cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Theoretical and Perceptual Market Values for Fresh Squeezed Orange Juice

This study measures product differentiation effects from observing the fresh orange juice being squeezed on the willingness to pay for a glass of fresh juice. Both the Westendorp price sensitivity meter and a hypothetical choice experiment are used to estimate consumer willingness to pay. Results from the hypothetical choice model indicated when participants observed the process of squeezing fresh oranges to make juice, they were statistically willing to pay higher values not only for the fresh squeezed orange juice, but other types of orange juices as well. The van Westendorp method failed to pick up significant differences in willingness to pay for fresh, or other, juices. This may be due to the lack of theoretical grounding and incentive compatibility, leading to underestimating the value of the fresh squeezed orange juice.
On the correlation of area-extensive measurement of fractional area whitecap coverage with microwave brightness temperatures

On August 21, 2007, while mounted in a U.S. Navy P3 aircraft, the Naval Research Laboratorypsilas Airborne Polarimetric Microwave Imaging Radiometer (APMIR) and the University of Washingtonpsilas FoamCam recorded microwave and video images of the sea surface in the Gulf of Mexico as a function of distance from the eye of Hurricane Dean. From a working altitude of 6.1 km, the FoamCam sea surface optical imagery determined sea state, including presence of whitecaps, while APMIR measured the ocean surface brightness temperature at bands from 6.6 GHz to 37 GHz. The specific brightness temperatures measured were 6.6 VH, 6.8 VH, 7.2 VH, 10.7 V and full polarimetric data at 19.35 and 37 GHz. Collocated nearly cotemporaneous data from both SSM/I and WindSat satellite radiometer overpasses were available, as were oceanographic and meteorological data from National Buoy Data Center buoys. As an initial result from the analysis of these datasets, this paper provides a comparison of the APMIR-measured brightness temperatures with those measured by SSM/I and WindSat. The APMIR data and the surface video imagery is also used to investigate the relationship between linearly polarized microwave brightness temperatures and whitecap coverage. Future analysis directions for this data are discussed at the end of the paper.
Ultralinear negative resistance using two complementary junction transistors

Two new negative-resistance circuits based on a pnp–npn analogue of a pnpn structure are described. Both offer ultralinear, although asymmetric, regions of negative resistance. Analytical equations describing both the voltage-controlled and current-controlled i/v characteristics are given. For an ideal transistor the dynamic input resistance for both configurations is equal to the negative of the load resistance.
Modeling Jet Engine Aerosols in the Postcombustor Flow Path and Sampling System

Aircraft emissions contribute to climate change in the atmosphere and air pollution in the neighborhood of airports. Assessment of the magnitude of the environmental impact of these emissions calls for the combined use of measurements and modeling studies. This paper addresses the use of a computational-fluid-dynamics-based modeling and simulation tool that accounts for and integrates fluid dynamics, chemistry, and particle microphysics relevant to aircraft emissions. The models include sulfate and nitrate aerosol precursors, thermophoresis, coagulation, nucleation, soot activation, condensation/evaporation, and interaction between the gaseous species and theparticles.Thecurrentcapabilitiesaredemonstratedbytheresultsofseveralapplications:the firststageofahighpressureturbine,thesamplingprobes,thesamplinglines,andapressure-reductionchamber.Theyindicatethatthis modelingandsimulationtoolcanbeusedtocomplementtheexperimentalstudiesaswellastoassistthedevelopment of sampling and measurement methodology for particle emissions.
TOWARD AUTOMATED HOLISTIC BEAT TRACKING, MUSIC ANALYSIS, AND UNDERSTANDING

Most music processing attempts to focus on one particular feature or structural element such as pitch, beat location, tempo, or genre. This hierarchical approach, in which music is separated into elements that are analyzed independently, is convenient for the scientific researcher, but is at odds with intuition about music perception. Music is interconnected at many levels, and the interplay of melody, harmony, and rhythm are important in perception. As a first step toward more holistic music analysis, music structure is used to constrain a beat tracking program. With structural information, the simple beat tracker, working with audio input, shows a large improvement. The implications of this work for other music analysis problems are discussed.
Solid Freeform Fabrication of Ceramics Using Selective Laser Sintering and Selective Area Laser Deposition

Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF) is a new computer fabrication technique that does not require any part specific tooling. The starting material can be either solid, liquid or gaseous. The part can be made from metallic, ceramic, polymeric or a composite material. The concept is to use a solid modeling system to define the part of interest and to reduce the model to a set of toggle point data that totally define the geometry. In Selective Laser Sintering the sectioned component is then combined with a rastered laser system that impinges on the precursor powder materials in a layered reconstruction of the three dimensional CAD designed part. The part is then formed in this manner. This approach to producing the part involves a great deal of understanding of the laser materials interactions, the appropriate choice of materials specific to this processing and how the total process integrates. Application to ceramic powders will be described. An alternative approach to SFF is Selective Area Laser Deposition where the three dimensional part is made from the gas phase. The initial gas deposition studies involving deposition of carbon from hydrocarbons will be discussed. For both of the above SFF approaches the laser beam powder and gas phase interactions and the microstructure of the resulting three dimensional forms as a function of system parameters will be described.
Globalization from Below: AIDWA, Foreign Funding, and Gendering Anti-Violence Campaigns

Social movements and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) fight on the frontlines of neoliberal development policies for their constituencies and for their own survival. These groups proximity to neoliberalism through their funding sources and decision-making structures has come under increasing scrutiny marked by the critical description of their "NGOization." This globalization from below into the fabric of grassroots resistance marks an important site of departure for one national womens organization the All India Democratic Womens Association (AIDWA). Member-sustained and independent from outside donor funding but deeply marked by World Bank/International Monetary Fund development demands AIDWA sheds light on those organizational forms that refuse to compromise their goals even as they recognize changing political conditions. This paper looks at their analysis and politics to combat violence against women an approach that never wholly leaves its local battles against domestic violence even as it directly implicates neoliberal capitalism in womens intimate relationships with violence. (authors)
Interpreting Artificial Neural Networks for Microwave Detection of Breast Cancer

This letter demonstrates the applicability of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to breast cancer detection. A simplified model of the breast containing a tumor was used to determine the scattering of electromagnetic waves in the microwave band. This data was used to train an ANN which was then tested on new data to predict the presence or absence of a tumor. Synthetic variation (noise) is added to the data to realistically model the breast.
A concise ring-expansion route to the compact core of platensimycin.

using a novel antibiotic assay approach. Characterization revealed a unique compact core connected to a highly oxygenated and unusual aromatic ring through a propionate tether. Platensimycin has a novel mechanism of action, inhibiting the b-ketoacyl-(acyl carrier protein) synthase (FabF) in the bacterial fatty acid synthetic pathway. Several new members of this class have since been reported. These differ only in functionalization of the carboxylate terminus. This attractive natural product target has also encouraged researchers to engineer strains to improve its production. Despite a flurry of synthetic activity, only two groups have completed the total syntheses of platensimycin (1). All other reported efforts have focused on constructing the platensimycin core 3. To highlight the diversity of these synthetic approaches we have chosen to emphasize the last bond formed to complete the platensimycin core as reported by each research group (Figure 2). Recently, a series of derivatives obtained by modifying platensimycin have been reported. Alternatively, several research groups have developed analogues of platensimycin, some of which were equipotent with the natural product. These results bode well for analogue approaches utilizing diverted total synthetic strategies. We envisioned a concise retrosynthetic plan for the total synthesis of platensimycin (Scheme 1). Platensic acid (2) was our immediate target as it serves later as the branch point for accessing all the other members of this natural product family. We proposed that 2 could be accessed from 4 by a retro-
Second-Order Linear Elliptic Equations

Solutions of elliptic equations represent steady-state solutions; i.e., solutions which do not vary with time. They often describe the asymptotic states achieved by solutions of time-dependent problems, as t → ∞. Physically speaking, all the “rough spots” smooth out by the time this steady state is achieved.
High rate capacity retention of binder-free, tin oxide nanowire arrays using thin titania and alumina coatings

This paper reports the use of thin titania or alumina coatings on tin oxide nanowire arrays for high cyclability electrodes for lithium-ion batteries. We demonstrate that such coatings can significantly reduce irreversible capacity loss associated with the formation of a solid electrolyte interface and improve the capacity retention at high rates. Specifically, tin oxide nanowires grown on stainless steel substrates were conformally coated with thin films of either titania or alumina using atomic layer deposition and were tested as anodes in coin cells. Both titania and alumina coatings resulted in no initial capacity loss due to solid electrolyte interface formation in the first cycle. Tin oxide nanowire array electrodes coated with 5 nm thick titania layer and 1 nm thick alumina layer retained capacities of 767 and 725 mA h g−1 after 30 cycles using current density of 700 mA g−1. Both electrodes retained capacity around 664 mA h g−1 after 30 cycles using a current density of 1500 mA g−1, respectively. The results indicate that thin coatings acted as mechanical shells preserving the electrode nanostructure morphology necessary for high capacity retention. The study also showed that within the first two cycles, tin migrates out forming nanoclusters on the surface of nanowires due to both stress enhanced diffusion and the Kirkendall effect. The presence of tin nanoclusters on the surface of protective layers further enhances high rate capability.
Whatever it Takes: Health Compromising Behaviors in Female Athletes

The power and performance model of sport stresses a sport ethic of doing “whatever it takes” to win (Coakley, 2004). Uncritical acceptance of this model may lead to various health-compromising behaviors. Employing achievement goal theory, we examine why female athletes may adopt the power and performance approach. An ego motivational climate and a strong social approval goal orientation may encourage girls and women to engage in unhealthy and risky behaviors in pursuit of success. Athletes in an ego-involving climate may be at risk of using their bodies as a machine, unhealthy eating, and steroid use. Athletes with a strong social approval orientation may engage in unhealthy behaviors, such as binge drinking and hazing, in their quest for acceptance by teammates, coaches, and parents.
Influence of ENSO on Flood Frequency along the California Coast

Abstract The influence of the El Nino–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon on flooding in California coastal streams is investigated by analyzing the annual peak floods recorded at 38 gauging stations. The state of ENSO prior to and during flooding is characterized by the multivariate ENSO index (MEI), where MEI 0.5 as the El Nino phase. Flood magnitude in all 20 streams located south of 35°N has a significant positive correlation (r = 0.3 to 0.6), whereas in 3 of the 4 streams located north of 41°N flood magnitude has a significant negative correlation (r = −0.3 to −0.4), with MEI from −2.2 to +3.2. Correlations with MEI are uniformly weak and insignificant, however, when the floods are subdivided into El Nino and non–El Nino phases. A comparison of the geometric mean El Nino flood to the geometric mean non–El Nino flood determined that the means were statistically different at gauging stations south of 35°N and north of 41°N. For 20 streams located sout...
Perceived facial expressions of emotion as motivational incentives: evidence from a differential implicit learning paradigm.

Participants (N 216) were administered a differential implicit learning task during which they were trained and tested on 3 maximally distinct 2nd-order visuomotor sequences, with sequence color serving as discriminative stimulus. During training, 1 sequence each was followed by an emotional face, a neutral face, and no face, using backward masking. Emotion (joy, surprise, anger), face gender, and exposure duration (12 ms, 209 ms) were varied between participants; implicit motives were assessed with a picture–story exercise. For power-motivated individuals, low-dominance facial expressions enhanced and high-dominance expressions impaired learning. For affiliation-motivated individuals, learning was impaired in the context of hostile faces. These findings did not depend on explicit learning of fixed sequences or on awareness of sequence–face contingencies.
Genetic algorithm optimization applied to electromagnetics: a review

Genetic algorithms are on the rise in electromagnetics as design tools and problem solvers because of their versatility and ability to optimize in complex multimodal search spaces. This paper describes the basic genetic algorithm and recounts its history in the electromagnetics literature. Also, the application of advanced genetic operators to the field of electromagnetics is described, and design results are presented for a number of different applications.
Assessment of behavioral and affective symptoms in Alzheimer's disease.

Noncognitive behavioral symptoms occurring during the prior week were studied in 34 Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and 21 spousal control subjects via caregiver and patient interviews using the Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Rating Scale and the Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia. Delusional or paranoid features were reported in 13 subjects (38%) and hallucinations in six (18%); patients with these psychoticlike symptoms had lower scores on the Folstein's Mini-Mental State Examination. Other behavioral symptoms reported in AD patients included anxiety (50%) and activity disturbances (44%). Six AD subjects (18%) and two controls (10%) showed mild to moderate symptoms of depression ; AD subjects were more likely than controls to show behavioral signs and symptoms of depression, but the two groups did not differ in terms of mood-related, cyclical, or physical signs and symptoms. (J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol 1990;3:21-30).
Belatacept: A Novel Biologic for Maintenance Immunosuppression After Renal Transplantation

In the past decade, the availability of new immunosuppressive maintenance therapies for use in solid organ transplantation has remained limited. Patients and clinicians have relied on immunosuppressive drugs that require a significant amount of therapeutic monitoring and are associated with a variety of adverse effects that affect both quality of life and allograft function. Belatacept is an investigational intravenous biologic agent for long-term use in renal transplant recipients. The costimulatory pathway (signal 2) of T-cell activation and proliferation is produced by stimulation of the T-cell surface marker, CD28, and is essential to the immune system's cellular response and ability to recognize an allograft as foreign. Belatacept is a potent antagonist of B7-1 (CD80) and B7-2 (CD86) ligands present on antigen-presenting cells that are responsible for activation of CD28. Recent phase III trials describe various dosing strategies of belatacept versus a standard cyclosporine protocol in recipients of both living- and deceased-donor renal transplants, as well as in patients receiving kidneys transplanted from extended-criteria donors. Compared with cyclosporine, belatacept has been shown to be noninferior in both patient and allograft survival rates. However, the rate of biopsy-proven acute cellular rejection occurred more frequently in the belatacept groups. Also, compared with standard calcineurin-based regimens, the risk of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder is increased in patients receiving belatacept, with the greatest risk in transplant recipients who are Epstein-Barr virus seronegative before transplantation. However, this investigational immunosuppressive agent may avert common adverse effects experienced with standard immunosuppressive protocols including renal dysfunction, metabolic disorders, neurotoxicities, glucose abnormalities, and cosmetic effects. More data on the long-term risks of belatacept are needed to better define its role as immunosuppressive maintenance therapy. Aside from an increased risk of malignancy, belatacept's limited adverse-effect profile and convenient dosing strategy may make it an attractive option for immuno-suppressive maintenance for both the patient and clinician.
Approaches to the study of N-linked glycoproteins in human plasma using lectin affinity chromatography and nano-HPLC coupled to electrospray linear ion trap--Fourier transform mass spectrometry.

In this publication, we will describe the combination of lectin affinity chromatography with nano high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to a linear ion trap Fourier transform mass spectrometer (capillary LC-LTQ/FTMS) to characterize N-linked glycosylation structures in human plasma proteins. We used a well-characterized glycoprotein, tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA), which is present at low levels in blood, as a standard to determine the dynamic range of this approach. N-linked glycopeptides derived from rt-PA could be characterized at a ratio of 1:200 in human plasma (rtPA: total plasma protein, w/w) by accurate mass measurement in the FTMS and fragmentation (MS n ) in the linear ion trap. We demonstrated that this platform has the potential to characterize the general N-linked glycosylation structures of abundant glycoproteins present in human plasma without the requirement for antibody-based purification, or additional carbohydrate analytical protocols. This conclusion was supported by the determination of carbohydrate structures for three glycoproteins, IgG, haptoglobin, and alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, at their natural levels in a human plasma sample, but only after the lectin enrichment step.
The Politics of Rescuing the World's Financial System: The Federal Reserve as a Global Lender of Last Resort

During the financial crisis of 2007-10, the Federal Reserve (Fed) served as a global lender of last resort by establishing currency swap agreements with 14 central banks, including several in East Asia, to provide dollar liquidity to banks in foreign jurisdictions. These agreements were controversial internationally because the Fed selectively established swaps with some central banks and not others, raising concerns about access to the Fed’s dollar-creating facilities. Within the U.S. Congress, the swaps were controversial because they appeared to be a new and unauthorized form of foreign aid. I analyze both the Fed’s decision to establish swap lines with certain central banks and the congressional response to these arrangements. I find that the Fed was more likely to establish swaps with central banks whose jurisdictions were important to U.S. commercial banks, suggesting that the Fed discriminated in ways that served U.S. interests. I also analyze subsequent congressional voting on legislation that would enhance the Fed’s transparency with respect to its transactions with foreign central banks. I find that campaign contributions from commercial banks significantly reduce the likelihood that a representative voted “yes” on the bill. I also find that right-wing representatives were far more likely than their left-wing peers to support this bill, which suggests that new coalitions are forming on the role of the Fed in the (global) economy.
Optimal algorithms for the vertex updating problem of a minimum spanning tree

The vertex updating problem for a minimum spanning tree (MST) is defined as follows: Given a graph G=(V,E/sub G/) and its MST T, update T when a new vertex z is introduced along with weighted edges that connect z with the vertices of G. The authors present a set of rules that, together with a valid tree-contraction schedule are used to produce simple optimal parallel algorithms that run in O(log n) parallel time using n/lgn EREW PRAMs where n= mod V mod . These rules can also be used to derive simple linear-time sequential algorithms for the same problem. It is also shown how this solution can be used to solve the multiple vertex updating problem: Update a given MST when k new vertices are introduced simultaneously. This problem is solved in O(lgk.lgn) parallel time using /sub lgk.lgn//sup k.n/ EREW PRAM processors. >
Cross-Level Cultural Congruence: Implications For Managing Diversity In Multinational Corporations

Few models view culture as a multi-level construct and limited diversity management theories capture the significance of the configuration of individual, organizational, and national culture differences on employee and organizational outcomes. This paper seeks to bridge this gap by presenting a conceptual model that suggests that the interplay between this triad of cultural entities (individual, organizational, and national) influences the degree of cultural congruence that ultimately affects individual and organizational outcomes. Figures that serve as explanations of these cultural configurations are presented and implications for diversity management research and practice are offered.
Enhanced energy capture by a vertical axis wind turbine during gusty winds in an urban/suburban environment

Wind resource maps of annual-averaged wind speeds, typically used in the siting of wind turbines and wind farms, can grossly underpredict the actual wind energy potential in areas with highly transient or gusty winds. The goal of the present study is to quantify the additional energy capable of being harvested by a small vertical axis wind turbine using control strategies that exploit the excess energy in wind gusts. A transient-response numerical model is utilized with input from actual wind data acquired by cup-vane and sonic anemometers located in both an urban and suburban area. The total energy captured by the turbine during the year 2013, along with its overall efficiency, was determined for two different control strategies: constant rotational speed (ω) controller and ideal tip speed ratio (TSR) controller. For the case of the constant ω controller, the turbine achieves maximum efficiency when it is operated at an optimal overspeed setting, ωopt. Results indicate that ωopt can be estimated from the...
Chapter 2 The Protoberberine Alkaloids

Publisher Summary This chapter presents an overview of protoberberine alkaloids. The protoberberine alkaloids are widely distributed, occurring in at least eight botanical families. They occur most frequently in the various genera of the Papaveraceae but are also well represented in the Berberaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rutaceae, and Annonaceae families. Introduction of an alkyl group at the C-13 position of the protoberberine ring system is readily accomplished by direct alkylation of either the 8-acetonyl base or the dihydro derivative of the appropriate alkaloid. Reduction of the resulting salt, usually without isolation, affords the corresponding epimeric 13-methyltetrahydro bases. The alkaloids berlambine and lambertine, isolated from B. lambertii are oxyberberine and dihydroberberine, respectively. The presence of oxyberberine has been noted to occur in other Berberis species, whereas dihydroberberine is so far unique to B. lambertii. In this chapter, alkaloids related to corydaline are described. Stereochemistry of corydaline and related alkaloids is discussed. Biosynthesis of Berberine and related alkaloids is also discussed.
Structural Studies of Copper Sulfide Film Growth: Influence of Humidity

Copper is a critical material in electrical components and is subject to atmospheric sulfidation. This study characterized the product formed when Cu is exposed to a dilute (50-200ppb) H2S atmosphere at low (0.5%) to high (80%) relative humidity (RH). An important observation was that the Cu2S growth rate for long times is significantly higher for sulfides formed at low RH compared to high RH. In addition, it was found that for both low and high RH sulfidation, copper reacts to form the low chalcocite phase (Cu2S) as identified by x-ray and electron diffraction. Cross-section and plan-view TEM revealed that the Cu2S grains formed at high RH are 20-50 nm in size with a large amount of porosity, whereas the grains formed at low RH are 75-150+ nm and appear to undergo grain growth with little porosity as the film thickens.
Individual Differences in Digital Badging: Do Learner Characteristics Matter?:

Badge use has rapidly expanded in recent years and has benefited a variety of applications. However, a large portion of the research has applied a binary useful or not useful approach to badging. Few studies examine the characteristics of the user and the impact of those characteristics on the effectiveness of the badging system. This study takes preliminary steps toward that cause, examining the effectiveness of a badging system across two web-based university courses in relation to the individual differences of the learners. Individual differences are examined through the lens of Long–Dziuban reactive behavior types and traits. Results revealed differences in badge effectiveness that were dependent upon students’ Long–Dziuban categorization. Student engagement, intrinsic motivation, reflective and integrative learning, and higher order learning were the constructs most dependent upon categorization. Additional results and their implications are discussed within.
Two solitudes

I have spent much of the last fifteen years trying to build bridges between the two solitudes of computing: academic researchers on the one side, and working developers on the other. These efforts have largely failed, but have done so in interesting ways. This talk will explore why the wide gulf between research and practice persists, and outline a new plan for trying to narrow it based on scurvy, smoking, and statistics.
Thermal conductivity of Si 1 − x Ge x /Si 1 − y Ge y superlattices: Competition between interfacial and internal scattering

We investigate thermal transport in Si/Ge and Si${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Ge${}_{x}$/Si${}_{1\ensuremath{-}y}$Ge${}_{y}$ alloy superlattices based on solving the single-mode phonon Boltzmann transport equation in the relaxation-time approximation and with full phonon dispersions. We derive an effective interface scattering rate that depends both on the interface roughness (captured by a wave-vector-dependent specularity parameter) and on the efficiency of internal scattering mechanisms (mass-difference and phonon-phonon scattering). We provide compact expressions for the calculations of in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivities in superlattices. Our numerical results accurately capture both the observed increase in thermal conductivity as the superlattice period increases and the in-plane vs cross-plane anisotropy of thermal conductivity. Owing to the combined effect of interface and internal scattering, an alloy/alloy superlattice has a lower thermal conductivity than bulk SiGe with the same alloy composition. Thermal conductivity can be minimized by growing short-period alloy/alloy superlattices or Si/Si${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Ge${}_{x}$ superlattices with the SiGe layer thicker than the Si one.
SEX DIFFERENCES IN ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSM EXPANSION

Male sex is a risk factor for abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), while women are at higher risk of aneurysm rupture than men. Whether risk factors of aneurysm expansion differ between women and men are unclear. We studied 650 patients with AAA [mean age 70±8 years, mean (SE) baseline size: 3.69 (0.
Bleeding and clotting in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a relatively common inherited vascular disorder that was first described in 1864, and is notable for epistaxis, telangiectasia, and arterial venous malformations. While genetic tests are available, the diagnosis remains clinical, and is based on the Curacao criteria. Patients with HHT are at increased risk for both bleeding and clotting events. Because of these competing complications, hematologists are often faced with difficult clinical decisions. While the majority of management decisions revolve around bleeding complications, it is not infrequent for these patients to require anticoagulation for thrombosis. Any anticoagulation recommendations must take into account the bleeding risks associated with HHT. Recent reviews have found that HHT patients can be safely anticoagulated, with the most frequent complication being worsened epistaxis. Large clinical trials have shown that factor IIa and Xa inhibitors have less intracranial bleeding than warfarin, and basic coagulation research has provided a possible mechanism. This article describes the anticoagulation dilemma posed when a 62-year-old female patient with a history of bleeding events associated with HHT was diagnosed with a pulmonary embolism. The subsequent discussion focuses on the approach to anticoagulation in the HHT patient, and addresses the role of the new oral anticoagulants.
Cytochalasin B. I. Effect on cytokinesis of Novikoff hepatoma cells.

SummaryThe mold metabolite Cytochalasin B (CB inhibits cytoplasmic division (cytokinesis) while allowing nuclear division to proceed. N1S1-67 (Novikoff rat hepatoma) cells exposed to drug concentrations of 2.1 × 10-6M do not undergo cytoplasmic division, but cell volume and number of nuclei per cell increase at rates which are comparable to the rates of similar processes in controls. Incorporation of 3HTdr, 3HUdr, 3H-L-leucine and 3H choline suggest that such increases represent true nuclear and cytoplasmic growth.These results indicate that inhibition of macromolecular synthesis does not account for the action of CB. The inhibition of a process of membrane fusion is suggested as a possible mode of action of the drug.
Deposition and Characterization of Near “Intrinsic” μc-Si Films Deposited by Remote Plasma-Enhanced Chemical-Vapor Deposition - RPECVD

Undoped films of μc-Si deposited by RPECVD are n-type with a room temperature dark conductivity of ∼6×10 -4 S/cm and an activation energy of ∼0.3 eV. This is due to native donor-like defects . We report on the conductivity and photoconductivity of boron-doped μc-Si, with emphasis on low doping levels that are designed to compensate exactly these native donor-like defects. We describe the dark conductivity and the photoconductivity as functions of dark conductivity activation energy and the average boron concentration, and present a model for the photoconductivity based on band off sets between the crystalline and amorphous regions of the μc-Si.
Abstract LB-242: Oncosomes: Large bioactive particles secreted by prostate cancer cells

Proceedings: AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010‐‐ Apr 17‐21, 2010; Washington, DC Purpose of the study: Human prostate tumor cells were recently shown by our group to secrete large (0.5-10 m diameter) bioactive microvesicles capable of activating signal transduction and inducing proliferation and migration in cells in the tumor microenvironment (Di Vizio, et al. Cancer Res. 2009 69: 5601-9). These secreted particles, termed oncosomes, were shown to be vehicles for numerous signaling proteins involved in cell growth and motility. They also contain the membrane protein caveolin-1 (Cav-1), a mediator of prostate cancer (PCa) metastasis and a circulating PCa biomarker. The purpose of this study was to develop the tools to identify, isolate, sort and characterize PCa-derived oncosomes. Experimental procedures: Secreted particles from PCa cells were ultracentrifuged at 100,000xg and the pelleted material processed on a Moflo High-Speed Cell Sorter (Beckman-Coulter) and analyzed using Summit V4.3 software (Dako Colorado, Inc.). 1, 3 and 10 m bead standards (Spherotech Inc.) were used to set size gates. To avoid capturing aggregated material, forward scatter and pulse width were set at a linear scale and only single events were gated and analyzed. Sorted particles were visualized by confocal and electron microscopy. Results: Using the above procedure, we were able to retrieve intact particles of 1-10 m in diameter secreted by LNCaP cells overexpressing the oncoprotein MyrAkt1. The nontumorigenic prostate stromal cell line WPMY-1 secreted > 10-fold fewer particles in this size range. We confirmed that these were membrane-derived particles by showing that they contained MyrAkt1, which localizes to the plasma membrane. Particles in a similar size range were also sorted after purification from LNCaP cells stably expressing a Cav-1/GFP fusion protein. Sorted particles visualized microscopically appeared to be surrounded by a lipid bilayer and to have intrinsic structure that made them resistant to collapse. Particles isolated by these methods evoked degradation of FITC-labeled collagen and contained active MMP9 and MMP2, two key proteases involved in tumor cell invasion. Conclusions: The specific type of large bioactive particle we have isolated has not been previously described in any tumor system. Studies are ongoing to detect these particles in animal models of cancer and in human patients. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-242.
Modifications in the Chick Vitamin D Assay Procedure

Abstract A CONSIDERABLE amount of labor is involved in the complete removal of tissue from bone being prepared for analysis in the vitamin D assay. During the course of such work it was noted that the bone may be cleaned of adhering tissue much more easily and quickly by removing the cartilagenous epiphyses than by leaving these ends on the bone. In order to examine the effect of this procedure on the bone ash values, a series of 160 chicks on various levels of vitamin D were used in a comparison of these two methods of bone preparations. The chief purpose of this paper is to present the data obtained in this comparison. Some data on this point have been presented by St. John, Kempf, and Bond (1933) and by Harshaw, Fritz, and Titus (1934). Both these groups of workers recommend that the cartilages be removed from the bone in the . . .
Measurement of Vibration Characteristics of Power Cable Line Under Typical Laying Conditions

In order to measure and analyze the characteristics of power cable lines and hence understand the mechanism of cable defects caused by vibration, we analyzed cable lines through electromagnetic force calculation and mechanical vibration discussion, and installed acceleration sensors on cable lines with load to measure the correspondence of vibration frequency and vibration amplitude to voltage and current, as well as the variation of vibration amplitude under different laying setups. The measurement results show that the vibration amplitude increases with both the applied voltage and current, and the vibration amplitude of a cable line carrying the same current and voltage is higher in tunnel setup than in direct burial setup, and it is higher at the terminals and joints than along the cable body. According to the acquired measurement data, we proposed to protect high-voltage large-load cables from local stress concentration through adding vibration-proof pads to some key parts of the cables, including the cable parts in zigzag setup and lead seals of terminals joints.
Advances in remote sensing of the daytime ionosphere with EUV airglow

This paper summarizes recent progress in developing a method for characterizing the daytime ionosphere from limb profile measurements of the OII 83.4 nm emission. This extreme ultraviolet emission is created by solar photoionization of atomic oxygen in the lower thermosphere and is resonantly scattered by O+ in the ionosphere. The brightness and shape of the measured altitude profile thus depend on both the photoionization source in the lower thermosphere and the ionospheric densities that determine the resonant scattering contribution. This technique has greatly matured over the past decade due to measurements by the series of Naval Research Laboratory Special Sensor Ultraviolet Limb Imager (SSULI) instruments flown on Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) missions and the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) on the International Space Station. The volume of data from these missions has enabled a better approach to handling specific biases and uncertainties in both the measurement and retrieval process that affect the accuracy of the result. This paper identifies the key measurement and data quality factors that will enable the continued evolution of this technique into an advanced method for characterization of the daytime ionosphere.
Wikipedia search engine: Interactive information retrieval interface design

Wikipedia search interface was redesigned based on the literature review for this project. An initial interface was designed with interactive information retrieval features covering the aspects of search box, categories, navigation, layout and search result views. Eight randomly selected subjects tested the interface in the scenario of simulated search tasks and provided their feedback via post-task questionnaire. A redesigned search user interface was proposed based on the subjects' feedback to the initial design. The new interface is expected to meet users' search preference and will inform further IIR (Interactive Information Retrieval) interface design.
Large-signal analysis of directly modulated strongly-injection-locked whistle-geometry ring lasers

Large-signal analog modulation of a strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry semiconductor ring laser is investigated. Advantages of strong injection locking for high-fidelity large-signal modulation are confirmed through numerical modeling by comparing high-speed performance of a strongly injection-locked whistle-geometry semiconductor ring laser with that of a free-running ring laser.
Classification of Irreducible Modules for the Vertex Operator AlgebraM(1)

We classify the irreducible modules for the fixed point vertex operator subalgebra of the vertex operator algebra associated to the Heisenberg algebra with central charge 1 under the −1 automorphism.
Parataxis in Lango

Lango regularly employs a syntactic construction involving the juxtaposition of two clauses within the same sentence without any marker of subordination or coordination specifying the relation between them. This construction is referred to as the (asyndetic) paratactic construction. In this paper, we examine both the syntactic properties of this construction and its semantic properties, showing how the two interrelate. In the final section we discuss the synchronic and diachronic relation between parataxis and serialization.
A new, improved, solid-acid catalyzed process for generating linear alkylbenzenes (LABs)

Linear alkylbenzenes (LABs) comprising >80% 2-phenyl isomer content, have been prepared in high yields from detergent-range linear olefins via regioselective benzene alkylation. HF-treated mordenites, acidic Beta-zeolites, and fluorided montmorillonite clays, each provide enhanced shape-selective alkylation performance when employed as heterogeneous catalysts in the subject syntheses. Both individual C8–C12 α-olefins, as well as mixed, commercial plant-derived, C10 through C14 paraffin dehydrogenate feedstocks containing ca. 8.5% internal olefins, have been successfully alkylated for extended periods using reactive distillation technology.
Management of Symptomatic Plantar Fasciitis

Plantar fasciitis is one of the most common causes of heel pain. Plantar fasciitis occurs from increased stress on the plantar aponeurosis as a result of progressive, repetitive microtears, and degeneration. Plantar fasciitis is largely a clinical diagnosis based on clinical examination; thus using history and physical examination findings. Initial therapy involves addressing of possible modifiable disease factors. Surgical management of plantar fasciitis is considered after an unsuccessful course of nonoperative management, with open or endoscopic release. This article reviews the diagnostic and treatment management for patients with symptomatic plantar fasciitis.
Experimental validation for thermal transmittances of window shading systems with perimeter gaps

Virtually all residential and commercial windows in the U.S. have some form of window attachment, but few have been designed for energy savings. ISO 15099 presents a simulation framework to determi...
Improved Glycemic Control With Minimal Change in Medication Regimen Complexity in a Pharmacist-Endocrinologist Diabetes Intense Medical Management (DIMM) "Tune Up" Clinic.

Background: Gaining glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) usually requires more complicated medication regimens. Increased medication regimen complexity (MRC) negatively impacts a...
Case 71: A Low Normal Preoperative Blood Glucose Level

A 48-year-old obese female (160 kg, 5 ft 4 in.) presents for a laparoscopic gastric bypass procedure. She is the first patient on the list. You see her at 7 a.m. She is a noninsulin-dependent diabetic for which she takes oral antidiabetic medication. She has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Both are well controlled on medication. She states that her exercise tolerance is limited due to her weight. The EKG shows normal sinus rhythm. On further questioning she also takes ginseng (a herbal medicine) to “calm her nerves.” This morning (5 a.m.) she has taken her antihypertensive medication and a triple dose of ginseng as she is very “nervous.” On examination her chest is clear and the heart rate is 88 bpm and the BP is 140/90. You review the laboratory results and note that the electrolytes, PTT, PT, INR, and HCT are all normal. A finger stick glucose taken at 7 a.m. is 65 mg% (70–100 mg/dL). She claims that her glucose normally runs low. She confirms that has not taken her antidiabetic medication. The operation is scheduled for 4 h.
The Functional Significance of Olfactory Cues in the Pine Vole (Microtus Pinetorum)

Numerous studies have been conducted on the effects of rodent pheromones on reproduction. It appears that olfactory cues from members of the opposite sex stimulate reproduction and those from same-sex conspecifics suppress reproduction but this is not true for all species. Olfactory cues alone are ineffective in activating or suppressing reproduction in female pine voles. Female pine voles were not activated by exposure to male odors, but contact with a male resulted in uterine hypertrophy. In addition, a significantly smaller proportion of females produced litters if housed with a prospective mate and the mother but soiled bedding from the mother or family did not prevent production of litters. Although olfactory cues alone are not sufficient to activate or suppress reproduction, they are important in this species. When male and female pine voles are around weaning, they prefer to associate with familiar family odors. As they mature, their preferences change and they spend more time with olfactory cues from an opposite-sex conspecific than with odors from their family. Thus olfactory cues may be involved in dispersal from the natal nest and also in the timing of reproduction.
Hyperplasia and Pheochromocytoma, Adrenal Medulla, Rat

Adrenal medullary hyperplasia usually cannot be observed grossly, but on occasion the lesion can be seen as unilateral or, more often, bilateral enlargement of the glands. Medullary tumors may be too small to alter the gross appearance of the glands, or they may cause unilateral or bilateral enlargement. The cut surface of the medulla may have a nodular outline and may be fleshy white or reddish-brown due to an extensive vascular network in the tumor. Metastases of malignant pheochromocytomas occur rarely and are usually discovered only upon microscopic examination (Coleman et al. 1977; Anderson and Capen 1978; Goodman et al. 1979; Altman and Goodman 1979).
The role of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistance in recurrent community-onset Enterobacteriaceae urinary tract infections: a retrospective cohort study

Bacterial resistance to first line antibiotics used to treat community-onset urinary tract infections (UTIs) continues to emerge. We sought to determine the association between extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance (ESC-R) and recurrence among Enterobacteriaceae (EB) UTIs. A retrospective cohort study was performed. All patients presenting to the Emergency Departments (EDs) or outpatient practices in a large health system with EB UTIs between 2010 and 2013 were included. Exposed patients had ESC-R EB UTIs. Unexposed patients had ESC-susceptible EB UTIs and were matched to exposed patients 1:1 on study year. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between ESC-R EB UTI and time to recurrent UTI within 12 months. A total of 302 patients with an index community-onset EB UTI were included, with 151 exposed and 151 unexposed. Overall, 163 (54%) patients experienced a recurrent UTI with a median time to recurrence of 69 days (interquartile range 25–183). On multivariable analyses, ESC-resistance was associated with an increased hazard of recurrent UTI (hazard ratio [HR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.91, P = 0.04). Other variables that were independently associated with recurrence included a history of UTI prior to the index UTI and presence of a urinary catheter at the time of the index UTI. Secondarily, we found that when the treatment for the index UTI was adjusted for, there was no longer a significant association between ESC-R status and time to recurrent UTI (aHR 1.26, 95% CI 0.91–1.76, P = 0.17). Community-onset UTI due to EB demonstrating ESC-resistance is associated with a significantly increased hazard of recurrent UTI within 12 months compared to ESC-susceptible EB, even after adjusting for baseline factors that predispose patients to UTI recurrence. This association appears to be driven primarily by delayed or inappropriate treatment for the index ESC-R EB UTI.
A historical and critical analysis of park prescriptions

Park Prescription (PP) is a grassroots movement encouraging physicians to “prescribe” parks to patients, promoting healthy parks and people. However, little is known specifically about PP’s ability...