cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling electrical double-layer effects for microfluidic impedance spectroscopy from 100 kHz to 110 GHz.

Broadband microfluidic-based impedance spectroscopy can be used to characterize complex fluids, with applications in medical diagnostics and in chemical and pharmacological manufacturing. Many relevant fluids are ionic; during impedance measurements ions migrate to the electrodes, forming an electrical double-layer. Effects from the electrical double-layer dominate over, and reduce sensitivity to, the intrinsic impedance of the fluid below a characteristic frequency. Here we use calibrated measurements of saline solution in microfluidic coplanar waveguide devices at frequencies between 100 kHz and 110 GHz to directly measure the double-layer admittance for solutions of varying ionic conductivity. We successfully model the double-layer admittance using a combination of a Cole–Cole response with a constant phase element contribution. Our analysis yields a double-layer relaxation time that decreases linearly with solution conductivity, and allows for double-layer effects to be separated from the intrinsic fluid response and quantified for a wide range of conducting fluids.
The long-term impact of wheelchair delivery on the lives of people with disabilities in three countries of the world.

Background: Lack of access to mobility for people with disabilities, particularly in less- resourced settings, continues to be widespread. Despite challenges to wheelchair delivery, the benefits to health, employment, social integration and life satisfaction are apparent. Objectives: Previous studies have explored the impact of receiving a wheelchair on the lives of the users through cross-sectional or short-term longitudinal analysis. The current study was undertaken to evaluate whether previously reported changes were sustained after 30 months of use, and whether results varied between two differing models of a wheelchair. Method: One hundred and ninety-one subjects from Peru, Uganda and Vietnam received one of two models of wheelchair provided by the Free Wheelchair Mission. Using interviews to record survey results, data were collected at the time the wheelchair was received and following 12 and 30 months of use. Variables of overall health, employment, income and travel were explored through non-parametric analysis. Results: There was a significant improvement in overall health and distance travelled after 12 months, but these changes were no longer significant by 30 months (Friedman test for overall change, p = 0.000). Employment status showed a small but significant increase at 12 and 30 months (Cochran’s Q, p = 0.000). Reported income increased slowly, becoming significantly different at 30 months (Friedman test, p = 0.033). There was no association between the model of wheelchair received and the incidence of pressure ulcers, pain or maintenance required. There was higher satisfaction with the GEN_2 wheelchair at 12 months ( p = 0.004), but this difference was not apparent by 30 months. Overall wheelchair satisfaction and maintenance levels were favourable. Conclusion: While overall health status, and distance travelled into the community fluctuated over time, receipt of one of two models of a wheelchair in less-resourced settings of the world appears to have a positive sustained impact on employment and income. Further investigations should be carried out to confirm these results and explore the factors responsible for fluctuating variables. This study affirms the importance of long-term follow-up of outcomes associated with wheelchair distribution in less-resourced environments.
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation (PNS): Trial

There are two phases of stimulation, which include a trial and permanent placement, if indicated. Trial period should be long enough to assess appropriate targeting of nerve pain, concomitant increase in function, and improvement in specific measures to enhance quality of life. Assessment of trial response should incorporate standardized outcome tools before, during, and after the trial.
Epidural Abscess After Epidural Steroid Injection in a Patient on TNF-Alpha Inhibitors

Biologic response modifiers have revolutionized the treatment of a number of chronic inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis, seronegative spondyloarthropathies, psoriasis, and inflammatory bowel disease. The tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) inhibitors have a targeted strategy for the treatment of systemic inflammation and improve patient symptoms and function. However, TNF-alpha has demonstrated importance in the protection against several pathogens, leaving patients on this therapy more prone to infections.
The development of heart failure in patients with diabetes mellitus and pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction a population-based study.

Objectives The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients. Background Studies have reported a high prevalence of pre-clinical diastolic dysfunction among patients with diabetes mellitus. Methods We identified all diabetic patients with a tissue Doppler imaging assessment of diastolic function in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from 2001 to 2007. Diastolic dysfunction was defined as a passive transmitral left ventricular (LV) inflow velocity to tissue Doppler imaging velocity of the medial mitral annulus during passive filling (E/e′) ratio >15. The main outcome was the development of heart failure (HF). Secondary outcomes were the development of atrial fibrillation and death. Results Overall, 1,760 diabetic patients with a tissue Doppler echocardiographic assessment of diastolic function were identified; 411 (23%) patients had diastolic dysfunction. Using multivariable Cox9s proportional hazard modeling, we determined that for every 1-U increase in the passive transmitral LV inflow velocity to tissue Doppler imaging velocity of the medial mitral annulus during passive filling (E/e′) ratio, the hazard ratio (HR) of HF increased by 3% (HR: 1.03; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 1.06; p = 0.006) and that diastolic dysfunction was associated with the subsequent development of HF after adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, hypertension, coronary disease, and echocardiographic parameters (HR: 1.61; 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.20; p = 0.003). The cumulative probability of the development of HF at 5 years for diabetic patients with diastolic dysfunction was 36.9% compared with 16.8% for patients without diastolic dysfunction (p Conclusions We demonstrated that an increase in the passive transmitral LV inflow velocity to tissue Doppler imaging velocity of the medial mitral annulus during passive filling (E/e′) ratio in diabetic patients is associated with the subsequent development of HF and increased mortality independent of hypertension, coronary disease, or other echocardiographic parameters.
Mechanisms Behind Pyrroloquinoline Quinone Supplementation on Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Biogenesis: Possible Synergistic Effects with Exercise.

There is clear evidence that endurance exercise training elicits intramuscular adaptations that can lead to elevations in mitochondrial biogenesis, oxidative capacity, mitochondrial density, and mi...
Dominant-Negative and Knockdown Approaches to Studying PPAR Activity

Manipulation of PPAR activity is often a valuable approach toward elucidation of the cellular effects of PPARs. The activity of specific PPARs can be decreased using chemical inhibitors, but these approaches can be affected by nonspecific interactions or cell toxicity. Alternative approaches include targeting PPAR gene expression or activity through molecular biology strategies. Here, we describe the targeting of PPARγ through dominant-negative and siRNA-mediated knockdown constructs.
The Enactment of Federal Legislation

The Constitution provides that the Senate and the House of Representatives each “may determine the Rules of its Proceedings.” From the first Congress in 1789, a parliamentary practice evolved. Currently Congress operates under the provisions of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, which modified the rules of the two houses in certain important respects, subject to the constitutional right of either house to change them again at any time. The legislation was enacted as an exercise of the rulemaking power of the Senate and the House of Representatives, respectively.
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and GHD-like syndromes

The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a foundation of knowledge which will permit the best interpretation possible of the manuscripts which follow. To accomplish this, some salient data which are known will be briefly reviewed, and the challenges of unanswered questions concerning growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and GHD-like syndromes will be presented.
Sequence-based discovery of a synthetic peptide inhibitor of caspase 6

We recently demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor alpha activates caspase 6, which in turn cleaves transcription factor AP-2 alpha. We mapped the cleavage site at 19 amino acids from the N-terminus at the sequence aspartate-argenine-histidine-aspartate (DRHD). Mutating aspartic acid at position 19 abrogated the cleavage site. From these observations, we hypothesized that the DRHD peptide could act as a caspase 6 inhibitor. To test this hypothesis, the peptide zAsp(Ome)-Arg-His-Asp(Ome)-fluoromethyl ketone (zDRHDfmk) was synthesized. Here we show that zDRHDfmk inhibits TNFα-induced caspase 6 activity and apoptosis in breast cancer cells. When compared to other caspase inhibitors, zDRHDfmk inhibited caspase 6 activity more effectively than the general caspase inhibitor zVal-Ala-Lys(Ome)-fluoromethy ketone (zVADfmk) or the caspase 6 inhibitor zVal-Glu-Ile-Asp-(Ome)-fluoromethyl ketone (zVEIDfmk). However, it was less effective in inhibiting TNFα-induced apoptosis than zVADfmk or zVEIDfmk, presumably because caspase 6 is only one of at least three effector caspases, the others being caspase 3 and 7, that are active during caspase-dependent apoptosis. The discovery of this sequence-based caspase 6 inhibitor provides a new tool for studying caspase 6. More importantly, it could be used, in combination with other agents, as a drug to inhibit apoptosis in neurodegenrative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
An Exploratory Investigation of Voice Characteristics and Selling Effectiveness

An exploratory investigation of selected voice characteristics of 21 direct salespeople revealed that rate of speaking, average pause duration, and fundamental frequency contour were significantly related to a measure of output sales performance. Although a sample of 26 housewives (who constituted the target market for the product being sold) was able to distinguish among the speaking rates of the salespeople, there was no relationship between either the housewives' perceptions of the salespeople based on their voice characteristics or between perceptions and output sales performance. Relative to a comparison group of 13 nonsalespeople, the salespeople spoke more rapidly and produced fundamental frequency contours that fell more.
Traditional Lifestyles Protect Against Parental Divorce: Effects of Religion, Ethnicity, Rurality and Mother's Employment in Australia in the 20th Century

This paper examines the sources of parental divorce in Australia using respondents' retrospective reports of their parents' behavior, which allows us to look back as far as the early years of the 20th century. The data are from a pooled series of representative national samples of Australia conducted between 1984 and 2002 (N=19,601 valid cases for this analysis), which we analyze using probit regression models. Replicating prior research, we find that rural parents and Mediterranean immigrant parents have more stable marriages. Taking into account further traditionalism measures - church attendance and maternal employment - substantially expands our knowledge and changes our understanding of the already established effects. Parents who are faithful church-goers have much more stable marriages, even net of many other influences. By contrast, religious denomination does not have significant effects, nor do education, occupation, or income. Maternal employment increases the risk of divorce. It also reduces the previously established rurality effect to insignificance, suggesting that it merely reflects lower maternal employment in the countryside. By contrast, the protective effect of Mediterranean origins is actually amplified after adjustment for maternal employment. The effect of maternal employment declined strongly over time, with important implications for understanding the causal direction of the relationship. Even after taking our expanded range of influences into account, there are still substantial effects unmeasured variables represented by a time trend toward increasing divorce.
Thermomechanical Analysis of Dental Waxes in the Penetration Mode

Differential thermal analysis (DTA) of commercial and dental waxes has established the presence of solid-solid as well as melting transitions1. The phase changes associated with these transition temperatures can be expected to influence the mechanical behavior of wax. Flow under load is an important property of waxes used in dentistry and is known to vary with time and temperature2,3 however, the method used in specification testing for measuring flow by loading a specimen at a constant temperature for a given interval of time does not directly indicate the relationship between flow and the phase(s) present in the wax.
Undermining Governmental Legitimacy at the Grass Roots: The Role of Inflated Expectations of Community Accountability

Over the decades, the authors have been engaged as volunteers and mid-level operatives in Democratic Party politics in New York City, as well as community activists. To be effective, political and community activism requires moral compromises. Understatements, overstatements and misstatements are often used to accomplish objectives. At the micro-social level, personality, as well as personal interest, influences the actions of both activism and politics. At the macro-social level, societal-wide cultural values demand conformity by local actors. Pardo and Prato have noted ‘[a] key task of governance is to establish and nurture the connection with citizens’ values, needs and expectations, the strength of which depends upon the observable quality of the link between political responsibility and trust and authority in the exercise of power’ (Pardo and Prato, Introduction: Disconnected Governance and the Crisis of Legitimacy. In Citizenship and the Legitimacy of Governance in the Mediterranean Region, ed. I. Pardo and G.B. Prato, 1. Farnham: Ashgate (now published by Routledge), 2011).
dStruct: identifying differentially reactive regions from RNA structurome profiling data

RNA biology is revolutionized by recent developments of diverse high-throughput technologies for transcriptome-wide profiling of molecular RNA structures. RNA structurome profiling data can be used to identify differentially structured regions between groups of samples. Existing methods are limited in scope to specific technologies and/or do not account for biological variation. Here, we present dStruct which is the first broadly applicable method for differential analysis accounting for biological variation in structurome profiling data. dStruct is compatible with diverse profiling technologies, is validated with experimental data and simulations, and outperforms existing methods.
Ultrasound: Case Histories of Significant Medical Advances

We describe how efforts on multiple fronts, including advocacy, training and technological development made ultrasound the second most commonly used diagnostic imaging technology (after X-rays). Specifically, we chronicle: 1) ultrasound’s development and introduction in the 1950s and 1960s; 2) widespread adoption in the 1970s; and 3) innovations that sustained growth in the 1980s and 1990s.
Upregulation of Systemic Inflammatory Pathways Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Relates to Both Cartilage and Muscular Changes: A Pilot Study

In conjunction with cartilage breakdown, muscle maladaptation including atrophy and increased fibrosis have been observed in the quadriceps following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Previously observed upregulated muscle-related proteins in the synovial fluid following ACL rupture allude to cellular communication between the joint and muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine whether muscle-related analytes are differentially expressed in the serum. Sixteen patients with an acute ACL tear participated in this IRB-approved study. Serum was obtained at two different time points at a mean of 6 and 14 days post-injury, and serum was analyzed by a highly multiplexed assay of 1,300 proteins. Pathway analysis using DAVID was performed; genes included met three criteria: significant change between the two study time points using a paired t test, significant change between the two study time points using a Mann-Whitney non-parametric test, and significant Benjamini post hoc analysis. Twelve analytes significantly increased between time points. Proteins chitinase-3-like protein 1 (p = 0.01), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 (p = 0.01), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (p = 0.02), renin (p = 0.004), and lymphotoxin alpha 1: beta 2 (p = 0.03) were significantly upregulated in serum following acute ACL injury. The current results confirm the inflammatory pattern previously seen in the synovial fluid thought to play a role in the progression of post-traumatic osteoarthritis after ACL injury, and this data also provides further insights into important communication between the joint and quadriceps group, whose function is important in long term health. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 38:387-392, 2020.
Immigrant and Minority Homeownership Experience: Evidence from the 2009 American Housing Survey

Using the 2009 American Housing Survey data and hazard model of homeownership and exit from homeownership, this paper finds that immigrants were worse off during the housing boom of 2000 compared to natives, both in terms of lower first homeownership and higher exit from homeownership. However, naturalized immigrants fared better than the non-naturalized immigrants. Among minorities, blacks had the lowest gain in their first homeownership during the boom and the highest loss from homeownership during the bust and the hazard of exit from homeownership was significantly higher compared to whites if the mortgage was obtained during 2001–2003. Hispanics, on the other hand, did not experience significant increase in homeownership nor did they face a higher exit from homeownership during the recent bust compared to whites. However, Hispanic immigrants were worse off in the recent housing market than Hispanic natives.
Mitochondrial pyruvate carrier is required for optimal brown fat thermogenesis

Abstract Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is composed of thermogenic cells that convert chemical energy into heat to help maintain a constant body temperature and counteract metabolic disease in mammals. The metabolic adaptations required for thermogenesis are not fully understood. Here we explore how steady state levels of metabolic intermediates are altered in brown adipose tissue in response to cold exposure. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed changes in pathways involved in amino acid, glucose, and TCA cycle metabolism. Using isotopic labeling experiments, we found that activated brown adipocytes increased labeling of pyruvate and TCA cycle intermediates from U13C-glucose. Although glucose oxidation has been implicated as being essential for thermogenesis, its requirement for efficient thermogenesis has not been directly tested. Here we show that mitochondrial pyruvate uptake is essential for optimal thermogenesis, as conditional deletion of Mpc1 in brown adipocytes leads to impaired cold adaptation. Isotopic labeling experiments using U13C-glucose showed that loss of MPC1 led to impaired labeling of TCA cycle intermediates, while labeling of glycolytic intermediates was unchanged. Loss of MPC1 in BAT increased 3-hydroxybutyrate levels in blood and BAT in response to the cold, suggesting that ketogenesis provides an alternative fuel source that partially compensates for impaired mitochondrial oxidation of cytosolic pyruvate. Collectively, these studies highlight that complete glucose oxidation is essential for optimal brown fat thermogenesis.
Is Anomalous Production of Ω and Ω ¯ Evidence for Disoriented Chiral Condensates?

No conventional picture of nucleus-nucleus collisions has yet been able to explain the abundance of $\ensuremath{\Omega}$ and $\overline{\ensuremath{\Omega}}$ hadrons in central collisions between Pb nuclei at $158A\mathrm{GeV}$ at the CERN SPS. We argue that this is evidence that they are produced as topological defects arising from the formation of disoriented chiral condensates with an average domain size of about 2 fm.
Estimating exposure to traffic-related PM2.5 for women commuters using vehicle and personal monitoring

Abstract Exposure to traffic-related fine particulate matter air pollution (tr-PM2.5) has been associated with adverse health outcomes including preterm birth and low birthweight. In-vehicle exposure to tr-PM2.5 can contribute substantially to total tr-PM2.5 exposure. Because average commuting habits of women differ from men, a research gap is estimating in-vehicle tr-PM2.5 exposures for women commuters. For 46 women commuters in the Washington, D.C. metro area, we measured personal exposure to PM2.5 during all vehicle trips taken in a 48-h sampling period. We also measured 48-h integrated PM2.5 chemical constituents including black carbon and zinc. We identified trip times using vehicle monitors, specifically on-board diagnostics data loggers and dashboard cameras. For 386 trips, we estimated associations between PM2.5 exposure and trip characteristics using linear mixed models accounting for participant, day, and time of day. Additionally, we estimated associations between rush hour trip PM2.5 and 48-h integrated PM2.5 chemical constituents using linear models. Exposure to PM2.5 during trips was 1.9 μ g/m3 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.9, 2.9) higher than non-trip exposures and rush hour trip exposures were 3.2 μ g/m3 (95% CI: 1.8, 4.6) higher than non-trip exposures on average. We did not find differences in PM2.5 exposure by trip length. Although concentrations of tr-PM2.5 chemical constituents were generally positively associated with rush hour trip PM2.5, associations were weak indicating that other settings contribute to total tr-PM2.5 exposure. Our study demonstrates the utility of combining vehicle monitors and personal PM2.5 monitors for estimating personal exposure to tr-PM2.5. Future work will investigate whether additional data collected by vehicle monitors, such as traffic and speed, can be leveraged to better understand tr-PM2.5 exposure among commuters.
Application of flurbiprofen preemptive analgesia combined with intravenous propofol anesthesia in outpatient hysteroscopy

Objective To investigate the effect of flurbiprofen preemptive analgesia combined with intravenous propofol anesthesia in outpatient hysteroscopy.Methods 40 women (ASA class Ⅰ) undergoing hysteroscopy were randomly divided into propofol group(P group)and flurbiprofen group (F group).All groups had intravenous induction with 2 mg/kg propofo1 and maintained with 6-8 mg/kg/h propofol.In F group,the patients were given 50 mg flurbiprofen 10 min before the operation.The eyelash reflex vanished time,recovery time,autositted time and adverse effect were recorded.Results The auto-sitted time was shorter in F group than that in P group.F group had lower incidence of nausea than P group,but had higher incidence of dizziness than P group.Conclusion Flurbiprofen preemptive analgesia combined with intravenous propofol have good recovery and can reduce the visiting hospital time of patients in hysteroscopy. Key words: Flurbiprofen; Pre-emptive; Hysteroscopy
Changes in prostate symptoms and quality of life in patients with symptomatic benign prostate hyperplasia before and after transurethral resection of the prostate

Objective To investigate changes in symptoms and quality of life (QOL) score before and after transurethral resection of the prostate ( TURP), and their related factors. Methods Forty-seven elderly male patients of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) with lower urinary tract symptoms were enrolled in the study, with an average age of 72 years. They all were undergone with TURP and evaluated with international prostate symptoms score (IPSS), QOL score, maximal urine flow rate (Qmax), residual urine volume, pressure-urine flow rate and prostate size before and after the procedure. Changes in these parameters and their related factors were analyzed. Results No complication was observed during TURP in the 47 patients. After TURP, two patients suffered from distal urethra stricture, one from retrograde ejaculation and six from aggravated urgent incontinence, and symptoms relieved with symptomatic treatment in all of them. Significant difference in overall IPSS, irritant score and obstructive score pre- and post-operation was observed P ＜ 0.01, i. e. , 22.7 ±4.9 and 10.5 ± 5.8, 10.5 ± 5.8 and 6.3 ± 3.5, and 12.1± 3.9 and 4.2 ± 3.3, respectively. QOL score was 4.6 ± 0.9 and 2.3 ± 1.3, Qmax (5.8 ± 2.9 ) ml/s and (12.4 ±5.2) ml/s and residual urine volume (99 ± 16) ml and (34 ± 19) ml pre- and post-operation,respectively ( all P ＜ 0.01 ). Follow-up time after the procedure, prostate volume and bladder volume at urgent urination desire all correlated with post-operation IPSS ( r = 0.751, P ＜ 0.05 ), and follow-up time after the procedure and age also significant correlated with post-operation QOL score (r = 0.470, P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Overall IPSS, irritant score, obstructive score and QOL score improved significantly after TURP in symptomatic BPH patients, probably by varied related factors. Key words: Lower urinary tract symptoms; Transurethral resection of prostate; Quality of life
Multi-organism gastrointestinal polymerase chain reaction positivity among pediatric transplant vs non-transplant populations: A single-center experience.

BACKGROUND Diarrhea is a common problem in the pediatric post-solid organ transplant and post-hematopoietic stem cell transplant populations. Infectious etiology incidences are poorly defined, and the possibility of multi-organism positivity is often uninvestigated. The aim of this study is to utilize stool multiplex GIP assays to compare the PTP and NTP regarding the incidence and profiles of single-organism and multi-organism infectious diarrhea. METHODS A single-center retrospective review was conducted, investigating stool multiplex GIP panel results over a more than 3-year period, for pediatric patients. Assays test for 23 viral, bacterial, and protozoal organisms. RESULTS Positive assays in the PTP and NTP were 70/101 (69.3%) and 962/1716 (56.1%), respectively (P = .009). Thirty-two percent (32/101) of assays within the PTP were multi-organism positive, significantly more than 14.8% (254/1716) in the NTP (P < .00001). There was no significant difference in the incidence of single-organism positives, 37.6% (38/101) in PTP and 41.3% (708/1716) in the NTP. The PTP demonstrated a statistically significantly higher incidence of the following organisms within multi-agent positive GIPs (P < .05 for each): Clostridioides difficile, Cryptosporidium, EPEC, norovirus, and sapovirus. CONCLUSIONS The pediatric PTP demonstrates higher incidence of positive GIPs, higher rate of multi-organism positivity, and unique infectious organism incidence profiles. These data can provide a framework for understanding organism-specific pathogenicity factors, assessing the clinical impact of enteric co-infection, and understanding the utility of this testing modality in this unique population.
Abstract IA04: Targeting RAS for anticancer therapy

RAS is the most frequently activated oncoprotein in human cancer. Mutations in KRAS are prevalent in pancreatic, colon, and lung cancer. Despite the need for anti-RAS therapies, there are no clinically successful targeted therapies for RAS. We will present efforts to characterize KRAS G12C covalent inhibitors and compounds that bind to the KRAS P1 pocket. In addition, the Clark lab (U. of Louisville) has identified novel small molecules that bind and directly inhibit RAS function. Uniquely, the current lead compound binds preferentially to the activated form of RAS. It blocks the interaction of RAS with downstream effectors and suppresses the transforming activity of RAS in soft agar assays. The best compounds give an IC50 of ~500 nM in vitro. The inhibitor is active in vivo and suppresses growth of RAS-driven xenografts in NRG mice. There is no detectable toxicity. We have initiated efforts to solve the structure of these inhibitors in complex with RAS, to characterize the nucleotide dependence as well as inhibition of RAS interactions with regulatory and effector proteins in vitro using X-ray crystallography in combination with NMR, biochemical, and bioactivity assays. Results from these analyses will aid in elucidating the specificity and the mechanism of action needed to optimize the inhibitors and facilitate development into a drug candidate. Citation Format: Sharon Campbell, Leiah Carey, Ajit Prakash, Geoff Clark, Sarah Scarry, Jeff Aube. Targeting RAS for anticancer therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Targeting RAS-Driven Cancers; 2018 Dec 9-12; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(5_Suppl):Abstract nr IA04.
TARDIS: Rolling Back The Clock On CMS-Targeting Cyber Attacks

Over 55% of the world’s websites run on Content Management Systems (CMS). Unfortunately, this huge user population has made CMS-based websites a high-profile target for hackers. Worse still, the vast majority of the website hosting industry has shifted to a "backup and restore" model of security, which relies on error-prone AV scanners to prompt users to roll back to a pre-infection nightly snapshot. This research had the opportunity to study these nightly backups for over 300,000 unique production websites. In doing so, we measured the attack landscape of CMS-based websites and assessed the effectiveness of the backup and restore protection scheme. To our surprise, we found that the evolution of tens of thousands of attacks exhibited clear long-lived multi-stage attack patterns. We now propose TARDIS, an automated provenance inference technique, which enables the investigation and remediation of CMS-targeting attacks based on only the nightly backups already being collected by website hosting companies. With the help of our industry collaborator, we applied TARDIS to the nightly backups of those 300K websites and found 20,591 attacks which lasted from 6 to 1,694 days, some of which were still yet to be detected.
Postharvest use of natamycin to control Alternaria rot on blueberry fruit caused by Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens

Abstract Alternaria rot caused by Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens is a major postharvest disease affecting blueberries in California. The effectiveness of natamycin, a newly registered biofungicide in the United States, was evaluated for its potential as a postharvest treatment to control Alternaria rot. The baseline sensitivities to natamycin in A. alternata and A. arborescens were established. The effective concentrations of natamycin for 50 % reduction in growth relative to control (EC50) of 34 A. alternata isolates ranged from 0.640 to 1.032 mg L−1 with a mean of 0.778 ± 0.097 mg L−1 for conidial germination, and from 2.660 to 4.330 mg L−1 with a mean of 3.390 ± 0.435 mg L−1 for mycelial growth. EC50 values of natamycin for 34 A. arborescens isolates ranged from 0.540 to 1.335 mg L−1 with a mean of 0.950 ± 0.162 mg L−1 for conidial germination, and from 0.610 to 3.430 mg L−1 with a mean of 1.920 ± 0.637 mg L−1 for mycelial growth. For A. alternata isolates, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for conidial germination were 5 mg L−1 for 27 isolates and 10 mg L−1 for 7 isolates, and the MICs for mycelial growth were 25 mg L−1 for all 34 isolates. For A. arborescens isolates, the MICs for conidial germination were 10 mg L−1 for 5 isolates and more than 10 mg L−1 for 29 isolates, and the MICs for mycelial growth were 10 mg L−1 for 6 isolates and 25 mg L−1 for 28 isolates. Control tests on blueberry fruit inoculated with four isolates of each Alternaria alternata and A. arborescens showed that even a quarter concentration of the label rate of natamycin significantly reduced disease incidence and severity of Alternaria rot, regardless of application method or incubation condition. Our results suggest that natamycin can be an effective tool for control of postharvest Alternaria rot in blueberry.
Spatial models in marketing research and practice: Research Articles

Spatial models formalize how cross-sectional observations relate to each other as a function of their spatial location. This paper discusses the generality of such models and how they are helpful to marketing practitioners in the description of marketing data, segmentation of markets, prediction of market behaviour, and the pooling of data. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vitamin E: necessary nutrient for neural development and cognitive function.

Vitamin E, discovered in 1922, is essential for pregnant rats to carry their babies to term. However, 100 years later, the molecular mechanisms for the vitamin E requirement during embryogenesis remain unknown. Vitamin E's role during pregnancy has been difficult to study and thus, a vitamin E-deficient (E–) zebrafish embryo model was developed. Vitamin E deficiency in zebrafish embryos initiates lipid peroxidation, depletes a specific phospholipid (DHA-phosphatidyl choline), causes secondary deficiencies of choline, betaine and critical thiols (such as glutathione), and dysregulates energy metabolism. Vitamin E deficiency not only distorts the carefully programmed development of the nervous system, but it leads to defects in several developing organs. Both the α-tocopherol transfer protein and vitamin E are necessary for embryonic development, neurogenesis and cognition in this model and likely in human embryos. Elucidation of the control mechanisms for the cellular and metabolic pathways involved in the molecular dysregulation caused by vitamin E deficiency will lead to important insights into abnormal neurogenesis and embryonic malformations.
A Participatory Approach for Balancing Accuracy and Complexity in Modeling Resilience and Robustness.

Robustness and resilience are widely used in the biological sciences and related disciplines to describe how systems respond to change. Robustness is the ability to tolerate change without adapting or moving to another state. Resilience refers to the ability for a system to sustain a perturbation and maintain critical functions. Robustness and resilience transcend levels of biological organization, though they do not scale directly across levels. We live in an era of novel stressors and unprecedented change, including climate change, emerging environmental contaminants, and changes to earth's biogeochemical and hydrological cycles. We envision a common framework for developing models to predict the robustness and resilience of biological functions associated with complex systems that can transcend disciplinary boundaries. Conceptual and quantitative models of robustness and resilience must consider cross-scale interactions of potentially infinite complexity, but it is impossible to capture everything within a single model. Here, we discuss the need to balance accuracy and complexity when designing models, data collection, and downstream analyses to study robustness and resilience. We also consider the difficulties in defining the spatiotemporal domain when studying robustness and resilience as an emergent property of a complex system. We suggest a framework for implementing transdisciplinary research on robustness and resilience of biological systems that draws on participatory stakeholder engagement methods from the fields of conservation and natural resources management. Further, we suggest that a common, simplified model development framework for describing complex biological systems will provide new, broadly relevant educational tools. Efficient interdisciplinary collaboration to accurately develop a model of robustness and resilience would enable rapid, context-specific assessment of complex biological systems with benefits for a broad range of societally relevant problems.
Development and Pilot Implementation of a Remote Monitoring System for Acute Toxicity Using Electronic Patient-Reported Outcomes for Patients Undergoing Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer.

Purpose We aimed to develop and study the implementation of a remote system for toxicity assessment and management of acute side effects of breast radiation using electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs). Methods and Materials A response-adapted Patient-Reported Outcomes Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events–based assessment for breast radiation toxicity was administered weekly during and for 8 weeks after radiation from June 2019 to July 2020. The care team received alerts when “severe” symptoms were reported by patients, who were then contacted. Treatment, clinic, and sociodemographic characteristics were abstracted from patient records. A subsample of patients and care team members was qualitatively interviewed at follow-up. Results Overall, 5787 assessments were sent to 678 patients, of whom 489 (72%) completed 2607 assessments (45%). Moderate or greater toxicity was reported by 419 responders (86%; 95% CI, 82%-89%). Clinician alerts for severe toxicity were generated for 264 assessments among 139 unique patients, of which 83% occurred posttreatment. The proportion of surveys that prompted an alert was significantly higher after treatment (219 [13%]) than during treatment (45 [5%]) (P Conclusions With the majority of toxicity occurring after breast radiation has ended, remote symptom monitoring with ePROs appears to fill a gap in clinical practice, particularly for patients undergoing shorter courses of radiation. It is important to properly onboard patients and explain that the purpose of ePROs is to aid clinical care. Further research is needed to determine whether the costs associated with ePROs can be offset by reducing routine clinic visits and whether this approach is acceptable and appropriate.
Mind Monitoring via Mobile Brain-Body Imaging

Current brain-computer interface (BCI) research attempts to estimate intended operator body or cursor movements from his/her electroencephalographic (EEG) activity alone. More general methods of monitoring operator cognitive state, intentions, motivations, and reactions to events might be based on continuous monitoring of the operator's (EEG) as well as his of her body and eye movements and, to the extent possible, her or his multisensory input. Joint modeling of this data should attempt to identify individualized modes of brain/body activity and/or reactivity that appear in the operator's brain and/or behavior in distinct cognitive contexts, if successful producing, in effect, a new mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) modality. Robust MoBI could allow development of new brain/body-system interface (BBI) designs performing multidimensional monitoring of an operator's changing cognitive state including their movement intentions and motivations and (`top-down') apprehension of sensory events.
Sclerostin inhibition: a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of osteoporosis

Osteoporosis and osteoporosis-related fractures are growing problems with the aging population and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. At this time, other than parathyroid hormone analogs, all therapies for osteoporosis are antiresorptive. Therefore, researchers have focused efforts on development of more anabolic therapies. Understanding of the Wnt signaling pathway, which is critical for skeletal development, and the role of sclerostin in inhibition of Wnt signaling has led to the discovery of a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of osteoporosis - sclerostin inhibition. In this review, we discuss the biology of Wnt signaling and sclerostin inhibition. We then discuss human disorders of decreased sclerostin function and animal models of sclerostin inhibition. Both have served to elucidate the effects of decreased sclerostin levels and function - increased bone mass and strength and fewer fractures. In addition, we review data from Phase I and II studies of the two humanized sclerostin monoclonal antibodies, romosozumab and blosozumab, both of which have had positive effects on bone mineral density. We conclude with a discussion of the ongoing Phase III studies of romosozumab. The available data support the potential for neutralizing sclerostin monoclonal antibodies to serve as anabolic agents in the treatment of osteoporosis.
Risk Analysis for U.S. Offshore Wind Farms: The Need for an Integrated Approach

This article presents the case for an integrated approach to risk analysis for U.S. offshore wind farms, an energy resource that is quickly gaining importance. The authors review the benefits and challenges from wind farms, discussing greenhouse gas emissions, contaminants, and other environmental impacts. The authors then turn their attention to the hazards that a wind farm itself may face after it has been built; they stress that managing these hazards is vital to various efforts to use clean energy sources, including wind. They argue that an integrated framework is needed for wind farm management, and provide a preliminary beginning point for such a framework. The framework, based on a Bayesian belief network (BBN), can be used to estimate energy output, costs, and revenues for a given wind farm. The framework is designed to be used to envision a single event or the interactions of multiple situations. The authors conclude by reiterating that their intention is to highlight the issues and spur additional research about the risks TO wind farms to counterbalance the substantial amount of on-going research on the risks FROM wind farms.
Differences in family of origin functioning among graduate students of different disciplines

Compared the degree of dysfunction in the family of origin of psychology graduate students to that of graduate students in the disciplines of business, education, engineering, and health sciences. Students were accessed through University of Alaska Anchorage graduate departments. Family background was assessed with the Index of Family Relations (IFR; Hudson, 1990a), the Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI; Beavers, Hampson, & Hulgus, 1990), and relevant demographics obtained from a biographical questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences among the student groups; psychology graduate students demonstrated higher degrees of family dysfunction than students in other disciplines. Implications of these findings for psychology graduate training programs are discussed.
BOUNDARY CONDITIONS FOR PERIODIC FLOW FIELDS

The problem of formulation of appropriate boundary conditions for periodic flow fields is investigated. Sufficient conditions are established for the uniqueness of solutions for the creeping flow of Newtonian fluids through periodically constricted tubes. A perturbation solution is developed for the Newtonian periodic flow problem for an arbitrary boundary shape with sufficiently small axial variations in tube radius. The nonuniqueness of solutions to periodic flow problems when an insufficient number of periodic boundary conditions are imposed is illustrated.
Displaying clinical data from a time-oriented database

This paper details the principles and implementation of a time-oriented clinical database and a program for displaying data on individual patients as graphs, line drawings of episodes and scatter diagrams. The article presents efficient data structures for storage of graphs in which plots of multiple variables are overlayed. The display program permits plotting of patient data either by visit or by time, telescoping of the time axis, and changing of the display size. Line drawings of concurrent clinical episodes may be aligned beneath the graphs. No special graphics equipment is required. Issues of data representation, transformation, and display layout are discussed.
Corticotrophin-releasing factor, vasopressin and pro-opiomelanocortin mRNA responses to stress and opiates in the rat.

1. Rats underwent either: (1) acute or chronic morphine or naloxone administration; (2) simple morphine withdrawal or naloxone-precipitated withdrawal in morphine-dependent animals; or (3) stress from I.P. administration of hypertonic saline. 2. Quantitative in situ hybridization histochemistry was performed using synthetic oligonucleotide probes for corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF), vasopressin, pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), dynorphin, enkephalin and oxytocin mRNAs. The paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei were examined in all studies and the arcuate nucleus and pituitary gland in the acute withdrawal study. 3. Neither acute nor chronic morphine administration altered either (a) hypothalamic parvocellular or magnocellular CRF mRNA, or (b) anterior pituitary or pars intermedia POMC mRNA. 4. Naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal resulted in a marked increase in parvocellular (but not magnocellular) CRF mRNA within 4 h and levels remained elevated through 24 h. There was no change in arcuate nucleus or pars intermedia POMC mRNA, but in the anterior pituitary there was a delayed increase, significant at 24 h. 5. Simple morphine withdrawal without the use of naloxone did not result in any change in CRF mRNA but there were increases in magnocellular vasopressin and dynorphin mRNA, presumably related to decreased water intake. 6. Intraperitoneal hypertonic saline stress also resulted in a marked accumulation of both parvocellular CRF and vasopressin mRNA without any concomitant change in magnocellular vasopressin mRNA. Increased translation of CRF mRNA was also evidenced by increased immunoreactive CRF detected by immunocytochemistry.
The importance of short-term memory (STM) development for development of acquisition

The sequence length presented to different age groups varied according to the number of items which could be maintained in STM. Unknown to the children, across trials one repeated sequence (RS) reoccurred among nonrepeated sequences (NRS). The results indicated that (a) NRS recall of all ages did not change across trials, (b) RS acquisition was similar for all ages, and (c) NRS and RS recall were positively correlated. Although previous results indicate that acquisition of older children is more rapid than younger children when the same number of items are presented, the present results indicate that acquisition of various ages is similar when STM differences are taken into consideration. These results suggest that STM development can account for development of acquisition.
Angle dependant scattering by dielectric nanostructures for light management in thin film photovoltaics

Optical scattering properties of nanoporous anodized aluminum oxide films are investigated and applied to improving absorption in thin film photovoltaics. Angle dependent scattering properties improve performance in semitransparent systems and could reduce solar tracking dependence.