cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interactions of cellular proteins involved in the transcriptional regulation of the human immunodeficiency virus.

Abstract The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a human retrovirus which is the etiologic agent of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. To study the cellular factors involved in the transcriptional regulation of this virus, we performed DNase I footprinting of the viral LTR using partially purified HeLa cell extracts. Five regions of the viral LTR appear critical for DNA binding of cellular proteins. These include the negative regulatory, enhancer, SP1, TATA and untranslated regions. Deletion mutagenesis of these binding domains has significant effects on the basal level of transcription and the ability to be induced by the viral tat protein. Mutations of either the negative regulatory or untranslated regions affect factor binding to the enhancer region. In addition, oligonucleotides complementary to several of the binding domains specifically compete for factor binding. These results suggest that interactions between several distinct cellular proteins are required for HIV transcriptional regulation.
A national survey of research requirements for family practice residents and faculty.

Background and objectives The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education recognizes that research education is a fundamental, although not always required, aspect of resident training. Since there is little information available on family practice resident research requirements, directors of US family practice training programs were surveyed about their programs' research requirements and research curricula. Methods A questionnaire survey was mailed to directors of family practice residency training programs listed in the American Academy of Family Physicians Directory of Family Practice Residency Programs. Seventy-five percent of residency program directors participated in the study. Results Almost half (48.6%) of responding programs required a resident research project, but only one fourth linked annual resident promotions to progress on the research project. Programs that required a project were more likely to say they provide a research curriculum, but information on these varied widely. Only 12.9% said faculty were required to engage in research/scholarly activities. The top two reasons for requiring resident research were (1) to develop critical thinking and patient care skills and (2) to understand the medical literature. The top two reasons for not requiring resident research were (1) attitude that it isn't necessary and (2) lack of faculty or time. Conclusions The research requirement during family practice residency appears to be growing. However, the nature and benefit of family practice residency research education still remains undefined.
CALCULATION OF TAYLOR SERIES FOR JULIA SETS IN POWERS OF A PARAMETER

ABSTRACT Let {f c } be a family of mappings dependent on a parameter c. A method is presented for calculating sets which can represent the successive derivatives with respect to c of the Julia set for f c at some value c 0 of c. In practice, the Taylor series constructed from these derivatives yields good approximations to the Julia sets for f c for c in a neighborhood of c 0.
Host-Pathogen Interactions in Postharvest Diseases

Every fruit, vegetable and root crop is exposed to hundreds of species of microorganisms during its lifetime yet the vast majority of these are incapable of extensively invading the plant tissues as long as the cells are living and the tissues are coherent. Approximately 25 species of fungi and bacteria are responsible for the major decays of plant products after harvest. Most of these microorganisms have the potential for attacking only a few different products from related species of plants. For example, Penicillium digitatum causes green mold on citrus fruits but does not cause disease in apples and pears. P. expansum on the other hand, attacks apples and pears, but not citrus fruits. Successful pathogens must have the capability to overcome the host defenses, must be able to initiate growth under conditions of water potential, pH and nutrients present in the host tissues, and must elaborate enzymes that macerate host tissue and cause a release of nutrients required to sustain the indeterminate parasitic development of the pathogen in the host tissues.
Defining and Detecting Complex Peak Relationships in Mass Spectral Data: The Mz.unity Algorithm

Analysis of a single analyte by mass spectrometry can result in the detection of more than 100 degenerate peaks. These degenerate peaks complicate spectral interpretation and are challenging to annotate. In mass spectrometry-based metabolomics, this degeneracy leads to inflated false discovery rates, data sets containing an order of magnitude more features than analytes, and an inefficient use of resources during data analysis. Although software has been introduced to annotate spectral degeneracy, current approaches are unable to represent several important classes of peak relationships. These include heterodimers and higher complex adducts, distal fragments, relationships between peaks in different polarities, and complex adducts between features and background peaks. Here we outline sources of peak degeneracy in mass spectra that are not annotated by current approaches and introduce a software package called mz.unity to detect these relationships in accurate mass data. Using mz.unity, we find that data ...
The Impact of Pre-Emptive Autologous Blood Transfusion on Length of Stay Following Primary Total Hip Arthoplasty

Introduction Early rehabilitation and discharge following minimally-invasive total hip arthroplasty has potential risks including the possibility that patients may become progressively anemic at home. The current study assess the use of pre-emptive autologous blood transfusion on the length of stay, readmission, and allogenous transfusion. Methods Patients treated by primary total hip arthroplasty using the superior capsulotomy technique were studied. Patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 were patients who did donate autologous blood and received an intra-operative pre-emptive transfusion. There were 283 patients in Group 1. Group 2 were patients who were medically capable of donating autologous blood but did not for non-medical reasons. There were 71 patients in Group 2. Patients who did not donate autologous blood for medical reasons (preoperative Hgb less than 11.5, age over 80) were excluded. All patients received general anesthesia. Length of stay, allogenous transfusion and readmission were compared. Results The mean length of stay after surgery for the Group 1 patients who received autologous blood donation during primary THA was 1.56 days (SD 78 days, range 0–4). The mean length of stay for the Group 2 patients who did not donate or receive autologous blood during primary THA was 1.87 days (SD 84 days, range 1–4). Patients who received autologous blood donation had a significantly shorter post-surgical length of stay than patients who did not (p = .002, Mann-Whitney test). Patients who did not donate and preemptively receive autologous blood received significantly more allogenous blood (Mann-Whitney, p=.0004). Moreover 15% of those who auto-donated were given allogenic transfusions, while 37% of those who did not auto-donate were given allogeneic transfusions. One patient who did receive autologous transfusion and was discharged on day 2 sustained an NSAID induced GI-bleed 3 weeks postop and was admitted for transfusion and treatment. There were no other readmissions in either group. Conclusions Patients who receive pre-emptive autologous blood transfusion intra-operatively when treated specifically by total hip arthroplasty using the superior capsulotomy technique under general anesthesia have shorter hospital stays and lower allogenous transfusion rates than a matched cohort of patients that did not donate and receive autogenous blood.
Acute Kidney Injury: Prevention and Diagnosis

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an increasingly common problem afflicting all ages, the leading reason to seek in-patient nephrology consultation, and associated with serious consequences and unsatisfactory therapeutic options. The etiology of AKI varies widely according to age, geographical region, and clinical setting. Functional AKI induced by dehydration is usually reversible with early fluid therapy. However, the prognosis for patients with structural AKI in the setting of critical illness remains guarded. Recent clinical advances have highlighted the roles of fluid overload and continuous renal replacement therapies in human AKI. Additionally, newly discovered pathogenetic pathways are yielding novel early biomarkers for the prediction of AKI and its consequences, as well as innovative strategies for the pro-active treatment and prevention of AKI. A judicious combination of clinical judgment, established functional markers, novel structural markers, and technical advances in therapies holds the greatest promise for progress in human intrinsic AKI.
Time to chemotherapy in ovarian cancer: Compliance with ovarian cancer quality indicators at a National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Center.

Abstract Objective To assess compliance with, and outcomes related to, the Society of Gynecologic Oncology quality measure in ovarian cancer to administer chemotherapy within 42 days of cytoreductive surgery in patients with epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal cancer. Methods Institutional ovarian cancer database was evaluated for compliance with the quality measure to administer chemotherapy within 42 days of cytoreductive surgery. The influence of chemotherapy timing on the risk of death was evaluated, and factors related to the timing of chemotherapy after surgery was assessed. Results Of 668 patients with epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/peritoneal cancer who underwent surgical treatment for their disease (primary or interval), 635 met criteria for administration of adjuvant chemotherapy (with stages IA/IB, grade 2 or 3 disease; stage IC or more advanced stage disease). Compliance to administer chemotherapy within 42 days was 59.1%. The adjusted risk of death was not strongly associated with time to chemotherapy within 42 days (aHR: 0.80; 0.61, 1.05) and this did not differ by primary or interval debulking surgery. Conclusions In this prospectively maintained database, 59.1% of patients received chemotherapy within 42 days of surgery. The time to chemotherapy interval of within 42 days was not strongly associated with improved survival, particularly when age, stage of disease, insurance enrollment and surgical characteristics were taken into account. Further, the relationship between time to chemotherapy interval of within 42 days and survival did not vary by patients who received primary versus interval debulking surgery or had no residual disease.
Space and Desire on the (non)Farm: The Return of the Same in Disgrace and The Devil’s Chimney

This chapter offers an analysis of space, animals, and desire in J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace and Anne Landsman’s The Devil’s Chimney. It considers how characters adopt dominant subjectivities and spatial imaginaries informed by white nationalisms that affect how they relate to other people, the land, and animals. While noting the opportunities for transforming subjectivity that arise in both works through certain experiences of non-human desire, interactions with animals, and particular kinds of art, the chapter concludes that the protagonists ultimately fail to change and instead maintain violent, consumerist relations to others. Furthermore, it examines the potential of San knowledges and ways of relating as more sustainable modes of dwelling than colonial capitalist relations, and it considers animals’ resistance to such violence.
A taxonomy of benchmark tasks for robot manipulation

This paper presents a taxonomy of benchmark manipulation tasks for service robots. Our contributions are threefold: (1) A review of relevant literature regarding manipulation tests in the robotics domain and related fields, such as physical therapy, assistive technologies and prosthetics. (2) Guidelines to design useful testing protocols to evaluate manipulation performance. (3) A proposed general taxonomy of benchmark manipulation tasks and sample tests per each class.
Social network analysis of the influences of educational reforms on teachers’ practices and interactions

In this chapter we present social network analysis in the context of recent educational reforms concerning teachers’ instructional practices. Teachers are critical to the implementation of educational reforms, and teacher networks are important because teachers draw on local knowledge and conform to local norms as they implement new practices. We describe three social network approaches. First, we graphically represent network data to characterize the network structure through which information and knowledge about reforms might diffuse. Second, we use social influence models to express how teachers’ beliefs or behaviors are affected by others with whom they interact. Third, we use social selection models to express how teachers might select with whom to engage in interactions about reforms. We discuss the implications for scientific dialogue, and for informing educational policy studies and the practice of educational policy makers and school administrators.
Early outcomes of fluorescence angiography in the setting of endorectal mucosa advancement flaps.

Fistula-in-ano has a reported incidence of 31–34%. Besides fistulotomy, options for fistula repair are seton placement, endorectal advancement flap (ERAF), fibrin sealant, anal fistula plug and ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract. Despite having a reported success rate as high as 75–98%, ERAF is not without complications, including flap breakdown, recurrence and fecal incontinence. Traditionally, maintaining a broad base to preserve blood supply has been advocated to reduce flap failure. And the aim of the present study was to evaluate outcomes of adult patients who underwent ERAF for complex fistula-in-ano with the use of intraoperative fluorescence angiography (FA) at our institution between July 2014 and July 2016. We retrospectively reviewed consecutive cases of complex fistula-in-ano repair with ERAF and FA from a prospectively maintained dataset of adult patients with complex fistula-in-ano. Demographics, intraoperative data and 60-day outcomes were recorded and reviewed. Six patients [five males and one female with a mean age of 40 years (range 25–46 years)], with a total of seven fistulas, were identified. Six (85.7%) of these patients had undergone prior surgery for fistula-in-ano. No recurrences or complications of any type were noted at 2-week and 8-week follow-up. The majority of patients (71.4%) required flap revision based on intraoperative FA prior to flap fixation. FA is safe and offers real-time assessment of flap perfusion prior to and after fixation in anal fistula repair. The rate of flap ischemia may be underestimated, and therefore, to improve outcomes in ERAF, intraoperative FA should be included in the surgical armamentarium.
IBD: Antibodies to anti-TNF therapy--consequences for IBD management.

Anti-TNF agents are effective drugs available for IBD treatment. However, antibody formation against these drugs hampers clinical effectiveness and increases risk of drug reactions. Knowledge on antibody kinetics and antibody testing is of critical importance to make well-informed decisions about starting, continuing, discontinuing and restarting of anti-TNF agents.
Optimum UAV positioning for better coverage-connectivity tradeoff

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) plays prominent role in enhancing backhaul connectivity and providing extended coverage areas due to its mobility and flexible deployment. To realize these objectives simultaneously, we present a new framework for positioning the UAV to maximize the small-cells backhaul network connectivity characterized by its Fiedler value, the second smallest eigenvalue of the Laplacian matrix representing the network graph, while maintaining particular signal-to-noise ratio constraint for each individual user equipment. Moreover, we show that the localization problem can be approximated by a low complexity convex semi-definite programming optimization problem. Finally, our extensive simulations verify the approximation validity and demonstrate the potential gain of UAV deployment.
Boissons sucrées et obésité: aspects épidémiologiques et physiopathologiques

La consommation de boissons sucrees a fortement augmente durant les dernieres decennies, et de nombreux auteurs suggerent que cette augmentation soit la cause de l’epidemie d’obesite actuelle. Bien qu’une association positive entre consommation de boissons sucrees et surpoids ait ete demontree, il existe d’importantes variations en fonction des classes d’âge considerees: la plus forte association se trouve chez les adolescents, qui sont egalement les principaux consommateurs. En revanche, l’effet chez les enfants en bas âge et les personnes âgees semble attenue, du moins a court terme. Les boissons sucrees contiennent une quantite comparable de glucose et fructose, deux sucres simples qui constituent le disaccharide saccharose. A ce jour, la plupart des effets deleteres des boissons sucrees ont ete attribues au fructose, en raison de son metabolisme particulier. Ces divers effets comprennent la regulation de la prise alimentaire et du sentiment de satiete, une augmentation de depots de graisse viscerale, ainsi qu’une accumulation de lipides hepatiques et augmentation des triglycerides sanguins. Cependant, certaines etudes recentes demontrent que consomme de maniere hypercalorique, le glucose pourrait egalement jouer un role deletere sur ces differents aspects du metabolisme. Cette revue vise a caracteriser la consommation de boissons sucrees en France et aux Etats-Unis, les relations avec l’obesite en fonction des differentes classes d’âge, et finalement les mecanismes physiopathologiques impliques dans l’obesite et ses maladies associees.
Interactive voice response systems in the diagnosis and management of chronic disease.

Objective To assess the feasibility, reliability, validity, and potential clinical impact of interactive voice response (IVR) systems in the diagnosis and management of chronic disease. Study design Literature review. Results Interactive voice response assessment systems have been implemented in the treatment of patients with chronic health problems such as heart failure, diabetes, hypertension, and mental health disorders. The information patients report during IVR assessments is at least as reliable as information obtained via structured clinical interviews or medical record reviews. Patients often are more inclined to report health problems to an IVR system than directly to a clinician. The few outcome evaluations of IVR-supported chronic illness management services indicate that they can have moderate impacts on some health and health behavior outcomes. Conclusions Future research should evaluate the extent to which IVR assessment data can improve the prediction of clinical problems over and above what is possible using data usually available to primary care providers. Studies also should evaluate the outcomes of IVR-supported chronic disease management and the use of IVR assessments to measure variation in patient-centered treatment outcomes.
A Five-Year Evaluation of SMOS Level 2 Soil Moisture in the Corn Belt of the United States

We compare Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity Level 2 Soil Moisture (L2SM) retrievals to the five-year in situ soil moisture dataset available for the predominately agricultural South Fork Iowa River (SFIR) watershed in the U. S. Corn Belt. SMOS L2SM is 0.039 m $^3$ m $^{-3}$ drier than the SFIR network soil moisture and has an unbiased RMSE (ubRMSE) of 0.062 m $^3$ m $^{-3}$ for the period of April 2013 to November 2017 (excluding DJF). The bias is 11% of the range of in situ soil moisture. The largest monthly dry biases occur in April (0.052 m $^3$ m $^{-3}$ ), July (0.072 m $^3$ m $^{-3}$ ), and November (0.061 m $^3$ m $^{-3}$ ). Potential sources of the dry bias we discuss are: bias in auxiliary modeled temperatures; errors in soil texture maps; and nonrepresentative parameterizations of single scattering albedo and soil surface roughness. Auxiliary skin temperature was colder than expected and may explain why SMOS L2SM has a slightly drier bias for evening overpasses. Increasing the parameterized soil surface roughness produces wetter SMOS L2SM retrievals but also decreases the range of SMOS L2SM. Random error in auxiliary surface temperature, edge-of-field locations of in situ sensors, and differences in sensing volume between SMOS and in situ sensors contribute to the soil moisture ubRMSE. ubRMSE can be decreased by using a nonzero single scattering albedo more representative of a corn and soybean canopy at the cost of increasing the dry bias.
Bone and Soft Tissue

Acquiring competence in the gross examination of bone and soft tissue specimens can be challenging, particularly as these specimens are not common. Of the bone specimens that are received in the surgical pathology grossing suite, femoral head and knee arthroplasty specimens are among the most frequent. Such specimens are typically received during surgical procedures indicated for osteoarthritis. Other types of bone and soft tissue specimens seen include amputations, such as below-the-knee and above-the-knee amputations, often due to gangrene. Bone resections for neoplastic conditions are rare. In such cases, review of the pre-operative radiographic imaging is essential. Furthermore, in certain cases, tumor mapping may be required.
Learners’ Perceptions and Experiences of Two Chemistry MOOCs: Implications for Teaching and Design

ABSTRACTMost Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) research studies have focused on students’ demographics, surveys, and retention data, while little attention has been paid to the authentic voices of...
Acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy: a systematic review of the aetiology, timing, and reported adverse perinatal risks during pregnancy

We performed a comprehensive systematic review of acute pyelonephritis in pregnancy using PubMed, SCOPUS, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Ovid from inception to April 2018. About 7796 references were screened for inclusion, and 52 references from 1908 to 2017 were included. One hundred seven cases of acute pyelonephritis in pregnant women were reviewed. Gestational age at diagnosis was reported as 2 (2%), 43 (40%), and 51 (52%) during the first, second, and third trimesters, respectively. Maternal complications included sepsis (49%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (47%), anaemia (33%), acute kidney injury (10%), renal abscess (6%), and death (6%). 25 preterm deliveries (23%), 6 intrauterine foetal demises (6%), 4 spontaneous abortions (4%), and 8 neonatal intensive care unit admissions (7%) were reported. Microorganisms cultured included Escherichia coli (51%), Klebsiella (8%), Proteus (5%), Staphylococcus aureus (5%), Streptococcus (4%), and Enterococcus (3%). Early diagnosis and management led to fewer complications.Impact statementWhat is already known on this subject? Acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy can lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes and in this article, we highlight the most common outcomes previously reported. Previous studies have reported maternal adverse outcomes and only very few stressed on fetal/neonatal outcomes.What do the results of this study add? The results add that not only is maternal morbidity/mortality is increased, but also increases adverse outcomes for the fetus/neonate, such as preterm delivery and fetal/neonatal demise.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? The implications from this article serve to increase a medical providers knowledge on how to appropriately counsel pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis. In addition, future research can aim to understand why pregnant women are more prone to morbidity and mortality compared to nonpregnant women.
Decay spectroscopy of two-quasiparticle K isomers in Cm 246 , 248 via inelastic and transfer reactions

The decay of $K$ isomers in Cm ($Z$ = 96) isotopes has been studied using inelastic and transfer reactions. The half-life of a previously identified 2-quasiparticle (qp) ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={8}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ isomer in $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$ has been measured. A new 2-qp isomer is observed in $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$, its half-life measured and its decay scheme established. The reduced $K$ hindrances extracted for the decay transitions from the isomers in $^{246,248}\mathrm{Cm}$ indicate $K$ to be a robust quantum number and validate axial symmetry in these nuclei. The excitation energies of the 2-qp isomers in $^{246}\mathrm{Cm}$ ($N$ = 150) and $^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$ ($N$ = 152) support the persistence of a deformed subshell gap at $N$ = 152 in the $Z\ensuremath{\approx}100$ region down to $Z$ = 96 nuclei.
1160 TREATMENT OF NONKETOTIC HYPERGLYCINEMIA WITH DIAZEPAM, CHOLINE AND FOLIC ACID

Nonketotic hyperglycinemia (NKH) is a disorder of glycine metabolism characterized by severe mental retardation, seizures and early death. A female presented on the 3rd day of life with hypotonia, seizures and respiratory distress was treated with phenobarbital and Dilantin with poor response. At 8 months evaluation revealed a severely delayed, hypotonic female with random eye movements, lack of head control and no interaction with her surrounding. Repeated EEG's revealed a status epilepticus pattern Plasma glycine was 72.1 μmol/dl (normal 5.6-30.8), urine glycine was 2850 mg/Gm creatinine (normal 200-250) and CSF glycine 29.2 μmol/dl (normal 3.0-6.0). No organic aciduria was present. Treatment with diazepam as a glycine antagonist and choline with folic acid for one-carbon unit transfer was adopted. Diazepam 1.5 mg/Kg with 4 Gm of choline and 2 mg of folic acid were given daily. Adequate caloric intake with 1.5 Gm of protein/Kg/day was given with sodium benzoate 150 mg/Kg/day. Three months after treatment plasma and urine glycine remained elevated, 65.4 μmol/dl and 4590 mg/Gm creatinine, respectively; however, CSF glycine dropped markedly to 8 μmol/dl. The patient improved dramatically: has had no seizures, has become alert and aware of her environment, has been smiling and has been able to hold her head. Repeated EEG showed definite improvement with fewer discharges. This new method of treatment suggests that diazepam with choline resulted in better seizure control and improvement of tone and development in NKH.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: A cohort study.

Solid organ transplant recipients (SOTr) with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are expected to have poorer outcomes compared to nontransplant patients because of immunosuppression and comorbidities. The clinical characteristics of 47 SOTr (38 kidneys and 9 nonkidney organs) were compared to 100 consecutive hospitalized nontransplant controls. Twelve of 47 SOTr managed as outpatients were subsequently excluded from the outcome analyses to avoid potential selection bias. Chronic kidney disease (89% vs 57% P = .0007), diabetes (66% vs 33% P = .0007), and hypertension (94% vs 72% P = .006) were more common in the 35 hospitalized SOTr compared to controls. Diarrhea (54% vs 17%, P < .0001) was more frequent in SOTr. Primary composite outcome (escalation to intensive care unit, mechanical ventilation, or in-hospital all-cause mortality) was comparable between SOTr and controls (40% vs 48%, odds ratio [OR] 0.72 confidence interval [CI] [0.33-1.58] P = .42), despite more comorbidities in SOTr. Acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy occurred in 20% of SOTr compared to 4% of controls (OR 6 CI [1.64-22] P = .007). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that increasing age and clinical severity were associated with mortality. Transplant status itself was not associated with mortality.
Letter Regarding "Fatal Eosinophilic Myocarditis in a Healthy 17-Year-Old Male with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)".

Dear Editor,The novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was officially declared a pandemic by the World Health Organi...
Investigating the Relationships Between Mobility Behaviours and Indicators of Subjective Well‐Being Using Smartphone‐Based Experience Sampling and GPS Tracking

People interact with their physical environments every day by visiting different places and moving between them. Such mobility behaviours likely influence and are influenced by people's subjective ...
Strange but real: Common as well not so common presentations of sarcoidosis on FDG PET/CT: An educational exhibit.

2007 Introduction: Sarcoidosis is a chronic non-caseating granulomatous multisystemic disease with variable clinical and imaging features which may mimic many other conditions including malignancy. Late detection or misdiagnosis may lead to unfavorable outcomes. Recognition of features indicating sarcoidosis on FDG PET/CT is important to avoid misinterpretation and avoid unnecessary invasive management and enhance timely delivery of high-quality care. Objectives: Our aim is to present FDG PET/CT imaging findings in biopsy proven cases of sarcoidosis to elicit common imaging patterns as well as some rare imaging features of sarcoidosis. Imaging findings of cardiac sarcoidosis are also included for completeness. Methods: Images of patients that underwent FDG PET/CT scanning for oncological indications or cardiac PET/CT for cardiac sarcoidosis are presented. Patients charts were reviewed to confirm histologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Following deidentification, images from several cases are presented in this report for educational purpose. Conclusions: Sarcoidosis is a multiorgan disease with bizarre features. Recognition of the characteristic imaging pattern on FDG PET/CT is essential for appropriate scan interpretation and will facilitate timely diagnosis and subsequent management of this complex condition.
Mating marks on museum specimens reveal breeding patterns in species of Pterostichus Bonelli (Carabidae, Pterostichini)

We found distinct and consistently placed, species- and sex-specific abrasions of the cuticle on museum specimens of 14 species of the Pterostichus Bonelli, 1810 (Carabidae, Pterostichini) subgenusHypherpes Chaudoir, 1838. We deduced that these marks are generated during mating and, therefore, can be used to distinguish between preserved specimens of beetles that had previously mated at the time of capture and those that had not mated. In addition to describing and detailing the occurrence of the marks and providing evidence that they are the result of mating, we demonstrate their utility for inferring life history using a museum voucher collection. By scoring these indications of mating from pinned specimens, we describe life cycle patterns in two similar, relatively closely related and sympatric species of the subgenus Hypherpes, P.vicinus Mannerheim, 1843 and P.californicus (Dejean, 1828). Both were sampled during a pitfall trap study in Contra Costa, California, USA from 2014-2019 and deposited in the Essig Museum of Entomology, UC Berkeley. Both species had very low adult activity through the drought and end of drought period prior to the spring of 2017 and are significantly more abundant in the post-drought period. Based on mating marks, both species responded to accumulated precipitation ending the drought by the emergence of an active, mostly unmated cohort of adults. The spring activity peak, following the end of the drought, was dominated by unmarked and presumably unmated beetles, but samples from subsequent springs included a nearly equal mix of beetles showing mating marks and apparently unmated beetles. The beetle activity appears to correspond more with the accumulated rainfall of the preceding rainy season than with the rains of the sample year. Beetles sampled in autumn and winter (rainy season) predominantly show mating marks. The occurrence throughout the year of beetles that are marked as having mated is consistent with iteroparous beetles with a lifespan of more than one year and also consistent with dynamic phenotypic polyvariance in which the adult activity period is synchronised by adjusting development time. The dominant pattern fits with a life cycle that is typically annual univoltine, or possibly biennial semivoltine in dry years, rainy season breeding (autumn-winter) iteroparous, with adult summer aestivation and possibly facultative larval hibernation. However, unmarked and so apparently unmated individuals and teneral adults were captured during peak activity periods regardless of the season, suggesting that either the beetles diapause as teneral adults that then complete development and become active at various points during the year and/or there are multiple periods of breeding and oviposition each year in at least some portion of the population.
A Human Trafficking Educational Program and Point-of-Care Reference Tool for Pediatric Residents

Introduction Trafficked youth experience complex health issues such as substance abuse, severe physical trauma, and sexual health problems, with many entering trafficking between 15 and 17 years old. There is increasing awareness of the need to educate pediatric health care providers on identifying and aiding trafficked children; however, critical gaps in the literature exist regarding educational sessions specific to the human trafficking of pediatric patients. Our objective was to implement and evaluate a survivor-informed educational session for pediatric resident physicians to improve identification of and assistance to trafficked youth in the clinical setting. Methods We designed an educational session on human trafficking, which included a 60-minute interactive didactic presentation and distribution of a point-of-care reference tool, in collaboration with a survivor of human trafficking, for 59 pediatric trainees in 2019. We utilized pre/post knowledge assessments. Data analysis included descriptive statistics and Fisher exact analysis. Results Of 99 total eligible residents, 59 (59%) participated. Statistically significant increases in correct identification of hypothetical trafficked youth and next steps for intervention were observed. Over 80% of participants reported comfort with defining, recognizing, referring to, and understanding health consequences of human trafficking on the postassessment, compared to 25% on the preassessment (p Discussion Our educational session resulted in statistically significant increased comfort in identification of human trafficking victims and can be replicated at other institutions. The point-of-care reference tool-which can be adapted for use in different settings-can guide pediatric residents in managing suspected trafficked youth in the clinical setting.
Evaluation of possible transplacental infection with rubella vaccination during pregnancy

Abstract In a previous report, Cendehill strain attenuated rebella virus failed to demonstrate transplacental passage as judged by infection of placental or fetal tissue. This study was continued in seronegative patients undergoing abortion. In 3 cases, rubella virus was cultured in the products of conception obtained by dilatation and evacuation. An attempt was made to verify that the virus recovered was vaccine virus by inoculation into New Zealand white rabbits. These findings are presented along with a possible hypothesis.
Crystal Field Effects in CeIrIn 5

In this work, we study crystalline electric field effects in the heavy fermion superconductor CeIrIn5. We observe two regions of broad magnetic response in the inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectra at 10 K. The first corresponds to the transition between the Γ7 groundstate doublet and the first excited state doublet at 4 meV interwoven with a broad quasielastic contribution. The second region corresponds to the transition between the ground state and the second excited state doublet at 28 meV. The large Lorentzian half-widths of the peaks (∼10 meV) calls into question calculations for the specific heat and magnetic susceptibility that assume sharp crystal field (CF) levels. Consequently, we have calculated the INS spectra and magnetic susceptibility using the Anderson impurity model within the non-crossing approximation including the effects of CF level splitting.
Sperm dysfunction in the Rb(6.16)- and Rb(6.15)-bearing mice revisited: involvement of Hyalp1 and Hyal5.

Earlier we showed that Sperm adhesion molecule1 (Spam1), the best studied sperm hyaluronidase, is involved in the sperm dysfunction associated with Robertsonian translocations (Rb). The dysfunction results in reduced fertility in mice homozygous for the Rb(6.16) or the Rb(6.15) translocation and transmission ratio distortion (TRD) in heterozygous males. This conclusion was based on the finding that Spam1 in the Rbs harbors multiple point mutations and a genomic alteration at the locus [in the case of Rb(6.16)]; and is accompanied by reduced steady-state levels of the RNA and protein. Here we show that closely linked family members in the hyaluronidase gene cluster on mouse chromosome 6, Hyalp1 and Hyal5, also harbor point mutations in these Rbs, leading to nonconservative substitutions in both the encoded proteins. To test if Spam1 by itself is capable of producing TRD we analyzed the transmission of wild-type and null alleles of the gene in the progeny of carriers and show that there is no significant TRD. This lack of TRD in null carriers argues for only a contributory role of Spam1 in the TRD seen in the Rb-bearing mice, and supports the involvement of Hyalp1 and/or Hyal5 in the sperm dysfunction and the resulting TRD. It is proposed that the clustering of point mutations in all three genes results from the cumulative effect of spontaneous mutations that do not disperse in the population due to suppression of recombination that occurs at Rb junctions. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
1-(π-Cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl)propyne

Abstract Reaction of sodium π-cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl with 3-bromopropyne yields 3-(π-cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl)propyne; the latter compound undergoes facile acid catalyzed isomerization to give 1-(π-cyclopentadienyliron dicarbonyl)propyne. Various nucleophiles, e.g. , acetate and water, react with the intermediate complex presumably involved in the rearrangement process.
Modulation of hydrogen peroxide production in cellular systems by low level magnetic fields.

Increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and an altered redox status have long been observed in cancer cells, suggesting that ROS might be involved in the development of these cells. However, recent studies suggest that inducing an excess of ROS in cancer cells can be exploited for therapeutic benefits. Cancer cells in advanced stage tumors frequently exhibit multiple genetic alterations and high oxidative stress, suggesting that it might be possible to preferentially modulate the development of these cells by controlling their ROS production. Low levels of ROS are also important for the development and survival of normal cells. In this manuscript, we present data on the influence of the suppression of the Earth's magnetic field (low level magnetic fields or LLF) which magnitudes range from 0.2 µT to 2 µT on the modulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in human fibrosarcoma cancer cell line HT1080, pancreatic AsPC-1 cancer cell line, and bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC) exposed to geomagnetic field (control; 45 µT–60 µT). Reduction of the Earth's magnetic field suppressed H2O2 production in cancer cells and PAEC. The addition of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic MnTBAP inhibited the magnetic field effect. Modulating ROS production by magnetic fields may open new venues of biomedical research and therapeutic strategies.
Acute sixth nerve palsy in vitamin A treatment of xerophthalmia.

Editor,—Vitamin A deficiency remains a leading cause of blindness worldwide with xerophthalmia affecting 5–10 million children, resulting in 250 000–500 000 new cases of blindness each year. In the developed world, vitamin A deficiency is rare and usually occurs in the setting of malabsorptive states (such as cystic fibrosis and small bowel disease), liver disease, or malnutrition. Xerophthalmia is a medical emergency carrying a high risk of blindness, infection and death. Immediate administration of massive doses of vitamin A is required. Such rapid restoration of vitamin status is felt to be extremely safe at recommended doses. Appropriate dosing regimens in infants have been less clear than in older children and adults.1 Reports of side effects are limited, and therefore we report a case of acute sixth nerve palsy in an infant receiving intramuscular vitamin A for xerophthalmia secondary to cystic fibrosis. ### CASE REPORT A 5 month old male infant with a …
A Multi-Agent Based Approach for Particle Swarm Optimization

We propose a new approach towards particle swarm optimization named agent-based PSO. The swarm is elevated to the status of a multi-agent system by giving the particles more autonomy, an asynchronous execution, and superior learning capabilities. The problem space is modeled as an environment which forms clusters of points that are known to be non-optimal and this transforms the environment into a more dynamic and informative resource
Augmented oxygen-mediated transcriptional activation of cytochrome P450 (CYP)1A expression and increased susceptibilities to hyperoxic lung injury in transgenic mice carrying the human CYP1A1 or mouse 1A2 promoter in vivo.

Abstract Supplemental oxygen administration is frequently administered to pre-term and term infants having pulmonary insufficiency. However, hyperoxia contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants. Cytochrome P450 (CYP)A enzymes have been implicated in hyperoxic lung injury. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that hyperoxia induces CYP1A1 and 1A2 enzymes by transcriptional activation of the corresponding promoters in vivo , and transgenic mice expressing the human CYP1A1 or the mouse 1A2 promoter would be more susceptible to hyperoxic lung injury than wild type (WT) mice. Adult WT (CD-1) (12 week-old) mice, transgenic mice carrying a 10 kb human CYP1A1 promoter and the luciferase (luc) reporter gene (CYP1A1-luc), or mice expressing the mouse CYP1A2 promoter (CYP1A2-luc) were maintained in room air or exposed to hyperoxia for 24–72 h. Hyperoxia exposure of CYP1A1-luc mice for 24 and 48 h resulted in 2.5- and 1.25-fold increases, respectively, in signal intensities, compared to room air controls. By 72 h, the induction had declined to control levels. CYP1A2-luc mice also showed enhanced luc expression after 24–48 h, albeit to a lesser extent than those expressing the CYP1A1 promoter. Also, these mice showed decreased levels of endogenous CYP1A1 and 1A2 expression after prolonged hyperoxia, and were also more susceptible to lung injury than similarly exposed WT mice, with CYP1A2-luc mice showing the greatest injury. Our results support the hypothesis that hyperoxia induces CYP1A enzymes by transcriptional activation of its corresponding promoters, and that decreased endogenous expression of these enzymes contribute to the increased susceptibilities to hyperoxic lung injury in the transgenic animals. In summary, this is the first report providing direct evidence of hyperoxia-mediated induction of CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 expression in vivo by mechanisms entailing transcriptional activation of the corresponding promoters, a phenomenon that has implications for hyperoxic lung injury, as well as other pathologies caused by oxidative stress.
An Experimental Investigation of Low Octane Gasoline in Diesel Engines

Conventional combustion techniques struggle to meet the current emissions norms. In particular, oxides of nitrogen (NO{sub x}) and particulate matter (PM) emissions have limited the utilization of diesel fuel in compression ignition engines. Advance combustion concepts have proved the potential to combine fuel efficiency and improved emission performance. Low-temperature combustion (LTC) offers reduced NO{sub x} and PM emissions with comparable modern diesel engine efficiencies. The ability of premixed, low-temperature compression ignition to deliver low PM and NO{sub x} emissions is dependent on achieving optimal combustion phasing. Diesel operated LTC is limited by early knocking combustion, whereas conventional gasoline operated LTC is limited by misfiring. So the concept of using an unconventional fuel with the properties in between those two boundary fuels has been experimented in this paper. Low-octane (84 RON) gasoline has shown comparable diesel efficiencies with the lowest NO{sub x} emissions at reasonable high power densities (NO{sub x} emission was 1 g/kW h at 12 bar BMEP and 2750 rpm).
An accurate and reliable method for automatic picking of HIV/SIV spikes

The HIV/SIV envelope spikes initiate infection in the host cells and hence understanding their structure is one of the primary focus areas of modern research in structural biology. The structures of the native envelope spikes are still unknown. A mutant form of SIV virions has 80 to 90 envelope spikes per virion; HIV virions possess only 8–9 spikes. Thus, any electron tomographic study of the spike structure becomes very tedious if spikes are selected by hand for further processing. Consequently automating the process of spike selection is very important for determining the spike structure in situ. To this end, we have developed a nearly automated procedure for spike selection based on a “segmentation by classification” philosophy.
Effects of increased stroke number on sequential arm movements in Parkinson's disease subjects.

Abstract To examine whether multiple-component movements performed by Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients are impaired differentially depending on the number of strokes, 10 PD patients and 10 age-matched control subjects performed sequential arm movements with one, two or three strokes on a digitizer. The patients were slower than the controls in executing the movement sequences and showed prolonged delays between strokes. These slowing characteristics were accentuated as stroke number increased from two to three. These results suggest that PD patients have a reduced capacity to process information rapidly, thereby limiting their ability to perform complex movements.
Conditional Simulation with Patterns

An entirely new approach to stochastic simulation is proposed through the direct simulation of patterns. Unlike pixel-based (single grid cells) or object-based stochastic simulation, pattern-based simulation simulates by pasting patterns directly onto the simulation grid. A pattern is a multi-pixel configuration identifying a meaningful entity (a puzzle piece) of the underlying spatial continuity. The methodology relies on the use of a training image from which the pattern set (database) is extracted. The use of training images is not new. The concept of a training image is extensively used in simulating Markov random fields or for sequentially simulating structures using multiple-point statistics. Both these approaches rely on extracting statistics from the training image, then reproducing these statistics in multiple stochastic realizations, at the same time conditioning to any available data. The proposed approach does not rely, explicitly, on either a statistical or probabilistic methodology. Instead, a sequential simulation method is proposed that borrows heavily from the pattern recognition literature and simulates by pasting at each visited location along a random path a pattern that is compatible with the available local data and any previously simulated patterns. This paper discusses the various implementation details to accomplish this idea. Several 2D illustrative as well as realistic and complex 3D examples are presented to showcase the versatility of the proposed algorithm.