cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Coronary artery cardiomyopathy: hemodynamic and prognostic implications

To assess the prevalence and significance of left ventricular dilatation in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction secondary to coronary artery disease (or coronary artery cardiomyopathy), we studied 70 patients with an ejection fraction of 35 percent or less and one-vessel coronary artery disease (n = 14) or with multivessel coronary artery disease (n = 56). None had had a recent myocardial infarction or valvular heart disease. Patients who underwent myocardial revascularization during follow-up were excluded. The left ventricular end-diastolic volume (measured by contrast ventriculography) was less than 110 ml/sq m in 14 patients (20 percent) (group 1), and was 110 ml/sq m or more in 56 patients (80 percent) (group 2). There were no differences between the two groups in age, sex, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, extent of coronary artery disease, or left ventricular asynergy. Patients in group 1 had lower pulmonary arterial wedge pressure (13±6 vs 22±10 mm Hg; p =0.0008), lower left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (21±6 vs 27±9 mm Hg; p = 0.007), and higher left ventricular ejection fraction (31±2 vs 25±7 percent; p = 0.001) than patients in group 2. At a mean follow-up of 27 months, 24 patients had died of cardiac causes, all of whom were in group 2. Survival was significantly better in group 1 than in group 2 (Mantel-Cox, p = 0.009). Survival analysis (Cox models) of 20 clinical, hemodynamic, and angiographic variables showed that ejection fraction (χ 2 = 13.6; p 2 =4.7; p = 0.03) were the most significant predictors of death. Thus, minimally dilated coronary artery cardiomyopathy is a distinct entity with favorable hemodynamics. Prognostically, the end-diastolic volume adds significant predictive information to the ejection fraction among conservatively treated patients.
Information extraction from Medline

The goal of our project is to develop methods for extracting information from on-line, scientific text Sources (such as Medline), and mapping this information into a structured format (i.e. a knowledge base) so that it can be used for query answering and problem solving. We are developing novel machine-learning methods for inducing such information-extraction routines from training data. The first application of our technology is being used to support genomics research in the field of gastroenterology.
Microfluidic, Bead-Based Assay: Theory and Experiments

Microbeads are frequently used as a solid support for biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids in heterogeneous microfluidic assays. However, relatively few studies investigate the binding kinetics on modified bead surfaces in a microfluidics context. In this study, a customized hot embossing technique is used to stamp microwells in a thin plastic substrate where streptavidin-coated agarose beads are selectively placed and subsequently immobilized within a conduit. Biotinylated quantum dots are used as a label to monitor target analyte binding to the bead's surface. Three-dimensional finite element simulations are carried out to model the binding kinetics on the bead's surface. The model accounts for surface exclusion effects resulting from a single quantum dot occluding multiple receptor sites. The theoretical predictions are compared and favorably agree with experimental observations. The theoretical simulations provide a useful tool to predict how varying parameters affect microbead reaction kinetics and sensor performance. This study enhances our understanding of bead-based microfluidic assays and provides a design tool for developers of point-of-care, lab-on-chip devices for medical diagnosis, food and water quality inspection, and environmental monitoring.
A Method of Real-Time Data Acquisition and Exchange in Adaptation to Integrated Dispatching Automation System

With the development of computer technology and power grid, integrated dispatching automation system has been gradually applied and used, for it has made considerable progress in technological advance and functional reliability. A method of real-time data acquisition and exchange that adapts to integrated dispatching automation system is proposed, which follows the principle of distributed collection and centralized use. It makes full use of dispatching data network and service bus, to achieve the integration of point multi-source data processing, data forwarding and data remote access, under the situation of normal operation or network failure.
Sentence imitation by adolescents and young adults with Down's syndrome and other intellectual disabilities

Sentence imitation performance was evaluated longitudinally in 26 adolescents and young adults with Down's syndrome (DS), and 26 age- and IQ-matched non-DS individuals with other causes of intellectual disability (ID). In each of three annual assessments, the DS group began sentence repetitions more slowly and imitated sentences less accurately than the ID group. DS sentence repetition accuracy was equivalent to the ID group only for two-word sentences and was poorer for every other sentence length. Comparisons of sentence imitation and auditory digit span scores suggested that only ID subjects benefitted from the additional meaning and structure provided by sentences. Correlational analyses performed between each year's sentence imitation score and a set of language, memory and hearing measures revealed that sentence imitation was related to grammatical comprehension, auditory short-term memory and IQ in both groups, and to expressive language ability, speed of spoken word processing, speech discrimination and acoustic reflexes in the DS group only. A significant relationship between sentence imitation and middle-ear functioning was further supported by a categorical analysis in which DS subjects with bilateral abnormal tympanograms tended to perform more poorly on sentence imitation tasks than DS subjects with at least one normal tympanogram. It was concluded that sentence imitation is a task that is sensitive to the auditory-perceptual, cognitive and expressive difficulties evidenced by individuals with DS.
Amygdaloid propagation to the brain stem (electrophysiological study)

Abstract 1. 1. Propagated electrical after-discharges from the amygdala to the brain stem were studied in 77 awake cats. Analysis was made according to the spatial distribution and amplitude of the after-discharges. 2. 2. Propagation to the brain stem was discussed in terms of longitudinal, transverse and vertical spread. 3. 3. Ipsilaterality was a strong feature of the amygdaloid propagated discharge throughout the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The ratio was 2.3:1. 4. 4. Propagated activity presented a 50 per cent drop in its course from the diencephalon to the mesencephalon. 5. 5. The medio-cortical-central group of amygdaloid nuclei appear to propagate diffusely into the diencephalic and mesencephalic brain stem. They were designated the Amygdalo-Dien-Mesencephalic System. 6. 6. The baso-lateral and anterior amygdaloid nuclei were less inclined to propagate to the mesencephalon. They appeared to concentrate in the diencephalon and thus were designated the Amygdalo-Diencephalic System. 7. 7. Points containing propagated activity greater than 200 μV. amplitude appeared to be most numerous in the hypothalamus. Its ipsilateral-contralateral ratio was 3:1 8. 8. Propagation to the mesencephalon was concentrated in the ipsilateral ventral quadrant. 9. 9. After-discharges originating from the medial-cortical group have a tendency to be longer than those from other subdivisions. 10. 10. After-discharges originating from the anterior amygdaloid area are shorter in duration than those from other amygdaloid subdivisions.
Effects of nonnutritive sucking on state and activity: Term-preterm comparisons

Abstract The effects of ad libitum access to a pacifier on the behavioral state and motor activity of preterm infants have been compared with those observed in full-term neonates. Regardless of maturity, nonnutritive sucking (NNS) decreases the amount of time spent in active states and increases that spent in quiescent states, lengthens the longest state bout, and decreases the frequency of state transitions. NNS also reduces overall motor activity as well as that during Active Sleep. Provided such ad libitum sucking opportunity, preterm infants thus appear to derive no less benefit from NNS than do term neonates. This result contrasts with an earlier finding that preterms are less soothed by NNA than are term infants.
Inkjet printing virus-based sensors

Bacteriophages are viruses that infect bacteria. They are highly specific for bacteria; moreover, one phage can only infect a subgroup of strains within the same bacterial species. Therefore, bacteriophage attached to a surface offers a promising method to detect specific bacterial pathogens in an air or water environment. We envision a pattern of such phage-sensing spots or lines printed onto a surface to provide sensitivity to multiple organisms and multi-sensor reliability. To realize such an application several key technical challenges must first be overcome. The phage must be attached or printed on a surface such that it remains able to interact with and infect the bacteria. After infection there must be a system for growing the bacteria and amplifying the phage without losing the integrity of the pattern. This article discusses the potential of inkjet printed viruses as sensors for bacterial detection and shows our initial efforts in exploring the immobilization of M 13 as a model virus on various substrates via inkjet printing and examining the infectivity of viruses to E. coli cells after the immobilization. Virus lines are inkjet printed on glass, textiles and gels with immobilization via chemical bonding or a soft polymer overlayer. Agrose top overlay assays were preformed to evaluate the infectivity of immobilized M 13 viruses.
pSNOW: a tool to evaluate architectural issues for NOW environments

Performance evaluation plays a crucial role in the design of any system. Evaluation tools should clearly identify, isolate and quantify the bottlenecks in the execution to help restructure the application for better performance, as well as suggest enhancements to the existing design. While there has been significant progress recently in novel network interface designs and system software solutions to lower the communication overheads on emerging high performance Network of Workstations environments, performance evaluation tools for these environments have not kept pace with this progress. In this research, we present an execution-driven simulation tool called pSNOW that provides us a unified framework to model different system software and architectural designs, and evaluate these designs using real applications. Using this tool, we model three network interfaces and three communication software substrates, and evaluate their relative merits and demerits.
Returns to education: What do twin studies control?

The current article examines the assumptions of the MZ co-twin control method that has been applied in attempts to gain more accurate estimates of the returns to education by naturally 'controlling' for individual differences on which MZ twins are matched. The current study examined 1738 MZ and 926 DZ twins from Minnesota, including 133 pairs of MZ and 101 pairs of DZ twins discordant for university attendance. They were assessed prospectively on personality, intelligence, GPA, and academic motivation; a subset also has reported income at age 29. MZ twins discordant for university attendance differed significantly and prospectively on verbal IQ, personality traits, and GPA. While MZ co-twin control studies can provide more accurate estimates of the returns to education than analyses of single individuals, these studies do not entirely obviate the need to control for differences between university students and non-students that predate university attendance and might account for income differentials and even non-monetary outcomes.
A Typology of Mixed Methods Sampling Designs in Social Science Research

This paper provides a framework for developing sampling designs in mixed methods research. First, we present sampling schemes that have been associated with quantitative and qualitative research. Second, we discuss sample size considerations and provide sample size recommendations for each of the major research designs for quantitative and qualitative approaches. Third, we provide a sampling design typology and we demonstrate how sampling designs can be classified according to time orientation of the components and relationship of the qualitative and quantitative sample. Fourth, we present four major crises to mixed methods research and indicate how each crisis may be used to guide sampling design considerations. Finally, we emphasize how sampling design impacts the extent to which researchers can generalize their findings. Key Words: Sampling Schemes, Qualitative Research, Generalization, Parallel Sampling Designs, Pairwise Sampling Designs, Subgroup Sampling Designs, Nested Sampling Designs, and Multilevel Sampling Designs
How similar are pay structures in 'similar' departments of economics?

Using a unique panel data set spanning 21 years, we estimate a fixed-effects model of pay determination for five Ph.D.-granting departments of economics in large Midwestern state universities. Despite program similarities, no two departments have comparable reward structures, which points to the perils of generalizing across universities. We also explore the effects of faculty leaves. Although the first sabbatical leave typically has little effect on pay, a second sabbatical is usually associated with higher pay, consistent with the proposition that a second sabbatical restores more lost human capital than the first sabbatical. With some exceptions, leaves without pay are associated with lower pay. Finally, in estimating rewards for research, we find that at four of the universities returns to quality overwhelm returns to quantity. At these universities, an article published in the AER boosts pay by as much as 11 percent, whereas an article in an unranked journal increases pay by at most 1%. © 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Scat: System Control Analysis and Training Simulator

Current and proposed military communications networks are required to provide effective service in stressed environments involving unusual traffic demands and losses of network assets. To maintain service under these conditions, a near real time flow of network status information, sufficient to support quick diagnosis, is necessary. In most modern networks, a human controller has the ultimate responsibility to interpret status information for the entire network or for some subset of it. The network controller must be experienced in the network problems and in the selection of appropriate corrective actions. In most cases, the network controller is given little opportunity to gain experience through experimentation and his or her only training medium is the operational network itself.
Enhanced susceptibility of cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 knockout mice to high fat diet induced atherosclerosis.

Cyclin kinase inhibitor p21 is one of the most potent inhibitors of aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation, a key mediator of atherosclerosis. This study tests if p2l deficiency will result in severe atherosclerosis in a mouse model. p21-/- and strain matched wild type mice were fed with high fat diet for 21 weeks. Analysis for biochemical parameters (cholesterol, triglycerides) in serum and mRNA expression of CD36, HO-1, TGF-β, IFN-γ, TNF-α, PPAR-γ and NADPH oxidase components (p22phox, NOX-1 and Rac-1) was performed in aortic tissues by Real Time PCR. p21-/- mice gained significantly (p < 0.01) more weight than wild type mice, triglycerides (p < 0.05) and cholesterol levels (p < 0.01) were more pronounced in the sera of p21-/- compared to wild type mice fed with high fat diet. High fat diet resulted in significantly decreased TGF-β (p < 0.02), HO-l (p < 0.02) and increased CD36 (p < 0.03) mRNA expression in aortic tissues of p21-/- mice compared to animal fed with regular diet. IFN-γ mRNA expression (235 ± 11 folds) increased significantly in high fat diet fed p21-/- mice and a multifold modulation of PPAR-γ(136 ± 7), p22phox, NOX-1 and Rac-1 (15–35-folds) mRNA in aortic tissues from p21-/- mice compared to the wild type mice. Severity of atherosclerotic lesions was significantly higher in p21-/- compared to wild type mice. The results demonstrate that the deficiency of p21 leads to altered expression of pro-atherogenic genes, and severe atherosclerosis in mice fed with high fat diet. This opens the possibility of p21 protein as a therapeutic tool to control progression of atherosclerosis.
Nicotinic receptor signaling in nonexcitable epithelial cells: paradigm shifting from ion current to kinase cascade. Focus on “Upregulation of nuclear factor-κB expression by SLURP-1 is mediated by α7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and involves both ionic events and activation of protein kinases”

IN THIS ISSUE ,D R .G RANDO’S research group reports an agonistlike upregulation of nuclear factor-B (NF-B) expression by SLURP (secreted mammalian Ly-6/urokinase plasminogen activator receptor-related protein)-1, which is mediated by 7nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (nAChRs) and which involves both ionic events and activation of protein kinases (10). The elucidation of the mechanism for SLURP-1 signaling in the nonexcitable cells opens a door for novel approaches to pharmacologic regulation of the cellular functions controlled by autocrine/paracrine actions of ACh. Nonneuronal Cholinergic System
Measuring the Sensitivity of an Indirect Predator Gut Content ELISA: Detectability of Prey Remains in Relation to Predator Species, Temperature, Time, and Meal Size

The gut contents of three species of insect predators that were fed either a variable or a fixed number of pink bollworm eggs but held at variable time and temperature regimes were assayed by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The sensitivity and efficacy of the monoclonal antibody-based ELISA was dependent on the predator species examined. Small predators were more immunoresponsive to the ELISA than large predators. Furthermore, the assay sensitivity was dependent on the number of prey consumed, elapsed time after feeding, and temperature at which the predators were held. The smaller predator species retained recognizable traces of prey remains for longer periods than larger predator species. The ELISA efficacy decreased with increasing ambient temperature. A series of regression equations have been developed to estimate the median detection interval of prey in a predator's gut that takes into account the predator species examined, the quantity of prey consumed, and ambient after-meal temperature.
Comparison shopping for a gradient-corrected density functional

mGradient corrections to the local spin density (LSD) approximation for the exchangecorrelation energy are making density functional theory as useful in quantum chemistry as it is in solid-state physics. But which of the many gradient-corrected density functionals should be preferred a priori? We make a graphical comparison of the gradient dependencies of some popular approximations, discussing the exact formal conditions which each obeys and identifying which conditions seem most important. For the exchange energy, there is little formal or practical reason to choose among the Perdew-Wang 86, Becke 88, or Perdew-Wang 91 functionals. But, for the correlation energy, the best formal properties are displayed by the nonempirical rw91 correlation functional. Furthermore, the real-space foundation of rw91 yields an insight into the character of the gradient expansion which suggests that rw91 should work especially well for solids. Indeed, while improving dissociation energies over LSD, rw91 remains the most "local" of the gradient-corrected exchange-correlation functionals and, thus, the least likely to overcorrect the subtle errors of LSD for solids. To show that our analysis of spin-unpolarized functionals is sufficient, we also compute spin-polarization energies for atoms, finding ~w91 values only slightly more negative than SD values. Wiley & Sons, Inc. 0 1996 John
Bush's Happy Performative

Before the first smart bomb and first missile hit Iraq in March 2003, President George W. Bush's war talk had already caused enormous, some say incalculable, damage. The promise of a preemptive attack undermined a long-standing tradition governing U.S. foreign policy; the United Nations was sidelined; stalwart allies were bullied and discarded; economic indicators plummeted; anxious U.S. citizens were told to create "safe spaces" with duct tape and bottled water. In this "war" that is not a war but an invasion, Bush's main weapon is whatJ.L. Austin called "the performative"-language that acts. Declarations of war, contracts, curses-these are instances when saying something does something. The words establish a contractual arrangement within the specific framework or convention in which they are uttered. Unlike a constative, which states a "fact," a performative masquerades; it is a "disguised" form that "apes" a statement of fact while operating as a deed done. Austin posited this difference between constatives and performatives: "The constative utterance is true or false and the performative is happy or unhappy" (1962:54). Austin was not thinking about declarations of war when he argued that performatives were either "happy" (carried through successfully) or "unhappy" (when they failed due to procedural or other errors). But here we are, nearly a half-century after Austin, faced with the paradox of Bush's happy performative and the untold damage it is accomplishing. In the build-up to the invasion, Bush's language acted. Claims, boasts, and declarations masqueraded as truths. All evidence to the contrary was dismissed: the U.N. Security Council had failed-"[I]t has not lived up to its responsibilities"; inspections didn't work; diplomacy had failed-"[W]e are not dealing with peaceful men" (Bush 2003). Even when threatened with elimination, Saddam Hussein refused to leave Iraq of his own volition. For a performative to function smoothly-to be happy-a series of conditions must be met. For starters, the utterance needs to take place in the context of an appropriate conventional framework. Next, the words have to be uttered by a person empowered to do so. Thus, in his 17 March 2oo3 address to the nation, the President of the United States was set up in the White House surrounded by flags and official seals, reminding us that he is indeed the person authorized to order an unauthorized "war" against Iraq: "The tyrant will soon be gone. The day of your liberation is near." This, Bush promised "by the oath
Engineering concepts in the high school classroom: the Dartmouth/Thayer problem-solving methods

In the early 1960s, the introductory course in engineering offered at Dartmouth's Thayer School of Engineering was re-designed to focus on the introduction and implementation of problem-solving strategies used by engineers in practice. In 1990, having determined that this course would find great interest among K-12 educational practitioners, we encapsulated it into a program for high school science and math teachers. "Engineering Concepts for the High School Classroom" includes an intensive summer workshop, post-workshop consultation and communication with Thayer School staff and other past participants, and materials development. The program offers teachers a framework wherein their students develop problem-solving skills requiring critical thinking, communication and teamwork. Within this framework, students are given the opportunity to define their own problems and develop original solutions to those problems. They make testable predictions and analyze test results, encounter the real world in the search for answers, take into account ideas from a variety of disciplines, and communicate their findings both in a traditional written format and orally to a review board composed of professionals in the field. As students develop new skills and learn to trust their own judgment, they also accomplish highly technical tasks, giving them solid expertise in their field of inquiry. This paper describes the program and its method provides examples of high school classroom results, and discusses its dissemination beyond Dartmouth through workshops composed and run by past participants in this program.
Using the boundaries of science to do boundary-work among scientists: pollution and purity claims

The primary purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the boundary between science and nonscience gets used to do boundary-work among scientists. Claims that scientists have been polluted by breaches of this boundary, or, conversely, claims that scientists remain pure and unpolluted, are effectively ways to construct boundaries within science, between more and less authoritative scientists. A secondary purpose of this article is to identify sources of pollution and purity claims. Examples are taken from a case study of the role owl and forest scientists played in constructing nature and environmental policy in the Pacific Northwest.
Use and Selection of Bridges as Day Roosts by Rafinesque's Big-Eared Bats

ABSTRACT Rafinesque's big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) use bridges as day roosts in parts of their range, but information on bridge use across their range is lacking. From May to Aug. 2002 we surveyed 1129 bridges (12.5%) within all 46 counties of South Carolina to determine use and selection of bridges as day roosts by big-eared bats and to document their distribution across the state. During summer 2003, we visited 235 bridges in previously occupied areas of the state to evaluate short-term fidelity to bridge roosts. We found colonies and solitary big-eared bats beneath 38 bridges in 2002 and 54 bridges in 2003. Construction type and size of bridges strongly influenced use in both years; bats selected large, concrete girder bridges and avoided flat-bottomed slab bridges. The majority of occupied bridges (94.7%) were in the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains, but a few bridges (5.3%) were located in the Piedmont. Rafinesque's big-eared bats were absent beneath bridges in the Blue Ridge Mountains. We...
Heart Retransplant Recipients Have Better Survival With Concurrent Kidney Transplant Than With Heart Retransplant Alone

Background Heart retransplant (HRT) recipients represent a growing number of transplant patients. The impact of concurrent kidney transplants (KTs) in this population has not been well studied. We tested the hypothesis that recipients of HRT with concurrent KT (HRT‐KT) would have worse survival than recipients of HRT alone. Methods and Results A retrospective analysis of the United Network of Organ Sharing database was performed for all patients undergoing HRT from 1987 to 2011. There were 1660 HRT patients, of which 116 (7%) received concurrent KT. Those who received HRT‐KT had older age, longer wait‐list time, worse kidney function, and more known diabetes. Survival among recipients of HRT‐KT was significantly better than that of recipients of HRT alone ( P =0.005). A subgroup of 323 HRT patients with severe kidney dysfunction (estimated glomerular filtration rate <30 mL/min per 1.73 m2 or on dialysis) was studied in more detail, and 76 (24%) received concurrent KT. Those on dialysis at the time of HRT had better survival with versus without concurrent KT ( P <0.0001). On multivariable analysis, concurrent KT was independently associated with better outcomes for all patients with HRT and for the subgroup of patients with severe kidney dysfunction. Conclusions Recipients of HRT‐KT have better survival than recipients of HRT alone. Further research is needed to determine which HRT patients may benefit the most from concurrent KT.
Development of a pair splicer

Short-time joining operations in the field increase the efficiency of cable installation. To realize a short-time joining operation and reduce the length of the joined fiber portion, mass-connecting techniques for optical fibers have been studied.1 However, as the mass-connecting fiber number increases, the more difficult is highly accurate connector molding and machining. This paper describes a new connection method consisting of a single pair of multiple fiber units, a so-called pair splicer.
Effect of Emphysema Severity on the Apnea–Hypopnea Index in Smokers with Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Rationale: The presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is referred to as the OSA-COPD overlap syndrome. While lung inflation has been shown to be an important factor in determining upper airway stability, its role in determining OSA severity in smokers, including those with emphysema, has not been evaluated.Objectives: To evaluate the importance of lung inflation on OSA severity (apnea–hypopnea index [AHI]) in smokers with suspected OSA.Methods: Fifty-one smokers (18 males; mean [±SD] age, 59 ± 9 yr; body mass index [BMI], 32 ± 9 kg/m2) who were part of the Genetic Epidemiology of COPD (COPDGene) project were studied. Patients underwent a full-night polysomnography for suspected OSA. Other testing included spirometry and volumetric chest computed tomography (CT) for quantitative measurement of CT-derived percent emphysema and CT-derived percent gas trapping.Measurements and Main Results: For the group overall, there was evidence of obstructiv...
Canada Once Again at the Oscars: Kim Nguyen's Rebelle, the Tale of an African Girl Child Soldier

In 2013, for the third year in a row, a Canadian film by a Quebec director was named a finalist for the US Oscar in Best Foreign Films. Kim Nguyen’s Rebelle (War Witch), about child soldiers in Africa, continued and expanded the focus on international issues that had characterized the two previous Canadian nominees, Denis Villeneuve’s Incendies and Philippe Falardeau’s Monsieur Lazare. One of the few films to treat the worldwide problem of children abducted and forced to participate in combat, Rebelle is unusual in taking as its central character a young girl. Although Komona is forcibly abducted, made to shoot her own parents and engage in combat, Nguyen also allows his character a romantic relationship and a surprisingly happy ending. In detailing the steps of his girl soldier’s reintegration into society, accompanied by her illegitimate child, Nguyen’s project seems to echo the findings of important studies sponsored by the Canadian International Development Agency.
On In Silico Pharmacology for Huanglianjiedu Decoction

This research is to study the in silico pharmacology of Huanglianjiedu Decoction,and explain the multi-target compound effects.Based on computer aided drug design(CADD),consisting of molecular docking,pharmacophore search,virtual screening was carried out to search the database targeting by three target enzymes: A5-lipoxygenase(A5LOX),IkBKB,and PDE32.An aggregating analysis was performed to evaluate in silico pharmacology.There were respectively 40,36,28 compounds that showed potential inhibition with the target enzymes,and 23 molecules could inhibit the two more enzymes,among which Compound 10-acetyl geniposide and salidroside hase biological effect on the three targets.Our research gave a molecular description of multi-target compound effects and In silico pharmacology of the Decoction.Besides,the research showed hint for clinical application and in-depth study for the Decoction.
Clinical and laboratory predictors of clomiphene response.

A prospective study was carried out on 158 anovulatory women for the purpose of finding parameters that might predict the clomiphene dose at which ovulation would occur. Both body weight and obesity were positively correlated with the dose required to achieve ovulation ( P
Selective transepicardial ablation in the immature canine myocardium. A more precise method.

The numerous surgical and transcatheter ablation methods widely applicable to the adult heart have had limited use and efficacy in the immature myocardium. This study introduces a more precise modification of the transepicardial approach to ablation, applicable to the immature heart, by combining selective mapping and simultaneous ablation techniques. To determine the specificity of this method, we attempted His bundle and sinus node ablations in 14 beagle puppies (aged 2 to 4 months). After a thoracotomy, a custom bipolar needle mapping/ablation probe, attached to a standard electrophysiologic recorder, was applied along the aortoatrial and atrial-superior vena caval junctions to record maximal epicardial His bundle and sinus node impulses, respectively. Complete ablation was achieved by the single injection of 10% formalin specifically into the desired target region of the conduction system after the probe was advanced into the myocardium proper. Ventricular pacing was then instituted, the thoracotomy closed, and the animals allowed to recover. After 4 months’ observation, bidirectional complete atrioventricular block persisted. High right atrial electrical activity was absent in the animals that underwent sinus node ablation. Programmed stimulation failed to induce any arrhythmias. Histologic study demonstrated selective His bundle and sinus node destruction with minimal involvement of surrounding tissue. This study demonstrates a reproducible transepicardial approach to precise ablation in the immature heart.
Life on the edge: Determinants of selective neuronal vulnerability in Parkinson's disease

One of the defining features of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is its sparsely distributed pathology. This chapter explores the hypothesis that this selective vulnerability can be traced back to an unusual neuronal phenotype. This phenotype is best exemplified by dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), whose loss is responsible for the cardinal motor symptoms of PD. These neurons have extraordinarily long and branched axons, sustained autonomous spiking, and elevated levels of cytosolic Ca2+, in addition to a chemically reactive neurotransmitter. This combination of features leads to sustained elevations in mitochondrial oxidative stress, possibly as a consequence of the reliance on feed-forward control of mitochondrial metabolism, and to increased susceptibility to alpha-synuclein (aSYN) aggregation. These derivative features could increase the impact of aging, genetic mutations, and environmental toxins linked to increased risk of PD, providing a unifying theory of PD pathogenesis. Although most of these traits are not amenable to therapeutic manipulation, Ca2+ loading is indeed, because it stems from opening of Cav1 (L-type) Ca2+ channels – channels that are antagonized by dihydropyridine drugs long used for the treatment of hypertension. Epidemiological studies have revealed that the use of dihydropyridines is associated with a reduced risk of developing PD. As a consequence, a large phase III clinical trial is underway in North America to determine if one of the dihydropyridines (isradipine) can slow PD progression.
Permutations, Partitions, and Power Series

Statistics on permutations and rearrangements are defined and relationships between q-analogues of n, \(n!\), and \(\binom{n}{k}\) are proved. Integer partitions are defined and a few results concerning them are discussed. Generating functions are introduced as both elements of the ring of formal power series and complex valued functions.
Inkjet Bioprinting of 3D Silk Fibroin Cellular Constructs Using Sacrificial Alginate.

Silk fibroin is a natural protein which has shown great promise for tissue engineering but is not printable due to slow gelation or harsh gelation conditions which are not cell-friendly. In this study, a two-step gelation process is proposed for the printing of silk fibroin, which utilizes alginate as a sacrificial hydrogel during an inkjetting-based process. A cell-laden blend of alginate with silk fibroin is utilized to achieve rapid gelation by calcium alginate formation during printing; it is followed by horseradish peroxidase (HRP) catalyzed covalent cross-linking of the fibroin protein at tyrosine residues after printing. This two-step gelation process successfully enables 3D bioprinting of well-defined cell-laden silk fibroin constructs suitable for long-term culture. The constructs remain intact after calcium chelation to liquefy the alginate component, demonstrating the formation of silk fibroin hydrogel. NIH 3T3 fibroblasts proliferate and spread through the hydrogel after printing. Increasing m...
Catalyst-Controlled Multicomponent Aziridination of Chiral Aldehydes

A highly diastereoselective and enantioselective method for the multicomponent aziridination of chiral aldehydes has been developed with BOROX catalysts of the VANOL (3,3'-diphenyl-2,2'-bi-1-naphthol) and VAPOL (2,2'-diphenyl-(4-biphenanthrol)) ligands. Very high to perfect catalyst control is observed with most all substrates examined including aldehydes with chiral centers in the α- and β-positions. High catalyst control was also observed for a number of chiral heterocyclic aldehydes allowing for the preparation of epoxy aziridines, bis(aziridines) and ethylene diaziridines. Application of this reaction in the synthesis of β3 -homo-d-alloisoleucine and β3 -homo-l-isoleucine is reported.
Selection of energy efficiency measures to enhance the effectiveness of pre-cooling in residential buildings in hot arid climate

Energy efficiency represents the most cost-effective way to achieve energy goals, as it does not require investment in renewable energy and is often achievable through low-cost technology retrofits or behavior modifications. This study investigates the impacts of energy efficiency measures on the effectiveness of pre-cooling in residential buildings as a means of reducing operating peak loads and costs in a home. This study simulated (and validated the simulation through monitoring) a typical residential building in Phoenix, Arizona to analyze the impact of upgrading a residential building that implements pre-cooling with two scenarios: (1) match the benchmark of ASHRAE 90.2–2007, and (2) surpass the standard by enhancing its properties to reduce the total energy demand by 20%. This article contributes to the body of knowledge by demonstrating a method to identify and select those types of efficiency measures that best enhance the effectiveness of pre-cooling strategies in residential buildings in a hot–a...
Right Brain: Home is where the heart is.

Home. Few 4-letter words can be more haunting, and at times, more impossible, to a physician. “I want to go home.” These were the words that were on 3-second repeat 3 days before my 66-year-old patient died in the intensive care unit (ICU). Whispering in a rumbling murmur, barely audible, my patient's voice was still fervent in its desire to connect, to inform those in his company of his wish.
Nadolol and verapamil for symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Source Citation Gilligan DM, Chan WL, Joshi J, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial of nadolol and verapamil in mild and moderately symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J A...
Electronic Muscles and Skins: A Review of Soft Sensors and Actuators

This article reviews several classes of compliant materials that can be utilized to fabricate electronic muscles and skins. Different classes of materials range from compliant conductors, semiconductors, to dielectrics, all of which play a vital and cohesive role in the development of next generation electronics. This paper covers recent advances in the development of new materials, as well as the engineering of well-characterized materials for the repurposing in applications of flexible and stretchable electronics. In addition to compliant materials, this article further discusses the use of these materials for integrated systems to develop soft sensors and actuators. These new materials and new devices pave the way for a new generation of electronics that will change the way we see and interact with our devices for decades to come.
Vibrational Potential Energy Surfaces in Ground and Excited Electronic States

Abstract Infrared and Raman spectra of molecules, often of vapor samples at high temperatures and/or utilizing special sample cells, have been utilized to investigate molecular structures, conformations, and vibrational potential energy surfaces (PESs) in electronic ground states. Similarly, laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and ultraviolet spectra have provided the data for investigating electronic excited states. Theoretical ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations have complemented the experimental work. The focus of the work has been on cyclic and bicyclic molecules that possess large-amplitude motions such as the ring-puckering and ring-twisting vibrations. We first discuss molecules with intramolecular π-type hydrogen bonding in cyclic and bicyclic alcohols and amines. This type of bonding is achieved only when the ring puckering or ring twisting and OH or NH 2 torsional coordinates are at their optimal positions. Second, we review the Raman spectra of 1,3-butadiene that allowed us to calculate the torsional potential energy function for this molecule. Third, we examine the ultraviolet electronic spectra of pyridine and several fluoropyridines and discuss their potential energy functions in electronic excited states. Fourth, we present our experimental data and theoretical calculations for the two-dimensional PESs of three unusual molecules. In each case, the characteristics of the energy levels and their corresponding wave functions are discussed in detail. Fifth, the PESs for the torsional vibrations of stilbenes are reviewed. Sixth, we summarize our results for the ground and excited states of several bicyclic aromatics including the remarkable 1,3-benzodioxole molecule, which possesses the anomeric effect. Lastly, we describe our results on the LIF spectra of cyclic ketones that generally possess double-minimum PESs for the carbonyl inversion vibrations in their S 1 (n, π⁎) excited states.
A Systematic Analysis of Transition Coursework Required for Special Education Licensure

The field of secondary special education and transition has long advocated for quality training at the preservice level. However, transition-focused coursework is not required for all special educa...
The Radiologic Approach to Arthritis

The radiographic examination plays an extremely important role in the diagnosis of unknown articular disorders. Appropriate radiographic techniques and modalities must be used. Accurate diagnosis is based on knowledge of specific radiographic signs that accompany a specific disorder and knowledge of the common sites in which these changes will be seen.
Conformational Control of Initiation Rate in Hoveyda–Grubbs Precatalysts

When the coordinating isopropyl ether of the Hoveyda precatalyst is replaced by a cyclohexyl ether, it is possible to control the substituent’s conformation in either the equatorial or axial position. A stereodivergent synthesis of axial and equatorial cyclohexyl vinyl ethers provided access to new ruthenium metathesis precatalysts by carbene exchange. The conformational disposition of the coordinating aryl ether was found to have a significant effect on the reactivity of the precatalyst in alkene metathesis. The synthesis of four new Ru carbene complexes is reported, featuring either the 1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)dihydroimidazolylidene (H2IMes) or the 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)dihydroimidazolylidene (SIPr) N-heterocyclic carbene ligand. The conformational isomers in the SIPr series were structurally characterized. Performance testing of all new precatalysts in three different ring-closing metatheses and an alkene cross metathesis illustrated superior performance by the precatalysts bearing axial ...
Reflecting on the What and Why of Whole Number Arithmetic: A Commentary on Chapter 5

This chapter discusses some matters raised by Chap. 5, both the general ideas and some specific sections. A main theme is the non-trivial nature, both of the historical development and the teaching, of the base-ten place value system. A second main theme is that the power of the system stems from its consistency with algebraic structure. A sequence of five stages of understanding of the base-ten system is reviewed, with emphasis on the importance of understanding that base-ten notation expresses each number as a sum of pieces of a special type. The value of being able to work with the pieces, for understanding the computational algorithms, and especially for discussing approximation, is reviewed. To facilitate focus on the pieces and their role, a standard name for them is called for. Also advocated is greater emphasis on understanding large numbers.
Imagining Judges that Apply Law: How They Might Do It

"Judges should apply the law, not make it." That plea appears perennially in American politics. American legal scholars belittle it as a simple-minded demand that is silly and misleading. A glance beyond our shores dispels the notion that the American public is naive to expect judges to apply rather than to make law.American obsession with judicial lawmaking has its price: indifference to judicial law applying. If truth be told, practically we have no method for judges, as a matter of routine, to apply law to facts. Our failure leads American legal scholars to question whether applying law to facts is a necessary feature of civil procedure at all.German civil justice does have a method for routinely applying law to facts. It is called, in German, the "Relationstechnik," that is, in English, literally "relationship technique." This article introduces it to American lawyers and judges and shows how it helps make German civil justice effective.
Identifying novel genetic determinants for oxidative stress tolerance in Candida glabrata via adaptive laboratory evolution.

Candida glabrata (C glabrata) is an important yeast of industrial and medical significance. Resistance to oxidative stress is an important trait affecting its robustness as a production host or virulence as a pathogenic agent, but current understanding of resistance mechanisms is still limited in this fungus. In this study, we rapidly evolved C glabrata population to adapt to oxidative challenge (from 80mM to 350mM of H2 O2 ) through short-term adaptive laboratory evolution. Adaptive mutants were isolated from evolved populations and subjected to phenotypic and omics analyses to identify potential mechanisms of tolerance to H2 O2 . Phenotypic characterizations revealed faster detoxification of H2 O2 and ability to initiate growth at a higher concentration of the oxidant in the isolated adaptive mutants compared with the wild type. Genome resequencing and genome-wide transcriptome analysis revealed multiple genetic determinants (eg, CAGL0E01243g, CAGL0F06831g, and CAGL0C00385g) that potentially contribute to enhanced H2 O2 resistance. Subsequent experimental verification confirmed that CgCth2 (CAGL0E01243g) and CgMga2 (CAGL0F06831g) are important in C glabrata tolerance to oxidative stress. Transcriptome profiling of adaptive mutants and bioinformatic analysis suggest that NADPH regeneration, modulation of membrane composition, cell wall remodeling, and/or global regulatory changes are involved in C glabrata tolerance to H2 O2 .
Stress-Induced Hyperprolactinemia: Pathophysiology and Clinical Approach

While prolactin is most well known for its role in lactation and suppression of reproduction, its physiological functions are quite diverse. There are many etiologies of hyperprolactinemia, including physiologic as well as pathologic causes. Physiologic causes include pregnancy, lactation, sleep-associated, nipple stimulation and sexual orgasm, chest wall stimulation, or trauma. Stress is also an important physiologic cause of hyperprolactinemia, and its clinical significance is still being explored. This review will provide an overview of prolactin physiology, the role of stress in prolactin secretion, as well as the general clinical approach to hyperprolactinemia.
Code in Transition? The Evolution of Code of the Street Adherence in Adolescence

ABSTRACTUsing four waves (n = 2,385) from a student sample drawn in large U.S. cities, we examine the code of the streets’ influence on criminal offending and conflict management. Key to the analys...