cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Submandibular venous malformation phleboliths mimicking sialolithiasis in children

Objectives/Hypothesis Salivary gland stones (sialoliths) are a common cause of salivary gland enlargement, but such stones are uncommon in children. Low-flow vascular malformations of the head and neck region may develop phleboliths. Phleboliths within a venous malformation may be mistaken for a salivary stone given the similar calcified nature and location. We present two children who were referred to us for evaluation of submandibular gland sialoliths but were found to have venous malformations containing phleboliths. Multiple calcifications, calcifications > 1 cm, within a soft tissue mass separate from the substance of the submandibular gland suggest a diagnosis, of phleboliths within a venous malformation as opposed to a sialolith. Laryngoscope, 124:2826–2828, 2014
The respiratory response to heat shock in Neurospora crassa

A sharp decrease in oxygen uptake occurred in Neurospora crassa cells that were transferred from 30°C to 45°C, and the respiration that resumed later at 45°C was cyanide-insensitive. Energization of mitochondria, measured in vivo with fluorescence microscopy and a carbocyanine dye, also declined sharply in cells at 45°C. Electron microscopy showed no changes in mitochondrial complexity; however, the cytoplasm of heat-shocked cells was deficient in glycogen granules.
The Initial Psychotherapy Interview with Adolescent Clients

Initial psychotherapy sessions with adolescents can be very challenging due to the need to balance assessment, relationship building, caretaker/parent management, and case formulation with a client population that sometimes has little motivation for psychotherapy. This article combines empirical evidence, theoretical knowledge, and clinical experience to describe strategies for how psychotherapists can prepare themselves for initial psychotherapy sessions and manage tasks associated with five stages of the clinical interview: (a) the introduction, (b) the opening, (c) the body, (d) the closing, and (e) termination. Using case vignettes and short examples, there is an emphasis on how psychotherapists can develop and maintain a strong therapeutic alliance while simultaneously helping adolescent clients focus on psychotherapy tasks and goals. The overall goal of this article is to help psychotherapists smoothly navigate the potentially stormy stages of the initial clinical interview with adolescents.
Five to 10 MA experiments using flat plate explosive generators

High explosive pulsed power (HEPP) techniques can address a wide range of pulsed power needs. The basis for HEPP techniques is the use of high explosives to reduce the inductance of a current-carrying circuit, thus multiplying the current due to magnetic flux conservation. For the past twenty years at Los Alamos, the authors' high energy density physics (HEDP) program has followed a path leading to more sophisticated and higher current (and often power) systems. Twenty years ago, they had the capability of conducting tests at 10, or even 30 MA, with no power conditioning and low inductance loads. The time scale of the experiment was the time it took to compress the flux explosively, and their fastest generator with high current capability was a plate generator. The operating time of the generator is less than 15 /spl mu/s, and flux loading requires either an additional /spl sim/60 /spl mu/s or a reduced-efficiency inductive coupling scheme. They could also deliver shortened pulses to select loads by completing their generator circuit, initially, with a relatively high inductance circuit element, then switching in a lower inductance with 2-3 /spl mu/s left of the generator pulse.
Mixing from Fickian diffusion and natural convection in binary non-equilibrium fluid phases

A two-dimensional (2-D) model that describes mass transport between non equilibrium gas and liquid phases of a binary non polar mixture in a closed system of fixed volume and temperature is presented. Diffusion, convective mass transport due to compressibility and non ideality, and the motion of the interface upon evaporation and dissolution are accounted. Natural convection in both phases is incorporated, which allows to study the effect of density increase in the liquid phase from gas dissolution. The Peng-Robinson equation of state is used to calculate the densities and the fugacities needed to find the interfacial composition consistent with local chemical equilibrium. The results obtained with a one-dimensional model was compared to our 2-D results, showing that natural convection influences the mixing time drastically. In the liquid bulk phase, convective flux is much higher than diffusive flux. Across the interface, diffusive flux is, however, the dominating flux, which allows accurate measurement of diffusion coefficients at high pressure in 2-D domains. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Evaluating two new methods for capturing large wetland birds

Waterbird research increasingly involves capturing birds to measure attributes of individuals and for attachment of telemetry devices, but there are few established techniques for capturing wading birds away from their nests. We describe the construction and testing of a new trapping technique for wading birds based on a small flip trap. Our trap was developed to capture wading birds in the Florida Everglades in water less than 30 cm deep, but could also be used to capture other waterbirds and upland species. The primary advantages of this new trap design are its ability to be easily concealed, ability to selectively capture birds, low injury rate, ease of resetting the trap after captures, minimal training requirements for operator, capacity to be fired remotely, and moderate cost. We also evaluated the effectiveness of using a net gun to capture wading birds in wetlands. Our results demonstrated that the net gun was the most effective method for capturing large numbers of wading birds, however, the modified flip trap provides a safer alternative that may be appropriate for endangered species. SINOPSIS. Evaluacide dos mpara capturar aves grandes en anegados La investigaci´ on con aves deanegadas muchas veces envuelve el capturar las aves para tomarles medidas morfomo para colocarles aparatos utilizados en radiotelemetrSin embargo, hay pocas medidas establecidas para capturar aves zancudas lejos de sus nidos. Describimos la construcciy la puesta a pruebas, de una nueva t´ para atrapar aves grandes vadeadoras, basado en una peque˜
The Arabidopsis F-Box Protein SLEEPY1 Targets Gibberellin Signaling Repressors for Gibberellin-Induced Degradation

The nuclear DELLA proteins are highly conserved repressors of hormone gibberellin (GA) signaling in plants. In Arabidopsis thaliana, GA derepresses its signaling pathway by inducing proteolysis of the DELLA protein REPRESSOR OF ga1-3 (RGA). SLEEPY1 (SLY1) encodes an F-box-containing protein, and the loss-of-function sly1 mutant has a GA-insensitive dwarf phenotype and accumulates a high level of RGA. These findings suggested that SLY1 recruits RGA to the SCFSLY1 E3 ligase complex for ubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. In this report, we provide new insight into the molecular mechanism of how SLY1 interacts with the DELLA proteins for controlling GA response. By yeast two-hybrid and in vitro pull-down assays, we demonstrated that SLY1 interacts directly with RGA and GA INSENSITIVE (GAI, a closely related DELLA protein) via their C-terminal GRAS domain. The rga and gai null mutations additively suppressed the recessive sly1 mutant phenotype, further supporting the model that SCFSLY1 targets both RGA and GAI for degradation. The N-terminal DELLA domain of RGA previously was shown to be essential for GA-induced degradation. However, we found that this DELLA domain is not required for protein-protein interaction with SLY1 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), suggesting that its role is in a GA-triggered conformational change of the DELLA proteins. We also identified a novel gain-of-function sly1-d mutation that increased GA signaling by reducing the levels of the DELLA protein in plants. This effect of sly1-d appears to be caused by an enhanced interaction between sly1-d and the DELLA proteins.
Resegmentation using generic shape: Locating general cultural objects

Abstract As a step toward automating the ability to locate generic objects in an image, we propose an approach based on model-driven correction of an initial low-level scene partition. To accomplish this, we define generic data structures for geometric shapes, along with robust rules for parsing the image geometry and performing a shape-motivated resegmentation. We successfully apply the system to the task of locating and outlining complex rectilinear cultural objects in aerial imagery.
Organic management and legume presence maintained phosphorus bioavailability in a 17-year field crop experiment

Legumes have been shown to enhance bioavailability of phosphorus (P) from sparingly soluble pools, yet this functional trait remains underutilized in agriculture, and is untested at decadal scales. Management and legume presence effects on temporal soil properties were evaluated in a 17-year field crop experiment using soil samples collected in 1992, 2000 and 2006. Management systems compared included: (1) conventional corn–soybean–wheat rotation (C–S–W), (2) organic (C–S–W+red clover), (3) alfalfa and (4) early successional field. To evaluate the effects of long-term management versus recent management (residues and P fertilizer) on P and bio-availability to soybean, subplots of soybean were established with and without P-fertilizer (30 kg P ha−1), and compared to subplots and main plot with the long-term system. We evaluated soil properties (C, total P, Bray extractable inorganic P, particulate organic matter phosphorus) and soybean P uptake, biomass and yield. Recent fertilizer P inputs had no detectable influence on soil P, and total soil P stayed stable at ~350 mg P kg−1, whereas inorganic P (Pi) declined from an initial value of 54 to an average of 35 mg P kg−1. A P balance was constructed and showed a net loss of −96.7 kg P ha−1 yr−1 for the organic system, yet Bray-Pi and soybean P uptake were maintained under organic production at similar levels to the conventional, fertilized system. Particulate organic matter P was 57, 82 and 128% higher in organic, alfalfa and successional treatments, respectively, compared to conventional. A similar pattern was observed for soil C, soybean yield and bioavailable P, which were 20–50% higher in the organic, alfalfa and successional systems relative to conventional. This study provides evidence that long-term management history influences bioavailability of P.
Dynamic Nucleosome-Depleted Regions at Androgen Receptor Enhancers in the Absence of Ligand in Prostate Cancer Cells

Nucleosome positioning at transcription start sites is known to regulate gene expression by altering DNA accessibility to transcription factors; however, its role at enhancers is poorly understood. We investigated nucleosome positioning at the androgen receptor (AR) enhancers of TMPRSS2, KLK2, and KLK3/PSA in prostate cancer cells. Surprisingly, a population of enhancer modules in androgen-deprived cultures showed nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs) in all three loci. Under androgen-deprived conditions, NDRs at the TMPRSS2 enhancer were maintained by the pioneer AR transcriptional collaborator GATA-2. Androgen treatment resulted in AR occupancy, an increased number of enhancer modules with NDRs without changes in footprint width, increased levels of histone H3 acetylation (AcH3), and dimethylation (H3K4me2) at nucleosomes flanking the NDRs. Our data suggest that, in the absence of ligand, AR enhancers exist in an equilibrium in which a percentage of modules are occupied by nucleosomes while others display NDRs. We propose that androgen treatment leads to the disruption of the equilibrium toward a nucleosome-depleted state, rather than to enhancer de novo "remodeling." This allows the recruitment of histone modifiers, chromatin remodelers, and ultimately gene activation. The "receptive" state described here could help explain AR signaling activation under very low ligand concentrations.
Spectral Properties and Interpolation Error Analysis for Variable Sample Rate Conversion Systems

The problem of variable sample rate conversion (SRC) has received much attention on account of its applications in software defined radios (SDRs) that must support a wide variety of data rates. In this paper, we investigate the spectral properties of variable SRC and focus on the interpolation error obtained using any two interpolation kernels. We show that SRC is a generalization of decimation for both rational and irrational conversion ratios. In addition, a frequency domain expression for the mean-squared interpolation error is derived and simplified. Simulations presented show the degradation effects of using practical piecewise polynomial based interpolants as opposed to the underlying bandlimited sine function for several input signals.
Tracing Three Lines of Personality Development

I would like the interdisciplinary field of human development to move the whole person from the periphery to the center of its inquiry. In doing so, the field would need to focus on three different lines of personality development, reflecting the perspectives of the person as (1) a social actor, (2) a motivated agent, and (3) an autobiographical author. The three perspectives bring together many different domains of inquiry in contemporary psychological and social sciences, from research on the genetic and epigenetic roots of dispositional traits to studies of how culture shapes people's self-defining life stories.
Analysis of an Instantaneous Packet Loss Based Vertical Handover Algorithm for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks

For real-time applications running over hand-held mobile terminals in heterogeneous environments, efficient vertical handover (VH) algorithms are required in maintaining a seamless connectivity and an acceptable level of quality. While received signal strength-based methods have dominated this class of algorithms, we propose a thorough system analysis framework and perform rigorous analysis for packet-loss based algorithms for an interworking environment comprising the cellular network and the Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN). The basic VH algorithm analyzed here is based on the moving average of the packet loss rate and we employed both a simple packet loss and Gilbert packet loss pattern. Modifications to the analytical framework have been made by employing block-wise packet loss patterns in order to keep the computational burden within practical limits. Performance trends of call drop probabilities and WLAN usage efficiency are shown with varying system and handover thresholds, and analytical results are compared to that obtained from Monte Carlo simulations.
Multi-staged nonlinear compensation in coherent receiver for 12 015 km WDM transmission of 10-ch x 111 Gbit/s no-guard-interval co-OFDM

It is experimentally shown that employing multi-staged reverse self-phase-modulation in a coherent receiver compensates for waveform distortion due to self-phase-modulation including the inter-polarisation nonlinearity of polarisation-division multiplexing and inter-subcarrier nonlinearity of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing. This scheme extends the transmission distance 1.25-fold under an uncompensated dispersion map to suppress cross-phase-modulation, and a 10-channel times111 Gbit/s OFDM signal is successfully transmitted 12times015 km at the spectrum efficiency of 2.0 bit/s/Hz with a 1.0timesdB penalty reduction.
Nutrition: risk factors for osteoarthritis

Questions about the role of diet in the prevention and treatment of their joint disorder may be among the most frequent posed by patients with osteoarthritis (OA). Interestingly, while there are thousands of lay publications recommending various arthritis diets, physicians have little information to offer based on scientific studies.1 Arguably, in no other aspect of rheumatology is public and medical interest so discrepant. Indeed, the traditional medical approach has been to counsel patients that, other than diets promoting weight loss, scientific research has produced no evidence to suggest that any particular nutritional intervention might be helpful for OA.2 In fact, studies do suggest pathways through which nutritional factors might influence the natural history of OA. Overweight people are at considerably increased risk for the development of OA in their knees, and may also be more susceptible to both hip and hand joint involvement.3 As overweight people do not necessarily have increased load across their hand joints, investigators have wondered for decades whether systemic factors, such as dietary factors or other metabolic consequences of obesity, may mediate some of this association. Indeed, early laboratory studies using strains of mice and rats seemed to suggest an interaction between body weight, genetic factors, and diet, although attempts to demonstrate a direct effect of dietary fat intake proved inconclusive.4 5 Irrespective of the mechanism, it seems reasonable to infer that weight reduction, through dietary or other means, may reduce a person’s risk for the development or progression of OA. Observational data from the Framingham OA Study support this notion and suggest that weight loss of approximately 5 kg will reduce a person’s risk for the development of knee OA over the subsequent 10 years by 50%.6 Unfortunately, dietary intervention for obesity in uncontrolled environments is often costly, unpleasant, and …
Supplementation of Total Parenteral Nutrition Solutions with Ferrous Citrate

Daily infusion of a total parenteral nutrition (TPN) formulation containing 1 liter of 5.5% Travasol provides less than 0.1 milligrams of iron. By comparison, a formulation which includes a liter of 10% Travamin provides 2 milligrams of iron per day. To meet iron requirements in patients infusing formulations containing Travasol, iron was added as ferrous citrate. In in virto experiments, 74% of this iron was available to transferrin. In seven patients in whom in vivo availability was tested by red cell incorporation, the mean availability was 81%. Ferrous citrate is recommended as a safe, effective additive to TPN solutions for adult patients requiring iron supplements.
Pain Perception as a Function of Self-Focused Rumination:

Pain sensitivity and tolerance were studied using the cold-pressor technique. A 3 independent groups design was employed using rumination as the independent variable. Group 1 was given a situation in which anger-related self-rumination was introduced. Group 2 was given a self-related rumination task in which anger was not induced. Group 3 received a rumination task not related to the self. In addition, the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory was given prior to the experiment to test the hypothesis that ratings on the Anger-In subtest would correlate with pain sensitivity. In each group were 6 men and 6 women. Each participant took the anger and another inventory not relevant to the present study before the experiment. An anger measure was taken before and after the experiment for each group to see if the anger induction in Group 1 actually increased anger. There were no differences among the 3 groups on the second anger measure, so differences between Groups 1 and 2 could not be attributed to anger. A 1-way analysis of variance for 3 groups showed a strong main effect on pain tolerance but not pain sensitivity. Groups 1 and 2 were significantly more tolerant of pain than Group 3. The correlation of ratings on the Anger-In (internalized anger) subtest fell short of statistical significance with pain sensitivity and also was not significant for pain tolerance. Results were discussed in terms of the possibility that self-rumination may increase pain tolerance by requiring a greater cognitive load than nonself rumination.
The perceptual organization of texture flow: a contextual inference approach

Locally parallel dense patterns-sometimes called texture flows-define a perceptually coherent structure of particular significance to perceptual organization. We argue that with applications ranging from image segmentation and edge classification to shading analysis and shape interpretation, texture flows deserve attention equal to edge segment grouping and curve completion. This paper develops the notion of texture flow from a geometrical point of view to argue that local measurements of such structures must incorporate two curvatures. We show how basic theoretical considerations lead to a unique model for the local behavior of the flow and to a notion of texture flow "good continuation." This, in turn, translates to a specification of consistency constraints between nearby flow measurements which we use for the computation of globally (piecewise) coherent structure through the contextual framework of relaxation labeling. We demonstrate the results on synthetic and natural images.
Energy - responsiveness tradeoffs for real-time systems with mixed workload

We explore the performance tradeoffs for real-time systems with dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) capability, when the workload includes aperiodic jobs as well as periodic tasks. As opposed to the assumptions of early works on real-tune DVS or nonpower-aware scheduling of hybrid task sets, the settings require the consideration of two often-conflicting objectives: Improving the responsiveness of aperiodic jobs and reducing the energy consumption. We propose the composite metric, energy * average response time, as a performance measure in energy-aware scheduling of hybrid task sets. Then we develop our framework that integrates dynamic reclaiming algorithm (DRA) and total bandwidth server (TBS) mechanism in variable-speed settings. In addition to the static algorithm, we propose basic reclaiming scheme (BRS) and mutual reclaiming scheme (MRS) that enable the reuse of the system slack arising from early task completions. We also present our bandwidth sharing scheme (BSS) that aggressively exploits the bandwidth reserved for TBS to further slow down the periodic tasks. We provide an experimental evaluation of our algorithms under different workloads and speed settings, and show that BSS can provide significant performance improvements when the actual variability in the workload is high.
Modal Structures and Morphisms

A modal structure base or simply base is a quadruple , where K is a non-empty set, O ∈ K, R is a binary relation on K, and N ⊆ K. We will usually write Q for K — N. The elements of K are usually referred to as possible worlds, O as the origin or immediate situation, R as the accessibility relation between the worlds of K, N as the collection of normal worlds, and Q as the collection of queer worlds (cf. Kripke, 1963, 1965 and Lemmon, 1966).
Bandgap Engineering of Conjugated Materials with Nonconjugated Side Chains

Controlling the optical properties of conjugated materials, especially their bandgaps, is critical to nearly all of applications of these materials. The most prevalent strategy involves changes to the structures of conjugated backbones, while side chains are generally reserved for imparting solubility. This paper, using a series of donor–acceptor conjugated oligo- and poly(arylene–ethynylene)s that have terephthalate units as the electron-deficient unit, demonstrates examples of how the structures of side chains that are not formally part of the conjugated backbone can have significant effects on bandgaps of these materials. In organic solution, changing alkoxy substituents on the terephthalate unit yields changes in absorbance onsets of, in some cases, greater than 20 nm; the position of absorbance spectra of these materials correlates with the Taft σ* values of the ester alkoxy groups, consistent with the side chains inductively altering the electron-accepting nature of the terephthalate ring. This stru...
Inspector Errors and Sampling Plans

Abstract Expressions for the apparent fraction defective, average outgoing quality and average total inspected are developed for the case where inspection errors are assumed to be a linear function of the incoming quality. An example is presented to show how the actual performance measures of a single sampling plan depart from the theoretical values when inspection accuracy is assumed to follow the linearity assumption.
Suprachoroidal silicone oil migration following retinal detachment repair

Silicone oil is a commonly used tamponade agent. We report the rare complication of a patient who presented with silicone oil in the suprachoroidal space following retinal detachment repair. The silicone oil was subsequently removed without any long-term complications.
Effects of caching on acorn tannin levels and Blue Jay dietary performance

Blue Jays (Cyanocitta cristata) are important consumers and dispersers of the nuts of oaks and other fagaceous trees in eastern North America. Acorns comprise much of the jay diet, especially during the autumn when jays may spend considerable time harvesting and consuming or caching acorns. However, jays do not appear to possess physiological adaptations for countering the protein-binding properties of secondary compounds (tannins) found in acorns. We tested whether simulated overwinter caching would reduce tannin levels in northern red oak (Quercus rubra) and bur oak (Q. macrocarpa) acorns, enabling jays to subsist on a cached acorn diet by circumventing the negative effects of high tannin levels in the acorns. After overwinter storage, acorns in simulated caches did not differ significantly in tannin level from uncached acorns, and jays lost weight rapidly on both cached and uncached acorn diets. Thus, simulated caching did not appear to significantly reduce tannin protein-binding activity of acorns, nor enable jays to better subsist on an all-acorn diet.
Long-Term Effects of Recurrent Intermittent Hypoxia/Hyperoxia on Respiratory System Mechanics in Neonatal Mice

Premature infants experiencing recurrent episodes of apnea exhibit frequent oxygen desaturation events. Resolving an event is often accompanied by increasing the fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2) resulting in a transient period of hyperoxia overshoot. We developed a novel experimental exposure paradigm of neonatal intermittent oxygen exposure that replicates a hyperoxia overshoot after each episode of hypoxia to determine …
A New Role for Bboron in Advanced Materials

Application of highly polar dative bonds of heteroatoms to boron atoms for the preparation of a new class of liquid crystals is discussed. Semiempirical calculations show that compounds incorporating polar bonds of tetra- and higher-coordinated boron centers are characterized by large coaxial dipole moments and relatively large first hyperpolarizabilities β. It is expected that these new liquid crystalline materials will be useful for electrooptical applications.
The Stag Hunt Game: An Example of an Excel-Based Probabilistic Game

ABSTRACTWith so many role-playing simulations already in the political science education literature, the recent repeated calls for new games is both timely and appropriate. This article answers and extends those calls by advocating the creation of probabilistic games using Microsoft Excel. I introduce the example of the Stag Hunt Game—a short, effective, and easy-to-use activity that simulates Jean-Jacques Rousseau’s political philosophy. In testing the game’s effectiveness, I found that students who played the game scored higher on the exam than students who did not play. Using the Stag Hunt Game as an example, I invite political science instructors to consider creating more probabilistic Excel-based games.
Genetic characteristics and drug resisitance amino acids sites of NA and M genes of influenza A/H1N1 virus in Hubei Province

Objective This study was designed to analyze the genetic characteristics of the neuraminidase(NA) and matrix(M) genes of seasonal A/H1N1 influenza virus strains isolated in Hubei Province since 2000.This study also investigated the genetic variation in these strains and their drug resistance amino acids sites.Methods Virus strains were isolated from clinical samples collected from 2000 to 2008.The NA and M genes of these strains were amplified by RT-PCR.RT-PCR products were sequenced and used to compare homology with the influenza vaccine virus strains recommended by the WHO.The genetic evolution of these strains was analyzed along with mutations of important functional and drug resistance amino acids sites.Results NA and M genes of isolated viral strains had a homology of 96.6%-99.7% and 96.6%-99.6% compared to vaccine strains from 2000 to 2008.The potential antigenic sites,glycosylation sites,and drug resistance amino acids sites of NA genes were identical to those of the vaccine virus strains from 2000 to 2008 but differed from those of the vaccine strain from 2009.NA gene variants with different drug resistance amino acids sites were not found but M gene variants with different sites were noted among the strains isolated since 2005.Analysis of the genes' evolution revealed that the viruses isolated in different years differed genetically.Conclusion Seasonal A/H1N1 influenza virus strains had a high homology with vaccine strains from 2000 to 2008 recommended by the WHO but differed from the vaccine strain from 2009.Influenza virus(H1N1) strains isolated since 2005 were found to have amantadine resistance.
[Research on the growth references of height, weight and body mass index for children under 7 years old].

Objective To understand the varying features and the trend of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age and body masa index(BMI)-for-age of children under six years old in Ningbo city,Zhejiang province.Methods By random clustered sampling,64 038 healthy children under six years old in Ningbo were chosen and their length/height and weight measured.Means,standard deviation and percentiles of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age and BMI were calculated by SAS systems.Results of this study were compared with growth standards from WHO 2006 and nine urban areas of China,in 2005.Results Data from our study showed that the annual growth rates were basically the same in boys and girls.All these indicators increased along with age but the younger the age,the faster the growth rate appeared.There were notable differences seen between genders and urban-rural distribution.BMIs were also varied with age and sex.BMI reached peak between 4 to 6 months,then dropped slowly when age increased.Conclusion The means of length/height-for-age,weight-for-age in Ningbo city had exceeded the WHO standards,and the growth by year under six year-olds in Ningbo was close to the data from nine urban areas of China in 2005. Key words: Length/height-for-age; Weight-for-age; Body mass index; Children
Small Scale-High Resolution Terrestrial Activity of Trachemys scripta elegans, Harvest Intensity, and Immediate Movement Responses Following Harvest Events

Overland movement is an important aspect of freshwater turtle ecology. Turtles make overland excursions searching for mates, to find new aquatic habitats, in response to drought, or during nesting. Here, we tested how environmental factors may influence the excursion events of adult Red-eared Sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans). We found that 85% of turtles made overland movements at least once, which is higher than previously reported, and some turtles made multiple movements (2–6) during a single season. Rain and drought events were significant predictors of overland movements. While sex did not appear to be a significant factor, there was an indication that movement may depend on seasonal temperatures. In addition, we showed that turtles immigrated to depopulated ponds in a short period of time after a simulated harvest event. However, after a second harvest simulation, our experimental pond was not repopulated to its original abundance. Our results call for caution when implementing spatially controll...
Heparanase Expression Correlates with Bone Destruction in the Patients with Multiple Myeloma

Abstract 1813 Multiple myeloma is an incurable malignancy, and excessive bone destruction is a major cause of morbidity in myeloma patients. However, the biologic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of myeloma-induced bone disease are poorly understood. Heparanase, an enzyme that cleaves the heparan sulfate chains of proteoglycans, is upregulated in a variety of human tumors, including myeloma. In the present study, bone marrow biopsies from 40 myeloma patients were stained with antibodies raised against heparanase, RANKL (an osteoclastogenic cytokine), OPG (a decoy receptor for RANKL), TRAP (a marker of osteoclastogenesis) and osteocalcin (a marker of osteoblastogenesis). The radiologic studies for bone lesions of these patients were also recorded. We analyzed the correlations between heparanase expression in bone marrow myeloma cells with (1) the numbers of TRAP positive osteoclasts, (2) RANKL and OPG expression in myeloma cells and osteoblastic cells, (3) the numbers of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts in bone marrow, and (4) the presence/absence of lytic bone lesions. We found a positive correlation between heparanase expression and RANKL expression as well as the numbers of TRAP positive osteoclasts in myeloma and bone marrow cells, but no correlation was found between the expressions of heparanase and OPG in bone marrow cells (myeloma cells do not express OPG). In contrast, heparanase expression was negatively correlated with the numbers of osteocalcin positive osteoblasts. Taken together, these data suggest that heparanase expression by myeloma cells promotes osteoclastogenesis and at same time inhibits osteoblastogenesis. Clinical data show that 92% of patients with high level of heparanase had one or more lytic bone lesions, while only 63% of patients with median∼ low levels of heparanase had bone lesions (p inhibits bone formation; these events contribute to the uncontrolled bone destruction that is characteristic of myeloma. These data provide novel insight into the mechanisms driving myeloma bone disease and suggest that heparanase inhibitors are valid therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple myeloma. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Space Travel, Radio, and Alien Encounters

Any mention of SF adventure tales instantly brings to mind (in most minds) visions of sleek rocket ships blasting-off into space to the Moon or to Mars, or of “Star-Trek”-like interstellar craft slipping into hyperspace to cruise between galaxies at faster-than-light warp speeds. That first vision is already reality, and has been reality for over 40 years as I write, but how likely is the second one? In a classic scientific study of this question, the German astrophysicist Sebastian von Hoerner (1919–2003) completely ignored transitory technology limitations and considered only the most basic, fundamental parameters of time, acceleration, power, mass, energy and, most important of all, the sheer magnitude of the absolutely stupendous distances that separate stars and galaxies.
Construction and optimization of a heterologous pathway for protocatechuate catabolism inEscherichia colienables rapid bioconversion of model lignin monomers

Cellulosic biofuel production yields a substantial lignin byproduct stream that currently has few applications. Biological conversion of lignin compounds into chemicals and fuels has the potential to improve the economics of cellulosic biofuels, but few microbes are able both to catabolize lignin and generate valuable products. While Escherichia coli has been engineered to produce a variety of fuels and chemicals, it is incapable of catabolizing most aromatic compounds. Therefore, we have engineered E. coli to catabolize a model lignin monomer, protocatechuate, as the sole source of carbon and energy, via heterologous expression of a nine-gene pathway from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. We next used experimental evolution to select for mutations that increased growth with PCA more than two-fold. Increasing the strength of a single ribosome binding site in the heterologous pathway was sufficient to recapitulate the increased growth. After optimization of the core pathway, we extended the pathway to enable catabolism of a second model compound, 4-hydroxybenzoate. These engineered strains will be useful platforms to discover, characterize, and optimize pathways for lignin bioconversions.
QOL-06IMPORTANCE OF TASK SELECTION FOR ACTIVATION OF WERNICKE'S AREA: A FUNCTIONAL MRI STUDY COMPARING 3 DIFFERENT WIDELY USED TASKS

INTRODUCTION: Multiple tasks are available, which can be used for activation of Broca's area. However, localization of Wernicke's area remains a challenge. Task selection is very essential for proper identification of Wernicke's area prior to surgical resection or intervention. Here, we compare the results of three different activation tasks, sentence completion (SC), word generation (WG) and category naming (CAT) for localization of Wernicke's area. METHODS: 11 right handed healthy volunteers (22 to 55y) were included. IRB approval was obtained. Subjects were trained on each task prior to scanning. GE Healthcare provided equipment. Scans were done on a GE 3.0T, 32 channel head coil. Experiments were block design. For SC, subjects were presented with incomplete sentences to complete. On WG and CAT, subjects were asked to generate words that either start with the alphabet shown on the screen or related to the category displayed. During rest, subjects were presented with a gibberish sentence during the first task and a picture of a hand on the second and third tasks. FMRI was acquired using EPI sequences. RESULTS: Multiple uncorrected P values of cluster probability were used, ranging from 0.05 to 0.001. ROI analysis of Wernicke's spatial co ordinate revealed no activation in CAT and WG across different P values. However, for Sentence Completion task with a cluster probability of an uncorrected P value (<0.001), activation in Wernicke's area was detected with a T value of 4.45. On individual analysis, during SC 9 out of 11 (82%) subjects shows activity in wernicke's spatial co ordinates, compared to only 2 (18%) and 3 (27%) subjects with activity in the same co ordinates in WG and CAT, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Sentence completion task is a more effective task in localizing Wernicke's areas compared to Word generation and Category naming tasks.
Green science: Independent building technology to mitigate energy, environment, and climate change

Abstract All residential and commercial buildings are connected to conventional electricity, gas, and water supply lines to meet their vital needs, which causes severe environmental crises. Therefore, a green science application is proposed in this article to meet the total energy, water, and gas demands for a building, which can be produced by the building itself without any outside connections and is also 100% clean. To meet 100% of the energy demands of a building, a design theory is implemented wherein at least 25% of the exterior curtain wall skin and roof is used as a blackbody assisted photovoltaic (PV) panel to capture solar energy and convert it to electricity. The domestic water supply is provided by in-house treatment processes (filtration, chlorination, UV treatment and purification) from in-situ groundwater extraction by PV-panel-assisted pumping. Subsequently, the domestic waste undergoes a transformation process wherein sludge, consisting mainly of human feces, is collected in a closed anaerobic detention tank in a cellar and introduced into a bioreactor, enabling the production of biogas by methanogenesis; this biogas is then stored and used for cooking and HVAC equipment. Finally, the separated wastewater is treated in the cellar by applying primary, secondary, and tertiary processes and is then used for gardening, irrigation, and landscaping. The combination of these technologies, wherein a building can produce electricity, water, and gas without outside connections, is a major scientific innovation expected to dramatically mitigate the global energy, environmental, and climate change crises.
Cyberbullying: Topics, strategies, and sex differences

Abstract People say and do things with the capacity to hurt or emotionally injure each other, and as individuals continue to interact with each other in mediated contexts, these incidents increasingly occur online. The present study contributes to the growing literature on cyberbullying and answers calls for more descriptive research into online behavior by examining the content and nature of online bullying incidents. Over 400 recalled cyberbullying incidents that occurred on Facebook were obtained from witnesses/bystanders to the events. Inductive analyses revealed eleven cyberbullying strategies and twelve topics. The most frequently reported strategies included public and private comments, photographs, and status updates. The most frequently noted topics involved romantic relationships, friendships, sexual activity, and personal appearance. Moreover, women were more likely than men to be targeted by topics relating to sexual activity, and men were more likely to be bullied using messages linked to their sexual orientation or skills/talents. Results are framed in relation to previous research on traditional bullying and more recent studies on communication in online environments. The types of cyberbullying identified in the study can be used to assist practitioners and bystanders in offering support to victims.
Abstract 3949: Deep immunophenotyping using flow cytometry of dissociated cells from Barrett's esophagus and matched adjacent squamous epithelium defines distinct phenotypic clusters

Barrett9s esophagus (BE) is defined as metaplasia of the squamous epithelium to a specialized columnar epithelium with risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux and obesity and a predilection for middle-age and older white males. BE progresses through stages of dysplasia (low-grade and high-grade) before developing into esophageal adenocarcinoma. Challenges remain in early detection and predicting which patients may progress to dysplasia. Here we describe a method by which we compare human clinical IRB-approved BE biopsies and adjacent normal squamous epithelium using tissue dissociation and deep immunophenotyping by flow cytometric collection and analysis. A cassette of canonical epithelial or tumor stem cell-associated targets (EpCAM, CD24, CD44, CD49f, Her2/neu, CD133, CD90, CD166, and CD29), immune cell markers (CD3, CD45, CD127, HLA-DR, CD16, CD56, CD4, CD8, CD25, and CD19), as well as targets associated with myeloid derived suppressor cells (CD14, CD15, CD33, CD11b, HLA-DR, CD31 and CD86) were used to discern differences across subjects and between cellular compartments in normal and BE tissue. The Barrett’s samples show a majority population with a characteristic phenotype (EpCAM+CD133lowCD49fhigh) when compared with normal squamous tissue samples (EpCAM-CD133-CD49flow). The samples separate into two discrete groups using hierarchical clustering based on differential surface marker expression of combined epithelial and immune cell markers, but also reveal unexpected, shared phenotypes for some normal and BE samples. Principal component analysis supports this grouping and was used to identify more compelling targets for categorization, such as CD133 and CD49f. The resulting expression and distribution of targets offer a phenotypic fingerprint characterizing both the epithelial cell and immune cell compartment. Besides providing the potential for revealing clinically relevant differences between BE and normal tissue, as well as across subjects, the discovered surface immunophenotypes can be used to target specific subpopulations from dysplastic tissue for further molecular investigation. A deeper understanding of the role of such specific subpopulations should increase the prospects for more complete understanding of BE and its progression. Citation Format: Friedrich G. Hahn, Eileen Snowden, Warren Porter, Mitchell Ferguson, William S. Dillmore, Stephanie S. Yee, Taylor Black, Maureen DeMarshall, Aaron Middlebrook, Smita Ghanekar, Anil Rustgi, Erica L. Carpenter, Rainer Blaesius. Deep immunophenotyping using flow cytometry of dissociated cells from Barrett9s esophagus and matched adjacent squamous epithelium defines distinct phenotypic clusters [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3949. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3949
Conceptualizing the Role of Reading and Literacy in Health Information Practices

This paper proposes that a focus on reading and literacy can deepen our understanding of information seeking and everyday life information practices. It conceptualizes the role of reading, readability, and literacy in health information practices as a sociotechnical system, and forms the basis for an ongoing mixed-methods study on the role of readability in the health information practices of adult emerging readers. This approach puts into question best practice guidelines for creating health information and asks what makes a useful health information document for adult emerging readers. The results of this research based on this conceptual framework will help to improve access to quality health information for members of communities that face greater health disparities.
Ultracompliant Heterogeneous Copper–Tin Nanowire Arrays Making a Supersolder

Due to the substantial increase in power density, thermal interface resistance that can constitute more than 50% of the total thermal resistance has generally become a bottleneck for thermal management in electronics. However, conventional thermal interface materials (TIMs) such as solder, epoxy, gel, and grease cannot fulfill the requirements of electronics for high-power and long-term operation. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance TIM consisting of a heterogeneous copper–tin nanowire array, which we term “supersolder” to emulate the role of conventional solders in bonding various surfaces. The supersolder is ultracompliant with a shear modulus 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than traditional solders and can reduce the thermal resistance by two times as compared with the state-of-the-art TIMs. This supersolder also exhibits excellent long-term reliability with >1200 thermal cycles over a wide temperature range. By resolving this critical thermal bottleneck, the supersolder enables electronic systems, r...
Statistics on a Routine “Optometric” Practice: Incidence of Suspected Ocular Disease

Summary In a routine optometric practice, I found a 30% overall incidence of suspected ocular disease. Diagnosis was made by clinical history, best visual acuity, and physical examination without the use of diagnostic agents. This compares to a routine residency ophthalmology clinic practice with a 93% overall incidence of suspected disease.
Membrane Adhesions Between Chlamydomonas Gametes and Their Role in Cell—Cell Interactions

Publisher Summary This chapter explains membrane adhesions between Chlamydomonas gametes and their role in cell–cell interactions. The mating reaction of Chlamydomonas gametes entails cell–cell interactions analogous, if not homologous, to those that may occur between embryonic cells. The two gamete types, mt + and mt - , first recognize one another by specific molecules displayed on surface membranes, and cell–cell adhesions are established. These adhesions, in turn, stimulate pairs of interacting gametes to establish junction-like connections between specialized regions of their plasma membranes. Once the junctions form, the cells proceed to fuse together, and the initial adhesions then come apart. The flagellar adhesiveness of mt + gametes is influenced by two unlinked gene loci, designated sag-1 and sag-2 . The flagellar membranes emerge as the focal surfaces for detecting and transmitting external information. Flagellar adhesions between mt + and mt - gametes bring cells of the correct species and mating type into close proximity, and fertilization schemes can be designed in which achieving such proximity represents the sole purpose of agglutination.