cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In vitro studies of lactoferrin and murine granulopoiesis

Human lactoferrin (LF) has been reported to inhibit in vitro granulopoiesis by means of decreasing colony-stimulating activity production by monocytes. We performed a series of experiments to determine if the reported experimental results could be replicated using highly purified murine LF and murine target cells. Three different types of experiments were performed. (1) Medium was conditioned by lung, femoral shaft, and adherent peritoneal cells in the presence and absence of LF, and the granulopoietic stimulating activity in the conditioned media was assayed by means of a 7-day agar colony assay and a 3-day liquid slide chamber assay, which quantitates 3H-TdR incorporation into DNA. (2) In cultures stimulated by an underlayer of adherent peritoneal cells, marrow cell colony formation in agar was determined after 7 days of culture in the presence or absence of LF. (3) LF was added to 3-day liquid marrow cell cultures that had been stimulated by lung or femoral shaft conditioned media. In all experimental situations, highly purified, iron-saturated LF in concentrations up to 10(-7) M had no effect on in vitro granulopoiesis. These results do not support LF's reputed regulatory role in granulopoiesis.
Parallel Lattice Basis Reduction Using a Multi-threaded Schnorr-Euchner LLL Algorithm

In this paper, we introduce a new parallel variant of the LLL lattice basis reduction algorithm. Our new, multi-threaded algorithm is the first to provide an efficient, parallel implementation of the Schorr-Euchner algorithm for today's multi-processor, multi-core computer architectures. Experiments with sparse and dense lattice bases show a speed-up factor of about 1.8 for the 2-thread and about factor 3.2 for the 4-thread version of our new parallel lattice basis reduction algorithm in comparison to the traditional non-parallel algorithm.
Outcomes-based assessment as an assurance education tool

The goal of Syracuse University's Certificate of Advanced Study in Systems Assurance (CASSA) program is to develop students who (1) comprehend the concepts underlying security and system assurance; (2) can apply those concepts to construct assured systems; and (3) can critically analyze and evaluate systems' conformance to their requirements. Because of this third requirement, a key component of the CASSA program is an emphasis on using formal mathematics and logic to provide a rigorous basis for the assurance of information and information systems.Our purpose in writing this paper is twofold. The first is to report on our progress in delivering an assurance curriculum with a strong emphasis on logic and formal methods. Specifically, we describe what we are teaching in two of our foundational courses, as well as what our students are learning. The second and broader purpose is to advocate the use of an outcome-based approach when developing IA courses and curricula. We have found that focusing on the desired educational outcomes from the outset has made it easier to identify what is working and what is not, and we wish to share our experiences.
Back to the Beginning

It was in one context a very bold and possibly foolish move, founding a new laboratory from nothing in pursuit of a unique set of objectives. In 1985 the Woods Hole Research Center was created from a well financed and successful institute of ecology, which I had myself started and built just ten years earlier under the umbrella of the Marine Biological Laboratory. I had had by that time, 1985, a great deal of experience, and not a little frustration, in building research programs in ecology. I had long thought that it was time for ecology to stand alone, to have its own intensively interested staff and trustees and supporters, and to be able to define its own objectives in a world that was badly in need of new principles of environmental science. And it was daily more important to move that knowledge into the business of government.
General Motors Progress Towards the Federal Research Objective Emission Levels

Six vehicles that have achieved the Federal research objective emission levels at low mileage are described. Two vehicles have completed 50,000 miles of durability below the .41/3.4/.41 g/mi levels. Two vehicles failed these emission levels by 10,000 miles. There is a loss in fuel economy of about 7% and the driveability range from non-commercial to beorderline commercial. The ongoing program objectives are to reduce the sensitivity of these systems to emission deterioration and driveability defects and to reduce the fuel economy losses.
General Wood: Physician, Rough Rider, Ambassador, Presidential Candidate, Patient. (P1.285)

Dr. Leonard Wood was an accomplished physician and military general whose varied and influential life bears significance medically and historically and deserves particular attention. Leonard Wood earned his degree in medicine at Harvard Medical School in 1884. He served as an army contract physician and, while stationed in Arizona, was involved in the Apache campaigns defeating Geronimo. As a close friend of Theodore Roosevelt, he served as his senior officer and organized the first volunteer cavalry regimen known as the Rough Riders and undertook military operations in Cuba during the Spanish American War in 1898. Wood remained in Cuba as the military Governor and, while there, accomplished tremendous social reforms among which was the eradication of yellow fever, thus, enabling the construction of the Panama Canal. By 1902, Wood became increasingly aware of numbness in his left leg and arm that progressed to spastic paraparesis. A focal seizure in 1904 prompted medical attention, and in 1905, an operation was performed to remove a psammomatous tumor from his right calvaria. He resumed active duty. However, in 1908, he experienced recurrent symptoms and, in 1909, was evaluated by Dr. Harvey Cushing. In early 1910, due to deteriorating clinical status and at Wood’s request, Cushing performed the first successful removal of a parasagittal meningioma. This marked a turning point in Cushing’s career as a Neurosurgeon and greatly changed attitudes toward the possibilities of brain surgery. Soon thereafter, Wood returned to work and composed three books, was named Army Chief of Staff, served as Lieutenant General in WWI and ambassador to the Philippines, and nearly secured the Republican nomination in the 1920 presidential campaign. However, he neglected progressive symptoms of recurrence until 1927 when he returned to see Cushing. Cushing attempted repeat resection, but Wood died following surgery from an intracerebral hemorrhage Disclosure: Dr. Daras has nothing to disclose. Dr. Massey has nothing to disclose.
Nickel-hydrogen cell low-Earth life test update

When individual pressure vessel (IPV) nickel-hydrogen (Ni/H2) cells were selected as the energy storage system for the Space Station Freedom in March of 1986, a limited database existed on life and performance characteristics of these cells in a low earth orbit (LEO) regime. Therefore, NASA LeRC initiated a Ni/H2 cell test program with the primary objectives of building a test facility, procuring cells from existing NASA contracts, and screening several cell designs by life testing in a LEO 35 percent depth of discharge (DOD) scenario. A total of 40 cells incorporating 13 designs were purchased from Yardney, Hughes, and Eagle-Picher. Thirty-two of the cells purchased were 65 A-hr nameplate capacity and eight cells were 50 A-hr. Yardney and Eagle-Picher cells were built with both the Air Force recirculating and the advanced back-to-back electrode stack configurations and incorporated 31 and 26 percent KOH. Acceptance testing of the first delivered cells began in March of 1988, with life testing following in September of that year.Performance comparisons of these cells are made here while specifically addressing life test data relative to the design differences.
Pacemaker Endocarditis Viewed via Intracardiac Ultrasonography

A 61-year-old man with chronic dual-chamber pacemaker implantation was admitted with a 3-day history of fever, chills, dyspnea, and productive cough. Multiple blood cultures grew methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. A transesophageal echocardiogram showed evidence of endocarditis, with a small vegetation (approximately 1.0 cm) on the ventricular pacemaker lead (Fig. 1). Intracardiac ultrasonography was performed before percutaneous extraction of the right atrial and right ventricular pacemaker leads, with the patient under general anesthesia. A large (1.5 × 3-cm) pedunculated vegetation could be seen adhering to the ventricular lead, prolapsing through the tricuspid annulus (Fig. 2). After consulting with cardiothoracic surgeons, we proceeded with transvenous extraction, using an excimer laser and telescoping sheaths. Apparently, the vegetation was shredded or dislodged during the procedure, because follow-up images showed no vegetations. The patient tolerated the procedure well, remaining hemodynamically stable throughout. Within 48 hours, he developed transient fever, pleuritic chest pain, and a right hilar infiltrate; however, these were resolved with antibiotic therapy. Fig. 2 Intracardiac ultrasonography of the pacemaker lead. A large, mobile vegetation is attached to the ventricular lead near the tricuspid annulus. Fig. 1 Transesophageal echocardiogram of the pacemaker lead. An apparently small vegetation (arrowhead) was visible on the ventricular portion of the lead.
Medical Marijuana and the Limits of the Compassionate Use Act: Ross v. RagingWire Telecommunications

Gary Ross suffered a back injury while serving his country in the United States Air Force and treats the continuing pain and spasms with marijuana, pursuant to California’s Compassionate Use Act.1 Due to his ongoing ingestion of marijuana, Ross failed the pre-employment drug test required by RagingWire Telecommunications, Inc., an information technology company.2 Upon receiving notice of this failure, Ragingwire fired Ross, who had begun work a few days prior. Ross sued the company for discrimination under California’s Fair Employment and Housing Act (FEHA)3 and for wrongful termination in violation of public policy.4
Ultrasound Evaluation of the Normal Ulnar Nerve in Guyon's Tunnel: Cross-sectional Area and Anthropometric Measurements

Abstract Background Ulnar nerve (UN) entrapment is an infrequent disorder, but is often seen in long-distance cyclists. Electrodiagnosis and imaging modalities, including ultrasound, are used for diagnosis. The goal of this study was to obtain sonographic normative data of the UN in Guyon's tunnel, to establish the diagnosis of Guyon's tunnel syndrome in future studies. Anthropometric measures were also obtained. Methods A total of 46 healthy volunteers (30 men) were recruited (mean age, 24.7 ± 3.1 years), and a total of 83 wrists were examined. The examinations included anthropometric measurements (wrist width, wrist depth, wrist circumference, palm length, and hand width) and ultrasound measurement of the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the UN in Guyon's tunnel. B-mode sonography and power Doppler were employed. Results The UN CSA in Guyon's tunnel for male volunteers was 6.0 ± 2.0 mm 2 , and 5.0 ± 1.0 mm 2 for female volunteers. There was a significant difference between female and male volunteers in the measurements of wrist width, wrist depth, wrist circumference, palm length, hand width, and UN CSA ( p p Conclusion Nerve CSA may differ by gender and this may be related to body size. Therefore, the contralateral side is more useful as a reference standard than the gender mean.
Periodic trends in metal hydride donor thermodynamics: Measurement and comparison of the hydride donor abilities of the series HM(PNP)2+ (M = Ni, Pd, Pt; PNP = Et2PCH2N(Me)CH2PEt2)

The complexes M(PNP)22+ (M = Pd, Pt, PNP = Et2PCH2N(Me)CH2PEt2) were synthesized by addition of PNP to Pd(CH3CN)4(BF4)2 and (COD)PtCl2, respectively. Pd(PNP)2 was synthesized by reaction of Pd(PNP)22+ with H2 and tetramethylguanidine (TMG) in CH3CN. The thermodynamic hydride donor ability, ΔG°H-, for HPt(PNP)2+ (54.7 kcal/mol) was measured by heterolytic cleavage of hydrogen in the presence of NEt3 in CH3CN. The hydride donor ability of HPd(PNP)2+ (51.1 kcal/mol) was determined by measuring the equilibrium constant for direct hydride transfer to Pt(PNP)22+. The M(II) complexes undergo reversible, two-electron reductions in benzonitrile. The measured reduction potentials were used in a thermodynamic cycle to estimate pKa values of 22.1 and 27.6 for deprotonation of HPd(PNP)2+ and HPt(PNP)2+, respectively. The palladium hydride has an acidity equal to that of the nickel hydride and is a better hydride donor than both the nickel and platinum analogues. This shows that it is possible for transition metal hydr...
Coping Strategies as Mediators of the Relations Among Perceived Control and Distress in Sexual Assault Survivors.

Two studies assessed whether coping strategies mediate the relations among 2 forms of perceived control (past and present control) and postassault distress among female sexual assault survivors. In Study 1, longitudinal data were gathered from 2 weeks to 1 year postassault (N = 171). Past control (behavioral self-blame) was associated with more distress partly because it was associated with greater social withdrawal. Present control (control over the recovery process) was associated with less distress partly because it was associated with less social withdrawal and more cognitive restructuring. In Study 2, cross-sectional data were gathered from a community sample of nonrecent survivors of sexual assault (N = 131). Coping strategies again mediated the relations among the measures of past and present control and distress.
A new methodology for reduced cost of resilience

Resilient design techniques are used to (i) ensure correct operation under dynamic variations; and (ii) improve design performance (e.g., through timing speculation). However, significant overheads (e.g., 17% and 15% energy penalties due to throughput degradation and additional circuits) are incurred by existing resilient design techniques. For instance, resilient designs require additional circuits to detect and correct timing errors. Further, when there is an error, the additional cycles needed to restore a previous correct state degrade throughput, which diminishes the performance benefit of using resilient designs. In this work, we propose a methodology for resilient design implementation to minimize the costs of resilience in terms of power, area and throughput degradation. Our methodology uses two levers: selective-endpoint optimization (i.e., sensitivity-based margin insertion) and clock skew optimization. We integrate the two optimization techniques in an iterative optimization flow which comprehends toggle rate information and the tradeoff between cost of resilience and margin on combinational paths. Our proposed flow achieves energy reductions of up to 19% and 21% compared to a conventional design (with only margin used to attain robustness) and a brute-force implementation, respectively. These benefits increase in the context of an adaptive voltage scaling strategy.
Derivatization of estrogen conjugates for analysis by capillary gas chromatography

Abstract By using 20 meter wall-coated open tubular glass capillary columns of high stability, analysis of methyl ester, methyloxime trimethylsilyl ether derivatives of estrogen glucuronides has been achieved. Relative retention times of five glucuronide conjugates on 0V-1 stationary phase are reported. Estrogen sulfates conjugated at the 3-position were shown to be quantitatively hydrolyzed and derivatized in a single trimethyl-silylation step, and this method of direct derivatization was compared to two solvolysis methods. These analytical methods could be further developed to allow rapid and quantitative analysis of estrogens in biological fluids, and may prove particularly useful for analysis of labile compounds.
Classical equations for non-abelian gauge theories in the large-N limit

The classical equations that dominate the large-N limit of non-abelian gauge theories are derived, and it is shown that they satisfy boundary conditions that follow from the quantization of time-independent gauge transformations.
Electromigration-induced wave propagation on surfaces of voids in metallic thin films: Hopf bifurcation for high grain symmetry

Abstract The propagation of stable surface waves induced by surface electromigration on voids in metallic thin films is analyzed by self-consistent numerical simulations of current-driven surface morphological evolution. Emphasis is placed on single-crystalline films characterized by high symmetry of surface diffusional anisotropy, representative of [1 0 0]-oriented grains in fcc metals. The theoretical analysis predicts the onset of stable time-periodic states for the void surface morphological response as either the applied electric field strength, or the void size, or the strength of the diffusional anisotropy is increased over a critical value. These stable states correspond to waves propagating on surfaces of voids that migrate along the metallic film at constant speeds. For parameter values below the critical ones, morphological evolution leads to stable steady states for the void surface morphology. Therefore, the onset of stable surface wave propagation corresponds to a Hopf bifurcation in the current-induced surface morphological response. The examined nonlinear dynamics is very rich, leading to different sequences of morphological transitions and instabilities as different operating conditions and system parameters are varied.
WITHIN‐SUBJECT CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN SKIN CONDUCTANCE AND SKIN POTENTIAL UNDER CONDITIONS OE ACTIVITY AND PASSIVITY

This study investigated (a) the covariation between skin conductance and skin potential levels and (b) the correspondence between the negative component of the skin potential response (SPR) and concurrent skin conductance response deflections (SCR) during periods of rest and activity. The study was restricted to the protocols of 10 female Ss who manifested predominantly the negative component of the SPR during both periods. During rest periods, the results showed a positive correspondence between conductance and potential levels, and between the negative component of the SPR waves and concurrent SCR deflections. However, under conditions of active motor performance, the correspondence of levels was near zero and much lower between the negative and concurrent SCR deflections. It is suggested that an epidermal factor may be exerting its effects differentially during periods of passivity and activity.
Long-term school outcomes for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a population-based perspective.

ABSTRACT:Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare long-term school outcomes (academic achievement in reading, absenteeism, grade retention, and school dropout) for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) versus those without AD/HD.Methods:Subjects included 370 childr
Multi-twist retarders for broadband polarization transformation

We introduce a family of broadband retarders, comprised of a low number of twisted nematic liquid crystal layers, that accomplishes well-controlled polarization transformation for nearly any bandwidth desired. For example, we show that broadband linear to circular polarization conversion can be achieved with only two twist layers where the performance matches the popular three-waveplate approach by Pancharatnam. Using liquid crystal polymers on a single substrate, we show how these multi-twist retarders are embodied as a monolithic birefringent plate with excellent performance and potentially very low cost.
Decontamination of human skin exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD) in vitro.

Human post-mortem skin was exposed in vitro to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) at 32 degrees C, under controlled humidity. In one-half of the samples, damage to the surface of the skin was simulated by stripping of the stratum corneum. After incubation with TCDD for 100 min, four different decontamination protocols were performed: (1) the sample was wiped with dry, adsorbent material (cotton balls); (2) a 10-min topical treatment with mineral oil was followed by dry wiping with cotton balls; (3) a 10-min topical treatment with mineral oil was followed by wiping with acetone-soaked cotton balls; and (4) the sample was washed with water and soap. After decontamination, skin samples were incubated (up to 300 min) again at 32 degrees C. One set of both intact and stripped TCDD-exposed skin samples was incubated for 300 min--absent decontamination--and was used as a control. Mineral oil treatment and acetone wipes, or water and soap, were effective in reducing (i.e., about two-fold) the amount of TCDD in the stratum corneum of intact skin. Mineral oil plus dry wipes reduced the amount of TCDD in the stratum corneum by about one-third, whereas dry wiping alone was ineffective. All protocols, however, were similarly effective in reducing the amount of TCDD in the epidermis and upper dermis; TCDD concentrations were decreased locally by factors of up to ten. In the lower dermis, a minimal effect of the decontamination procedures was observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coloring Ordinary Maps, Maps of Empires, and Maps of the Moon

(1993). Coloring Ordinary Maps, Maps of Empires, and Maps of the Moon. Mathematics Magazine: Vol. 66, No. 4, pp. 211-226.
Dynasty: The dialectic of feminine power

This essay explores the myth and ideology behind the representation of feminine power in the nighttime serial, Dynasty. As a model text of this genre, Dynasty uses epic form to foreground the problematic position of women in power within a kinship system that exploits women's procreativity for material ends.
On the origin of Peter Rabbit

Which genetic changes occur when animals are domesticated, or selectively bred in order to increase the frequency of characteristics that humans find desirable? Studies aiming to address this question can not only reveal the biological basis of important phenotypes, but also provide a glimpse into the mechanisms of rapid evolutionary change. On page 1074 of this issue, Carneiro et al. ( 1 ) report a population genomic study of rabbit domestication that shows that there is no single “domestication gene.” Rather, many genetic variants across the genome have been affected by natural selection throughout domestication. Further, these variants tend to be in regulatory regions located in genes related to brain development.
Solubilization of gases by polyethoxylated lauryl alcohols

Abstract Measurements have been made to determine the solubilities of five gases, oxygen, argon, methane, ethane, and propane, in aqueous solutions of a commercially available polyethoxylated lauryl alcohol, BRIJ 35, which has on the average 23 polymerized ethylene oxide groups per alcohol residue. Gas solubilities were also determined for aqueous solutions containing two different blends composed of BRIJ 35 mixed with BRIJ 30, the latter having an average of four polymerized ethylene oxide groups per lauryl alcohol residue. The solubility of each gas was found to increase with surfactant concentration, both for pure BRIJ 35 and for each of the surfactant blends, as expected when micellar gas solubilization takes place. The intramicellar gas solubility of each gas determined for micelles of pure BRIJ 35 and the mixed micelles derived from the BRIJ 35—BRIJ 30 blends are found to decrease as the mole ratio of ethylene oxide to lauryl alcohol increases, indicating that the polymerized ethylene oxide groups do not contribute to the solubilization of the individual gases. The solubilizing capacities of the hydrophobic interiors of the micelles composed of BRIJ 35 and its mixtures with BRIJ 30 are found to closely approximate the sorptive capacity of pure lauryl alcohol.
The CREB coactivator CRTC2 links hepatic ER stress and fasting gluconeogenesis

In fasted mammals, circulating pancreatic glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver in part through the CREB coactivator CRTC2/TORC2. CRTC2 is now shown to function as a dual sensor for fasting signals and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver. Crosstalk between fasting and ER stress pathways at the level of this transcriptional coactivator contributes to glucose homeostasis under lean conditions and to the development of hyperglycaemia in obesity. In fasted mammals, circulating pancreatic glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis in the liver in part through the CREB coactivator CRTC2. The production of glucose by the liver is increased in obesity, reflecting chronic increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that promote insulin resistance. Here, CRTC2 is shown to function as a dual sensor for fasting signals and ER stress, thereby contributing to glucose homeostasis. In fasted mammals, circulating pancreatic glucagon stimulates hepatic gluconeogenesis in part through the CREB regulated transcription coactivator 2 (CRTC2, also referred to as TORC2)1,2. Hepatic glucose production is increased in obesity, reflecting chronic increases in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress that promote insulin resistance3. Whether ER stress also modulates the gluconeogenic program directly, however, is unclear. Here we show that CRTC2 functions as a dual sensor for ER stress and fasting signals. Acute increases in ER stress triggered the dephosphorylation and nuclear entry of CRTC2, which in turn promoted the expression of ER quality control genes through an association with activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α, also known as ATF6)—an integral branch of the unfolded protein response4,5,6,7,8,9. In addition to mediating CRTC2 recruitment to ER stress inducible promoters, ATF6α also reduced hepatic glucose output by disrupting the CREB–CRTC2 interaction and thereby inhibiting CRTC2 occupancy over gluconeogenic genes. Conversely, hepatic glucose output was upregulated when hepatic ATF6α protein amounts were reduced, either by RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knockdown or as a result of persistent stress in obesity. Because ATF6α overexpression in the livers of obese mice reversed CRTC2 effects on the gluconeogenic program and lowered hepatic glucose output, our results demonstrate how cross-talk between ER stress and fasting pathways at the level of a transcriptional coactivator contributes to glucose homeostasis.
Surface engineering of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices using transition metal sol-gel chemistry.

We report the coating of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchannels using transition metal sol−gel chemistry and the subsequent characterization of the coatings. The channels were created using soft polymer lithography, and three metal alkoxide sol−gel precursors were investigated, titanium isopropoxide, zirconium isopropoxide, and vanadium triisobutoxide oxide. The metal alkoxides were diffused into the sidewalls of a PDMS channel and subsequently hydrolyzed using water vapor. This procedure resulted in the formation of durable metal oxide surfaces of titania, zirconia, or vanadia. The resulting surfaces were characterized using contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and electroosmotic mobility (EOM) measurements. All of the metal oxide-modified PDMS surfaces were significantly more hydrophilic than native PDMS. Contact angles for the coatings were 90° for PDMS−ZrO2, 61° for ...
The intracellular pathway of newly formed rat liver catalase.

Abstract [1- 14 C]- l -leucine was injected into the femoral vein of male rats. At various times after injection, from 3 to 120 min, the livers were removed and fractionated into various cell components. The intracellular location of radioactive catalase and albumin were compared. Radioactive catalase and albumin both appeared at 5–10 min after injection but in different intracellular locations. Catalase was first located in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction while albumin was found in the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Peak catalase radioactivity did not occur in the rough endoplasmic reticulum until 20–40 min after injection, at which time albumin was already leaving the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Radioactive catalase did not enter the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The catalase which sedimented with the rough endoplasmic reticulum could be separated by sucrose gradient centrifugation from microsomal vesicles which contained nascent albumin. The radioactive catalase accumulated with time into a peroxisomal fraction but some catalase of equal specific radioactivity remained in the soluble cytoplasmic fraction even at 120 min after injection.
Electroneutrality and ionic interactions in the modeling of mass transport in dilute electrochemical systems

Abstract We propose a simple, but novel mathematical and numerical approach to describe mass transport in dilute solutions, taking into consideration ionic interactions. Our proposed approach treats fluxes due to ionic interactions as additional unknowns in the transport equation. Through variational arguments, we derive a simple expression for these ionic fluxes in terms of the electroneutrality condition, which allows for a straightforward treatment of the new unknowns. Furthermore, a finite element formulation based on our mathematical model is presented. Finally, using the distribution of the interionic flux density and an energy dissipation function, we show that besides properly capturing flow due to ionic interactions, our model can also describe independent ionic flow as predicted by the conventional Nernst–Planck equation in regions where ionic interactions are weak.
Memories of bob good

I first worked alongside Dr. Good in Oklahoma after he joined the faculty there. This short story illustrates, what a kind and tolerant man he was, with young doctors-in-training. In 1983, I organized a symposium on children’s rheumatic diseases for the Oklahoma Rheumatology Society. Dr. Good was kind enough to present a lecture for the program. We had enough funds to invite some young trainees to attend the program. A young lady from Israel who was a Pediatric Rheumatology Fellow in Missouri, came to the symposium. Somehow, she missed the introduction of Dr. Good, but she did have some questions about his lecture. After his talk, I observed her in deep conversation with Dr. Good at the front of the hall. She was in full debate mode and wanted him to justify some points from his lecture. I was a bit worried about her aggressive arguments over details of immunobiology. I realized she did not know to whom she was speaking. She finished her critique as Dr. Good stood, and calmly answered her questions, with a smile on his face. I imagined he was used to fierce intellectual debate with full professors, but not oft bert Good, she turned pale, then deep purple. I was amused by the scene and impressed by en with young people. When I told her she had been arguing immunology with Ro Dr. Good’s handling of the matter. Dr. Good took the whole thing in the best of spirits. By that stage in his career, this intense conversation with a young physician could only take place, because she did not recognize him as the ‘‘great man of science’’ which he truly was. He appeared to enjoy the moment, and did not want to embarrass the young woman. I greatly admired this show of humility by Dr. Good. He was not too puffed up by his great achievements, to take time to explain himself to an eager student.
The Value of Technical Documentation as an Aid in Training The Case of the United States Lighthouse Board

This article examines the value added to the United States Lighthouse Service by the operator's manuals, which were issued to the lighthouse keepers by the Light-House Board in 1852. Subsequent reports of the board to Congress conclusively show that the manuals resulted in a significant savings in the operating costs of the service. In addition, annual reports of district superintendents show that the instructional information improved the appearance and reliability of the lights. Furthermore, the manuals helped to reduce significantly the number of marine disasters along America's shores in the years following the board's decision.
Dissociation of insulin's effects on cell metabolism and on subcellular calcium transport systems of 3T3-L1 adipocytes.

Summary Exposure of 3T3-L1 adipocytes to 7.0 nM insulin for 120 min at 37°C induced a progressive increase in cell accumulation of 3H-D-glucose and the incorporation of its 3H into lipid. Membrane vesicles prepared from these same metabolically responsive cells actively accumulated Ca2+. Insulin treatment of 3T3-L1 cells had no effects on the N3-insensitive or N3-sensitive Ca2+ accumulation or on the passive Ca2+ efflux from the membrane vesicles. Ca2+ concentration studies showed no changes in Km or Vmax of the calcium uptake. Thus, insulin's effects on 3T3-L1 adipocyte metabolism appear to be independent of stable alterations in these systems.
Coronary blood flow in acute experimental pulmonary embolization.

Summary Coronary blood flow was measured in five groups (total 60) of open-chest dogs subjected to sublethal pulmonary embolization. The coronary blood flow increased following acute pulmonary embolization in all groups. The increases in coronary flow could not be related to the systemic arterial pressure, cardiac output, or heart rate and is probably related to a decrease in coronary vascular resistance. The coronary vascular response was not significantly affected by a pharmacologic blockade of both the sympathetic nervous system and circulating catecholamines. This response was not affected by atropine-induced cholinergic blockade which would effectively inhibit responses mediated by the vagus, sympathetic-cholinergic fibers or circulating acetylcholine. Finally, the response, although to a lesser degree, was also present in dogs on cardiopulmonary bypass even though we would assume that with empty ventricles, a controlled systemic arterial PO 2 and PCO 2 , aortic pressure, cardiac output, and coronary perfusing pressure, there would be no appreciable change in the physical, myogenic, or metabolic factors affecting the coronary vascular resistance. These findings suggest that the observed increases in coronary blood flow following acute nonlethal pulmonary embolization are mediated by multiple mechanisms. Among the most important of these are (1) local myocardial factors resulting from an increased oxygen requirement and (2) concomitant arterial oxygen desaturation. A currently unidentified coronary vasodilator reflex is suggested.
Immunopathogenesis of coronavirus infections: implications for SARS

At the end of 2002, the first cases of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) were reported, and in the following year, SARS resulted in considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. SARS is caused by a novel species of coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and is the most severe coronavirus-mediated human disease that has been described so far. On the basis of similarities with other coronavirus infections, SARS might, in part, be immune mediated. As discussed in this Review, studies of animals that are infected with other coronaviruses indicate that excessive and sometimes dysregulated responses by macrophages and other pro-inflammatory cells might be particularly important in the pathogenesis of disease that is caused by infection with these viruses. It is hoped that lessons from such studies will help us to understand more about the pathogenesis of SARS in humans and to prevent or control outbreaks of SARS in the future.
X-Ray Photoemission Spectromicroscopy Of Gan And AIGan

We investigate here for the first time GaN and AIGaN films by using x-ray photoemission spectromicroscopy. As compared to conventional x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), spectromicroscopy can provide spatially resolved information on the chemical composition of the sample surface. The experimental results where obtained by using MAXIMUM, a scanning photoemission microscope installed on 12.0 undulator beamline at the Advanced Light Source (ALS), Berkelely, allowing for a spatial resolution of 100 nm. We investigate here GaN and AlGaN thin films grown on sapphire substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD). The results clearly indicate the great potential of spectromicroscopy in investigating chemical inhomogeneity, inpurities and localization in GaN and AlGaN thin films.
Expression of human papillomavirus 6 in inverted papilloma arising in a renal transplant recipient

A 36-year-old renal transplant recipient taking cyclosporin A presented with bilateral nasal polypoid lesions involving the nasal septum and lateral nasal walls. Pathologic findings from surgical excision demonstrated inverted papilloma (IP) with focal atypia and mild dysplasia. DNA extracted from the tissue was tested with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using human papillomavirus (HPV) E6 and L1 consensus primers. This revealed amplification of the expected size fragment consistent with the presence of HPV DNA. Hybridization of PCR products with HPV type-specific oligonucleotide probes revealed a strong signal with only HPV 6. This result was confirmed by PCR amplification with HPV 6 type-specific primers. RNA extracted from the tissue was subjected to reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) with a primer pair specific for viral E6/E7 transcripts. The HPV early proteins, E6 and E7, are the transforming proteins implicated as critical for tumorigenesis. RT-PCR experiments generated products representing the E1/E4 spliced transcript originating from the E6/E6 promoter and a smaller unclassified fragment. These results provide evidence for HPV 6 E6/E7 expression in IP, lending credence to the concept that HPV may play a role in the origin of this neoplasm. Histologically normal nasal tissue from the same patient contained HPV DNA and similar transcripts to those described in the IP specimen.
Analysis of techniques to improve protocol processing latency

This paper describes several techniques designed to improve protocol latency, and reports on their effectiveness when measured on a modern RISC machine employing the DEC Alpha processor. We found that the memory system---which has long been known to dominate network throughput---is also a key factor in protocol latency. As a result, improving instruction cache effectiveness can greatly reduce protocol processing overheads. An important metric in this context is the memory cycles per instructions (mCPI), which is the average number of cycles that an instruction stalls waiting for a memory access to complete. The techniques presented in this paper reduce the mCPI by a factor of 1.35 to 5.8. In analyzing the effectiveness of the techniques, we also present a detailed study of the protocol processing behavior of two protocol stacks---TCP/IP and RPC---on a modern RISC processor.
Role of the F-Box Protein Skp2 in Adhesion-Dependent Cell Cycle Progression

Cell adhesion to the extracellular matrix (ECM) is a requirement for proliferation that is typically lost in malignant cells. In the absence of adhesion, nontransformed cells arrest in G1 with increased levels of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. We have reported previously that the degradation of p27 requires its phosphorylation on Thr-187 and is mediated by Skp2, an F-box protein that associates with Skp1, Cul1, and Roc1/Rbx1 to form the SCFSkp2 ubiquitin ligase complex. Here, we show that the accumulation of Skp2 protein is dependent on both cell adhesion and growth factors but that the induction of Skp2 mRNA is exclusively dependent on cell adhesion to the ECM. Conversely, the expression of the other three subunits of the SCFSkp2 complex is independent of cell anchorage. Phosphorylation of p27 on Thr-187 is also not affected significantly by the loss of cell adhesion, demonstrating that increased p27 stability is not dependent on p27 dephosphorylation. Significantly, ectopic expression of Skp2 in nonadherent G1 cells resulted in p27 downregulation, entry into S phase, and cell division. The ability to induce adhesion-independent cell cycle progression was potentiated by coexpressing Skp2 with cyclin D1 but not with cyclin E, indicating that Skp2 and cyclin D1 cooperate to rescue proliferation in suspension cells. Our study shows that Skp2 is a key target of ECM signaling that controls cell proliferation.
Science Is an Attitude: A Response to Kamhi

Purpose I provide alternative views to Kamhi’s (2011) assertion that clinical practice cannot be scientific. I also discuss how the field of communication sciences and disorders might encourage scientific thinking about clinical practices in researchers and clinicians. Method Kamhi’s three main points for why clinical practice cannot be scientific are discussed, and alternate perspectives are offered. Results Clinicians and clinical practice can be scientific and can contribute to changes in scientific orthodoxy. Conclusion Science is an attitude that needs to be instilled in future researchers and clinicians during their educational programs. Model clinical scientists should be used as role models when educating these individuals.
B‐Type Natriuretic Peptide: a New Tool in the Armamentarium Used to Accurately Diagnose Heart Failure

Nearly 5 million Americans have heart failure (HF). Making a correct diagnosis early is an important component in the multifaceted approach to detection and/or treatment of this disease. The US Food and Drug Administration recently approved a point-of-care B-type natriuretic peptide assay to be used in the diagnosis of HF. Nesiritide, a synthetic B-type natriuretic peptide, was also approved for use in decompensated HF. B-type natriuretic peptide is released from the cardiac ventricles in response to increased left ventricular volume and/or pressure. This article reviews the nature of this peptide and its potential as a screening tool for HF. It will also present evidence defining the role of B-type natriuretic peptide in the differential diagnosis of dyspnea, prognosis after cardiac events, and in monitoring HF drug therapy.
The Best of Both Worlds: Psychiatry Training at Combined Civilian-Military Programs

Air Force psychiatry faces the task of training competent military psychiatrists in an era of continuing reductions. Beginning in the 1980s, the Air Force started collaborating with University partners to create hybrid training programs, civilian-military psychiatry residencies. These mergers provide stability for Air Force psychiatry training in the face of increased operational missions and uncertain military recruiting. As a result of these combined programs, Air Force psychiatry residents gain access to a broader range of civilian clinical experience and expertise while maintaining a focus on distinctive military requirements. The combining of programs opens up options for academic activities which may not have otherwise existed. Both military and civilian residents benefit from the occupational psychiatry experiences available within military clinical sites. These programs give civilian residents a chance to assist active duty members and their families and provide insight into the military “lifecycle.” These collaborations benefit the universities by providing access to a larger pool of residents and faculty. The synthesis of the military and civilian programs raises some ongoing obstacles such as civilian residents’ ability to gain access to military resources. The programs must also accommodate separate mechanisms for selecting residents (the National Residency Matching Program versus the Joint Selection Board for Graduate Medical Education). Military residents must also comply with military standards and requirements while maintaining the universities’ standards of conduct and professionalism. Merging military training programs into university programs creates a vibrant opportunity to create exceptional military and civilian psychiatrists.
Solvent effects in the geometric reorganization of an oxo-molybdenum(V) system.

We have previously postulated a serine gated electron transfer hypothesis (Inorg. Chem, 2002, 41, 1281–1291) to possibly be involved in gating electron transfer between the Mo(V) and Mo(IV) states. In this study we explored the effect of solvent dielectric upon the rate and mechanism of isomerization of an oxo-Mo(V) core in attempt to understand the effect of solvent polarity to the isomerization reaction. To this end, the data suggests that there may be significant entropic contributions to the reorganization of metal center as a function of the local dielectric constant. Furthermore, we note that there is a change in the observed rate as well as the mechanism of the geometric rearrangement when it is examined in polar and non-polar environments. More specifically, in low dielectric media, the reaction proceeds either via a fast dissociation which is then followed by a twist mechanism or by a dissociation that is synchronized with the twist mechanism.
Simulation of partially spatially coherent laser beam and comparison with field test data for both terrestrial and maritime environments

We simulate the propagation of both a partially spatially coherent infra-red (IR) and a visible laser beam through a turbulent atmosphere, and we compare the intensity fluctuations produced in the simulation to the intensity fluctuations that are observed in both maritime and terrestrial environments at the US Naval Academy. We focus on the effect of the level of turbulence and the degree of the beam's spatial coherence on the receiver scintillations, and we compare the probability density function (PDF) of the intensity in our simulation to the experimental data. We also investigate the effect of optical beam spreading on the coherent and partially coherent laser beams along the propagation path.
Impression creep: Effects of slip, stick and cavity depth

The impression creep of a power-law material by pushing a rigid cylindrical punch into an existing cavity of the same diameter as the punch located in the surface of a half-space was studied by using finite element method. For both the slip and stick conditions at the interface of the punch and the half-space, there is a well-defined steady punch penetration velocity after a transient stage. The steady penetration velocity is a power function of the applied load, which has the same stress exponent as by conventional creep tests. It increases with the stress exponent but decreases with increasing cavity depth, and is the largest for all slip condition and the smallest for both stick condition on the circular interface between the punch and the cavity and all stick condition.
Transient Modeling of High-Altitude Rocket-Stage Separation

The direct simulation Monte Carlo method is used to model a transient stage separation of a generic sounding rocket at 100 km. Lower-stage movement is included, and the flow and surface properties are simulated during the first second after thruster ignition. Both liquid and solid propellant thrusters are examined with a thrust of 25 and 34 kN, respectively. Four different simulation scenarios are considered that allow analysis of the impact of the stage motion, explicitly including unsteady flow effects. Unsteady flow effects are small enough that quasi-steady-state modeling appears to be adequate for this general staging scenario. The influence of direct simulation Monte Carlo statistical fluctuations on the stage trajectory is insignificant comparedwith the total contribution of the plume force. We also examine the radiation environment, including the plume–atmosphere shock and plume–lower-stage impingement.