cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer of a liquid metal in a cavity

The paper describes a numerical algorithm for the solution of the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations in three dimensions for the problem of natural convection in a rectangular cavity as a result of differential side heating. Numerical results for two- and three-dimensional models are reported for a cavity filled with a low-Prandtl-number fluid. Supporting experiments using gallium as a working fluid are described. Measured temperatures are compared with predictions of the three-dimensional model. Agreement between data and predictions is only fair and reasons for the discrepancy are identified.
Swelling of austenitic stainless steels under fast neutron irradiation at elevated temperatures

Abstract A discussion of studies on volume increase phenomena observed in highly irradiated austenitic stainless steels is given. Volume increases are related to the production of polyhedral cavities. The likely source of swelling is a combination of the effects of two reactions: the helium-producing (n, α) reaction, and the vacancy-producing displacement reaction. It is believed that helium atoms so generated stabilize the cavity nuclei.
Applications of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides in immunology and autoimmunity research

Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos or oligonucleotides) can be useful agents for studying the role of immunologically relevant genes. Dozens of laboratories have reported antisense inhibition of a wide variety of cytokines, growth factors, proto-oncogenes, and other targets of interest to immunologists. In addition to the potential applications for antisense oligos as research tools in immunologic studies, there is increasing interest in their possible therapeutic applications. Advances in the molecular biology of immunity and autoimmunity are leading to the identification of genes whose abnormal expression could contribute to disease pathogenesis. Antisense technology may provide therapies precisely targeted to the molecular genetic inducers of human disease. Despite this bright promise, some genes or experimental systems may not be amenable to the antisense approach. Potential explanations for failed antisense experiments include such factors as nonsequence-specific effects, oligonucleotide degradation, insufficient oligonucleotide uptake, inaccessibility of the RNA target region to the oligonucleotide, and a long half-life of the target protein. This article focuses on the practical factors that may be important in optimizing antisense efficacy.
Non-Fermi-liquid fixed point for an imbalanced gas of fermions in 1+ϵ dimensions.

We consider a gas of two species of fermions with population imbalance. Using the renormalization group in $d=1+ϵ$ spatial dimensions, we show that for spinless fermions and $2gϵg0$ a fixed point appears at finite attractive coupling where the quasiparticle residue vanishes, and identify this with the transition to Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell order (inhomogeneous superconductivity). When the two species of fermions also carry spin degrees of freedom we find a fixed point indicating a transition to spin density wave order.
A population-based epidemiologic analysis of deaths from anaphylaxis in Florida.

Background: Previous US population-based epidemiologic studies of anaphylactic deaths have been limited by small populations and/or few deaths. The objective of this study was to determine the 10-year incidence of death from anaphylaxis in Florida and its descriptive epidemiology. Methods: Patients who died from anaphylaxis from 1996 to 2005 were identified from ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes on death certificates statewide. Age, race and gender-specific anaphylactic death rates were calculated. Results: There were 89 deaths among Florida residents. The individuals with autopsy confirmed diagnoses, and those with clinical diagnoses only, did not differ with regard to race, anaphylactic triggers or the clinical variables of lung and heart disease. Annual death rate for anaphylaxis in Florida was 5.02/10 000 000. The relative risk of death from anaphylaxis was 14.09 for individuals ≥65 years old (P = 0.0000002) and 6.38 for individuals 35–64 years old (P = 0.0019) compared with those who were 5–14 years of age. Deaths among Florida residents that occurred in emergency rooms or outpatient settings were 2.11 times as likely to be anaphylactic deaths than deaths that occurred in inpatient settings (P = 0.0026). The ratios of anaphylactic deaths to total deaths in March and April and in July and August were greater than the ratios for the other bimonthly periods (P = 0.02). Conclusion: Death from anaphylaxis in Florida was more likely to occur in older individuals, in an emergency department, and in the months of March and April and July and August.
Three-Dimensional Residual Tidal Circulation in an Elongated, Rotating Basin

Abstract The three-dimensional residual circulation driven by tides in an elongated basin of arbitrary depth is described with a small amplitude, constant density model on the f plane. The inclusion of rotation fundamentally alters the residual flow. With rotation, fluid is drawn into the basin on the right side of an observer looking toward the closed end (in the Northern Hemisphere) and the return flow is on the opposite side. A lateral circulation is superposed on the axial flow, with upwelling over the deeper part of each section and downwelling near the sides. The residual flow is driven by a combination of advective terms, including the lateral advection of axial momentum associated with the Coriolis acceleration and Stokes forcing. Tidally averaged fluid parcel trajectories are determined by integrating the Lagrangian mean velocities. With or without rotation these trajectories vary considerably depending on small differences in initial position as well as on basin shape and other parameters of the...
Cross-linked structures of nadic-end-capped polyimides at 371°C

The thermally induced cross-linking of nadic-end-capped polyimides has been studied by a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Two nadic-end-capped polyimides were subjected to 371 °C heat treatment for 100 h in order to study cross-linking resulting from elevated temperature. The glass transition temperature of the treated samples increased to greater than 400 °C, indicating that both polyimides underwent extensive chemical changes during heat treatment. 13C spin counts were measured before and after heat treatment by 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance. Electron spin resonance measurements showed an increase in the concentration of stable free radicals in the treated samples. Dynamic nuclear polarization and electron spin resonance results show that two species of free radicals are present in the treated samples; the first is located on the polymer backbone and the second on the cross-linking network that arises from the reaction of the nadic end-capping groups. On the ...
Children'S Social Interactions and Social Concepts: Analyses of Morality and Convention in the Virgin Islands

Observations and interviews were conducted in the Virgin Islands to examine the forms of responses adults and preschool children provided to moral and social conventional transgressions, and to determine whether children and adolescents made a conceptual distinction between morality and convention. Findings from both portions of the study paralled outcomes of previous observational and interview studies conducted with subjects in the United States. The observations in Virgin Islands preschools revealed that the responses of both adults and children to social conventional events differed from their responses to moral events. Both children's and adults' responses to moral events focused upon the intrinsic (hurtful or unjust) consequences of the actions upon victims. In contrast, the responses of both children and adults to transgressions of social conventions revolved around aspects of social order.Two forms of convention were observed: conventional school regulations and general conventions. Almost all res...
DNA methylation differences at growth related genes correlate with birth weight: a molecular signature linked to developmental origins of adult disease?

Background: Infant birth weight is a complex quantitative trait associated with both neonatal and long-term health outcomes. Numerous studies have been published in which candidate genes (IGF1, IGF2, IGF2R, IGF binding proteins, PHLDA2 and PLAGL1) have been associated with birth weight, but these studies are difficult to reproduce in man and large cohort studies are needed due to the large inter individual variance in transcription levels. Also, very little of the trait variance is explained. We decided to identify additional candidates without regard for what is known about the genes. We hypothesize that DNA methylation differences between individuals can serve as markers of gene “expression potential” at growth related genes throughout development and that these differences may correlate with birth weight better than single time point measures of gene expression. Methods: We performed DNA methylation and transcript profiling on cord blood and placenta from newborns. We then used novel computational approaches to identify genes correlated with birth weight. Results: We identified 23 genes whose methylation levels explain 70-87% of the variance in birth weight. Six of these (ANGPT4, APOE, CDK2, GRB10, OSBPL5 and REG1B) are associated with growth phenotypes in human or mouse models. Gene expression profiling explained a much smaller fraction of variance in birth weight than did DNA methylation. We further show that two genes, the transcriptional repressor MSX1 and the growth factor receptor adaptor protein GRB10, are correlated with transcriptional control of at least seven genes reported to be involved in fetal or placental growth, suggesting that we have identified important networks in growth control. GRB10 methylation is also correlated with genes involved in reactive oxygen species signaling, stress signaling and oxygen sensing and more recent data implicate GRB10 in insulin signaling. Conclusions: Single time point measurements of gene expression may reflect many factors unrelated to birth weight, while inter-individual differences in DNA methylation may represent a “molecular fossil record” of differences in birth weight-related gene expression. Finding these “unexpected” pathways may tell us something about the long-term association between low birth weight and adult disease, as well as which genes may be susceptible to environmental effects. These findings increase our understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in human development and disease progression.
On the structure of highly unsaturated fatty acids of fish oils by high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectral analysis

Methyl esters of highly unsaturated fatty acid concentrates were prepared from fish oils by the urea-adduct method. The nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of the mixed esters and some related pattern compounds were analyzed. As a result, it was concluded that the structure of highly unsaturated fatty acids has divinylmethane arrangement of the ethylenic bonds and no divinylethane arrangement, and that one methylene group is present between the terminal methyl group and the double bond located at the remotest position from a carboxyl group in the acids.
Snakes produce kairomones that induce aggregation of unfed larval blacklegged ticks Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae)

We have observed in the field copperhead snakes with Ixodes scapularis larvae feeding near the head and cloaca opening. Results show that copperhead excreta acts as a host cue that causes a significant proportion of unfed I. scapularis larvae to stop crawling, curl their legs, and remain motionless in short range bioassays. Clustering of larvae on snake excreta-treated surfaces occurred within one hour and aggregations remained for up to 12 hours. Shed skins of copperheads also prompted arrestment of larval activity (i.e., mobility has stopped). Similar levels of arrestment were noted when testing shed skins and excreta from captive ball pythons (Python regius), Burmese pythons (Python moralus), Mexican cantils (Agkistrodon bilineatus), and variable kingsnakes (Lampropeltis mexicana), suggesting that chemical cues utilized by larvae are similar among snake species. Larvae reacted positively by arresting to uric acid (main purine component in reptile excreta) and squalene (main lipid on shed snake skin). U...
Transplantation and islet topics.

This is the fourth in a series of articles on presentations at the American Diabetes Association Annual Meeting, Orlando, Florida, 4–8 June 2004. The American Society of Transplantation (www.a-s-t.org) held a symposium at the June ADA meeting addressing the importance of diabetes following transplantation (1). Martha Pavlakis (Boston, MA) introduced the symposium, pointing out the importance of “long-term management, now that our focus is no longer [merely] getting the patient to survive 1 year.” Among the risks of transplantation are those of the surgery itself, those of chronic immunosuppression, and now those of new-onset diabetes, which “definitely affects graft and patient survival.” Fernando G. Cosio (Rochester, MN) gave an overview of new-onset diabetes after transplantation in the U.S. Defining posttransplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) as new onset of abnormal glucose metabolism following transplantation, he noted that it is common, that the incidence is increasing, and that the pathogenesis is complex. PTDM is associated with unexpectedly high risk of patient death, as well as with risk to the graft. One important question is whether this is “really new onset,” as the level of glucose tolerance of many patients is not carefully characterized before transplantation, and few studies assess patients for impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), or even for impaired fasting glucose (IFG). Indeed, rather crude diagnostic criteria are often used, such as the need for insulin administration, need for any glucose-lowering medicine, or assignment of billing codes for diabetes, so certainly many patients have diabetes that is not recognized. Given these reservations, the incidence of diabetes has been shown to increase with time after transplantation and appears to be higher among patients treated with tacrolimus than those treated with cyclosporine, at ∼15 vs. 10% for kidney and 18 vs. 8% for liver transplantation. Cosio reviewed his studies, with a linear increase in PTDM …
On the specimen dependence of unidirectional boron/aluminum fracture toughness

Fracture toughness, as commonly defined for unidirectional boron/ aluminum, was measured with center-notched, compact tension, and vari ous sized three-point bend specimens. All coupons were cut from the same plate of material. The values of fracture toughness determined were found to be specimen dependent, thus indicating that fracture toughness is not a material property for the size and type of specimens tested. The failure mode was also found to be specimen dependent. Crack growth colinear with the notch occurred in the center-notched and three-point bend speci mens, while the crack initiated and propagated perpendicular to the notch tip in compact tension specimens. The failure of linear elastic fracture mechanics to define a material property for these specimens was attributed to extensive matrix yielding in regions remote from the notch tip. The existence of widespread matrix yielding was confirmed with a strain gaged, center-notched tensile specimen.
The Impact of Information Technology on the Six "Ts" of Supply Chain Management

Product recalls can highlight strengths and weaknesses in an organization’s supply chain. To date, few studies have explored the role of information systems in the recall process. This study presents Roth et al. (2008)’s 6Ts of global recall effectiveness as a useful framework for assessing the role of information technology (IT) in the recall process. In this study, we use a qualitative methodology to capture the richness of this phenomenon. The results offer new insights into the value of IT in the recall process. We highlight diverse management strategies utilized by supply chain stakeholders during the recall process. In particular, we discuss important themes that emerged from the data analysis. We conclude with a discussion of the research and practical implications.
Retrospective analysis of the safety profile of oral and intravenous ciprofloxacin in a geriatric population.

Abstract Background: Ciprofloxacin is a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic used in the treatment of a wide range of mild to moderate gram-positive and gram-negative infections. Although extensive information is available on the safety profile of ciprofloxacin in adults, few published data exist regarding the tolerability and toxicity of this drug in patients aged ≥65 years. Objectives: The objectives of this retrospective analysis were to compare the safety profile of ciprofloxacin in patients aged ≥65 years versus patients aged Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 prospective, controlled anti-infective clinical trials in the US Bayer ciprofloxacin database that included patients aged ≥65 years. These trials comprised the submission file of the original and supplemental New Drug Application for ciprofloxacin. The incidence of treatment-emergent and drug-related adverse events was assessed. Results: Of the 6863 patients in these 23 clinical trials, 3579 recieved ciprofloxacin therapy and 3284 received comparator antimicrobial agents. Of the ciprofloxacin-treated patients, 898 (25.1%) were aged ≥65 years; 887 (27.0%) of the patients who received comparator antimicrobial agents were aged ≥65 years. Among ciprofloxacin-treated patients, drug-related adverse events were reported more often in those aged -65 years (16.8%). Premature discontinuation due to any adverse events was reported in 3.9% (105 or 2681) and 3.7% (33 of 898) of ciprofloxacin-treated patients aged -65 years were digestive system-related (18.1% and 11.4%, respectively) and central nervous system-related events (6.6% and 4.9%, respectively). Conclusions: The retrospective analysis suggests that there is no clinically important difference in the safety profile of ciprofloxacin in patients aged >-65 years versus patients aged
Parameters influencing the recrystallization rate of snow

Analysis of experimental data on snow recrystallization under various conditions shows that some components have been omitted in the presently accepted theoretical interpretations and semi-empirical models of the metamorphic process in snow. The observed recrystallization rates related to volumetric mass production, temperature gradient, and temperature are presented. An explanation of the experimental results is proposed in terms of the mass exchange inside a diffusion field of an individual cell of the ice matrix (not necessarily resulting in a crystal size increase) and the mass exchange between the diffusion fields (resulting in change in crystal size). Such interpretation can be used for a combined physical description of the equilibrium and kinetic metamorphism for different types of snow.
Fixation of canine tendons to metal

For the purpose of developing a method to attach tendons directly to the prosthesis, canine supraspinatus tendons were attached in vitro to a metallic surface, using 3 different fixation devices: a spiked polyacetal washer (Synthes®), a spiked soft tissue fixation plate (Synthes®), and a newly designed Enhanced Tendon Anchor (ETA), which straddled the tendon with interlocking spikes oriented at a 20-degree angle. 2 methods were used: 1) the tendon was fixed directly to the metallic surface, or 2) a bone block containing the tendon insertion was fixed to the metallic surface. The specimens were tested for initial fixation strength in tension to failure; intact bone-muscle-tendon-bone units were used as controls.Bone block fixations were stronger than direct tendon fixations when the spiked washer or the ETA was used: this was not true of the fixation plate. The ETA was stronger than the other techniques in ultimate strength in both direct tendon fixation and bone block fixation. The soft tissue fixation pl...
Adaptation to a novel host modifies host discrimination by the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus

Females of the seed beetle Callosobruchus maculatus avoid adding eggs to seeds that already bear eggs. Geographical variation in this behaviour has been thought to depend on differences in host size. In populations that attack small-seeded legumes, only one or two larvae can develop within a seed, and females are especially adept at detecting and rejecting occupied (egg-laden) seeds. We performed a mass-selection experiment in which replicate lines of a population associated with a small host (mung bean, Vigna radiata) were either maintained on this host or were transferred to a larger host (cowpea, Vigna unguiculata) that can support several larvae per seed. After more than 40 generations, we estimated the strength of host discrimination by presenting females a choice of egg-free and egg-laden seeds, and by quantifying how uniformly females spread their eggs among egg-free seeds. Compared to females maintained on mung bean, females from cowpea lines were more likely to accept occupied seeds in choice tests. They also distributed their eggs less uniformly, especially when cowpea served as the test host. Cowpea lines thus evolved to resemble populations that have long been associated with the larger host. A separate study showed that weaker host discrimination in the cowpea lines was accompanied by a decline in larval competitiveness, which may have further relaxed selection for avoidance of occupied hosts. Our results demonstrate that switching to a novel resource can produce rapid and predictable changes in a fitness-related insect behaviour.  2003 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour
Increasing the Sensitivity of On-Chip Digital Thermal Sensors with Pre-Filtering

Thermal monitoring has been broadly used to protect high-end integrated circuits from over-heating and to identify hot-spots in complex circuits. In this paper, we present a method to increase the sensitivity of an on-chip digital thermal sensor. In contrast to the existing mechanisms that characterize the overall temperature profile on a die, our solution is able to detect the submerged thermal variation caused by specific predefined events (SPE), under the precondition that the SPE’s dominant frequency does not overlap with those of other thermal events. This is made possible by pre-filtering of the temperature value. A demonstrator is implemented in an ordinary FPGA, in which the SPE is a person’s finger touching on the FPGA package. We successfully show that our design can do a correct and reliable detection of the finger touching event while ignoring other larger variations caused by other reasons. Because the finger touching event has no other special characteristics except for its unique frequency, we conclude that our solution is also applicable to other SPEs, especially low-frequency ones. In general, our method is sensitive, reliable and also flexible.
kth-Order Closed Form Difference Equations for 1-Dimensional, First and Second order, Linear Hyperbolic Equations, with Applications to Quasilinear Systems

In Huang and Cushman (1981) a high order accurate nonstandard finite element technique was presented for deriving finite difference schemes of ktk-order accuracy for the linear in- viscid Burger’s equation and a second order linear hyperbolic equation. The schemes however were not presented in closed form and as we will see for linear equations the schemes are similar to characteristic schemes. The technique when used on nonlinear equations (e.g. the shallow water equations) requires the inversion of a matrix at each node (the dimension of the matrix increases with increasing order of interpolation). This inversion operation can be a very time-consuming process. We thus propose to present a closed form equation to eliminate the necessity of inverting a matrix at each node.
Development of a Model-Based Dynamic Recurrent Neural Network for Modeling Nonlinear Systems

In this study we develop the theory lying behind a model-based dynamic recurrent neural network (MBDRNN) that has been previously used to improve the linearized models of nonlinear systems. The initial structure of the MBDRNN is based on the linearized system model. Afterwards, the MBDRNN is trained to represent the system's nonlinearities by adapting the weights of its nodes' activation functions using Back-Propagation. The MBDRNN is applied with analytical detail to an arbitrarily chosen Single-Input/Single-Output (SISO) second order nonlinear system, and comparisons are made between the linearized and MBDRNN models, showing that the MBDRRN effectively improved the linearized model
Brain gain or brain circulation? U.S. doctoral recipients returning to South Korea

This study explored the reasons for current reverse mobility patterns in South Korea and how the country benefits from returning U.S. doctoral recipients in the forms of brain gain and brain circulation. Based on interviews of Korean faculty who studied in the U.S., this study found that while the political economy might help to explain why Korean students choose to study in the U.S., it does not fully capture their decisions to return. Family ties and cultural reasons transcended reasons related to economic mobility. The study also found that while both brain gain and brain circulation were present, brain adaptation was especially prevalent.
CHRNA7 and CHRFAM7A: Psychosis and Smoking? Blame the Neighbors!

Schizophrenia is a common psychiatric disorder defined by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized thought, social withdrawal,andvariousothersymptomsthatoftenemergeinearly adulthood. The underlying molecular pathology likely includes broad changes in gene expression in neurons residing in the cerebral cortex and other brain regions, with many of the DNA polymorphisms implicated in heritable liability forschizophreniapositionedingeneproximalpromotersand other “regulatory” DNA elements governing transcription (1). A deeper understanding of the specific gene expression patterns that are dysregulated in the brain of individuals diagnosedwithschizophrenia (andrelateddisorderssharing some of the same genetic risk architectures and disease mechanisms, including bipolar disorder and some cases of unipolar depression) is critical. This is because even today, more than a half century after introduction of the firstgeneration antipsychotic drugs, at least one-third of the patient pool shows a poor treatment response to many of the conventionaldrugs,includingthosethattargetdopamineand
Orientational preference and predictability in a symmetric arrangement of magnetic drops

An investigation of a symmetrical arrangement of N quasi-two-dimensional magnetic domains in an external field is carried out. By minimizing the linearized interaction energy for this arrangement using a nearest-neighbor approximation, an orientationally preferred state of the system is found. This orientational preference leads to a large degree of predictability in the final patterns as demonstrated by some experiments using ferrofluids. The final state patterns are also investigated by carrying out a series of numerical simulations. These simulations exhibit a similar predictability and the final patterns bear a strong resemblance to those obtained experimentally.
Syntax and the Form of Language at Clinic

Syntax refers to the structural order of language. As mentioned previously, Morris (1964) suggested that syntactic study concerns the relationship of sign-to-sign and that this aspect of language may be studied independently. Indeed, ever since Chomsky (1957) and the new grammarians took hold of the linguistic sciences, the scope of their efforts has been narrowed to the study of the formal relationships in syntax. The central arguments generated around this theme will be reviewed for a clear understanding prior to the application of syntactic models to the clinical issues to be considered.
Artificial ventilation of premature newborn rabbits: effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on lung mechanics and lung morphology.

. Nilsson, R., Grossmann, G. and Robertson, B. (Department of Paediatric Pathology and Department of Paediatrics, St. Goran's Children's Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden). Artificial ventilation of premature newborn rabbits; effects of positive end-expiratory pressure on lung mechanics and lung morphology. Acta Paediatr Scand, 69: 597, 1980.—44 premature newborn rabbits, removed by hysterotomy on day 27 of gestation, were ventilated with positive pressure under differing standardized conditions, with or without application of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP; 5 cm H2O). After 10 min ventilation, compliance of the lung-thorax system was significantly higher in fetuses ventilated with PEEP than in controls. The application of PEEP also resulted in a significantly lower maximal expiratory air flow compared to controls in groups ventilated with standardized tidal volume. Morphometric evaluation revealed bronchiolar epithelial lesions to be less prominent in fetuses treated with PEEP. Our findings show that application of PEEP has a beneficial effect on lung mechanics during artificial ventilation and that it reduces the risk of epithelial damage to the airways, presumably by promoting uniform expansion of the lung parenchyma.
Generalized Sentiment-Bearing Expression Features for Sentiment Analysis

In this work, we propose a novel approach to extract sentiment-bearing expression features derived from dependency structures. Rather than directly use dependency relations generated by a parser, we propose a set of heuristic rules to detect both explicit and implicit negations in the text. Then, three patterns are defined to support generalized sentiment-bearing expressions. By altering existing dependency features with detected negations and generalized sentimentbearing expressions we are able to achieve more accurate sentiment polarity classification. We evaluate the proposed approach on three labeled collections of different lengths, and measure the gain from the generalized dependency features when used in addition to the bag-of-words features. Our results demonstrate that generalized dependency-based features are more effective when compared to standard features. Using these we are able to surpass the state-of-the-art in sentiment classification.
The Real Oil Problem

There is not, and never has been, an oil crisis or gap. Oil reserves are not dwindling. The Middle East does not have and has never had any oil weapon. The real problem we face over oil dates from after 1970: a strong but clumsy monopoly of mostly Middle Eastern exporters cooperating as OPEC. The biggest exporters have acted in concert to limit supply and thus raise oil price - possibly too high even for their own good. The output levels they establish by trial-and-error are very unstable. OPEC has damaged the world economy, not by malice, but because its members cannot help but do so.
Overwinter Survival of the Red Imported Fire Ant: Effects of Various Habitats and Food Supply

Survival of colonies of the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, during the record-breaking low winter temperatures of 1976–77 was low (4–42%) in the Piedmont Plateau in central Georgia. Most surviving colonies were near trees or ditches which were protective weather barriers. Occasionally, colonies survived in open unprotected fields. Provision of supplemental food did not increase survival. Mortality was low in the Coastal Plain in southern Georgia.
Estimating Depth to Argillic Soil Horizons using Apparent Electrical Conductivity Response Functions

Maps of apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil profile are widely used in precision agriculture practice and research. A number of ECa sensors are commercially available, each with a unique response function (i.e., the relative contribution of soil at each depth to the integrated ECa reading).
The three MacBeths: fact and fiction

The Three MacBeths of this paper are, first, the real King of Scotland from 1040 to 1057; second, the character from Holinsheds Chronicles , Shakespeare’s source; and third, Shakespeare’s character in his eponymous play. This study examines the interrelationships of fact and fiction in the three MacBeths of history, chronicle, and literature, as well as significant changes made by Shakespeare in the interests of a more dramatic and politically acceptable work. Os tres Macbeths discutidos neste ensaio sao, primeiro, o rei da Escocia entre 1040 e 1057; em segundo lugar, o personagem das Cronicas de Holinshed, fonte utilizada por Shakespeare; e, finalmente, o personagem da peca shakespeareana. Este estudo examina as interrelacoes entre fato e ficcao nos tres Macbeths - o da historia, o da cronica e o da literatura. Examina, ainda, as alteracoes significativas efetuadas por Shakespeare a fim de criar um texto mais teatral e mais aceitavel politicamente.
Inferring Higher-Order Affordances for more Natural Human-Robot Collaboration

Helper robots will be critical in many sectors: helping our elderly and disabled in assisted living facilities, conducting search-and-rescue missions in unforgiving terrain to save human lives, assisting our astronauts on the space station, or even monitoring our surroundings to keep us safe from national security threats. The ultimate goal of our research is to endow robots in these critical sectors with the ability to find creative ways to use and manipulate objects, especially when there is minimal and uncertain information. We have taken the first steps towards this goal and proposed a novel approach based on Dempster-Shafer (DS) theory for inferring object affordances.
Ascorbic acid and copper in linoleate oxidation. I. Measurement of oxidation by ultraviolet spectrophotometry and the thiobarbituric acid test

The UV absorption method and the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) test for oxidation of an aqueous suspension of linoleate were compared. The absorption method depends on the formation of hydroperoxides having conjugated double bonds that absorb strongly at 233 nm. The absorption at 233 nm increased markedly during oxidation of linoleate catalyzed by either ascorbic acid or cupric ions. The concentration of ascorbic acid in the reaction mixture was also measured by UV absorption at 265 nm and pH 7.0. Color development in the TBA test also increased markedly with the extent of oxidation of linoleate. When ascorbic acid was the catalyst, UV absorption detected early stages of oxidation with greater sensitivity than the TBA test. The reverse was true when Cu(++) was the catalyst. In general, the relation between the two procedures will depend on whether copper is present when the TBA test is made.
Associations between cytokines, endocrine stress response, and gastrointestinal symptoms in autism spectrum disorder

Many children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have significant gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, but the etiology is currently unknown. Some individuals with ASD show altered reactivity to stress and altered immune markers relative to typically-developing individuals, particularly stress-responsive cytokines including tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). Acute and chronic stress is associated with the onset and exacerbation of GI symptoms in those without ASD. The present study examined whether GI symptoms in ASD were associated with increases in cortisol, a stress-associated endocrine marker, and TNF-α and IL-6 in response to stress. As hypothesized, a greater amount of lower GI tract symptoms were significantly associated with post-stress cortisol concentration. The relationship between cortisol response to stress and GI functioning was greater for children who had a history of regressive autism. Exploratory analyses revealed significant correlations between cortisol response, intelligence, and inappropriate speech. In contrast, symptoms of the lower GI tract were not associated with levels of TNF-α or IL-6. Significant correlations were found, however, between TNF-α and IL-6 and irritability, socialization, and intelligence. These findings suggest that individuals with ASD and symptoms of the lower GI tract may have an increased response to stress, but this effect is not associated with concomitant changes in TNF-α and IL-6. The relationship between cortisol stress response and lower GI tract symptoms in children with regressive autism, as well as the relationships between cortisol, IL-6, and intelligence in ASD, warrant further investigation.
The 20~(th) century development of science and technology in a Nobel prize perspective

The Nobel prize is the epitome of the 20th century development in science and technology.Indeed,the prize provides us with a panorama of the above development including: the development from the elementary research method to the advanced one;the change from the single research means to the comprehensive one;the transition of research force from individual to collective;the transfer of the research center from Europe to America.As a result,it is of great importance to follow the development trend of science and technology in the 21st century when we can acknowledge those features and regular patterns.
8th Symposium on Hemostasis: Translational and Basic Science Discoveries

It has been 14 years since the first symposium on hemostasis at UNC Chapel Hill that focused primarily on the tissue factor (TF) and Factor VIIa (FVIIa) biology, biochemistry and translational work for the treatment of bleeding. Concepts, mechanistic data and therapeutic agents have since emerged that permeate not only aspects of the TF and FVIIa functions, but also broader processes in hemostasis and thrombosis. These processes involve circulating proteins, receptors, cells and cellular components that interact within the coagulation system as well as with additional systems that are dysregulated in disorders seemingly unrelated to bleeding/thrombosis. The reviews in this symposium provide the research background to understand such interactions and integrations.
Incision history of the Black Canyon of Gunnison, Colorado, over the past ∼1 Ma inferred from dating of fluvial gravel deposits

Spatio-temporal variability in fluvial incision rates in bedrock channels provides data regarding uplift and denudation histories of landscapes. The longitudinal profile of the Gunnison River (Colorado), tributary to the Colorado River, contains a prominent knickzone with 800 m of relief across it within the Black Canyon of the Gunnison. Average bedrock incision rates over the last 0.64 Ma surrounding the knickpoint vary from 150 m/Ma (downstream) to 400–550 m/Ma (within) to 90–95 m/Ma (upstream), suggesting it is a transient feature. Lava Creek B ash constrains strath terraces along a paleoprofile of the river. An isochron cosmogenic burial date in the paleo–Bostwick River of 870 ± 220 ka is consistent with the presence of 0.64 Ma Lava Creek B ash in locally derived, stratigraphically younger sediment. With 350 m of incision since deposition, we determine an incision rate of 400–550 m/Ma, reflecting incision through resistant basement rock at 2–3 times regional incision rates. Such contrast is attributed to a wave of transient incision, potentially initiated by downstream base-level fall during abandonment of Unaweep Canyon at ca. 1 Ma. Rate extrapolation indicates that the ∼700 m depth of Black Canyon has been eroded since 1.3–1.75 Ma. The Black Canyon knickpoint overlies a strong gradient between low-velocity mantle under the Colorado Rockies and higher-velocity mantle of the Colorado Plateau. We interpret recent reorganization and transient incision of both the Gunnison River and upper Colorado River systems to be a response to mantle-driven epeirogenic uplift of the southern Rockies in the last 10 Ma.
Watershed structural influences on the distributions of stream network water and solute travel times under baseflow conditions

Watershed structure influences the timing, magnitude, and spatial location of water and solute entry to stream networks. In turn, stream reach transport velocities and stream network geometry (travel distances) further influence the timing of export from watersheds. Here, we examine how watershed and stream network organization can affect travel times of water from delivery to the stream network to arrival at the watershed outlet. We analysed watershed structure and network geometry and quantified the relationship between stream discharge and solute velocity across six study watersheds (11.4 to 62.8 km2) located in the Sawtooth Mountains of central Idaho, USA. Based on these analyses, we developed stream network travel time functions for each watershed. We found that watershed structure, stream network geometry, and the variable magnitude of inputs across the network can have a pronounced affect on water travel distances and velocities within a stream network. Accordingly, a sample taken at the watershed outlet is composed of water and solutes sourced from across the watershed that experienced a range of travel times in the stream network. We suggest that understanding and quantifying stream network travel time distributions are valuable for deconvolving signals observed at watershed outlets into their spatial and temporal sources, and separating terrestrial and in-channel hydrological, biogeochemical, and ecological influences on in-stream observations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution of the "parks as lungs" metaphor: is it still relevant?

ABSTRACTConceptualizing urban parks as “the lungs of the city” is one of the parks field’s most enduring metaphors. Indeed, it is often uttered unthinkingly as a cliche. Its roots date back over 200 years. The reason it was so widely adopted in the nineteenth century is that it was unusually powerful and resonant in the context of the ubiquitous filth and stench in the industrial cities where it originated. This paper describes the conditions which fostered the metaphor; explains its private and public good dimensions; traces its genesis and diffusion, including its transition from England to the US and concludes with an assessment of its potency in contemporary society.
Citrus Pulp Recovery

The growing interest in citrus pulp, or frozen, stabilized juice sacs, stems from the rapid influx of high quality citrus juices and juice added beverages into the market. Juice sacs have been recovered for many years and it has not been until the past few years that this practice evolved into a sophisticated technology.Paper published with permission.Compilation Copyright © 2018 ASME
Association of MiR-26b mediated doxorubicin resistance signature with poor prognosis in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).

e17070Background: MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been established as key regulators of tumor gene expression as well as prime biomarker candidates for clinical phenotypes. We analyzed the regulatory structure of miRNAs and their colocalized gene targets in EOC tissue to construct a regulatory signature for clinical prognosis. Methods: FFPE blocks of primary EOC tumor tissue with > 80% tumor cells were selected for 20 patients (stage ≥ IIc) for whom follow up data was available. Expression levels of mRNA and miRNA were assayed separately. An integrated analysis was performed to identify miRNA/mRNA regulatory clusters. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out on the coexpression of putative miRNA target genes, from the miRTarBase database, with their respective miRNAs, to identify enriched categories for each miRNA. MiRNAs with at least one significantly enriched category from the MSigDB C2 dataset at a false discovery rate of 0.05 were chosen. For each enriched category of each miRNA, a regulon was defi...
Outcomes of patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia after solid organ transplantation

Organ transplant recipients are at an increased risk for subsequent cancer including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Treatment of AML following solid transplantation represents a clinical challenge since most patients have significant co-morbidities at the time of AML diagnosis. In the current study, we evaluated the treatment and outcomes of patients who developed AML following solid organ transplantation at our institution and reviewed the literature on outcomes for these patients. The study cohort consisted of 14 patients (median age 66 years, range 52-77 years) with newly diagnosed AML following solid organ transplantation. The median interval time between solid organ transplantation and AML diagnosis was 72 months (range 15 – 368 months). Seven patients received standard induction chemotherapy, four patients received intermediate type therapy, and the remaining 3 patients were deemed not fit for therapy and received palliative and supportive care. Six of the 11 treated patients (55%) achieved CR. The median overall survival (OS) for all patients was 6 months. The median OS for the patients who achieved complete remission after therapy was 17 months and 2 months for the remaining patients. Despite initial CR, relapse rates are still high, suggesting that alternative strategies for post-remission therapies are warranted. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Lutheran Antigens, Lutheran Regulatory Genes, and Lutheran Regulatory Gene Targets

The Lutheran blood group is a family of red cell polymorphisms comprising at least two major alleles, Lu a and Lu b. Lutheran antigens are for the most part clinically insignificant, although some Lutheran antibodies cause mild clinical problems. Nevertheless, the Lutheran blood group antigens have played an important role in the study of human genetics, and further research of Lutheran regulatory genes promises to be equally informative. The genetic importance of the Lutheran system first came to light when Jan Mohr (1951, 1954) demonstrated that the Lutheran locus (Lu) and the Secretor locus (Se) provided the first known example of autosomal crossing-over and then suggested a further linkage between the myotonic dystrophy gene (DM) and the Lu and Se loci. Furthermore, it was the Lu-Se linkage that gave the first evidence that the frequency of crossing-over was sex-related (Cook, 1965). The linkage between the Lu and Dm genes was later proven (Renwick et al., 1971). Since these findings, Lu has been mapped to chromosome 19 by genetic linkage to the third component of human complement (C3) (Eiberg et al., 1983). Evidence that Se is distal to Lu on chromosome 19q has been provided by Zelinski et al. (1989).