cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Behavior Analysis-Based Learning Framework for Host Level Intrusion Detection

Machine learning has great utility within the context of network intrusion detection systems. In this paper, a behavior analysis-based learning framework for host level network intrusion detection is proposed, consisting of two parts, anomaly detection and alert verification. The anomaly detection module processes unlabeled data using a clustering algorithm to detect abnormal behaviors. The alert verification module adopts a novel rule learning based mechanism which analyzes the change of system behavior caused by an intrusion to determine whether an attack succeeded and therefore lower the number of false alarms. In this framework, the host behavior is not represented by a single user or program activity; instead, it is represented by a set of factors, called behavior set, so that the host behavior can be described more accurately and completely
Outcomes for Children With HL: Effects of Age of ID, Sign Support, and Auditory Prosthesis

Abstract The purpose of the project reported here was to examine the effects of three independent variables on developmental outcomes for children with hearing loss (HL): age of identification of hearing loss, whether or not spoken language input was supported with signs and whether children used hearing aids (HAs) or cochlear implants (CI). Children with and without hearing loss were tested multiple times between 12 and 48 months of age, at their 6-month birthdays. Dependent variables were selected to examine all aspects of child development: receptive and expressive language, psychosocial components of personality, deleterious behaviors, adaptive behaviors, parental language style, and levels of parenting stress. Results support several main findings: None of the independent variables had any significant effect on any dependent variable unrelated to language. Mean levels of all language skills were delayed for all groups of children with HL, even those children identified at birth with only moderate los...
n-3 PUFAs enhance the frequency of murine B-cell subsets and restore the impairment of antibody production to a T-independent antigen in obesity

The role of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on in vivo B-cell immunity is unknown. We first investigated how n-3 PUFAs impacted in vivo B-cell phenotypes and antibody production in the absence and presence of antigen compared with a control diet. Lean mice consuming n-3 PUFAs for 4 weeks displayed increased percentage and frequency of splenic transitional 1 B cells. Upon stimulation with trinitrophenylated-lipopolysaccharide, n-3 PUFAs increased the number of splenic transitional 1/2, follicular, premarginal, and marginal zone B cells. n-3 PUFAs also increased surface, but not circulating, IgM. We next tested the effects of n-3 PUFAs in a model of obesity that is associated with suppressed humoral immunity. An obesogenic diet after ten weeks of feeding, relative to a lean control, had no effect on the frequency of B cells but lowered circulating IgM upon antigen stimulation. Administration of n-3 PUFAs to lean and obese mice increased the percentage and/or frequency of transitional 1 and marginal zone B cells. Furthermore, n-3 PUFAs in lean and obese mice increased circulating IgM relative to controls. Altogether, the data show n-3 PUFAs enhance B cell-mediated immunity in vivo, which has implications for immunocompromised populations, such as the obese.
Blackhead disease: reduced sensitivity of Histomonas meleagridis to nitarsone in vitro and in vivo.

SUMMARY Histomonas meleagridis, a flagellated protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of blackhead disease or histomoniasis in gallinaceous birds. Currently nitarsone (4-nitrophenylarsonic acid) is the only approved preventative drug available in the United States against blackhead disease. Initially we tested the sensitivity of three different isolates of H. meleagridis collected from outbreaks in North Carolina (strain MNC), Michigan (strain ZM), and Georgia (strain BG) to nitarsone using in vitro culture conditions. Strain ZM and strain BG at 100 and 400 ppm showed reduced growth in comparison to their respective control groups. However, there was no inhibition of growth in strain MNC treated with nitarsone at 100 ppm, while reduced growth was seen at 400 ppm. To test the resistance of strain MNC to nitarsone in vivo, turkey poults fed a nitarsone or a control diet were inoculated cloacally with H. meleagridis. The nitarsone-treated group of birds did not show any significant difference compared to ...
The blood-brain barrier for l-Dopa in the hypothalamus

Abstract The blood-brain barrier penetration of l -Dopa was studied in the rat hypothalamus using Ro 4-4602, a Dopa-decarboxylase inhibitor. Progressive dose increases of RO 4-4602 showed that the blood-brain barrier is weaker for Dopa in the infero-medial region of the hypothalamus, which includes the ventromedial and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus. The barrier system appears to be stronger in the superior medial and lateral aspects of the hypothalamus and moderately active in the preoptic and lateral hypothalamic nuclei. Dopa penetration after decarboxylase inhibition would appear to be related to vascular density: the more richly vascularized the region, the more difficult it becomes for dopa to enter the brain parenchyma. Relative penetration of Dopa was also examined in extrahypothalamic areas such as the cortex and basal ganglia. The findings are presented in view of the possible therapeutic value of Dopa+Dopa-decarboxylase inhibition in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.
Robust Real-Time Face Tracking Using an Active Camera

This paper addresses the problem of facial feature detection and tracking in real-time using a single active camera. The variable parameters of the camera (i.e. pan, tilt and zoom) are changed adaptively to track the face of the agent in successive frames and detect the facial features which may be used for facial expression analysis for surveillance or mesh generation for animation purposes, at a later stage. Our tracking procedure assumes planar motion of the face. It also detects invalid feature points i.e. those feature points which do not correspond to actual facial features, but are outliers. They are subsequently abandoned by our procedure in order to extract ‘high level’ information from the face for facial mesh generation or emotion recognition which might be helpful for Video Surveillance purposes. The only limitation on the performance of the procedure is imposed by the maximum pan/tilt range of the camera.
Identification of a novel major histocompatibility complex class II-restricted tumor antigen resulting from a chromosomal rearrangement recognized by CD4(+) T cells.

CD4+ T cells play an important role in antitumor immune responses and autoimmune and infectious diseases. Although many major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I–restricted tumor antigens have been identified in the last few years, little is known about MHC class II– restricted human tumor antigens recognized by CD4+ T cells. Here, we describe the identification of a novel melanoma antigen recognized by an human histocompatibility leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1–restricted CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL)1363 using a genetic cloning approach. DNA sequencing analysis indicated that this was a fusion gene generated by a low density lipid receptor (LDLR) gene in the 5′ end fused to a GDP-l-fucose:β-d-galactoside 2-α-l-fucosyltransferase (FUT) in an antisense orientation in the 3′ end. The fusion gene encoded the first five ligand binding repeats of LDLR in the NH2 terminus followed by a new polypeptide translated in frame with LDLR from the FUT gene in an antisense direction. Southern blot analysis showed that chromosomal DNA rearrangements occurred in the 1363mel cell line. Northern blot analysis detected two fusion RNA transcripts present only in the autologous 1363mel, but not in other cell lines or normal tissues tested. Two minimal peptides were identified from the COOH terminus of the fusion protein. This represents the first demonstration that a fusion protein resulting from a chromosomal rearrangement in tumor cells serves as an immune target recognized by CD4+ T cells.
Increased oceanic microplastic debris enhances oviposition in an endemic pelagic insect

Plastic pollution in the form of small particles (diameter less than 5 mm)—termed ‘microplastic’—has been observed in many parts of the world ocean. They are known to interact with biota on the individual level, e.g. through ingestion, but their population-level impacts are largely unknown. One potential mechanism for microplastic-induced alteration of pelagic ecosystems is through the introduction of hard-substrate habitat to ecosystems where it is naturally rare. Here, we show that microplastic concentrations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG) have increased by two orders of magnitude in the past four decades, and that this increase has released the pelagic insect Halobates sericeus from substrate limitation for oviposition. High concentrations of microplastic in the NPSG resulted in a positive correlation between H. sericeus and microplastic, and an overall increase in H. sericeus egg densities. Predation on H. sericeus eggs and recent hatchlings may facilitate the transfer of energy between pelagic- and substrate-associated assemblages. The dynamics of hard-substrate-associated organisms may be important to understanding the ecological impacts of oceanic microplastic pollution.
A Verification of Numerical Model Forecasts for Sounding-Derived Indices above Udine, Northeast Italy

Abstract In this work, 40 different indices derived from real soundings and the corresponding ECMWF model forecasts for the same location (near Udine, northeast Italy) are compared. This comparison is repeated for more than 500 days, from June 2004 to December 2005. The comparison is performed in terms of linear correlation, bias, root-mean-square error, and relative absolute error. The results show that the quality of agreement varies considerably among the different indices and lead times. It is found that only 15 indices have strong correlations (R2 always larger than 0.5) that hold up until the fourth forecast day (+96 h). The indices having the best agreement are usually representative of the thermal fields while those having the worst agreement are usually representative of the wind fields, particularly in the low levels. It is also found that the correlations for all 40 of the indices change for the 4 times of the day (one sounding every 6 h), with the 1200 UTC comparison being usually the best one...
Long term effect of depression care management on mortality in older adults: follow-up of cluster randomized clinical trial in primary care

Objective To investigate whether an intervention to improve treatment of depression in older adults in primary care modified the increased risk of death associated with depression. Design Long term follow-up of multi-site practice randomized controlled trial (PROSPECT—Prevention of Suicide in Primary Care Elderly: Collaborative Trial). Setting 20 primary care practices in New York City, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh, USA, randomized to intervention or usual care. Participants 1226 participants identified between May 1999 and August 2001 through a two stage, age stratified (60-74; ≥75 years) depression screening of randomly sampled patients; enrollment included patients who screened positive and a random sample of patients who screened negative. Intervention For two years, a depression care manager worked with primary care physicians in intervention practices to provide algorithm based care for depression, offering psychotherapy, increasing antidepressant dose if indicated, and monitoring symptoms, adverse effects of drugs, and adherence to treatment. This paper reports the long term follow-up. Main outcome measure Mortality risk based on a median follow-up of 98 (range 0.8-116.4) months through 2008. Results In baseline clinical interviews, 396 people were classified as having major depression, 203 had clinically significant minor depression, and 627 did not meet criteria for depression. At follow-up, 405 patients had died. Patients with major depression in usual care were more likely to die than were those without depression (hazard ratio 1.90, 95% confidence interval 1.57 to 2.31). In contrast, patients with major depression in intervention practices were at no greater risk than were people without depression (hazard ratio 1.09, 0.83 to 1.44). Patients with major depression in intervention practices, relative to usual care, were 24% less likely to have died (hazard ratio 0.76, 0.57 to 1.00; P=0.05). Preliminary data on cause of death are provided. No significant effect on mortality was found for minor depression. Conclusions Older adults with major depression in practices provided with additional resources to intensively manage depression had a mortality risk lower than that observed in usual care and similar to older adults without depression. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT00000367.
High-resolution EUV imaging using high harmonic generation

We use a simple set-up consisting of two multilayer mirrors and a hollow fiber EUV light source to obtain high-resolution EUV images. Magnifications of X20 and X50 are demonstrated
Insulin regulation of sugar transport in isolated pancreatic acini from diabetic mice

Insulin-stimulated sugar transport was studied in isolated pancreatic acini prepared from streptozotocintreated mice. In this tissue, insulin increased the uptake of two nonmetabolized D-glucose analogues, [3H] 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG), and [3H]3-O-methyl-D-glucose (30MG), but had no effect on the uptake of [3H] L-glucose. A significant effect of insulin on 2DG uptake was seen at 100 pM, whereas a maximal effect required a concentration of 100 nM. The action of insulin on 2DG uptake was time-dependent; 90 min was required for a maximal hormonal effect. This increase in 2DG uptake was due to a greater than twofold increase in the maximal rate of uptake (Vmax); no significant effects were seen on Km. The mode of insulin action on sugar transport was investigated further. In pancreatic acinar cells, insulin did not alter either membrane potential or 45Ca2+ efflux, two proposed mechanisms for regulation of sugar transport in other tissues. The action of insulin was not due to either contamination with cholecystokinin (CCK) or an action via the CCK receptor. CCK is known to stimulate sugar transport in isolated pancreatic acini via the elevation of intracellular Ca2+. The effect of insulin on 2DG uptake, however, was additive to that of CCK; conversely, dibutyryl cyclic GMP, a known competitive antagonist of CCK, had no effect on insulin stimulation of 2DG uptake, insulin increased 2DG uptake in the presence of 10 μM puromycin, a concentration sufficient to inhibit greater than 90% of protein synthesis. Dihydrocytochalasin B, a compound known to alter acinar cell motility by disrupting microfilaments, progressively blocked insulin stimulation of 2DG uptake over a drug concentrationrange of 1–15 μg/ml These data suggest, therefore,that the time-dependent increase of sugar transport by insulin is unrelated to electrical potential, 45Ca2+ efflux, and new protein synthesis, but may result from a microfilament-related translocation of glucose carrier sites to the plasma membrane.
Model Components: Variables, Objectives, and Constraints

A Pyomo model is populated with modeling components that define model data, as well as model structures like objectives, and constraints. This chapter describes the Pyomo classes for modeling components that define variables, objectives and constraints, which are the core components needed to define a Pyomo model.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Lung Cancer Surgical Stage: An STS Database Study.

Background Racial and ethnic differences in lung cancer care have been previously documented. These differences may be related to access to care, cultural differences, or fewer patients presenting with operable lung cancer. The relationship between race and pathologic stage of patients who undergo lung cancer resection has not been defined. This study estimates racial disparities in lung cancer stage among patients who undergo surgical resection. Methods The Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) database was queried for patients who underwent resection of non-small cell lung cancer and had complete pathologic staging and racial identification. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Study end point was the pathologic stage and we evaluated its association with the racial and ethnic origins of the patients. Results Of 19,173 eligible patients with non-small cell lung cancer of known pathological stage who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2008, the majority were Caucasian (17,148, 89.4%), 1,502 (7.8%) were African–American, 273 (1.4%) were Asian, and 250 (1.3%) were Hispanic. In univariate analysis, significantly more Caucasian and African–American patients underwent resection of stage I/II lung cancer (13,929, 81.2% and 1,217, 81%, respectively) as compared with the Asian (207, 75.2%) and Hispanic (188, 75.8%) patients ( p = 0.007). Stage at operation did not differ between Caucasians and African–Americans. Multivariate analysis confirmed these findings ( p = 0.03) after adjustment for age, gender, tobacco use, diabetes, and year of surgery. Conclusion Within the STS database, patients identified as Asian or Hispanic had a significantly higher pathologic stage at the time of resection than Caucasian or African–American patients. The causes of these differences in the treatment of potentially curable lung cancer are unknown and require further investigation.
Molecular Recognition of Lys and Arg Methylation.

A network of reader proteins and enzymes precisely controls gene transcription through the dynamic addition, removal, and recognition of post-translational modifications (PTMs) of histone tails. Histone PTMs work in concert with this network to regulate gene transcription through the histone code, and the dysregulation of PTM maintenance is linked to a large number of diseases, including many types of cancer. A wealth of research aims to elucidate the functions of this code, but our understanding of the effects of PTMs, specifically the methylation of lysine (Lys) and arginine (Arg), is lacking. The development of new tools to study PTMs relies on a sophisticated understanding of the mechanisms that drive protein and small molecule recognition in water. In this review, we outline the physical organic concepts that drive the molecular recognition of Lys and Arg methylation by reader proteins and draw comparisons to the binding mechanisms of small molecule receptors for methylated Lys and Arg that have been...
A Model of Charge-Transfer Excitons: Diffusion, Spin Dynamics, and Magnetic Field Effects.

In this Letter, we explore how the microscopic dynamics of charge-transfer (CT) excitons are influenced by the presence of an external magnetic field in disordered molecular semiconductors. This influence is driven by the dynamic interplay between the spin and spatial degrees of freedom of the electron–hole pair. To account for this interplay, we have developed a numerical framework that combines a traditional model of quantum spin dynamics with a stochastic coarse-grained model of charge transport. This combination provides a general and efficient methodology for simulating the effects of magnetic field on CT state dynamics, therefore providing a basis for revealing the microscopic origin of experimentally observed magnetic field effects. We demonstrate that simulations carried out on our model are capable of reproducing experimental results as well as generating theoretical predictions related to the efficiency of organic electronic materials.
Peritrophic Envelopes of Lutzomyia spinicrassa (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The secretion, morphology, and chemical composition of the peritrophic envelope were studied in the phlebotomine sand fly, Lutzomyia spinicrassa Morales, OsornoMesa, Osorno & Hoyos, a suspected vector of Leishmania braziliensis in Colombia and Venezuela. Viewed under light microscopy, the envelope matured rapidly and could be dissected from the blood bolus as early as 12 h and until 36 h after feeding; subsequently it began to degrade. The envelope was initially a closed sac around the blood meal, but opened posteriorly in most flies by 6 h. The posterior opening may facilitate the migration and establishment of Le. braziliensis in the hindgut. Secretion of envelope precursors was from the entire midgut epithelium. Electron microscopy revealed that electron-dense precursor material (possibly chitin) was present, bathing the microvilli during the first 12 h after blood feeding. This secretion appeared to originate from the bases of the microvilli. From 1 to 36 h, an electron-lucid precursor material (possibly protein) was secreted from the entire length of microvilli and from their bases. Both precursors appeared to be formed at the epithelial surface, not associated with secretory vesicles. The envelope developed rapidly from precursor material, and by 6 h a defined electron-lucid structure was present above the microvilli. Most mature envelopes (12-36 h) were 0.5-2.1 micrometers thick, multilayered, wholly electron-lucid, and composed of microfibrils and granules. Electron-dense components were seen in some envelopes at 24-36 h. An anterior hyaline plug was present from 12 to 36 h. Envelopes were composed of chitin, protein, and glycoprotein, based on chemical and histochemical tests. The likely presence of several amino acids (lysine, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid) that may cross-link chitin and protein was demonstrated by a positive ninhydrin-Schiff test. This study constitutes the first ultrastructural investigation of peritrophic envelope development by a New World sand fly.
Age and alpha-2 adrenergic regulation of plasma norepinephrine kinetics in humans.

To investigate whether the age-related elevation of plasma norepinephrine (NE) is due to impaired alpha-2 adrenergic inhibition of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) outflow, arterialized plasma NE kinetics were measured before and 120 to 140 min after 1.5 and 5.0 micrograms m/kg oral clonidine in 6 old (57 to 78 years) and 8 young (25 to 39 years) normotensive male volunteers. Baseline plasma NE levels were higher in old compared with young men (M +/- SEM, 355 +/- 58 vs. 197 +/- 22 pg/ml, p less than .02). Clonidine produced significant (p less than .05) dose-related reductions in plasma NE, NE appearance rate, NE clearance, and mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in both groups. There was no difference between old and young men in response to low dose clonidine. Following the higher dose, both groups had similar suppression of plasma NE (-51 +/- 7% vs. -58 +/- 2%, p greater than .05) and NE appearance (-60 +/- 6% vs. -62 +/- 2%, p greater than .05), but older men had a greater fall in NE clearance (-20 +/- 2% vs. -10 +/- 1%, p less than .003) and MAP (-28 +/- 3% vs. -10 +/- 4%, p less than .006). These findings suggest that sensitivity to alpha-2 receptor-mediated suppression of plasma NE and NE appearance is not diminished in elderly men.
Orbit-spin coupling and the circulation of the Martian atmosphere

Abstract The physical origins of the observed interannual variability of weather and climate on Mars are poorly understood. In this paper we introduce a deterministic physical mechanism that may account for much of the variability of the circulation of the Mars atmosphere on seasonal and longer timescales. We focus on a possible coupling between the planetary orbital angular momentum and the angular momentum of the planetary rotation. We suspect that the planetary atmosphere may participate in an exchange of momentum between these two reservoirs. Nontrivial changes in the circulation of the atmosphere are likely to occur, as the atmospheric system gains and loses angular momentum, during this exchange. We derive a coupling expression linking orbital and rotational motions that produces an acceleration field varying with position and with time on and within a subject body. The spatially and temporally varying accelerations may interfere constructively or destructively with large-scale flows of geophysical fluids that are established and maintained by other means. This physical hypothesis predicts cycles of intensification and relaxation of circulatory flows of atmospheres on seasonal and longer timescales that are largely independent of solar forcing. The predictions of this hypothesis may be tested through numerical modeling. Examples from investigations of the atmospheric circulation of Mars are provided to illustrate qualitative features and quantitative aspects of the coupling mechanism proposed.
Training increases collateral-dependent muscle blood flow in aged rats

The potential for physical training to enhance collateral-dependent blood flow (BF) to the hindlimbs of aged male rats (Fischer 344) was evaluated following bilateral femoral artery ligation at 20....
NUCLEOCYTOPLASMIC INTERACTIONS DURING THE DIFFERENTIATION OF ORAL STRUCTURES IN STENTOR COERULEUS.

Abstract Differentiation of the oral apparatus in the heterotrich ciliate Stentor coeruleus is accompanied by striking changes in macronuclear morphology. The macronucleus normally exists as a chain of nodes, but during oral differentiation it coalesces into a rounded, irregular mass in the center of the cell, then elongates into a long rod, and finally renodulates. The technique of nuclear transplantation has been used to analyze each one of these macronuclear changes in terms of nucleocytoplasmic interactions. Macronuclei in various morphological states were transferred into atypical cytoplasmic environments. The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the three changes in macronuclear morphology which accompany oral differentiation are regulated by a corresponding sequence of cytoplasmic states, all of which are experimentally distinguishable from conditions prevailing in the cytoplasm of the non-differentiating cell. Various properties of these nucleocytoplasmic interactions have also been analyzed by nuclear transplantation. Among the findings are evidence that the nucleus cannot respond immediately to the cytoplasmic change initiating its coalescence and that it cannot complete coalescence or elongation in the absence of the cytoplasmic conditions which initiate these processes. The results are discussed with regard to their implication for the control of nuclear morphology and function in ciliates and metazoan cells.
Nutrition and oxidative drug metabolism in man: relative influence of dietary lipids, carbohydrate, and protein.

Effects of an increase in dietary lipid content relative to protein or carbohydrate, and consequences of an alteration in dietary fatty acid composition on oxidative metabolism of drugs in man were examined. Two studies were carried out in healthy subjects fed carefully controlled solid food diets. In the first, the isocaloric substitution of fat for carbohydrate produced little or no statistically significant change in the mean plasma half-lifes (t½s), apparent volumes of distribution (aVD), or metabolic clearance rates (MCR) of antipyrine (t½, 12.3 ± 0.5 hr and 11.7 ± 0.6 hr on the high carbohydrate and high fat diets, respectively) or theophylline (t½, 7.9 ± 0.4 hr on both diets) after periods of 10 to 14 days on each diet; but when intake was changed to a high protein diet metabolism rates for both drugs were greater than on either the high fat or the high carbohydrate diet in that mean plasma antipyrine t½ decreased to 9.9 ± 0.5 hr and theophylline t½ to 5.8 ± 0.3 hr, with increases in MCR for both drugs. In the second study, which was carried out with 9 subjects on high fat and high carbohydrate diets, the isocaloric substitution of either saturated fat (butter) or polyunsaturated fat (corn oil) for carbohydrate (without changing total protein content) produced no significant changes in rates of metabolism of these drugs, whereas the alterations in dietary fatty acid composition produced expected changes in plasma concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides. Our observations suggest that protein, when substituted for either dietary carbohydrate or lipid, has a clear inducing influence on oxidative drug metabolism in man, and the degree of fatty acid unsaturation has little or no effect on rates of metabolism of these drugs despite marked changes in plasma lipids.
Life in the Fast Lane: Arab Women in Science and Technology

Images of Middle Eastern women in the Western media tend toward the exotic, erotic, or abject. The women are often styled as the victims of patriarchal institutions and depicted as in need of being...
Range Livestock Production, Food, and the Future

A Perspective: Ranching and farming systems could soon drastically change because of rising world population, depletion of water supplies, agricultural land loss to urbanization, fossil fuel depletion, and concerns about food health DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v31i6_Holecheck
Toward a portable, self-administered critical flicker frequency test

The UbiComp community's research in mental health has often focused on depression, but we believe there are many additional opportunities. As participants in this workshop, we will present our initial work to create a portable and self-administered version of the Critical Flicker Frequency (CFF) test. We focus on hepatic encephalopathy, but the test has potential for long-term self-monitoring in a variety of conditions impacting mental health, including cerebro-organic syndromes, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, chronic fatigue, and testing of psychoactive drugs. CFF can detect transient effects on the brain and retina which serve as indicators for the above conditions. However, commercial devices for performing the CFF test are expensive and unwieldy. This limits clinical availability of CFF testing, prevents frequent self-administered testing, and reduces access. We explore the possibility of an affordable and portable device for self-administered CFF testing, implemented using commodity components paired with a mobile phone app. Such a device surfaces many future research challenges analogous to those in other areas of mental health. As background for discussions in this workshop, we discuss our initial exploratory design efforts and potential future steps for the project.
Improving the scan statistic to design sensor detection systems

When designing a sensor system to detect a target emitter in a large region of interest, it is desirable to use a fusion rule that avoids fusing strong measurements from sensors close to the emitter with weak measurements from sensors far from the emitter. To satisfy this criterion, the system designer may use a fusion rule based on the scan statistic. While this rule offers improved detection performance over other rules, this paper shows that its performance suffers when the scanning process encounters a varying number of sensors. In order to mitigate this degradation, it is proposed here that the fusion rule be based on a normalized scan statistic.
Moving Toward Consensus Terminology in Ophthalmic Practice

The dual purposes of this review are to point out inherent problems in communication due to lack of consensus terminology, and to review preferred ophthalmic terms or to suggest others in order to improve eye care. With advances in informatics and the ongoing evolution of modern health care delivery, a common lexicon will also improve basic research and clinical outcomes. It is hoped that this paper will raise awareness of these issues and open profession-wide discussion with the ultimate goal of improving medical communication for ophthalmic patient care.
Your Practical Survival Guide to Surgical Internship

There is a lot of anxiety in medical school regarding internship, especially surgical internship. Internship is your introduction to medical responsibility. After four years of developing your interview and examination skills, as well as increasing your fund of medical knowledge, you are ready for real patients. Internship is easy if you are diligent and reliable. The anxiety over internship results from translating theoretical knowledge into practical skill, while “doing no harm.” Do not fear. It is not as hard as you think. Some sage words from my general surgery chief the day before internship sum it up: “Do what you are told; anticipate what you will be told; and, if you find yourself thinking ‘independently,’ call someone.” You know a lot as an intern! Use the team and the hospital to your advantage and your transition to responsibility will be easy. Maybe with these ten tips and tricks I found useful during my internship in your pocket, you can get some sleep as well.
Congressional Authority to Pass Concealed Carry Reciprocity Legislation

Congress is considering passage of national concealed carry legislation requiring all states to recognize concealed weapon licenses issued by any state, rather like the way that every state recognizes driver’s licenses issued by another state. Are there any constitutional problems with such legislation? What practical problems might result? This paper seeks to answer those questions.
Island-arc evolution and fracture-zone tectonics in the Mesozoic Sierra Nevada, California, and implications for transform offset of the Sierran/Klamath convergent margins

In the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada of California, an early Mesozoic island-arc terrane, composed of Jurassic plutonic and volcanic rocks of the Smartville, Slate Creek, and Lake Combie complexes, tectonically overlies a late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic melange with a continental margin affinity. Fragments of this N/S-trending arc terrane are bounded to the east by E-directed thrust faults that are in turn cut by E-dipping folds and reverse faults, and to the north by the E/W-trending Big Bend fault zone. Triassic to lower Jurassic amphibolite-grade mafic-ultramafic rocks within this fault zone form discontinuous and dismembered exposures of an ophiolite complex that demonstrates an origin within an oceanic fracture zone. This fracture zone is interpreted as part of a tectonic boundary at the northern edge of the early Mesozoic island-arc terrane. Eastward thrusting and accretion of the arc complex onto the continental margin may have occurred around Middle Jurassic time, as suggested by a 165 ± 2 Ma stitching pluton. The presence of Upper Jurassic dikes and plutons that intrude the Smartville complex indicates a post-accretion intrusive event and in situ rifting within the arc. This Late Jurassic intra-arc rifting and magmatism in the northwestern Sierra Nevada was coeval with development of the Josephine back-arc basin and its ophiolite in the western Klamath Mountains, suggesting a period of regional extension and associated magmatism in the western United States. The regional extension was followed by a contractional episode, known as the Late Jurassic Nevadan orogeny, during which the Upper Jurassic and older rocks in both regions were deformed. The nature and chronologyof early Mesozoic tectonic and magmatic events in the northern Sierra Nevada are similar to those documented in the Klamath Mountains, indicating a common tectonic history for both regions. We suggest that a trench/trench/transform-fault plate boundary may have separated the early Mesozoic arc-trench systems of the northern Sierran and western Klamath provinces.
Lane-change social behavior generator for autonomous driving car by non-parametric regression in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space

Nowadays, self-driving cars are being applied to more complex urban scenarios including intersections, merging ramps or lane changes. It is, therefore, important for self-driving cars to behave socially with human-driven cars. In this paper, we focus on generating the lane change behavior for self-driving cars: perform a safe and effective lane change behavior once a lane-change command is received. Our method bridges the gap between higher-level behavior commands and the trajectory planner. There are two challenges in the task: 1) Analyzing the surrounding vehicles' mutual effects from their trajectories. 2) Estimating the proper lane change start point and end point according to the analysis of surrounding vehicles. We propose a learning-based approach to understand surrounding traffic and make decisions for a safe lane change. Our contributions and advantages of the approach are: 1 Considers the behavior generator as a continuous function in Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space (RKHS) which contains a family of behavior generators; 2 Constructs the behavior generator function in RKHS by non-parametric regressions on training data; 3 Takes past trajectories of all related surrounding cars as input to capture mutual interactions and output continuous values to represent behaviors. Experimental results show that the proposed approach is able to generate feasible and human-like lane-change behavior (represented by start and end points) in multi-car environments. The experiments also verified that our suggested kernel outperforms the ones which were used in a previous method.
Associação entre estados afetivos negativos e comportamentos sexuais de risco

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, atraves da revisao da literatura, a associacao entre estados afetivos negativos (e.g., depressao, ansiedade) e comportamentos sexuais de risco. Verificou-se que alguns estudos indicam uma associacao entre problemas ao nivel da saude mental e/ou estados afetivos negativos e comportamentos sexuais de risco. Atraves da revisao da literatura concluiu-se que os estados afetivos negativos como a depressao, a ansiedade, e as experiencias traumaticas se encontram associadas com comportamentos sexuais de risco e tem sido alvo de pouca atencao por parte da comunidade cientifica.
Religion and Partisan‐Ideological Sorting, 1984–2016*

Objective This article explores how religion affects the extent to which individuals connect their ideological to partisan identities—a process termed partisan‐ideological sorting. Method To explore this relationship, I analyze data from the American National Election Studies (ANES) Time‐Series surveys and the Youth‐Parent Socialization (YPS) panel study. Results I find that a matrix of belief, belonging, and behavior constrains the convergence between citizens’ political identities, with one important caveat: evangelical affiliation functions as the primary conduit through which religiosity shapes this sorting. Building on these results, I then estimate the direct impact of religion on sorting over time. Conclusion These findings show that religion has produced asymmetric sorting in the mass public among persons with right‐leaning identities. Further, they provide a social explanation for partisan‐ideological sorting that complements extant institutional ones.
Race and Sex Differences in Correlates of Systolic Blood Pressure in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: To describe correlates of measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) among community-dwelling older African American and White Medicare beneficiaries. Methods: Participants completed an in-home assessment and factors significantly correlated with SBP were tested using multivariable models. Results: Among the 958 participants (mean age= 75.3 [SD = 6.8]; 49% African American; 49% female; 52% rural) African Americans were more often diagnosed with hypertension, more likely on anti-hypertensives, and on more anti-hypertensive medications. SBP was 2.7 mmHg higher in African Americans than Whites (p=.03). SBP was higher in women than men. Multivariable models revealed differences in the factors associated with SBP by race/sex specific groups. Having a history of smoking and reports of being relaxed and free of tension were associated with higher SBP among African American men. Discussion: Although more likely prescribed anti-hypertensives, mean SBP was higher for older African Americans than Whites. Results support the hypothesis that behavioral and psychosocial factors are more important correlates of SBP levels among older African Americans than among Whites.
Resting of pigs and hot-fat trimming and accelerated chilling of carcasses to improve pork quality

Market pigs (n = 120) were rested 0, 1, 2, or 3 h before slaughter. One carcass side was hot-fat trimmed (HFT) immediately after dressing, and the other was not fat trimmed (NFT). Sides received conventional chilling (CC) or accelerated chilling (AC) in a freezer at -32 degrees C for 100 min. Skin temperatures of live pigs decreased 5 degrees C during 3 h of rest, and resting reduced muscle temperature at .5 and 1.5 h postmortem. Early postmortem muscle pH was .3 higher if pigs were rested up to 2 h if CC was used (P < .01). Resting pigs 2 h decreased loin purge about 1% and increased cured ham yields 6% over those not rested. The AC carcasses had about .15 higher muscle pH from 4.5 to 24 h postmortem than CC carcasses (P < .03). The AC improved loin quality about 15% and lowered L values of loins and hams about 4% (P < .04). The AC substantially reduced the incidence of unacceptable quality in loins and hams, with the most effect on hams, and slightly toughened loin muscles but not cured ham muscles. Resting of pigs and AC of carcasses gave superior color of loin chops at d 0 of retail display and lowered L values during display. The HFT process improved ham quality scores about 8% but not loin scores. Resting pigs for 2 h, AC, and HFT in concert or separately are effective means of improving pork quality; AC had by far the greatest effect.
Multivariate Process Variability Monitoring Through Projection

﻿A linear process model is often built to connect the multivariate quality measurements with a set of fixed assignable causes. The column space of this model provides a subspace for projection and subsequent monitoring of a shift in the mean. However, s..
Immunochemistry of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

In states of gestational trophoblastic disease, knowledge of the immunochemistry of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is principally of value in relation to its use as a diagnostic tool and as a marker for the persistence of disease activity during chemotherapy (1, 2). Since these data are usually obtained through immunoassay of the hormone or its subunits, we have chosen to focus this review on that background information which relates to immunochemical recognition of the hormone. Numerous other summaries are available dealing with the biological role of the hormone and its action at target organ receptors (3-5).
Do High Frequency Trading Firms Provide Two-Sided Liquidity?

High-frequency trading (HFT) firms are commonly thought of as the new market makers, although, unlike traditional dealers, they have no affirmative obligation. The authors investigate the quality of HFT-provided liquidity by focusing on whether HFT firms make, with reasonable consistency, two-sided markets. They find that HFT and non-HFT firms contribute approximately equally to liquidity creation, HFT is mostly two-sided, and non-HFT is more one-sided. For the authors’ sample, the two-sided liquidity provision of HFT firms was directed mainly at volatile, large-cap stocks, and it declined sharply during extreme events (i.e., mini flash crashes). Thus, HFT firms appear to be quite selective as market makers.
Constitutionalizing administrative law in the Indian Supreme Court: Natural justice and fundamental rights

The Indian Supreme Court faces the challenge of reconciling a long tradition of common law adjudication on administrative matters, with a constitutionally entrenched Bill of Rights. This article examines the Court’s jurisprudence on one aspect of judicial review that encapsulates the difficulties this challenge presents: the use of uncodified administrative law “principles of natural justice” in conducting judicial review for violation of constitutional rights. I present the broad claim that the Indian Supreme Court’s erratic attempts to incorporate the principles of natural justice into constitutional rights has led to an unpredictable and often erratic form of judicial review. As the distinction between standards of administrative review and constitutional review diminish, leading to a “constitutionalized administrative law,” this doctrinal confusion endangers both the consistency of administrative adjudication and the enforcement of fundamental rights. A resolution for this confusion must come from a more thoughtful and consistent jurisprudence by the Court.
Plus Disease in Telemedicine Approaches to Evaluating Acute-Phase ROP (e-ROP) Study: Characteristics, Predictors, and Accuracy of Image Grading.

Purpose To describe characteristics and predictors of plus disease, and the accuracy of image grading for plus disease in the e-ROP Study. Design Secondary analyses of data from 13 North American centers. Participants Premature infants with birth weight (BW) Methods Infants underwent regularly scheduled diagnostic examinations by ophthalmologists and digital imaging by trained imagers using a wide-field digital camera. Two masked nonphysician trained readers independently evaluated images for posterior pole abnormality (normal, preplus, plus), with discrepancies adjudicated by a reading supervisor. Logistic regression models were used to determine predictors for plus disease. The sensitivity and specificity of image grading for plus disease were calculated using the clinical examination finding as reference standard. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios (OR), sensitivity, and specificity. Results Among 1239 infants (mean BW 864 g, mean gestational age [GA] 27 weeks), 129 infants (10%) (226 eyes, 75% bilateral) had plus disease from clinical examination. When plus disease was first diagnosed in clinical examination at median postmenstrual age (PMA) of 36 weeks (range: 32–43 weeks), 94% to 96% of plus occurred in the superior or inferior temporal quadrant. Significant predictors for plus disease from multivariate analysis were as follows: GA (OR = 3.2 for ≤24 vs. ≥28 weeks, P = 0.004), race (OR = 2.4 for white vs. black, P = 0.01), respiratory support (OR = 7.1, P = 0.006), weight gain (OR = 1.5 for weight gain ≤12 vs. >18 g/day, P = 0.03), and image findings at the first image session, including presence of preplus/plus disease (OR = 2.7, P = 0.003), ROP stage (OR = 4.2 for stage 3 ROP vs. no ROP, P = 0.006), and blot hemorrhage (OR = 3.1, P = 0.003). These features predicted plus disease with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.89 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.85–0.92). The image grading using preplus as the cut point had sensitivity of 94% (95% CI: 90%–97%) and specificity of 81% (95% CI: 79%–82%) for detecting plus disease in an eye. Conclusions Among e-ROP infants, plus disease developed in 10% of infants at a median PMA of 37 weeks, with the majority being bilateral and mostly in the superior or inferior temporal quadrant. GA, race, respiratory support, postnatal weight gain, image findings of the posterior pole, and ROP predict development of plus disease. Nonphysician image grading can detect almost all plus disease with good specificity.
Flux capacitors for JavaScript deloreans: approximate caching for physics-based data interaction

Interactive visualizations have become an effective and pervasive mode of allowing users to explore the data in a visual, fluid, and immersive manner. While modern web, mobile, touch, and gesturedriven next-generation interfaces such as Leap Motion allow for highly interactive experiences, they pose unique and unprecedented workloads to the underlying data platform. Usually, these visualizations do not need precise results for most queries generated during an interaction, and the users require the intermediate results as feedback only to guide them towards their goal query. We present a middleware component - Flux Capacitor, that insulates the backend from bursty and query-intensive workloads. Flux Capacitor uses prefetching and caching strategies devised by exploiting the inherent physics-metaphor of UI widgets such as friction and inertia in range sliders, and typical characteristics of user-interaction. This enables low interaction response times while intelligently trading off accuracy