cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Uneven incorporation: Volumetric transitions in peri-urban China's conservation zones

Abstract A central feature of China's “green” development plan has been the creation of conservation zones across the peri-urban fringes of major cities. In these conservation zones, rural land and housing are being unevenly incorporated into urban space, leading to a diverse set of experiences for dislocated villagers. In this paper, I develop a volumetric approach to analyze the spatial politics of agricultural and urban transitions in China's conservation zones. I advance theories of vertical and volumetric space, which consider relations across heights, depths, and surfaces, through attention to the temporalities and everyday experiences of volumes. My volumetric approach provides a foundation for delineating how the uneven valuation and compensation of rural land and housing shapes social differentiation, as well as how villagers navigate and experience rural-urban transitions. Furthermore, I argue that a volumetric account of three-dimensional space exposes the interconnections between agrarian and urban questions, which are usually considered discretely. The central contribution of this paper, therefore, is to reorient the agrarian and urban questions in relation to one another across horizontal, vertical, and temporal axes.
Identifying regional soil as the potential source of PM2.5 particulate matter on air filters collected in Imperial Valley, California – A Raman micro-spectroscopy study

Abstract This work explores the use of Raman micro-spectroscopy to determine sources of airborne particulate matter collected on PM2.5 air filters in Imperial Valley, California. The goal is to examine if nearby soil is a potential source of particles sampled on air filters deployed in an urbanized desert area during events of unusually high PM2.5 excursions. Particle specific composition information can be an indicator of potential origin. This can provide insights into the source of unexpectedly high proportion of large particles sampled on PM2.5 filters in the vicinity of Imperial Valley. The measured spectral correspondence between the filter and soil particles, in the size range of 2.5–10 μm, is consistent with windblown dust being a likely source of the larger (>2.5 μm) particles collected on the PM2.5 filters. Additionally, these particles were identified as components of commonly occurring crustal minerals in the vicinity of the sampling site, such as iron oxides, hydroxides, sulfides, titanium dioxides and aluminosilicates. A substantial portion of the analyzed filter particles displayed a strong broadband fluorescence signal, which is consistent with the presence of organic matter and has been recognized as a marker for soil related origin of the filter particles. Elemental carbon (soot) was found to be prevalent among the particles as well, suggesting the existence of combustion related sources. Comparison between a heavily loaded filter sample and a filter with a more typical, lower loading did not show any obvious difference in chemical compositions. In both cases the particles appeared to be of crustal origin with the prevalence of elemental carbon. The primary difference between these two filter samples appear to be their particle size distribution - the heavily loaded filter sample contained greater proportion of large particles (>2.5 μm), and was more consistent with spectral signature of soils analyzed from the region.
The older alcoholic: recognizing the subtle clinical clues.

Alcoholism is a common disease in older patients, affecting up to 10% of those living at home and as many as 40% of those in nursing homes. Symptoms tend to be nonspecific, including "failure to thrive," insomnia, diarrhea, and dementia. Morbidity and increased mortality can occur with no more than one or two drinks daily, because of altered pharmacokinetics with aging. Recognizing alcohol-induced brain injury, which can resemble Alzheimer's disease, is particularly important in the management of older patients. Withdrawal is more severe and prolonged than in younger patients and may require the judicious use of benzodiazepine therapy. Language: en
Asymmetric stokes flow past a spherical cap

Ranger's solution of the asymmetric streating Stokes' flow past a spherical cap is analyzed in detail. It is found that most caps exhibit wakes within their concavities, but the dividing streamsurface does not always emanate from the rim. Drag and torque formulae valid for all cap angles are derived and these are in agreement with the known results in the limiting cases when the cap becomes a sphere and a circular disc.
Evaluating the impact of international airline suspensions on COVID-19 direct importation risk

Global airline networks play a key role in the global importation of emerging infectious diseases. Detailed information on air traffic between international airports has been demonstrated to be useful in retrospectively validating and prospectively predicting case emergence in other countries. In this paper, we use a well-established metric known as effective distance on the global air traffic data from IATA to quantify risk of emergence for different countries as a consequence of direct importation from China, and compare it against arrival times for the first 24 countries. Using this model trained on official first reports from WHO, we estimate time of arrival (ToA) for all other countries. We then incorporate data on airline suspensions to recompute the effective distance and assess the effect of such cancellations in delaying the estimated arrival time for all other countries. Finally we use the infectious disease vulnerability indices to explain some of the estimated reporting delays.
Abstract P349: Association of Lower Fasting Glucose and Visit-to-visit Glucose Variability With Cognitive Performance: The Multi-ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis

Background: Diabetes is a well-known risk factor for dementia. Despite emerging evidence that higher glucose variability is associated with cognitive decline and hypoglycemia is associated with inc...
Electrochemical Reactivity under Confinement Enabled by Molecularly Pillared 2D and Layered Materials

This perspective presents an overview of how confinement can be used to tune electrochemical reactivity and the concept of using molecularly pillared 2D and layered materials to experimentally stud...
Cervical Cancer Incidence and Mortality among Non-Hispanic African American and White Women, United States, 1999-2015

Abstract Background Cervical cancer, a preventable cancer, has disproportionately affected African American women. To better understand the burden of cervical cancer, we assessed incidence and mortality rates and analyzed trends among non-Hispanic (NH) African American and White women in the US from 1999 to 2015. Methods From age-adjusted cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates, rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated for comparison between the two races. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression and expressed as annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Results Cervical cancer incidence rates were significantly higher (RR: 1.46; 95% CI: 1.44, 1.47) among NH African Americans (10.8 per 100,000 females) than NH Whites (7.4 per 100,000 females). Similarly, mortality rates were significantly higher (RR: 2.05; 95% CI: 2.01, 2.09) in NH African Americans (4.4 per 100,000 females) compared to NH Whites (2.1 per 100,000 females). From 1999 to 2015, overall incidence and mortality trends decreased significantly for both races. Mortality rates steadily increased with age for both races, and incidence rates only increased with age in NH African American women. Conclusion NH African American women had significantly higher cervical cancer incidence and mortality rates than NH Whites. Even as incidence and mortality trends declined significantly, older NH African Americans had three times the rate of cervical cancer than NH Whites. Prevention and treatment programs need to be enhanced for African Americans as failure to do so may widen cancer disparities.
Vorgehen zur Erstellung einer Digitalisierungsroadmap für das Supply-Chain-Management

Kurzfassung Der Trend zur Reduzierung der Fertigungstiefe und die Konzentration auf die eigenen Kernkompetenzen verstarken die Bedeutung von langfristigen Partnerschaften zwischen produzierenden Un...
‘Attempting to deal with the past’: historical inquiries, legacy prosecutions, and Operation Banner

Over the summer of 2019 a number of maroon banners appeared across towns and cities in Northern Ireland, declaring that the local population ‘stands with Soldier F’. Soldier F was a member of the P...
The Uncertain Wage - Effort Hypothesis and Wage Secrecy

In this paper, we introduce uncertainty into Akerlof and Yellen (1990)’s fair wage effort hypothesis. In this uncertain fair wage hypothesis, employers do not have perfect information concerning an employee’s perception of a fair wage, but assume the perceived fair wage is distributed as a random variable with a known distribution. Our wage model, built on this hypothesis, can be applied to analyze the widely adopted policy of wage secrecy.
A prolactin-dependent sexually dimorphic mechanism of migraine chronification.

ObjectiveDetermination of possible sex differences in mechanisms promoting migraine progression and the contribution of prolactin and the prolactin long (PRLR-L) and short (PRLR-S) receptor isoform...
The effects of ACRT on melt undercooling during the growth of CZT via the traveling heater method: Ekman versus Taylor-Görtler flows

Abstract For the first time, a comprehensive model for the traveling heater method, including detailed species transport and phase-change thermodynamics, is applied to understand the effects of accelerated crucible rotation (ACRT) on the growth of cadmium zinc telluride. A rotation schedule that is designed from classical considerations does not completely mix the melt, rather undercooled regions of localized melt are swept periodically across the growth interface. Even without melt homogenization, these ACRT-driven flows disrupt the persistent undercooling that occurs during THM growth without rotation. An ACRT schedule designed to promote Ekman flows results in lower levels of melt undercooling than a schedule designed to promote Taylor-Gortler flows and greater mixing.
Machine learning for knowledge transfer across multiple metals additive manufacturing printers

Abstract Adopting new metals 3D printers introduces time and cost obstacles to printing parts with the same quality as was attained on existing printers. A large number of trial-and-error experiments or computationally intense simulations for property prediction and process optimization are often required. However, machine learning (ML) promises the ability to accelerate the adoption of new printing technologies. Specifically, it should enable transfer to the new printer prior knowledge built up from existing data, resulting in a data-informed starting point that is closer than would be possible without the statistics-based model. To enable the reuse of previously acquired knowledge, this study proposes a data-mining-assisted ML knowledge transfer framework. Bayesian models are found to more effectively model process-property relations and outperform support vector machine and logistic regression models. This framework is verified through 3 “industry-use” inspired scenarios for laser powder bed fusion of Ti-6Al-4V: 1) adopting a new model of printer from the same manufacturer that uses similar technology, 2) adopting a new model of printer from a different manufacturer that uses similar technology, and 3) adopting a new model of printer from a new manufacturer that uses different technology. The multi-property optimization experiments demonstrate the feasibility of cross-machine knowledge transfer to accelerate the adoption of new metals AM printing technologies.
New methodology for measuring semantic functional similarity based on bidirectional integration

1.2 billion users in Facebook, 17 million articles in Wikipedia, and 190 million tweets per day have demanded significant increase of information processing through Internet in recent years. Similarly life sciences and bioinformatics also have faced issues of processing Big data due to the explosion of publicly available genomic information resulted from the Human Genome Project (HGP) and the increasing usage of high throughput technology. HGP was completed in 2003 and resulted in identifying 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA and determining the sequences of three billion human base pairs. The information requires huge amount of data storage and becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications. This thesis introduces new method, Biological and Statistical Mean (BSM) score to calculate functional similarity between gene products (GPs) that can help to extract biologically relevant and statistically robust information from large-scale biomedical, genomic and proteomic data sources. BSM score is defined by 16 different scoring matrices derived from principles of multi-view learning in machine learning algorithm and five different databases including Gene Ontology, UniProt, SCOP, CATH, and KUPS. The proposed method also shows how diverse databases and principles in machine learning theory can be integrated into a simple scoring function, and how the simple concept can give significant impact on the studies in biomedical and human life sciences. The comprehensive evaluations and performance comparisons with other conventional methods show that BSM score clearly outperforms other methods in terms of sensitivity of clustering similarity functional groups and coverage of identifying related genes. As a part of potential applications handling large amount of diverse data sources in medical domain, this thesis introduces similarity-based drug target identification and disease networks using BSM scores. Application of BSM score is freely available through http://www.ittc.ku.edu/chenlab/goal/
Teaching defensive programming in Java

Teaching the need and methods of producing secure and reliable code is one of the challenges of teaching programming in an academic setting. Some programming languages like Ada are designed to protect programs from common program deficiencies. Other languages like Java are more trusting and rely on the programmer to bullet-proof his/her own code. This article discusses issues that should be addressed through programming style and coding guidelines. Students applying these guidelines produce more reliable programs and learn good programming practices. Programming standards are not a novel concept but one that bears revisiting in light of languages like Java.
Anytime clausal reasoning

Given any incomplete clausal propositional reasoner satisfying certain properties, we extend it to a family of increasinglydcomplete, sound, and tractable reasoners. Our technique for generating these reasoners is based on restricting the length of the clauses used in chaining (Modus Ponens). Such a family of reasoners constitutes an anytime reasoner, since each propositional theory has a complete reasoner in the family. We provide an alternative characterization, based on a fixeddpoint construction, of the reasoners in our anytime families. This fixeddpoint characterization is then used to define a transformation of propositional theories into logically equivalent theories for which the base reasoner is completes such theories are called “vivid”. Developing appropriate notions of vividness and techniques for compiling theories into vivid theories has already generated considerable interest in the KR community. We illustrate our approach by developing an anytime family based on Boolean constraint propagation.
Supporting Argument 2

Of all the fields to be reviewed, archaeology comes closest to my topic. Much of the more recent work reads almost like EBS (e.g., Binford 1981; Hodder 1982a; Kent 1984). This is because it is essentially history but by the nature of the evidence approaches it through material culture. In most cases, particularly in prehistory, material culture is all it can study. Thus, although it shares with history a concern with the past, chronology, and change, it is inevitably preoccupied with material culture (Hodder 1982b). In fact, of all the social sciences other than EBS it is the most sensitive to the important role of material culture in human behavior. It has also been described both as a bridge between the arts and sciences and as seeking knowledge in both humanistic and scientific ways.
Gastric metastasis of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare cause of gastrointestinal bleeding: case report and review of the literature

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a highly aggressive cutaneous tumor of neuroendocrine origin. It is usually seen in elderly Caucasian males and occurs in sun exposed areas of the body. Diagnosis of MCC can be challenging and requires confirmation by immunohistochemical studies. It has an aggressive biological behavior with early local and distant metastasis and carries a dismal prognosis. However, metastasis of MCC to the stomach is very uncommon and rarely reported in the literature. We hereby describe a patient with gastric metastasis of MCC, who presented with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding.
Politics and an Innate Moral Sense Scientific Evidence for an Old Theory

Part of a symposium arguing for increased interdisciplinary conversations, this article suggests how political scientists can benefit from recent scientific work in child development, evolutionary biology, behavioral economics, primatology, and linguistics. All offer empirical evidence suggesting human beings are born with a moral grammar hard-wired into their neural circuitry. The analysis challenges claims for cultural relativity and suggests psychological egoism and rational choice theory leave unexplained much political behavior because they rest on too narrow a conceptualization of basic human nature, omitting precisely the sociability that moral sense theory places as a fundamental part of our human nature.
A grounded theory approach to developing a career change model in hospitality

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to create a substantive theory explaining career change. A grounded theory approach was employed to explore the decision to change careers for young hotel managers. We use data from a series of open-ended interviews with people who have left the hotel industry to create a model explaining early career changes. This paper expands on current literature by analyzing the viewpoint of those who have changed careers to better understand the phenomenon, and seeks to identify the key reasons why young hotel professionals change their careers. In contrast to most current research, the findings indicate that job satisfaction and professional identity were not key factors in the decision to change careers. However, dissatisfaction with career progression did seem very important, and work to life conflict, which is seldom studied in career change literature, was found to be a key component of career change.
Observations related to healing of interface damage and cavity nucleation during superplastic flow

Abstract Two critical observations related to the nucleation of superplastic cavities are reported. Cavities preexisting in a fine grain Al–Mg alloy prior to superplastic deformation have been minimized, but not completely eliminated by a high temperature annealing treatment. This has reduced the density of emerging cavities during subsequent deformation, however nucleation of cavities occur continuously with superplastic strain, starting possibly from partially healed defects of imperceptible (nanoscale) size. The observations raise doubts about the often-used cavity nucleation criterion based on a thermodynamically stable void size. Diffusional cavity growth model, used in conjunction with this assumed “stable” size artificially enlarges its perceived contribution, but still predicts less growth than the observed cavitation levels in superplastic metals. Alternate growth mechanism for submicron size cavities is suggested.
Direct democracy devices: A computer-simulation analysis

Abstract This paper places direct democracy devices in a long tradition of efforts to expand citizen participation. A computer simulation model, DEMOCRACY, is developed to compare the impact of direct democracy devices with the impact of representative democracy on the proportion of legislation initiated and approved. Citizens' initiative results in the approval of substantially more legislation than legislative structure. The referendum results in slightly less legislation being approved than under legislative structure. Legislation is more likely to be approved when citizen intensities and policy preferences are distributed in a concentrated manner so that districts are homogeneous, than when they are uniformly distributed, so that districts are heterogeneous. The proportion of legislation approved is sensitive to both government structure and to the distribution of citizen preferences and intensities. The impact of government structure exceeds the impact of citizen preferences. The democratic devices and rules used matter.
LY354740 is a potent and highly selective group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist in cells expressing human glutamate receptors.

The novel compound LY354740 is a conformationally constrained analog of glutamate, which was designed for interaction at metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors. In this paper the selectivity of LY354740 for recombinant human mGlu receptor subtypes expressed in non-neuronal (RGT) cells is described. At human mGlu2 receptors, LY354740 produced >90% suppression of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation with an ec50 of 5.1 ± 0.3 nM. LY354740 was six-fold less potent in activating human mGlu3 receptors (ec50 = 24.3 ± 0.5 nM). LY354740 inhibition of forskolin-stimulated cAMP formation in human mGlu2 receptor-expressing cells was blocked by competitive mGlu receptor antagonists, including (+)-α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine (MCPG) and LY307452 ((2S,4S0-2-amino-4-(4,4-diphenylbut-1-yl)-pentane-1,5-dioic acid). LY354740 had no agonist or antagonist activities at cells expressing human mGlu4 or mGlu7 (group III mGlu receptors) (ec50s > 100 000 nM). When tested at group I phosphoinositide-coupled human mGlu receptors (mGlu1a and mGlu5a), LY354740 did not activate or inhibit mGlu receptor agonist-evoked phosphoinositide hydrolysis at up to 100 000 nM. Electrophysiological experiments also demonstrated that LY354740 also had no appreciable activity in cells expressing human recombinant AMPA (GluR4) and kainate (GluR6) receptors. Thus, LY354740 is a highly potent, efficacious and selective group II (mGlu2/3) receptor agonist, useful to explore the functions of these receptors in situ. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Clonal derivatives of a bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) and continuing preservation of total chromosomal material

Cells in clones of a permanent bovine kidney cell line (MDBK) revealed fluctuations in number and kinds of chromosomes concomitant with maintenance of chromosome arms. This inidcated the preservation of total chromosomal material through various combinations of species' characteristic telocentric autosomes and newly formed chromosomes with inserted centromeres and reflected the conditions which existed in the uncloned parental population as reported previously.
Dynamic Modeling of a Robotic Fish Propelled by a Compliant Tail

In this paper, a dynamic model for a robotic fish propelled by a tail with a flexible fin is presented. The robotic fish is composed of two links connected by an actuated joint; the frontal link is rigid and acts as the robotic fish body, while the rear link serves as the tail. The latter comprises a rigid element connected to a flexible caudal fin, whose underwater vibration is responsible for propulsion. The dynamics of the frontal link are described using Kirchhoff's equations of motion for rigid bodies in quiescent fluids. The tail vibration is modeled using Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the effect of the encompassing fluid is described using the Morison equation. The thrust production is assessed from static thrust data in terms of the fin-tip displacement; other salient model parameters are estimated through a nonlinear least squares technique. The model is validated against experimental data on circular and S-shaped trajectories. The model can be used for simulation, prediction, design optimization, and control, as it allows for the description of the robot's motion as a function of the unique input of the system, that is, the servomotor angle. Within the latter application, a heading control algorithm, in which the controller is tuned on the basis of the dynamic model, is presented.
A Heuristic Solution Procedure to Minimize Makespan on a Single Machine with Non-linear Cost Functions

We consider the static single-facility scheduling problem where the processing times of jobs are a nondecreasing and differentiable function of their starting (waiting) times and the objective is to minimize the total elapsed time (makespan) in which all jobs complete their processing. We give a criterion for optimality of two jobs to be scheduled next to each other, and based on this criterion we propose a heuristic algorithm to solve the problem. The effectiveness of the algorithm is empirically evaluated for quadratic and exponential cost functions. In the quadratic case it is compared with the static heuristic algorithm proposed by Gupta and Gupta.
Learning to Predict Chemical Reactions

Being able to predict the course of arbitrary chemical reactions is essential to the theory and applications of organic chemistry. Approaches to the reaction prediction problems can be organized around three poles corresponding to: (1) physical laws; (2) rule-based expert systems; and (3) inductive machine learning. Previous approaches at these poles, respectively, are not high throughput, are not generalizable or scalable, and lack sufficient data and structure to be implemented. We propose a new approach to reaction prediction utilizing elements from each pole. Using a physically inspired conceptualization, we describe single mechanistic reactions as interactions between coarse approximations of molecular orbitals (MOs) and use topological and physicochemical attributes as descriptors. Using an existing rule-based system (Reaction Explorer), we derive a restricted chemistry data set consisting of 1630 full multistep reactions with 2358 distinct starting materials and intermediates, associated with 2989 ...
Vertebral hypersegmentation in a case of the VATER association

Associations are statistical clusterings of malformations not known to be polytopic field defects, sequences, or syndromes. The VATER association is a nonrandom association of malformations including vertebral, anal, cardiovascular, tracheoesophageal, genitourinary, and limb defects. The caudal "dysplasia" sequence of lumbosacral vertebral defects, genitourinary abnormalities, and imperforate anus overlaps the VATER association. The cloacal membrane agenesis sequence is a pattern of malformations resulting in the absence of anal, genital, and urinary orifices with associated malformations in surrounding structures. We report on a 37-week gestation liveborn male with oligohydramnios deformations, tetralogy of Fallot, "H-type" tracheoesophageal fistula, duodenal atresia, imperforate anus, urethral atresia, undescended testes, absent right kidney with a small dysplastic left kidney, a "cloacal-like" abnormality of the bladder and distal bowel, and thoracic and lumbar vertebral hypersegmentation. This patient has manifestations of the VATER association, the caudal dysplasia sequence, and the cloacal membrane agenesis sequence. We propose that some of his defects may represent a malformation sequence secondary to excessive embryonic flexion resulting from vertebral hypersegmentation.
The Immunomodulator Enterotoxin Influences BCR Signaling by Stabilizing Lipid Domains

Adjuvants may potentiate immune response at the cell level by either enhancing receptor activation at the membrane or by increasing uptake of antigen. To investigate the mechanism behind the adjuvancy of LTIIb, a toxin that binds GM3, we studied its effects on the membrane structure, the mobility of BCR and B cell membrane signaling. bimFCS, a novel technique for probing interaction between membrane molecules and membrane domains, confirms that LTIIb pre-clusters cholesterol-stabilized domains. LTIIb, or its binding subunit alone, is found to reduce the mobility of BCRs, as measured by FRAP measurements and induce membrane signaling, as confirmed by calcium imaging. The calcium signaling pathway, however, seems to compete with that of BCR activation through IgM crosslinking. The B subunit of Choleratoxin (CTB), commonly used for labeling GM1, though also modulates cholesterol-stabilized domains, does not affect BCR mobility or trigger calcium signaling. These results show that GM1 and GM3, though both enriched in cholesterol-stabilized domains, behave differently, at least in CH27 B cells, upon crosslinking.
Short-wavelength charge oscillations in semiconducting carbon nanotubes

Self-consistent tight-binding calculations for Carbon Nanotube devices have shown large oscillations of the charge from atom to atom. To explain this effect, we present a linear response theory for semiconducting carbon nanotubes subject to an external electrostatic potential perturbation. Within tight-binding theory, it is demonstrated that the large charge oscillations originate from the polyatomic nature of the unit cell.
Speed of writing and printing

In Experiment 1, subjects printed the alphabet faster than they wrote it. In Experiment 2, copying of familiar words was equally fast when written or printed (in lowercase). Printing in uppercase was slowest. For both writing and printing, performance was faster on the word task than on the alphabet task, the fastest speeds ranging from 2.01 to 2.58 letters/sec. In both experiments, most subjects expressed a preference for writing over printing on tasks outside the laboratory.
Direct Fabrication of Composite and Ceramic Hollow Nanofibers by Electrospinning

Hollow nanofibers with walls made of inorganic/polymer composites or ceramics have been prepared by electrospinning two immiscible liquids through a coaxial, two-capillary spinneret, followed by selective removal of the cores. The capability and feasibility of this technique have been demonstrated by the fabrication of titania/polymer or anatase nanotubes whose size and wall thickness could be independently varied by controlling a set of experimental parameters. The presence of a sol−gel precursor in the sheath liquid was necessary for the formation of stable, coaxial jets and hollow fibers with robust walls. The circular cross-section, uniform size, and well-controlled orientation of these long hollow nanofibers are particularly attractive for use in fabricating fluidic devices and optical waveguides.
Glycerol permeabilities of fertilized and unfertilized mouse ova

The coefficients of permeability to glycerol, Pglyc, and their temperature-dependence were determined from volume changes of fertilized and unfertilized mouse ova under hyperosmotic conditions. Fertilization caused a significant increase in the value of Pglyc. Unfertilized ova exhibited Pglyc values of 1 X 10(-5), 2 X 10(-6), and 5 X 10(-7) cm/min at approximately 20 degrees C, and approximately 12 degrees C, and approximately 3 degrees C, respectively. Fertilized ova exhibited Pglyc values of 3.4 X 10(-5), 1.3 X 10(-5), and 4.7 X 10(-6) cm/min at apoproximately 20 degrees C, 12 degrees C, and approximately 3 degrees C, respectively. The activation energy of glycerol permeation into fertilized and unfertilized ova was calculated to be 18.7 and 28.4 kcal/mol, respectively. Fertilization caused a rather dramatic increase in glycerol permeability, the major extent of which occurred within about 3 hours after fertilization. Pglyc was also measured at approximately 20 degrees C by isotope uptake. Glycerol uptake calculated indirectly from the volume changes of the ova agreed well with that measured directly by labeled glycerol uptake. It was also found that the zona pellucida fertilized and unfertilized ova did not detectably impede the permeation by glycerol.
A Deterministic Lagrangian-Based Global Optimization Approach for Quasiseparable Nonconvex Mixed-Integer Nonlinear Programs

We propose a deterministic approach for global optimization of nonconvex quasiseparable problems encountered frequently in engineering systems design. Our branch and bound-based optimization algorithm applies Lagrangian decomposition to (1) generate tight lower bounds by exploiting the structure of the problem and (2) enable parallel computing of subsystems and use of efficient dual methods. We apply the approach to two important product design applications: (1) product family optimization with a fixedplatform configuration and (2) single product design using an integrated marketingengineering framework. Results show that Lagrangian bounds are much tighter than the factorable programming bounds implemented by the commercial global solver BARON, and the proposed lower bounding scheme shows encouraging robustness and scalability, enabling solution of some highly nonlinear problems that cause difficulty for existing solvers. The deterministic approach also provides lower bounds on the global optimum, eliminating uncertainty of solution quality inherent to popular applications of stochastic and local solvers. DOI: 10.1115/1.3087559
Prospective testing of mucoepidermoid carcinoma for the MAML2 translocation: Clinical Implications

Objectives/Hypothesis: Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) with MAML2 translocation is believed to be associated with lower clinical stage, lower histologic grade, and better outcome. We summarized our prospective experience testing MEC for the MAML2 translocation. Study Design: Prospective cohort study. Methods: One hundred eighteen head and neck tumors (55 MECs and 63 mimics) were prospectively tested for MAML2 translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization as part of clinical care during a 36-month period. Results: MAML2 translocation was identified in 41 of 55 (75%) cases diagnosed as MEC. Translocation status did not correlate significantly with histologic grade, age, gender, tumor site, or T stage. Conclusions: Routine testing for MAML2 translocation by fluorescence in situ hybridization is feasible and useful in confirming the diagnosis of MEC. The lack of significant correlation with histologic grade or pathologic stage implies that the previously reported prognostic value of the MAML2 translocation may be an artifact of misclassification of MEC as other tumors.
Large scale data analytics on clouds

We summarize important overall issues affecting use of clouds to support Data Science. We describe the mapping of different applications to HPCC and Cloud systems and the architecture that support data analytics that is interoperable between these architectures.
Interaction proximity effect at the interface between a superconductor and a topological insulator quantum well

A material whose electrons are correlated can affect electron dynamics across the interface with another material. Such a ``proximity effect'' can have several manifestations, from order parameter leakage to generated effective interactions. The resulting combination of induced electron correlations and their intrinsic dynamics at the surface of the affected material can give rise to qualitatively new quantum states. For example, the leaking of a superconducting order parameter into certain Rashba spin-orbit-coupled materials has been recently identified as a path to creating ``topological superconductors'' that can host Majorana particles of use in quantum computing. Here we analyze the other aspects of the superconducting proximity effect. The proximity-induced interactions are a promising path to incompressible quantum liquids with non-Abelian fractional quasiparticles in topological insulator quantum wells, which could also find applications in topological quantum computing. We discuss the operational and design principles of a heterostructure device that could realize such states. We apply field-theoretical methods to characterize the properties of induced interactions via the electron-phonon coupling and Cooper pair tunneling across the interface. We argue that bound-state Cooper pairs can be stabilized by the interaction proximity effect inside a topological insulator quantum well at experimentally observable energy scales. The condensation of spinful triplet pairs, enabled by the Rashba spin-orbit coupling and tunable by gate voltage, would lead to novel superconducting states and fractional topological insulators.
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin induced alterations in protein phosphorylation in guinea pig adipose tissue

An in situ (explant tissue culture) model has been developed to study the effect of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), hormones, and growth factors either alone or in combination. In our model system, the effect of TCDD on protein phosphorylation was greatly affected by the presence or the absence of externally added D-glucose. In the presence of a physiologically relevant level of glucose (13.3 mM), TCDD clearly stimulated protein phosphorylation as in the case of in vivo data. However, in the absence of D-glucose, TCDD clearly inhibited protein phosphorylation. On the other hand, TCDD reduced the glucose uptake activity in isolated adipose tissue either in the presence or absence of D-glucose (13.3 mM). Therefore, the TCDD-induced reduction of glucose transport does not appear to be related directly to the simultaneous rise in protein phosphorylation. For comparison, several agents which are known to affect protein phosphorylation were tested. These hormonal agents generally affected the TCDD-untreated adipose tissues in the manner expected from their known actions, indicating that this in situ model is an adequate system to study their independent actions. The TCDD-treated adipose tissue samples showed only mild or insignificant response to these hormonal stimuli. In terms of the changes in the pattern of protein phosphorylation activities, the action of TCDD appeared to resemble that of EGF and T3. Since under in situ conditions no agents such as EGF or T3 can be expected to be present, the observed TCDD-induced changes are suggestive of the basic intracellular changes in cellular activities. The types of TCDD-induced protein kinases appear to be protein tyrosine kinases and protein kinase C.
Computer modulated drawing in graphics design

A hardware-software process is described which automatically creates computer modulated drawings from an artists' own work. The artist prepares a line drawing at his leisure, in his customary environment using standard art supplies. The result is then rapidly and automatically digitized into a computer graphic database which mathematically describes the geometry of the various lines which compose it. These mathematical descriptions are then dynamically perturbed to yield a drawing which is rendered in a completely different style and yet retains the general holistic form of the original. The type and degree of modulation is specified by parameters.The value of the system to a graphic artist is that it allows him to use a computer to generate complex variations of drawings which would be exceedingly difficult to prepare by hand. In essence he is being provided with the facilities of a computer 'darkroom' with which he can create new images from old ones. The computer is involved in its appropriate domain of tedium, and the artist retains his dominance in creativity. Moreover, the output medium for his efforts is not limited to a paper alone, but may be extended to materials capable of being worked by numerically controlled tools - he thus may see his creations cut into plastic, woven into fabric, burned into wood or hammered into metal. The process thereby helps to extend the power of computer graphics into the field of graphics design and broadens its region of applicability in commercial art, printing, and textile design.
Health Care Unreform: The New Jersey Approach

INTEREST in health care reform at the level of the states is greater now than ever. Unprecedented numbers of states are giving serious study and beginning implementation of bold new approaches to health care financing. 1,2 Some proposed state reforms are comprehensive, such as those under development in Colorado, Oregon, Vermont, and Washington. Others take substantial incremental steps, including those in Minnesota, New York, and Florida. One other state, New Jersey, took action to change its financing system with lightning speed. New Jersey was thrust into the forefront of health care reform when, in May 1992, a federal judge overturned that state's long-standing program of financing hospital care for the indigent. By November 30, 1992, the state government had designed and adopted a sweeping change of its hospital financing system. The federal court decision was based on a suit brought by labor unions challenging whether the state was permitted to
PHOTOSYNTHESIS OF THE RED ALGA GASTROCLONIUM COULTERI (RHODOPHYTA) IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN TEMPERATURE, LIGHT INTENSITY, AND DESICCATION1

Previously reported transplantation experiments in the field showed that Gastroclonium coulteri (Harvey) Kylin could survive above its normal intertidal range (0.0–0.5 m above MLLW), except during periods of daytime low tides in spring. Net photosynthetic rate measurements in the laboratory were performed to determine which physical factors might determine the upper boundary for this species in the intertidal zone. Maximum net photosynthesis occurred between 15 and 20° C, but remained positive between 4 and 35° C. The air temperature extremes observed in the field were 2° C (only seen once) and 26° C. Net photosynthesis increased as expected with light intensity to the highest value obtainable in the laboratory, 1400 μEin m−2 s−1. Plants collected from the field under higher light intensity (up to 2000 μEin m−2 s−2) also showed high rates of photosynthesis. Neither the temperature nor light levels observed in the field were directly damaging to photosynthesis. Desiccation, however, resulted in a sharp decrease in both photosynthesis and respiration. G. coulteri fully recovered from successive daily treatments of about 35% desiccation, but not from successive treatments of 50% desiccation. One exposure to 70% desiccation allowed no recovery of photosynthetic capacity.
Proton magnetic resonance of irradiated polyethylene

Abstract The proton magnetic resonance of polyethylene in the temperature range: 80–430°K has been investigated for a series of 60 Co-irradiated high density specimens, a series of pile-irradiated heat-treated high density specimens, a series of pile-irradiated heat-treated low density specimens and a 60 Co-irradiated, heat-treated low density specimen. For the high density polyethylene samples two transitions are apparent in the second moment v. temperature plots, in agreement with dynamic elastic modulus-temperature behaviour. A gamma-ray dose of 10 8 r.e.p. from a 60 Co source introduces enough crosslinks in the amorphous regions of high density polyethylene to cause a shift of the amorphous transition at low temperatures (∼200°K) to higher temperatures as seen by changes in the peak-to-peak width of the derivative n.m.r. absorption v. temperature plot. The observed changes of the second moment v. temperature plots with increasing radiation dose provide further evidence that the first effect of pile irradiation is to increase the segmental mobility in polyethylene owing to a loss of order in the crystalline regions, and that, with further irradiation, there is a decrease in molecular mobility as a consequence of the increased crosslinking density. Samples which have been crosslinked to the same degree by irradiation in either a 60 Co source or a nuclear reactor at temperatures well below the crystalline melting point and subsequently heated above the melting point are found to exhibit essentially the same temperature dependence for both the line width and the second moment.
Half Someone Else's: Discourse and Trauma in the PNES Patient

This article is about patients suffering from Psychogenic Nonepileptic Seizures (PNES), and the way they talk about their seizures. In terms of founding questions, data, and insight, it owes a tremendous intellectual debt to the “Listening to People with Seizures” project at the University of Sheffield, UK. The PNES diagnosis is notoriously difficult to make. Taking patients at their word is a general principle of medical ethics. But it is particularly urgent in the case of PNES patients, whom physicians have been shown to markedly distrust and for whom the physician-patient relationship can easily erode (Decoster 2010; Kanaan, Armstrong, Barnes and Wessely 2009; Kinetz 2006; Plug and Reuber 2009; Shneker and Elliott 2008). One of the consequences of that erosion is that PNES patients fail to get the treatment they need. My interpretation encourages us to look more closely at the natural history of traumatic experience and that of seizure. More immediately, it suggests that healthcare professionals are wr...
Multiperiodicity and irregularity in growth cycles: A continuous model of monetary attractors

Empirical and theoretical investigations of chaotic phenomena in a macroeconomic system are reported. Evidence of low-dimensional strange attractors is found in several empirical monetary aggregates. A continuous time deterministic model with delayed feedback is suggested to describe the monetary growth. Period doubling to chaos occurs in the model. Our model offers an explanation for the multiperiodicity and irregularity in business cycles and for the salient features of monetary attractors. It gives a unified description of growth cycles, long waves and economic fluctuations in a simple mathematical model.
High-dose Ge implantation into 〈100〉 Si

Abstract Annealing behavior of radiation damage formed by the implantation of 75 Ge + ions into silicon was measured by channelling, with concentrations of germanium up to 14 at.% in 〈100〉 Si. At higher concentrations after annealing residual damage was located both at the interface of the damaged and undamaged crystal and at the surface. The interface defect was attributed to lattice mismatch. As for the surface defects, despite reasonable implantation conditions, the effect of recoiled oxygen or carbon cannot be ruled out. The kinetics of regrowth was not affected by the presence of Ge atoms. Apart from atoms is stable damaged regions, the Ge atoms showed highly substitutional character.
Using transport layer multihoming to enhance network layer moving target defenses

As systems and networks begin to transition to the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6), the immense address space available in the new protocol allows for devices to maintain multiple addresses and to change addresses frequently. These new capabilities encourage network layer moving target defenses in IPv6. Yet, common transport layer protocols, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the User Datagram Protocol (UDP), create sockets that are bound to a single IP address and that require significant amounts of system and network overhead per session, discouraging their use for communication over multiple addresses. Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol that allows for network sockets to use multiple IP addresses, referred to as multihoming. SCTP was tested with the Moving Target Defense for IPv6 (MT6D), a network layer moving target defense that was originally designed using UDP to dynamically change IPv6 addresses while maintaining sessions. By switching from UDP to SCTP, MT6D will improve performance and show the capability of multi-homed transport layer protocols, such as SCTP, in moving target defenses.