postulate is due to a ligand exchange reaction forming volatile SeCO.
Measurement and Evaluation of Real-World Speed and Acceleration Activity Envelopes for Light-Duty Vehicles

Accurate estimation of vehicle activity is critically important for the accurate estimation of emissions. To provide a benchmark for estimation of vehicle speed trajectories such as those from traffic simulation models, this paper demonstrates a method for quantifying light-duty vehicle activity envelopes based on real-world activity data for 100 light-duty vehicles, including conventional passenger cars, passenger trucks, and hybrid electric vehicles. The vehicle activity envelope was quantified in the 95% frequency range of acceleration for each of 15 speed bins with intervals of 5 mph and a speed bin for greater than 75 mph. Potential factors affecting the activity envelope were evaluated; these factors included vehicle type, transmission type, road grade, engine displacement, engine horsepower, curb weight, and ratio of horsepower to curb weight. The activity envelope was wider for speeds ranging from 5 to 20 mph and narrowed as speed increased. The latter was consistent with a constraint on maximum a...
Arguments Against Idealism

In the ‘Autobiography’ that he contributed to the Schilpp volume of 1942 Moore remarks that upon first hearing MacTaggart propose and then argue for the thesis that time is unreal he surely was astonished and quick to oppose it, even if inexpertly.1 The implication is that anti-idealism was a position maintained consistently by Moore from the very beginning of his career. But that implication is misleading.
International Students' Travel Behavior: A Model of the Travel-Related Consumer/Dissatisfaction Process

Abstract This paper addresses two purposes. One, it explores the satisfiers of international student travel behavior. Two, the study introduces a specific multidimensional value conceptualization to the travel literature. A structural model is explored that shows how characteristics such as perceived safety, fun, and educational benefits create travel satisfaction through their impact on personal hedonic and utilitarian travel value perceptions.
Comparing the Efficiency of Asynchronous Systems

A timed process algebra is developed for evaluating the temporal worst-case efficiency of asynchronous concurrent systems. For the sake of simplicity, we use a classical CCS-like algebra where actions may occur arbitrarily within a continuous time interval, yielding arbitrary relative speeds of the components. Via the timed testing approach, asynchronous systems are then related w.r.t. their worst-case efficiency, yielding an efficiency preorder. We show that this preorder can just as well be based on much simpler discrete time and that it can be characterized with some kind of refusal traces. Finally, precongruence results are provided for all operators of the algebra, where prefix, choice and recursion require special attention.
Fast algorithms for (max, min)-matrix multiplication and bottleneck shortest paths

Given a directed graph with a capacity on each edge, the all-pairs bottleneck paths (APBP) problem is to determine, for all vertices s and t, the maximum flow that can be routed from s to t. For dense graphs this problem is equivalent to that of computing the (max, min)-transitive closure of a real-valued matrix. In this paper, we give a (max, min)-matrix multiplication algorithm running in time O(n(3+ω)/2) ≤ O(n2.688), where ω is the exponent of binary matrix multiplication. Our algorithm improves on a recent O(n2+ω/3) ≤ O(n2.792)- time algorithm of Vassilevska, Williams, and Yuster. Although our algorithm is slower than the best APBP algorithm on vertex capacitated graphs, running in O(n2.575) time, it is just as efficient as the best algorithm for computing the dominance product, a problem closely related to (max, min)-matrix multiplication.Our techniques can be extended to give subcubic algorithms for related bottleneck problems. The all-pairs bottleneck shortest paths problem (APBSP) asks for the maximum flow that can be routed along a shortest path. We give an APBSP algorithm for edge-capacitated graphs running in O(n(3+ω)/2) time and a slightly faster O(n2.657)-time algorithm for vertex-capactitated graphs. The second algorithm significantly improves on an O(n2.859)-time APBSP algorithm of Shapira, Yuster, and Zwick. Our APBSP algorithms make use of new hybrid products we call the distance-max-min product and dominance-distance product.
Influences of Ethnicity, Family Communication, and Media on Adolescents' Socialization to U.S. Politics.

This study focuses on the influences of ethnic group membership and family communication environment variables on adolescents’ knowledge, dispositions, and efficacy toward United States politics. Data were gathered in a survey of 10th‐, 11th‐, and 12th‐grade students. Hispanic ethnicity predicts more socio‐oriented family communication, less interpersonal political communication, less political knowledge, and less efficacy, while Native‐American ethnicity predicts less political communication. Results also suggest that adolescents make selective use of actual and vicarious experiences with the minority and majority cultures in their socialization to politics.
Comparative Psychology in Historical Perspective

Comparative psychology entails the search for general principles regarding the immediate control, development, adaptive function, and evolutionary histories of behavioral patterns. It has been a part of the discipline of psychology since its inception as a separate field of inquiry. I trace the history of comparative psychology from the earliest evidence of interest in animals to the present. Although comparative psychology as a subdiscipline can be traced through British origins, as exemplified by Charles Darwin and a group of other British animal behaviorists, it matured in North America during the 20th century. It became a visible part of American psychology prior to WWI but faded during and shortly after the war. Some important psychologists entered the field between the wars and provided the foundation for its development and expansion after WWII. Aided by federal funding, the field thrived after the war. The influences of reformulated European ethology, evolutionary theory, and the so-called cognitive revolution all created important changes in the field. Recent years have seen a return of increased international representation, greater influence of women, and increased collaborative research. Keywords: animal behavior; zoological psychology; ethology; evolution
The speed of adjustment of the actual to the desired money stock: A comparative study

Abstract This article examines whether there are significant differences in the speed of adjustment of the actual to the desired money stock among major industrialized countries. Demand for money functions, including a partial adjustment hypothesis, were estimated for the United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Germany, France and Japan essentially over the period 1960–1976. The functions were tested for stability and found to be stable in most cases. The estimations show that, mainly with the exception of Germany and the United Kingdom for broad money, the speed of adjustment is relatively high. These results tend to support monetarist views. The statistical test for differences in the speed of adjustment revealed that only a few significant differences exist when narrow money is used. When broad money is used, howeever, the United Kingdom and Germany are shown to have significantly slower speeds of adjustment than almost all the other countries.
Two Views of Social Justice: A Catholic/Georgist Dialogue

Two Views of Social Justice: A Catholic/Georgist Dialogue Kenneth R. Lord NATURAL LAW Principal Concepts in Henry George s Theory of Natural Law: A Brief Commentary on The Science of Political Economy Francis K. Peddle Natural Law and the Roman Catholic Tradition: The Importance of Philosophical Realism Anthony J. Lisska HUMAN NATURE Human Nature from a Georgist Perspective James Dawsey Human Nature from a Catholic Perspective Joseph Koterski, S.J. NATURE OF WORK Just Reward: The Nature of Work and Its Remuneration in the Economics and Ethics of Henry George Brendan Hennigan Human Work in Catholic Social Thought Daniel Finn RERUM NOVARUM Going My Way? Wending a Way Through the Stumbling Blocks Between Georgism and Catholicism Mason Gaffney A Catholic Response to Henry George s Critique of Pope Leo XIII s Rerum Novarum J. Brian Benestad CAUSES OF WAR Henry George s Perspective on War and Peace Alanna Hartzok Just War: A Catholic Perspective Cui Non Videtur Causa Justa? Margaret Monahan Hogan IMMIGRATION Henry George and Immigration John H. Beck A Little Common Sense: The Ethics of Immigration in Catholic Social Teaching William R. O Neill, S.J.
Disaster tourism and disaster landscape attractions after Hurricane Katrina

Purpose – The paper's primary goals are three‐fold: to explore how disaster tourism serves as a vehicle for self‐reflection in respect to how the disaster tour affects the tourist; to understand how cultures adapt to abrupt change; and to understand how the tourism industry can lead to the cultural and economic revitalization of devastated areas.Design/methodology/approach – This paper draws on sociological theory, experience, and participant observation to complete an autoethnographic study of a “disaster tour” in and around the New Orleans, Louisiana, metropolitan area.Findings – Conveying information via auto‐ethnographic disaster tourism helps readers develop an understanding of others by being immersed in the tour experience. Placing the researchers in the midst of the analysis presents a perspective of the cultural mix of New Orleans as place set apart, even among places in the south. Finally, this study highlights the importance of a rapidly rebounding tourism industry by “branding” New Orleans as ...
The Unknown City: The Lives of Poor and Working‐Class Young Adults.

The Unknown City: The Lives of Poor and Working-Class Young Adults. Michelle Fine and Lois Weis. Boston: Beacon Press, 1998. 342 pp.
Global dose rate in TFTR due to neutron induced residual radioactivities during DT operation

This paper presents our recent analysis on the global radioactivation dose rate in TFTR for the upcoming DT operation. We show the profiles for the dose rate decay at four representative locations of interest in the test cell area. The dose rate data, together with the extensive radioactivity data base that we have developed, provide us with the essential information needed for the planning of the TFTR operation, decommissioning and waste disposal.
A COMPARISON OF RESISTANCE BROADENING IN MAGNETIC FIELD OF SINGLE CRYSTAL YBa2Cu3O7−δ AND THE ORGANIC SUPERCONDUCTOR κ-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br

AC resistivity measurements in fields up to 8 Tesla in fully oxygenated and oxygen deficient single crystals of YBa2Cu3O7−δ are presented. Fully oxygenated crystals show the characteristic ‘fantail’ broadening in magnetic field where the onset temperature remains virtually independent of the applied magnetic field and the zero resistance temperature decreases dramatically. However, in oxygen deficient crystals, the temperature dependence of the resistivity undergoes a change in shape at high magnetic fields. These results are compared with the recently discovered highest Tc=11.6 K organic superconductor κ-(ET)2Cu[N(CN)2]Br where the shape of the resistive transition for H||b undergoes a change from a ‘fantail’ resistive broadening in magnetic field to that of a more conventional low Tc superconductor.