cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Expression and Action of Transforming Growth Factor Beta (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3) during Embryonic Rat Testis Development

The objective of the current study was to determine the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGFb) during seminiferous cord formation and embryonic testis development. The expression pattern of mRNA for TGFb isoforms was evaluated during testis development through a quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (QRT-PCR) procedure. Expression of mRNA for TGFb1 was highest at postnatal day 0 (P0) and P10. In contrast, TGFb2 was high at embryonic day 15 (E15), declined at E16, and showed a transient increase at P0 through P3 of testis development. Interestingly, expression of mRNA for TGFb3 was high during embryonic development and then declined after P3. Immunohistochemical localization of TGFb1 and TGFb2 demonstrated expression in Sertoli cells at E14 and in the seminiferous cords at P0. Selective interstitial cells expressed high concentrations of TGFb1 and TGFb2 in P0 testis. TGFb3 was expressed in selective cells at the junction of the E14 testis and mesonephros. The cells expressing TGFb 3i n the testis appeared to be preperitubular cells that resided around the seminiferous cords. TGFb3 was localized to gonocytes in P0 testis. TGFb1 was found to have no influence on seminiferous cord formation in embryonic organ cultures of E13 testis. In contrast, growth of both E13 and E14 embryonic organ cultures was inhibited by TGFb1 and resulted in reduced testis size (40% of controls) with fewer cords present. A P0 testis cell culture and thymidine incorporation assay were used to directly examine the effects of recombinant TGFb1. TGFb1 alone had no influence on thymidine incorporation in P0 testis cell cultures when compared to controls. Interestingly, TGFb1 inhibited epidermal growth factor (EGF), and 10% calf serum stimulated P0 testis cell growth but not FSH-stimulated growth. Therefore, TGFb1 appears to inhibit testis growth in both the embryonic and early postnatal periods. The hormonal regulation of TGFb expression was measured using P0 testis cell cultures and a QRTPCR procedure for each TGFb isoform. High concentrations of EGF stimulated expression of mRNA for TGFb1 after 24 h but suppressed expression of TGFb3. In contrast, there was no effect of FSH on TGFb isoform expression. In summary, TGFb regulates embryonic and P0 testis growth through inhibiting the actions of positive growth factors such as EGF. In addition, EGF but not FSH appears to regulate TGFb isoform expression. Combined observations from the present study demonstrate that TGFb isoforms are differentially expressed and appear to be regulators of testis growth during the embryonic and early postnatal periods.
Soybean Flour Lipoxygenase lsozyme Mutant Effects on Bread Dough Volatiles

Lipoxygenases are implicated in improvement of bread quality after addition of enzyme active soy flour. However, differences among the three major isozymes in soybeans in terms of impact on bread characteristics are not known. Differences exist among soybean lipoxygenase isozymes in terms of stability and generation of volatile flavor and aroma. Soybean flour with different lipoxygenase isozymes present might affect bread dough volatiles or defatting may affect activity of the isozymes. Full fat or defatted soy flour could be added to bread dough. Defatting selectively reduced lipoxygenase 2 activity with little effect on lipoxygenases 1 and 3. Addition of full fat soy flour from mutant isolines indicated that as with soybean homogenates, lipoxygenase 2 is mostly responsible for undesirable aroma compounds. Much higher levels of volatile alcohols were found in soy flour amended bread dough than in soy flour homogenates alone.
Exponential-RED: a stabilizing AQM scheme for low- and high-speed TCP protocols

This paper introduces and analyzes a decentralized network congestion control algorithm which has dynamic adaptations at both user ends and link ends, a so-called general primal-dual algorithm. We obtain sufficient conditions for local stability of this algorithm in a general topology network with heterogeneous round-trip delays. Then, as an implementation of this algorithm in the Internet, we introduce an AQM (Active Queue Management) scheme called Exponential-RED (E-RED), which outperforms RED and is inherently stable when combined with TCP-Reno or its variants for high-speed networks.
Is there a role for infliximab in the current therapy of hidradenitis suppurativa? A report of three treated cases.

Background Hidradenitis suppurativa is one of the follicular occlusion diseases favoring the flexural areas of the body. Because of the past failure of medical therapy, surgery is today the definitive therapeutic approach. There is a need for effective medical anti-inflammatory therapy to control the disease and minimize the pathologic and socioeconomic consequences of the disease process. Generally the patients fail to respond to topical or systemic antibiotics and retinoids. Temporary responses are achieved with intralesional steroids and cyclosporin. Methods The association of hidradenitis suppurativa with inflammatory bowel disease permitted the opportunity to utilize infliximab and to observe not only its impact on the bowel, but also skin. Results Infliximab dramatically and favorably impacted on three cases of hidradenitis, but also in one of the patients who also had pyoderma gangrenosum. Conclusions Infliximab appears to be an effective medical approach to the management of hidradenitis suppurativa and also to prepare the patient for “curative” surgery. However, one must be cognizant of the potential of acquired drug resistance or adverse drug reactions, which can be minimized by “no vacations” from this systematic therapy and the use of methotrexate to minimize the above potential problems.
Simultaneous Quantification of Brønsted- and Lewis-Acid Sites in a USY Zeolite

Abstract In this report, experimental methods and calculation procedures are described for direct and simultaneous quantification of the Bronsted- and Lewis-acid site concentrations in a sample of USY zeolite. The concentrations of both types of acid sites are characterized by solid-state 31 P MAS NMR spectroscopy of trimethylphosphine oxide probe molecules. The errors associated with the area measurements in the NMR spectrum, and hence the errors in the concentration measurements reported, are estimated with Monte Carlo simulations applied with spectral line-fitting and deconvolution procedures.
Tech-NO-Nerds: why the best student computer lab consultants are often not from the computer science department

TECHNOLOGY NERDS NEED NOT APPLY! Politically-incorrect? Certainly. But that bold statement ought to be at the top of every Student Computer Lab Consultant university job description in the nation. While a solid technological base is desirable when hiring a computer lab consultant, communication and interpersonal skills are far more crucial than programming expertise. Specialized technical skills such as those typically possessed by Computer Science majors are rarely needed when supporting computer labs, where the principal goal is to provide broad-based software and hardware support that will allow all students, whatever field they are pursuing, to successfully achieve their educational and professional goals. The ability to empathize and share ideas and solutions with clarity, along with the facility to think creatively, are ultimately the factors that make for the best computer lab consultants. Consequently, supervisors should always keep in mind the motto "Tech-NO-Nerds" when considering hiring students to fill public campus computer lab positions.In this paper, the authors will discuss the commitment of Northwest Missouri State University's Academic Computing Department to recruit student computer lab consultants from outside the traditional sphere of the Computer Science Department, showcase retention and training methods, and share ideas, practices and techniques for managing and promoting a racially, culturally and academically diverse student workforce.
Tritium labeling of simple 7-membered ring compounds

Seven-membered ring compounds, from cylcoheptane to complex ring structures containing heteroatoms, substituents and fused phenyl rings, were labeled with tritium, using activated and adsorbed tritium. The 7-membered ring structures are generally stable towards reactions with tritium, which allows compounds like 1-benzosuberone, 1-aza-2-methoxy-1-cycloheptene, iminostilbene and clozapine to be labeled to reasonably high specific activities. The best method varies greatly from compound to compound. By optimizing the labeling conditions and use of efficient support exceptionally good results can be obtained. The Pd-on-alumina support gives consistently higher specific activity and less radioimpurity than other supports. Even molecules containing carbon-halogen bond and hydrogen bound to nitrogen can usually be labeled with tritium at stable positions and without dehalogenation.
Near Real Time Confocal Microscopy of Cultured Amelanotic Cells: Sources of Signal, Contrast Agents and Limits of Contrast

The use of high resolution, in vivo confocal imaging for noninvasive assessment of tissue pathology may offer a clinically important adjunct to standard histopathological techniques. To augment the present understanding of both the capabilities and limitations of in vivo confocal imaging, we investigated cellular sources of image contrast in amelanotic tissues, how contrast can be enhanced with external agents and how contrast is degraded by the scattering of overlying cells. A high-resolution reflected light confocal microscope was constructed and used to obtain images of various types of unstained amelanotic cells in suspension in real time before and after the addition of contrast agents. Reflectance images were compared to phase contrast images and electron micrographs to identify morphology visible with real time reflected light confocal microscopy. Mechanisms which decrease image contrast, including interference effects and scattering in overlying layers of cells, were considered. In amelanotic epithelial cells, fluctuations in the nuclear index of refraction provide signal which can be imaged even under several overlying cell layers. Acetic acid is an external contrast agent which can enhance this nuclear backscattering. Image contrast is degraded by the presence of multiple scattering in overlying cell layers. The degradation of image contrast by cell scattering depends on the scattering phase function; in vitro models which use polystyrene microspheres to approximate tissue underestimate the actual degradation caused by cell scattering. The loss in contrast can be explained using a finite difference time domain model of cellular scattering. We conclude that near real time reflected light confocal microscopy can be used to study cell morphology in vivo. Contrast degradation due to overlying tissue is a concern and cannot adequately be modeled using conventional tissue phantoms; however, acetic acid may be used to substantially increase intrinsic contrast, allowing imaging at significant depths despite distortion from overlying layers. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
On approximating probability distributions of a statistic of brown-forsythe from normal and non-normal universes

This article considers a one-way ANOVA model as given in (1.1) with heterogeneous variances. The distributions of the Brown-Forsythe F * statistic for this model are derived and approximated by Laguerre polynomial expansions. The Type 1 error and power function values are then evaluated for both normal and mixtures of two normals populations. For the example with k=3n 1=8,n 2=10 and n 3=12. it is shown that the Satterthwaite approximation provides a close approximation to the null and non-null distributions in most o\ the cases. It is shown that the F * is quite robust with respect to departure from normality for Type 1 error in the case of mixtures of two normals.
Interference of breast implants with echocardiographic image acquisition and interpretation

Echocardiography is one of the most important diagnostic testing in cardiology. The presence of a breast implant overlying heart can cause significant impairment of the echocardiographic acoustic window. Breast implants are increasing in popularity in the USA and the Federal Drug and Food Administration (FDA) just approved silicone implants again. In this review, the impact of silicone breast implant on the echocardiographic image acquisition and interpretation is discussed.
Statewide Systematic Evaluation of Sudden, Unexpected Infant Death Classification: Results from a National Pilot Project

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention funded seven states, including Kentucky, to clarify statewide death certification practices in sudden, unexpected infant death and compare state performances with national expectations. Accurate assignment of the cause and manner of death in cases of sudden, unexpected infant death is critical for accurate vital statistics data to direct limited resources to appropriate targets, and to implement optimal and safe risk reduction strategies. The primary objectives are to (1) Compare SUID death certifications recommended by the KY medical examiners with the stated cause of death text field on the hard copy death electronic death certificates and (2) Compare KY and national SUID rates. Causes of death for SUID cases recommended by the medical examiners and those appearing on the hard copy and electronic death certificates in KY were collected retrospectively for 2004 and 2005. Medical examiner recommendations were based upon a classification scheme devised by them in 2003. Coroners hard copy death certificates and the cause of death rates in KY were compared to those occurring nationally. Eleven percent of infants dying suddenly and unexpectedly did not undergo autopsy during the study interval. The KY 2003 classification scheme for SIDS is at variance with the NICHD and San Diego SIDS definitions. Significant differences in causes of death recommended by medical examiners and those appearing on the hard copy and electronic death certificates were identified. SIDS rates increased in KY in contrast to decreasing rates nationally. Nationwide adoption of a widely used SIDS definition, such as that proposed in San Diego in 2004 as well as legislation by states to ensure autopsy in all cases of sudden unexpected infant death are recommended. Medical examiners’ recommendations for cause of death should appear on death certificates. Multidisciplinary pediatric death review teams prospectively evaluating cases before death certification is recommended. Research into other jurisdictions death certification process is encouraged.
A restriction enzyme cleavage map of the histidine utilization (hut) genes of Klebsiella aerogenes and deletions lacking regions of hut DNA

The histidine utilization (hut) operons of Klebsiella aerogenes were cloned into pBR322. The hut genes are wholly contained on a 7.9 kilobase pair fragment bounded by HindIII restriction sites and expression of hut is independent of the orientation of the fragment with respect to pBR322. A restriction map locating the 27 cleavage sites within hut for the enzymes, HindIII, PvuII, SalI, BglII, KpnI, PstI, SmaI, AvaI, and BamHI was deduced. Several of the cleavage sites for the enzymes HaeIII and HinfI were also mapped. A set of deletion plasmids was isolated by removing various restriction fragments from the original plasmid. These deletions were characterized and were used to assist in mapping restriction sites. This physical characterization of hut DNA opens the way for genetic and molecular analysis of the regulation of hut gene expression in vitro as well as in vivo.
Polymer-Fulleren-Solarzellen

Nichtfossile Energien wie die Sonnenenergie stehen zunehmend im Mittelpunkt unterschiedlichster Forschungsfelder. Vielversprechende Perspektiven fur die Entwicklung preiswerter und leichter Photovoltaikeinheiten bieten organische Polymere, die eine einfache Fertigung der aktiven Schichten durch Verfahren in Losung ermoglichen. Die Funktion derartiger excitonischer Solarzellen beruht auf dem photoinduzierten Elektronentransfer von einem Donor zu einem Akzeptor. Ein mittlerweile sehr verbreitetes Akzeptormaterial sind Fullerene, die sich durch eine hohe Elektronenaffinitat und einen effizienten Ladungstransport auszeichnen. Am effektivsten sind solche Solarzellen als bikontinuierliches Polymer-Fulleren-Komposit, auch als Heteroubergang bezeichnet. Die zurzeit besten derartigen Solarzellen erreichen einen Wirkungsgrad von etwa 5 %; um anwendungs- und markttaugliche Systeme zu erhalten, muss jedoch erst das komplexe Wechselspiel zwischen der Morphologie der aktiven Schicht und ihren elektronischen Eigenschaften deutlich besser verstanden werden.
Genomic mapping by end-characterized random clones: a mathematical analysis.

Physical maps can be constructed by {open_quotes}fingerprinting{close_quotes} a large number of random clones and inferring overlap between clones when the fingerprints are sufficiently similar. E. Lander and M. Waterman gave a mathematical analysis of such mapping strategies. The analysis is useful for comparing various fingerprinting methods. Recently it has been proposed that ends of clones rather than the entire clone be fingerprinted or characterized. Such fingerprints, which include sequenced clone ends, require a mathematical analysis deeper than that of Lander-Waterman. This paper studies clone islands, which can include uncharacterized regions, and also the islands that are formed entirely from the ends of clones. 23 refs., 11 figs., 4 tabs.
On the relevance of ethnography for the production of public sociology and policy

Vaughan (Sociology, Boston College) (Corresponding author email: vaughand@bc.edu) © London School of Economics and Political Science 2005 ISSN 0007-1315 print/1468-4446 online. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK and 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148, USA on behalf of the LSE. DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2005.00074.x On the relevance of ethnography for the production of public sociology and policy
Topically applied erythromycin in inflammatory acne vulgaris

We evaluated the effectiveness of 2% erythromycin and its alcohol/propylene glycol vehicle in the treatment of three hundred forty-eight patients with inflammatory acne vulgaris. A significantly greater reduction was noted in the papulopustule count for the erythromycin-treated group compared to the vehicle-treated group. Additionally, clinical improvement, as measured by physician global ratings, was significantly greater in the erythromycin-treated group. A lower adverse reaction rate observed in the erythromycin-treated patients may result from previously demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties of this antibiotic.
Excitation in a model for time-dependent electrical nerve bundle stimulation

A computer-based mathematical model is used to evaluate the time-dependent potential field within a bundle of peripheral nerve fibers in response to a time-varying external point source stimulus. The biomain concept is used in order to account for the presence of multiple fibers in the cylindrical bundle, as well as the propensity for current to cross the fiber membranes into the intracellular space. The resulting potential field is sensitive to the stimulating waveform and frequency, since the membrane capacitance is included in the formulation. Myelinated nerve fiber responses are determined with the use of a core-conductor cable representation that has excitable nodes of Ranvier, using the interstitial potentials as externally applied to the cable. Relative effects of fiber diameter are then examined in response to specified stimulator (periodic) waveforms of specified frequencies; dependence of an individual fiber's excitability on its depth within the bundle is also examined. Results indicate the range of stimulator frequencies for which a steady-state (electronic) model approximation can be used and provide insight into stimulation routines for selectively activating certain fiber diameter groups to elicit a desired functional response. >
Random Quantiles Associated with the Dirichlet Process

This paper examines the finite-dimensional distributions of the quantiles of a random distribution function following a Dirichlet process on the real line with an absolutely continuous parameter. We find that while the inducing Dirichlet distributions of random probabilities are absolutely continuous, the derived finite-dimensional distributions of random quantiles are not absolutely continuous. This fact presents significant challenges for Bayesian nonparametric quantile inference and applications such as quantile regression and forecasting the nonparametric quantile forecasts of others.
Characterization of Substrate Materials For End-Use Environment Classification

With the expansion of the use of sensors in everyday life, especially in medical and security fields, it has become pertinent that a substrate be chosen which is not only compatible with the sensor functionality and its manufacturing flow but also with the use environment of the sensor. Roll-to-roll manufacturability is also an important consideration along with the quality, reliability and cost of the end product. Material advances have provided a wide variety of choices which need to be studied and understood for competitive applications. In this study, a sample of the results of the evaluation of selected substrate materials are presented. This effort helps provide a reference database and comparison to choose a material for a particular application and application environment.
A clinical trial of anti-idiotype therapy for B cell malignancy.

Eleven patients with B lymphocytic malignancy were treated with mouse monoclonal anti-idiotype antibodies. All but one of the patients in this study had received extensive prior treatment with conventional lymphoma therapy. All antibodies were prepared against, and uniquely reactive with, the patient9s own tumor. Ten patients were treated with a single antibody, but one patient received three antibodies concurrently. The treatment protocol initially used an escalating dose schedule that was intended to evaluate toxicity, pharmacokinetics and, eventually, to achieve appreciable levels of free mouse antibody in the circulation. The last two patients received substantial initial doses. Tumor sampling was performed before and during therapy to evaluate tissue penetration by antibody. None of the patients had serum paraproteins by routine clinical testing, but six had idiotype protein detectable by a sensitive immunoassay at levels greater than 1 microgram/mL, two of which were greater than 200 micrograms/mL. Plasmapheresis was capable of reducing these levels temporarily. However, the presence of serum idiotype increased the requirement for mouse antibody to achieve tumor penetration. Another obstacle to treatment was immune response to mouse Ig, which occurred in five of the 11 patients. Once an immune response had begun, further infusions of antibody were not capable of reaching the tumor or inducing tumor regression and were associated with toxicity. Our initial patient remains in an unmaintained complete remission 42 months after receiving antibody. Five of ten additional patients have had objective remissions that were also clinically significant. However, these remissions were not complete and were of relatively short duration. This therapy shows promise as an alternative modality for the treatment of B cell malignancy. Further study will be needed to determine the mechanisms of the antitumor effect and to improve the clinical results.
Make Me Democratic, But Not Yet: Sunrise lawmaking and Democratic Constitutionalism

“Sunrise amendments” — constitutional provisions that only take effect after a substantial time delay — could revolutionize American politics. Yet they remain undertheorized and unfamiliar. This Article presents the first comprehensive examination of sunrise lawmaking. It first explores a theoretical puzzle. On the one hand, sunrise lawmaking resuscitates the possibility of using Article V amendments to forge “a more perfect union” by inducing disinterested behavior from legislators. On the other, it exacerbates the “counter-majoritarian difficulty” inherent in all constitutional lawmaking. When one generation passes a law that affects exclusively its successors, it sidesteps the traditional forms of democratic accountability that constrain and legitimate the legislative process. The Article accordingly argues that while sunrise lawmaking holds considerable promise, it should be confined to “democracy-enhancing” reforms that increase future generations’ capacity to govern themselves. With this normative framework in place, the Article turns to the question of how time delays have actually been used in American constitutional history. It identifies six different instances of sunrise lawmaking in the U.S. Constitution. It argues that several of these illustrate how sunrise lawmaking can enhance the democratic character of American government, but at least one offers a cautionary tale of how temporal dislocation in constitutional lawmaking can have pernicious consequences.
Childbearing in the United States

Childbearing in the United States has experienced marked changes from colonial times to the present. Today, 99 percent of all US births occur in the hospital, which is in stark contrast to centuries of women birthing in the home. This entry includes a history and current state of childbearing in the United States. Particular attention is paid to midwifery, the medicalization of childbirth, and out-of-hospital birth today. Ideologies of patriarchy, technology, and capitalism, and their relationship to childbearing, are discussed. Keywords: alternative medicine; children; medicalization; risk; women
Holistic Integrative Analysis of International Change: A Commentary on Teaching Emergent Futures

The discussion cover the teaching of holistic assessment of international change. Aspects of static to dynamic assessment of change are covered, as are futures forecasting issues.
Dispersal of Sterile Tobacco Budworms from Release Points in Northeastern Mexico and Southern Texas

Laboratory-reared adult tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens (F.), marked with dyes (fed in the larval diet) and sterilized by 60Co irradiation were released at separate points in northeastern Mexico and southern Texas and recovered in sex-lure traps set at known distances at cardinal compass directions. In Mexico, male moths dispersed 10 miles (16.1 km) north in 24 h, and a distance-dilution effect was indicated. In southern Texas, moths dispersed as much as 70 miles (112.6 km) from the release point within an estimated period of 4–5 days. The locations of major areas of cultivated host plants in southern Texas were reflected by the high densities of native moths caught in the baited survey traps, but the numbers of marked, released moths caught at the various locations did not correspond to the numbers of native tobacco bud worms caught.
Atomic Bonding in Amorphous Alloys Based on Carbon, Nitrogen, and Hydrogen: A Thermodynamic Approach

A thermodynamic model previously outlined for the prediction of the bonding in amorphous hydrogenated carbon-nitrogen alloy films (a-CxNyHz), is extended here to include the effects of enthalpy and entropy. Predictions are presented for the bonding of tetrahedral C(sp3), trigonal C(sp2), pyramidal N(sp3), and trigonal N(sp2) atoms in the alloy as well as the bonding of H to these atoms. When bond energies alone are considered, it is predicted that typical a-CxNyHz films will undergo a phase separation into graphitic regions containing C(sp2) atoms, and C(sp2)-N(sp3)-H groups, and diamond-like or polymeric regions containing only C(sp3) and H atoms. When the effects of entropy are also included, phase separation is eliminated and C(sp3)-C(sp2), C(sp2)=N(sp2), and C(sp2)-N(sp2), bonds are also predicted to be present. The model predictions are compared with experimental results for typical amorphous a-CxNyHz alloys that have been prepared via plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition from mixtures of nitrogen and acetylene. In a film with y=0.07 the carbon atoms sp3/sp2 ratio is predicted to be 0.7, while 80% of N atoms are predicted to be trigonal N(sp2) atoms.
One-Dimensional Ni-Based Nanostructures and Their Application as Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes: A DFT Investigation

Using density functional theory methods, we investigate the relative stability of three types of 1D Ni nanostructures. The first two are conceived from the growth of either Ih or Oh symmetry 0D nan...
Emergency Blood Transfusion Protocols

The overwhelming majority of red blood cell transfusions are administered after pretransfusion compatibility testing has been completed and compatible blood has been found. Some patients, however, have such sudden and severe bleeding that routine pretransfusion compatibility testing must be waived. It is important that transfusion services establish protocols to deal with these emergencies effectively as well as the problems that can arise when blood must be administered prior to the completion of compatibility testing.
Biomass to Fuels: Thermo-chemical or Bio-chemical Conversion?

Copyright: © 2012 Chen Y. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. The combination of economic and environmental factors, such as soaring crude oil prices, diminishing oil reserves, and changing climate, has created global interest for developing renewable energy sources that could replace fossil fuels [1,2]. Fuels produced from renewable resources such as lignocellulosic biomass have been considered the best potential alternative fuels for replacing fossil fuels in the future. Currently, there are two routes for converting biomass into fuels or other useful bio-products: a) bio-chemical process and b) thermochemical process. These two have been intensively studied. But which process is preferred for commercialization in terms of technical and economical feasibility?
THE AIR POLLUTION PRESENT CONDITION OF THE MOUNTAIN DOWNTOWN COAL SMOKE TYPE AND MANAGE MEASURE OF PING DING SHAN

This text analyzed even crest the mountain downtown coal to result in serious present condition and its reason of air pollution,to implement"blue sky engineering",put forward managing measure,policy measure,coal combustion front,combustion process and smoke spirit exhaust three stages of desulfurization and dust collection technique measure.
Clinical significance of fetal heart rate patterns during labor. VI. Early decelerations.

Abstract In a population of high-risk patients who had continuous “direct” monitoring during labor, 598 (46%) had no decelerations during the first stage, while 247 (19%) had presented early decelerations before completion of dilatation. The clinical characteristics, the fetal heart rate (FHR) baseline alterations, and neonatal outcome were compared between these two groups: there were no differences in any of the aspects evaluated, except that there was transient tachycardia more often among the early-decelerations group. The patients who had no decelerations were subdivided into vaginal deliveries and cesarean deliveries, and the same parameters were compared again: the cesarean section group had longer recordings and more contractions, lower Apgar 1 and 5 minute scores, and higher incidences of Apgar scores ≤ 6 at 1 minute, while all other aspects were similar. A possible explanation was that 82% of cesarean sections were done under general anesthesia and only 3% of vaginal deliveries. The implication of ruptured membranes in the etiology of early decelerations was extensively reviewed and discussed in view of these findings. It is concluded that amniotomy does not seem a maneuver deleterious to the fetal well-being.
Assessing Homicides by and of U.S. Law-Enforcement Officers

“Legal intervention deaths” of civilians — cases in which someone is killed by a law-enforcement or other peace officer while that officer is on duty — and occupational homicides of law-enforcement officers have garnered increasing attention in the United States, owing to numerous recent high-profile incidents. These events are not only devastating to the victims’ families and the directly affected communities or neighborhoods; they also erode the relationship between law-enforcement agencies and the diverse populations they serve. Though these killings account for a small percentage of total U.S. homicides, they represent a significant public health burden and can incite further . . .
Modern Day Treatment Planning Dilemmas; Natural Tooth Versus Implants

Decision-making about a treatment plan whether to preserve a compromised tooth with endodontic therapy and a protective, functional restoration or to extract and replace it with an implant requires evidence-based diagnosis and recommendations based on patient factors, tooth and periodontium-based factors, and treatment-based factors. The first consideration should be the preservation of the natural dentition as long as possible, since the extraction and implant placement can be done at anytime and the implant treatment is not without risk. This component of the chapter outlines the evidence to recommend and plan the most appropriate treatment when faced with restoring the compromised tooth.
Abstract 211: Sam68 Is a Transcriptional Repressor of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme-1b Gene and Regulates Blood Pressure

We have recently reported that E2F2, a transcription factor known for its role in cell proliferation and apoptosis, regulates the expression of endothelin-converting enzyme- 1b (ECE-1b) in endothelial cells and contributes to the maintenance of vascular contractility and blood pressure. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie this novel, cell-cycle independent function of E2F2 remain largely elusive. In this current study, we profiled E2F2 interactome in the nucleus of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by utilizing a proteomic approach. Of 20 E2F2-interacting proteins identified is the Sam68, a classic RNA-binding protein known as a Src kinase substrate. Both endogenous and ectopically expressed Sam68 interact with E2F2 as confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation. Overexpression of Sam68 repressed whereas knockdown of Sam68 increased E2F2-induced ECE-1b promoter activity and mRNA expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses further confirmed that E2F2 and Sam68 colocalize on ECE-1b promoter, indicating that ECE-1b is a direct transcriptional target of E2F2 and Sam68. In vivo, Sam68 knockout (KO) mice displayed a significantly lowered blood pressure (BP) as compared to WT littermates (tail-cuff measurements of mean BP, KO vs. WT: 104 ± 6 vs. 123 ± 7 mmHg, n=25 males of age 4-6 months, P
Infective endocarditis causing mitral valve stenosis – a rare but deadly complication: a case report

Infective endocarditis rarely causes mitral valve stenosis. When present, it has the potential to cause severe hemodynamic decompensation and death. There are only 15 reported cases in the literature of mitral prosthetic valve bacterial endocarditis causing stenosis by obstruction. This case is even more unusual due to the mechanism by which functional mitral stenosis occurred. We report a case of a 23-year-old white woman with a history of intravenous drug abuse who presented with acute heart failure. Transthoracic echocardiography failed to show valvular vegetation, but high clinical suspicion led to transesophageal imaging that demonstrated infiltrative prosthetic valve endocarditis causing severe mitral stenosis. Despite extensive efforts from a multidisciplinary team, she died as a result of her critical illness. The discussion of this case highlights endocarditis physiology, the notable absence of stenosis in modified Duke criteria, and the utility of transesophageal echocardiography in clinching a diagnosis. It advances our knowledge of how endocarditis manifests, and serves as a valuable lesson for clinicians treating similar patients who present with stenosis but no regurgitation on transthoracic imaging, as a decision to forego a transesophageal echocardiography could cause this serious complication of endocarditis to be missed.
Polarization-induced transport in organic field-effect transistors: the role of ferroelectric dielectrics

The ferroelectric nature of polymer ferroelectrics such as poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) has been known for over 45 years. However, its role in interfacial transport in organic/polymeric field-effect transistors (FETs) is not that well understood. Dielectrics based on PVDF and its copolymers are a perfect test-bed for conducting transport studies where a systematic tuning of the dielectric constant with temperature may be achieved. The charge transport mechanism in an organic semiconductor often occurs at the intersection of band-like coherent motion and incoherent hopping through localized states. By choosing two small molecule organic semiconductors - pentacene and 6,13 bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-pentacene) – along with a copolymer of PVDF (PVDF-TrFe) as the dielectric layer, the transistor characteristics are monitored as a function of temperature. A negative coefficient of carrier mobility is observed in TIPS-pentacene upwards of 200 K with the ferroelectric dielectric. In contrast, TIPS-pentacene FETs show an activated transport with non-ferroelectric dielectrics. Pentacene FETs, on the other hand, show a weak temperature dependence of the charge carrier mobility in the ferroelectric phase of PVDF-TrFE, which is attributed to polarization fluctuation driven transport resulting from a coupling of the charge carriers to the surface phonons of the dielectric layer. Further, we show that there is a strong correlation between the nature of traps in the organic semiconductor and interfacial transport in organic FETs, especially in the presence of a ferroelectric dielectric.
Free Speech and Unfree News: The Paradox of Press Freedom in America

By Sam LebovicCambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2016, 352 pp.The American construct of freedom of expression, as applied to the press, became synonymous in the twentieth century with the ide...
No One Way to School: Pluralism and American Public Education, by Ashley Rogers Berner: New York, NY: Palgrave/Macmillan, 2017, 185 pp., $22.00 (paperback)

Scholars often write books about historical wrong turns, but seldom with such optimism about righting them as in historian Ashley Rogers Berner’s No One Way to School: Pluralism and American Public...
Large Davydov Splitting and Strong Fluorescence Suppression: An Investigation of Exciton Delocalization in DNA-Templated Holliday Junction Dye Aggregates

Exciton delocalization in dye aggregate systems is a phenomenon that is revealed by spectral features, such as Davydov splitting, J- and H-aggregate behavior, and fluorescence suppression. Using DNA as an architectural template to assemble dye aggregates enables specific control of the aggregate size and dye type, proximal and precise positioning of the dyes within the aggregates, and a method for constructing large, modular two- and three-dimensional arrays. Here, we report on dye aggregates, organized via an immobile Holliday junction DNA template, that exhibit large Davydov splitting of the absorbance spectrum (125 nm, 397.5 meV), J- and H-aggregate behavior, and near-complete suppression of the fluorescence emission (∼97.6% suppression). Because of the unique optical properties of the aggregates, we have demonstrated that our dye aggregate system is a viable candidate as a sensitive absorbance and fluorescence optical reporter. DNA-templated aggregates exhibiting exciton delocalization may find applic...
One Dose of Intravenous Tranexamic Acid Is Equivalent to Two Doses in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty.

Background:Tranexamic acid (TXA) helps to prevent excessive blood loss during total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA), but the most efficacious dosing protocol has not been ascertained. The purpose of this study was to identify whether 1 dose of intravenous TXA is equivalent t
Coarse-grained Molecular Dynamics Provides Insight into the Interactions of Lipids and Cholesterol with Rhodopsin

Protein function is a complicated interplay between structure and dynamics, which can be heavily influenced by environmental factors and conditions. This is particularly true in the case of membrane proteins, such as the visual receptor rhodopsin. It has been well documented that lipid headgroups, polyunsaturated tails, and the concentration of cholesterol in membranes all play a role in the function of rhodopsin. Recently, we used all-atom simulations to demonstrate that different lipid species have preferential interactions and possible binding sites on rhodopsin’s surface, consistent with experiment. However, the limited timescales of the simulations meant that the statistical uncertainty of these results was substantial. Accordingly, we present here 32 independent 1.6 μs coarse-grained simulations exploring lipids and cholesterols surrounding rhodopsin and opsin, in lipid bilayers mimicking those found naturally. Our results agree with those found experimentally and in previous simulations, but with far better statistical certainty. The results demonstrate the value of combining all-atom and coarse-grained models with experiment to provide a well-rounded view of lipid-protein interactions.
Public Health Consequences on Vulnerable Populations from Acute Chemical Releases

Data from a large, multi-state surveillance system on acute chemical releases were analyzed to describe the type of events that are potentially affecting vulnerable populations (children, elderly and hospitalized patients) in order to better prevent and plan for these types of incidents in the future. During 2003-2005, there were 231 events where vulnerable populations were within ¼ mile of the event and the area of impact was greater than 200 feet from the facility/point of release. Most events occurred on a weekday during times when day care centers or schools were likely to be in session. Equipment failure and human error caused a majority of the releases. Agencies involved in preparing for and responding to chemical emergencies should work with hospitals, nursing homes, day care centers, and schools to develop policies and procedures for initiating appropriate protective measures and managing the medical needs of patients. Chemical emergency response drills should involve the entire community to protect those that may be more susceptible to harm.
Review of the reliability in a robotic application: autonomous driving cars

Autonomous driving car ADC is required to have adequate safety and reliability in the complex and uncertain environment This mini review investigates a variety of reasons for the unreliability of ADCs describes the cutting edge reliability modeling and analysis methods and explores the potential solutions to improve ADC reliability Additionally future research concerning the reliability ADCs is proposed from mechanical electrical software and human aspects as well
Flexibility of Finger Activation Patterns Elicited through Non-invasive Multi-Electrode Nerve Stimulation

The inability to effectively activate and control skeletal muscles is a common impairment following a variety of neurological conditions or injuries. One common approach to restoring or augmenting this impairment is the use of external electrical stimulation of the muscles, called functional electrical stimulation (FES). Typically targeted directly at the anatomical muscle belly, existing methodologies often involve high current amplitudes, limited superficial muscle activation, and early onset of muscle fatigue. We have recently explored the capabilities of a non-invasive peripheral nerve stimulation method for the dexterous control of finger and hand muscles. Further development of our stimulation system has enabled us to manually search across a variety of stimulation locations with increased consistency and efficiency. This study examined the preliminary results in two subjects of an automated stimulation system which can rapidly characterize a large combination of stimulation electrodes. Our preliminary findings suggested that the stimulation grid was able to produce a number of clustered EMG activities and finger forces. This robust ability to flexibly generate different grasp patterns demonstrates the promise of the methodology in future applications for FES and rehabilitation.
A Study Of Creativity Among Adolescents Students

Creative achievements are the foundation for development in the world. Creativity is affected by many variables, and its source lies in the production of high‐quality, original, and well-designed solutions to complex, novel, and ill‐defined problems. In other words, creativity is the capacity to produce new art, ideas, techniques or other products which are useful, aesthetically appealing, meaningful and correct within a particular field. It is regarded as the ability for divergent thinking or open ended thought. The general factors of creativity are fluency, originality, adaptivety, spontaneity, flexibility and ability to make logical evaluations. The creative individuals are self assertive, dominant (Whittkar 1970), sensitive (Bhattacharya 1956) and non-confirming (Cashdan and welsh-1966). They prefer to live in the world of imagination and fantasy. They tend to be aggressive unstable and curious. They ignore orthodox expectations and break rules and regulations (Rubin 1969). Since creativity involves the qualities like independence of thought and action, non-conformity to group pressure, etc. It is most common that creative individuals experience some unusual problem of adjustment. These individuals may also differ in their intelligence, personality, and personal problems. The present study is an attempt to find whether school back ground or academic stream have any effect on creativity.
377) Changes in the Brain and Patient Impression of Change among Multiple Clinical Domains following Interdisciplinary Pain Management for Chronic Pain

Given the subjective nature of chronic pain, it is standard of care to assess efficacy of treatment interventions utilizing patient self-report measures. The present study examined pre- to post-treatment changes in volumes for brain structures known to be associated with pain processing (thalamus, caudate, putamen, pallidum, hippocampus, amygdala, and accummbens) following an interdisciplinary pain management program. Twenty-five patients starting a 4-week program were recruited for the study, with 21 patients completing the study. The program consisted of individual and group therapies with the following disciplines: physical therapy, occupational therapy, pain psychology, biofeedback/relaxation training, nursing lectures [PS1] and medical management. All patients underwent functional MRI of the brain prior to the start and at completion of the program. The Multidimensional Patient Impression of Change (MPIC) measure was collected upon completion of the program to assess patient's perceptions of change in Overall Status, Pain, Sleep, Mood, Physical Functioning, Coping with Pain, Managing Pain Flare-ups, and Medication Efficacy. Paired-samples t-test indicated significant increases in brain volumes in the thalamus, hippocampus, and amygdala (P's