cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Agency Problem Underlying the Use of Repression

State repression is a common tool used by autocrats, and to understand how the implementation of repression unfolds, I develop a theory with two key features. First, uncertainty resulting from political instability creates a novel agency problem between a leader and members of the repressive apparatus. As a consequence of this agency problem, leaders must compensate the repressive apparatus for conducting repression, thus affecting leaders' net benefit of retaining power. Second, political instability and the use of repression comprise an endogenous process that depends on a coordination dynamic between civilians. I show that leaders wanting to implement repression prefer to target civilians that are concentrated - (geographically, economically, or socially) and that the relationship with the capacity to resist is more nuanced. I examine the composition of a repressive government that arises in equilibrium, which has implications for data collection and the design of future empirical studies of government repression.
Research Note: Helping Students Market Themselves with The Power of Who!

While learning is still of paramount importance, today, colleges and universities realize that they need to equip their students with the skills and knowledge to get hired after graduation. Using the book The Power of Who!, written by experienced executive recruiter Bob Beaudine, this research note looks at what kind of impact the concepts in the book had on M.B.A. students in a Foundations of Marketing course. In addition, the results of a multiple regression analysis indicate that some of the concepts in the book had a statistically significant influence on the students' attitudes toward job searches. Overall, this research found that The Power of Who! can be an effective tool for professors to use in an effort to assist students with their job search. The article also empowers marketing educators to effectively introduce practice-based assignments into their curriculum and modify them as needed.
A pathologist’s perspective on induced pluripotent stem cells

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology was originally developed in 2006. Essentially, it converts somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells by transiently expressing a few transcriptional factors. Once generated, these iPSCs can differentiate into all the cell types of our body, theoretically, which has attracted great attention for clinical research including disease pathobiology studies. Could this technology then become an additional research or diagnostic tool widely available to practicing pathologists? Here we summarize progress in iPSC research toward disease pathobiology studies, its future potential, and remaining problems from a pathologist's perspective. A particular focus will be on introducing the effort to recapitulate disease-related morphological changes through three-dimensional culture of stem cells such as organoid differentiation.
Visualizing the Reaction Cycle in an Iron(II)- and 2-(Oxo)-glutarate-Dependent Hydroxylase

Iron(II)- and 2-(oxo)-glutarate-dependent oxygenases catalyze diverse oxidative transformations that are often initiated by abstraction of hydrogen from carbon by iron(IV)-oxo (ferryl) complexes. Control of the relative orientation of the substrate C–H and ferryl Fe–O bonds, primarily by direction of the oxo group into one of two cis-related coordination sites (termed inline and offline), may be generally important for control of the reaction outcome. Neither the ferryl complexes nor their fleeting precursors have been crystallographically characterized, hindering direct experimental validation of the offline hypothesis and elucidation of the means by which the protein might dictate an alternative oxo position. Comparison of high-resolution x-ray crystal structures of the substrate complex, an Fe(II)-peroxysuccinate ferryl precursor, and a vanadium(IV)-oxo mimic of the ferryl intermediate in the L-arginine 3-hydroxylase, VioC, reveals coordinated motions of active site residues that appear to control the ...
Production of L-Lysine and Some Other Amino Acids by Mutants of B. methanolicus

Bacillus methanolicus is is a Gram-positive, endosporeforming, facultative methylotroph with an optimal growth temperature of 50-53 o C. This bacterium employs the efficient ribulose-monophosphate pathway for formaldehyde assimilation and possesses a novel nicotinamide adenine nucleotide-dependent methanol dehydrogenase (Dijkhuisen et al, 1988) rather than the cytochrome linked MDH found in gram-negative methylotrophs. Several isolates similar to those isolated by us (Schendel et al, 1990) have been described and have been shown to be related to Bacillus frimus and B. azotoformans (Arfman, Dijhuizen, 1993). We have previously shown that mutants of B. methanolicus strains MGA3 and NOA2 which lacked homoserine dehydrogenase (methionine, threonine auxotrophs) and were also resistant to the lysine analogue, S-(2-aminoethyl)-L-cysteine (AEC) produced significant amounts of lysine when grown in a mineral salts medium under threonine limited conditions in fed-batch fermentations (Schendel et al, 1990).
Neural Personalized Ranking for Image Recommendation

We propose a new model toward improving the quality of image recommendations in social sharing communities like Pinterest, Flickr, and Instagram. Concretely, we propose Neural Personalized Ranking (NPR) -- a personalized pairwise ranking model over implicit feedback datasets -- that is inspired by Bayesian Personalized Ranking (BPR) and recent advances in neural networks. We further build an enhanced model by augmenting the basic NPR model with multiple contextual preference clues including user tags, geographic features, and visual factors. In our experiments over the Flickr YFCC100M dataset, we demonstrate the proposed NPR model is more effective than multiple baselines. Moreover, the contextual enhanced NPR model significantly outperforms the base model by 16.6% and a contextual enhanced BPR model by 4.5% in precision and recall.
Sensory Overload and Technology in Critical Care

In this focus group study, we identified issues associated with sensory overload from medical technology alarms/alerts for intensive care unit nurses. Participants indicated that alarms from cardiopulmonary monitors, ventilators, and intravenous pumps contributed the most to sensory overload and, yet, these alarms were also deemed the most helpful. Alerts/alarms from electronic health records and medication dispensing systems were rated low in contributing to sensory overload, as well as being the least helpful. Specific device/technology barriers, related to device alerts/alarms, are detailed. Future user-centered and integrated improvements in alarm systems associated with medical devices in the intensive care unit are needed.
Correction to: Shoulder Arthroplasty for Humeral Head Avascular Necrosis Is Associated with Increased Postoperative Complications

Due to a metadata tagging error, the name of author M. Tyrell Burrus was indexed incorrectly. M. Tyrell is the given name and Burrus is the family name.
How Service-Learning Enacts Social Justice Sensemaking

This qualitative research seeks to understand how students’ experiences in service-learning contribute to their understanding of and commitment to social justice. Sensemaking theory is applied to unpack how students make sense of social justice—expressly, how the service-learning experiences (both community and classroom processes) provide students the opportunity to consider and conceptualize issues of justice. The findings demonstrate that students’ experiences in service-learning facilitated a more complex understanding of and expressed commitment to social justice. Key to this process of social justice sensemaking were six properties: students’ developing understandings of themselves and their role (identity); revisiting and reconsidering their positions (retrospect); connecting to new concepts and understandings that they wished to integrate into their own (referencing); recognizing conflicts between what was expected and what was experienced (contradiction); interacting with others (social); and developing confidence in their understandings, even if they were unsure about the accuracy of meaning (plausibility). These properties also reveal the aspects of a service-learning experience that provide the needed environment to enact social justice sensemaking.
Metal Insulator Transition in Modulated Crystals

In recent years there have been many studies of crystals containing a modulating periodic potential of a period different from that of the underlying lattice (1,2). Such modulations occur naturally in crystals containing charge density waves or spin density waves (2) as well as in ionic conductors(3) and in certain alloys (4). It has also become possible to grow crystals with such modulations by molecular-beam epitaxy(5) (superlattices). Such periodic modulations can be either commensurate or incommensurate with the underlying lattice. Both cases are of considerable interest theoretically and experimentally.
Viscoelastic properties of red cell membrane in hereditary elliptocytosis

The viscoelastic properties of the RBC membrane are in part determined by a submembrane network of proteins consisting of spectrin alpha beta heterodimers (SpD) assembled head-to-head to form spectrin tetramers (SpT) and spectrin oligomers (SpO). SpT, in turn, are connected into a two-dimensional network by the linkage of distal ends of SpT to protein 4.1 and actin. With the micropipette technique, we determined the membrane viscoelastic properties of RBCs from a subset of patients with hereditary elliptocytosis (HE); these RBCs exhibit membrane skeletal instability, defective SpD self-association, and a molecular defect in the alpha I domain of spectrin, which is involved in the SpD-SpD contact (HE SpD alpha-SpD). The elastic modulus and viscosity of the membrane were significantly higher for the HE RBCs than for the control cells. Incubation of normal cells with N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) produced a similar defective SpD self-association and a significant increase in the viscoelastic parameters of the membrane. The data provide evidence that the mode of assembly of membrane spectrin in the cytoskeletal protein network plays a major role in determining the rheologic behavior of erythrocyte membrane.
Model-Based Systems Engineering

Model-Based Systems Engineering explains the fundamental theories behind model-based systems and the considerations involved in applying theory to the design of real systems. The book begins by presenting terms used in systems engineering and introducing the discrete system and its components. The remainder of the text explains topics such as the mathematical theory of system coupling, the homomorphic relationship between systems, the concept of system mode, the mathematical structure of T3SD system requirements, and the implications of that structure for T3SD system design. Appendices include a short bibliography, detailed definitions of all examples discussed in the text, a list of all notations used, and an index. Model-Based Systems Engineering is an excellent text for engineering students, and an invaluable reference for engineers and scientists.
Reconstruction of the Radiation-Damaged Chest Wall

In the patient with a radiation ulcer of the chest wall, the first question is whether the lesion contains persistent or recurrent cancer. It is also important to determine whether any other local problems such as mediastinal abscess may interfere with the reconstruction. Whether or not cancer is present, all nonviable tissue must be removed. If cancer is not present, and a partial thickness of the chest remains, the authors prefer transposition of the greater omentum for repair. If cancer is present, the physiologic defect resulting from cancer resection and wound debridement is far more severe, and a muscle or musculocutaneous flap usually is appropriate. The pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, external oblique, rectus abdominis, and trapezius muscles have been utilized; the authors most often use the pectoralis or latissimus muscles.
Investigations on reduction of colour from pulp and paper mill effluent by activated coconut jute carbon

Coconut jute carbon, a waste by-product, was utilized in the production of activated carbon. The activated carbon was then evaluated for colour removal from pulp and paper mill wastewater. The activation of the coconut jute was evaluated using a fixed bed reactor involving carbonization and activation steps at temperatures of 650°C in the absence of air. The activation results showed that the maximum surface area of the activated coconut jute carbon (ACJC) was 94 m 2 g −1 . Adsorption equilibrium results of the pulp paper mill wastewater on the ACJC showed that a significant amount of colour reduction was achieved when the ACJC dose exceeded 8 to 12 g l −1 . Batch equilibrium data was used to develop adsorption isotherms for colour removal. Based on those isotherms, the amount of activated coconut jute carbon required to achieve colour removal can be predicted. Apart from reducing colour from the effluent, a waste disposal problem is also solved by utilizing this material as an adsorbent.
Changes in refractive error over a 5-year interval in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.

PURPOSE. To examine changes in spherical equivalent over a 5-year period in persons 43 to 84 years of age. METHODS. All people 43 to 84 years of age and living in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin, in 1988 were invited for a baseline examination (1988-1990) and a 5-year follow-up examination (1993-1995). Refractions were determined according to the same protocol at both examinations. Aphakic and pseudophakic eyes were excluded as well as eyes with best corrected Snellen visual acuity of 20/40 and worse. After exclusions, refraction was obtained on 3007 right eyes and 3012 left eyes of the 3684 people participating in both examinations. RESULTS. Right and left eyes behaved similarly. Spherical equivalent became more positive in the youngest subjects and more negative in older subjects. After adjusting for other factors, the 5-year change in spherical equivalent of those 45, 55, 65, and 75 years of age was +0.15, +0.18, +0.10, and -0.07 D, respectively. Severity of nuclear sclerosis was related to the amount of change. Those with mild nuclear sclerosis at baseline had a change of +0.2 D, whereas those with severe nuclear sclerosis had a change of -0.5 D. The amount of change was also related to gender, diabetes, and age at onset of myopia. It was unrelated to education and baseline spherical equivalent. CONCLUSIONS. Changes in spherical equivalent over a 5-year period were small. Before the age of 70, people became more hyperopic. After the age of 70, people became more myopic. Much of the myopic change may be related to increasing nuclear sclerosis.
Rigid and Flexible Quantification in Plural Predicate Logic

Noun phrases with overt determiners, such as some apples or a quantity of milk , differ from bare noun phrases like apples or milk in their contribution to aspectual composition. While this has been attributed to syntactic or algebraic properties of these noun phrases, such accounts have explanatory shortcomings. We suggest instead that the relevant property that distinguishes between the two classes of noun phrases derives from two modes of existential quantification, one of which holds the values of a variable fixed throughout a quantificational context while the other allows them to vary. Inspired by Dynamic Plural Logic and Dependence Logic, we propose Plural Predicate Logic as an extension of Predicate Logic to formalize this difference. We suggest that temporal for -adverbials are sensitive to aspect because of the way they manipulate quantificational contexts, and that analogous manipulations occur with spatial for -adverbials, habituals, and the quantifier all .
Longitudinal persistence of meningeal enhancement on postcontrast 7T 3D-FLAIR MRI in multiple sclerosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Preliminary research has demonstrated that postgadolinium 3D-FLAIR MR imaging at 7T may be a valuable tool for detecting abnormal meningeal enhancement and inflammation in MS; however, researchers have not systematically investigated its longitudinal persistence. We hypothesized that persistence of meningeal enhancement in MS varies on the basis of pattern of enhancement as well as demographic and clinical factors such as treatment status, disease phenotype, and disability score. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-one subjects with MS were prospectively scanned before and after intravenous contrast administration at 2 time points, approximately 1 year apart. Fifteen subjects in the cohort were scanned at another time approximately 1 year later. Foci of enhancement were categorized into 4 subtypes: subarachnoid spread/fill, subarachnoid nodular, vessel wall, and dural foci. We reviewed follow-up scans to determine whether foci changed between time points and then compared persistence with demographic and clinical variables. RESULTS: Persistence ranged from 71% to 100% at 1 year and 73% to 100% at 2 years, depending on the enhancement pattern. Subarachnoid spread/fill and subarachnoid nodular subtypes persisted less often than vessel wall and dural foci. Persistence was not significantly different between those on/off treatment and those with progressive/nonprogressive disease phenotypes. The number of persisting foci was significantly different in subjects with/without increasing Expanded Disability Status Scale scores (median, 12 versus 7.5, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal persistence of meningeal enhancement on 3D-FLAIR at 7T in MS varies by pattern of enhancement and correlates with worsening disability; however, it is not significantly different in those on/off treatment or in those with progressive/nonprogressive disease phenotypes.
Solar Generation, Storage, and Electric Vehicles in Power Grids: Challenges and Solutions with Coordinated Control at the Residential Level

Solar energy is an abundant renewable energy source that is available all around the world every day. Each hour, the solar rays that reach our Earth (if properly converted to electricity and other forms of energy) represent more than the total energy consumption of the entire human race over the course of one year. Wind energy is another important renewable resource available in large amounts every day. These two renewable energy sources are attracting significant investment as countries seek technology cost reductions to aid sustainability.
A multiplex immunoassay of serum biomarkers for the detection of uveal melanoma.

Approximately 50% of uveal melanoma (UM) patients develop metastases preferentially in the liver leading to death within 15 months. Currently, there is no effective treatment for metastatic UM, in part because the tumor burden is typically high when liver metastases are detected through abnormal liver function tests (LFTs) or imaging studies. The use of LFTs results followed by diagnostic tests has high specificity and predictive values but low sensitivity, and better tests are needed for early diagnosis of the primary tumor as well as its metastatic spread. To evaluate serum biomarkers for the early detection of UM, multiplex immunoassays were developed. Magnetic bead-based multiplex immunoassays were developed for the selected serum biomarkers using a Bio-Plex 200 system. The dynamic ranges, lower limits of detection and quantification, cross-reactivity, and intra- and inter-assay precision were assessed. All proteins were analyzed in sera of 48 patients diagnosed with UM (14 metastatic, 9 disease–free (DF) ≥ 5 years, 25 unknown) and 36 healthy controls. The performance of the biomarkers was evaluated individually and in combination for their ability to detect UM. A 7-plex immunoassay of OPN, MIA, CEACAM-1, MIC-1, SPON1, POSTN and HSP27 was developed with negligible cross-reactivity, recovery of 84–105%, and intra-assay and inter-assay precision of 2.3–7.5% or 2.8–20.8%, respectively. Logistic regression identified a two-marker panel of HSP27 and OPN that significantly improved the individual biomarker performance in discriminating UM from healthy controls. The improved discrimination of a two-marker panel of MIA and MIC-1 was also observed between metastatic UM and DF, however not statistically significant due to the small sample size. The multiplex immunoassay provides sufficient analytical performance to evaluate serum biomarkers that complement each other in detection of UM, and warrants further validation with a larger number of patient samples.
The Impact of a Sustained Cognitive Engagement Intervention on Cognitive Variability: The Synapse Project.

Interest in maintaining one’s cognitive ability and quality of life through older adulthood has greatly increased in recent years. However, research examining the effectiveness of cognitive engagement interventions on older adults is mixed and the mechanisms behind improving cognition in older age are unknown. It is possible that traditional measures of cognitive outcomes, such as average reaction time, may overlook potential benefits due to a lack of sensitivity in these measures. One alternative metric is intraindividual variability (IIV) in response speed (short-term variations in performance on reaction time tasks), which reflects fluctuations in attention and is a sensitive behavioral measure of neurological integrity that is predictive of future cognitive decline and impairment. The current study aimed to investigate whether IIV was improved in older adults through productive cognitive engagement (i.e., acquisition of new skills) in comparison with receptive engagement (activities that rely upon existing knowledge). Participants were 173 typically aging adults aged 60–90 years who were recruited to the Synapse Project and randomly allocated to a productive engagement activity (learning to quilt and/or conduct digital photography) or receptive engagement activity (socializing, or placebo cognitive tasks such as completing crosswords). Participants completed three flanker tasks at baseline and after completing the 14-week intervention program. IIV was calculated as the trial-to-trial variability in responding to congruent and incongruent trials in each task. Neither traditional intent-to-treat nor complier average causal effect modeling analyses showed any significant improvements in IIV for either intervention group. Further, Bayesian analyses showed that there was moderate evidence in favor of the null hypothesis. An intensive cognitive activity intervention did not result in a reduction in IIV. We suggest that intervention programs may need to specifically engage cognitive domains associated with IIV (i.e., attention, executive control) for improvements to be observed. Additionally, other design factors such as using a longer duration and/or applying the intervention to atypically aging groups, such as those with mild cognitive impairment, may increase the likelihood of significantly reducing IIV via an intervention.
Magnetotransport Properties of Antiferromagnetic YBa_2Cu_3O_6.25 Single Crystals

In-plane and out-of-plane magnetoresistivities (MR) of antiferromagnetic YBa_2Cu_3O_6.25 single crystals were measured in magnetic fields H applied along the (ab) plane. In-plane MR is a superposition of two components: The first component is strongly in-plane anisotropic, changing sign from negative when H is parallel to the electrical current I to positive when H is perpendicular to I. The second component is positive, quadratic in H, and isotropic in the (ab)-plane. The out-of-plane MR displays a fourfold symmetry upon in-plane rotation of the magnetic field, with maxima along the easy axes of antiferromagnetic spin ordering and minima along unfavorable directions of spin orientation (45 degrees from the Cu-O-Cu bonds).
Sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) activity during the transition to endothermy in an altricial bird.

ABSTRACT Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is a transmembrane pump critical to muscle calcium cycling during contraction, and SERCA has also been proposed as the basis for a non-shivering thermogenesis mechanism in birds. Despite its potential importance to both shivering and non-shivering thermogenesis, the activity of this transporter has rarely been studied in altricial birds, and never during the developmental transition from ectothermy to endothermy. Here, we describe SERCA activity in the pectoralis muscle and heart ventricle of red-winged blackbird (Agelaius phoeniceus) nestlings, fledglings and adults. Additionally, using a diet manipulation, we tested the hypothesis that muscle SERCA activity is affected by dietary fatty acid composition, as has been shown in some previous studies. In blackbird hearts, SERCA activity increased throughout development and into adulthood, conspicuously jumping higher just prior to fledging. In pectoralis muscle, SERCA activity increased throughout the nestling period, but then declined after fledging, an effect we attribute to remodeling of the muscle from a primarily heat-generating organ to a primarily force-generating organ. SERCA activity of the pectoralis muscle was correlated with the proportion of linoleic acid in muscle phospholipids when including all ages in the control group. However, in diet-manipulated birds, there was no consistent relationship between SERCA activity and muscle membrane fatty acid composition at any tested age (5–9 days old). It is unclear whether SERCA might be affected by developmental changes in fatty acid composition at younger ages.
P69 Fun with Fresh Food Rainbow Nutrition Program Helps Families Improve Attitudes and Behavior Around Fruits and Vegetables

Objective The Fun with Fresh Food (FFF) Rainbow Nutrition program is designed for families to improve attitudes and behaviors around fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption. This includes improving self-efficacy in adults preparing and serving FV, and increased interest in cooking and willingness to try FV in children. Use of Theory or Research Previous research suggests parental self-efficacy around food affects children's diet quality. Social Cognitive Theory suggests modeling of food preparation is effective at increasing self-efficacy. Additionally, studies show children may need 10 to 30 exposures to foods before accepting them. Target Audience Children (ages 2-13) and their parents/guardians attending summer community events in suburban Georgia in 2018. Program Description FFF uses research-based techniques for addressing picky eating in a six-week series of 20-minute interactive rainbow-themed food “commercials.” Each week centers on a color (i.e. purple), with the specific food (i.e. cabbage) remaining unknown until sessions begin. Children participate in age-appropriate kitchen tasks as part of a recipe demonstration. Sessions include taste tests and produce giveaways. Evaluation Methods Weekly post-program parent surveys assessed knowledge and behavioral intention. A final post-survey assessed parents’ perceived impact of series overall. Nine parents with > 50% attendance participated in interviews and focus groups to further explore program impact and acceptability. Results Average weekly attendance was 110 people; 50 children attended ≥ 50% of sessions. Eighty-three percent of adults gained FV knowledge and 78% intended to incorporate a recipe or tactic at home. Focus group data showed increased confidence in serving FV, greater interest in children cooking and eating FV, and the rainbow theme being a significant draw. Conclusions The FFF program suggests short, repeat exposure to FV can have a strong impact on parental self-efficacy for cooking and eating FV and child interest in FV. Short demos may reduce barriers by illustrating healthy eating does not have to be time consuming or difficult. The FFF model could be employed in many community settings to reach families in a whimsical yet substantive way.
Approximating the Koopman Operator using Noisy Data: Noise-Resilient Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition

This paper presents a data-driven method to find a finite-dimensional approximation for the Koopman operator using noisy data. The proposed method is a modification of Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition which finds an approximation for the projection of the Koopman operator on a subspace spanned by a predefined dictionary of functions. Unlike the Extended Dynamic Mode Decomposition which is based on least squares method, the presented method is based on element-wise weighted total least squares which enables one to find a consistent approximation when the data come from a static linear relationship and the noise at different times are not identically distributed. Even though the aforementioned method is consistent, it leads to a nonconvex optimization problem. To alleviate this problem, we show that under some conditions the nonconvex optimization problem has a common minimizer with a different method based on total least squares for which one can find the solution in closed form.
Immunotherapy in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Other CD30+ Lymphomas

CD30 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily and is a transmembrane receptor which was initially observed to be the target of the Ki-1 antibody binding to Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin lymphoma (Stein et al., Blood 66(4):848–858, 1985). Since it has high expression within Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), variable expression in other non-Hodgkin lymphoma subgroups, and limited expression in nonmalignant tissues, CD30 has become the focus for innovative therapeutic advances (Horie, Semin Immunol 10(6):457–470, 1998). This chapter will focus on first reviewing the standard of care for CD30+ lymphomas and then describing the recent developments in CD30-directed immunotherapy.
Incidence of cystoid macular edema following routine cataract surgery using NSAIDs alone or with corticosteroids.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the rate of cystoid macular edema development among cataract surgery patients on four different therapeutic regimens. Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of 5,380 eyes following uncomplicated phacoemulsification at Wake Forest University. The study period went from July 2007 to December 2012. Patients received one of four regimens, as follows: postoperative generic ketorolac 0.4% and prednisolone 1%, postoperative name-brand ketorolac 0.45% and prednisolone 1%, postoperative bromfenac 0.09% and prednisolone 1%, preoperative and postoperative bromfenac 0.09% alone. A statistical analysis was performed to assess the differences in rate of cystoid macular edema development among the four different therapeutic regimens. The diagnosis of cystoid macular edema required worsening of vision and evidence of increased macular thickness on optical coherence tomography. Results: The overall rate of cystoid macular edema was 0.82%. Treatment by postoperative generic ketorolac 0.45% and prednisolone 1% demonstrated the highest rate of cystoid macular edema development (2.20% of the cases). Postoperative name-brand ketorolac 0.45% and prednisolone 1% exhibited intermediate rates of cystoid macular edema development (0.90% of the cases). Postoperative administration of bromfenac 0.09% and prednisolone 1% exhibited intermediate rates of cystoid macular edema development (0.44% of the cases). Preoperative and postoperative bromfenac 0.09% alone resulted in the lowest rate of cystoid macular edema development (0.09% of the cases). The rate of cystoid macular edema was significantly lower when bromfenac was used alone vs. either regimen where ketorolac and prednisolone were used (OR 0.043, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.312; p<0.001). Conclusions: Post-cataract surgery cystoid macular edema developed less frequently following topical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs regimen compared to the other therapies evaluated. Bromfenac, without corticosteroids, achieved lower rates of cystoid macular edema vs. various combinations of non-ste­roidal anti-inflammatory drugs with corticosteroids.
Complementary Control over Habits and Behavioral Vigor by Phasic Activity in the Dorsolateral Striatum

Despite clear evidence linking the basal ganglia to the control of outcome insensitivity (i.e., habit) and behavioral vigor (i.e., its behavioral speed/fluidity), it remains unclear whether or how these functions relate to one another. Here, using male Long-Evans rats in response-based and cue-based maze-running tasks, we demonstrate that phasic dorsolateral striatum (DLS) activity occurring at the onset of a learned behavior regulates how vigorous and habitual it is. In a response-based task, brief optogenetic excitation at the onset of runs decreased run duration and the occurrence of deliberative behaviors, whereas midrun stimulation carried little effect. Outcome devaluation showed these runs to be habitual. DLS inhibition at run start did not produce robust effects on behavior until after outcome devaluation. At that time, when the DLS was plausibly most critically required for performance (i.e., habitual), inhibition reduced performance vigor measures and caused a dramatic loss of habitual responding (i.e., animals quit the task). In a second cue-based "beacon" task requiring behavior initiation at the start of the run and again in the middle of the run, DLS excitation at both time points could improve the vigor of runs. Postdevaluation testing showed behavior on the beacon task to be habitual as well. This pattern of results suggests that one role for phasic DLS activity at behavior initiation is to promote the execution of the behavior in a vigorous and habitual fashion by a diverse set of measures.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our research expands the literature twofold. First, we find that features of a habitual behavior that are typically studied separately (i.e., maze response performance, deliberation movements, running vigor, and outcome insensitivity) are quite closely linked together. Second, efforts have been made to understand "what" the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) does for habitual behavior, and our research provides a key set of results showing "when" it is important (i.e., at behavior initiation). By showing such dramatic control over habits by DLS activity in a phasic time window, plausible real-world applications could involve more informed DLS perturbations to curb intractably problematic habits.
Chapter 2 – Space and Linearity

Publisher Summary The chapter presents the analysis of signals and their transformations with an overview of the applicable linear algebra followed by the results from advanced calculus needed to understand infinite dimensional spaces. The ability to see geometric properties of objects in space helps to visualize important properties of digital signals. However, it is necessary to find correspondence between the signal property and the geometric object. A starting point is the analytic geometry of the line, the plane, and the space. Digital signals representing sounds and images are modeled by points in some of these generalized spaces, and many common transformations of such signals are easily described as geometric operations on those points. For example, points in space may be added together or multiplied by real numbers that correspond respectively to mixing signals or amplify them. The results are variously called linear combinations, superpositions, or linear transformations. Linear transformations of linear spaces preserve linear combinations. Even rather complicated transformations satisfy this linearity assumption, which in many cases reduces their analysis to linear algebra.
Clinical utility of 18F-FDG-PET/CT in staging localized breast cancer prior to initiating preoperative systemic therapy.

563Background: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET/CT) is recommended as an optional study in current National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines after co...
The Personal Health Network Mobile App for Chemotherapy Care Coordination: Qualitative Evaluation of a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Cancer care coordination addresses the fragmented and inefficient care of individuals with complex care needs. The complexity of care coordination can be aided by innovative technology. Few examples of information technology-enabled care coordination exist beyond the conventional telephone follow-up. For this study, we implemented a custom-designed app, the Personal Health Network (PHN)—a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant social network built around a patient to enable patient-centered health and health care activities in collaboration with clinicians, care team members, caregivers, and others designated by the patient. The app facilitates a care coordination intervention for patients undergoing chemotherapy. Objective: This study aimed to understand patient experiences with PHN technology and assess their perspectives on the usability and usefulness of PHNs with care coordination during chemotherapy. Methods: A two-arm randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare the PHN and care coordination with care coordination alone over a 6-month period beginning with the initiation of chemotherapy. A semistructured interview guide was constructed based on a theoretical framework of technology acceptance addressing usefulness, usability, and the context of use of the technology within the participant’s life and health care setting. All participants in the intervention arm were interviewed on completion of the study. Interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. A summative thematic analysis was completed for the transcribed interviews. Features of the app were also evaluated. Results: A total of 27 interviews were completed. The resulting themes included the care coordinator as a partner in care, learning while sick, comparison of other technology to make sense of the PHN, communication, learning, usability, and usefulness. Users expressed that the nurse care coordinators were beneficial to them because they helped them stay connected to the care team and answered their questions. They shared that the mobile app gave them access to the health information they were seeking. Users expressed that the mobile app would be more useful if it was fully integrated with the electronic health record. Conclusions: The findings highlight the value of care coordination from the perspectives of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and the important role of technology, such as the PHN, in enhancing this process by facilitating better communication and access to information regarding their illness.
Maternal focal atrial tachycardia during pregnancy: A systematic review.

Introduction The presentation and optimal management of maternal focal atrial tachycardia (AT) during pregnancy are unknown. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive summary of the existing evidence. Methods and results A systematic review of all reported cases of maternal focal AT during pregnancy was performed. The primary search queried PubMed using the MeSH terms "supraventricular tachycardia" and "pregnancy." A stepwise ancillary search included article bibliographies, citations listed by the Google internet search engine, and PubMed using the MeSH terms "atrial tachycardia" and "pregnancy." In total, 28 citations that described 32 patients were retrieved. A case from our institution was added. Detailed information was available for 30 patients. Clinical characteristics at presentation included a mean ± standard deviation of 28.3 ± 5.7 years for maternal age and 24.6 ± 7.7 weeks for gestation age. Suspected tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy was present in 20 of 30 (67%) patients and left ventricular ejection fraction improved in 15 of 15 (100%) patients with follow-up measurements. Medication failure was common. Focal AT resolved spontaneously after delivery in eight of nine (89%) patients treated with only medications. Automaticity was suggested by discrete electrograms at sites of origin and lack of reported inducibility and termination with programmed stimulation in all patients who underwent electrophysiology studies. There were nine cases of successful catheter ablation with zero fluoroscopy since 2010. Conclusions Automaticity is the dominant mechanism for patients with maternal focal AT during pregnancy. Catheter ablation with zero fluoroscopy is an emerging therapy for medically refractory cases.
Predictive Acid Gas Adsorption in Rare Earth DOBDC Metal–Organic Frameworks via Complementary Cluster and Periodic Structure Models

Eu-DOBDC metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have demonstrated capabilities in the adsorption of acid gases, indicating that other rare earth (RE)-DOBDC MOFs are promising candidates for similar applic...
Shining a Light on the Mechanisms of Sleep for Memory Consolidation

This paper reviews all optogenetic studies that directly test various sleep states, traits, and circuit-level activity profiles for the consolidation of different learning tasks. Inhibiting or exciting neurons involved either in the production of sleep states or in the encoding and consolidation of memories reveals sleep states and traits that are essential for memory. REM sleep, NREM sleep, and the N2 transition to REM (characterized by sleep spindles) are integral to memory consolidation. Neural activity during sharp-wave ripples, slow oscillations, theta waves, and spindles are the mediators of this process. These studies lend strong support to the hypothesis that sleep is essential to the consolidation of memories from the hippocampus and the consolidation of motor learning which does not necessarily involve the hippocampus. Future research can further probe the types of memory dependent on sleep-related traits and on the neurotransmitters and neuromodulators required.
Self-Synchronized DS/SS With High Spread Factors for Robust Millimeter-Wave Datalinks

This paper presents direct sequence spread spectrum (DS/SS) datalinks operating at 92-100 GHz with spreading factors up to 100K. Unlike traditional DS/SS datalinks which rely on preamble and cyclic dispreading for synchronization, the reported datalink uses a self-synchronous demodulation scheme, avoiding the large hardware complexity associated with exceptionally large spreading factors, and avoiding the difficulties of synchronizing the long de-spreading codes that are applicable to mm-wave systems. A demonstration link chipset is presented operating at 92-100 GHz with a spreading factor of 104K and a spread bandwidth of 6.0 GHz (baseband bandwidth of 56Kb/s) while consuming a total of 425mW.
The Expanding Divide between Videoconferencing and Enterprise-Grade Virtual Care Platforms for Healthcare Systems

COVID19’s silver lining in healthcare technology ushered in a massive adoption of virtual care by health systems, clinicians, and patients. In the post pandemic world, as consumer/patient adoption for digital health access exponential continues to grow—Health systems, Insurers, and clinicians all need re-evaluate strategies create larger budgets, and commitments towards Digital health. The growth and rapid adoption seen during the early months of the pandemic was stimulated by removal of legislative, financial and reimbursement barriers. Healthcare systems must carefully and strategically evaluate secure, purpose built, and strategic technological investment.
Corporate Crime: An Introduction to the Law and its Enforcement

This download provides sample excerpts of a new flexible textbook in the field of corporate crime and enforcement. The materials are drawn from the intersection of corporate and criminal law and from contemporary developments in enforcement practice. The complete text and individual chapters are available for free in pdf at buelloncorporatecrime.com, which also provides links for ordering a low-cost bound hard copy. Coverage includes corporate liability, fraud, obstruction of justice and related offenses, FCPA, insider trading, health care crimes, securities enforcement, criminal procedure in the white-collar context, plea bargaining and settlements, sentencing, attorney-client privilege and ethics, and more. The website includes sample syllabi and exam questions. The text, up to date as of summer 2021, includes many documents drawn from enforcement actions that illustrate the field’s current practice and provide deep factual examples for analysis and discussion. In addition, most sections conclude with problems for students and other readers to discuss or work through independently. The textbook is published under a Creative Commons license through a self-publishing platform.
Hopes and fears about autonomous vehicles

Abstract This essay details empirical findings from research that addressed a question that is central to the societal adoption of autonomous vehicles (AVs) in a northeast US state: What do people in this state have to say about their “Hopes & Fears” regarding AVs? We conceptualize the societal adoption of emerging transportation technologies as the complex interplay of market forces, political processes, and consumer/community attitudes. We present findings from analysis of data on “Hopes & Fears” surrounding AVs at a one-day symposium that was co-sponsored by an insurance company and included among its attendees a wide range of transportation professionals including those from industry.
Body measurement techniques

With the use of 3D body scanners, body measurement techniques can be non‐contact, instant, and accurate. However, how each scanner establishes landmarks and takes the measurements should be established so that standardization of the data capture can be realized. The purpose of this study was to compare body‐scanning measurement extraction methods and terminology with traditional anthropometric methods. A total of 21 measurements were chosen as being critical to the design of well‐fitting garments. Current body scanners were analyzed for availability of information, willingness of company cooperation, and relevance to applications in the apparel industry. On each of the 21 measurements, standard measurement procedure was identified for three different scanners: [TC]2, Cyberware, and SYMCAD. Of the 21 measures in the study, [TC]2 was the scanner that had the most measures identified for the study and also had the capability of producing many more with specific application for apparel.
Dynamics of Dendritic Cell Phenotype and Interactions with CD4+ T Cells in Airway Inflammation and Tolerance

An emerging concept is that different types of dendritic cells (DCs) initiate different immune outcomes, such as tolerance vs inflammation. In this study, we have characterized the DCs from the lung draining lymph nodes of mice immunized for allergic airway inflammation or tolerance and examined their interactions with CD4(+) T cells. The DC population derived from tolerized mice was predominantly CD11c(+), B220(+), Gr-1(+), CD11b(-), and MHC class II(low), which resembled plasmacytoid-type DCs whereas DCs from the inflammatory condition were largely CD11c(+), B220(-), Gr-1(-), CD11b(+), and MHC class II(high) resembling myeloid-type DCs. The DCs from the tolerogenic condition were poor inducers of T cell proliferation. DCs from both conditions induced T cell IL-4 production but the T cells cultured with tolerogenic DCs were unresponsive to IL-4 as indicated by inhibition of STAT6 activation and expression of growth factor-independent 1, which has been recently shown to be important for STAT6-activated Th2 cell expansion. Our data suggest that airway tolerance vs inflammation is determined by the DC phenotype in lung draining lymph nodes.