cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Time‐Frequency Signal Analysis of Earthquake Records Using Mexican Hat Wavelets

Abstract: A method is presented for time-frequency signal analysis of earthquake records using Mexican hat wavelets. Ground motions in earthquakes are postulated as a sequence of simple penny-shaped ruptures at different locations along a fault line and occurring at different times. The single point source displacement of ground motion is idealized by a Gaussian function. For the purpose of signal analysis of accelerograms, the ground motion record generated by a simple penny-shaped rupture is used to form the basis wavelet function. After a careful study of the characteristics of various wavelet functions, the Mexican hat wavelet was found to be the most appropriate wavelet basis function to represent the acceleration of a single point source rupture. The result of the signal processing of an accelerogram is presented in the form of a scalogram using the coefficients of the continuous Mexican hat wavelet transform to describe the signal energy in the time-scale domain. The proposed signal processing methodology can be used to investigate the characteristics of accelerograms recorded on various types of sites and their effects on different types of structures.
Preparation of lithium and sodium complexes of 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane, Me4[14]aneN4

Abstract The cyclic tetradentate tertiary amine, 1,4,8,11-tetramethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane (Me 4 [14]aneN 4 ) reacts with alkali metal salts in THF to form [M(Me 4 [14]aneN 4 ) (SCN)], M = Li, Na and [Li (Me 4 [14]aneN 4 )(H 2 O)]X, X = Cl, Br. These compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 7 Li, 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. The complexes adopt a five-coordinate structure in which all four methyl groups of the macrocycle are magnetically equivalent. Frequency shifts in the IR spectra of the thiocyanato complexes indicate that the nitrogen end of the SCN − ligand is coordinated. A water molecule occupies the fifth coordination site in the complexes isolated as halide salts.
Increased sleep promotes survival during a bacterial infection in Drosophila.

Study objectives The relationship between sleep and immune function is not well understood at a functional or molecular level. We therefore used a genetic approach in Drosophila to manipulate sleep and evaluated effects on the ability of flies to fight bacterial infection. Setting Laboratory. Participants Drosophila melanogaster. Methods and results We used a genetic approach to transiently alter neuronal excitability in the mushroom body, a region in the central brain that is known to regulate sleep. Flies with increased sleep for up to two days prior to a bacterial infection showed increased resistance to the infection and improved survival. These flies also had increased expression levels of a subset of anti-microbial peptide mRNA prior to infection, as well as increased NFκB activity during infection as indicated by in vivo luciferase reporter activity. In contrast, flies that experienced reduced sleep for up to two days prior to infection had no effect on survival or on NFκB activity during infection. However, flies with reduced sleep showed an altered defense mechanism, such that resistance to infection was increased, but at the expense of reduced tolerance. This effect was dependent on environmental condition. Conclusions Increasing sleep enhanced activity of an NFκB transcription factor, increased resistance to infection, and strongly promoted survival. Together, these findings support the hypothesis that sleep is beneficial to the host by maintaining a robust immune system.
Theory of a continuous Hc2 normal-to-superconducting transition.

I study the ${H}_{c2}$ transition within the Ginzburg-Landau model, with $m$-component order parameter ${\ensuremath{\psi}}_{i}$. I find a renormalized fixed point free energy, exact in $m\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$ limit, suggestive of a second-order transition in contrast to the general belief of a first-order transition. The thermal fluctuations for $H\ensuremath{\ne}0$ force one to consider an infinite set of marginally relevant operators for $dl{d}_{\mathrm{uc}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}6$. I find ${d}_{\mathrm{lc}}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}4$, predicting that the off-diagonal long-range order does not survive thermal fluctuations in $d\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}2,3$. The result is a solution to a critical fixed point that was found to be inaccessible within $\ensuremath{\epsilon}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}6\ensuremath{-}d$ expansion, previously considered by Brezin, Nelson, and Thiaville [Phys. Rev. B 31, 7124 (1985)], and was interpreted as a first-order transition.
TGF-β Receptors PAR-ticipate in Axon Formation

How does a newborn neuron initiate and elaborate an axon? Using cutting-edge approaches, Yi et al. (2010) provide striking evidence that TGF-β signaling via the Par polarity complex is required for axon formation by neocortical pyramidal neurons.
Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the pancreas

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a distinctive variant of fibrosarcoma characterized by epithelioid tumor cells arranged in nests, cords, or sheets embedded within a sclerotic collagenous matrix. It is a relatively newly described malignant fibroblastic tumor, with only fewer than 100 cases reported in English literature. Most cases are located in the lower extremities and limb girdles. Here, we present a case of SEF of the pancreas in a 67-year-old white man and provide a review of literature to date, with emphasis on the differential diagnosis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of SEF involving the pancreas.
Perceptions of Success and Failure in TQM Initiatives

Abstract Total quality management (TQM) initiatives are perceived to have had varying degrees of success over the past several years. We propose a model that helps explain why TQM initiatives are perceived to have succeeded or failed. The model revolves around the gap between perceived and expected results—the more perceived results match or exceed expected results, the more positive perceptions become. Perceived results are related to the effectiveness of TQM implementation, modified by observer bias due to limited rationality. Expected results are related to how TQM is “framed,” and to the perceived success that other, firms have had in implementing TQM. We, further posit that in the early 1990s, as TQM was beginning to gain widespread attention, many individuals began to develop negative perceptions regarding TQM. Individuals reacted to these negative perceptions by improving their implementation of TQM, reframing the meaning of TQM, and readjusting their evaluation of the success of other firms engaging in TQM. The case of Florida Power & Light is used to illustrate this reframing.
The role of the sommeliers and their influence on US restaurant wine sales

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how sommeliers influence wine sales in US restaurants and to understand how US restaurant sommeliers sell wine to customers, select for the wine list, and keep current on wines.Design/methodology/approach – Data from 250 telephone interviews among people at fine restaurants who were in charge of the selection and recommendation of wines for customers was reviewed. Fine restaurants were selected from wine spectator's “Gold Medal Winners” list and supplemented by Zagat's top 2,000 restaurants. The interviews averaged 29 minutes in length.Findings – On an average, customers ask a sommelier to provide wine recommendations 38 per cent of the time and sommeliers volunteer wine recommendations 42 per cent of the time. While wine is becoming increasingly popular and consumers are more knowledgeable, sommeliers play an important role in identifying best products available to meet restaurant customers' expectations.Practical implications – Sommeliers play an importa...
Usefulness of Holter monitoring in predicting efficacy of amiodarone therapy for sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with coronary artery disease

The ability of Holter monitoring to predict clinical events during amiodarone therapy was evaluated in 83 patients with coronary artery disease and inducible monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. Sixty-four patients (77%) had significant ventricular ectopy activity (> or = 10 ventricular premature complexes [VPCs]/hour) at baseline, and 19 (23%) did not; patients were similar in age (63 and 65 years, respectively; p = 0.24) and ejection fraction (31 and 32%, respectively; p = 0.75). Over a mean of 23 +/- 17 months, there was no difference in arrhythmia recurrence (33 and 26%; p = 0.89) or sudden death (16 and 20%; p = 0.94) in patients with and without significant ectopy, respectively. In patients with significant ectopy, amiodarone decreased VPC frequency from baseline to 2 weeks, but not from 2 to 6 weeks. Forty-two patients had > 85% reduction in ectopy at 2 weeks; 20 patients did not. However, this reduction of simple VPCs did not predict a decrease in arrhythmic recurrence (29 vs 40%; p = 0.59) nor sudden death (25 vs 11%; p = 0.56) in patients with and without VPC suppression, respectively. Forty-five patients had Holter monitoring at 6 weeks. Twenty-one patients (47%) had > 95% suppression of ectopy, and 24 did not. Neither the recurrence (38 vs 38%; p = 0.54) nor sudden death (33 vs 13%; p = 0.45) rate was predicted by the degree of VPC suppression. Amiodarone is a powerful suppressant of VPCs, but Holter suppression of this ectopic activity is not predictive of clinical outcome.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnosis and Management of the Obstetrical Patient

Abstract Ultrasound has become an important diagnostic tool for management of the obstetrical patient. It is most useful when a pregnancy has shown specific clinical indications, such as diagnosis of multiple pregnancy, assessment of bleeding during pregnancy, and assessment of fetal growth. Recently, ultrasound has been used extensively to diagnose structural anomalies of the fetus. Nurses need to be knowledgeable concerning ultrasound so they can explain the procedure to patients and help allay patients' fears and anxieties.
Evangeline's Mission: Anti-Catholicism, Nativism, and Unitarianism in Longfellow's Evangeline

Though Evangeline has long been considered simply a love story, this article reads the poem as one deeply involved in both the theological and cultural struggles between the Catholic and Protestant churches in the antebellum period. The essay argues that Longfellow's poem about the Acadian Expulsion of 1755 imagines those Catholic refugees as successful immigrants to America. Further, the article argues that Longfellow's vision of Philadelphia at the end of the poem is that of an ideal, ecumenical Christian community, in which Catholicism is able to coexist with various Protestant churches. Thus the poem counters anti-Catholic nativist rhetoric that portrayed Catholics as fundamentally foreign and a threat to the Republic. However, the ecumenical nature of this vision is limited by the fact that Longfellow cannot imagine a fully-realized Catholic Church in the United States; his Catholic community lacks ecclesiastical hierarchy. As such, it reflects Longfellow's connection to the Unitarian Moralists, as group of Harvard Unitarians who sought to transform other denominations rather than to convert individuals to Unitarianism.
Utility of chest radiography and cystoscopy in the evaluation of patients with localized prostate cancer

Abstract Objectives. Candidates for radical prostatectomy have been frequently evaluated with chest radiography and occasionally with cystoscopy. The utility of these studies was assessed. Methods. A retrospective review of 236 cases of radical prostatectomy performed over 5 years was conducted. Chest x-ray results were correlated with certain comorbidities believed to be risk factors for radiographic abnormalities, including hypertension, cardiac disease, pulmonary problems, and tobacco use. Cystoscopic findings were analyzed with regard to urologic history and urinalysis results. Results. Chest radiography was normal in 208 (88.1%) and abnormal in 28 (11.9%) patients. All 28 patients with abnormalities had one or more of the aforementioned risk factors. Sixty-two individuals (26.3%) had no risk factors, and chest radiography was uniformly normal in this group. Cystoscopy was performed in 91 patients. Stage Ta transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder was detected in 6 of these patients (6.6%); these 6 patients all had either a history of this problem or hematuria. One individual had a mild bladder-neck contracture that did not warrant treatment. Endoscopic findings were normal in the remaining patients. Conclusions. Chest radiography is not routinely needed to evaluate radical prostatectomy candidates. It should only be performed in patients who have or are at risk for cardiopulmonary disease. Cystoscopy is not warranted in this setting unless there is clinical suspicion of other urologic pathology.
Gateway performance analysis in interconnected networks

Abstract The performance of interconnected networks is highly dependent on the performance of the gateways. Since the finite storage capability of gateways affects the throughput it has to be considered for the analysis of interconnected networks. Different configurations of networks are studied: (i) gateways and the channels of local area networks have no buffer capacity constraints; (ii) only gateways have buffer capacity constraints; (iii) only the channels of local area networks have buffer capacity constraints; (iv) both gateways and the channels of the local area networks have buffer capacity constraints, (iv) both gateways and the channels of the local area networks have buffer capacity constraints. An approximation method is introduced which allows computation of the throughput for the above network configurations. Examples are given to demonstrate the impact of gateway buffer capacity on the performance of the network. Approximate results are compared and validated by simulation.
Kinetic studies on cytochrome c oxidase by combined EPR and reflectance spectroscopy after rapid freezing

1. Techniques and experiments are described concerned with the millisecond kinetics of EPR-detectable changes brought about in cytochrome c oxidase by reduced cytochrome c and, after reduction with various agents, by reoxidation with O2 or ferricyanide. Some experiments in the presence of ligands are also reported. Light absorption was monitored by low-temperature reflectance spectroscopy. 2. In the rapid phase of reduction of cytochrome c oxidase by cytochrome c ( 1 s) the copper is reoxidized and high-spin ferric heme signals appear with a predominant rhombic component. Simultaneously the absorption band at 655 nm decreases and the Soret band at 444 nm appears between the split Soret band (442 and 447 nm) of reduced cytochrome a. 3. On reoxidation of reduced enzyme by oxygen all EPR and optical features are restored within 6 ms. On reoxidation by O2 in the presence of an excess of reduced cytochrome c, states can be observed where the low-spin heme and copper signals are largely absent but the absorption at 655 nm is maximal, indicating that the low-spin heme and copper components are at the substrate side and the component(s) represented in the 655 nm absorption at the O2 side of the system. On reoxidation with ferricyanide the 655 nm absorption is not readily restored but a ferric high-spin heme, represented by a strong rhombic signal, accumulates. 4. On reoxidation of partly reduced enzyme by oxygen, the rhombic high-spin signals disappear within 6 ms, whereas the axial signals disappear more slowly, indicating that these species are not in rapid equilibrium. Similar observations are made when partly reduced enzyme is mixed with CO. 5. The results of this and the accompanying paper are discussed and on this basis an assignment of the major EPR signals and of the 655 nm absorption is proposed, which in essence is that published previously (Hartzell, C. R., Hansen, R. E. and Beinert, H. (1973) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S. 70, 2477–2481). Both the low-spin (g = 3; 2.2; 1.5) and slowly appearing high-spin (g = 6; 2) signals are attributed to ferric cytochrome a, whereas the 655 nm absorption is thought to arise from ferric cytochrome a3, when it is present in a state of interaction with EPR-undetectable copper. Alternative possibilities and possible inconsistencies with this proposal are discussed.
A 500 kW X-Band Air-Cooled Ferrite Latching Switch

The design of a high-power air-cooled microwave SPDT switch which is capable of operation at peak and average power levels of 500 kW and 666 watts, respectively, is described. The unit is of a differential phase shift circulator design employing 90/spl deg/ nonreciprocal phase shift elements which are forced air cooled. The phase shifter design employs dual ferrite toroids, "floating" in reduced height RG-51 waveguide. Two approaches are compared for heat sinking the phase shifter; namely the "H-beam" and the "I-beam" configurations. The results obtained indicate that the I-beam configuration is superior to the "H-beam" configuration. The switch exhibits an insertion loss of 0.6 dB maximum and isolation greater than 20 dB over a 100 MHz bandwidth centered at 9.375 GHz. The input VSWR of the switch over the frequency band is less than 1.28:1.
A national study of trauma level designation and renal trauma outcomes

Purpose: We examined the initial management of renal trauma and assessed patterns of management based on hospital trauma level designation.Materials and Methods: The National Trauma Data Bank is a comprehensive trauma registry with records from hospitals in the United States and Puerto Rico. Renal injuries treated at a member hospital from 2002 to 2007 were identified. We classified initial management as expectant, minimally invasive (angiography, embolization, ureteral stent or nephrostomy) or open surgical management based on ICD-9 procedure codes. The primary outcome was use of secondary therapies.Results: Of 3,247,955 trauma injuries in the National Trauma Data Bank 9,002 were renal injuries (0.3%). High grade injuries demonstrated significantly higher rates of definitive success with the first urological intervention at level I trauma centers vs other trauma centers (minimally invasive 52% vs 26%, p <0.001), and were more likely treated successfully with conservative management (89% vs 82%, p <0.001)...
Revisiting the Early Al Qaeda: An Updated Account of its Formative Years

Ten years after 9/11, and after the death of Osama bin Laden, this article re-examines the early history of Al Qaeda—from its founding in August 1988 up until bin Laden's declaration of war against the United States in Afghanistan in 1996—by examining the group's aims, operations, alliances, finances, and administration during five distinct phases of the evolution of bin Laden's worldview. The authors argue that in assessing the formative years of bin Laden's organization, it is equally wrong to minimize the ambitions and organization of the early Al Qaeda as it is to telescope back from the Al Qaeda of the 9/11 attacks to argue that the group was organizing itself to wage a global Jihad from its inception. The authors outline how it was only a half decade later—after the group had decamped to Sudan, and after the U.S. had deployed troops in Saudi Arabia and Somalia—that al Qaeda shifted to conceiving its central mission as attacking American targets.
TOWARDS EXTREME-SCALE SIMULATIONS FOR LOW MACH FLUIDS WITH SECOND-GENERATION TRILINOS

Trilinos is an object-oriented software framework for the solution of large-scale, complex multi-physics engineering and scientific problems. While Trilinos was originally designed for scalable solutions of large problems, the fidelity needed by many simulations is significantly greater than what one could have envisioned two decades ago. When problem sizes exceed a billion elements even scalable applications and solver stacks require a complete revision. The second-generation Trilinos employs C++ templates in order to solve arbitrarily large problems. We present a case study of the integration of Trilinos with a low Mach fluids engineering application (SIERRA low Mach module/Nalu). Through the use of improved algorithms and better software engineering practices, we demonstrate good weak scaling for up to a nine billion element large eddy simulation (LES) problem on unstructured meshes with a 27 billion row matrix on 524,288 cores of an IBM Blue Gene/Q platform.
Christians and Jews in First-Century Alexandria

Krister Stendahl represents, to my mind, the very best of Scandinavian-style “realistic interpretation” of the Bible, resolutely faithful in his exegesis to the historical situation of the text and its author but then marvelously insightful in eliciting from the text a fresh and sometimes surprising address to contemporary issues in church and society. As is well known, it is precisely Stendahl's interest in relations between Jews and Christians (Jewish and Gentile) that has made so much of his New Testament work so stimulating and innovative. As it happens, though, his research has tended to concentrate geographically on that large sweep of territory “from Jerusalem and as far round as Illyricum.” What I want to do in this article in his honor is to explore an area relatively untouched by my teacher—Alexandria—in an effort to see if anything can be said of Jewish-Christian relations there in the first century. In doing this I must perforce extend our investigation mainly to noncanonical sources. Even so the task is formidable, for the first-century Alexandrian church is, as Stendahl says, something “about which we know nothing.” What follows is, therefore, largely a matter of inference, at least insofar as it bears upon first-century Christianity in Alexandria. Insofar as it bears upon first-century Judaism, that giant among Jewish exegetes and philosophers, Philo Judaeus, will play a substantial role.
Transient population dynamics and viable stage or age distributions for effective conservation and recovery

Threshold population sizes are often used to determine the status of depleted populations. The thresholds are typically derived assuming the population is in a steady state. However, although a population may be at the threshold level, the stage or age distribution could be far from the steady state, which may induce transient dynamics. As a result, one may erroneously conclude the status of the population as ‘safe’ when it is not, or vice versa, using such a threshold population size. Here, we describe the metrics called extinction effective population (EEP) and scaled spawning age (SSA). These are used in addition to population sizes for assessing the population status, as they account for the deviations from the stable stage or age distribution. Using these metrics, we demonstrate the importance of incorporating the transient stage or age distributions in population management.
Aggregated and complementary: symmetric proliferation, overyielding, and mass effects explain fine-root biomass in soil patches in a diverse temperate deciduous forest landscape

Summary Few studies describe root distributions at the species level in diverse forests, although belowground species interactions and traits are often assumed to affect fine-root biomass (FRB). We used molecular barcoding to study how FRB of trees relates to soil characteristics, species identity, root diversity, and root traits, and how these relationships are affected by proximity to ecotones in a temperate forest landscape. We found that soil patch root biomass increased in response to soil resources across all species, and there was little belowground vertical or horizontal spatial segregation among species. Root traits and species relative abundance did not explain significant variation in FRB after correcting for soil fertility. A positive relationship between phylogenetic diversity and FRB indicated significant belowground overyielding attributable to local root diversity. Finally, variation in FRB explained by soil fertility and diversity was reduced near ecotones, but only because of a reduction in biomass in periodically anoxic areas. These results suggest that symmetric responses to soil properties are coupled with complementary species traits and interactions to explain variation in FRB among soil patches. In addition, landscape-level dispersal among habitats and across ecotones helps explain variation in the strength of these relationships in complex landscapes.
Ancient Greek ‘Amateurism’, the NCAA and the Courts

The National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) has recently been the target of many lawsuits challenging its definition and regulation of amateurism, which it holds as providing unique moral and social benefits for both its scholar-athletes and society at large. This conception of amateurism is inherited from nineteenth-century models of ancient Greek athletics via figures such as John Mahaffy and E.N. Gardiner. This influence is evident in legal cases involving the NCAA or athletics in general, and hence amateurism is cited by judges and others as a long-standing Western cultural tradition which encourages moral and social development. This is problematic, however, as not only is it historically questionable, but also the citation of cultural heritage in legal dicta has seen legal criticism or reversal.
Investigating glottal parameters for differentiating emotional categories with similar prosodics

Speech prosodics (i.e., pitch, energy, etc.) play an important role in the interpretation of emotional expression. However, certain pairs of emotions can be difficult to discriminate due to similar displayed tendencies in prosodic statistics. The purpose of this paper is to target speaker dependent expressions of emotional pairs that share statistically similar prosodic information and investigate a set of glottal features for their ability to find measurable differences in these expressions. Evaluation is based on acted emotional utterances from the Emotional Prosody and Speech Transcript (EPST) database. While it is in no way assumed that acted speech provides a complete picture of authentic emotion, the value of this information is that the actors adjusted their voice quality to fit their perception of different emotions. Results show statistically significant differences (p ≪ 0.05) in at least one glottal feature for all 30 emotion pairs where prosodic features did not show a significant difference. In addition, the use of single glottal features reduced classification error for 24 emotion pairs in comparison to pitch or energy.
A reassessment of Mackenzie’s second and third cities at Phylakopi

Duncan Mackenzie's interpretation of the Phylakopi stratigraphy, which he presented in 1904 as the final chapter of the excavation report, continues to structure discussion of the site's history. Mackenzie proposed a sequence of three ‘Cities’, which are seen to correspond to EC III, MC, and LC periods of occupation respectively. This paper examines Mackenzie's interpretation in light of his own notes taken during excavation, and the results of subsequent excavations undertaken by Dawkins and Droop in 1911 and Renfrew from 1974 to 1977. It concludes that while the urban sequence at Phylakopi is probably more complex than Mackenzie appreciated, his suggestion of a three City succession is broadly correct, but that the Second City should be redated to MC–LC II, and the Third City to LC III.Η eρμηνeία του Duncan Mackenzie για την στρωματογραφία της Φυλακωπής, που παρουσίασe το 1904 στο τeλeυταίο κeφάλαιο της σχeτικής ανασκαφικής έκθeσης, eξακολουθeί να προκαλeί συζήτηση για θην ιστορία της τέσης. O Mackenzie πρότeινe τη διαδοχή τριών ‘Πόλeων’, οι οποίeς φαίνeται ότι αντιστοιχούν στις IIK III, MK και YK πeριόδους κατοίκησης. Το eν λόγω άρθρο eξeτάζeι την eρμηνeία του Mackenzie σύμφωνα μe τις προσωπικές του σημeιώσeις κατά την ανασκαφή και τα αποτeλέσματα μeταγeνέστeρων ανασκαφικών eρeυνών, που διeξήχτησαν το 1911 από τους Dawkins και Droop και την πeρίοδο 1974–1977 από τον Renfrew. Συμπeραίνeται ότι eνώ η διαδοχή των οικιστικών φάσeων στη Φυλακωπή eίναι πιθανώς πeρισσότeρο πeρίπλοκη από την αρχική eκτίμηση του Mackenzie, η πρότασή του για την ύπαρξη τριών διαδοχικών Πόλeων eίναι γeνικά σωστή. Ωστόσο, η Δeύτeρη Πόλη θα πρέπeι να eπαναχρονολογηθeί στη MK–YK II και η Τρίτη στην YK III.
A review of ANN-based short-term load forecasting models

Artificial neural networks (ANN) have recently received considerable attention and a large number of publications concerning ANN-based short-term load forecasting (STLF) have appeared in the literature. An extensive survey of ANN-based load forecasting models is given. The six most important factors which affect the accuracy and efficiency of the load forecasters are presented and discussed. The paper also includes conclusions reached by the authors as a result of their research in this area. >
ACTIVATED OXYGEN: SINGLET MOLECULAR OXYGEN AND SUPEROXIDE ANION

— Elusive processes associated with molecular oxygen in chemical and biological systems are interpreted in terms of two activated oxygen species, singlet molecular oxygen (1Σ+g/1Δg) and superoxide anion (X2πg). The generation and deactivation of singlet oxygen by interaction with organic triplet states are discussed within a comprehensive theoretical framework. Experimental results indicate the anomalous molecular oxygen enhanced luminescence from organic chromophores in polymer matrices results from the deactivation of singlet (1Δg) oxygen by energy transfer to electronically excited states of the chromophore, and three types of oxygen enhanced luminescence have been identified in these systems. Properties of the superoxide anion relevant to its solution chemistry are briefly discussed. Electron transfer theory is used to theoretically examine the generation of singlet oxygen in disproportionation reactions of the superoxide anion, predicting that, depending on the number of water molecules present, the disproportionation reaction is a proficient source of singlet oxygen. A competing quenching process imposes a limit to the steady state concentration of singlet oxygen in most chemical systems. Available experimental results on the quenching of singlet oxygen by superoxide anion are in good agreement with theoretical results obtained via application of electron transfer theory.
GORDON ALLPORT AND THE LEGEND OF RINEHART

Gordon Allport's prize-winning junior-year essay on the Harvard “Rinehart” legend contains several features that are different from all other versions of the legend, most notably in the motives attributed to Rinehart and the responses of the students to him. These changes, it is argued, reflect the influence of Allport's own personality and values, as manifested in his adult life and academic career.
Role of vasopressin in the cardiovascular response to stimulation of the locus coeruleus.

Hypothalamic vasopressin synthesizing nuclei (paraventricular and supraoptic) send vasopressin-containing projections to a number of neural target areas thought to be involved in cardiovascular regulation. One area known to receive vasopressinergic projections from the paraventricular nucleus is the pontine nucleus locus coeruleus. To examine the possible functional participation of vasopressin in central cardiovascular regulation, we examined mean arterial pressure (millimeters of Hg) and heart rate (beats per min) responses to electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus in conscious, unrestrained vasopressin-deficient Brattleboro rats homozygous for diabetes insipidus (DI rats) and long Evans (LE) rats. Rats received chronic arterial and venous catheters and bipolar stimulating electrodes 3–5 days before experiment. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus (100 μA, 10–40 Hz) produced frequency-dependent increases in mean arterial pressure and heart rate in LE and DI, but the responses were significantly les...
Unexpected and Differential Effects of Cl− Channel Blockers on the Kv4.3 and Kv4.2 K+ Channels

Abstract The Kv4.3 K+ channel is thought to underlie the Ca2+-insensitive transient outward current ( I to1) in ventricular myocytes of canine and human heart and to contribute to the I to1 in rat myocytes. It has been suggested that there is a second component of the transient outward current in some species that is contributed by a Ca2+-activated Cl− current (known as I to2). The evidence for the existence of the I to2 current is based, in part, on the pharmacological effects of various Cl− channel blockers. To test for possible interactions between these compounds and I to1, the effect of several different Cl− channel blockers on the Kv4.3 channel was examined. The fenamates (niflumic and flufenamic acid) were found to have large effects on the position of the steady state inactivation curve of the Kv4.3 channel. The disulfonic stilbenes (DIDS and SITS) had markedly different effects and were found to greatly reduce the rate of recovery from inactivation of the Kv4.3 channel without large changes in the position of the activation and steady state inactivation curves. Both classes of drugs produced an apparent blockade of the Kv4.3 channel under some recording conditions. Surprisingly, the closely related Kv4.2 channel was found to be markedly less sensitive to these drugs. Caffeine was found to block both the Kv4.3 and Kv4.2 channels to a similar extent. These nonspecific drug effects have implications for the study of the two components of the transient outward current and suggest that purely pharmacological criteria cannot be used to define the physiological role of I to2.
Silicon-nitride photonic circuits interfaced with monolayer MoS2

We report on the integration of monolayer molybdenum disulphide with silicon nitride microresonators assembled by visco-elastic layer transfer techniques. Evanescent coupling from the resonator mode to the monolayer is confirmed through measurements of cavity transmission. The absorption of the monolayer semiconductor flakes in this geometry is determined to be 850 dB/cm, which is larger than that of graphene and black phosphorus with the same thickness. This technique can be applied to diverse monolayer semiconductors for assembling hybrid optoelectronic devices such as photodetectors and modulators operating over a wide spectral range.
A criticality-driven microarchitectural three dimensional (3D) floorplanner

As technology scales, interconnect delays begin to dominate the performance of modern microprocessors. The ability to reduce the length of global wires has become an important design constraint, however only a subset of those global wires is critical for determining performance. The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) ICs has created the opportunity to reduce global wiring lengths and shorter interconnect delays through the intelligent placement of functional blocks. In this paper, a floorplanner for 3D chips is proposed that organizes functional blocks according to critical microarchitectural communication paths. The floorplanner identifies the potential triggers, in the form of feedback delays, which are responsible for the largest communication costs and places the contributing functional blocks in such a way that those costs are minimized. With our criticality driven 3D placement there is an average IPC improvement of 22% over 2D placement. Over criticality unaware 3D placement, criticality driven 3D placement shows an average IPC improvement of 8%.
Renal Artery Stent Fracture in Patients With Fibromuscular Dysplasia A Cautionary Tale

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic vascular disease that most commonly affects the renal, carotid, and vertebral arteries.1 Renal FMD is associated with renovascular hypertension, and patients may be referred for revascularization, generally with balloon angioplasty. We report a series of 2 patients with renal artery FMD who developed stent fracture. A 16-year-old girl was seen for a second opinion on renal FMD. Hypertension was diagnosed at the age of 13 years and initially treated medically; however, bilateral renal artery angioplasty was subsequently performed for poorly controlled blood pressure. She subsequently underwent placement of a drug eluting stent in the right renal artery for restenosis. Although she initially improved, there was gradual worsening of her blood pressure control. Noninvasive testing was consistent with severe restenosis of the right renal artery stent. Renal arteriography revealed a severe stenosis estimated at 80% in the right renal artery (Figure 1). There was severe narrowing noted at the ostium, resulting in a 70 mm Hg gradient across the lesion. …
The reproach of modalism: a difficulty for Karl Barth's doctrine of the trinity

Though renowned for restoring the dogma of the trinity to a place of honor in Protestant dogmatics, Karl Barth has faced widespread criticism for allegedly introducing an ancient heresy into that very doctrine: the heresy of modalism. In this paper, we analyze: (a) Barth's doctrine of the trinity as presented in his Church Dogmatics I/1; (b) the arguments Barth himself employs against modalism; and (c) those aspects of Barth's doctrine of the trinity which, is his critics' view, commit him to some form of modalism. On this basis, we argue that Barth, in spite of infelicities and even errors in his doctrine of the trinity, does not in any way endorse the heresy of modalism.
The anorexic effect of high altitude on weight gain, nitrogen retention and body composition of rats.

The effects of translocation to high altitude on growth rate, nitro gen retention and body composition were studied in meal-eating albino rats. Ad libi turn-fed, meal-eating rats were rapidly (2.25 hours) translocated from Denver (1,600 meters) to Pikes Peak (4,300 meters), Colorado, and were killed 2, 6 or 14 days later. Identical ad libitum and pair-fed, meal-eating control groups were transported for a similar period within the Denver area. An initial sacrifice group was not transported. Transportation stress suppressed growth of the control ani mals during the transport day even though pretransport food intake was normal. Additionally, the group translocated to Pikes Peak lost more weight on transport day than either control group. Transportation stress depressed (26% ) the food intake of the ad libitum control animals for approximately 24 hours. Transloca tion to high altitude reduced food intake 58% during day 1, 27% during the next 5 days and 16% during the last 7 days. The high altitude animals lost more weight and body nitrogen on day 1 and gained less weight and retained less nitro gen throughout the entire experimental period than the ad libitum control ani mals. The reduction in weight gain and nitrogen retention was primarily attrib uted to reduced food intake. The body weight changes of the high altitude and pair-fed groups were identical through day 10 and the urinary nitrogen excretions were similar throughout the study. The high altitude animals accumulated less carcass water, fat, protein and ash than the ad libitum control animals. This de crease primarily reflected the total growth depression due to the altitude-induced anorexia. Only minor differences were observed when composition was expressed as a percentage of carcass weight or fat-free mass. J. Nutr. 101: 787-796, 1971.
Genes, stress, and depression

A relationship between genetic makeup and susceptibility to major depressive disorder (MDD) has long been suspected on the basis of family and twin studies. A metaanalysis of reports on the basis of twin studies has estimated MDD's degree of heritability to be 0.33 (confidence interval, 0.26-0.39). Among families exhibiting an increased prevalence of MDD, risk of developing the illness was enhanced in members exposed to a highly stressful environment. Aberrant genes can predispose to depression in a number of ways, for example, by diminishing production of growth factors that act during brain development. An aberrant gene could also increase or decrease a neurotransmitter's release into synapses, its actions, or its duration of activity. The gene products of greatest interest at present are those involved in the synthesis and actions of serotonin; among them, the serotonin-uptake protein localized within the terminals and dendrites of serotonin-releasing neurons. It has been found that the Vmax of platelet serotonin uptake is low in some patients with MDD; also, Vmax is highly correlated in twins. Antidepressant drugs such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors act on this uptake protein. The specific genetic locus causing serotonin uptake to be lower in some patients with major depression involves a polymorphic region (5-HTTLPR) in the promoter region of the gene for the uptake protein. The gene itself exists as several alleles, the short "S" allele and the long "L" allele. The S variant is associated with less, and the L variant with more, of the uptake protein. The effect of stressful life events on depressive symptoms in young adults was found to be significantly stronger among SS or SL subjects than among LL subjects. Neuroimaging studies showed that people with the SS or SL alleles exhibited a greater activation of the amygdala in response to fearful stimuli than those with LL. It has been reported recently that mutations in the gene that controls serotonin synthesis in the human brain (tryptophan hydroxylase) also predispose to mood disturbances. It may be asked whether people who lack a psychiatric history should be advised to avoid stressful environments if they are found to carry the SS or SL alleles.
Adapting an Agricultural Soil-Plant-Air-Water Model for use in Forests

As part of an effort to generalize prediction techniques for evapotranspiration (E) and changes in soil water storage for a variety of environmental settings, a Soil-Plant-Air-Water (SPAW) model developed for agriculture was adapted for use in forested land. In this model, the daily change in soil moisture storage is predicted using the sum of measured precipitation, modelled E and measured or estimated runoff. The resulting net gain or loss of moisture is redistributed through the soil profile using a simple Darcian flow submodel. The primary change required for the adaptation was incorporation of a stomatal resistance submodel and use of the Penman-Monteith equation to estimate E. To test the model adaptation, Bowen ratio-energy balance measurements were obtained at 15 minute intervals over a Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) forest in western Washington. The measurements were taken continuously for a period of 117 days from 9 July to 2 November 1981 using a locally designed data acquisition system. Bouyoucos blocks (4 profiles of 3 blocks each) were monitored weekly by a custom designed bridge with digital readout to provide soil moisture potential data, which was reduced to soil moisture content using an experimentally determined soil moisture release curve. Total measured E for the period was 187 mm with a daily mean of 1.61 mm. The mean difference between daily measured and modelled E was 0.02 mm with a standard deviation of 0.57 mm. Observed soil moisture (% by volume) ranged from 8.7% (near field capacity) to 4.7%, while modelled soil moisture ranged from 8.6% to 4.3%.
Fast 4D Sheared Filtering for Interactive Rendering of Distribution Effects

Soft shadows, depth of field, and diffuse global illumination are common distribution effects, usually rendered by Monte Carlo ray tracing. Physically correct, noise-free images can require hundreds or thousands of ray samples per pixel, and take a long time to compute. Recent approaches have exploited sparse sampling and filtering; the filtering is either fast (axis-aligned), but requires more input samples, or needs fewer input samples but is very slow (sheared). We present a new approach for fast sheared filtering on the GPU. Our algorithm factors the 4D sheared filter into four 1D filters. We derive complexity bounds for our method, showing that the per-pixel complexity is reduced from O(n2l2) to O(nl), where n is the linear filter width (filter size is O(n2)) and l is the (usually very small) number of samples for each dimension of the light or lens per pixel (spp is l2). We thus reduce sheared filtering overhead dramatically. We demonstrate rendering of depth of field, soft shadows and diffuse global illumination at interactive speeds. We reduce the number of samples needed by 5-8×, compared to axis-aligned filtering, and framerates are 4× faster for equal quality.
Maximin Justice and an Alternative Principle of General Advantage

John Rawls's theory of justice tries to resolve the question of fair allocation: When, if ever, may some members of society claim rightful privilege over their fellows? Rawls's answer is maximin justice: inequalities are just if, by permitting them, society treats best those whom she treats worst. Rawls attempts to show that this rule binds us all under the terms of a social contract. The present paper tries to show that Rawls's theory will not stand scrutiny. The social contract, as he gives it, disfranchises all but a single social stratum: Why are others bound by it? The maximin principle, allegedly agreed to under this social contract, requires that we judge allocations by ignoring all but one of society's many strata. This leads in turn to arbitrary judgments including ones which at once increase inequality and decrease the total shared by society. An alternative argument is offered, beginning with a social contract requiring agreement on all inequalities among agents for a series of hypothetical social strata. This device is meant to bind all strata, and leads to a principle of general advantage: Inequalities are just if but only if they serve the advantage of some strata and the disadvantage of none. This seemingly paradoxical rule has a clear interpretation and avoids the main difficulties attributed to maximin justice. Like maximin, however, the new doctrine would evidently require a radical redistribution of income in a society like our own.
Stabilization of a solid propellant rocket instability by state feedback

SUMMARY In this paper a globally stabilizing feedback boundary control law for an arbitrarily fine discretization of a one-dimensional nonlinear PDE model of unstable burning in solid propellant rockets is presented. The PDE has a destabilizing boundary condition imposed on one part of the boundary. We discretize the original nonlinear PDE model in space using finite difference approximation and get a high order system of coupled nonlinear ODEs. Then, using backstepping design for parabolic PDEs, properly modified to accommodate the imposed destabilizing nonlinear boundary condition at the burning end, we transform the original system into a target system that is asymptotically stable in l 2 -norm with the same type of boundary condition at the burning end, and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition at the control end. Copyright # 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bain & Political Capital in the 2012 GOP Primary Debates

Mitt Romney’s work at Bain Capital became a centerpiece of the primary campaign in January, 2012. Because its portfolio and practices are so diverse, talking points about Bain were at first unpolished. Such inconsistent and haphazard discussion provided an excellent opportunity to study the refinement of campaign messages to their most politically effective and palatable forms. Furthermore, because private equity is so complex, its net effect is fairly debated—among economists, politicians, and voters alike. Thus, conversations about Bain Capital were often disjointed, allowing politicians a great deal of freedom to frame the issue however they wanted regardless of their opponents’ statements. Value appeal strategies of reconstructing, bypassing, counterblocking, overriding, and undermining, as defined by Cook, are central to this study, which examines the Republican primary debates and the deliberations surrounding Bain Capital as a representation of free market enterprise. The goal of the article is to ...
Partitioning a Set into Mutually Homeomorphic Subsets

(1968). Partitioning a Set into Mutually Homeomorphic Subsets. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 75, No. 10, pp. 1073-1077.