cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Actin-dependent Mitochondrial Motility in Mitotic Yeast and Cell-Free Systems: Identification of A Motor Activity on the Mitochondrial Surface

Using fluorescent membrane potential sensing dyes to stain budding yeast, mitochondria are resolved as tubular organelles aligned in radial arrays that converge at the bud neck. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy reveals region-specific, directed mitochondrial movement during polarized yeast cell growth and mitotic cell division. Mitochondria in the central region of the mother cell move linearly towards the bud, traverse the bud neck, and progress towards the bud tip at an average velocity of 49 +/- 21 nm/sec. In contrast, mitochondria in the peripheral region of the mother cell and at the bud tip display significantly less movement. Yeast strains containing temperature sensitive lethal mutations in the actin gene show abnormal mitochondrial distribution. No mitochondrial movement is evident in these mutants after short-term shift to semi-permissive temperatures. Thus, the actin cytoskeleton is important for normal mitochondrial movement during inheritance. To determine the possible role of known myosin genes in yeast mitochondrial motility, we investigated mitochondrial inheritance in myo1, myo2, myo3 and myo4 single mutants and in a myo2, myo4 double mutant. Mitochondrial spatial arrangement and motility are not significantly affected by these mutations. We used a microfilament sliding assay to examine motor activity on isolated yeast mitochondria. Rhodamine-phalloidin labeled yeast actin filaments bind to immobilized yeast mitochondria, as well as unilamellar, right-side-out, sealed mitochondrial outer membrane vesicles. In the presence of low levels of ATP (0.1-100 microM), we observed F-actin sliding on immobilized yeast mitochondria. In the presence of high levels of ATP (500 microM-2 mM), bound filaments are released from mitochondria and mitochondrial outer membranes. The maximum velocity of mitochondria-driven microfilament sliding (23 +/- 11 nm/sec) is similar to that of mitochondrial movement in living cells. This motor activity requires hydrolysis of ATP, does not require cytosolic extracts, is sensitive to protease treatment, and displays an ATP concentration dependence similar to that of members of the myosin family of actin-based motors. This is the first demonstration of an actin-based motor activity in a defined organelle population.
Transforming Growth Factor-β and Breast Cancer Risk in Women With Mammary Epithelial Hyperplasia

Background Transforming growth factors-beta (TGF-betas) regulate mammary epithelial cell division. Loss of expression of TGF-beta receptor II (TGF-beta-RII) is related to cell proliferation and tumor progression. Breast epithelial hyperplastic lesions lacking atypia (EHLA) are associated with a mild elevation in breast cancer risk. We investigated the expression of TGF-beta-RII in EHLA and the risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer. Methods We conducted a nested case-control study of women with biopsy-confirmed EHLA who did not have a history of breast cancer or atypical hyperplasia of the breast. Case patients (n = 54) who subsequently developed invasive breast cancer were matched with control patients (n = 115) who did not. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of breast biopsy specimens of all 169 patients with EHLA were studied by immunohistochemical analysis with antibodies against TGF-beta-RII. All P values are two-sided. Results Women with breast EHLA and 25%-75% TGF-beta-RII-positive cells or less than 25% TGF-beta-RII-positive cells had odds ratios of invasive breast cancer of 1.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.95-4.1) or 3.41 (95% CI = 1.2-10.0), respectively (P for trend =.008). These risks are calculated with respect to women with EHLA that had greater than 75% TGF-beta-RII expression. Women with a heterogeneous pattern of TGF-beta-RII expression in their normal breast lobular units and either greater than 75%, 25%-75%, or less than 25% positive cells in their EHLA had odds ratios for breast cancer risk of 0.742 (95% CI = 0.3-1.8), 2.85 (95% CI = 1.1-7.1), or 3.55 (95% CI = 1.0-10.0), respectively (P for trend =.003). These risks are relative to women with a homogeneous pattern of expression in their normal lobular units and greater than 75% positive cells in their EHLA. Conclusion This study indicates that loss of TGF-beta-RII expression in epithelial cells of EHLA is associated with increased risk of invasive breast cancer.
Haar filter banks for I-D space signals

We derive the Haar filter bank for 1-D space signals, based on our recently introduced framework for 1-D space signal processing, termed this way since it is built on a symmetric space shift operation in contrast to the directed time shift operation. The framework includes the proper notions of signal and filter spaces, "z-transform," convolution, and Fourier transform, each of which is different from their time equivalents. In this paper, we extend this framework by deriving the proper notions of a Haar filter bank for space signal processing, and show that it has a similar yet different form compared to the time case. Our derivation also sheds light on the nature of filter banks and makes a case for viewing them as projections on subspaces rather than as based on filters.
Theory and simulations of the interactions of intense radiation with atoms, molecules, and solids

We report time-dependent simulations of the evolution of atoms, molecules, and solids in the presence of intense electromagnetic radiation using the density functional theory. In the case of the ionic degrees of freedom we find that selective breaking of strong bonds may be possible at off-resonant infrared frequencies by a novel “concerted kick” mechanism. In the case of the electron response we find the following: free atoms and ions under intense infrared light respond with high harmonics in the X-ray regime; for a free molecule (Si2), we predict an unusual third harmonic response to a UV pulse centered at a frequency equal to the primary electronic excitation of the molecule; for a semiconductor (Si), we find several odd harmonics in response to a continuous wave of subgap infrared radiation. Prospects for future calculations are discussed.
Monitoring guinea pig core temperature by telemetry during inhalation exposures.

Abstract A temperature telemetry system was incorporated into an existing animal model for inhalation toxicology. This system facilitated continuous monitoring of guinea pig temperature during inhalation exposures. Components of the system included Mini-Mitter temperature-controlled oscillators, AM receivers, and an IBM microcomputer. Software was developed to perform signal processing and filtering. Transmitters were calibrated and then sterilized and surgically implanted in the guinea pig peritoneum. Monitoring the baseline temperature of nine animals indicated a mean temperature of 38.6 ± 0.3°C. Guinea pigs were treated with agents to induce transient hypo- or hyperthermia. For the former, exposure for 3 hr to 7.8 ppm diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate resulted in a 3°C temperature decrease. The temperature was determined from 230 readings per animal per hour. Inhalation of 9 or 44 μg/m3 endotoxin for 6 hr induced hyperthermia with a 1.5°C maximum increase in core temperature at 4.8 hr. With endotoxin, an increase in respiratory rate was also noted and followed the same pattern as temperature with a maximal increase of 52% occurring at 4.2 hr. The temperature telemetry system enabled continuous long-term monitoring of toxicant-induced hypothermia and pyrexia without interruption of inhalation exposure or measurements of respiratory parameters.
Lightweight Deployable Software Monitoring for Sensor Networks

Most efforts at analyzing the behavior and performance of sensor network software have been simulation-based, but deployment in the field can bring about conditions that were unexpected, or just too hard to simulate. Thus monitoring the software in the field would be a valuable capability for engineering of sensor networks. We have developed a lightweight instrumentation tool for TinyOS, called LIMOW, that is deployable onto sensor hardware, is low cost in overhead, and is configurable and controllable in terms of how much it monitors and how much overhead is tolerable. We show both behavioral and timing results from our tool, and compare results with other monitoring approaches.
FPGA or Cell for an Image Processing Application

Modern advancements in configurable hardware, most notably Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) have provided an exciting opportunity to discover the parallel nature of modern image processing algorithms. On the other hand, PlayStation3 (PS3) game consoles contain a multi-core heterogeneous processor known as the Cell, which is designed to perform complex image processing algorithms at a high-performance level. All the while, image processing algorithms are still coded for off-the-shelf computers, such as the state-of-the-art Xeon-based computer systems. In this research project, we study the differences in performance of a modern image processing algorithm on three hardware platforms. We show that the heterogenous Cell based PS3 is able to outperform a state-of-the-art Xeon processor by 7.7 times. However, our results on an FPGA are 2.5 times better than the PS3. Although the CELL processor greatly outperforms the Xeon processor, the FPGA is the leader in performance.
Large signal characterization and numerical modeling of the GaAs/AlGaAs HBT

A numerical model for GaAs/AlGaAs HBTs (heterojunction bipolar transistors) which includes velocity overshoot effects has been developed. Good agreement between measured and modeled small signal characteristics has been obtained. To understand the large signal performance of the HBT, the model has been used to parameterize several typical device structures. At low frequencies, the parameterization method describes the large signal behavior of the HBT reasonably well up to moderate power levels. At higher frequencies, the accuracy of the method degrades. High-frequency simulation results have been compared with measurements made with a 26.5 to 40 GHz active load pull system. Details of the measurement system, sources of error, and methods to reduce the error are discussed. >
Student Preference for Explicit Timing and Interspersal Procedures as a Function of Math Problem Completion Rates: Testing the Discrete Task Completion Hypothesis

A within-subjects design was used to compare explicit timing and interspersal with college students. Students were given 3 minutes to complete problems on the explicit timing assignment (25 problems, 3 digits −3 digits) and the interspersal assignment (25 similar problems and 10 problems, 1 digit −1 digit). Results indicated that: (a) students completed more total problems during interspersal for both trials, (b) students completed more target problems during explicit timing for the second trial, and (c) students only preferred interspersal for the first trial. The data from trial one fit the discrete task completion hypothesis and matching law, yet the data from trial two do not match as closely (Skinner, 2002). Discussion focuses on continued need for more research on academic interventions, comparing academic interventions, the discrete task completion hypothesis, and the matching law.
Constitutional protections in an era of increased migration: evidence from 193 countries

This article examines how 193 constitutions address foreign citizens' and stateless persons' rights. As of May 2014, 24% of constitutions protected foreign citizens from discrimination; 17% guaranteed equal educational access, 15% granted equal employment and health rights and 12% guaranteed all of the civil rights we examined to foreign citizens. Stateless persons' rights were less commonly protected. Guarantees of non-citizens' rights peaked among constitutions adopted during the 1990s. Constitutional protections of non-citizens were most common in Europe and Central Asia and absent in South Asia and the Middle East and North Africa. Several constitutions also restricted or denied non-citizens’ rights.
Rapid Glucocorticoid Feedback Inhibition of ACTH Secretion Involves Ligand-Dependent Membrane Association of Glucocorticoid Receptors

The hypothesis that rapid glucocorticoid inhibition of pituitary ACTH secretion mediates a feedforward/feedback mechanism responsible for the hourly glucocorticoid pulsatility was tested in cultured pituitary cells. Perifusion with 30 pM CRH caused sustained the elevation of ACTH secretion. Superimposed corticosterone pulses inhibited CRH-stimulated ACTH release, depending on prior glucocorticoid clearance. When CRH perifusion started after 2 hours of glucocorticoid-free medium, corticosterone levels in the stress range (1 μM) caused a delayed (25 min) and prolonged inhibition of CRH-stimulated ACTH secretion, up to 60 minutes after corticosterone withdrawal. In contrast, after 6 hours of glucocorticoid-free medium, basal corticosterone levels inhibited CRH-stimulated ACTH within 5 minutes, after rapid recovery 5 minutes after corticosterone withdrawal. The latter effect was insensitive to actinomycin D but was prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU486, suggesting nongenomic effects of the classical glucocorticoid receptor. In hypothalamic-derived 4B cells, 10 nM corticosterone increased immunoreactive glucocorticoid receptor content in membrane fractions, with association and clearance rates paralleling the effects on ACTH secretion from corticotrophs. Corticosterone did not affect CRH-stimulated calcium influx, but in AtT-20 cells, it had biphasic effects on CRH-stimulated Src phosphorylation, with early inhibition and late stimulation, suggesting a role for Src phosphorylation on the rapid glucocorticoid feedback. The data suggest that the nongenomic/membrane effects of classical GR mediate rapid and reversible glucocorticoid feedback inhibition at the pituitary corticotrophs downstream of calcium influx. The sensitivity and kinetics of these effects is consistent with the hypothesis that pituitary glucocorticoid feedback is part of the mechanism for adrenocortical ultradian pulse generation.
Network semantics of dynamical systems

Dynamical systems enjoy a rich variety of mathematical representations, from interconnections of convolution operators or rational functions of a complex variable to systems of (possibly stochastic) differential or differential-algebraic equations. Although many of these representations can describe the same behavior, i.e. represent the same constraints on manifest variables, each one may characterize a different notion of system structure. This paper introduces a method for interpreting the semantics of different representations of a network system by exploring the set of realizations consistent with each. We then focus on signal structure, extending its definition, and demonstrate that its semantics differ from other network representations in important and useful ways. In particular, the information cost for identifying a system's signal structure from data can be considerably less than that needed for identifying a system's subsystem structure.
Dual coil for remote probing of signals using resistive wireless analog passive sensors (rWAPS)

Resistive wireless analog passive sensors (rWAPS) uses resistive transducers for wirelessly capturing remote signals. This fully passive technology is low-cost, fast, miniature, maintenance free, and disposable. However, obtaining absolute measurements with this sensors are challenging as the amplitude modulation of impedance loading is a function of both the signal magnitude and the mutual coupling of the sensor and interrogator coils. This paper presents a novel dual coil design to resolve this challenge. In this design, the rWAPS sensor composes of two coils tuned at different probing frequency such that they do not offer coupling. The reference coil provides information of the mutual coupling coefficient, while the other sensor coil measures the signal of interest. Thus, the absolute value of the measured signal can be determined by considering the mutual coupling coefficient using a calibration curve or a look-up table. The concept has been verified with a test setup where the reference coil is tuned at 6.5 MHz and the sensing coil is tuned at 13.5 MHz. The data of reference coil showed correlation on the separation distance while unperturbed with the signal magnitude, which is sensed by the sensing coil of the rWAPS system.
Abstract PL04-03: SERM breast cancer pharmacogenomics: Beyond biomarkers

Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) such as tamoxifen and raloxifene can reduce the occurrence of breast cancer in high risk women by approximately 50%. This presentation will describe the use of a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genes associated with breast cancer risk during SERM prevention therapy. Those results were pursued by functional genomic experiments that defined mechanisms responsible for the associations observed during the GWAS. These observations not only moved “beyond biomarkers” to function and underlying mechanism, but they also provided novel insight into mechanisms responsible for individual variation in SERM response phenotypes. Citation Format: Richard Weinshilboum. SERM breast cancer pharmaco-genomics: Beyond biomarkers. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2012 Oct 16-19; Anaheim, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Prev Res 2012;5(11 Suppl):Abstract nr PL04-03.
IP Transactions as Facilitators of the Globalized Innovation Economy

Intellectual property (IP) systems grant exclusive rights to individuals for their creations. Yet inventors and authors may not be able to commercialize their creations by themselves. Firms may not be in a position to commercialize every invention their employees create. And many creations arise in collaborative environments in which multiple creators work across multiple organizations. IP transactions enable the orderly transfer of rights to make commercialization possible. This Chapter considers both the fundamental issues that appear in all IP transactions as well as special issues arising in complex transactions such as joint ventures. Further, despite concerns over patent thickets and "anti-commons", IP transactions abound. Many technology firms find themselves in a web of “in-licenses” (importing IP rights from others) and “out-licenses” (exporting IP rights to others). A central theme of this Chapter is that the heart of the commercialization enterprise is the value chain - the steps required to take creative inspiration from a good idea to a finished product available in the market. As value chains have grown longer and more complex, creative IP transactional attorneys and their clients have forged new forms of IP transactions. Entrepreneurial firms have created IP exchanges and markets in which speculators or aggregators buy up IP to enforce or resell. Overall, the Chapter argues that IP and private ordering are essential to continued development of globalized value chains that deliver desirable and affordable products to consumers. Rather than being impediments to innovation as some commentators have alleged, or simply a means for incentivizing the different players to perform their roles in the value chain, IP rights are, in fact, the mechanism by which the orderly transfer of information and proprietary rights occur.
Red Flag Signs and Symptoms

Red flag signs and symptoms in the context of lower back pain are signs and symptoms that should prompt further investigation.
Evaluating Factors Affecting Virtual Reality Display

Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) anecdotally exhibit a higher rate of cybersickness, motion-sickness like symptoms due to visual stimuli, than virtual reality systems that employ large screens. Yet, there have been relatively few multi-display studies, and frequently factors other than the display varied between conditions. We controlled for these additional factors in three experiments which considered HMDs weight, perceived screen size, and rendering mode. The HMD weight experiment had no effect on cybersickness, with p < 0.88. This is of benefit to HMD developers as it signifies that additional weight in the hardware is not cause for concern. While screen size and field of view (FOV) are often used interchangeably, the FOV has a strong effect independent of screen size. The perceived screen size experiment had no effect on cybersickness, with p < 0.66. This benefits cybersickness researchers, as it signifies that the results from monitor experiments can be compared directly with the results from large screen experiments, assuming the remaining factors are held constant. The rendering experiment, with stereo and mono rendering, had no effect on cybersickness, with p = 0.22. Since the HMD weight and screen size experiments used the same FOV, application, and navigation paradigm, they were compared for possible effects. Initially, we found a significant effect on cybersickness. After normalizing using the average change when a part of the real world is seen, such as in large screens, there is no longer a statistical difference (p < 0.77).
CAPSL: A Tool for Automatic Generation of Hardware Sandboxes for IP Security

We propose a design flow for automatic generation of hardware sandboxes. Our tool, the Component Authentication Process for Sandboxed Layouts (CAPSL), generates sandboxes capable of detecting trojan activation and nullifying potential damage to a system at run-time. Our approach captures the behavioral properties of non-trusted IPs with formal models that are translated to checker automata and implemented within a untrusted partition of the system to isolate sandbox-system interactions upon deviation from the behavioral checkers.
Characterization of serum anti-diphtheria antibody activity following administration of equine anti-toxin for suspected diphtheria

There is a global shortage of equine-derived diphtheria anti-toxin (DAT) for diphtheria treatment. There are few existing data on serum antibody concentrations and neutralizing activity post-treatment to support development of new therapeutics. Antibody concentrations were quantified by ELISA and anti-toxin neutralizing activity by cytotoxicity assay in serum from 4 patients receiving DAT for suspected diphtheria. Using linear mixed effects modeling, estimated mean (SE) half-life was 78.2 (20.0) hours. Maximum serum neutralizing activity ranged from 28.42-38.64 AU/mL with an estimated mean AUC1-72 of 1396.7 (399.3) AU/mL*hr. These data provide a standard of comparison for development of novel anti-toxins to replace DAT.
Seeding alters plant community trajectory: Impacts of seeding, grazing and trampling on semi‐arid re‐vegetation

Questions How do seeding, cattle grazing, and vehicular use impact vegetation establishment and soil movement on a newly reclaimed pipeline right-of-way? Will these factors result in differing plant community trajectories? Location Southern Arizona (USA). Methods Within a pipeline disturbance, we randomly selected nine plots to be seeded with an 18 species mix and nine to be left unseeded. Adjacent to the disturbance, we selected nine undisturbed unseeded control plots for a total of 27 plots (30 × 45 m each). Within each of the 27 plots, we established a grazed-trampled, grazed-untrampled, and ungrazed-untrampled sub-plot. One year after pipeline reclamation, we analyzed the impacts of seeding, grazing, and trampling on native plant cover, undesirable plant cover, herbaceous biomass, species richness, soil movement, and plant community trajectories in comparison to surrounding undisturbed sites. Results Seeding disturbed sites with a diverse seed mix resulted in greater native plant cover, greater species richness, and fewer undesirable species than were found in unseeded disturbed sites. Unseeded disturbed areas were similar to the undisturbed control areas in species richness and had comparable plant community trajectories. The combined impacts of grazing and trampling reduced native plant cover and herbaceous biomass and were associated with greater soil erosion in comparison to sub-plots protected from grazing and trampling. Conclusions Natural vegetation recruitment can be a viable option in semi-arid reclamation projects when the soil seed bank is preserved and there are proximal seed sources. While seeding improved quantitative vegetation metrics, using a seed mix comprised of different species than the preexisting vegetation may set the reclaimed vegetation on a different plant community trajectory. The general prescription of protecting new reclamation sites from grazing and trampling is supported. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
A personal narrative on responding to the tragedy at Pulse in Orlando: A volunteer supervisor’s perspective

In the aftermath of the massacre at Pulse in Orlando, Florida, the helping professions united to help meet the counseling needs created by the traumatic event. This article is a first-person accoun...
Brief Report: Circulating Markers of Immunologic Activity Reflect Adiposity in Persons With HIV on Antiretroviral Therapy

Background:Obesity alters adipose tissue immunology, and these changes may be reflected in circulating soluble inflammatory biomarker and T-cell subset profiles measured in HIV research studies.Methods:We recruited 70 adults with HIV (50% obese) on efavirenz, tenofovir, and emtricitabine, virologic
Theory Development in Environmental Psychology

Life in contemporary times confronts individuals with glaring disparities between the goals of achieving social cohesion and emotional well-being, on the one hand, and a host of political, economic, and technological circumstances that undermine those values, on the other. Efforts to cultivate cohesive families, neighborhoods, work organizations, and whole communities, for example, are hindered by trends in society toward: (1) dual-career parenting and job insecurities that create a sense of fatigue, work overload, and reduced opportunities for informal contacts among family members, colleagues, and friends; (2) a growing reliance on advanced telecommunications technologies (e.g., e-mail, voice mail, fax communications) that make it possible for individuals to work remotely and in isolation from each other, thereby decreasing opportunities for face-to-face contact in organizational settings and public places; (3) the growing prevalence of new telecommunications technologies and the rapidity of their development, which impose greater time constraints on individuals and higher levels of sensory overload as they struggle to keep up with new software, hardware, and other technological innovations, and the flow of information transmitted to them each day; (4) the trend toward managed health care that poses a threat to the quality of medical services provided to individuals, particularly those burdened by acute and chronic diseases more prevalent in an aging population; and (5) strident political discourse, incivility, and inter-ethnic conflict that are rampant in many regions of the world and further threaten individuals’ efforts to achieve a sense of personal well-being and meaningful social ties within organizational and community settings.
Globalization and the Good Corporation: A Need for Proactive Co-existence

Large corporations are coming under intense pressure to act in a socially responsible manner. Corporations have accepted this notion provided that it is exercised voluntarily. It has also been argued that corporations can do well by doing good, and that good ethics is good business. This paper presents an alternative viewpoint by demonstrating that while voluntary socially responsible conduct is desirable, it plays a rather small role in inspiring good corporate conduct. Instead, (a) it is the external economic-competitive conditions that define the parameters and opportunities for good corporate conduct; and (b) the values and traditions of the corporations, and their perceived risk in exploiting those opportunities, that influence the extent of a corporation's socially responsible conduct. The framework presented here analyzes certain market-competitive conditions, which determine the scope and direction of socially responsible corporate conduct, and the instruments available to society to enhance ethical corporate conduct. It suggests that from society's perspective, we should move away from the notion of corporate social responsibility and toward corporate social accountability. Most modern economies operate under conditions of imperfect competition where corporations gain above-normal profits, i.e., market rent, from market imperfections. Therefore, corporations should be held accountable for a more equitable distribution of these above-normal profits with other groups, e.g., customers, employees, etc., who were deprived of their market-based gains because of market imperfections and corporate power. Three approaches are suggested for measuring corporate accountability through corrections. These are: information imbalance, bargaining power imbalance, and, adjudication, remedy and relief imbalance.
A Model for the Funding of Clinical Faculty in a Municipal Hospital

During the decade of 1969–1979 medical school revenues increased from $1.4 billion to $4.9 billion. Federal support for biomedical research doubled over the same period of time, but fell from 30% of total revenues in 1969 to 18% of total revenues in 1979. While the percentage of federal research dollars was decreasing, income from academic practice plans (professional fees) rose from 4% of revenues in 1969 to 14.8% in 1979.1
The History of Myasthenia Gravis

The first case of myasthenia gravis (MG) was described in 1672. Treatment of MG was negligible until Mary Walker‘s seminal observation in 1934 of improvement with physostigmine and neostigmine injections. Blalock reported the initial success with thymectomy around 1940. Edrophonium was introduced around 1950 and pyridostigmine in the mid-1950s. John Simpson‘s hypothesis of an autoimmune etiology for MG in 1960 was later proven correct, and subsequent use of immunosuppressive therapy including corticosteroids led to the modern era in management of MG.
Intelligence and Electronic Warfare Model

Evaluations of Intelligence and Electronic Warfare in a battlefield scenario have been previously conducted qualitatively, using judgmental input. A comprehensive computer technique did not exist for quantitatively evaluating the impact of INTEL and EW systems on combat effectiveness. The lack of a solid analytical instrument compelled the US Army to establish requirements on the basis of subjective evaluations or, on the basis of a system’s capability. In other words, systems capabilities drive the Army’s battlefield requirements vis-a-vis developing a system on the basis of battlefield requirements. The net result was the best performing system (and usually the more costly) was acquired without a total awareness of the contribution to combat. A model is being developed for portraying RED and BLUE INTEL/EW systems, organizations, tactics, doctrine, and techniques for evaluating their contribution on the battlefield. As INTEL and EW resources become more sophisticated and expensive, they compete for a greater portion of the combat force’s budget. Assessment of the impact of these resources on combat effectiveness is a necessary step to insure the fielded force mix affords the greatest chance for success on the battlefield at the least cost.
Medical Management of a Stroke

Having a stroke is a life changing event. It affects family dynamics, is emotionally taxing and can be devastating for families and patients. This chapter aims to clarify signs and symptoms of stroke, how to seek help when you think you or family members are having a stroke, and what is involved in treating and preventing a stroke. We hope this chapter works to ease some of the confusion and feelings of being overwhelmed that come with a health problem as frightening as a stroke. What type of treatment a person gets when they have a stroke is determined by what type of stroke occurs. There are two types of strokes; ischemic stroke which happens when blood flow to the brain gets interrupted causing damage to the area supplied by that vessel and hemorrhagic stroke which happens when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures and blood accumulates in the brain and damage to the brain occurs. We will also be explaining some words and expressions you may encounter as your medical providers try to figure out what caused your stroke and how to prevent other strokes from happening. We will also outline how you or your family can be advocates for your health
Utilizing trade market analysis to identify the economic impact of a multiday special event in Miami Beach, Florida:

Many events occur each year in rural and urban communities. Some of these events include sporting events and festivals (music, food/beverage, heritage, and art). Some of these events occur for 1 da...
Surgical Considerations in Children with Corneal Opacities and Cataracts

In the past, pediatric corneal opacities have been grouped into congenital and acquired causes. We discuss corneal opacities and group them based on the treatment, including penetrating keratoplasty, endothelial keratoplasty, and optical iridectomy. Modern surgery for pediatric corneal opacities is following the trend in adult corneal surgery, namely, to replace only the diseased corneal layers. Little definitive surgical advice can be easily gleaned from prior publications on pediatric penetrating keratoplasty, due to the inclusion of diverse patients, techniques, and surgical timing. Visual development, or the lack of it – deprivation amblyopia – is an ever-present issue for the pediatric corneal surgeon, in contrast to the surgical considerations of adult corneal opacity. Each of the three above modalities has its distinct pros and cons in children. For example, while pediatric endothelial keratoplasty requires fewer examinations under anesthesia for suture removal, fewer suture-related complications, and less induced astigmatism compared with penetrating keratoplasty, surgery in children must be altered from the adult technique due to the child’s shallower anterior chamber and relative positive posterior pressure. Optical iridectomy should be considered when the central opacity is associated with at least several millimeters of clear peripheral cornea. The treatment of pediatric corneal opacities, while challenging, can bring tremendous rewards, especially when the relatively recent techniques of selective corneal replacement may be applied. This chapter discusses surgical treatment options for pediatric corneal opacities, including penetrating, endothelial, and lamellar keratoplasties. Attention will also be given to the use of Boston keratoprostheses as well as a less frequent, but highly valuable, optical iridectomy. The management of coincident glaucoma will also be discussed.
Turn Your Online Engagement in Chronic Disease Management from Zero to Hero: A Multi-Dimensional Continuous-Time Evaluation

Individuals’ engagement in online healthcare communities (OHCs) has attracted a large body of research. However, prior research has mainly studied a single behavioral dimension of online engagement. Given that individuals’ online engagement is a complex process, overlooking certain aspects of engagement may lead to underestimating the effectiveness of OHCs. In addition, due to the progressive nature of chronic disease, chronic disease management needs to be evaluated continuously. These concerns motivate us to develop a framework that accounts for both engagement dimensions and engagement timing for studying chronic disease management in OHCs. Considering that the engagement level of disease management cannot be directly observed, in this study, we propose a multi-dimensional Continuous-Time Hidden Markov Model (CTHMM) that captures individuals’ engagement level as a latent state. We root our research in the context of weight management. Our main findings include: 1) The timing of engagement can affect an individual’s engagement level; for instance, individuals with higher participation frequency are more likely to shift to different engagement levels. 2) Participating in support-exchange activities can shift individuals’ focus from weigh-ins to journals, which are two distinct behavioral dimensions of self-monitoring. Thus, an incomplete characterization of engagement dimensions can underestimate individuals’ activeness in OHCs, which will further lead to underrating the role of OHCs in chronic disease control. 3) Different forms of social support can have statistically different effects on engagement, and these effects are mediated by individuals’ own engagement levels. Individuals need to “smartly” adopt social support tools to improve their health management.
A Fluorescent Biosensor for Copper Ion Detection

Copper ion is an important structural component or cofactor for various enzymes, which plays important roles in biological physiological processes. However, over uptake of copper ion will induce oxidative stress in living cells, which leads to various diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Wilson disease, and Menkes disease.
Atypical lipomatous tumor with unusual extensive metaplastic ossification

The presence of metaplastic ossification within atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma (ALT/WDLPS) is a rare occurrence. When present, bone formation is most often found in association with a dedifferentiated component arising within the primary tumor. It is important for the radiologist not only to recognize the differential diagnosis of a calcified or ossified soft tissue mass but also be aware of the various soft tissue neoplasms, both aggressive and non-aggressive, that may show such features. We report a case of ALT/WDLPS with unusual extensive metaplastic bone formation without an element of dedifferentiated liposarcoma.
Investment Pattern in Crop - Livestock Production System in Gonda District of Uttar Pradesh

The study revealed that the overall total investment in crop and livestock farming together was Rs. 1,05,113 per farm of which about 74 per cent of the total investment was made in crop farming, while remaining 26 per cent in livestock farming system. The average per household investment on a mixed farm unit varied from Rs. 48994 on marginal farm to Rs. 245889 on a large farm. It could be further observed that as the farm size increased the investment per household in absolute term increased both for the crop and livestock farming enterprises. It was also observed that as the farm size increased, the proportionate investment on crop farming increased, while on the livestock enterprise decreasing trend was observed showing that the large farmers concentrated more on the crop enterprise mainly due to higher profit and non-availability of sufficient manpower. Animals/livestock were primarily kept to produce milk for family consumption.
The Central-Splitting Approach for Achilles Insertional Tendinopathy and Haglund Deformity.

Insertional Achilles tendinopathy causes posterior heel pain at the insertion of the Achilles tendon, often in combination with a calcaneal exostosis, or Haglund deformity. Insertional Achilles tendinopathy often presents with a posterior osseous prominence and leads to calcification of the Achilles tendon1. Nonoperative treatment of these conditions includes activity modification, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, heel lifts, shoe modification, physical therapy focused on eccentric strengthening exercises, iontophoresis, and shock wave therapy. Nonoperative treatment will fail in approximately 50% of these cases, and such patients become candidates for surgical intervention2,3. Multiple surgical approaches have been described, including the medial J-shaped, lateral, Cincinnati transverse, double incision, and central-splitting approaches4. Currently, there is no consensus regarding the ideal approach. Recent literature has suggested that the central-splitting approach allows for adequate exposure of both the most commonly diseased area of the tendon and the calcaneal exostosis, with excellent postoperative pain and functional results5-13. Description Place the patient in the prone position with the feet at the edge of the operating table. Make a full-thickness, 5 to 7-cm longitudinal incision centered over the Achilles tendon and the posterior aspect of the calcaneus. Make a central incision through the Achilles tendon. Sharply mobilize the medial and lateral slips and excise the diseased portion of the Achilles tendon. Expose the calcaneal exostosis and perform the calcaneal exostectomy with a microsagittal saw. Repair the remaining healthy-appearing Achilles tendon to the calcaneus with 2 suture anchors. An additional suture anchor or, alternatively, the double-row technique for the Achilles tendon repair may be used. Repair the central split in the Achilles tendon with absorbable suture. Close the soft tissue and skin in layers. Alternatives Alternative approaches include the medial, lateral, or Cincinnati transverse incisions. The central-splitting approach is favored because of the excellent exposure of both the diseased tendon and the calcaneal exostosis. Additional augmentations to this procedure include a flexor hallucis longus transfer and a gastrocnemius recession. Rationale This technique provides adequate exposure to the diseased Achilles tendon, calcific deposits, and calcaneal exostosis. Recent studies have demonstrated it to be a safe and effective technique with high patient-satisfaction scores5-13.
Application of artificial intelligence in cancer patient care during COVID-19 pandemic

The SARS-CoV-2 has caused tremendous stress in cancer patient care. Millions of confirmed cases and hundreds of thousands of deaths have been reported since the virus first reported in just 6 months ago in January 2020. While patients with chronic diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are particularly vulnerable to COVID19, cancer patients will probably suffer the most from visits due to weak immune system, frequent hospital visits, complicated treatment regimens, and ever-growing costs of seeking in-person healthcare. In this perspective, we propose a simple workflow based on artificial intelligence (AI) that integrates currently available platforms and resources. The workflow hereby proposed is easy to develop and will promote the entry of the first clinical application of AI in modern medicine.
Borders and Identity in A halálba táncoltatott leány ['The Maiden Danced to Death'] and A nagy füzet ['The Notebook']

This article explores borders, border crossings and the geography of separation in two recent Hungarian films. In The Maiden Danced to Death (2011) and The Notebook (2013), two films produced within a few years of one another and just before the recent re-erection of a border between Hungary and its neighbors, escape provides the vehicle for the brothers’ separation. Of particular interest is the frequent portrayal of brothers separated during communism, often with one brother staying and one leaving. In these films, regimes and ideology tear brothers apart; whether viewed on screen or only alluded to, the crossing of a border becomes a physical symbol of this separation and loss. The fraternal pairs’ personal lives interact with history, especially the repressive state as manifested in Hungary’s border. Geocriticism, border and trauma studies perspectives will help understand the anguish of this separation. In these films, political realities fray the bonds between brothers and lead to their separation through the border, or to its trace, as identities are subjected to traumatic reconfigurations.
The effect of normal saline on renal function and electrolytes in women with preeclampsia.

Due to a nationwide shortage of Ringer’s lactate, normal saline became the intravenous fluid of choice at our institution in May 2018. Recent studies have shown that the administration of normal sa...
The influence of tail grain configuration on the ignition pressurization of a small-scale solid rocket motor

In the preliminary stage of research and development of a high loading fraction small scale solid rocket motor, one of problems is that there exists super high initial pressure peak after ignition Through the numerical simulation of the inner flow field, it is found that the initial pressure peak is formed by the unmatched tail grain configuration, resulting in combustion gas choke After modification of the tail grain configuration, the initial pressure peak is removed
Substance K in Cardiovascular Control

Until recently, substance P (SP) was considered to be the only tachykinin present in mammalian tissues; all other members of this family of peptides were isolated from amphibian extracts (Erspamer, 1981).
Neuroimaging studies of attention and the processing of emotion-laden stimuli

Because the processing capacity of the visual system is limited, selective attention to one part of the visual field comes at the cost of neglecting other parts. In this paper, we review evidence from single-cell studies in monkeys and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies in humans for neural competition and how competition is biased by attention. We suggest that, at the neural level, an important consequence of attention is to enhance the influence of behaviorally relevant stimuli at the expense of irrelevant ones, providing a mechanism for the filtering of distracting information in cluttered visual scenes. Psychophysical evidence suggests that processing outside the focus of attention is attenuated and may be even eliminated under some conditions. A major exception to the critical role of attention may be in the neural processing of emotion-laden stimuli, which are reported to be processed automatically, namely, without attention. Contrary to this prevailing view, in a recent study we found that all brain regions responding differentially to faces with emotional content, including the amygdala, did so only when sufficient resources were available to process those faces. After reviewing our findings, we discuss their implications, in particular (1) how emotional stimuli can bias competition for processing resources; (2) the source of the biasing signal for emotional stimuli; (3) how visual information reaches the amygdala; and finally (4) the relationship between attention and awareness.
ITER vacuum vessel dynamic stress analysis of a disruption

Dynamic stress analysis of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor vacuum vessel loaded by disruption forces was performed. The deformation and stress results showed strong inertial effects when compared to static analyses. Maximum stress predicted dynamically was 300 MPa, but stress shown by static analysis from loads at the same point in time reached only 80 MPa. The analysis also provided a reaction load history in the vessel`s supports which is essential in evaluating support design. The disruption forces were estimated by assuming a 25-MA plasma current decaying at 1 MA/ms while moving vertically. In addition to forces developed within the vessel, vertical loadings from the first wall/strong back assemblies and the divertor were applied to the vessel at their attachment points. The first 50 natural modes were also determined. The first mode`s frequency was 6.0 Hz, and its shape is characterized by vertical displacement of the vessel inner leg. The predicted deformation of the vessel appeared similar to its first mode shape combined with radial contraction. Kinetic energy history from the analysis also correlated with the first mode frequency.