cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The immune response of the lathyritic rat.

SummaryThe immune response to injections of human red blood cells was studied in lathyritic weanling rats by direct agglutination and by electrophoretic analysis of serum globulins. No great differences between the response of the lathyritic and the control rats were found by either study. A minor change in the histology of the spleens of the lathyritic rats is unrelated to the immune response. No evidence is found to support the hypothesis that resistance to infection is altered in lathyrism.
The genetics of systemic lupus erythematosus: putting the pieces together

With λs estimates of 10 to 20 and other evidence of familial aggregation, as well as a monozygotic twin concordance rate >20, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) would appear to be a very promising phenotype using modern genetic approaches. Indeed, genetic associations are already known at numerous candidate loci including various HLA alleles, complement component genes, Fcγ receptors, and others, and murine genetic studies of lupus models have provided additional candidate genes and potential syntenic linkages to evaluate in man. The completed genetic linkage studies performed on various collections of pedigrees multiplex for SLE have identified 60 susceptibility loci with varying degrees of evidence for linkage in man. Seven of these meet or exceed the threshold for significant linkage (LOD ⩾ 3.3 or P ⩽ 0.00005) at 1q22–23, 1q41, 2q37, 4p16, 6p21–11, 16q13 and 17p13. In addition, these linkages usually dominate in one ethnicity or another, suggesting that the responsible polymorphisms, once identified, will also vary by ethnicity. Evidence that these linkages can be reproduced range from outright independent confirmation (1q41, 4p16 and 6p21) to additional suggestive evidence in the genomic region of the purported linkage (1q22–23 and 2q37). The results now available suggest that human lupus genetics are robust and that gene identification should be possible using existing genetic approaches and technologies.
Family Functioning and Health Status

This study examined the proposition that the adequacy of family functioning is related to the health status of its members. The hypotheses stated that the functioning of a person's family is less adequate, (1) the poorer the person's physical condition as assessed by objective indicators; (2) the less favorable the person's self-assessment of health; and (3) the poorer the person's psychological adjustment. Findings included: (1) families of most patients functioned fairly well; (2) patients perceived their general health as moderate; (3) distinctly elevated mean scores on the MMPI scales of Depression, Hypochondriasis, and Hysteria, but not on Welsh's Anxiety Scale, indicated psychological problems; (4) the first two hypotheses were unsupported, in that family functioning was unrelated to health status as determined by objective indicators or self-perception; and (5) adequacy of family functioning was unrelated to Depression, Hypochondriasis, and Hysteria, but was negatively related to extent of Anxiety....
Mismatch and the Paternalistic Justification for Selective College Admissions

Although some scholars report that all students are better served by attending more prestigious postsecondary institutions, others have argued that students are better off attending colleges where they are about average in terms of academic ability and suffer worse outcomes if they attend schools that are “out of their league” at which they are “overmatched.” The latter argument is most frequently deployed as a paternalistic justification for ending affirmative action. We take advantage of a natural admissions experiment at the University of California to test the effect of being overmatched for students on the margin of admission to elite universities. Consistent with the mismatch hypothesis, we find that students accumulate more credits when they attend less demanding institutions. However, students do not earn higher grades and are no more or less likely to drop out of schools where they are overmatched and are less likely to drop out than they would have been had they attended less demanding institutions.
Incompatibility protein IncC and global regulator KorB interact in active partition of promiscuous plasmid RK2.

Replication of the broad-host-range, IncPα plasmid RK2 requires two plasmid loci: trfA , the replication initiator gene, and oriV , the origin of replication. While these determinants are sufficient for replication in a wide variety of bacteria, they do not confer the stable maintenance of parental RK2 observed in its hosts. The product of the incC gene has been proposed to function in the stable maintenance of RK2 because of its relatedness to the ParA family of ATPases, some of which are known to be involved in the active partition of plasmid and chromosomal DNA. Here we show that IncC has the properties expected of a component of an active partition system. The smaller polypeptide product of incC (IncC2) exhibits a strong, replicon-independent incompatibility phenotype with RK2. This incompatibility phenotype requires the global transcriptional repressor, KorB, and the target for incC -mediated incompatibility is a KorB-binding site (O B ). We found that KorB and IncC interact in vivo by using the yeast two-hybrid system and in vitro by using partially purified proteins. Elevated expression of the incC and korB genes individually has no obvious effect on Escherichia coli cell growth, but their simultaneous overexpression is toxic, indicating a possible interaction of IncC-KorB complexes with a vital host target. A region of RK2 bearing incC , korB , and multiple KorB-binding sites is able to stabilize an unstable, heterologous plasmid in an incC -dependent manner. Finally, elevated levels of IncC2 cause RK2 to aggregate, indicating a possible role for IncC in plasmid pairing. These findings demonstrate that IncC, KorB, and at least one KorB-binding site are components of an active partition system for the promiscuous plasmid RK2.
Fire and Parasites: An Under-Recognized Form of Anthropogenic Land Use Change and Mechanism of Disease Exposure

Anthropogenic land use changes have altered ecosystems and exacerbated the spread of infectious diseases. Recent reviews, however, have revealed that fire suppression in fire-prone natural areas has not been recognized as a form of anthropogenic land use change. Furthermore, fire suppression has been an under-recognized mechanism altering the risk and transmission of infectious disease pathogens and host–parasite dynamics. However, as settlement patterns changed, especially due to colonial expansion in North America, Africa, and Australia, fire suppression became a major form of land use change which has led to broad-scale ecosystem changes. Because parasites of humans and animals can vector viral, bacterial, prion, fungal, or protozoan pathogens, concomitant changes associated with anthropogenic-induced changes to fire frequencies and intensities are of concern. I provide reference to 24 studies that indicate that restoring fire in natural areas has the potential to reduce ectoparasites without wings such as ticks, chiggers, fleas, and lice; ectoparasites with wings such as mosquitos, horn flies, face flies, and stable flies; and endoparasites affecting livestock and wildlife. This suggests that fire ecology and parasitology be considered as a priority area for future research that has implications for both humans and animals.
Interaction of cyanoketone and other steroid nitriles with cytochrome oxidase, hemoglobin, and cytochrome P-450.

The inhibitory activity of cyanoketone (CNK; 2α-cyano-4,4,17α-trimethyl-17β-hydroxy-5-androsten- 3-one), was investigated for enzymes of the respiratory chain and cholesterol side chain cleavage (CSCC). In bovine corpus luteum mitochondria incubated with [26-14C]cholesterol, 500 μM CNK caused 90% inhibition of pregnenolone synthesis. Comparable results were obtained with adrenal and placental mitochondria. Addition of CNK to bovine corpus luteum mitochondria or to cytochrome P-450 purified from this source elicited a concentration-dependent, reverse type I difference spectrum with an absorption maximum at about 423 nm and a minimum at about 395 nm, confirming binding to oxidized cytochrome P-450. This spectral change resembles those of steroids which inhibit CSCC. In mitochondrial preparations, CNK induced a second peak at about 445 nm. This peak was similar to that elicited by the interaction of potassium cyanide with cytochrome a3 when the former is added to rabbit heart mitochondria which are devoid of...
Influence of stripper operating parameters on the performance of amine absorption systems for post-combustion carbon capture: Part I. High pressure strippers

Abstract The alkanolamine absorption process is viewed favorably for use in the separation of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from point emission sources such as coal-fired power plants. At present, natural gas sweetening is the most important application for this technology. However, on a number of accounts such as the feed conditions of gas, its composition and process economics; natural gas sweetening and carbon capture are very different applications. Current technology is optimized toward providing a high performance for the former. As a part of this two-part study, we have used the process simulation software ProMax ® to perform a detailed analysis on the effect of stripper operating pressure on factors like reboiler energy duty, absorber and stripper column sizing and parasitic power loss. We have examined the performance of monoethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA) and diglycolamine (DGA) which are all commercial absorbents that can be reliably modeled in ProMax ® . In part I of this study, we have analyzed the performance of strippers operated at pressures ranging from 150 kPa to 300 kPa. In this part of the study, we examine the performance of vacuum strippers operating under low vacuum at pressures of 30 kPa, 50 kPa and 75 kPa. Since vacuum strippers operate at lower temperatures than conventional stripper configurations, it is possible to use waste heat in the reboiler. In this study, we explore this possibility and consider 5 scenarios in which varying fractions of the reboiler steam are provided from waste heat sources located outside the turbine system. As with the cases presented in Part I, our comparisons of different configurations are based on energy consumption and column dimensions required for 90% CO 2 capture (separation + compression) from a 400 MW coal-fired power plant. CO 2 separated from the flue gas is compressed to a pressure of 16 MPa, typically maintained in the pipelines. On the basis of our findings, we report that vacuum stripping is an attractive alternative to conventional stripping. It is particularly attractive if significant sources of waste heat outside the turbine system can be located. We also conclude from our work that DEA and DGA have a superior performance than MEA when vacuum strippers are used. Use of vacuum strippers will certainly result in increased capital costs due to the need for larger equipment. However, in the view of potential savings in operating costs mainly by reduction in parasitic power loss; the increased capital expenditure may be justifiable.
Structural controls of fracture orientations, intensity, and connectivity, Teton anticline, Sawtooth Range, Montana

The Teton anticline is a multiple hinge anticline containing fractured Mississippian–Devonian carbonates in the frontal part of the Sawtooth Range in Montana. The structure serves as a good surface analog for fracture patterns and connectivities within subsurface-folded carbonate reservoirs. The primary fracture sets are longitudinal and transverse relative to the axis of the fold, although two additional oblique sets are also present. The length and density of the longitudinal fracture sets are strongly controlled by position relative to multiple hinges. The transverse fractures are related to changes in fold plunge and exhibit less variation in fracture density. Fracture connectivity is dependent on the number of fracture sets, their orientations and dispersions, and the densities of the fracture sets. The connectivity is measured using two parameters: the fractional connected area (FCA), which represents the fraction of the total sample area that is connected by fractures, and the distribution of clusters of different sizes in any given area. Because the longitudinal fractures represent the dominant fracture set and also show the most variation with structural position, the fracture connectivity, as measured by both the FCAs and the distribution of cluster sizes, is greater in the vicinity of the fold hinges. The results and approaches used in the study have some important implications for subsurface-folded fractured carbonate reservoirs. The analysis of sparsely distributed fracture data from wells must be integrated with an understanding of the controls of the macroscopic structure on fracture parameters to effectively simulate fracture patterns and connectivities around subsurface structures.
Factors influencing evaluation of patient areas, work spaces, and staff areas by healthcare professionals:

Previous research reported that healthcare professionals rate the physical work environment more negatively than other characteristics of the environment. This study investigated salient dimensions...
A tunable, band-pass, miniaturized-element frequency selective surface: Design and measurement

Frequency selective surface (FSS) structures, with resonant unit cells whose dimensions are comparable to half of a wavelength, have been studied for a variety of applications like radar and satellite communications. FSSs are usually 2D planar, periodic structures consisting of one or more metallic patterns, each backed by a dielectric substrate. The frequency response of an FSS is entirely described by the geometry of the structure in one period called a unit cell. In traditional FSS design, the frequency selective properties result from mutual interactions of the periodic FSS elements.
Trading Wind Power in a Competitive Electricity Market Using Stochastic Programing and Game Theory

Wind power is one of the most rapidly growing clean and renewable energy sources. However, due to the uncertainty and intermittency of wind power, the increasing penetration of wind power into the electric power system will pose challenges to power system operators. Moreover, as a participant in a competitive electricity market, a wind power producer's behavior and profit will be influenced by other participants' behaviors. This paper proposes a model of using stochastic programming to generate optimal bidding strategies to maximize the total profits of wind and conventional power producers in both the energy market and a bilateral reserve market, where the reserve price is settled between wind and conventional power producers by using game theory. Case studies using real-world data for games in an electricity market with different types of players are performed to show the effectiveness of the proposed model.
On compressing frequent patterns

A major challenge in frequent-pattern mining is the sheer size of its mining results. To compress the frequent patterns, we propose to cluster frequent patterns with a tightness measure @d (called @d-cluster), and select a representative pattern for each cluster. The problem of finding a minimum set of representative patterns is shown NP-Hard. We develop two greedy methods, RPglobal and RPlocal. The former has the guaranteed compression bound but higher computational complexity. The latter sacrifices the theoretical bounds but is far more efficient. Our performance study shows that the compression quality using RPlocal is very close to RPglobal, and both can reduce the number of closed frequent patterns by almost two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, RPlocal mines even faster than FPClose [G. Grahne, J. Zhu, Efficiently using prefix-trees in mining frequent itemsets, in: Proc. IEEE ICDM Workshop on Frequent Itemset Mining Implementations (FIMI'03)], a very fast closed frequent-pattern mining method. We also show that RPglobal and RPlocal can be combined together to balance the quality and efficiency.
Accounting Information Quality, Interbank Competition, and Bank Risk-Taking

ABSTRACT: We study the interaction between interbank competition and accounting information quality and their effects on banks' risk-taking behavior. We identify an endogenous false-alarm cost that banks incur when forced to sell assets to meet capital requirements. We find that when the interbank competition is less intense, an improvement in the quality of accounting information encourages banks to take more risk. Keeping the banks' investments in loans constant, the provision of high-quality accounting information reduces the false-alarm cost of assets sales and improves the discriminating efficiency of the capital requirement policy. When considering the banks' endogenous investment decisions, however, this improvement in discriminating efficiency causes excessive risk-taking, because banks respond by competing more aggressively in the deposit market, and the increase in deposit costs motivates banks to take more risk. Our paper shows that improving information quality increases risk-taking with mild ...
Design and implementation of a local network: a feasibility study

The feasibility of a local area network (LAN) design and implementation for a warehouse/test facility was investigated. The TMS-380-chipset-based token-ring LAN was selected for this facility. Several aspects in the design of this network are examined including network layout, cost, productivity, efficiency, and interoperability. A cost estimate of the various components of the LAN is presented. >
A process variation compensating technique for sub-90 nm dynamic circuits

A process variation compensating technique for dynamic circuits is described for sub-90 nm technologies where leakage variation is severe. A keeper whose effective strength is optimally programmable based on die leakage enables 10% faster performance, 35% reduction in delay variation, and 5x reduction in robustness failing dies over conventional static keeper design in 90 nm dual-V/sub t/ CMOS.
The direct examination of three‐dimensional bone architecture in vitro by computed tomography

We describe a new method for the direct examination of three-dimensional bone structure in vitro based on high-resolution computed tomography (CT). Unlike clinical CT, a three-dimensional reconstruction array is created directly, rather than a series of two-dimensional slices. All structural indices commonly determined from two-dimensional histologic sections can be obtained nondestructively from a large number of slices in each of three orthogonal directions. This permits a comprehensive description of structural variation within a specimen and greatly facilitates the study of structural anisotropy. A measure of three-dimensional connectivity (Euler number/tissue volume) has been determined for the first time in human cancellous bone and shown to correlate with several two-dimensional histomorphometric indices. The method has the potential for overcoming many of the limitations of current approaches to the study of bone architecture at the microscopic level.
Testing the discriminant validity of occupational entrenchment

Using a sample of medical technologists (MTs) over a 5-year time period, this study's results suggest that occupational entrenchment (Carson, Carson, & Medeian, 1995) may be better represented as a two-dimension, i.e. accumulated costs and limited alternatives, vs. three-dimension, i.e. investments, emotional costs, and limited alternatives, construct. Results show that professional commitment, job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational support were more strongly positively related to accumulated costs than limited alternatives, while externality (locus of control) and lower work ethic were more strongly related to limited alternatives than accumulated costs. It is speculated that these results may be useful in future research on the broader construct of occupational commitment.
Self-assessment of communication skills preparedness: adult versus pediatric skills.

Purpose.— To characterize and compare incoming residents' self-reported 1) amount and sufficiency of medical school training in clinical communication for patients of different ages, and 2) training experience and anticipated comfort level when breaking news of serious diagnoses with patients of different ages. Method.— A self-assessment tool was voluntarily completed by residents entering Brown- and Dartmouth-affiliated residencies. Descriptive statistics were generated and 2-tailed t tests were used to compare mean responses for patient age categories within each area of questioning. Results.— A total of 143 (78%) of 184 residents completed self-assessments. Estimates of training time with adult patients were greater than any other patient age category and were rated most sufficient. Twelve percent and 11% of respondents reported no formal training in pediatric and adolescent skills, respectively, and more than half reported that they had never observed a pediatric or adolescent "bad news" interaction. Half of the respondents had personally informed a patient or family of a serious diagnosis, most often concerning middle-aged or elderly patients. Respondents anticipated greatest discomfort discussing serious illness in younger patients and least discomfort discussing serious illness in adult and elderly patients. Conclusions.— Residents feel less prepared for and receive less training in general communication skills, particularly skills required for delivering bad news, in pediatric clinical interactions as compared with interactions with adult patients. Additional formalized training in communication skills and strategies for breaking bad news to pediatric and adolescent patients may be warranted.
Chondroinductive Hydrogel Pastes Composed of Naturally Derived Devitalized Cartilage

Hydrogel precursors are liquid solutions that are prone to leaking from the defect site once implanted in vivo. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to create a hydrogel precursor that exhibited a yield stress. Additionally, devitalized cartilage extracellular matrix (DVC) was mixed with DVC that had been solubilized and methacrylated (MeSDVC) to create hydrogels that were chondroinductive. Precursors composed of 10% MeSDVC or 10% MeSDVC with 10% DVC were first evaluated rheologically, where non-Newtonian behavior was observed in all hydrogel precursors. Rat bone marrow stem cells (rBMSCs) were mixed in the precursor solutions, and the solutions were then crosslinked and cultured in vitro for 6 weeks with and without exposure to human transforming growth factor β3 (TGF-β3). The compressive modulus, gene expression, biochemical content, swelling, and histology of the gels were analyzed. The DVC-containing gels consistently outperformed the MeSDVC-only group in chondrogenic gene expression, especially at 6 weeks, where the relative collagen II expression of the DVC-containing groups with and without TGF-β3 exposure was 40- and 78-fold higher, respectively, than that of MeSDVC alone. Future work will test for chondrogenesis in vivo and overall, these two cartilage-derived components are promising materials for cartilage tissue engineering applications.
Encounters Between Topology and Domain Theory

This survey article provides an overview of recent developments that represent typical interplays between topology and continuous domain theory. The topics highlighted include locally compact spaces, spectral theory, round-ideal completions, ordered spaces, maximal-point spaces, and the probabilistic power domain The article attempts to develop the thesis that topological tools are useful for the investigation of order-theoretic structures arising in theoretical computer science and the latter in turn suggest new research directions in topology.
Analysis of planet effect of reference star on searching for Earth-like planets

It is a challenging task to find exoplanets because of the huge contrast between star and planets in mass and in brightness. It is more challenging to determine the masses of exoplanets because it requires extremely high astrometric accuracy. In particular detection of Earth-like planets needs sub-microarcsecond (µas) precision which is possible only by narrow-angle astrometry via the SIM PlanetQuest mission. The narrow-angle observation mode of SIM PlanetQuest requires several distant reference stars, which are close enough in the sky around the target, typically within one degree. This paper provides statistical estimates of available reference stars for all candidate stars in searching for Earth-like planets. It is inevitable that some of reference stars will have binary components and planets. This paper describes the analysis techniques and various error estimates for binary jitters and planet effects of reference stars. Because of the limited number and duration of observations of SIM PlanetQuest, the Monte Carlo simulations indicate that certain long period planets around reference stars may not be detected. Earth-like planets around target stars, however, can be detected unambiguously. Finally, we demonstrate the current best estimates of instrument error, photon noise, reference stars planet disturbance, stellar jitters, etc., and conclude that the orbits of Earth-like planets with sub-μas astrometric signatures can be determined accurately by SIM PlanetQuest for nearby candidate stars.
Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM-SIAM symposium on Discrete algorithms

The papers in this volume were presented at the Twenty-Fifth Annual ACM-SIAM Symposium on Discrete Algorithms, held January 5-7, 2014 in Portland, Oregon, USA. The Symposium was jointly sponsored by SIGACT (the ACM Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computation Theory) and by the SIAM Activity Group on Discrete Mathematics.
Predation shapes the movement of a well-defended species, the North American porcupine, even when nutritionally stressed

Animals reduce their exposure to predation often at the cost of nutritional inputs. A variety of predator avoidance strategies exist, but species generally exist along a spectrum with some primarily utilizing behavioral responses to avoid predation and others relying more on morphological defenses to deter predation. North American porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum) possess a well-developed predator deterrent strategy (i.e., quills). During the winter, porcupines enter a nutritional bottleneck where they principally rely on endogenous stores to survive winter. We hypothesized that porcupine behavior in winter would, then, be primarily driven by nutritional demands rather than predation risk. To test this trade-off between perceived risk of predation and nutritional stress, we analyzed the length and sinuosity of movement patterns, relative to nutritional condition (urinary urea: creatinine), snow conditions (depth, density), and a risk landscape (predation risk and refuges). As predicted, the sinuosity of movement paths was unrelated to any of our variables, but we detected a strong correlation between lengths of movements with risk landscape. Specifically, the length of porcupine movement declined as the average risk of predation increased, and the presence of refuge trees in their movement path was positively related to path length. Thus, even for animals possessing extreme morphological defenses effective at deterring predation, and during a period of nutritional stress, movement and behavior are nevertheless driven by perceived predation risk.
Country and Product Images

Abstract China represents a huge potential market for many multinational corporations. However, empirical studies on Chinese consumers' perceptions about various countries and their respective products have been scarce. Based upon Martin and Eroglu's (1993) work, our study distinguishes country image from product image and reveals that Chinese consumers hold different perceptions about U.S., Japan, and China as countries and about their products. The reciprocal relationship between country image and product image is also explored. Our results have interesting theoretical and managerial implications.
Towards cognitive automation of data science

A Data Scientist typically performs a number of tedious and time-consuming steps to derive insight from a raw data set. The process usually starts with data ingestion, cleaning, and transformation (e.g. outlier removal, missing value imputation), then proceeds to model building, and finally a presentation of predictions that align with the end-users objectives and preferences. It is a long, complex, and sometimes artful process requiring substantial time and effort, especially because of the combinatorial explosion in choices of algorithms (and platforms), their parameters, and their compositions. Tools that can help automate steps in this process have the potential to accelerate the time-to-delivery of useful results, expand the reach of data science to non-experts, and offer a more systematic exploration of the available options. This work presents a step towards this goal.
State of Cure of Neoprene Vulcanizates. Measurement by the T-50 Test

Abstract Generally the physical properties of elastomer vulcanizates are considered to depend on their states of cure. Although many tests for measuring the state of cure have been developed, none are completely satisfactory. Some of them fail to distinguish between the physical or chemical effects of compounding ingredients, others are too laborious to be of practical value. The T-50 test developed by Gibbons, Gerke, and Tingey for natural rubber vulcanizates eliminates some of these difficulties and further reduces the number of tests required for production control. The T-50 test is based on the retraction of a stretched and frozen specimen with an increase in temperature. The temperature at which the sample retracts to 50 per cent of its initial frozen elongation is termed the T-50 value. From a physical standpoint the test is sensitive, precise, and easily performed. From a chemical standpoint the original workers as well as Vila showed that, for any specific natural rubber composition, the T-50 valu...
Synthesis and Growth Mechanism of Lead Sulfide Quantum Platelets in Lamellar Mesophase Templates

Thin (1 nm) PbS quantum platelets are prepared from lead acetate and thiourea in n-octylamine solvent at and near room temperature. Mechanistic studies establish that the quantum platelets are formed within lamellar amine-bilayer mesophase templates. UV–visible extinction spectra contain discrete features assigned to the n = 1 and n = 2 quantum-well transitions in the quantum platelets. The observed shifting of the spectral features to lower energies during growth of the quantum platelets is ascribed to increasing multi-quantum-well coupling between adjacent quantum platelets in the template stacks. Re-examination of a previously published higher-temperature synthesis of PbS nanosheets provides strong evidence for an analogous oleate-bilayer templated pathway. The lamellar mesophases investigated here undergo elastic expansion in the high-vacuum environment of the TEM, which appears to be a general phenomenon. Thus, lamellar spacings measured by TEM are larger than the actual spacings at ambient pressure.
Development of the Efficient Single Centrifugal Compressor for Aircraft Engines

This paper describes the development of high efficiency and large surge margin low flow coefficient (0.145) centrifugal compressor. A viscous turbomachinery optimal design method developed by the authors for axial flow machine was further extended and used in a centrifugal compressor design. The development of a compressor has three main parts: impeller, a low solidity diffuser and volute. The tip clearance is under a s pecial consideration in this design to allow impeller insensitive ness to the clearance. A three -dimensional low solidity diffuser design method is proposed and applied to this design. It is demonstrated that the design is in a great success. The design pick total to static efficiency of the compressor is about 84% and stability range is over 30%. The experimental results showed that the test results are in good agreement with the design.
Cation–anion and cation–polymer interactions in (PEO)nNaCF3SO3 (n=1–80)

Abstract Cation–anion interactions and cation–polymer interactions in the system (PEO) n NaCF 3 SO 3 (1≤ n ≤80) have been studied using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy. In the dilute salt region (80≥ n ≥50) there are predominately `free' ions and ion pairs present. However at increasing salt concentration, two aggregate species are observed. The symmetric SO 3 stretching mode of one of the aggregate species appears at a frequency which is lower than that of the `free' triflate anion (CF 3 SO 3 − ), in contrast to behavior seen in the PEO–lithium triflate system. The cation–polymer interactions in high molecular weight PEO–sodium triflate do not appear to involve a local distortion of the –O–C–C–O– torsional angle, consistent with the crystal structure reported for the compound (PEO)NaCF 3 SO 3 . However such a distortion does appear to be present in the diglyme–sodium triflate system at salt concentrations n ≤20.
Cuprous Oxide Scale up: Gram Production via Bulk Synthesis using Classic Solvents at Low Temperatures

Cuprous oxide is a p-type semiconducting material that has been highly researched for its interesting properties. Many small-scale syntheses have exhibited excellent control over size and morphology. As the demand for cuprous oxide grows, the synthesis method need to evolve to facilitate large-scale production. This paper supplies a facile bulk synthesis method for Cu₂O on average, 1-liter reaction volume can produce 1 gram of particles. In order to study the shape and size control mechanisms on such a scale, the reaction volume was diminished to 250 mL producing on average 0.3 grams of nanoparticles per batch. Well-shaped nanoparticles have been synthesized using an aqueous solution of CuCl₂, NaOH, SDS surfactant, and NH₂OH-HCl at mild temperatures. The time allotted between the addition of NaOH and NH₂OH-HCl was determined to be critical for Cu(OH)2 production, an important precursor to the final produce The effects of stirring rates on a large scale was also analyzed during reagent addition and post reagent addition. A morphological change from rhombic dodecahedra to spheres occurred as the stirring speed was increased. The effects of NH₂OH-HCl concentration were also studied to control the etching effects of the final product.
Inverse Lagrangian formulation for the deformation of hyperelastic solids

Abstract Although the field equations of solid mechanics are commonly written in the undeformed configuration, neither fundamental theories nor mathematics prohibits the analysis from being carried out in a deformed configuration. In this letter, following recent developments in inverse deformation problems, the governing equations for static hyperelasticity problems are formulated in the current configuration after deformation. An inverse mapping from the deformed geometry to the original one is solved as the unknown field. Such an approach, herein referred to as the inverse Lagrangian formulation, is exemplified with several applications in addition to the inverse problem of known deformed geometry by design and determination of the original geometry. Applications are found in steady-state fluid–structure interaction problems, such as the design of microfluidic devices. More importantly, the method is also found to be useful in analyzing mechanical instability and bifurcation problems, as the inverse mapping from a buckled state to the original remains unique.
Management of blunt pancreatic trauma in children: Review of the National Trauma Data Bank

Abstract Purpose This study aims to examine the current management strategies and outcomes after blunt pancreatic trauma in children using a national patient registry. Methods Using the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) from 2007–2011, we identified all patients ≤18years old who suffered blunt pancreatic trauma. Patients were categorized as undergoing nonoperative pancreatic management (no abdominal operation, abdominal operation without pancreatic-specific procedure, or pancreatic drainage alone) or operative pancreatic management (pancreatic resection/repair). Patient characteristics, operative details, clinical outcomes, and factors associated with operative management were examined. Results Of 610,402 pediatric cases in the NTDB, 1653 children (0.3%) had blunt pancreatic injury and 674 had information on specific location of pancreatic injury. Of these 674 cases, 514 (76.3%) underwent nonoperative pancreatic management. The groups were similar in age, gender, and race; however, pancreatic injury grade>3, moderate to severe injury severity, and bicycle accidents were associated with operative management in multivariable analysis. Children with pancreatic head injuries or GCS motor score Conclusion Although rare, blunt pancreatic trauma in children continues to be a morbid injury. In the largest analysis of blunt pancreatic trauma in children, we provide data on which to base future prospective studies. Operative management of pancreatic trauma occurs most often in children with distal ductal injuries, suggesting that prospective studies may want to focus on this group.
The Nature of Lipids

The lipid class was conceived long ago as a separate group of biochemicals that remained in the organic layer when macerated living material was partitioned between water and an organic solvent such as ether, benzene, or chloroform. This led to a simple operational definition: lipids are more soluble in organic than in aqueous media. A more important theoretical definition has emanated from these experimental parameters. Since solubility depends on the amount and kind of polar functional groups, lipids must have relatively little capacity for hydrogen bonding or dipole-dipole interactions and a large capacity for van der Waals’ interaction. Consequently, lipids are now recognized simply as molecules in which the proportion of C atoms that possess no polar functionality (OH, NH2, etc.) is large regardless of the question of solubility. The molecules may be acyclic, linear, branched, mono- or polycyclic, and what polar functions there are may be quite varied. The great interest which has developed in these substances comes from the realization that the low degree of polarity inherent in their classification is the key to their biological function. Furthermore, it has become apparent that the nonpolar parts of the molecules, i.e., the hydrophobic moieties, frequently exert their biological significance in a nonmetabolic way, as in the membranous role of fatty acids and sterols. This is in sharp contrast to the previous trend of thought in biochemistry that was focused on molecular changes associated with processes such as energy production or biosynthesis.
Differential action of l-histidinol in reovirus-infected and uninfected L-929 cells

Abstract The histidine analog l -histidinol inhibits protein synthesis in both uninfected and reovirus-infected L-929 cells with virus-directed protein synthesis persisting at concentrations of the drug which completely arrest host-specified synthesis. The basis for this difference in sensitivity was investigated by comparing the response of host- and reovirus-specific polyribosomes to treatment with l -histidinol. Polyribosomes of uninfected cells are disaggregated extensively by l -histidinol treatment. Similar treatment of reovirus-infected cells causes an accumulation of virus-specific oligoribosomes. These observations suggest that l -histidinol acts predominantly at the initiation step of protein synthesis in normal cells but predominantly at the level of elongation in reovirus-infected cells. This difference in the mode of action of the drug was substantiated by demonstrating that oligoribosomes of histidinol-treated cultures accumulate more reovirus mRNA than oligoribosomes of untreated infected cultures. Reovirus mRNAs thus appear resistant to a regulatory mechanism operative at or near the initiation stage of protein synthesis in uninfected L cells.
Continuing unsafe sex: assessing the need for AIDS prevention counseling.

Abstract To assess the need for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevention counseling for gay and bisexual men who were continuing to engage in unsafe sex, a nonprobability telephone survey--the data may not be generalizable to the population--was conducted in Seattle during March 1987. In a 4-week period, 141 callers phoned in response to local publicity and completed a 30-minute anonymous interview. This paper focuses on 106 male respondents who were behaviorally defined as gay (that is, sex during the past year exclusively with partners of the same sex, N = 74) or bisexual (sex with both men and women, N = 32). The modal respondent was a never-married white male in his thirties who had some college education and was employed full-time in a white collar occupation. The gay men were more likely than the bisexual men to report that their family members and friends knew of their sexual orientation and to indicate that they were able to discuss their concerns about unsafe sex with someone close to them. Gay men were also more likely to use condoms and to have engaged in anonymous sex during the 3 months before the interview. More gay men had engaged in unprotected receptive anal intercourse (27 percent) than had bisexual men (13 percent), and in considerably more insertive anal intercourse (42 percent versus 22 percent). Of the gay men interviewed, 73 percent indicated that they needed help in changing their high-risk sexual behaviors compared with 61 percent of bisexuals.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Some Thoughts on Science Management

Here I shall indulge myself with a bit of scientific philosophy. I do not take credit for these ideas, for they come from those who have devoted far more thought to the subject than I. However, I have assembled a few of the more profound concepts in a paper that I presented as part of the first remote sensing lecture of the AMS in Paris in 1991 (135). Perhaps the entire article will convey the intensity of my feelings for the subject, but the following selections stand on their own.
Caroline Archer and Christine Gordon, Reparenting the Child Who Hurts: A Guide to Healing Developmental Trauma and Attachments

Reparenting the Child Who Hurts: A Guide to Healing Developmental Trauma and Attachments by Caroline Archer and Christine Gordon integrates current neurobiological, physiology, and trauma research ...
Regional grey matter volume and externalizing score: Not yet related in middle childhood

Aims:Alcohol, druguse, andweaponcarryingare apublichealth concern especially among students because they can have deleterious effects on physical and mental health. This study determined the prevalence of and gender specific factors associated with these behaviors among Thai adolescent students. Methods: A cross-sectional study in high school and vocational school in Bangkok, Thailand was conducted in 2014. Self-administrated questionnaires assessed past 30 day behaviors among students between 11 and 18 years of age (2561 students from 26 schools). Results:Overall, one fourth (24.4%) of students reported past 30 day alcohol use, 2.5% reported drug use, and 7.8% reported weapon carrying. Older youth were more likely to report drinking than those younger (p< .0001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that alcohol use was almost four times higher among drug users than nondrug users (OR 3.93). Students who carried a weapon had nearly three times the risk of drinking than their counterparts (OR 2.74). Overall, females who used drugs or who carried a weapon were 7.94 and 3.15 times respectively to report drinking compared to males. All other factors adjusted for were also more strongly associated with drinking among females than males; factors include number of friends who smoke (OR 2.66 vs OR 1.77), weight issues (OR 2.10), smoking (OR 5.36 vs OR 4.59), and energy drink use (OR 3.41 vs OR 2.04). Conclusions: An increased association of drug use and weapon carrying with alcohol use was found for adolescent females in Thailand. Findings indicate gender specific interventions are needed for adolescents for these behaviors. Financial support: Financial support from the Thailand Research Fund through the Royal Golden Jubilee Ph.D. Program (Grant No. PHD/0184/2553) to On-anong Saiphoklang and Professor Kua Woongboonsin, PhD is acknowledged. And University of Florida Substance Abuse Training Center in Public Health (DA-T32035167).
Heuristic Detection Network; An Adaptive DDoS Control

Distributed denial of service (DDoS) is a crucial problem of dynamic and stochastic task environment. Most existing DDoS studies are designated for the fixed infrastructure networks. In practice, the majority of the solutions have adopted centralized defensive design and implementation strategies. In this research, a means of adaptation to DDoS detection and control is proposed as a key entity of the study with an generic event driven model for attack tree discovery and adaptive flood control algorithms without transport layer dependency. The proposed method is discussed as a Q function based learning detection. In addition, a scalable DDoS detection framework is advocated. The design and implementation of the proof of concept are deliberated.
Holographic Signing Avatars for Deaf Education

The paper describes the development and initial evaluation of an Augmented Reality (AR) system aimed at improving deaf children’s competence in mathematics. The system allows for creating 3D animated avatars that translate from spoken English to Signed English (SE) in real time. The virtual sign language interpreters, displayed as 3D holograms in a mixed reality environment, can be used in the classroom to translate in real time the math lessons delivered by the teacher, at home to facilitate communication between hearing parents and deaf children, and at home or in the lab when children interact with math digital learning materials. An initial formative evaluation with deaf students, parents and educators supports the usability and usefulness of the AR system.