cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Partial objective inequalities for the multi-item capacitated lot-sizing problem

Abstract In this paper, we study a mixed-integer programming model of the single-level multi-item capacitated lot-sizing problem (MCLSP), which incorporates shared capacity on the production of items for each period throughout a planning horizon. We derive valid bounds on the partial objective function of the MCLSP formulation by solving the first t periods of the problem over a subset of all items, using dynamic programming and integer programming techniques. We also develop algorithms for strengthening these valid inequalities by back-lifting techniques. These inequalities can be utilized within a cutting-plane algorithm, in which we perturb the partial objective function coefficients to identify violated inequalities to the MCLSP polytope. Our computational results show that the envelope inequalities are very effective for the MCLSP instances with different capacity and cost characteristics, when compared to the (l, S) inequalities.
Abundance and Scarcity: Christian Economic Thought

This chapter explores the rich tradition of Christian economic thought on the subject of scarcity and abundance. This tradition includes the scripture of the Old and New Testaments, the writings of the early Church Fathers and the medieval Scholastics, the modern Papal encyclicals, and the opinions of contemporary Christian theologians and economists. The predominant Christian position on the subject is largely derivative of the concept of stewardship, and its implications with respect to property and freedom.
Load-embedded inertial measurement unit reveals lifting performance.

Abstract Manual lifting of loads arises in many occupations as well as in activities of daily living. Prior studies explore lifting biomechanics and conditions implicated in lifting-induced injuries through laboratory-based experimental methods. This study introduces a new measurement method using load-embedded inertial measurement units (IMUs) to evaluate lifting tasks in varied environments outside of the laboratory. An example vertical load lifting task is considered that is included in an outdoor obstacle course. The IMU data, in the form of the load acceleration and angular velocity, is used to estimate load vertical velocity and three lifting performance metrics: the lifting time (speed), power, and motion smoothness. Large qualitative differences in these parameters distinguish exemplar high and low performance trials. These differences are further supported by subsequent statistical analyses of twenty three trials (including a total of 115 total lift/lower cycles) from fourteen healthy participants. Results reveal that lifting time is strongly correlated with lifting power (as expected) but also correlated with motion smoothness. Thus, participants who lift rapidly do so with significantly greater power using motions that minimize motion jerk.
A novel gene's role in an ancient mechanism: secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 is a critical component in the anterior-posterior Wnt signaling network that governs the establishment of the anterior neuroectoderm in sea urchin embryos.

The anterior neuroectoderm (ANE) in many deuterostome embryos (echinoderms, hemichordates, urochordates, cephalochordates, and vertebrates) is progressively restricted along the anterior–posterior axis to a domain around the anterior pole. In the sea urchin embryo, three integrated Wnt signaling branches (Wnt/β-catenin, Wnt/JNK, and Wnt/PKC) govern this progressive restriction process, which begins around the 32- to 60-cell stage and terminates by the early gastrula stage. We previously have established that several secreted Wnt modulators of the Dickkopf and secreted Frizzled-related protein families (Dkk1, Dkk3, and sFRP-1/5) are expressed within the ANE and play important roles in modulating the Wnt signaling network during this process. In this study, we use morpholino and dominant-negative interference approaches to characterize the function of a novel Frizzled-related protein, secreted Frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP-1), during ANE restriction. sFRP-1 appears to be related to a secreted Wnt modulator, sFRP3/4, that is essential to block Wnt signaling and establish the ANE in vertebrates. Here, we show that the sea urchin sFRP3/4 orthologue is not expressed during ANE restriction in the sea urchin embryo. Instead, our results indicate that ubiquitously expressed maternal sFRP-1 and Fzl1/2/7 signaling act together as early as the 32- to 60-cell stage to antagonize the ANE restriction mechanism mediated by Wnt/β-catenin and Wnt/JNK signaling. Then, starting from the blastula stage, Fzl5/8 signaling activates zygotic sFRP-1 within the ANE territory, where it works with the secreted Wnt antagonist Dkk1 (also activated by Fzl5/8 signaling) to antagonize Wnt1/Wnt8–Fzl5/8–JNK signaling in a negative feedback mechanism that defines the outer ANE territory boundary. Together, these data indicate that maternal and zygotic sFRP-1 protects the ANE territory by antagonizing the Wnt1/Wnt8–Fzl5/8–JNK signaling pathway throughout ANE restriction, providing precise spatiotemporal control of the mechanism responsible for the establishment of the ANE territory around the anterior pole of the sea urchin embryo.
Essential Thrombocythemia and Cardiac Surgery: A Case Series and Review of the Literature

Background Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a rare myeloproliferative disorder characterized by an unexplained thrombocytosis (>450 × 109/L) and associated vasomotor, thrombotic, and hemorrhagic manifestations. Although the literature detailing the perioperative management of patients with ET undergoing cardiac operations is sparse, major perioperative complications have been reported, particularly in poorly controlled patients presenting with platelet counts of 800 × 109/L or higher. The purpose of this study was to provide the experience at a large tertiary medical center in managing patients with ET undergoing cardiac operation and to summarize the available literature. Methods Patients with ET undergoing cardiac operations between January 1, 2006, and May 1, 2016, were identified. Perioperative data were exhaustively reviewed and recorded. An extensive literature search for “essential thrombocythemia” and “cardiac surgery” was performed. Results During the study period, 25 patients with ET underwent cardiac operations, and 24 had immediate preoperative platelet counts of less than 800 × 109/L. Perioperative complications related to ET occurred in 1 of 25 patients (4%). The immediate preoperative platelet count was 181 × 109/L. A literature search identified 18 patients who underwent cardiac operations, with major perioperative complications occurring in 5 (28%), of which 4 of 5 had an immediate preoperative platelet count of 800 × 109/L or higher. Conclusions Patients with ET undergoing cardiac operations represent a complex cohort at risk for perioperative thrombotic or hemorrhagic complications, or both. Although not currently an indication for platelet reduction therapy by risk stratification criteria, preoperative cytoreduction to platelet counts of less than 800 × 109/L and perhaps lower should be considered in patients undergoing cardiac operations.
Nanoscale partitioning of paclitaxel in hybrid lipid-polymer membranes

Paclitaxel is a powerful drug against restenosis and many forms of cancer. However, its clinical application hinges on the ability to achieve suitable stabilized drug concentrations in an aqueous suspension while hindering drug crystallization. To engineer such formulations, it is imperative to understand paclitaxel's partitioning and crystallization within the carrier matrix. Lipid-polymer hybrid films have been recently shown to accommodate large paclitaxel loads and suppress crystallization. Additionally, such hybrid materials promote synergistic drug release compared to the pure constituents. Here, we leverage the composition sensitive photo-thermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique to study paclitaxel partitioning within hybrid films at the nanoscale. PTIR data reveal that paclitaxel nano-crystals segregate from lipid-only films but are well dispersed in polymer-only films. Remarkably, lipid-polymer hybrid films show enhanced partitioning of paclitaxel at the lipid-polymer phase boundaries, but still stifle crystallization, thus paving the way towards compositional and microstructural engineering of small-drug delivery systems.
Accuracy and precision of chronic myocardial infarct characterization with native T1 mapping at 3T

Background Native T1-maping at 3T has been shown to reliably characterize chronic myocardial infarctions (MIs). In this study, we evaluated the accuracy and precision of different thresholding techniques and visual delineation for characterizing chronic MIs on native T1 maps at 3T. Results Relative to LGE images, mean infarct size and transmur- ality measured from native T1 maps were significantly over-estimated by Mean+2SD, Mean+3SD, and Mean+ 4SD techniques (p<0.001, for all cases). Mean+6SD cri- terion and visual delineation significantly underesti- mated infarct size (p<0.001 for both cases) and transmurality (p=0.01 for Mean+6SD; p<0.001 for visual) on native T1 maps. Otsu's technique showed no differ- ence for measuring infarct size on native T1 maps com- pared to LGE images (p=0.27), but it over-estimated the infarct transmurality (p<0.001). Mean+5SD criterion showed no difference for measuring either infarct size (p=0.61) or transmurality (p=0.81) on T1 maps relative to LGE images. Mean CNR of LGE images was nearly 4-fold higher than that of native T1 maps (p<0.001). Mean+5SD criterion for detecting chronic MIs on native T1 maps at 3T showed the strongest diagnostic perfor- mance (area-under-curve=0.99, p<0.001), while visual delineation showed the weakest diagnostic performance (area-under-curve=0.84, p<0.001). Conclusions Threshold-based analysis using Mean+5SD criterion can accurately and precisely estimate the size, location and transmurality of chronic MIs on native T1 maps as reli- ably as LGE at 3T.
Supervisory control of manufacturing systems

In Chapters 5 and 6 we examined the two main control models encountered in the design of unit operations. Control theory (Chapter 5) provides the basis for modeling and developing software for control of processes where process variables are changing continuously in real time. The PLC and the graphical programming language approach (Chapter 6) to modeling provides the basis for modeling and developing software for sequential control, where the states of the process change in discrete instances of time. In both of these chapters we limited our attention to unit operations, such as machines and batch process equipment.
Real-Time Imaging of Blood Vessels within Ocular Tumors and the Orbit

Blood vessels and vascular pulse phenomena within the eye and the orbit can now be imaged in real-time. A newly-developed electronically-scanned array system enables the vascular observations to be made at 60 frames per second with the results viewed on a television screen. Within the orbit the ophthalmic artery and its major branches are imaged in A- and B-modes. Regions of orbital inflammation are highlighted by the increased vascular pulsatile appearance they exhibit. Blood vessels within ocular tumors can also be viewed with the new equipment. The number, size and distribution of the vessels aids in determining a more accurate ultrasonic tumor diagnosis.
Do Vaccines Cause Brachial Neuritis

Vaccines currently routinely recommended to the general population in the U.S. have not been shown to cause brachial neuritis.
Cost Analysis of Endovascular Coiling and Surgical Clipping for the Treatment of Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

Background Cost-effectiveness analyses for the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage are necessary to determine health policy, treatment guidelines, and screening protocols for cerebral aneurysms. To perform these modeling studies, detailed cost data are necessary and are currently lacking. Objective The goal of this study was to determine detailed inpatient cost of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Methods A retrospective review of our ruptured subarachnoid hemorrhage database was performed to identify consecutive patients between January 2013 and December 2015. Patients were searched by International Classification of Disease 9 diagnosis and procedure codes. Patient demographics and clinical characteristics were acquired. The cost breakdown was compiled into a comprehensive itemized list encompassing all aspects of hospitalization. A mean cost based on resource used per patient was obtained. Results There were 269 patients treated, 209 were coiled and 60 were clipped. Mean age in the clipping group was 49 years and 55 years in the coil group (P = 0.006). Other patient demographics and clinical characteristics were found to be statistically similar for both groups. Total cost per patient for treatment and hospital stay was $74,192 for clipping and $85,553 for coiling (P = 0.06). Cost amplified with increasing Hunt and Hess grade in both clipping and coiling groups. Conclusions The detailed cost information reported in this article can be used to help establish appropriate, standardized costs nationally by improving transparency. It can also help provide critical information necessary to develop cost-effective treatment algorithms and screening protocols.
Effect of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor on Acute Cellular Rejection in Lung Transplant Recipients

Purpose Neutropenia is a known complication after lung transplantation either related to infection or as a side effect of medication. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is an option for treating neutropenia in lung transplant recipients. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is a common complication after lung transplantation, especially in the first year post-transplantation. The purpose of this study was to assess whether there is an association between the use of G-CSF and the incidence of ACR. Methods Data on lung transplant recipients from May 2007 to November 2018 was reviewed. Patients who received at least one dose of G-CSF were identified and compared with patients without a history of therapy. Baseline characteristics, episodes of G-CSF administration, and biopsy proven rejections were collected. The rates of ACR in the study groups were calculated and compared. Multivariate Poisson regression was used to adjust for confounding variables which included the number of immunosuppressive agents, presence of respiratory viral infections, and presence of donor specific antibodies. Results Eighty-two patients were studied. 19 (23%) received G-CSF. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics between the study groups. The rate of ACR for the G-CSF group was 0.12 event/month in the 3 months after G-CSF administration (95% CI, 0.06 - 0.24) and 0.06 event/month all other times (95% CI, 0.02 - 0.14). The rate of ACR for the control group was 0.05 event/month (95% CI, 0.04 - 0.08). There was a significant difference between the rates of ACR in the G-CSF group in the 3 months after G-CSF administration versus the control group (P = 0.033), but not for the other time periods (P = 0.897). Conclusion G-CSF administration was found to be associated with a significant short-term increased risk of ACR in lung transplant recipients.
Tales from the Cryptkeeper: New Roles for Lats1/2 in Wnt-driven Homeostasis.

In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Li et al. (2020) reveal pivotal roles for Lats1/2 in adult, Wnt-mediated intestinal homeostasis through TEAD-dependent and -independent transcription. Loss of Lats1/2 mobilizes a previously unrecognized YAP/TAZ-Groucho/TLE interaction to suppress Wnt/TCF-mediated transcription, thereby resulting in intestinal stem cell depletion and Wnt-uncoupled progenitor expansion.
Using Web-Based Social Media to Recruit Heavy-Drinking Young Adults for Sleep Intervention: Prospective Observational Study.

Background: Novel alcohol prevention strategies are needed for heavy-drinking young adults. Sleep problems are common among young adults who drink heavily and are a risk factor for developing an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Young adults, interested in the connection between sleep and alcohol, are open to getting help with their sleep. Therefore, sleep interventions may offer an innovative solution. This study evaluates social media advertising for reaching young adults and recruiting them for a new alcohol prevention program focused on sleep. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost of using Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat advertising to reach young adults who drink heavily for a sleep intervention; characterize responders’ sleep, alcohol use, and related concerns and interests; and identify the most appealing advertising content. Methods: In study 1, advertisements targeting young adults with sleep concerns, heavy alcohol use, or interest in participating in a sleep program ran over 3 months. Advertisements directed volunteers to a brief web-based survey to determine initial sleep program eligibility and characterize the concerns or interests that attracted them to click the advertisement. In study 2, three advertisements ran simultaneously for 2 days to enable us to compare the effectiveness of specific advertising themes. Results: In study 1, advertisements generated 13,638 clicks, 909 surveys, and 27 enrolled volunteers in 3 months across the social media platforms. Fees averaged US $0.27 per click, US $3.99 per completed survey, US $11.43 per volunteer meeting initial screening eligibility, and US $106.59 per study enrollee. On average, those who completed the web-based survey were 21.1 (SD 2.3) years of age, and 69.4% (631/909) were female. Most reported sleep concerns (725/909, 79.8%) and an interest in the connection between sleep and alcohol use (547/909, 60.2%), but few had drinking concerns (49/909, 5.4%). About one-third (317/909, 34.9%) were identified as being at risk for developing an AUD based on a validated alcohol screener. Among this subsample, 8.5% (27/317) met the final criteria and were enrolled in the trial. Some volunteers also referred additional volunteers by word of mouth. In study 2, advertisements targeting sleep yielded a higher response rate than advertisements targeting alcohol use (0.91% vs 0.56% click rate, respectively; P<.001). Conclusions: Social media advertisements designed to target young adults with sleep concerns reached those who also drank alcohol heavily, despite few being concerned about their drinking. Moreover, advertisements focused on sleep were more effective than those focused on drinking. Compared with previous studies, cost-effectiveness was moderate for engagement (impressions to clicks), excellent for conversion (clicks to survey completion), and reasonable for enrollment. These data demonstrate the utility of social media advertising focused on sleep to reach young adults who drink heavily and recruit them for intervention.
A 1-D Yarn-Based Biobattery for Scalable Power Generation in 2-D and 3-D Structured Textiles

The next generation of textile-based wearable batteries will be built on 1-D fiber/yarn through a bottom-up approach. Functional yarn fibers will be weaved or knitted into 2-D or 3-D batteries of a large textile, but the bottom-up strategy from 1-D yarn fibers is at a very early stage and requires a long-term focus. Here, we demonstrate an innovative 1-D yarn biobattery, a step toward a potential solution for scaling-up production of the wearable batteries. Our 1-D biobattery used microorganisms as a biocatalyst to harvest electrons from microbial metabolism. This yarn biobattery can be easily scaled up by weaving functional yarns into 2-D or 3-D batteries, connecting multiple batteries in series and parallel. [2020-0084]
Timeline of Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder in Overt Alpha-Synucleinopathies.

OBJECTIVE The aim was to analyze the timeline, prevalence, and survival of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) in patients who developed alpha-synucleinopathies (Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, and Parkinson disease dementia) compared with age- and sex-matched controls in a population-based incident-cohort study. METHODS We used a population-based, 1991 to 2010 incident-cohort study of alpha-synucleinopathies. A movement-disorder specialist reviewed medical records to confirm diagnoses. RBD was diagnosed by reported dream-enactment symptoms or polysomnography. Probable RBD and polysomnographically confirmed RBD were analyzed separately and combined. RESULTS Among the 444 incident cases of alpha-synucleinopathy, 86 were clinically diagnosed with RBD (19.8%), including 30 (35%) by polysomnography and 56 (65%) as probable. The prevalence of idiopathic RBD at alpha-synucleinopathy diagnosis was 3.4%, increasing to 23.8% after 15 years. Cumulative lifetime incidence was 53 times greater in alpha-synucleinopathy patients than in controls (odds ratio [OR] = 53.1, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 13.0-217.2, p < 0.0001), higher in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 1.50-4.40, p = 0.0004), and higher in men than in women with Parkinson disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, or Parkinson disease dementia (OR = 3.70, 95% CI: 2.07-6.62, p < 0.0001), but did not increase mortality risk. INTERPRETATION Our cohort had RBD incidence of 3.4%. Overall RBD increased to 23.8% after 15 years, with an overall incidence of 2.5 cases per 100 person-years. With 53 times greater lifetime incidence in alpha-synucleinopathy patients than in controls, RBD was more likely to develop in dementia with Lewy bodies than in Parkinson disease or Parkinson disease dementia, and in men than in women, but did not increase mortality risk within our cohort. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:293-303.
Detection of Atomic Chlorine in Io's Atmosphere with HST/GHRS

We report the detection of atomic chlorine emissions in the atmosphere of Io using Hubble Space Telescope observations with the Goddard High Resolution Spectrograph (GHRS). The Cl I 1349 A dipole allowed and Cl I] 1386 A forbidden transition multiplets are detected at a signal to noise ratio (SNR) of 6 and 10, respectively, in a combined GHRS spectrum acquired from 1994 through 1996. Oxygen and sulfur emissions are simultaneously detected with the chlorine which allows for self-consistent abundance ratios of chlorine to these other atmospheric species. The disk averaged ratios are: Cl/O = 0.017 +/- 0.008, Cl/S = 0.10 +/- 0.05, and S/O = 0.18 +/- 0.08. We also derive a geometric albedo of 1.0 +/- 0.4 % for Io at 1335 A assuming an SO2 atmospheric column density of 1x10^{16} cm^{-2}.
Evaluating the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and State Restrictions on Public Interest in Tanning: A Google Trends Analysis

Public interest in tanning in the United States (U S ) typically follows a seasonal pattern (1) Google Trends search data, which has previously been used to measure interest in dermatologic issues,(2) demonstrates peak annual interest for indoor tanning terms between March and June and for outdoor tanning terms in July and August (1) We aimed to describe the impact of the initial COVID-19 pandemic on search trends in tanning and specifically determine the correlation between indoor tanning interest and stringency of COVID-19 restrictions
Development and Implementation of the Spatial Development Strategy: Effectiveness Challenges

One of the main problems of modern national development is the unregulated transformation of the spatial organization of the economy. As a result, the following problems inevitably arise: interregional differences in the level and quality of life of the population, the development of economic and social infrastructure, disproportions in economic growth and technological development, and threats to national security. A statistical measurement of inter-regional differences in the economic space of Russia indicates a significant increasing differentiation. The implementation of the approved State Spatial Development Strategy involves the development of a Comprehensive Plan, the formation of appropriate spatial development strategies for macroregions, and the creation of regional Spatial Planning Schemes. These processes update the algorithms for evaluating the effectiveness of the development and implementation of spatial development strategies. In the study, the iterative sequence of diagnosis and assessment of the transformation of the regional economic space, based on a systematic approach, is justified. It includes a number of stages for conducting a comprehensive measurement and assessment of the mutual influence of economic and social development, studies of the conformity of the sectoral and territorial structure, assessment of the sectoral capacity of territories and clustering of the economic space. The practical implementation of the proposed algorithm made it possible to identify areas for improving the economic space of the region. In the emerging hierarchy of documents for strategic planning of the national economy, the Strategy for Spatial Development of the Russian Federation plays a system-forming role, which is determined by the specifics of economic development and the history of public administration of the national economy. Further improvement of the effective strategic management of the economic space will solve many problems of national development.
Surgical Outcomes After Conservative Resection of Vestibular Schwannoma in the Elderly.

Objective To assess outcomes after surgery for vestibular schwannoma in patients over 70 years of age. Study design Retrospective chart review. Setting Two tertiary otology and neurotology centers. Patients and interventions Patients undergoing primary surgery for vestibular schwannoma between 2007 and 2018. Main outcome measures Postoperative complications and surgical outcomes. Results A total of 452 patients met inclusion criteria, 31 of whom (6.9%) were over 70 years of age. Age ranged from 18 to 90 years with a mean of 53 years. Elderly patients were more likely to have pre-existing hypertension (58.1% versus 34.0%, p = 0.007) and diabetes mellitus (19.4% versus 7.4%, p = 0.02). Elderly patients were less likely to undergo gross total resections of their tumors (35.5% versus 60.6%, p = 0.05) although they were not statistically significantly more likely to undergo subtotal ( 0.05). Elderly patients were also less likely to undergo second stage procedures (0% versus 9.5%, p = 0.04). There were no significant differences between elderly and non-elderly patients in the rates of any complications, ultimate facial nerve function, or duration of surgery. No patients over 70 years of age expired within 1 year of surgery. Conclusions Conservative surgery for vestibular schwannoma in appropriately selected elderly patients is appropriate and safe, given adequate consideration to risk-benefit analysis and goals of care.
Statin-Induced Autoimmune Necrotizing Myopathy.

Statin therapy is a widely prescribed medication class for hypercholesterolemia. In statin-induced autoimmune myopathy, genetically predisposed and at-risk patients can develop antibodies against h...
Chemical and structural characterization of EUV photoresists as a function of depth by standing-wave x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

The success in the miniaturization of the electronic device constituents depends mostly on the photolithographic techniques. Recently, to achieve patterning at the sub-10-nm node, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has been introduced into high volume production. Continued scaling of EUV via increased numerical aperture to achieve nodes at 3-nm and below requires the development of fundamentally new patterning materials and new characterization methods. Current EUV-resist film thicknesses are in the 20- to 40-nm range, and further thickness reduction is required for the next generation. Therefore, interfaces become exceedingly important, and the properties of the resist film would be dominated by top and bottom interfacial effects. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) combined with standing-wave excitation (SW-XPS), a fairly new method in the EUV lithography field, previously had been largely applied in multilayers and superlattices for characterizing the composition and electronic structure of buried layers and interfaces as a function of depth. We applied the SW-XPS method to organic/inorganic photoresists to provide depth-selective information on their structural and chemical conditions of as a function of temperature, EUV exposure, different underlayers, and other fundamental parameters. As a first attempt, we perform an SW-XPS feasibility study on self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films after exposure to an electron beam. By SW-XPS, we determined that the interface between the Al2O3 underlayer and the SAMs is smooth, with a mean roughness of about 0.2 nm. Moreover, we determined that the SAM chains are, on average, tilted by ∼30 deg off the sample normal. The SW-XPS results also suggest that the SAM is not a perfectly aligned and uniform monolayer, with some areas having thickness higher than a single monolayer. We demonstrated that SW-XPS can provide useful information on ultrathin materials with high potential for being used as a characterization method of organic/inorganic photoresists.
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Arterial Grafts: An Eight-Year Experience

Eight hundred twenty-two polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts were used in arterial reconstructions for lower limb ischemia over the last eight years at Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Four hundred twenty-seven femoropopliteal reconstructions with FIFE had a six-year cumulative life table patency rate of 55%, with follow-up of seventy-six grafts for more than three years and twenty-eight grafts for more than four years. Seventy-nine bypasses to an isolated popliteal segment had a six-year cumulative patency rate of 72%. There were 207 bypasses performed to the tibial, peroneal, or dorsalis pedis arteries. Life table patency rates were 55% at one year, 40% at two years, and 37% at four years. Ninety-two PTFE femorofemoral and sixty-two axillofemoral bypasses had a five-and-one-half-year cumulative life table patency rates of 83 and 75%, respectively. Axillopopliteal PTFE bypasses can salvage otherwise doomed limbs. Thirty-four such grafts had 74% one-year and 45% five-year patency rates. The overall infection rate in all 822 PTFE grafts was only 0.5%. Thus, PTFE is a promising vascular prosthetic material that can facilitate otherwise difficult or impossible limb salvage procedures.
Processing Issues: Acrylamide, Furan and Trans Fatty Acids

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the factors affecting the formation of acrylamide, furan, and trans fatty acids in processed food and gives a perspective on the current tools that are being used to manage these chemical hazards. Processing plays an essential role in the modern world in providing a safe, palatable, nutritious, and consistent food supply. Despite these benefits, processing can result in the formation of chemical hazards such as the heat-produced toxicants, acrylamide and furan, and trans fatty acids, a product of hydrogenation of oils. All three compounds have been found to have adverse physiological effects in laboratory animals, and possibly humans. Acrylamide and furan are produced by chemical reactions responsible for the desirable flavor, aroma, and color of cooked foods. Trans fatty acids are generated during processes that improve the texture of oils and render them more stable to oxidative stresses. Changing processing conditions to minimize the formation of acrylamide, furan, and trans fatty acids can result in undesirable effects on food safety and quality. Regulatory agencies in collaboration with the food industry and academia have emphasized gathering more information on the mechanisms by which they are formed and the health consequences resulting from dietary exposure to these compounds. This information provides ways for managing these chemical hazards in food.
Out of the Box: The Future of Retail Medical Clinics

The 2000s was mostly a lost decade for reform of the health care delivery system. Among the few significant innovations was the retail medical clinic, where individuals could receive basic health care at posted prices without appointments, typically from nurse practitioners or physician assistants. Most retail clinics were associated with chain drugstores, supermarkets, or other "big box" retailers. This short article describes the implications of the retail clinic model for US health policy and health care reform. It is no longer available from the online journal in which it originally appeared.
Co-Area, Liquid Crystals, and Minimal Surfaces

Oriented n area minimizing surfaces (integral currents) in M m+n can be approximated by level sets (slices) of nearly m-energy minimizing mappings M m+n → Sm with essential but controlled discontinuities. This gives new perspective on multiplicity, regularity, and computation questions in least area surface theory.
Simulation of Augmented Telerobotic Operation

This paper presents an augmented reality system which facilitates user interactive simulation of teleoperation of robotic systems. Leveraging the recent advances in augmented reality and 3D sensing and modeling technologies, the system facilitates various concepts of enhanced teleoperation, including virtual fixture, teleautonomy, and augmented teleoperation. A series of test operations was made using the virtual simulator, which demonstrated the potential benefits of the use of augmented reality technique for enhancement of teleoperation performance.
Satisficing 2 (squared) in system of systems engineering design

Recent applications of methodologies that include principles of bounded rationality have resulted in techniques such as satisficing strategies to assist with decision making in multi-objective, interdependent, and complex systems and system of systems. These strategies are most appropriate for design and decision-making situations where the modeling, simulation, and testing can be lengthy and thus optimization or experimenting on a large number of candidate solutions is infeasible. As a result, a satisficing approach, where, once a solution is found that meets the requirements, objectives, or aspiration levels of the stakeholder(s), is implemented to make the decision or select the design alternative. At least two potential issues can occur with this particular strategy: 1) if the first design tested surpasses the aspiration levels successfully for all objectives, the decision maker may be hesitant to accept this solution, unsure of the ease at which future designs might also exceed aspiration levels, and 2) if no designs tested reach the aspiration levels of all objectives, even after the time or expense allotted for testing is complete, a decision maker faces the dilemma of whether or not their aspiration levels are impossible to reach under any design parameters or conditions. If one is unduly worried about the first of these two problems and responds by adjusting the aspirations levels higher accordingly, this can increase the probability of the second problem. This paper proposes a strategy of applying a second layer of the principles of satisficing to the classical satisficing strategy, collectively called the “satisficing squared” S2 method. The S2 method will be explored in selecting a portfolio of technologies to assist reaching the goals of NASA's Environmentally Responsible Aviation Project.
Multicomponent methods for the identification and quantification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the aqueous environment

The development of sensitive and specific analytical methodology for the determination of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) content of aqueous samples is critical to studies defining the discharge, distribution, persistance, and fate of PAHs in the aqueous environment. Multicomponent PAH analytical methods developed in this laboratory for freshwater streams and rivers and their application to samples from the aqueous environment around a coal coking plant are discussed.
The Riddle in the Poem

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Živile Gimbutas Year: 2004 Pages: 211 Publisher: University Press of America ISBN: 0-7618-2845-1 Prices: $35.00 US
The Design of Structured Finance Vehicles

The Design of Structured Finance Vehicles We model the design of a structured finance deal, specifically, its capital structure, leverage risk controls, asset quality, and the rollover frequency of senior debt. Instead of providing safety, stringent risk management controls often accelerate failure, and optimal risk management choices depend critically on the rollover horizon of the senior notes. The expected losses on senior notes become increasingly sensitive to pool risk (i.e., spread volatility) when risk controls become more stringent, particularly under shorter rollover horizons. Post the financial crisis, we intend to inform the creation of safer SPVs in structured finance, and we propose avenues of mitigating senior note risk through contingent capital.
Assays for the Classification of Two Types of Esterases: Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases and Phosphoric Triester Hydrolases

Assays for the Classification of Two Types of Esterases: Carboxylic Ester Hydrolase and Phosphoric Triester Hydrolase (Douglas D. Anspaugh and Michael Roe, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina). This unit describes assays that quantitate two types of esterase the carboxylic ester hydrolases and the phosphoric triester hydrolases. Carboxylic ester hydrolases include the B-esterases, which are inhibited by organophosphorus compounds. Among the phosphoric triester hydrolases is aryldialkylphosphatase, which has been called A-esterase or paraoxonase due to its ability to oxidize paraoxon and other organophosphates. These assays are colorimetric and miniaturized for rapid simultaneous testing of multiple, small-volume samples in a microtiter plate format. There is also a discussion of the history of esterase nomenclature and the reasons why this large group of enzymes is so difficult to classify.
Efficiency, stability and the decision to give to nonprofit arts and cultural organizations in the United States

Using data from the Cultural Data Project, this study extends the literature by examining the impact of financial disclosure information on donations to arts and culture-related nonprofit organizations in the United States. Results for organization financial stability are for the most part counterintuitive: financially unstable arts and culture-related nonprofits receive more donations. The current analysis supports prior research and finds evidence of a “crowding in” effect for fundraising expenses, suggesting that nonprofits that spend more on fundraising and marketing raise more funds than those that spend less. Additional analysis indicates efficiency matters to donors when it comes to fundraising efforts. As the “cost to raise a dollar” increases donations decrease. Nonprofit managers in arts and culture-related organizations concerned about increasing donations should consider strategies that will increase the efficiency of their fundraising and marketing efforts. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
PRESENCE OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY FOR MYXOVIRUS PARAINFLUENZA 3 IN SHEEP SERA.

ConclusionParainfluenza Type 3 neutralizing antibodies were found to be present in 81% of sheep sera tested. This points to this virus as probably being a common virus infection of sheep. The antibody appeared more closely related to the bovine strain of virus than to the human strain. Several sera from pigs, dogs and cats inhibited hemagglutination by parainfluenza 3, but failed to neutralize the virus in tissue cultures. In this series of sera examined, parainfluenza 1 and 2 did not appear to play a major role in sheep, swine, dog or cat infections.
Personality and relationship correlates of loving styles

Abstract In this study we examined the personality and relationship correlates of the six different “styles of loving” described by Lee (1973) . Eighty-eight subjects completed a battery of tests, including the Love Attitudes Questionnaire, the Personality Research Form, the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Sensation-Seeking Scale, the Social Skills Inventory, and a questionnaire dealing with their current relationship and their relationship history. In contrast to previous research on this topic, the only loving style which showed clear gender differences was Eros, on which males scored significantly higher than females. The patterns of personality correlates for Ludus, Mania, and Pragma, on the other hand, were generally consistent with predictions derived from Lee's descriptions. In addition, the patterns for personality correlates were generally stronger and more consistent than those for relationship variables. These results are discussed in terms of both Lee's original account and also more recent research and theorizing on loving styles.
FEMALE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION

The ideal approach to female sexual dysfunction would be a collaborative effort between therapists and physicians and would include a complete medical and psychosocial evaluation, and inclusion of the partner spouse in the evaluation and treatment process. Despite significant anatomic and embryologic parallels between men and women, the multifaceted nature of female sexual dysfunction clearly is distinct from that of the man. The clinician cannot approach female patients or their sexual function problems in the same fashion as in male patients. The context in which a woman experiences her sexuality is equally if not more important than the physiologic outcome she experiences, and these issues should be determined before beginning medical therapy or determining treatment efficacies.
Bulk analysis of LPCVD material by RBS

Abstract Non-destructive bulk analysis is very useful for evaluating materials fabrication processes, such as the growth of crystals by chemical vapor deposition. Known samples of a pure compound and poly-crystals of three and five elements were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering (RBS) of 2 MeV alpha particles to evaluate the precision of bulk RBS analysis for this application. The spectra were compared to theoretical ones generated by computer simulation and chi-square values obtained from channel to channel comparisons were minimized by varying the input parameters, namely the ratios of elemental concentration. On a routine basis it was found that the accuracy is limited to about 2% in relative concentration, and that the RBS bulk analysis worked just as well with five element samples as with two element samples
Potential impacts of climate change on citrus and potato production in the US

Abstract Potential impacts of global climate change on fruit and vegetable yield in the US were investigated through simulations of citrus and potato. Simulated treatments included combinations of three increased temperature regimes (+ 1·5, + 2·5 and + 5·0°C), and estimates of the impact of three levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide (440, 530, and 600 ppm) in addition to control runs representing current climatic conditions. Adaptive planting dates of −28, −14, + 14 and + 28 days were included in the potato simulations for current and increased temperature regimes. Twenty-two sites were simulated for citrus yields and 12 sites for potato, using climate records from 1951 to 1980. Response surfaces were developed for all combinations of increased temperature and CO 2 . Results of citrus simulations without CO 2 -induced yield improvement indicate that production may shift slightly northward in the southern states, but yields may decline in southern Florida and Texas due to excessive heat during the winter. CO 2 effects tended to counteract the decline in simulated citrus yields. Fall potato production under current management practices appears vulnerable to an increase in temperature in the northern states; increased CO 2 and changes in planting date were estimated to have minimal compensating impacts on simulated potato yields.
Sputtered tungsten for deep submicroncomplementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology

Abstract Tungsten gate metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors formed by 6.5 nm ofthermal SiO2 and 150 nm of sputtered tungsten have been characterized. The gate metal was deposited using high argon pressure (55 mTorr) to obtain a deposit with a low residual internal stress. To avoid tungsten oxidation and to remove the oxide damage caused by the sputtering deposition process, thermal treatments (500°C ⩽ T ⩽ 800°C) were performed in a silicide oxygen-free furnace. The electrical characterization has shown the efficacy of the low temperature anneal and the onset of gate oxide degradation on treatments at T ⩾ 700°C. There is experimental evidence that this degradation can be attributed, at least partially, to the oxygen depletion that characterizes the environment inside the silicide anneal furnace.
Elucidation of the mechanism of selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-catalyzed hydrogen peroxide reduction by two glutathione molecules: a density functional study.

The mechanism of the hydrogen peroxide reduction by two molecules of glutathione catalyzed by the selenoprotein glutatione peroxidase (GPx) has been computationally studied. It has been shown that the first elementary reaction of this process, (E-SeH) + H2O2 → (E-SeOH) + H2O (1), proceeds via a stepwise pathway with the overall barrier of 17.1 kcal/mol, which is in good agreement with the experimental barrier of 14.9 kcal/mol. During reaction 1, the Gln83 residue has been found to play a key role as a proton acceptor, which is consistent with experiments. The second elementary reaction, (E-SeOH) + GSH → (E-Se-SG) + HOH (2), proceeds with the barrier of 17.9 kcal/mol. The last elementary reaction, (E-Se-SG) + GSH → (E-SeH) + GS-SG (3), is initiated with the coordination of the second glutathione molecule. The calculations clearly suggest that the amide backbone of the Gly50 residue directly participates in this reaction and the presence of two water molecules is absolutely vital for the reaction to occur. ...
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Young Adults and Older Bronchitics: Determination of IgG Responses by ELISA and the Effect of Adsorption of Serum with Non-Type-Specific Cell Wall Polysaccharide

Available pneumococcal vaccines provide only limited protection for certain at-risk populations. Fifteen healthy young adults and 11 older chronic bronchitics received 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine. ELISA showed that IgG reactive with capsular polysaccharides from Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes 3, 4, 8, 14, and 19F increased after vaccination. Bronchitics exhibited lesser responses for four of these serotypes, although differences between the groups were significant only for serotype 3. Adsorption of postvaccination sera with pneumococcal cell wall polysaccharide significantly reduced mean antibody levels in both groups and lowered the proportion of sera that demonstrated type-specific antibody responses. Reactive IgG was largely restricted to the IgG2 subclass. Pneumococcal vaccine may provide suboptimal protection of older adults because antibody responses to some capsular polysaccharides are lower in elderly bronchitics than in healthy young adults. A substantial proportion of measured antibody reflects IgG reactive with cell wall polysaccharides rather than with type-specific, capsular constituents, suggesting that antibody responses in subjects of all ages deserve reappraisal.