cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Case for Professionally Edited Law Reviews

Law reviews are too important to legal education and the profession to be left in the hands of law students. The essay denominates the values and benefits of law reviews to law schools and the profession. It reviews the classic complaints including footnoteitis, ignorance in the selection of articles, poor editorial training, poor editing, no institutional memory, non-descript editorial personality, and tardy publication. The essay next details several attractive alternatives: faculty-edited journals, seminars that train law review editors, and radical modifications to the student-edited model. The author proposes that faculty advisors be active in the selection of members, direct timely publication, professionalize review management, and assist in selection and editing. This proposal offers educational benefits that eclipse the current model. Yet it retains much of the independence and values of well-run student journals. Professionally-edited reviews promise to be of greater value to the academy and the profession.
Effects of Spent Mushroom Compost (SMC) as an Ingredient in Phase I Compost on Production of Agaricus bisporus

ABSTRACTExperiments were performed to determine the effect of using 20% spent mushroom compost (SMC) as an ingredient in phase I compost on mushroom yield. Yields from compost prepared with two 20% SMC formulations (80Ctl, 80LC) were compared to a standard control (Ctl) containing no SMC. The 80LC compost was formulated with a higher level of lignocellulose raw materials, including corn stover, corncobs, cottonseed hulls, and wheat straw. The 80Ctl compost contained 20% SMC plus the same raw materials used to prepare Ctl compost. Yields of 80LC matched or exceeded yields of the Ctl compost in all three crops while yields of 80Ctl were significantly lower. As an additional factor, lignocellulose supplements were added at spawning and were a significant factor in increasing mushroom yields, although not superior to a standard commercial supplement applied at 3.7% (dry compost weight). Compost bulk density was significantly higher (19–20%) in compost formulations containing 20% SMC compared to the non-SMC Ct...
Adlerian Parent Consultation

(2011). Adlerian Parent Consultation. International Journal of Group Psychotherapy: Vol. 61, No. 3, pp. 489-493.
Effects of environmental and agronomic factors on soil-dwelling pest communities in cereal crops

Abstract Characterizing the composition of pest communities across variable cropping landscapes is critical for developing integrated management programs due to variation across species in their ecology and impacts on crops. Wireworms, the soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles, have resurged as major pests of cereal crops in the Pacific Northwestern United States, but knowledge of the composition of wireworm communities across cereal-growing landscapes remains limited. Here, we conducted a large-scale field survey of wireworms across a broad region in the Pacific Northwest. We identified a total of 13 wireworm species across samples taken from 160 fields in Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. The most common species were Limonius infuscatus, L. californicus, and Selatosomus pruininus, which together represented approximately 90% of collected larvae. Wireworm communities were more abundant and diverse in spring wheat and conservation reserve program compared with winter wheat fields. Interestingly, L. californicus was the only species that was more abundant in cultivated wheat crops than in native grass fields, suggesting that this species persists in crop habitats throughout its life cycle and thus might exert stronger impacts on winter crops compared to other species. Our results indicate that Limonius species are distributed mostly in the intermediate and higher precipitation zones or in irrigated fields, while S. pruininus is confined to drier regions. As the dominant wireworm species, the diversity of wireworm communities, and total wireworm abundance varied across crops, landscapes, and climatic regions, management practices should vary across regions for maximum effectiveness.
Surveillance on the Prevalence of Salmonella in Broiler Raise and Slaughter Processing in Henan Province.

Objective To further understand the prevalence of Salmonella in broiler cultivation and slaughter processing in Henan Province to provide basic data for risk assessment of food safety. Methods Broiler farms and slaughter houses that broiler product sales volumes beyond sixty percent in Henan market were selected for sampling. Anal swabs of grown broilers during raise and carcasses in slaughter processing were sampled for qualitative or/and quantitative Salmonella detection from June to October in 2010,according to the methods described in the National Standards of the People's Republic of China(GB/T 4789.4-2010). Results The detection rates of Salmonella in 194 broilers anal swabs and 186 carcasses were 6.2 % and 24.2 %, respectively. Salmonella was most prevalent in July and August in anal swabs, and in June and August in carcasses. The three most prevalent Salmonella serotypes in two kinds of samples were all same, which were Salmonella Indiana, S. Enteritidis and S. hardar, respectively. The contamination rate in 91.1 % of broils carcasses was below 10 MPN/g, and invA gene was detected in all Salmonella isolates. Serious multi-drug resistance was found in Salmonella isolates recovered from broilers carcasses and alive broilers anal swabs, and the isolates recovered in anal swabs were more resistant to antimicrobials than that from carcasses. ConclusionS Salmonella in broils were determined from the prevalence status of raise environment and alive animals, the slaughter processing enlarged Salmonella transmission and made the contamination more complication. Although the prevalence level of Salmonella in slaughtered broilers carcasses was low, however, it is do a potential hazard to food safety. Furthermore, the Salmonella isolates were resistant to antimicrobial reminded surveillance measures should be strengthened by our government and antimicrobials should be used reasonably by animals raise farms.
The incidence of varicoceles in the general population when evaluated by physical examination, gray scale sonography and color Doppler sonography.

AbstractThe association between male subfertility and varicocele has long been recognized. Physical examination is the most widely used method for detecting varicoceles but other techniques may be more sensitive. Color Doppler sonography has the theoretical advantage of allowing direct demonstration of reversed flow in the testicular veins. The frequency of detection of reversed flow by color Doppler ultrasound in a normal population is, however, unknown. We evaluated 34 asymptomatic young men with physical examination, standard scrotal sonography and color Doppler evaluation of the scrotal veins. Findings were correlated with semen analysis. Of the subjects 15% had varicoceles by physical examination and 18% by scrotal sonography, while 35% had retrograde flow by color Doppler evaluation. The majority of men in this population did not exhibit retrograde flow within the gonadal veins when evaluated by color Doppler sonography. The physiological significance of retrograde flow, however, remains to be defined.
Toward a Phenomenological Understanding of Visual Communication

AbstractPhenomenology understands communication as a dyadic encounter and considers language theprimary medium of this meaning-making experience. Considerationsfor visual communication theory include extending the idea of dialogue to a pictorially mediated encounter between makers and beholders not present to each other as well as recognizing the role of pictorial codes in describing the meaning making practices of production (encoding) and interpretation (decoding). Examples of encoding studies illustrate how creators and receivers are available to each other through the discursive pictorial structure of a mediated text. Our reliance on a linguistic code to apprehend this pictorially coded semiotic activity remains a challenge.
A state estimation method for wireless structural control systems

Summary Structural control systems based on wireless sensors offer a convenient, flexible and cost-effective alternative to their wired counterparts. Although wireless control systems (WCSs) have several attractive features, some challenges do remain related to the persistent presence of network-induced time delays, and potential for sensor data losses and in extreme cases, sensor failures. The consequences of these challenges should be investigated, and solutions should be developed to achieve highly effective and robust control systems. The availability of such solutions will also encourage the adoption of WCSs in real structures. Here, an estimator switching method intended to minimize the influence of potential faults is developed and validated for WCSs. In this method, the switching gains are pre-calculated to enable real-time implementation. The proposed method is verified through numerical simulations of a seismically excited, three-story structure considering various sensor data loss and sensor failure scenarios. The robustness of this estimation method in the presence of measurement noise and modeling uncertainty is also investigated. In addition, the estimation switching method is incorporated into a closed-loop WCS in experiment. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed state estimation method in mitigating the impact of sensor data loss and sensor failure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Shaped versus Round Implants in Breast Reconstruction: A Multi-Institutional Comparison of Surgical and Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background Since the 2012 approval of shaped implants, their use in breast reconstruction has increased in the United States. However, large-scale comparisons of complications and patient-reported outcomes are lacking. The authors endeavored to compare surgical and patient-reported outcomes across implant types. Methods The Mastectomy Reconstruction Outcomes Consortium database was queried for expander/implant reconstructions with at least 1-year postexchange follow-up (mean, 18.5 months). Outcomes of interest included postoperative complications, 1-year revisions, and patient-reported outcomes. Bivariate and mixed-effects regression analyses evaluated the effect of implant type on patient outcomes. Results Overall, 822 patients (73.5 percent) received round and 297 patients (26.5 percent) received shaped implants. Patients undergoing unilateral reconstructions with round implants underwent more contralateral symmetry procedures, including augmentations (round, 18.7 percent; shaped, 6.8 percent; p = 0.003) and reductions (round, 32.2 percent; shaped, 20.5 percent; p = 0.019). Shaped implants were associated with higher rates of infection (shaped, 6.1 percent; round, 2.3 percent; p = 0.002), that remained significant after multivariable adjustment. Other complication rates did not differ significantly between cohorts. Round and shaped implants experienced similar 2-year patient-reported outcome scores. Conclusions This prospective, multicenter study is the largest evaluating outcomes of shaped versus round implants in breast reconstruction. Although recipients of round implants demonstrated lower infection rates compared with shaped implants, these patients were more likely to undergo contralateral symmetry procedures. Both implant types yielded comparable patient-reported outcome scores. With appropriate patient selection, both shaped and round implants can provide acceptable outcomes in breast reconstruction. Clinical question/level of evidence Therapeutic, III.
EBT Payment for Online Grocery Orders: a Mixed-Methods Study to Understand Its Uptake among SNAP Recipients and the Barriers to and Motivators for Its Use.

Abstract Objective To examine Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) recipients' use of the first online supermarket accepting Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) payment. Methods In this mixed-methods study, the authors collected EBT purchase data from an online grocer and attempted a randomized controlled trial in the South Bronx, New York City, followed by focus groups with SNAP beneficiaries aged ≥18 years. Participants were randomized to shop at their usual grocery store or an online supermarket for 3 months. Focus groups explored barriers and motivators to online EBT redemption. Results Few participants made online purchases, even when incentivized in the randomized controlled trial. Qualitative findings highlighted a lack of perceived control over the online food selection process as a key barrier to purchasing food online. Motivators included fast, free shipping and discounts. Conclusions and Implications Electronic Benefit Transfer for online grocery purchases has the potential to increase food access among SNAP beneficiaries, but challenges exist to this new food buying option. Understanding online food shopping barriers and motivators is critical to the success of policies targeting the online expansion of SNAP benefits.
Beispiele innovativer Digitalisierungs-Projekte

In der Industrie besteht eine grose Unsicherheit, wie das Thema Digitalisierung anzugehen ist. Die vorangegangenen Kapitel haben dazu die Grundlagen gelegt und das Thema strukturiert. Zur Motivation und Veranschaulichung zeigt dieses Kapitel fur die in Kap. 6 entwickelten Tragsaulen der Digitalisierung innovative und erfolgreiche Praxisbeispiele nicht nur aus der Automobilindustrie. Der Minibus „Olli“ ist ein Beispiel fur Crowdsourcing, 3D-Druck und kognitive Losungen als Basis fur autonomes Fahren. Vorbeugende Wartung, Transparenz in der Zulieferkette und eLearning am Montageplatz sind Losungen aus dem Bereich Industrie 4.0 und lernende Konfiguratoren und Fahrzeugverkauf uber das Internet verandern die Kundenerfahrung im Vertrieb. Weiterhin wird ein Beispiel erlautert, zusatzlichen Umsatz durch Vermarktung von Daten und durch die Vermittlung von Serviceleistungen an Fahrer zu generieren.
Autonomic dysreflexia caused by cervical stenosis.

Autonomic dysreflexia (AD) is a well-known sequela of high spinal cord injuries (SCI). The characteristic episodic presentation is one of increased sympathetic tone: diaphoresis, hypertension, tachycardia, or reflex bradycardia. The episodes are triggered by visceral sensations and can last days to weeks. This report presents the case of a 73-year-old male with cervical stenosis, with a longstanding history of “hot flashes” accompanied by dizziness, flushing and diaphoresis, and palpitations. The patient was evaluated extensively by cardiology, endocrinology, and neurology with no treatable pathology determined aside from the patient’s cervical stenosis. The patient was diagnosed with autonomic dysreflexia caused by cervical spinal stenosis and underwent anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) at the stenotic C5-C6 level. He found near complete resolution of his autonomic symptoms. We hypothesize that the cervical compression caused a disruption in the regulatory control of the sympathetic preganglionic neurons resulting in the autonomic symptoms. Although numerous studies exist of patients with a traumatic onset of AD, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in the literature of autonomic symptoms that stemmed from cervical stenosis. The purpose of this case report is to alert clinicians to a potential association between AD and spinal stenosis, which may exist outside the realm of SCI.
Effect of Chain Flexibility and Interlayer Interactions on the Local Dynamics of Layered Polymer Systems

Layered polymeric systems are widely used in membrane separation applications; chain mobility in these layered systems is a key consideration in the design of the membranes. The transport properties of membrane polymers can be significantly altered by the perturbations in chain dynamics induced by the presence of an interface and also by the topological properties of the polymers constituting the layered systems. In this work, we use molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to determine the effects of polymer backbone flexibility and interlayer interactions on the glass transition and chain dynamics of polymer layers in the layered systems. We observed that the onset of glass transition of the entire layered system is governed by the stiffer polymer layer and is independent of the type of interactions between the layers. However, the interlayer interactions govern the strength of the glass transition of the entire layered system. Polymer mobility, on the other hand, exhibits a strong dependence on both the cha...
Knockout of Pannexin-1 Induces Hearing Loss

Mutations of gap junction connexin genes induce a high incidence of nonsyndromic hearing loss. Pannexin genes also encode gap junctional proteins in vertebrates. Recent studies demonstrated that Pannexin-1 (Panx1) deficiency in mice and mutation in humans are also associated with hearing loss. So far, several Panx1 knockout (KO) mouse lines were established. In general, these Panx1 KO mouse lines demonstrate consistent phenotypes in most aspects, including hearing loss. However, a recent study reported that a Panx1 KO mouse line, which was created by Genentech Inc., had no hearing loss as measured by the auditory brainstem response (ABR) threshold at low-frequency range (<24 kHz). Here, we used multiple auditory function tests and re-examined hearing function in the Genentech Panx1 (Gen-Panx1) KO mouse. We found that ABR thresholds in the Gen-Panx1 KO mouse were significantly increased, in particular, in the high-frequency region. Moreover, consistent with the increase in ABR threshold, distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and cochlear microphonics (CM), which reflect active cochlear amplification and auditory receptor current, respectively, were significantly reduced. These data demonstrated that the Gen-Panx1 KO mouse has hearing loss and further confirmed that Panx1 deficiency can cause deafness.
Developmental pathways hijacked by osteosarcoma

Cancer of any type often can be described by an arrest, alteration or disruption in the normal development of a tissue or organ, and understanding of the normal counterpart’s development can aid in understanding the malignant state. This is certainly true for osteosarcoma and the normal developmental pathways that guide osteoblast development that are changed in the genesis of osteogenic sarcoma. A carefully regulated crescendo–decrescendo expression of RUNX2 accompanies the transition from mesenchymal stem cell to immature osteoblast to mature osteoblast. This pivotal role is controlled by several pathways, including bone morphogenic protein (BMP), Wnt/β-catenin, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and protein kinase C (PKC). The HIPPO pathway and its downstream target YAP help to regulate proliferation of immature osteoblasts and their maturation into non-proliferating mature osteoblasts. This pathway also helps regulate expression of the mature osteoblast protein osteocalcin. YAP also regulates expression of MT1-MMP, a membrane-bound matrix metalloprotease responsible for remodeling the extracellular matrix surrounding the osteoblasts. YAP, in turn, can be regulated by the ERBB family protein Her-4. Osteosarcoma may be thought of as a cell held at the immature osteoblast stage, retaining some of the characteristics of that developmental stage. Disruptions of several of these pathways have been described in osteosarcoma, including BMP, Wnt/b-catenin, RUNX2, HIPPO/YAP, and Her-4. Further, PKC can be activated by several receptor tyrosine kinases implicated in osteosarcoma, including the ERBB family (EGFR, Her-2 and Her-4 in osteosarcoma), IGF1R, FGF, and others. Understanding these functions may aid in the understanding the mechanisms underpinning clinical observations in osteosarcoma, including both the lytic and blastic phenotypes of tumors, the invasiveness of the disease, and the tendency for treated tumors to ossify rather than shrink. Through a better understanding of the relationship between normal osteoblast development and osteosarcoma, we may gain insights into novel therapeutic avenues and improved outcomes.
LEED certification and market value of the firm

This article extends signalling theory to research on voluntary green standards adoption and investigates the firm's value in green buildings. The study analyses the market valuation of investments in sustainable buildings, measuring the market reaction to three different types of leadership in energy and environmental design (LEED) announcements: 1) intent for application; 2) achievement of certification; 3) reinforcement of certification. The study hypothesises the market will react differently to intent, achievement and reinforcement signals. Empirical evidence shows a positive market reaction to LEED announcements in general, with positive but not statistically significant market reaction to the intent signals, and positive and statistically significant reaction to the achievement and reinforcement signals. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
Becoming ‘enchanted’ in agro-food spaces: engaging relational frameworks and photo elicitation with farm tour experiences

Ecofeminists maintain that seemingly diverse and naturalized socio-ecological issues are in fact rooted within a particular cultural framework that perpetuates inequality and severs relationships a...
Efficient Exploration of Membrane-Associated Phenomena at Atomic Resolution

Biological membranes constitute a critical component in all living cells. In addition to providing a conducive environment to a wide range of cellular processes, including transport and signaling, mounting evidence has established active participation of specific lipids in modulating membrane protein function through various mechanisms. Understanding lipid–protein interactions underlying these mechanisms at a sufficiently high resolution has proven extremely challenging, partly due to the semi-fluid nature of the membrane. In order to address this challenge computationally, multiple methods have been developed, including an alternative membrane representation termed highly mobile membrane mimetic (HMMM) in which lateral lipid diffusion has been significantly enhanced without compromising atomic details. The model allows for efficient sampling of lipid–protein interactions at atomic resolution, thereby significantly enhancing the effectiveness of molecular dynamics simulations in capturing membrane-associated phenomena. In this review, after providing an overview of HMMM model development, we will describe briefly successful application of the model to study a variety of membrane processes, including lipid-dependent binding and insertion of peripheral proteins, the mechanism of phospholipid insertion into lipid bilayers, and characterization of optimal tilt angle of transmembrane helices. We conclude with practical recommendations for proper usage of the model in simulation studies of membrane processes.
A Posthuman Approach to Agency, Disability, and Technology in Social Interactions

This study explores how agency is distributed in an interaction among a child, a speech-language pathologist, and an electronic communication device. Using video-recorded data of the interaction, I...
Does Probability Weighting Drive Skewness Preferences

We propose a test of Barberis and Huang’s (2008) theory of skewness preferences. The probability weighting feature that is the basis of their theory relies on investors overweighting the probability of tail events. The resulting investor preferences for positive skewness in return distributions will lead to excess demand, contemporaneous price premiums, and negative expected returns. We use the well-documented 52-week high bias as a method to truncate the probability of expected right-tail events. We find evidence supporting the Barberis and Huang theory as the negative return premia associated with positive skewness are driven almost entirely by stocks that are farther away from the their 52-week high .
Response to letter, 'Music therapy as sole anxiolytic may not replace standard pharmaceutical agents, but it is definitely contributory' by Dr Bhakta and Dr Harmon.

Dear Dr Bhakta and Dr Harmon: We thank you both for taking the time to read our article, ‘Music versus midazolam during preoperative nerve block placements: a prospective randomized controlled study’ which was recently published in the journal, Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine in June 2019.[
Integration of Latin American Complementary and Alternative Medicine Topics Into a Doctor of Pharmacy Curriculum and Survey of Student Attitudes and Behaviors.

One in 3 adults report using complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) and as many as 7 in 10 Hispanic patients report CAM use. Pharmacists often encounter patients who use CAM products and therefore college of pharmacy curricular standards require both CAM and cultural competence training; however, there is little guidance for colleges on how to best deliver this material. In Fall 2017, Larkin University College of Pharmacy implemented a curricular change wherein first professional (P1) year pharmacy students selected, researched, and presented on a CAM product from Latin America. Pre-post surveys were administered to the students to measure their attitudes and behaviors toward CAM before and after completing their project. Survey results showed that student attitudes and behaviors toward CAM were largely unchanged; however, post-survey results showed that students agreed that they knew where to search for Latin American CAM information (P < 0.05). Integration of Latin American CAM topics was successfully implemented in the P1 year of a Doctor of Pharmacy degree curriculum to foster cultural competence.
Epidemic analysis of HIV/AIDS from 2001 to 2012 in Cangnan County, Zhejiang

Objective To provide a reasonable proposal for science decision-making by analysis of HIV/AIDS epidemic characteristics in Cangnan County,Zhejiang.Methods The reported HIV/AIDS cases in network during 2001 to 2012 were statistically analyzed,including annual incidence rate and age,occupation,marital status,region distribution,infection route and detection route of patients.Results A total of 157 HIV/AIDS patients were reported in Cangnan County during 2001 to 2012,with an average age of (36.7 ± 11.9) years old,the incidence rate was rising year by year and the cumulative incidence of 2007-2012 was significantly higher than that of 2000-2006 (10.10/0.1 million:1.94/0.1 million,x2 =69.16,P ＜ 0.05).The male to female ratio was 2.83∶ 1,56.03％ of the 116 male patients were 25-44 years old and most of the male patients were commercial service workers and farmers,56.10％ of the 41 female patients were 25-34 years old and most of the female patients were housekeeping,housework and unemployed people.A total of 146 cases (92.99％) were infected through sexual transmission,including 27 cases of homosexual transmission (44.44％ of them aged 15-24 years old).The constituent ratio of female patients who infected from spouses or regular sexual partners was significantly higher than that of male patients (x2 =11.65,P ＜ 0.05).Forty nine patients (31.21％) were detected due to the treatment of other diseases.Conclusions The increase rate of HIV/AIDS is obviously high during 2007 to 2012.The incidence of male patients is higher than that of female patients.The main infection route is sexual transmission.People of 25-34 years old is high risk group.The surveillance should be strengthened so as to promptly detect and effectively control the epidemic. Key words: HIV/AIDS; epidemiological characteristics; analysis
An exploratory Integrated Moving Average Time Series Model of the initial outbreak of COVID-19 in six (6) significantly impacted Countries

Abstract The 2019 Novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is a single-stranded RNA virus that has threatened the lives of humans all over the globe. Government officials, policy makers and public health officials have been scrambling and struggling to “flatten the curve” to decelerate the prevalence and spread of COVID-19 given the significant economic destruction of the spread of the virus. Most “flatten the curve” models are based on Compartmental Models. This preliminary research is based on six (6) selected countries significantly impacted by COVID-19 and endeavors to build a new model based on moving averages lagged at different time periods to better hone in on the time the COVID-19 begins to decelerate using the date of first reported case and date of first reported death. This new model, the Consistent Deceleration Model (CDM) is based on each individual country’s date of Peak Increase in Mortality Rate (PINC MR) and the Moving Average since the peak increase in mortality rate (MA POSTINC). The CDM can be utilized of one of many quantitative tools to determine the strength of the deceleration of an infectious outbreak.
Retrospective evaluation of the use of the International Myeloma Working Group response criteria in dogs with secretory multiple myeloma.

Background Current recommendations for monitoring disease progression and response to treatment in humans with multiple myeloma include evaluation of serum paraprotein (M-protein) concentration. Densitometry, species-specific radial immunodiffusion (RID) and ELISA methods can be used to quantify M-proteins. Objective Retrospectively evaluate use of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) response criteria for humans in dogs with multiple myeloma. Animals Sixteen dogs with a diagnosis of multiple myeloma, M-protein documented by serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation (IF) in an initial sample and subsequent electrophoretic evaluation of serial samples. Methods Retrospectively, densitometric M-proteins, RID and globulins were measured and characterized according to IMWG criteria. Available clinical history was reviewed. Overall survival time (OST) was calculated from initial electrophoretic evaluation to death or last contact. Results All cases received some form of nonstandardized chemotherapy. Complete response (CR), a lack of detectable M-protein by SPE and IF, was documented in 1 case. Median survival was longer for dogs that attained ≥90% densitometric M-protein reduction (630 days) than for those that did not attain at least 50% reduction in densitometric M-protein (284 days; log rank P = .006). Five dogs were defined as having progressive disease (M-protein increase of >25% and at least 0.5 g/dL from nadir), which correlated with concurrent or subsequent clinical deterioration. Response criteria categorized by serum globulins or RID was not correlated with OST or clinical findings. Conclusions and clinical importance Densitometric M-protein characterized using IMWG response criteria correlated with OST and clinical findings. Densitometric M-protein detection should be used to monitor dogs with multiple myeloma.
A comprehensive circulating tumor DNA assay for detection of translocation and copy number changes in pediatric sarcomas

Most circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) assays are designed to detect recurrent mutations. Pediatric sarcomas share few recurrent mutations but rather are characterized by translocations and copy-number changes. We applied Cancer Personalized Profiling by deep Sequencing (CAPP-Seq) for detection of translocations found in the most common pediatric sarcomas. We also applied ichorCNA to the combined off-target reads from our hybrid capture to simultaneously detect copy-number alterations (CNA). We analyzed 64 prospectively collected plasma samples from 17 patients with pediatric sarcoma. Translocations were detected in the pretreatment plasma of 13 patients and were confirmed by tumor sequencing in 12 patients. Two of these patients had evidence of complex chromosomal rearrangements in their ctDNA. We also detected copy-number changes in the pretreatment plasma of 7 patients. We found that ctDNA levels correlated with metastatic status and clinical response. Furthermore, we detected rising ctDNA levels before relapse was clinically apparent, demonstrating the high sensitivity of our assay. This assay can be utilized for simultaneous detection of translocations and CNAs in the plasma of patients with pediatric sarcoma. While we describe our experience in pediatric sarcomas, this approach can be applied to other tumors that are driven by structural variants.
Advancing Monolayer 2-D nMOS and pMOS Transistor Integration From Growth to Van Der Waals Interface Engineering for Ultimate CMOS Scaling

2-D-material channels enable ultimate scaling of MOSFET transistors and will help Moore's Law scaling for years. We demonstrate the state of both n- and p-MOSFETs using monolayer transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) channels of sub-1 nm thickness and manufacturable CVD, molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), or seeded growth. nMOS devices on transferred MBE MoS₂ using novel contact metal show low variation, one of the lowest reported contact resistances ( $R_{c}$ ) of 0.4 kΩ ·μ m, low hysteresis, and good subthreshold swing (SS) of 77 mV/dec. pMOS devices using CVD WSe₂ show 89 mV/dec SS, best reported for pMOS on grown films, but on-current remains behind nMOS. We show $R_{C}$ is improved by 5x by using a bake process prior to contact metal deposition. Transfer-free, area-selective seeded growth techniques for WS₂ and MoS₂ are demonstrated as options for wafer-scale TMD channel growth. WS₂ transistors achieve 10 μA/μm on-current, highest reported on WS₂ using seeded growth. A new capacitance method is shown to monitor 2-D material contact interface quality. Gate-oxide interface engineering through metal seeding and atomic layer deposition (ALD) demonstrates that a single 2-D channel material can selectively make pMOS or nMOS transistors, alike Si CMOS, and can also be used as a method to achieve p-type doping. We compare back-gated bare channel devices with dual-gate devices and observe hysteresis-free operation and an improvement in mobility with proper passivation.
The Neuro-Environmental Loop of Plasticity: A Cross-Species Analysis of Parental Effects on Emotion Circuitry Development Following Typical and Adverse Caregiving.

Early experiences critically shape the structure and function of the brain. Perturbations in typical/species-expected early experiences are known to have profound neural effects, especially in regions important for emotional responding. Parental care is one species-expected stimulus that plays a fundamental role in the development of emotion neurocircuitry. Emerging evidence across species suggests that phasic variation in parental presence during the sensitive period of childhood affects the recruitment of emotional networks on a moment-to-moment basis. In addition, it appears that increasing independence from caregivers cues the termination of the sensitive period for environmental input into emotion network development. In this review, we examine how early parental care, the central nervous system, and behavior come together to form a ‘neuro-environmental loop,’ contributing to the formation of stable emotion regulation circuits. To achieve this end, we focus on the interaction of parental care and the developing amygdala–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) network—that is at the core of human emotional functioning. Using this model, we discuss how individual or group variations in parental independence, across chronic and brief timescales, might contribute to neural and emotional phenotypes that have implications for long-term mental health.
The Alice P. Gamboe Strip

She stood at the slot and watched for the photos to drop. It said sixty seconds. At one hundred and five they rolled through the mangle, ironed but wet. She plucked up the strip by the edges and blew it from left to right, checking each frame as she blew. Made for the writing counter, rummaging with one hand through her purse for the manicure scissors in the red plastic case. Cut the strip into four poses, curved at the tops and bottoms like nails. Reversed them. Printed in ball-point pen on the back of each: Alice P. Gamboe. The Mortimer Woodworth Service Plaza. May 11, 1973. Put each into a separate envelope, licked them shut. Stamped and addressed them and put them down the chute by the door, under the map that says you are here.
Biochemical Studies of Bacterial Sporulation III. INORGANIC PYROPHOSPHATASE OF VEGETATIVE CELLS AND SPORES OF BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Abstract The inorganic pyrophosphatases isolated from the vegetative cells and spores of Bacillus subtilis proved to be similar in several physical and functional tests. These included amino acid composition, molecular weight, electrophoretic migration, stability, substrate specificity, metal requirements, and several kinetic parameters. The enzyme remains at a constant level from the end of exponential growth until shortly before forespores become refractile. Mn++, a metal specifically required for sporulation, has a marked effect on the levels of enzyme attained in the spore.
CUSP: A 2-/spl mu/m CMOS Digital Signal Processor

This paper describes the Cornell University Signal Processor (CUSP), a 60 000 transistor 2-/spl mu/m CMOS processor custom designed to compute the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and related algorithms. Operating on a 50-MHz clock, the bit-serial arithmetic hardware on a CUSP chip performs over 15 million 20 X 20 bit multiplications per second and computes a 1024 point FFT in 1.33 ms. The chip architecture is presented along with a description of the arithmetic, control, and fault detection circuitry. The inclusion of these components on a single chip is shown to allow large fault tolerant arrays of CUSP processors to be efficiently employed for high-performance applications.
Consumer Profiles and Acceptance of ARM Features: An Application of Logit Regression

In recent years, mortgage lenders have encouraged borrowers to choose adjustable rate mortgages (ARMs), and regulators have allowed lenders wide latitude in determining mortgage features. Through analysis of survey data, this paper examines borrower characteristics and attitudes related to the choice between fixed and adjustable rate mortgages, providing information lenders may use to increase homebuyers' willingness to accept ARMs. Results indicate that, while some ARM features are unattractive to almost all potential borrowers, response to other features is affected by age and income expectations. Thus, there is support for maintaining a variety of mortgage features to appeal to different categories of borrowers.
Multiple mechanisms participate in the generation of diversity of human H chain CDR3 regions

The area of highest variability in the antibody-combining site is the third complementarity determining region or CDR3. Based on our preliminary observation of the tremendous variability of this region in the human system we have studied the potential of CDR3 regions for generating diversity in the human B cell repertoire. To this end we generated CDR3-specific cDNA libraries from tissues collected at several stages of human development. Detailed computer analysis of more than 500 sequences reveals that human CDR3 region have the potential to generate more than 10(14) different peptides. The mechanisms responsible for this diversity include rearrangement by inversion, D-D fusion, gene conversion and the frequent utilization of the recently described DIR genes. The specific recombination mechanisms which may explain aberrant rearrangements as well as differences between fetal and adult repertoires are discussed in detail.
Sustained Release Myofascial Release as Treatment for a Patient with Complications of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Collagenous Colitis: A Case Report

Background: Myofascial release (MFR) is a manual therapeutic technique used to release fascial restrictions, which may cause neuromusculoskeletal and systemic pathology. Purpose: This case report describes the use of sustained release MFR techniques in a patient with a primary diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and a secondary diagnosis of collagenous colitis. Changes in pain, cervical range of motion, fatigue, and gastrointestinal tract function, as well as the impact of RA on daily activities, were assessed. Methods: A 54-year-old white woman presented with signs and symptoms attributed to RA and collagenous colitis. Pre and post measurements were taken with each treatment and during the interim between the initial and final treatment series. The patient recorded changes in pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal tract function, and quality of life. Cervical range of motion was assessed. Six sustained release MFR treatment sessions were provided over a 2-week period. Following an 8-week interim, two more treatments were performed. Results: The patient showed improvements in pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal tract function, cervical range of motion, and quality of life following the initial treatment series of six sessions. The patient maintained positive gains for 5 weeks following the final treatment, after which her symptoms returned to near baseline measurements. Following two more treatments, positive gains were achieved once again. Conclusions: In a patient with RA and collagenous colitis, the application of sustained release MFR techniques in addition to standard medical treatment may provide short-term and long-term improvements in comorbid symptoms and overall quality of life.
How to do Everything with Second Life: By Richard Mansfield. Chicago: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2008, 268 pp., 0-07-149789-7

Imagine a world where you can go shopping for clothes, search for a house with an ocean view and change your fitness level, all with the click of a button. This is life online at www.secondlife.com...
Biophysics: Searching for Principles

Like all authors, I hope that this book will find wide readership. At the same time, I believe that good books are intensely personal objects. As readers, we have our favorite books, and this is an emotional statement, laden with context.1 Similarly, writers bring not just their knowledge and their technical skill to the creation of a book, but also their personalities. In writing something which might be used as a textbook, I feel a responsibility to provide a fair view of the field. But I won’t apologize for giving you my view, which surely is not a consensus view. Indeed, perhaps by the time there is a clear consensus the field won’t be quite as much fun.
Effects of occipital lobectomy upon eye movements in primate

1. Eye movements were recorded before and after bilateral occipital lobectomy in six rhesus monkeys trained to fixate and to follow small targets. Striate cortex was completely removed in two anima...
Synthesis of 1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-3-ethynyl-[1,2,4]triazole and its in vitro and in vivo efficacy against Hantavirus

Abstract There are no FDA approved drugs for the treatment of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), a serious human illnesses caused by hantaviruses. Clinical studies using ribavirin (RBV) to treat HFRS patients suggest that it provides an improved prognosis when given early in the course of disease. Given the unique antiviral activity of RBV and the lack of other lead scaffolds, we prepared a diverse series of 3-substituted 1,2,4-triazole-β-ribosides and identified one with antiviral activity, 1-β- d -ribofuranosyl-3-ethynyl-[1,2,4]triazole (ETAR). ETAR showed an EC 50 value of 10 and 4.4 μM for Hantaan virus (HTNV) and Andes virus, respectively. ETAR had weak activity against Crimean Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, but had no activity against Rift Valley fever virus. Intraperitoneally delivered ETAR offered protection to suckling mice challenged with HTNV with a ∼25% survival at 12.5 and 25 mg/kg ETAR, and a MTD of 17.1 ± 0.7 days. ETAR was phosphorylated in Vero E6 cells to its 5′-triphosphate and reduced cellular GTP levels. In contrast to RBV, ETAR did not increase mutation frequency of the HTNV genome, which suggests it has a different mechanism of action than RBV. ETAR is an exciting and promising lead compound that will be elaborated in further synthetic investigations as a framework for the rational design of new antivirals for treatment of HFRS.
The Spectrum of Rhinovirus Inhibition by 2-(α-Hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole and D-(-) −2- (α-Hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole HC1

SummaryRhinovirus strains representative of the 55 numbered serotypes and one subtype were tested in HeLa and WI-38 cell culture tubes for inhibition by 223 and 447 μM concentrations of 2-(α-hydroxybenzyl)-benzimidazole (HBB) and 77, 115, 192, 383, and 574 μM concentrations of D - (-) − 2 - (α - hydroxybenzyl) - benzimidazole · HCl (D-HBB · HCl). Half of strains tested showed some inhibition at a 447 μM concentration of HBB and strains of all types except 1A and subtype 1B showed some degree of inhibition at a D-HBB · HCl concentration of 574 μM or less. An increasing proportion of strains were inhibited as test concentrations of the compounds were increased. Multiple strains of rhinovirus types 7 and 24 showed similar degrees of sensitivity to a 192 μM concentration of D-HBB · HCl. Comparative testing of strains of 36 types vs a 192 μM concentration of D-HBB · HCl in WI-38 and HeLa cell culture tubes gave similar but not identical results. D-HBB · HCl concentrations of 574 and 383 μM were toxic for cells...
Persistence and probabilistic projection

Predicting the future is an essential component of decision-making. In most situations, however, there is not enough information to make accurate predictions. A theory of causal reasoning for predictive inference under uncertainty is developed. A common type of prediction that involves reasoning about persistence is emphasized: whether or not a proposition once made true remains true at some later time. A decision procedure with a polynomial-time algorithm for determining the probability of the possible consequences of a set of events and initial conditions is provided. The integration of simple probability theory with temporal projection circumvents problems in dealing with persistence by nonmonotonic temporal reasoning schemes. These ideas have been implemented in a prototype system that refines a database of causal rules in the course of applying those rules to construct and carry out plans in a manufacturing domain. >
Mitral Insufficiency: Cardiac Mechanics as Studied with the Kinetocardiogram and Ballistocardiogram

Precordial movements (kinetocardiograms) and ballistocardiograms were studied in patients with "pure" mitral insufficiency. Certain characteristic features of the records were noted and contrasted with those found in patients with mitral stenosis. The finding suggests fundamental differences in the mode of ventricular contraction and relaxation in mitral insufficiency and mitral stenosis.
Inverse energy cascade in stationary two-dimensional homogeneous turbulence.

Direct numerical simulations with up to ${1024}^{2}$ resolution are performed to study statistical properties of the inverse energy cascade in stationary homogeneous two-dimensional turbulence driven by small-scale Gaussian white-in-time noise. The energy spectra for the inverse energy cascade deviate strongly from the expected ${\mathit{k}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}5/3}$ law and are close (somewhat flatter) to ${\mathit{k}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$. The reason for the deviation is traced to the emergence of strong vortices distributed over all scales. Statistical properties of the vortices are explored.
Study of carbon and carbon–metal particulates in a canola methyl ester air-flame

Abstract In this study we show that the interaction of a solid metal in the form of wire in the post flame region formed using a biodiesel or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) fuel (an oxygenated compound) can contribute significantly to the oxidation of the probe’s surface resulting in the deposition of metallic nanoparticles and carbon particulates with complex structural morphologies. The FAME used for forming the flame was canola methyl ester (CME). The interaction of the solid support within a flame medium formed using CME resulted in the formation of a distinct material deposition layer covering the surface of the probe. The formed layer was found to consist of clusters composed of aggregates of primary particles with a nearly spherical shape. The aggregates are composed of primary particles of carbon and of metallic characteristics. Other unique features include carbon networks containing numerous encapsulated ultra-small metal particles (