cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Polar planets around highly eccentric binaries are the most stable

We study the orbital stability of a non-zero mass, close-in circular orbit planet around an eccentric orbit binary for various initial values of the binary eccentricity, binary mass fraction, planet mass, planet semi--major axis, and planet inclination by means of numerical simulations that cover $5 \times 10^4$ binary orbits. For small binary eccentricity, the stable orbits that extend closest to the binary (most stable orbits) are nearly retrograde and circulating. For high binary eccentricity, the most stable orbits are highly inclined and librate near the so-called generalised polar orbit which is a stationary orbit that is fixed in the frame of the binary orbit. For more extreme mass ratio binaries, there is a greater variation in the size of the stability region (defined by initial orbital radius and inclination) with planet mass and initial inclination, especially for low binary eccentricity. For low binary eccentricity, inclined planet orbits may be unstable even at large orbital radii (separation $> 5 \,a_{\rm b}$). The escape time for an unstable planet is generally shorter around an equal mass binary compared with an unequal mass binary. Our results have implications for circumbinary planet formation and evolution and will be helpful for understanding future circumbinary planet observations.
When the King Turns Jester: A Carnivalesque Analysis of Police Outreach on Social Media in Kerala

As bureaucratic organizations enter social media spaces for public outreach, the organization of their communication assumes forms more suited to the needs, requirements and tastes of a digital society. Successfully interacting with new media users requires that the organization shed bureaucratic formality and appropriate a social media personality, with its language and viral digital artefacts. The study examines the digital approach of the Kerala Police in its use of memes based on popular Malayalam cinema, a sub-literacy that the bureaucracy shares with the public. Using a mix of interpretive examination of memes and interviews with the police, we use a carnivalesque frame to highlight ways in which the Kerala Police subverts the negative discourses related to police identity and police-public interaction through comic memes. We propose that the choice of a means of outreach that has a greater affective impact on the middle-classes, rather than the poor, offers insight into a specific moment in state-citizen relations where a bureaucratic organization’s use of technology becomes the means of defining its approachability. This case also highlights the prerogative institutions have in creating solid online presences to deal with new forms of informational attacks that are enabled by viral social media.
Relational Turbulence and Perceptions of Social Network Support for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

A wealth of research indicates that social support positively influences parental and family well-being in families of children with disabilities; however, not all supportive efforts are positively...
Endoscopic Endonasal Transclival Odontoidectomy for Basilar Invagination: Operative Video and Technical Nuances.

Basilar invagination is a congenital or acquired craniovertebral junction abnormality where the tip of the odontoid process projects through the foramen magnum which can cause severe symptomatic compression of the brainstem and spinal cord. If left untreated, patients can develop progressive quadriparesis. Traditionally, basilar invagination can be treated with cervical traction and posterior stabilization. However, in irreducible cases, anterior decompression via a transoral or endonasal approach may be necessary. In this operative video, we demonstrate an endoscopic endonasal transclival approach for odontoidectomy to successfully treat a 37-year-old female with severe basilar invagination causing symptomatic compression on the cervicomedullary junction resulting in unsteady gait and motor weakness. The patient had Klippel–Feil syndrome where the C1 arch was assimilated to the foramen magnum and transclival drilling was needed to adequately access the odontoid process for removal. A second-stage posterior occipitocervical stabilization and fusion was performed the following day. Immediate postoperative imaging showed excellent decompression of the cervicomedullary junction. Postoperatively, the patient had significant improvement in gait and motor strength in all extremities, and was ambulating independently without assistance at 1 year after surgery. The endoscopic endonasal transclival odontoidectomy is a useful strategy to treat severe irreducible basilar invagination causing symptomatic neural compression. The surgical technique and nuances are described in a step-by-step fashion in this illustrative operative video. The link to the video can be found at: https://youtu.be/HL4K7KqJEJM.
Mortgage Broker Loan Pricing Leading Up to the Financial Crisis: Were Yield Spread Premiums the Only Problem?

This article examines mortgage broker pricing in New York during the years leading up to the financial crisis. Broker compensation practices in 2005 through 2007, primarily the use of yield spread ...
Sex Specific Utilization and Outcomes in Patients Receiving Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Devices

Purpose We explored if utilization of continuous flow (CF-LVADS) has increased amongst females in the age of new-generation devices, which are smaller and more durable. We also compared outcomes between female and male CF-LVAD recipients. Methods The Interagency Registry for Mechanically Assisted Circulatory Support (INTERMACS) was queried to identify 20,324 CF-LVAD recipients from June 2008 to December 2017, of which 4350 (21.4%) were female and 15,974 (78.6%) were male. Survival was compared after propensity matching for age ≥ 50 yr, heart failure etiology, body surface area, INTERMACS class, co-morbidities, device strategy as destination or bridge to transplant therapy, temporary mechanical circulatory support, and device type. Results In 2008, women made up 22.5% of CF-LVAD recipients but that decreased to 20.9% in 2016 (Figure 1a). After propensity matching, baseline characteristics were comparable between 2463 females and 3925 males with the exception of mean right atrial pressure / pulmonary capillary wedge pressure which was higher in women (0.50 vs 0.45, p Conclusion Women with heart failure are far less likely to receive CF-LVADs and despite propensity matching, women are more likely to present with right heart failure at time of implantation. The higher mortality risk may be due to women presenting with more advanced heart failure at time of referral for CF-LVAD.
Genome Sequence of the Type Strain Azospira restricta SUA2 (DSM 18626).

Azospira restricta SUA2T (DSM 18626) is a Gram-negative-staining bacterium able to fix nitrogen and accumulate polyhydroxybutyrate storage granules. Here, we report the complete genome sequence (3,975,213 bp with 68.64 mol% G+C content), which may prove useful in future efforts to assess the role of Azospira in nutrient cycling.
System identification methods for dynamic models of brain activity

Abstract Objective There is a broad need to better understand the dynamics of neural activity in both space and time. Rigorous modeling methods are needed to improve the analysis of brainwave dynamics. Two system identification algorithms, Output Only Modal Analysis (OMA) and Dynamic Mode Decomposition (DMD), are modified for use on neural dynamics and compared. An example application is included. Methods The system identification methods are applied to estimate state space models for neural dynamics. The modeling technique results in a reduced order modal decomposition of the behavior of the brain. The resultant eigenmodes can be non-orthogonal and complex, capturing the emergent space time dynamics. We apply the modeling method to the Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological Signals (DEAP) and the EEG Motor Movement/Imagery Dataset (EEGMMI) in a biosecurity application. Results It is shown that there are common modes shared among all subjects, regardless of stimuli. Further, the modal decompositions may be used to distinguish subjects from one another in a subject identification biosecurity task. The accuracy of the OMA eigenmode model is 100%, while the accuracy of the DMD eigenmode model is 96%. Conclusion Output only system identification techniques are an appropriate rigorous modeling method for EEG data. The structured modeling procedure offers new opportunities for cognitive modeling and affective computing.
Biophilic LEED Eco High-Rise Residential Building in Chicago

The world population is increasing at a fast rate and the projection is that there will be more than 12 billion people by the year 2050. It is also expected that at least 70% of the population will reside in urban areas (mostly cities), in some sort of multi-story residential towers. At the same time, the climate is rapidly changing to the worst result of man-made global warming. Conceivably, energy conservation and environmentally friendly accommodations are necessary to facilitate sustainable and resilient built environments. The role of architects/planners is paramount at this critical time in the history of mankind; for one thing they are responsible for the planning and design of the buildings. More and more buildings are being designed following LEED certification standards. As such, these buildings are defined as sustainable, primarily because they are energy efficient and, in many cases, tend to minimize the use of fossil fuel and promote the use of renewable and clean energy. However, some concerns have been raised for quite some time now, that the so-called design of green buildings lacks the human connection with nature to address health problems. Recently, significant research work connecting Biophilia to ecology has led to a wonderful design approach termed Biophilic design, which focuses on the enhancement of the physical and psychological connection with nature for occupant health as well as energy efficiency. Such a design approach has been successfully applied to low-rise buildings. The intent of this research proposal is to integrate Biophilic design with LEED design requirements to develop a truly sustainable design for high-rise buildings. The success of the method will depend on developing criteria to overlap the quantitative nature of the LEED requirements with the qualitative nature of the Biophilic design parameters.
Analysis of the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing/sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the methodologies used in the analysis of the secretory process in the exocrine pancreas by two-dimensional isoelectric focusing (IEF) electrophoresis. The complete separation of exocrine pancreatic proteins achieved by two-dimensional IEF/sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis allows the precise measurement of biosynthesis of individual secretory proteins. Around 95% of the radioactivity that is incorporated into soluble pancreatic proteins appears in the two-dimensional spots characterized as secretory proteins. In an experiment reported in the chapter, guinea pig pancreatic lobules were incubated with [ 35 S] methionine for 15 minutes and rapid freezing in liquid nitrogen terminated the incorporation of radioactive methionine. The tissue was then homogenized in 1% Triton X-100 and 25 m M Tris, pH 9.0 and proteins contained in tissue homogenates were separated by two-dimensional IEF/SDS gel electrophoresis. Coomassie Blue stained spots characterized as secretory proteins or unstained regions of the gel representing short-lived precursor forms were then removed from the second-dimension gel and dissolved in hydrogen peroxide, and radioactivity associated with their spots was quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. Thus, the effect of carbamylcholine stimulation on the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)-directed synthesis of the selected guinea pig pancreatic secretory proteins is discussed in the chapter.
Editorial: Continuing the Dialogue on Technology and Mathematics Teacher Education

We are keenly aware of the need for educators at all levels to use technology to design and structure learning environments for students. Teacher educators are poised to assist pre and inservice teachers to take advantage of emergent technology for learning and teaching by modeling the infusion of technology into the curriculum and by helping teachers consider issues related to such infusion. According to the National Educational Technology Standards for Teachers (International Society for Technology in Education, 2000), “School and college of education coursework must consistently model exemplary pedagogy that integrates the use of technology for learning content with methods for working with PK-12 students” (p. 6-7).
Progesterone receptors - animal models and cell signaling in breast cancer: Implications for breast cancer of inclusion of progestins in hormone replacement therapies

Progestins are included in menopausal hormone replacement therapy to counteract the increased risk for endometrial cancer associated with estrogen replacement therapy. Studies of hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer risk and of changes in mammographic density according to different regimens of hormone replacement therapy suggest that, for the most part, estrogen–progestin replacement therapy has a more adverse effect on breast cancer risk than does estrogen replacement therapy. Many questions remain unresolved, however, including risk associated with different regimens of estrogen–progestin replacement therapy, and whether the effects vary according to tumor characteristics, such as histology, extent of disease, and hormone receptor status.
A comparative study of the classical and cervical cesarean sections at the Brooklyn Hospital in a series of 164 cases

Abstract Cesarean section in this series resulted in a high maternal mortality. This may be due to the relatively large number of classical operations performed. During the past four or five years we have done fewer classicals and more cervical sections, and this has resulted in a definitely lower maternal mortality. In this group the more serious complications such as ileus, pulmonary embolism, thrombophlebitis of the veins of the leg, peritonitis and intestinal obstruction occurred relatively more frequently following the classical operation. There were eight deaths all of which followed the classical operation. Sections were done for 3 ruptured uteri all of which were subsequent to previous classical operations. Two patients were operated upon for acute intestinal obstruction during the post-partum period because of bands of adhesions. Two other patients developed acute intestinal obstruction due to adhesions some time after discharge from the hospital. All of these occurred after classical sections. It appears that the troublesome adhesions are more likely to develop following the classical operation.
Nitrite Reductase of Escherichia coli Specific for Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

Kemp, John D. (University of California, Los Angeles), and Daniel E. Atkinson. Nitrite reductase of Escherichia coli specific for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. J. Bacteriol. 92:628-634. 1966.-A nitrite reductase specific for reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH(2)) appears to be responsible for in vivo nitrite reduction by Escherichia coli strain Bn. In extracts, the reduction product is ammonium, and the ratio of NADH(2) oxidized to nitrite reduced or to ammonium produced is 3. The Michaelis constant for nitrite is 10 mum. The enzyme is induced by nitrite, and the ability of intact cells to reduce nitrite parallels the level of NADH(2)-specific nitrite reductase activity demonstrable in cell-free preparations. Crude extracts of strain Bn will also reduce hydroxylamine, but not nitrate or sulfite, at the expense of NADH(2). Kinetic observations indicate that hydroxylamine and nitrite may both be reduced at the same active site. The high apparent Michaelis constant for hydroxylamine (1.5 mm), however, seems to exclude hydroxylamine as an intermediate in nitrite reduction. In vitro activity is enhanced by preincubation with nitrite, and decreased by preincubation with NADH(2).
Brain control of functional reach in healthy adults and stroke survivors.

Purpose: Recovery of the most basic shoulder-flexion/elbow-extension components of functional reach is critical for effective arm function following stroke. In order to understand the mechanisms of motor recovery, it is important to characterize the pattern of brain activation during the reach task. Methods: We evaluated 11 controls and 23 moderately to severely impaired chronic stroke survivors (>6 months), with impaired shoulder flexion and elbow extension. Measures were acquired for Arm Motor Ability Test (AMAT) and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) during the basic shoulder/elbow reach. Results: First, in controls, lateralization of fMRI signal during the reach task was less pronounced in comparison to other tasks, and even further diminished after stroke (p < 0.05). Second, for the stroke group, centroid locations, for specific ipsilesional (contralateral to working limb) motor-sensory regions and for contralesional (ipsilateral to working arm) somatosensory and SMA regions, were significantly more distant from the centroid location of average healthy controls (p < 0.05). Third, both greater activation volume and greater degree of signal intensity were correlated with better motor function in stroke survivors. Conclusions: These findings can be useful in guiding the development of more targeted brain training methods for recovery of impaired reach coordination.
Why we should transfer frozen instead of fresh embryos: the translational rationale

Epidemiologic studies have shown an increased rate of adverse perinatal outcomes, including small for gestational age (SGA) births, in fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles compared with frozen embryo transfer cycles. This increase is not seen in the donor oocyte population, suggesting that it is the peri-implantation environment created after superovulation that is responsible for these changes. During a fresh IVF cycle, multiple corpora lutea secrete high levels of hormones and other factors that can affect the endometrium and the implanting embryo. In this review, we discuss both animal and human data demonstrating that superovulation has significant effects on the endometrium and embryo. Additionally, potential mechanisms for the adverse effects of gonadotropin stimulation on implantation and placental development are proposed. We think that these data, along with the growing body of epidemiologic evidence, support the proposal that frozen embryo transfer should be considered preferentially, particularly in high responders, as a means to potentially decrease at least some of the adverse perinatal outcomes associated with IVF.
Effect of 1,10-phenanthroline on drug oxidizing enzymes of rat liver microsomes

Summary In rats treated with varying doses of 1,10-phenanthroline the activity of aniline hydroxylase, morphine demethylase and the amount of cytochrome P 450 , aniline binding to the cytochrome and protein in liver microsomes were studied. A close correlation was found between the dose of the chelating agent and the activity of both microsomal oxidases. Single or few injections inhibited the activity of both enzymes without affecting the amount of cytochrome P 450 . Several injections at relatively high dose induced the cytochrome amount and significantly increased the binding of aniline to cytochrome P 450 and stimulated the activity of drug oxidizing system. The results are discussed in referrence to the protective effect of 1,10-phenanthroline against ethionine or dimethylnitrosamine induced liver injury.
Discrete Circuit Optimization

As part of the Physical Design process for digital circuits, the design is mapped to the cells from a given standard cell library. These libraries contain many different variants of each logical function that may vary in transistor widths, lengths, and threshold voltages. Choosing the right cell for each gate in the design is the discrete gate sizing and threshold assignment problem. Discrete gate sizing and threshold assignment are some of the most powerful and commonly used methods for optimizing power/performance/area in digital circuits. Discreteness of the problem makes it computationally difficult and has attracted significant research attention over the past three decades. Discrete Circuit Optimization: Library Based Gate Sizing and Threshold Voltage Assignment surveys this field, providing the background needed to understand the problem and perform research in the area. Concepts such as standard cell libraries, static timing analysis, and analytical delay and power models are explained, along with examples and data to help understand the tradeoffs involved. Popular classes of sizing algorithms are explained and comparative results are provided to show the current state of the field. This is an ideal reference text for graduate students and researchers in electronic design automation, and physical designers looking to improve the performance of their designs.
Energetics of breath-hold hunting: modeling the effects of aging on foraging success in the Weddell seal.

A simulation model was developed to predict age-related changes in foraging energetics of individual Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii. Aging in diving animals is interesting because their characteristic cyclic sequence of apneustic hunting and eupnea should elevate oxidative stress, possibly accelerating aging. Such a hypothesis can be evaluated by modeling energetics of constrained, time-partitioned activities with well-defined costs. Three possible consequences of physiological aging in divers were specified and appraised. The model examined the potential impacts of age-related decline in muscle contractile ability, increased buoyancy, and reduced aerobic dive limit, alone and in combination, on a daily energy budget. A uniform age effect evident in model outputs is reduced foraging efficiency. The components of this net effect are exacerbated for sub-optimal behavioral-response settings or environmental conditions. The model predicts that with advancing age, efficiency declines increase for aging scenarios in the following order: simulated ‘young’ adults; ‘old’ seals with increased buoyancy; ‘old’ seals with reduced aerobic dive limit; ‘old’ seals having reduced muscle contractile efficiency; and, ‘old’ seals with all three conditions. The model indicates narrowed behavioral options to maintain positive energy balance in older animals, suggesting that behavioral plasticity may not allow older animals to compensate for age-related performance constraints.
Relationships and the Research Process: Participatory Action Research and Social Work

ABSTRACT Social science research methods are experiencing a paradigm shift in that participatory research methods, in many cases relegated to second-class status, are gaining credibility as valid and legitimate ways to engage in scholarly and solid research. In social work, participatory research is one more way social workers can engage with participants as partners in the process of generating knowledge and transforming society. This article discusses a particular type of participatory research called Participatory Action Research (PAR). PAR is explained and an example of how PAR has been used is offered. This article offers a discussion of how PAR is consistent with the core values of social work, especially those values of partnership, relationship, and social change. Finally, the article offers social work researchers a framework for engaging in liberatory research.
Dividing attention across feature dimensions in statistical processing of perceptual groups

Statistical processing has been shown in the perception of several visual dimensions, including size, speed, direction of motion, and orientation. Chong and Treisman (2005) found no decrement when people simultaneously averaged two sets on a single dimension, size. What happens when attention is divided between different dimensions? In two experiments, we investigated judgments of mean size and speed, either within the same objects or in two separate sets. In a third, we examined judgments of mean size and orientation in two different sets. All three experiments suggest a decrement in performance when attention is shared between two dimensions, especially when they are carried by two different sets of objects.
Neonatal screening for alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency.

The Oregon State Public Health Laboratory screened 107,038 newborn infants between 1971 and 1974 to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency. The screening program was based upon an assay of the total trypsin inhibitory activity in dried blood specimens collected on filter paper from infants during the first week of life and again from 75% of the same infants at four to six weeks of age. Twenty-one homozygous-deficient (PiZ) infants were identified, an incidence of one in 5,000. Of the 18 infants studied and followed, only one had neonatal hepatitis; five had hepatomegaly or biochemical abnormalities or both, indicating hepatic damage. Presently, the children range from three to six years of age; all are asymptomatic. Four of them have mild hepatomegaly and biochemical evidence of liver damage. As a result of family studies, four homozygous-deficient (PiZ) siblings were identified. One child had evidence of mild hepatic dysfunction, but the other three were clinically and biochemically normal. Nine of the 21 PiZ infants detected were missed on the initial sample, but identified on the four to six week sample. If a screening method based upon TIA is to be utilized, these results indicate that a repeat screening specimen should be obtained at four to six weeks of age. Newborn screening for alpha 1 -antitrypsin deficiency is not warranted at this time in view of the low frequency of significant pulmonary or hepatic involvement in childhood and the absence of specific therapy for this condition.
Computing power series in polynomial time

It is shown that if a real-valued function | is polynomial-time computable on [a, b], with a < 0 < b, and is analytic at 0, then the Taylor coefficients of | at 0, as a sequence of real numbers, is polynomial-time computable.
A neuropeptide in mammalian tissues with physalaemin-like immunoreactivity.

Erspamer et al.1–3 isolated several structurally related non-mammalian peptides, termed tachykinins2,3, with biological activities similar to substance P (refs 2, 3). This similarity is due to a common COOH-terminal region2,3, whereas the specific action of each member of the group depends on its unique NH2-terminal sequence3–6. Based on these properties, parallel bioassays using numerous smooth muscle preparations and physiological parameters allow them to be generally distinguished2,3,6. However bioassays are time consuming and not highly specific. Thus, we developed a rapid physalaemin-specific radioimmunoassay that led to the initial discovery of a substance in mammalian tissues with an immunoreactivity resembling that of the original amphibian peptide7. We now present data on the distribution, localization and partial characterization of physalaemin-like immunoreactivity (PSLI) in tissues of several mammalian species.
Polyfluorenes Containing Dibenzo[a,c]phenazine Segments: Synthesis and Efficient Blue Electroluminescence from Intramolecular Charge Transfer States

Five new conjugated copolymers of 9,9‘-dioctylfluorene and dibenzo[a,c]phenazine were synthesized by Suzuki copolymerization and were used to achieve efficient blue electroluminescence (EL) from intramolecular charge-transfer excited states. The copolymers had moderate molecular weights (Mw = 31 250−71 120, Mw/Mn = 2.06−3.48) and enhanced glass-transition temperature of 68−130 °C. Intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) between the fluorene and dibenzo[a,c]phenazine moieties dominated the ground and excited-state electronic structures of the copolymers, as evidenced by the new low-energy absorption band and the strong positive solvatochromism in photoluminescence (PL). The copolymers emitted blue light in dilute toluene solutions with PL quantum yields of 43−80% as the composition was varied from 2 to 20 mol % dibenzo[a,c]phenazine. Blue EL from ICT excited states of the copolymers was achieved in light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with luminances of 1260−4600 cd/m2 and external quantum efficiencies of 0.47−2.89% ...
Brief A practical method for analyzing the stability of neutral type LTI-time delayed systems

A new paradigm is presented for assessing the stability posture of a general class of linear time invariant-neutral time delayed systems (LTI-NTDS). The ensuing method, which we name the direct method (DM), offers several unique features: It returns the number of unstable characteristic roots of the system in an explicit and non-sequentially evaluated function of time delay, @t. Consequently, the direct method creates exclusively all possible stability intervals of @t. Furthermore, it is shown that this method inherently verifies a widely accepted necessary condition for the @t-stabilizability of a LTI-NTDS. In the core of the DM lie a root clustering paradigm and the strength of Rekasius transformation in mapping a transcendental characteristic equation into an equivalent rational polynomial. In addition, we also demonstrate by an example that DM can tackle systems with unstable starting posture for @t=0, only to stabilize for higher values of delay, which is rather unique in the literature.
Is α/β for prostate tumors really low?

Abstract Purpose: Brenner and Hall’s 1999 paper estimating an α/β value of 1.5 Gy for prostate tumors has stimulated much interest in the question of whether this ratio (of intrinsic radiosensitivity to repair capacity) is much lower in prostate tumors than in other types of tumors that proliferate faster. The implications for possibly treating prostatic cancer using fewer and larger fractions are important. In this paper we review updated clinical data and present somewhat different calculations to estimate α/β. Methods and Materials: Seventeen clinical papers published from 1995 to 2000 were reviewed to obtain estimates of biochemical control from radiotherapy alone using external beam, I-125 implants, or Pd-103 implants. The focus was on intermediate risk patients. Three methods of estimating α/β were employed. First, a simple two-step graphical comparison of isoeffective doses from external beam and implant modalities was made, to see which value of α/β predicted the observed identity of biologic effect. Second, the same data were subjected to Direct Analysis (maximum likelihood estimation), from which an estimate of α/β and also of the T 1 2 of repair of sublethal damage in the tumors (both with confidence intervals) were obtained. Third, preliminary clinical data comparing two different sizes of high-dose boost doses were analyzed in which significantly different bNED was observed at 2 years. Results: The second method gave the definitive result of α/β = 1.49 Gy (95% CI 1.25–1.76) and T 1 2 = 1.90 h (95% CI 1.42–2.86 h). The first method gave a range from 1.4 to 1.9 Gy and showed that if mean or median dose were used instead of prescribed dose, the estimate of α/β would be substantially below 1 Gy. The third method, although based on early follow-up, was consistent with low values of α/β in the region of 2 Gy or below. The estimate for T 1 2 is the first value reported for prostate tumors in situ. Conclusions: All the estimates point toward low values of α/β, at least as low as the estimates of Brenner and Hall, and possibly lower than the expected values of about 3 Gy for late complications. Hypofractionation trials for intermediate-risk prostatic cancer appear to be indicated.
Characterization of doped Nd-based superconductors

Y-, Dy-, and Gd-doped neodymium (Nd) superconductors (RE/sub 0.1/Nd/sub 0.9/Ba/sub 2/minus//Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/) exhibited sharp resistivity transitions at 92 K. DC susceptibility measurements gave a common curve with diamagnetic onsets at 93 K and transitions complete at /approximately/ 50 K. Lattice constants for an assumed orthorhombic structure were calculated from X-ray diffraction measurements. These values were used to create a simulated diffraction pattern with 2/theta/ values and relative intensities that agreed well with observed values. Oxygen contents determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis, ranged from 14.7 to 15.1 /plus minus/ 0.1 wt % (6.59 /le/ y in O/sub y/ /le/ 6.73). This range of oxygen content for YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub y/ gives /approximately/ 50-60 K transitions in marked contrast to the 92 K (midpoint) values for the materials of this study.
Gypsy/Ty3-class retrotransposons integrated in the DNA of herring, tunicate, and echinoderms

Eight new examples of retrotransposons of the Gypsy/Ty3 class have been identified in marine species. A 525-nt pol gene-coding region was amplified using degenerate primers from highly conserved regions and has extended the range of recognition of Gypsy/Ty3 far beyond those previously known. The following matrix shows the percentage AA divergence of the translations of this segment of the pol gene coding region. Spr2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, sea urchin 39 Por2 Pisaster ochraceus, starfish 46 45 Cprl Clupea pallasi, herring 51 52 41 Cirl Ciona intestinalis, tunicate bar52 49 49 55P. orchraceus, starfish 55 60 60 62 62 Spr3 S. purpuratus, sea urchin 55 61 60 63 61 24 Tgrl*Tripneustes gratilla, sea urchin 56 61 60 63 58 26 27 Lvrl*Lytechinus variegatus, sea urchin 57 62 60 64 62 27 10 29 Sprl*S. purpuratus58 61 62 65 61 15 27 30 31 Spr4S. purpuratus 72 72 74 75 72 73 72 72 73 72 Por3 P. ochraceus The underlines separate three groups of retrotransposons that can be recognized on the basis of this amino acid sequence. The new upper group shows surprising amino acid sequence similarity among members from the DNA of herring, sea urchin, starfish, and a tunicate. For example, the herring element differs by only 41 % from the Ciona element and 46% from the sea urchin element. The group between the lines includes members close to previously known elements (marked by asterisks) and has so far been found only in sea urchins. The two upper groups differ from each other by 55–60% and yet members of both groups (e.g., Sprl and Spr2) are integrated into the DNA of one species-S. purpuratus. Below the lower underline is listed the only known representative of a very distant group, which occurs in starfish DNA. In spite of large divergence, amino acid sequence comparisons indicate that all of the elements shown in the array are members of the LTR-containing class of retrotransposons that includes Gypsy of Drosophila and Ty3 of yeast. Of all known mobile elements this class shows the closest sequence similarity to retroviruses and has the same arrangement of genes as simpler retroviruses.
Test techniques used by nasa for investigating dynamic stability characteristics of v/stol models

The three techniques covered in the paper are 1) the free-flight technique for studies of the motions of remotely controlled models with complete freedom, 2) the control-line technique for studies of the longitudinal motions of laterally restrained models, and 3) the forced-oscillation method for quantitative determination of the dynamic stability derivatives. The test techniques and hardware used in the tests are described, but the emphasis is placed on the use of the various techniques, with illustrations of the types of results that have been obtained. The two flight techniques are particularly valuable in providing an over-all view of the basic characteristics of a configuration. The test results are usually qualitative, but very often they outline quickly the areas of satisfactory behavior as well as areas in which further research is needed to produce acceptable flight behavior. In cases where some improvement in flight behavior is required, the changes can be made very quickly and cheaply at model scale, and the effects of the changes can then be evaluated rapidly by subsequent flight tests. Correlation between model tests and experience with full-scale aircraft has proven to be very good, as long as proper consideration is given to Reynolds number effects. The forced-oscillation tests are made to provide dynamic stability derivatives for theoretical analyses and simulator studies.
Subsurface microscopy of multilayered integrated circuits

We demonstrate 325nm lateral spatial resolution while imaging metal structures located inside the interconnect layer of a multilayered integrated circuit.
High-intensity ras signaling induces premature senescence by activating p38 pathway in primary human fibroblasts

Although oncogenic ras plays a pivotal role in neoplastic transformation, it triggers an anti-oncogenic defense mechanism known as premature senescence in normal cells. In this study, we investigated the induction of cellular responses by different expression levels of oncogenic ras in primary human fibroblasts. We found that a moderate, severalfold increase in ras expression promoted cell growth. Further elevation of ras expression initially enhanced proliferation but eventually induced p16INK4A expression and senescence. The induction of these opposing cellular responses by ras signals of different intensity was achieved through differential activation of the MAPK pathways that mediated these responses. Whereas moderate ras activities only stimulated the mitogenic MEK-ERK pathway, high intensity ras signals induced MEK and ERK to higher levels, leading to stimulation of the MKK3/6-p38 pathway, which had been shown previously to act downstream of Ras-MEK to trigger the senescence response. Thus, these studies have revealed a mechanism for the differential effects of ras on cell proliferation. Furthermore, moderate ras activity mediated transformation in cooperation with E6E7 and hTERT, suggesting that a moderate intensity ras signal can provide sufficient oncogenic activities for tumorigenesis. This result also implies that the ability of ras to promote proliferation and oncogenic transformation can be uncoupled with that to induce senescence in cell culture and that the development of tumors with relatively low ras activities may not need to acquire genetic alterations that bypass premature senescence.
Catechol derivatives of Group 4 and 5 compounds

Abstract The structural modifications of Group 4 and 5 metal alkoxides using the bidentate catechol (C6H3(OH)2-1,3 = cat-H2) have been investigated. From the reaction of [Ti(μ-ONep)(ONep)3]2 (ONep = OCH2CMe3), [Zr(μ-OPri)(ONep)3 · HONep]2(OPri = OCHMe2), Hf(OEt)4 (OEt = OCH2Me) with 2 equivalents, and M(OEt)5 (M = Nb or Ta) with 3 equiv. of cat-H2 in pyridine (py), the complete removal of alkoxide ligands and isolation of the first neutral catechol derivatives of the Group 4 and 5 species were observed. The corresponding catechol derivatives were structurally characterized as: Ti3(μ3-O)(μ-cat)3(cat)(cat-H)2 (1), Zr4(μ4-O)(μ-cat)6(μ-cat-H)2(py)4 (2), Hf4(μ4-O)(μ-cat)6(μ-cat-H)2(py)4 (3), M(cat)2(cat-H)(py) (M = Nb (4); Ta (5)). Compound 1 is trinuclear with each octahedrally bound metal center having three chelating and three chelating bridging cat ligands, along with a μ3-O ligand, to form a corner-missing cube arrangement. Based on charge balance, two of the cat ligands must retain a hydrogen atom (cat-H). The congeners 2 and 3 adopt similar structures wherein each of the metal centers is eight coordinated, adopting a dodecahedral-like geometry. The metals are joined by a μ4-O ligand and each cation uses two chelating cat ligands to bridge to two other metal centers as well as coordinating a single py ligand. Again, based on charge balance, two of the ligands must be cat-H ligands. Compounds 1–3 are insoluble at room temperature in their parent solvent. Compounds 4 and 5 are mononuclear wherein each metal center formally adopts a seven coordination capped-trigonal prism involving three chelating catechol ligands, with one being cat-H, along with a coordinated pyridine ligand. Multinuclear NMR data indicate that the structures of 4 and 5 are retained in solution. TGA/DTA data indicated that compound 1 is a reasonable precursor for nanoparticles. 1 was used to generate nanoparticles of TiO2 from benzylalcohol.
A Geographic Automata Model of Residential Mobility

In this paper is described a model of residential mobility, built to simulate individual households, their perception of and reaction to varying conditions across different scales of interaction, and their movements to occupy housing in a physical, social, and economic environment. The methodology underpinning the model is based on an automata core, which leverages the advantages it offers in terms of representing individual entities and their rule-based interactions. This methodology is extended, however, to incorporate geography-specific functionality, with advantages for the modeling of human systems. The applicability of the methodology is demonstrated through the development of a rich model of residential mobility, in which individual households interact with other households and real-estate infrastructure, dynamically in space and time, to form synthetic communities and artificial property submarkets. Use of the model for what-if experimentation is demonstrated with synthetic economic and sociodemog...
Survey of thermography in electronics inspection

This paper reviews applications of infrared thermal signature techniques to detection of faults and defects on electronics boards. Issues essential to the successful application of infrared techniques to electronics manufacturing and circuit card maintenance are investigated. These issues include basic know-how such as scanning time interval and screening variables; a description of the types of defects and faults these methods have been used to detect; and a comparison of infrared thermal imaging and other detection means such as X-ray and functional testers. The paper concludes with a summary of potential problems and remedies. Future directions include design for infrared diagnosis and development of integrated testing techniques for detection and root-cause analysis.
The effect of numerical errors and turbulence models in large-eddy simulations of channel flow, with and without explicit filtering

Turbulent channel flow simulations are performed using second- and fourth-order finite difference codes. A systematic comparison of the large-eddy simulation (LES) results for different grid resolutions, finite difference schemes, and several turbulence closure models is performed. The use of explicit filtering to reduce numerical errors is compared to results from the traditional LES approach. Filter functions that are smooth in spectral space are used, as the findings of this investigation are intended for application of LES to complex domains. Explicit filtering introduces resolved subfilter-scale (RSFS) as well as subgrid-scale (SGS) turbulence terms. The former can be theoretically reconstructed; the latter must be modelled. The dynamic Smagorinsky model, the dynamic mixed model, and the new dynamic reconstruction model are all studied. It is found that for explicit filtering, increasing the reconstruction levels for the RSFS stress improves the mean velocity as well as the turbulence intensities. When compared to LES without explicit filtering, the difference in the mean velocity profiles is not large; however the turbulence intensities are improved for the explicit filtering case.
Effect of dactinomycin on estrogen-induced uterine glycogen.

SummaryTo determine whether or not RNA synthesis has a role in uterine glyco-gen deposition due to estrogen stimulation, ovariectomized rats were injected with either dactinomycin, estrogen, or estrogen plus dactinomycin. The antibiotic was administered 30 min prior to estrogen and the rats were killed 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr after hormone treatment. The results show that uterine glycogen is significantly increased at 6 and 8 hr, preceded by an increase in RNA synthesis. The estrogen-induced uterine glycogen is significantly suppressed by the anti-biotic at 6 and 8 hr after the initial hormone treatment. The data indicate that RNA has a major role in the deposition of estrogen-induced uterine glycogen.
Antiproliferative activities and SAR studies of substituted anthraquinones and 1,4-naphthoquinones

STAT3 is constitutively active in a large variety of cancers. The search for STAT3 inhibitors led to the discoveries of LLLs 3 and 12, which are substituted anthraquinones. LLL12 is an extremely potent compound that exhibits high levels of antiproliferative activity. Herein the synthesis and evaluation of compounds containing either an anthraquinone or 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety are reported. Analogs were evaluated in several cancer cell lines. Interestingly, it was found that the anthraquinones did not follow the same trends as the 1,4-naphthoquinones in regards to potency. LLL12, which contains a sulfonamide at position 1, was found to be the most potent of the anthraquinones. In contrast, the methyl ketone and methyl ester derivatives (LLLs 3.1 and 5.1) were found to be the most potent of the 1,4-naphthoquinones. Selected 1,4-naphthoquinones were also evaluated in the STAT3 fluorescence polarization assay in order to evaluate their abilities to bind to the STAT3 SH2 domain. They were found to have similar affinities, and their activities suggest that STAT3 is one of their molecular targets.
Comprehensive vision care in urban communities: the pediatric outreach program.

Abstract Background The Illinois College of Optometry's (ICO) Pediatric Outreach Program (POP) provides comprehensive vision care for high-risk children from birth to approximately 5 years of age in partnership with early intervention programs throughout the city of Chicago. Grant funds assisted in the ability to deliver vision services and spectacles to uninsured children. This report describes the structure and organization of the POP and presents the visual data. Methods Comprehensive eye examinations were performed on 4,298 children ages birth to approximately 5 years at 76 early intervention program sites. All of the children evaluated were enrolled from early intervention/Head Start programs. Visual acuity determination (by Lea method), assessment of binocular status, stereopsis evaluation, cycloplegic retinoscopy, and ocular health evaluations were performed. As necessary, eyeglasses were prescribed. Amblyogenic risk factors, strabismus, and ocular pathology were identified. Results Of the 4,298 children examined, 49% were boys and 51% were girls. Two percent were younger than 12 months old, 6% were 1.1 to 2 years old, 12% were 2.1 to 3 years, 30% were 3.1 to 4 years, 35% were 4.1 to 5 years, 14% were 5.1 to 6 years, and 1% were older than 6 years. Hyperopia and emmetropia were the most common refractive classifications among the children examined. Approximately 6.5% had risk factors for isometropic amblyopia, and 2.3% had risk factors for anisometropic amblyopia. Approximately 1% of the children had strabismus. Less than 1% of the children examined were identified with ocular pathology. Spectacles were dispensed to 16.6% of the children examined. Conclusions The Pediatric Outreach Program provides early identification and treatment of abnormal visual conditions, ensuring that children have maximal visual acuity and visual function. The educational aspects of the program have also contributed to its successes. Education for parents and early intervention agency staff promote the importance of comprehensive vision examinations for children 5 years of age and younger.