cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparative mapping in intraspecific populations uncovers a high degree of macrosynteny between A- and B-genome diploid species of peanut

Cultivated peanut or groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is an important oilseed crop with an allotetraploid genome (AABB, 2n = 4x = 40). Both the low level of genetic variation within the cultivated gene pool and its polyploid nature limit the utilization of molecular markers to explore genome structure and facilitate genetic improvement. Nevertheless, a wealth of genetic diversity exists in diploid Arachis species (2n = 2x = 20), which represent a valuable gene pool for cultivated peanut improvement. Interspecific populations have been used widely for genetic mapping in diploid species of Arachis. However, an intraspecific mapping strategy was essential to detect chromosomal rearrangements among species that could be obscured by mapping in interspecific populations. To develop intraspecific reference linkage maps and gain insights into karyotypic evolution within the genus, we comparatively mapped the A- and B-genome diploid species using intraspecific F2 populations. Exploring genome organization among diploid peanut species by comparative mapping will enhance our understanding of the cultivated tetraploid peanut genome. Moreover, new sources of molecular markers that are highly transferable between species and developed from expressed genes will be required to construct saturated genetic maps for peanut. A total of 2,138 EST-SSR (expressed sequence tag-simple sequence repeat) markers were developed by mining a tetraploid peanut EST assembly including 101,132 unigenes (37,916 contigs and 63,216 singletons) derived from 70,771 long-read (Sanger) and 270,957 short-read (454) sequences. A set of 97 SSR markers were also developed by mining 9,517 genomic survey sequences of Arachis. An SSR-based intraspecific linkage map was constructed using an F2 population derived from a cross between K 9484 (PI 298639) and GKBSPSc 30081 (PI 468327) in the B-genome species A. batizocoi. A high degree of macrosynteny was observed when comparing the homoeologous linkage groups between A (A. duranensis) and B (A. batizocoi) genomes. Comparison of the A- and B-genome genetic linkage maps also showed a total of five inversions and one major reciprocal translocation between two pairs of chromosomes under our current mapping resolution. Our findings will contribute to understanding tetraploid peanut genome origin and evolution and eventually promote its genetic improvement. The newly developed EST-SSR markers will enrich current molecular marker resources in peanut.
Issues in geometric reasoning from range imagery

The authors discuss some of the issues that have to be tackled in order to perform geometric reasoning from range imagery. They begin by pointing out that a successful system must deal with real-world data, and therefore take into account the effects of noise and quantization. They suggest that adaptive smoothing may prove to be a helpful tool for such a task. The next stage of processing involves a symbolic representation of the original data. The authors spell out criteria for shape description, discuss current representation schemes and point out their limitations, and then propose some ideas for overcoming such limitations, illustrated on real examples. Finally, they look at the issues in recognition, and more specifically the matching part, with reference to different methodologies, tree search and constraint satisfaction network. >
Mapping the Political Landscape: Toward a GIS Analysis of Environmental and Social Difference

This paper employs geographic information systems (GIS) to analyze the relationship between environmental context and social inequality. Using recent archaeological data from the political center of the Inka Empire (Cuzco, Peru), it investigates how material and spatial boundaries embed social differences within the environment at both local and regional scales. In doing so, the paper moves beyond conventional archaeological GIS approaches that treat the environment as a unitary phenomenon. It develops a methodological and theoretical framework for the examination of a political landscape—the distinct spaces and materials that differentially shape people’s social experience and perception of their environment.
Determinants of charitable donation intentions: a structural equation model†

Currently charities have to depend more on individual donors and less on the government for funding. Hence, understanding the individual donor and what motivates them to contribute to charities is something, which has been of increasing interest to nonprofit marketers. In this article, a path model for the charitable donation process of a religious individual is developed and tested. The variables that are used in the model are religiosity, attitude towards helping others (AHO), attitude towards charitable organizations (ACO), attitude towards the advertisement (Attad) and behavioral intentions (BI). The results suggest that AHO by itself does not cause BI. Altruistic people need to be targeted with an appropriate advertisement message. Since religiosity is an important causal variable for AHO, segmenting and targeting individuals who are religious would be pertinent. Attempts to build favorable ACO would also be worthwhile. Religiosity Charitable donation intentions Charity advertisements. Path model for predicting intentions to donate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Absorption of Pyrimidines, Purines, and Nucleosides by Co-, Ni-, Cu-, and Fe(III)-Montmorillonite (Clay-Organic Studies XIII)

Absorptions of purine and pyrimidine derivatives by Co- and Ni- montmorillonite at pH Co ≫ Ca. Adenine, 7-methyladenine, hypoxanthine, and purine are strongly absorbed, 9-methyladenine, 6-chloropurine, and cytosine are weakly absorbed, and thymine and uracil are not absorbed. At pH 6 their absorptions decrease in the order Cu ≫ Ni > Co > Ca. Fe(III)-montmorillonite behaves quite differently from the other mont-morillonites studied. With purines and pyrimidines, there is strong absorption from pH 3 to pH 7–8; with the nucleosides, the absorption varies considerably with the compounds considered decreasing in the order adenosine > cytidine ≫ guanosine ≫ inosine.
Fibrocytes in Fibrotic Diseases and Wound Healing

Background: First described in 1994, fibrocytes are now appreciated to participate in different inflammatory and fibrogenic processes as well as in wound healing. Fibrocytes are unique in their expression of both myeloid and connective tissue products, which include a distinct cytokine and surface marker expression profile. Recent studies suggest their clinical utility as predictive biomarkers and as targets for therapeutic intervention. The Problem: Fibrocytes are involved in physiological and beneficial processes such as wound repair. Their involvement in detrimental processes such as aberrant collagen deposition in different fibrosing diseases reveals the sensitive balance in which these bone marrow progenitors have to be maintained. Basic/Clinical Science Advances: The enumeration of circulating fibrocytes and correlation with clinical severity of different fibrosing disorders is one of the most promising advantages in recent fibrocyte research. Besides their potential as a biomarker, fibrocytes may b...
Maize meiotic spindles assemble around chromatin and do not require paired chromosomes

To understand how the meiotic spindle is formed and maintained in higher plants, we studied the organization of microtubule arrays in wild-type maize meiocytes and three maize meiotic mutants, desynaptic1 (dsy1), desynaptic2 (dsy2), and absence of first division (afd). All three meiotic mutations have abnormal chromosome pairing and produce univalents by diakinesis. Using these three mutants, we investigated how the absence of paired homologous chromosomes affects the assembly and maintenance of the meiotic spindle. Before nuclear envelope breakdown, in wild-type meiocytes, there were no bipolar microtubule arrays. Instead, these structures formed after nuclear envelope breakdown and were associated with the chromosomes. The presence of univalent chromosomes in dsy1, dsy2, and afd meiocytes and of unpaired sister chromatids in the afd meiocytes did not affect the formation of bipolar spindles. However, alignment of chromosomes on the metaphase plate and subsequent anaphase chromosome segregation were perturbed. We propose a model for spindle formation in maize meiocytes in which microtubules initially appear around the chromosomes during prometaphase and then the microtubules self-organize. However, this process does not require paired kinetochores to establish spindle bipolarity.
Nanoparticle formation in rapid expansion of water-in-supercritical carbon dioxide microemulsion into liquid solution

Silver nanoparticles were produced in the Rapid Expansion of a Supercritical Solution into a Liquid SOLVent (RESOLV). Perfluorinated surfactant-stabilized water-in-CO2 microemulsion was used to dissolve silver salt for the rapid expansion. It was found that well-behaved nanocrystalline silver particles could be obtained when the reductive solution at the receiving end of the rapid expansion was adjusted to be highly basic. The results suggest that the pre-expansion reverse micelles in the microemulsion might be playing a significant role in the formation of the nanoparticles and that such a role could be affected by the basicity of the receiving solution in RESOLV. The apparent correlation between the parameters of the pre-expansion microemulsion and the properties of the produced nanoparticles is discussed.
Nasal tissue dosimetry-issues and approaches for "Category 1" gases: a report on a meeting held in Research Triangle Park, NC, February 11-12, 1998.

Three organizations, the Basic Acrylic Monomer Manufacturers (BAMM), Methacrylate Producers Association (MPA), and Vinyl Acetate Toxicology Group (VATG), have sponsored development of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for nasal tissue dosimetry with, respectively, acrylic acid (AA), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and vinyl acetate (VA). These compounds cause lesions in nasal epithelial tissues and are classified as "Category 1" gases within the U.S. EPA (1994) classification scheme. The National Center for Environmental Assessment in the U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development also has continuing interests in refining its methods for dosimetry adjustments when data on mode of action are available for Category 1 gases. A round-table discussion was held in Research Triangle Park, NC, on 11-12 February 1998, to develop a broader appreciation of the key processes and parameters required in developing nasal tissue dosimetry models. The discussions at the round table drew on these three case s...
A novel navigational planning scheme for autonomous underwater vehicles

A navigational planning system for autonomous under-water vehicles (AUVs) that employs case-based reasoning (CBR) techniques is described in this paper. CBR is a reasoning technique using past episodic information and offers several advantages such as faster synthesis of plans, incremental learning, and easy knowledge engineering. We discuss the design of an annotated map system for representing the navigational environment, a case-based path planner that utilizes old routes to generate new ones, and an obstacle avoidance scheme. Navigational planner described is part of a larger integrated mission planning system for AUVs. >
Why is diffusion in metals and on metal surfaces universal

Recent experiments that determine mass diffusion Ds on the close packed surfaces of vacuum compatible metals are reviewed. The results turn out to be approximately universal when scaled to homologous temperatures T/Tm, with Tm the melting temperature. Similar behaviour for vacancy-driven diffusion in bulk metals has been recognized for decades. Remarkably, the uncertainty with which this scaling occurs is only ~10%. Possible origins of the universality are discussed.
Structural segregation and scales of spatial dependency in Abies amabilis forests

Question: Is a mosaic structure apparent in the spatial distribution of trees in old-growth Abies amabilis forests? Location: Montane forests of the western Cascade Range, Washington, USA. Methods: Maps of tree locations were created for study areas located in two, 300-year old stands and a single 600-year old stand. Stand structure parameters were calculated using several subsample quadrats sizes (56.25 - 306.25 m 2 ), which were drawn randomly with replacement at a density of 250 quadrats per ha from the stem maps in the computing environment. Spatial cross-covariance functions between different canopy strata were estimated using the spline cross-correlogram. Results: Negative spatial correlation (segregation) between subcanopy tree density and areas of high overstorey occupancy was detected. Understorey and midstorey tree densities were positively spatially correlated. These general trends were apparent across the range of observational scales investigated. Significant spatial correlation between canopy strata was observed at spatial scales of 12 - 44 m and extended to the largest scales in the 600-year old stand. Conclusion: The observed spatial segregation between canopy strata supports the hypothesis that old A. amabilis forests form fine-scale structural mosaics. Structural segregation at small scales may be due to competitive interactions as well as exogenous forcing of tree locations (e.g. by mortality due to pathogens or disturbance), however segregation at large scales in the 600-year old stand is likely due to exogenous factors alone. This study reinforces the idea that horizontal heterogeneity is an emergent property of old-growth forests.
Adeno-associated virus gene therapy vector scAAVIGF-I for transduction of equine articular chondrocytes and RNA-seq analysis.

Summary Objective IGF-I is one of several anabolic factors being investigated for the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Due to the short biological half-life, extended administration is required for more robust cartilage healing. Here we create a self-complimentary adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene therapy vector utilizing the transgene for IGF-I. Design Various biochemical assays were performed to investigate the cellular response to scAAVIGF-I treatment vs an scAAVGFP positive transduction control and a negative for transduction control culture. RNA-sequencing analysis was also performed to establish a differential regulation profile of scAAVIGF-I transduced chondrocytes. Results Biochemical analyses indicated an average media IGF-I concentration of 608 ng/ml in the scAAVIGF-I transduced chondrocytes. This increase in IGF-I led to increased expression of collagen type II and aggrecan and increased protein concentrations of cellular collagen type II and media glycosaminoglycan vs both controls. RNA-seq revealed a global regulatory pattern consisting of 113 differentially regulated GO categories including those for chondrocyte and cartilage development and regulation of apoptosis. Conclusions This research substantiates that scAAVIGF-I gene therapy vector increased production of IGF-I to clinically relevant levels with a biological response by chondrocytes conducive to increased cartilage healing. The RNA-seq further established a set of differentially expressed genes and gene ontologies induced by the scAAVIGF-I vector while controlling for AAV infection. This dataset provides a static representation of the cellular transcriptome that, while only consisting of one time point, will allow for further gene expression analyses to compare additional cartilage healing therapeutics or a transient cellular response.
Choosing the Number of Component Clusters in the Mixture-Model Using a New Informational Complexity Criterion of the Inverse-Fisher Information Matrix

This paper considers the problem of choosing the number of component clusters of individuals within the context of the standard mixture of multivariate normal distributions. Often the number of mixture clusters K is unknown, but varying and needs to be estimated. A two-stage iterative maximum-likelihood procedure is used as a clustering criterion to estimate the parameters of the mixture-model under several different covariance structures. An approximate component-wise inverse-Fisher information (IFIM) for the mixture-model is obtained. Then the informational complexity (ICOMP) criterion of IFIM of this author (Bozdogan 1988, 1990a, 1990b) is derived and proposed as a new criterion for choosing the number of clusters in the mixture-model. For comparative purposes, Akaike’s (1973) information criterion (AIC), and Rissanen’s (1978) minimum description length (MDL) criterion are also introduced and derived for the mixture-model. Numerical examples are shown on simulated multivariate normal data sets with a known number of mixture clusters to illustrate the significance of ICOMP in choosing the number of clusters and the best fitting model.
Web searching by individuals with cognitive disabilities

The ability to search for information on the web can provide tremendous support to people with cognitive disabilities, but there are few research studies with this focus. An exploratory study was conducted to explore how individuals with cognitive disabilities use three searching methods (typing, voice searching with manual microphone control, and hands-free voice searching). The results support a flexible design approach, as the preferences of the participants for the conditions varied. Some preferred typing, since they experienced some voice recognition issues with the microphone, while others chose hands-free voice searching to overcome spelling difficulties. Future work will aim to relate search behaviour of users with cognitive disabilities to their functional capabilities, and to evaluate Google's Search Education lessons to improve searching skills for people with cognitive disabilities.
Abundances of Small Mammals in Fir Forests in Northeastern California

We compared abundances of seven species of forest rodents among three types of fir ( Abies concolor and A. magnifica ) forest: unlogged old-growth, unlogged mature, and shelter-wood-logged old-growth. Small mammals were livetrapped during summers 1991 and 1992 in four grids within each type of forest; grids were located in the Lassen National Forest in northeastern California. Shelterwood-logged forests had been logged 6–7 years previously. Differences in capture rates between unlogged, old-growth and shelterwood-logged, old-growth forests suggest that logging led to significant increases in populations of golden-mantled ground squirrels ( Spermophilus lateralis ), yellow pine chipmunks ( Tamias amoenus ), and lodgepole chipmunks ( Tamias speciosus ) but may have led to reduced populations of western red-backed voles ( Clethrionomys californicus ). Capture rates of Douglas' squirrels ( Tamiasciurus douglasii ), Allen's chipmunks ( Tamias senex ), and deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) did not differ significantly between unlogged and shelterwood-logged forests. Capture rate of T. douglasii was significantly greater in mature forests than in old-growth forests in 1992, but we did not detect significant differences between old-growth and mature forests for the other six species. These results illustrate how opening of the canopy and disturbance of the forest floor can lead to significant changes in patterns of abundance of forest rodents.
Pulmonary effects of prolonged sympathetic stimulation.

SummaryPrevious work in monkeys and cats showed that sympathetic stimulation via mechanical head injury and exposure to hyperbaric oxygen resulted in an immediate decrease in lung compliance and altered alveolar surfactants in the absence of any evidence of gross pulmonary edema or congestion as evidenced by normal lung wt/body wt ratios. Such effects were ameliorated by pretreatment with sympathetic blocking agents but not with atropine. Similar results were found during short-term sympathetic stimulation via the stellate ganglia. In the present study, using cats, a 3-hr continuous electrical stimulation of the stellate ganglion decresed lung compliance by 38% in the absence of any increse in lung wt/body wt ratio or lung wet wt/dry wt ratio. Such evidence suggests that this sympathetic-induced compliance decrese was due to factors other than cardiovascular.
Time-Resolved Optical Studies of Amorphous CoSi Thin-Film Crystallization

Time-resolved reflection and transmission measurements during heating are coupled with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to study the crystallization of amorphous 75nm Co49Si51 films. The reflection decreases and the transmission increases upon crystallization. Optical data are converted to a measure of the fraction crystallized, χ=χ(T,t). A Kissinger analysis gives an activation energy for crystallization of 1.1 eV. TEM analysis of films crystallized in-situ show they are principally CoSi2 with a small amount of CoSi2. These results are being used for kinetic modelling of crystallization of amorphous Co-silicide films for potential use in Si mosfet and bipolar technologies.
Randomness in the Hybrid Modeling and Simulation of Insulin Secretion Pathways in Pancreatic Islets

Insulin secreted by pancreatic islet ˇ-cells is the principal regulating hormone of glucose metabolism.Disruption of insulin secretion may cause glucose to accumulate in the blood, and result in diabetes mellitus.Although deterministic models of the insulin secretion pathway have been developed, the stochastic aspect of this biological pathway has not been explored. The first step in this direction presented here is a hybrid model of the insulin secretion pathway, in which the delayed rectifying KCchannels are treated as stochastic events. This hybrid model can not only reproduce the oscillation dynamics as the deterministic model does, but can also capture stochastic dynamics that the deterministic model does not. To measure the insulin oscillation system behavior, a probability-based measure is proposed and applied to test the effectiveness of a new remedy.
Prevalence of strangulation in survivors of sexual assault and domestic violence.

Objectives Both sexual assault (SA) survivors and domestic violence (DV) survivors are populations at risk of strangulation injury. Our goal was to identify the prevalence of strangulation in patients who are survivors of SA and DV, identify presence of lethality risk factors in intimate partner violence, and assess differences in strangulation between SA and DV populations. Methods We reviewed all patient encounters from our health system's SA/DV forensic nurse examiner program from 2004 to 2008. Medical records were reviewed for documented physical signs of strangulation or documentation of strangulation. Risk factors for lethality included presence of firearm, threats of suicide/homicide by the perpetrator, significant bodily injury, loss of consciousness, loss of bladder or bowel control, voice changes, or difficulty swallowing. Data were analyzed with Pearson χ(2) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results A total of 1542 encounters were reviewed. The mean patient age was 30 (range, 13-98) years and 97% were female. Six hundred forty-nine encounters were for DV assaults and 893 were SA. An intimate partner was the assailant 46% of the time; 84% DV vs 16% SA (P Conclusions Patients presenting to our forensic nurse examiner program who were survivors of DV were more likely than SA patients to sustain strangulation. Lethality risk factors were common.
Functionally distinct pools of actin in secretory cells.

Acid secretion by the gastric parietal cell is controlled through movement of vesicles containing the proton pump, the H+-K+-ATPase (HK). We have used latrunculin B (Lat B), which binds to monomeri...
Hydroxyurea in Pediatric Patients With Sickle Cell Disease What Nurses Need to Know

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited disorder in which sickled red blood cells occlude the small vessels of the body, reducing oxygen delivery to tissues and ultimately negatively affecting many of the body's major organs. Hydroxyurea has proven beneficial in the treatment of SCD and prevention of disease-related complications. The 2014 guidelines put forth by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommend hydroxyurea treatment in infants 9 months and older, children, and adolescents with SCD-SS or SCD-Sβ(0) thalassemia regardless of clinical severity. This is a change from the 2002 guidelines in which hydroxyurea was recommended for adolescents and children with SCD-SS or SCD-Sβ(0) thalassemia with frequent episodes of pain, a history of acute chest syndrome, severe and symptomatic anemia or other severe vaso-occlusive events. Nurses play a critical role in working with patients and families to provide education, guidance, and support to improve compliance to mitigate the long-term effects of SCD.
Epidemiology of sexually transmitted diseases in Huzhou,Zhejiang,2008-2012

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of sexually transmitted diseases(STDs) in Huzhou,Zhejiang province,and provide evidence for the development of specific control strategies.Methods Descriptive analysis was conducted on the incidence data of STDs in Huzhou collected from national disease reporting information system from 2008-2012.Results A total 29 565 cases of 5 STDs was reported in Huzhou,with an average annual incidence of 203.74 / lakh.The male to female ratio of STD cases was 0.92 ∶ 1.The cases mainly occurred in sex active young adults aged 20-39 years,accounting for 56.88%.The majority of the cases were farmers,accounting for 49.41%.The average annual incidence reported was highest in Anji county(295.46 / lakh).Syphilis had highest case number among 5 STDs,accounting for 48.25%.Conclusion The overall incidence of STDs was in decline,but the incidence of syphilis was in increase in Huzhou.It is necessary to further conduct effective intervention to prevent and control syphilis and other STDs.
Mechanism of CDPKs in Plant Adaptation to Abiotic Stress

CDPKs(calcium-dependent protein kinases) play important role in plant adaptation to abiotic stress, the CDPKs constitute a large gene family, and distribute in different plant species, the CDPK members localize to various sub-cellular spaces. CDPKs are important calcium sensors in plant cells, they interact with numbers of substrates, involve in plant adaptation to drought stress, salt stress and cold stress. The mechanism of CDPKs regulate plant stress tolerance are gene expression regulation, ion balance regulation and ROS balance regulation. Here, we review the recent advances on the functions of CDPKs in stress signaling networks, and discuss the potential research aspects in the future.
The Fatigue Behavior of Certain Alloys in the Temperature Range from Room Temperature to -423°F

Recent developments have increased the need for knowledge of the fatigue behavior of materials at cryogenic temperatures. Scarcely any data are available on the fatigue behavior of engineering metals to temperatures as low as -423°F* In order to obtain data which would aid in the fatigue design of cryogenic missile components, AFBMD and WADD sponsored the fatigue study described below. Although the program is still in progress, the data obtained so far are being presented in abbreviated form because of their potential interest arising from current applications and the dearth of available Information on cryogenic fatigue.
Guanylyl Cyclase C Hormone Axis at the Intersection of Obesity and Colorectal Cancer

Obesity has emerged as a principal cause of mortality worldwide, reflecting comorbidities including cancer risk, particularly in colorectum. Although this relationship is established epidemiologically, molecular mechanisms linking colorectal cancer and obesity continue to be refined. Guanylyl cyclase C (GUCY2C), a membrane-bound guanylyl cyclase expressed in intestinal epithelial cells, binds the paracrine hormones guanylin and uroguanylin, inducing cGMP signaling in colorectum and small intestine, respectively. Guanylin is the most commonly lost gene product in sporadic colorectal cancer, and its universal loss early in transformation silences GUCY2C, a tumor suppressor, disrupting epithelial homeostasis underlying tumorigenesis. In small intestine, eating induces endocrine secretion of uroguanylin, the afferent limb of a novel gut-brain axis that activates hypothalamic GUCY2C-cGMP signaling mediating satiety opposing obesity. Recent studies revealed that diet-induced obesity suppressed guanylin and uroguanylin expression in mice and humans. Hormone loss reflects reversible calorie-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and the associated unfolded protein response, rather than the endocrine, adipokine, or inflammatory milieu of obesity. Loss of intestinal uroguanylin secretion silences the hypothalamic GUCY2C endocrine axis, creating a feed-forward loop contributing to hyperphagia in obesity. Importantly, calorie-induced guanylin loss silences the GUCY2C-cGMP paracrine axis underlying obesity-induced epithelial dysfunction and colorectal tumorigenesis. Indeed, genetically enforced guanylin replacement eliminated diet-induced intestinal tumorigenesis in mice. Taken together, these observations suggest that GUCY2C hormone axes are at the intersection of obesity and colorectal cancer. Moreover, they suggest that hormone replacement that restores GUCY2C signaling may be a novel therapeutic paradigm to prevent both hyperphagia and intestinal tumorigenesis in obesity.
A data driven scheduling approach for power management on HPC systems

Modern schedulers running on HPC systems traditionally consider the number of resources and the time requested for each job that is to be executed when making scheduling decisions. Until recently this has been sufficient, however as systems get larger, other metrics like power consumption become necessary to ensure system stability. In this paper, we propose a data driven scheduling approach for controlling the power consumption of the entire system under any user defined budget. Here, “data driven” means that our approach actively observes, analyzes, and assesses power behaviors of the system and user jobs to guide scheduling decisions for power management. This design is based on the key observation that HPC jobs have distinct power profiles. Our work contains an empirical analysis of workload power characteristics on a production system, dynamic learner to estimate the job power profile for scheduling, and an online power-aware scheduler for managing the overall system power. Using real workload traces, we demonstrate that our design effectively controls system power consumption while minimizing the impact on system utilization.
Significant Linear Hotspot Discovery

Given a spatial network and a collection of activities (e.g., pedestrian fatality reports, crime reports), Significant Linear Hotspot Discovery (SLHD) finds all shortest paths in the spatial network where the concentration of activities is statistically significantly high. SLHD is important for societal applications in transportation safety or public safety such as finding paths with significant concentrations of accidents or crimes. SLHD is challenging because 1) there are a potentially large number of candidate paths ( $\sim10^{16}$ ) in a given dataset with millions of activities and road network nodes and 2) test statistic (e.g., density ratio) is not monotonic. Hotspot detection approaches on euclidean space (e.g., SaTScan) may miss significant paths since a large fraction of an area bounded by shapes in euclidean space for activities on a path will be empty. Previous network-based approaches consider only paths between road intersections but not activities. This paper proposes novel models and algorithms for discovering statistically significant linear hotspots using the algorithms of neighbor node filter, shortest path tree pruning, and Monte Carlo speedup. We present case studies comparing the proposed approaches with existing techniques on real data. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithms yield substantial computational savings without reducing result quality.
Fast motion deblurring using gyroscopes and strong edge prediction

This paper presents a fast deblurring algorithm to remove camera motion blur from a single photograph using built-in gyroscopes and strong edge prediction. An inaccurate blur kernel or point spread function (PSF) usually leads to an unsatisfying restored result. Hence, we propose a robust three-phase method for accurate PSF estimation. In the first stage, we utilize the embedded gyroscopes to compute a coarse version of the PSF from the camera's angular velocity during an exposure. In order to reduce the execution time of the later PSF modification, we introduce a patch selection procedure in the second stage to choose a suitable region from the blurry image based on the size of the coarse PSF estimated in stage one. The third phase aims to modify the coarse PSF to obtain an accurate one by predicting strong edges from an estimated latent image. In our experiments, we compare the restoration performance of several state-of-the-art approaches including ours and find that the proposed method outperforms others qualitatively as well as quantitatively. In addition, our method is also compared with the multi-scale approach without gyroscope data and shows shorter processing time and comparable deblurring quality. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that combines the sensor-aided method with the image-based approach to estimate the blur kernel.
Escalating Single Doses of PF-05230907 (Recombinant Factor Xa Variant FXaI16L) Are Safe and Demonstrate Hemostatic Pharmacology in Healthy Volunteers

Abstract PF-05230907 (FXaI16L) is a zymogen-like variant of recombinant activated coagulation factor X (FXa), which is more resistant to inactivation by plasma protease inhibitors (compared to endogenous FXa). Previous studies showed that its cofactor, Factor Va (FVa), facilitates its transition to an active conformation, promoting hemostatic activity. The properties of PF-05230907 are consistent with its use as a short acting hemostatic agent to control bleeding and it currently is in clinical development for treatment of individuals with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We conducted a Phase 1 First-in-Human study to determine if single escalating doses of PF-05230907 were safe and tolerable and to characterize pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD). The study was conducted in healthy adult volunteers aged 18-35 years with no risk factors for thrombosis and was approved by the local ethics committee. Subjects were assigned to one of six ascending single dose cohorts, each with 2 placebo treated subjects and 6 subjects treated with PF-05230907 (0.1, 0.3, 1, 2, 3, or 5 µg/kg). Assessments included safety monitoring, PD, PK, and immunogenicity testing. All placebo treated subjects were to be included in the safety and PD analyses. All PF-05230907 treated subjects were to be included in the safety, PK and PD analyses. Forty-nine male subjects were enrolled after informed consent. One subject from the 2 µg/kg cohort received less than 80% of the planned PF-05230907 dose and was replaced. This subject was included in the safety analysis, but excluded in PK and PD analysis. PF-05230907 exhibited a fast clearance rate with a terminalhalf-life of approximately 4 minutes. Exposure of PF-05230907 appeared to increase proportionally with dose. Treatment-related PD changes were observed for activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), thrombin-anti-thrombin III complexes, prothrombin fragment 1+2, D-dimer and thrombin generation assay (lag time and peak thrombin). PF-05230907 was safe and well tolerated at all dose levels tested with no dose limiting toxicity. There were no serious adverse events. One subject treated with PF-05230907 had a weak and transient non-neutralizing anti-drug antibody response, which did not cross react with native FX or native FXa. PF-05230907 was safe and tolerated and exhibited pharmacologic effect in healthy adults when administered at doses up to 5 µg/kg. The safety profile, PK, and PD observed in this study support further development of PF-05230907 for hemostatic treatment in individuals with acute hemorrhagic conditions. Disclosures Arkin: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Hua: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Kantaridis: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Li: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Parsons-Rich: Pfizer Inc: Employment. Pittman: Pfizer: Employment.
Biochemical Measurements of Free Opsin in Macular Degeneration Eyes: Examining the 11-CIS Retinal Deficiency Hypothesis of Delayed Dark Adaptation (An American Ophthalmological Society Thesis).

PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that delayed dark adaptation in patients with macular degeneration is due to an excess of free unliganded opsin (apo-opsin) and a deficiency of the visual chromophore, 11-cis retinal, in rod outer segments. METHODS A total of 50 human autopsy eyes were harvested from donors with and without macular degeneration within 2-24 hrs. postmortem. Protocols were developed which permitted dark adaptation of normal human eyes after death and enucleation. Biochemical methods of purifying rod outer segments were optimized and the concentration of rhodopsin and apo-opsin was measured with UV-visible scanning spectroscopy. The presence of apo-opsin was calculated by measuring the difference in the rhodopsin absorption spectra before and after the addition of 11-cis retinal. RESULTS A total of 20 normal eyes and 16 eyes from donors with early, intermediate and advanced stages of macular degeneration were included in the final analysis. Dark adaptation was achieved by harvesting whole globes in low light, transferring into dark (light-proof) canisters and dissecting the globes using infrared light and image converters for visualization. Apo-opsin was readily detected in positive controls after the addition of 11-cis retinal. Normal autopsy eyes showed no evidence of apo-opsin. Eyes with macular degeneration also showed no evidence of apo-opsin, regardless of the severity of disease. CONCLUSIONS Methods have been developed to study dark adaptation in human autopsy eyes. Eyes with age-related macular degeneration do not show a deficiency of 11-cis retinal or an excess of apo-opsin within rod outer segments.
“Well, You Can’t Force Them”: Altercasting in the Home Health Care Context

Home health aides are often low-paid, low-status workers, performing their job in an isolated and interpersonally complex environment. This study, made up of semistructured interviews with 36 home ...
Regulation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex during the aerobic/anaerobic transition in the development of the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum

The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC) occupies a pivotal position in the novel, anaerobic, mitochondrial metabolism of the parasitic nematode, Ascaris suum (Kita, 1992; Komuniecki and Komuniecki, 1995). Adult ascarid muscle mitochondria use unsaturated organic acids, instead of oxygen, as terminal electron-acceptors and acetate, propionate, succinate, and the 2-methyl branched-chain fatty acids, 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate, accumulate as end products of carbohydrate metabolism. The tricarboxylic acid cycle is not operative and the NADH-dependent reductions of fumarate and 2-methyl branched-chain enoyl CoAs are coupled to site 1, electron-transport associated energy-generation (Kita, 1992; Ma et al., 1993). Most importantly, from the perspective of pyruvate metabolism, intramitochondrial NADH/NAD+ and acyl CoA/CoA ratios appear to be dramatically elevated, when compared to the corresponding aerobic organelles, and serve as the driving force for the reversal of β–oxidation and the synthesis of branched-chain fatty acids (Kita, 1992; Komuniecki and Komuniecki, 1995). Therefore, it was initially surprising to find a functional PDC and PDHa kinase in these organelles, given the potential for these elevated ratios to reduce PDC activity, either through end product inhibition or stimulation of PDHa kinase and its subsequent phosphorylation and inactivation of the complex. In fact, the PDC is significantly overexpressed in adult ascarid muscle mitochondria and is present in amounts substantially greater than those reported from other eukaryotic sources (Song and Komuniecki, 1994; Thissen et al., 1986). Not surprisingly, both its subunit composition and regulatory properties differ significantly from complexes isolated from aerobic tissues.
Fertility and Reproductive Performance of Grouped Male Mice

Reproductive failures are reported to be commonplace among mammals in nature. Agents responsible for these failures can be divided conveniently into two classes depending on their relation to population density. Thus, in Great Britain workers (Brambell, 1942, 1944; Brambell and Mills, 1944, 1947a, b; and Allen et al., 1947) studying reproduction in wild rabbits found that approximately 60 per cent of all “litters” in a series collected were completely lost in utero. These workers, in general, favored a genetical explanation. Conaway and coworkers (1960) suggested that a high incidence of “total litter resorption” in swamp rabbits (Sylvilagus aquaticus) which followed sudden flooding of the habitat and resultant overcrowding was induced by an “adrenal stress syndrome.” The same process of intrauterine resorption of embryos and fetuses has been found in varying degree among other species of wild mammals (Perry, 1945; Snyder and Christian, 1960; Snyder, 1962; Newson, 1966).
Predicting Personality Stability Across the Life Span: The Role of Competence and Work and Family Commitments

Longitudinal studies suggest modest continuity in personality from adolescence to early adulthood and greater continuity over successive periods during the adult years. However, individual differences in personality stability do exist. We discuss potential sources of personality change, especially as they relate to development, role assumption and commitment, and loss of roles and commitments. Then, using data from the Intergenerational Studies, we employ measures of competence and of work and family commitments, assessed both in high school and adulthood, to predict personality stability from high school to early and late adulthood. Results indicate that personality stability can be successfully predicted with such measures. Greater personality stability is found for those determined to be more “planfully competent,” but additional family and work role variables also increase predictive power, in some instances. Using two alternate measures of competence—one from the California Q-sort and the other from the California Psychological Inventory—we replicated the finding that men with more disorderly careers show less personality stability, and that women who have experienced more divorces show less personality stability.
Special Subsets of the Real Line

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some peculiar sets of real numbers and some of the methods for obtaining them. Bernstein constructed a set of reals of cardinality the continuum, which is neither disjoint from nor contains an uncountable closed set. His construction used transfinite induction and the fact that every uncountable closed set has cardinality the continuum. A set of reals is meager if it is the countable union of nowhere dense sets. A set of reals is comeager if it is the complement of a meager set. The Baire category theorem says that no complete metric space is meager in itself. Assuming the continuum hypothesis, there is a set of reals of cardinality the continuum that has countable intersection with every measure zero set. A set of reals X has universal measure zero if for all measures μ on the Borel sets, there is a Borel set of μ-measure zero covering X. The existence of uncountable sets of universal measure zero and uncountable perfectly meager sets does not require any axioms beyond the usual Zermelo–Fraenkel with the axiom of choice. There exists a set of reals X of cardinality ω 1 which has universal measure zero and is perfectly meager.
A system for generating storyline visualizations using hierarchical task network planning

Abstract Existing storyline visualization techniques present narratives as a node-link graph where a sequence of links shows the evolution of causal and temporal relationships between characters in the narrative. These techniques make a number of simplifying assumptions about the narrative structure, however. They assume that all narratives progress linearly in time, with a well-defined beginning, middle, and end. They assume that the narrative is complete prior to visualization. They also assume that at least two participants interact at every event. Finally, they assume that all events in the narrative occur along a single timeline. Thus, while existing techniques are suitable for visualizing linear narratives, they are not well suited for visualizing narratives with multiple timelines, non-linear narratives such as those with flashbacks, or for narratives that contain events with only one participant. In our previous work we presented Yarn, a system for automatic construction and visualization of narratives with multiple timelines. Yarn employs hierarchical task network planning to generate all possible narrative timelines and visualize them in a web-based interface. In this work, we extend Yarn to support non-linear narratives with flashbacks and flash-forwards, and non-linear point-of-view narratives. Our technique supports both single-participant as well as multi-participant events in the narrative, and constructs both linear as well as non-linear narratives. Additionally, it enables pairwise comparison within a group of multiple narrative timelines.
Paying Attention to Inattentive Survey Respondents

Does attentiveness matter in survey responses? Do more attentive survey participants give higher quality responses? Using data from a recent online survey that identified inattentive respondents using instructed-response items, we demonstrate that ignoring attentiveness provides a biased portrait of the distribution of critical political attitudes and behavior. We show that this bias occurs in the context of both typical closed-ended questions and in list experiments. Inattentive respondents are common and are more prevalent among the young and less educated. Those who do not pass the trap questions interact with the survey instrument in distinctive ways: they take less time to respond; are more likely to report nonattitudes; and display lower consistency in their reported choices. Inattentiveness does not occur completely at random and failing to properly account for it may lead to inaccurate estimates of the prevalence of key political attitudes and behaviors, of both sensitive and more prosaic nature.
Hypertension in Potocki-Shaffer syndrome: A case report

Potocki-Shaffer syndrome (PSS) is a rare contiguous gene deletion syndrome caused by heterozygous deletion of 11p11.2p12. Typical features described in patients with PSS include developmental delay, intellectual disability, multiple cartilaginous exostoses, biparietal foramina, craniofacial abnormalities, and genitourinary anomalies. While hypertension has been noted in three patients with PSS, it has not been described in most patients with this syndrome. This report details the evaluation and treatment of a teenager with PSS who presented on several occasions during childhood with elevated blood pressure measurements. The renin level was elevated, likely indicating a secondary cause for the HTN. The patient's BP responded to monotherapy with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor (ACEI).