cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression of endodermally derived and neural crest-derived differentiation antigens by human lung and colon tumors

Recent studies of the plasma membrane antigens of a human lung tumor (an oat cell carcinoma) indicated that the tumor expressed endodermally derived and neural crest-derived differentiation antigens undetectable in normal respiratory epithelium, where the cell of origin of this histologic type of tumor is believed to reside. The present studies were designed to assess whether or not such differentiation antigens were regularly expressed by other oat cell carcinomas of the lung, by other lung tumor types, and by a nonlung tumor type. Rabbit antisera were prepared to the plasma membrane fractions of five different oat cell carcinomas, two adenocarcinomas, and two epidermoid carcinomas of the lung, and two adenocarcinomas of the colon. After absorption with normal lung and liver, the antisera were tested against the immunizing tumor and normal lung, colon, and peripheral nerve frozen section substrates by the indirect immunofluorescence method. The results indicated that the neural crest-derived differentiation antigen(s) was expressed by all five oat cell carcinomas, but none of the other tumors studied except for one adeno-carcinoma of the lung. The endodermally derived differentiation antigen(s) was expressed by all of the tumors studied except for one epidermoid carcinoma of the lung. It was concluded that expression of at least some differentiation antigens which are undetectable in normal respiratory epithelium occurs not infrequently among lung carcinomas. Furthermore, expression of the neural crest-derived differentiation antigen(s) is highly associated with, but not absolutely restricted to, oat cell carcinoma of the lung.
Venice and constantinople in 1171 and 1172: Enrico Dandolo's attitudes towards Byzantium

(1993). Venice and constantinople in 1171 and 1172: Enrico Dandolo's attitudes towards Byzantium. Mediterranean Historical Review: Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 166-185.
Distributional Impacts of the‘Free Zone’Component of Structural Adjustment: The Jamaican Experience

Our understanding of the socio-economic and geographical impacts of structural adjustment has not kept pace with the transformations, and this paper responds to this problem. Faced with massive foreign debt and a collapse of traditional exports, governments throughout the developing world have agreed to World Bank- and International Monetary Fund (IMF)-prescribed structural adjustment and to its component industrial free zones. The zones are designed to attract foreign manufacturers to produce for export, and thereby generate hard currency for governments and jobs for young women. Jamaica, which has experienced a greater foreign debt burden and more structural adjustment agreements than virtually any other third world country, provides a case study of free zone policy. The research employs a political economy approach (Barnes 1993, whereby conventional wisdom that free zones contribute positively to Third World development is initially scrutinized. Free zones are examined with respect to the historical, social, and spatial contexts in which they are imbedded, and social groups affected by free zones are disaggregated by class and gender to expose power relationships and differential impacts. Most evidence is drawn from internal Jamaican government records and interviews with public and private managers involved with the free zones. The findings indicate that the costs and benefits of free zone promotion are distributed very unevenly with respect to class, gender and location.
Dysphagia and dementia in subjects with Parkinson's disease

This study reviewed the medical records of 19 patients with a diagnosis of Parkinson's disease listed on the death certificate who died between June 1985 and July 1990. The presence or absence of dementia separated the patients into two groups. The study examined the age at time of death, number and type of secondary diagnoses, frequency of dysphagia diagnosis, and therapeutic dietary differences. The presence of dementia did not influence the age at time of death. Dysphagia was a common diagnosis for each group. Differences in treatment of dysphagia were found to be dependent on the presence or absence of dementia.
Longitudinal and shear wave diffraction at the junction of two fluid loaded, doubly curved shells

Abstract A perturbation solution is developed to study diffracted membrane waves, both longitudinal and shear, originating from the junction of two doubly curved shells which are joined so that their tangent is continuous. The excitation is an acoustic wave incident obliquely to the tangent line of the junction. The diffracted membrane wavefield is dependent upon or forced by an outer solution which characterizes the acoustic interaction between two joined, flat plates and the surrounding fluid. To illustrate the simplicity of the approach, the outer solution is approximated by the acoustic diffraction from two massive plates. Explicit expressions are derived for the membrane wave diffraction coefficients which are related, by reciprocity, to the analogous membrane-to-acoustic diffraction coefficients.
Characterization of a novel bioactive composite using advanced X-ray computed tomography

Abstract A novel bioactive, porous silica–calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) that can be used to treat large bone defects in load-bearing positions has been tested and has shown great potential for applications in tissue engineering. Porosity is essential to the performance of the composite material as a tissue engineering scaffold, as porous scaffolds provide a physical, 3-D template to support new tissue formation. However, porosity characterization using conventional techniques such as porosimetry or scanning electron microscopy requires extensive preparation of samples and may destroy important features during preparation and analysis stage. In this work, the new composite is characterized using an advanced high resolution X-ray computed tomography, which is a non-destructive testing technique that allows construction of the 3-D topology of the microstructure. The results clearly show the effectiveness and versatility of this technique in characterizing the porous architecture of the novel composite biomaterial. The pore distribution, morphology and interconnectivity in the composite scaffolds were found to be ideal for use in tissue engineering applications.
Rapid and automated multidimensional fluorescence microscopy profiling of 3D human breast cultures

Three-dimensional (3D) tissue culture provides a physiologically relevant microenvironment for distinguishing malignant from non-malignant breast cell phenotypes. 3D culture assays can also be used to test novel cancer therapies and predict a differential response to radiation between normal and malignant cells in vivo. However, biological measurements in such complex models are difficult to quantify and current approaches do not allow for in-depth multifaceted assessment of individual colonies or unique sub-populations within the entire culture. This is in part due to the limitations of imaging at a range of depths in 3D culture resulting from optical aberrations and intensity attenuation. Here, we address these limitations by combining sample smearing techniques with high-throughput 2D imaging algorithms to accurately and rapidly quantify imaging features acquired from 3D cultures. Multiple high resolution imaging features especially designed to characterize 3D cultures show that non-malignant human breast cells surviving large doses of ionizing radiation acquire a “swelled acinar” phenotype with fewer and larger nuclei, loss of cell connectivity and diffused basement membrane. When integrating these imaging features into hierarchical clustering classification, we could also identify subpopulations of phenotypes from individual human tumor colonies treated with ionizing radiation or/and integrin inhibitors. Such tools have therefore the potential to further characterize cell culture populations after cancer treatment and identify novel phenotypes of resistance.
Electronic transition of vanadium impurities in different alkali hosts

Abstract Thin quench-condensed films of Na, K, Rb and Cs are covered with 1 100 of a monolayer of V. Then the impurities are covered with several atomic layers of the host. Measured by means of the anomalous Hall effect, V impurities show a magnetic moment of 6– 7 μ B in Na and 4 μ B in Cs. This contradicts the favored atomic model (predicting 3 5 μ B ). Furthermore, the sign of the anomalous Hall resistance changes from negative in Na to positive in Cs. This indicates a transition of the electronic structure of the impurity and the host environment.
Resilience and thriving: Issues, models, and linkages.

This article addresses distinctions underlying concepts of resilience and thriving and issues in conceptualizing thriving. Thriving (physical or psychological) may reflect decreased reactivity to subsequent stressors, faster recovery from subsequent stressors, or a consistently higher level of functioning. Psychological thriving may reflect gains in skill, knowledge, confidence, or a sense of security in personal relationships. Psychological thriving resembles other instances of growth. It probably does not depend on the occurrence of a discrete traumatic event or longer term trauma, though such events may elicit it. An important question is why some people thrive, whereas others are impaired, given the same event. A potential answer rests on the idea that differences in confidence and mastery are self-perpetuating and self-intensifying. This idea suggests a number of variables whose role in thriving is worth closer study, including personality variables such as optimism, contextual variables such as social support, and situational variables such as the coping reactions elicited by the adverse event.
Syntaxin 1A regulates ENaC channel activity.

Abstract Na+ entry across the apical membranes of many absorptive epithelia is determined by the number (N) and open probability (Po) of epithelial sodium channels (ENaC). Previous results showed that the H3 domain of syntaxin-1A (S1A) binds to ENaC to reduce N, supporting a role for S1A in the regulation of ENaC trafficking. The aim of this study was to determine whether S1A-induced reductions in ENaC current also result from interactions between cell surface ENaC and S1A that alter ENaC Po. Injection of a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-H3 S1A fusion protein into ENaC-expressing Xenopus oocytes inhibited whole cell Na+ current (INa) by 33% within 5 min. This effect was dose-dependent, with a Ki of 7 ng/μl (∼200 nm). In contrast, injection of GST alone or a H3 domain-deleted GST-S1A fusion protein had no effect on INa. In cell-attached patch clamp experiments, GST-H3 acutely decreased ENaC Po by 30%, whereas GST-S1A Δ H3 was without effect. Further analysis revealed that ENaC mean closed time was significantly prolonged by S1A. Interestingly, GST-H3 had no effect on channel activity of an ENaC pore mutant that constitutively gates open (Po ≅ 1.0), supporting the idea that S1A alters the closed state of ENaC and indicating that the actions of S1A on ENaC trafficking and gating can be separated experimentally. This study indicates that, in addition to a primary effect on ENaC trafficking, S1A interacts with cell surface ENaC to rapidly decrease channel gating. This rapid effect of S1A may modulate Na+ entry rate during rapid increases in ENaC N.
The Cryptococcus neoformans STE12α gene: a putative Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 homologue that is mating type specific

Cryptococcus neoformans possesses two mating types, MATalpha and MATa. Alpha-Cells are more virulent than a-cells and are also, unlike a-cells, capable of producing extensive hyphae in the haploid phase. The molecular analysis of hyphae production in C. neoformans has resulted in the identification of a gene which displays substantial similarity to other fungal STE12 genes, including the presence of a highly conserved homeodomain. Overexpression of the C. neoformans gene resulted in poor growth, altered morphology and the presence of hyphal projections, phenotypes reported in similar studies of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae STE12 gene. Overexpression was also found to induce MFalpha, a pheromone, and CNLAC1, a confirmed C. neoformans virulence gene. The C. neoformans STE12alpha gene, however, has one striking difference from other fungal STE12 genes; it is found only in alpha-cells. The existence of STE12alpha in C. neoformans suggests that this fungus has elements of a conserved MAP kinase cascade, which may be organized in a novel manner.
DRACS thermal performance evaluation for FHR

Abstract Direct Reactor Auxiliary Cooling System (DRACS) is a passive decay heat removal system proposed for the Fluoride-salt-cooled High-temperature Reactor (FHR) that combines coated particle fuel and a graphite moderator with a liquid fluoride salt as the coolant. The DRACS features three coupled natural circulation/convection loops, relying completely on buoyancy as the driving force. These loops are coupled through two heat exchangers, namely, the DRACS Heat Exchanger and the Natural Draft Heat Exchanger. In addition, a fluidic diode is employed to minimize the parasitic flow into the DRACS primary loop and correspondingly the heat loss to the DRACS during normal operation of the reactor, and to keep the DRACS ready for activation, if needed, during accidents. To help with the design and thermal performance evaluation of the DRACS, a computer code using MATLAB has been developed. This code is based on a one-dimensional formulation and its principle is to solve the energy balance and integral momentum equations. By discretizing the DRACS system in the axial direction, a bulk mean temperature is assumed for each mesh cell. The temperatures of all the cells, as well as the mass flow rates in the DRACS loops, are predicted by solving the governing equations that are obtained by integrating the energy conservation equation over each cell and integrating the momentum conservation equation over each of the DRACS loops. In addition, an intermediate heat transfer loop equipped with a pump has also been modeled in the code. This enables the study of flow reversal phenomenon in the DRACS primary loop, associated with the pump trip process. Experimental data from a High-Temperature DRACS Test Facility (HTDF) are not available yet to benchmark the code. A preliminary code validation is performed by using natural circulation experimental data available in the literature, which are as closely relevant as possible. The code is subsequently applied to the HTDF that is under construction at the Ohio State University.
On the physical basis for the cis-positive rule describing protein orientation in biological membranes.

The topology of hydrophobic intramembrane proteins is characterized by a statistical asymmetry in the distribution of positively-charged residues on the two sides of the membrane, the ‘inside- or cis-positive rule’. A mechanism is proposed involving only neutral residue transfer. For a tightly bound polypeptide adsorbed on the membrane and not at equilibrium, the pK values of the ionic residues related to dissociation of the proton into the aqueous phase bulk are increased because of interaction with the negative charges at the membrane surface. The pK shift would selectively neutralize aspartate and glutamate residues, favoring their translocation across the membrane, while stabilizing the impermeant positively charged state of lysine and arginine residues.
Opiate vs non-opiate footshock-induced analgesia (FSIA): The body region shocked is a critical factor

Previous work has demonstrated that footshock can elicit either opiate or non-opiate analgesia. The present study has demonstrated that one critical factor determining the involvement of endogenous opioids is the body region shocked. Using 90 s shock, front paw shock produced an opiate analgesia which was significantly antagonized by as little as 0.1 mg/kg systemic naloxone and morphine tolerance. In the latter experiment, a parallel recovery of the analgesic potencies of both front paw shock and morphine was observed following 2 weeks of opiate abstinence. In contrast, hind paw shock produced a non-opiate analgesia which failed to be attenuated by 20 mg/kg systemic naloxone and showed no cross-tolerance to morphine. Since identical shock parameters were used for front paw and hind paw shock in the systemic naloxone experiments, stress per se clearly cannot be the crucial factor determining the involvement of endogenous opioids in footshock-induced analgesia. These results were discussed with respect to clinical treatments of pain which utilize somatosensory stimulation.
Multidrug resistance: Versatile drug sensors of bacterial cells

One way that bacteria resist antimicrobial agents involves 'drug sensors', proteins that bind a range of structurally unrelated antimicrobial drugs and induce expression of multidrug resistance pumps. The basis for drug recognition is now becoming clear from the recently determined crystal structure of a drug sensor.
Primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the lung in a child : A case report and review of literature

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH), an aggressive high-grade soft tissue sarcoma, usually occurs in the elderly during the fifth to seventh decade of life. It commonly arises in the retroperitoneum, extremities, and head and neck region. Primary pulmonary MFH is extremely rare and is frequently fatal. We present the youngest known case, a 9-year-old boy with a primary left lung grade II inflammatory MFH, stage II. He underwent a left upper lobectomy for tumor resection. After completing radiation therapy, he was started on vincristine, actinomycin D, and cyclophosphamide alternating with vincristine, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide every 3 weeks. After five such cycles, he had a histologically proven local recurrence. He then received chemotherapy consisting of ifosfamide (2 g/m2) and etoposide (VP-16) (100 mg/m2) given daily for 3 days every 3 weeks. The patient attained complete remission (CR) after five such cycles and completed treatment without any major complications. He received a total of 16 courses and is continuing in CR 36 months off treatment. Ifosfamide and etoposide (VP-16), known for their usefulness in treatment of adult soft tissue sarcomas, can be used as salvage chemotherapy for patients with MFH who fail the front-line conventional chemotherapy.
INTERATRIAL COMMUNICATION AND LEFT ATRIAL HYPERTENSION: A CAUSE OF CONTINUOUS MURMUR.

The combination of left atrial hypertension and a small atrial septal defect was observed in three patients and was found to be responsible for a continuous heart murmur. Mitral stenosis was present in two patients, and mitral atresia in the third. The continuous murmurs were loudest over the lower sternum, were augmented by inspiration, and were reduced or abolished by the Valsalva maneuver. Cardiac catheterization studies demonstrated the presence of a left-to-right shunt at the atrial level in each instance. The continuous murmurs were localized to the right atrium by intracardiac phonocardiography in two patients, and alterations in the interatrial pressure gradient during respiratory maneuvers were documented.
The effect of bariatric surgery on gout: a comparative study

Abstract Background Obesity is a risk factor for the development of gout. An increased incidence of early gouty attacks after bariatric surgery has been reported, but the data is sparse. The effect of weight loss surgery on the behavior of gout beyond the immediate postoperative phase remains unclear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the pre- and postoperative frequency and features of gouty attacks in bariatric surgery patients. Methods Charts were reviewed to identify patients who had gout before bariatric surgery. Demographic and gout-related parameters were recorded. The comparison group consisted of obese individuals with gout who underwent nonbariatric upper abdominal procedures. Results Ninety-nine morbidly obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery had gout. The comparison group consisted of 56 patients. The incidence of early gouty attack in the first month after surgery was significantly higher in the bariatric group than the nonbariatric group (17.5% versus 1.8%, P = .003). In the bariatric group, 23.8% of patients had at least one gouty attack during the 12-month period before surgery, which dropped to 8.0% during postoperative months 1–13 ( P = .005). There was no significant difference in the number of gouty attacks in the comparison group before and after surgery (18.2% versus 11.1%, P = .33). There was a significant reduction in uric acid levels 13-months after bariatric surgery compared with baseline values (9.1±2.0 versus 5.6±2.5 mg/dL, P = .007). Conclusion The frequency of early postoperative gout attacks after bariatric surgery is significantly higher than that of patients undergoing other procedures. However, the incidence decreases significantly after the first postoperative month up to 1 year.
Adaptive control of mechanical impedance by coactivation of antagonist muscles

This paper examines the postulate that an important function of the activity of antagonist muscle groups is to modulate mechanical impedance. Some biomechanical modeling and analyses are presented leading to a prediction of simultaneous activation of antagonist muscles in the maintenance of upright posture of the forearm and hand. An experimental observation of antagonist coactivation in this situation is presented.
What Nonsense Might Be

There is a natural view of nonsense, which owes what attraction it has to the apparent absence of alternatives. In Frege and Wittgenstein there is a view which goes against the natural one, and the purpose of this paper is to establish that it is a possible view of nonsense.
Efficient techniques for gate leakage estimation

Gate leakage current is expected to be the dominant leakage component in future technology generations. In this paper, we propose methods for steady-state gate leakage estimation based on state characterization. An efficient technique for pattern-dependent gate leakage estimation is presented. Furthermore, we propose the use of this technique for estimating the average gate leakage of a circuit using pattern-independent probabilistic analysis. Results on a large set of benchmark ISCAS circuits show an accuracy within 5% of SPICE results with 500/spl times/ to 50000/spl times/ speed improvement.
RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS MATURES AT THE APICAL SURFACES OF POLARIZED EPITHELIAL CELLS

Respiratory syncytial (RS) virus infects the epithelium of the respiratory tract. We examined the replication and maturation of RS virus in two polarized epithelial cell lines, Vero C1008 and MDCK. Electron microscopy of RS virus-infected Vero C1008 cells revealed the presence of pleomorphic viral particles budding exclusively from the apical surface, often in clusters. The predominant type of particle was filamentous, 80 to 100 nm in diameter, and 4 to 8 microns in length, and evidence from filtration studies indicated that the filamentous particles were infectious. Cytopathology produced by RS virus infection of polarized Vero C1008 cells was minimal, and syncytia were not observed, consistent with the maintenance of tight junctions and the exclusively apical maturation of the virus. Infectivity assays with MDCK cells confirmed that in this cell line, RS virus was released into the apical medium but not into the basolateral medium. In addition, the majority of the RS virus transmembrane fusion glycoprotein on the cell surface was localized to the apical surface of the Vero C1008 cells. Taken together, these results demonstrate that RS virus matures at the apical surface of polarized epithelial cell lines.
Effect of Training Mode on Post-Exercise Heart Rate Recovery of Trained Cyclists

The sympathetic nervous system dominates the regulation of body functions during exercise. Therefore after exercise, the sympathetic nervous system withdraws and the parasympathetic nervous system helps the body return to a resting state. In the examination of this relationship, the purpose of this study was to compare recovery heart rates (HR) of anaerobically versus aerobically trained cyclists. With all values given as means ± SD, anaerobically trained track cyclists (n=10, age=25.9 ± 6.0 yrs, body mass=82.7 ± 7.1 kg, body fat=10.0 ± 6.3%) and aerobically trained road cyclists (n=15, age=39.9 ± 8.5 yrs, body mass=75.3 ± 9.9 kg, body fat=13.1 ± 4.5%) underwent a maximal oxygen uptake test. Heart rate recovery was examined on a relative basis using heart rate reserve as well as the absolute difference between maximum HR and each of two recovery HRs. The post-exercise change in HR at minute one for the track cyclists and road cyclists respectively were 22 ± 8 bpm and 25 ± 12 bpm. At minute two, the mean drop for track cyclists was significantly (p<0.05) greater than the road cyclists (52 ± 15 bpm and 64 ± 11 bpm). Training mode showed statistically significant effects on the speed of heart rate recovery in trained cyclists. Greater variability in recovery heart rate at minute two versus minute one suggests that the heart rate should be monitored longer than one minute of recovery for a better analysis of post-exercise autonomic shift.
Video scene segmentation using Markov chain Monte Carlo

Videos are composed of many shots that are caused by different camera operations, e.g., on/off operations and switching between cameras. One important goal in video analysis is to group the shots into temporal scenes, such that all the shots in a single scene are related to the same subject, which could be a particular physical setting, an ongoing action or a theme. In this paper, we present a general framework for temporal scene segmentation in various video domains. The proposed method is formulated in a statistical fashion and uses the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) technique to determine the boundaries between video scenes. In this approach, a set of arbitrary scene boundaries are initialized at random locations and are automatically updated using two types of updates: diffusion and jumps. Diffusion is the process of updating the boundaries between adjacent scenes. Jumps consist of two reversible operations: the merging of two scenes and the splitting of an existing scene. The posterior probability of the target distribution of the number of scenes and their corresponding boundary locations is computed based on the model priors and the data likelihood. The updates of the model parameters are controlled by the hypothesis ratio test in the MCMC process, and the samples are collected to generate the final scene boundaries. The major advantage of the proposed framework is two-fold: 1) it is able to find the weak boundaries as well as the strong boundaries, i.e., it does not rely on the fixed threshold; 2) it can be applied to different video domains. We have tested the proposed method on two video domains: home videos and feature films, and accurate results have been obtained
A requirement for membrane-associated phospholipase A2 in platelet cytotoxicity activated by receptors for immunoglobulin G and complement.

Platelets are potent antibody- and complement-dependent cytotoxic effector cells. We showed previously that a single platelet can lyse a target cell sensitized with immunoglobulin G (IgG) and complement components up to C3 (C integral of 3b denotes the target cell-bound fragment of complement up to C3; the precise nature of the bound C3 fragment has not been established), and that the complete cytotoxic system capable of specific recognition and lysis resides in platelet membranes. To define the components of platelet membranes required for cytotoxicity, a set of inhibitors of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) that act by different chemical mechanisms was tested. The lytic reaction is blocked at appropriate concentrations of bromophenacylbromide, mepacrine, and manoalide. When platelets are treated with bromophenacylbromide, inhibition of cytolytic activity and that of PLA2 enzymatic activity occur in parallel. Platelets release arachidonate when incubated with target cells bearing IgG and C integral of 3b, confirming that Fc gamma R and complement receptor trigger both PLA2 action and efficient lysis. Inhibition by thimerosal of a reverse reaction, i.e., reacylation catalyzed by acyltransferase, causes increased target cell lysis, presumably by increasing the products of PLA2 action. Platelet cytotoxicity is increased when platelets are pretreated with some products of PLA2: exogenous lysophospholipids and not free arachidonic acid increase cytotoxicity. Electron microscopy suggests that platelets and target cells may fuse, possibly as a result of the formation of lysophospholipids which are well-known membrane fusogens. Fixation with paraformaldehyde does not affect platelet cytotoxicity, suggesting that the complete cytotoxic system resides as a preformed complex in platelet membranes. The results indicate that platelet membrane-associated PLA2, together with receptors for Fc and complement, are required for platelet cytotoxicity.
Policy and prosecution in the reign of Henry VII

Henry VII inherited a society long accustomed to utilizing written obligations for the performance of numerous transactions of everyday business and judicial proceedings – a cultural polity not always appreciated by historians. He staffed his government with family officials and government administrators well versed in keeping household accounts and administering government finance and law through the use of these bonds. Modelling a policy based on the administration of England's largest household – the duchy of Lancaster – Henry and his working councillors raised the level of bond-taking, prosecution and collection to establish law and order while creating a financially stable monarchy. This article discusses the development of that ‘bond policy’ from the ground up, showing that English men and women of all stations in life were involved in this intensified use of bonds as a pragmatic means for the king to rule England. The ramifications of this policy were not only a greater understanding of, and respect for, the law but also a centralization of law enforcement and finance, key attributes for the development of the modern state.
Service Needs of Families With Children With ADHD

This article describes service use, perceived helpfulness of services, and the services requested of 157 families living with a child or adolescent with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specifically asks if service use and service need is a function of certain social demographic factors. Whereas these data suggest that ADHD is a fairly universal experience, as indicated by the high rate of service use across ethnic groups, income status, sex, and family composition, single-mother families used the most services, Hispanic families used the fewest, and families with boys with ADHD used more services than families with girls with ADHD. Income was not a significant factor in any services used or services requested. This study lends strength to the argument that more specialized services for certain groups are needed in venues with local community services, such as schools, where the majority of these children and families are already seeking help.
Postoperative Care of the Rhinoplasty Patient

A methodical and consistent postoperative sequence of care can help ensure optimal results in primary and secondary rhinoplasty. Record keeping and surgical diagrams are described, and external splinting, septal splinting, perioperative medications, and intranasal packing are discussed. Managing suboptimal results and deformities such as the pollybeak deformity, supratip taping, revision surgery, deviation, and skin changes are covered. Meticulous attention to detail in the operating room and in the postoperative period is paramount to achieving success in rhinoplasty. The early postoperative evaluation serves to alert the surgeon to potential complications and allows early intervention to improve suboptimal results.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 Tax Attenuates the ATM-Mediated Cellular DNA Damage Response

Genomic instability, a hallmark of leukemic cells, is associated with malfunctioning cellular responses to DNA damage caused by defective cell cycle checkpoints and/or DNA repair. Adult T-cell leukemia, which can result from infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), is associated with extensive genomic instability that has been attributed to the viral oncoprotein Tax. How Tax influences cellular responses to DNA damage to mediate genomic instability, however, remains unclear. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Tax on cellular pathways involved in recognition and repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Premature attenuation of ATM kinase activity and reduced association of MDC1 with repair foci were observed in Tax-expressing cells. Following ionizing radiation-induced S-phase checkpoint activation, Tax-expressing cells progressed more rapidly than non-Tax-expressing cells toward DNA replication. These results demonstrate that Tax expression may allow premature DNA replication in the presence of genomic lesions. Attempts to replicate in the presence of these lesions would result in gradual accumulation of mutations, leading to genome instability and cellular transformation.
Impaired gamete production and viability in Atlantic croaker collected throughout the 20,000 km2 hypoxic region in the northern Gulf of Mexico

The long-term impacts of recent marked increases in the incidence and extent of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen <2 mg/L) in coastal regions worldwide on fisheries and ecosystems are unknown. Reproductive impairment was investigated in Atlantic croaker collected in 2010 from the extensive coastal hypoxic region in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Potential fecundity was significantly lower in croaker collected throughout the ~20,000 km(2) hypoxic region than in croaker from normoxic sites. In vitro bioassays of gamete viability showed reductions in oocyte maturation and sperm motility in croaker collected from the hypoxic sites in response to reproductive hormones which were accompanied by decreases in gonadal levels of membrane progestin receptor alpha, the receptor regulating these processes. The finding that environmental hypoxia exposure reduces oocyte viability in addition to decreasing oocyte production in croaker suggests that fecundity estimates need to be adjusted to account for the decrease in oocyte maturation.
Conundrums in Assisted Reproduction

Increasing numbers of couples are pursuing in vitro fertilization, leading to an ever-growing supply of cryopreserved embryos. When these couples divorce, the courts are faced with a new type of property dispute: who gets the frozen embryos. While courts could decide these disputes using a best-interests analysis, they have chosen not to. Instead, courts adopt one of two models. The first, a privacy rights model, weighs the right to procreate versus the right to avoid procreation. Courts adopting this model have held that the right to avoid procreation should ordinarily trump, unless the party seeking to procreate has no other reasonable possibility of achieving parenthood. In the second model, the courts seek to enforce the couple's intent, as expressed in the dispositional agreement they have signed. This essay argues that the courts have employed both the privacy rights and contractual models in result-oriented ways. Courts uniformly favor the party seeking to avoid procreation. To avoid facilitating the creation of post-divorce, single-parent families, the courts have embraced unsupported constitutional presumptions and skewed contractual readings. This essay concludes that the conundrum that remains in frozen embryo disputes is: will courts ultimately enforce dispositional agreements in good faith or will they continue toward results- oriented jurisprudence - a jurisprudence that avoids the creation of single-parent families and favors the right to avoid parentage over the right to secure it?
Vertical Structure of Fluctuating Currents in the Strait of Juan de Fuca

The Strait of Juan de Fuca has been the focus for an intensive circulation study from 1976–79. During 1977–78 this study focused upon the eastern half of the Strait, which is the principal connection between the Strait of Georgia via channels through the San Juan Islands, Puget Sound via Admiralty Inlet and the Pacific Ocean via the western Strait of Juan de Fuca (Figure 1). Simultaneous observations of winds, currents, sea level and water parameters such as temperature and salinity were obtained to allow examination of the kinematics and dynamics of large-scale tidal and non-tidal flow. This paper utilizes time-series current observations to summarily discuss the vertical distribution of time-varying flow in the eastern Strait.
Error correction in multi-fidelity molecular dynamics simulations using functional uncertainty quantification

Abstract We use functional, Frechet, derivatives to quantify how thermodynamic outputs of a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation depend on the potential used to compute atomic interactions. Our approach quantifies the sensitivity of the quantities of interest with respect to the input functions as opposed to its parameters as is done in typical uncertainty quantification methods. We show that the functional sensitivity of the average potential energy and pressure in isothermal, isochoric MD simulations using Lennard–Jones two-body interactions can be used to accurately predict those properties for other interatomic potentials (with different functional forms) without re-running the simulations. This is demonstrated under three different thermodynamic conditions, namely a crystal at room temperature, a liquid at ambient pressure, and a high pressure liquid. The method provides accurate predictions as long as the change in potential can be reasonably described to first order and does not significantly affect the region in phase space explored by the simulation. The functional uncertainty quantification approach can be used to estimate the uncertainties associated with constitutive models used in the simulation and to correct predictions if a more accurate representation becomes available.
Political Imprisonment During Zimbabwe's Liberation Struggle

This paper documents the lived experiences of African political activists imprisoned by the Rhodesian colonial regime during Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle, beginning from the 1960s to 1979. With a particular focus on prison experiences, the paper tells how African political prisoners confronted various forms of deprivation, regimentation, violence, and isolation in the state corridors of silence. However, the story of political imprisonment is not just about the victimization of African political activists. It is also about negotiation, resistance, confrontation, and the daily struggles to survive, cope, and adapt to the conditions of Rhodesian imprisonment. The struggle to survive, cope and adapt meant, among other things, prisoners refusing to follow orders, making demands on jailers, protests such as hunger strikes, smuggling documents and letters in-and-out of prison, planning and executing prison breaks, fighting back violent prison warders, befriending black prison guards in order to mitigate harsh prison conditions, developing and elaborating social and gender relationships, and educating themselves through prison classes organized by other political prisoners, among other things. The paper also demonstrates how Rhodesian prisons were intellectual spaces in which political prisoners developed and produced important critiques of the colonial regime, thereby undermining and de-legitimizing colonial hegemony.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Social Support: The Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging

A new direction in behavioral genetic research is the exploration of genetic influences on ostensibly environmental measures. The goal of the present study was to identify genetic as well as environmental influences that contribute to an individual's motivation and ability to create and maintain social support systems during the second half of the life course. One of the most powerful behavioral genetic designs is the combined twin/adoption design which is used in the Swedish Adoption/Twin Study of Aging (SATSA). A subsample of 424 pairs of twins age 50 and above was used: 64 pairs of identical twins reared apart, 95 pairs of identical twins reared together, 132 pairs of fraternal twins reared apart, and 133 pairs of fraternal twins reared together. The measure of social support assessed both the quantity of relationships as well as the perceived adequacy of the social support network. Model-fitting analyses verified the importance of genetic factors for perceived adequacy of the social support network, whereas little genetic influence was found for the quantity of social relationships.
Interlaminar Fracture Toughness Characterization of Z-Pinned and Flocked Composite Laminates

The paper presents the improvements in the fracture toughness under Mode-I and Mode-II loading conditions due to flocking and z-pinning. Fracture toughness values for the z-pinned and flocked composite coupons have been assessed using the Double-Cantilever Beam (DCB) test and the End-Notched Flexure (ENF) test. Degradation of in-plane tensile property due to translaminar reinforcement with flocking and z-pinning has been assessed using the standard tension test. Details of these experiments, estimated fracture toughness values, and the comparison of each through-thickness reinforcement technique to improve the delamination resistance are presented in this paper.
Salvaging Ischemic Myocardium After Myocardial Infarction

Today's sophisticated diagnostic techniques make it possible to determine, virtually at the bedside, the site and size of an infarct and its effect on the patient's hemodynamic status. Thus, it is now possible to identify the patient who will benefit from aggressive therapy and to spare those who do not need or will not be helped by such treatment. Three phases of management are discussed.
SU-G-IeP1-10: Permeability Evaluation of Interstitial Cystitis by DCE-MRI of the Bladder.

Purpose: Interstitial cystitis (IC) is a chronic and painful condition that can lead to bladder pain syndrome (BPS) in women. IC and BPS have been known to manifest after physiological changes after giving birth. In this project, we pioneered and advanced a new clinical utility using DCE-MRI to assess bladder permeability. At first IC/BPS perfusion methods were with ratio signal evaluation, we now incorporate pharmacokinetics techniques to allow for further assessment. Methods: In this pilot study, female patients and volunteers (IC=4, Control=3) underwent imaging with a clinical GE 3T 750W MRI system. This project was approved by the OUHSC IRB. Multiple TR Images series were acquired. Images were analyzed in the coronal plane at 0-, 3-, 6-, 9-, 12-, 15-, 20-, 25-, and 30-minute intervals. We used a three-compartmental pharmacokinetic model with these data. The compartments included: a) bladder interior site of injection, b) bladder wall, and c) external psoas muscle. The signal was transformed and corrected for T1-relaxation based on a multi-TR exponential regression before pharmacokinetic analysis. Results: Significant differences (p<0.05) were detected with relative means for T1 concentration changes (IC/BPS=0.0107, control=0.616) on the outflow between the k13 transfer coefficient, which represents the injection leakage to the external parenchyma. Trend differences (p<0.1) were found in permeability between the bladder injection site to the rim. We also found changes in the kurtosis of the histograms of regional perfusion. No detectable changes were found in the reverse directions for the above compartments (k21, k31). Conclusion: We report clinical changes in this pilot study. This study illustrates early detectable evidence for a possible DCE-MRI tool that can detect permeability differences with pharmacokinetics measurement of k13. These techniques are intended to advance quantitative imaging methods for IC/BPS, per the goals/objectives of the Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Alliance (QIBA) and other AAPM and RSNA initiatives.
Melatonin Signal Transduction Pathways Require E-Box-Mediated Transcription of Per1 and Per2 to Reset the SCN Clock at Dusk

Melatonin is released from the pineal gland into the circulatory system at night in the absence of light, acting as "hormone of darkness" to the brain and body. Melatonin also can regulate circadian phasing of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). During the day-to-night transition, melatonin exposure advances intrinsic SCN neural activity rhythms via the melatonin type-2 (MT2) receptor and downstream activation of protein kinase C (PKC). The effects of melatonin on SCN phasing have not been linked to daily changes in the expression of core genes that constitute the molecular framework of the circadian clock. Using real-time RT-PCR, we found that melatonin induces an increase in the expression of two clock genes, Period 1 (Per1) and Period 2 (Per2). This effect occurs at CT 10, when melatonin advances SCN phase, but not at CT 6, when it does not. Using anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides (α ODNs) to Per 1 and Per 2, as well as to E-box enhancer sequences in the promoters of these genes, we show that their specific induction is necessary for the phase-altering effects of melatonin on SCN neural activity rhythms in the rat. These effects of melatonin on Per1 and Per2 were mediated by PKC. This is unlike day-active non-photic signals that reset the SCN clock by non-PCK signal transduction mechanisms and by decreasing Per1 expression. Rather, this finding extends roles for Per1 and Per2, which are critical to photic phase-resetting, to a nonphotic zeitgeber, melatonin, and suggest that the regulation of these clock gene transcripts is required for clock resetting by diverse regulatory cues.
Safely Managing Acute Osteoarthritis in the Emergency Department: An Evidence-Based Review.

Abstract Background Joint pain caused by acute osteoarthritis (OA) is a common finding in the emergency department. Patients with OA often have debilitating pain that limits their function and ability to complete their activities of daily living. In addition, OA has been associated with a high percentage of arthritis-related hospital admissions and an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Safely managing OA symptoms in these patients can present many challenges to the emergency provider. Objectives We review the risks and benefits of available treatment options for acute OA-related pain in the emergency department. In addition, evidence-based recommendations will be made for safely managing pain and disability associated with OA in patients with comorbidities, including cardiovascular disease, renal insufficiency, and risk factors for gastrointestinal bleeding. Discussion Commonly used treatments for OA include acetaminophen, oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and opioids, each with varying degrees of efficacy and risk depending on the patient's underlying comorbidities. Effective alternative therapies, such as topical preparations, intra-articular corticosteroid injections, bracing, and rehabilitation are likely underused in this setting. Conclusions Emergency providers should be aware of the risks and benefits of all treatment options available for acute OA pain, including oral medications, topical preparations, corticosteroid injections, bracing, and physical therapy.