cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pharmacological properties of the active metabolites of the antidepressants desipramine and citalopram.

Abstract Although major metabolites of some antidepressant drugs are known to be active, their pharmacological effects are poorly characterized. Two of the most selective antidepressants, desipramine (selectively inhibits norepinephrine reuptake) and citalopram (selectively inhibits serotonin reuptake) are frequently used in animal studies of antidepressant action, as well as being useful therapeutically. The primary aim of this study was to determine the affinity of desmethyldesipramine, an active metabolite of desipramine, for the rat norepinephrine and serotonin transporters, as well as for the rat α 2 -adrenoceptor. The pharmacological characteristics of desmethyldesipramine and desmethylcitalopram, an active metabolite of citalopram, were also determined for various human transporters and neurotransmitter receptors. Competition binding studies using [ 3 H]nisoxetine and [ 3 H]citalopram showed desipramine to be 25 times more selective for the rat norepinephrine as compared to serotonin transporter (6.2 nM vs. 158 nM) whereas desmethyldesipramine is 12 times more selective for the serotonin over the norepinephrine transporter (12.8 nM vs. 153 nM). Interestingly, the affinity of desmethyldesipramine for the serotonin transporter is similar to the affinity of desipramine for the norepinephrine transporter. Desipramine and desmethyldesipramine were found to have a lower affinity for the rat α 2A(D) -adrenoceptor than the transporters, suggesting that this receptor is not a major site of action for either compound. Thus, the pharmacological effects of desipramine in rats may be attributed not only to the inhibition of the norepinephrine transporter by desipramine but also to the inhibition of serotonin transporter by the active metabolite desmethyldesipramine.
Analysis of Fertilin α (ADAM1)-mediated Sperm-Egg Cell Adhesion during Fertilization and Identification of an Adhesion-mediating Sequence in the Disintegrin-like Domain *

Abstract Fertilin α (also known as ADAM1) is a member of the ADAM (A disintegrin and A metalloprotease domain) family of proteins. In this study, we examine the mechanism of mouse fertilin α's in adhesion of sperm to the egg plasma membrane during fertilization. We find that recombinant forms of fertilin α corresponding to either the disintegrin-like domain or the cysteine-rich domain and the EGF-like repeat can perturb sperm-egg binding, suggesting that both of these domains can participate in fertilin α-mediated adhesion events. In further examination of the fertilin α disintegrin-like domain, we find that a subdomain of disintegrin-like domain with the sequence DLEECDCG outside the putative disintegrin loop but with homology to the fertilin β disintegrin loop can inhibit the binding of both sperm and recombinant fertilin α to eggs, suggesting that this is an adhesion-mediating motif of the fertilin α disintegrin-like domain. This sequence also inhibits the binding of recombinant fertilin β to eggs and thus is the first peptide sequence found to block two different sperm ligands. Finally, a monoclonal antibody to the tetraspanin protein CD9, KMC.8, inhibited the binding of recombinant fertilin α to eggs in one type of binding assay, suggesting that, under certain conditions, fertilin α may interact with a KMC.8-sensitive binding site on the egg plasma membrane.
Mexican Immigration and the American State.

This essay represents an attempt to place the contemporary situation in historical perspective, showing how the American state permitted and indeed had to permit illegal immigration to meet its various commitments to different sectors of capital and labor. The paper outlines the historical dialectics which made illegal immigration the direct consequence not of the weakness, but of the strength of U.S. organized labor.
Integration of a Formalized Handoff System Into the Surgical Curriculum Resident Perspectives and Early Results

Hypothesis The Situation, Background, Assessment, and Recommendation model (SBAR) provides an excellent framework for communication in daily resident handoffs. Objective To evaluate implementation of SBAR into the surgical curriculum. Design A curriculum using video and role-play scenarios to augment a didactic lecture on SBAR was implemented for general surgery residents. Resident assessment was achieved via an anonymous survey administered after training. Outcome was evaluated by assessing sentinel events and resident order entry 30 days before and after training. Surgical subspecialty resident order entries were used as controls. Duplicated, cancelled, and wrong patient orders were attributed to failed communication. Setting Academic department of surgery. Participants Forty-five general surgery residents at our institution. Results Survey response rate was 100%. Poor communication was identified as the leading cause of handoff failure, with nurse-to-resident handoffs considered the most problematic. Overall, the curriculum was well received. Outcomes analysis demonstrated no difference in sentinel events. A 2.3% decrease in pretraining and posttraining order entry errors (14.5% vs 12.2%; P = .003) was demonstrated. No difference was demonstrated in controls who did not undergo SBAR training (12.9% vs 13.6%; P = .47). Conclusions Most of the residents indicate that the SBAR curriculum addressed frequently encountered communication issues and taught clinically beneficial communication skills. The identified specific communication deficiencies will direct future curriculum goals. The SBAR model is an effective and valuable tool to standardize communication. Early outcomes analysis demonstrates a decrease in order entry errors after training. Sentinel events are infrequent and will require long-term evaluation.
The decussation of the retinothalamic pathway in the cat, with a note on the major meridians of the cat's eye

We have studied the naso-temporal division of the retinothalamic pathway of the cat by making large unilateral injections of horseradish peroxidase into the lateral geniculate nucleus. In confirmation of previous work, our retinal whole-mounts show a distinct vertical decussation line separating the contralaterally projecting nasal retina from the ipsilaterally projecting temporal retina. The ipsilateral decussation line is quite sharp, while the contralateral decussation is somewhat more diffuse, with numbers of large cells extending a few degrees into the temporal retina. However, in contrast to the results of optic tract section, our material (demonstrating the thalamic component only) does not reveal any significant population of contralaterally projecting small cells across most of the temporal retina. The previous observation of approximately 200 micrometer of naso-temporal overlap in the area centralis is confirmed here, and evidence is presented that this overlap may increase at eccentricities above the horizontal meridian. Taken together with previously published data, this demonstration of the vertical decussation line has allowed us to estimate the relative inclinations of the major meridians of the cat's eye.
EXAMINATION OF THE 3 MOLECULAR FORMS OF SERUM PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN FOR DISTINGUISHING NEGATIVE FROM POSITIVE BIOPSY: RELATIONSHIP TO TRANSITION ZONE VOLUME

Purpose:: We evaluated the relative usefulness of total, free and complexed serum prostate specific antigen (PSA), and their ratios for distinguishing positive from negative biopsy of prostates in a university referral practice.Materials and Methods:: We compared 90 consecutive men who had 2 sets of 6 negative systematic biopsies with 70 who had at least 5 mm. of prostate cancer in systematic biopsies during the same period at our institution. Total prostate and transition zone volumes were determined by transrectal ultrasound. The Bayer, † †Bayer, Tarrytown, New York. DPC ‡ †DPC, Los Angeles, California. ‡ and Hybritech § §Hybritech, Inc., San Diego, California. assays were performed to measure total, free and complexed serum PSA. Receiver operating characteristics curves were constructed for all forms of serum PSA and their ratios as well as prostate size to distinguish true positive (sensitivity) from false-positive (1 minus specificity) fractions.Results:: Complexed PSA was only marginally better than...
Undertreatment of glaucoma among black americans

Abstract Background Cross-sectional studies and those using national data sets estimate that glaucoma-related blindness is between six and eight times more common among black Americans than among whites. Community-based studies have found that glaucoma is four to six times more prevalent among blacks. It is not known why blacks with glaucoma are more likely to become blind than whites with glaucoma. Methods To investigate the possibility that under-treatment of glaucoma is an important factor contributing to this higher rate of blindness, we studied the population-based rates of incisional and laser surgery for open-angle glaucoma among blacks and whites in a 5 percent random sample of Medicare claims for 1986 through 1988. Results For all U.S. census divisions combined, the rate of surgery for glaucoma among black Medicare beneficiaries was 2.2 times higher than the rate among white beneficiaries (95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 2.3). We calculated an expected rate of treatment among blacks on the...
Benefits of aspect diversity for SAR ATR: fundamental and experimental results

This paper continues the study reported in Ref. 1 and Ref. 2 trading off the fundamental ATR performance capability (i.e., algorithm-independent) of various SAR design options. The previous papers considered the performance impact of SAR range/cross-range resolution and compared the use of 1-D HRR (high-range-resolution radar) versus 2-D SAR, versus multisensor, 3-D SAR. The work reported here extends the SAR and HRR results of Ref. 2 to include aspect diversity in the SAR measurements. We show that SAR and HRR are benefited by multi-aspect measurements mostly because multiple views add diversity: poorer views benefit from having better views combined in a multi-aspect classifier. Finally, as a proof of concept, multi-aspect diversity is incorporated into an existing SAR ATR classifier; performance of an MSTAR 10-class MSE classifier is shown to improve substantially. A major tenet is verified by the experimental results: added measurement domains, such as aspect diversity, which separate the target signature vectors in the observation space, make it easier to obtain better target classification, enhanced false- alarm rejection, and robustness to unknown statistics.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Use of nonpharmacologic interventions for pain and anxiety after total hip and total knee arthroplasty.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare pain and anxiety in orthopaedic patients scheduled for elective total hip or knee arthroplasty who have received a kit of nonpharmacologic strategies for pain and anxiety in addition to their regularly prescribed analgesics to those who receive the usual pharmacologic management alone. Design Descriptive comparative and correlational design using surveys and chart audits. Sample Sixty-five patients randomized to receive usual care or usual care plus a kit of nonpharmacologic strategies. Findings Patients who received the kit used nonpharmacologic measures for pain and anxiety more often than patients who did not receive the kit. The kit group tended to use less opioid and have less anxiety on postoperative day 1 (not statistically significant) and use significantly less opioid on postoperative day 2 than the patients who did not receive the kit. There were no between-group differences in pain intensity. There were significant correlations among postoperative pain intensity, opioid use, and anxiety. The coping method of diverting attention was related to lower present (now) pain scores, and ignoring the pain was associated with higher worst pain. Discussion Providing a kit of nonpharmacologic strategies can increase the use of these methods for postoperative pain and anxiety and decrease the amount of opioid taken. The influence of coping strategies in acute postoperative pain needs to be examined further.
Gender Recognition of Human Faces Using Color

A continuing question in the object recognition literature is whether surface properties play a role in visual representation and recognition. Here, we examined the use of color as a cue in facial gender recognition by applying a version of reverse correlation to face categorization in CIE L*a*b* color space. We found that observers exploited color information to classify ambiguous signals embedded in chromatic noise. The method also allowed us to identify the specific spatial locations and the components of color used by observers. Although the color patterns found with human observers did not accurately mirror objective natural color differences, they suggest sensitivity to the contrast between the main features and the rest of the face. Overall, the results provide evidence that observers encode and can use the local color properties of faces, in particular, in tasks in which color provides diagnostic information and the availability of other cues is reduced.
ASIC reliability and qualification: a user's perspective

The process of qualifying an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) such as gate arrays of standard cells, that is used in product development at the IBM Rochester, Minnesota, development laboratory is reviewed. The emphasis is on reliability and its evaluation during the qualification process. The varying degrees of involvement in qualification activities that a supplier has had over the last few years are outlined. These qualification activities, such as technology qualification, specific part number qualifications, supplier process surveys, part construction analysis, and failure rate projections, are discussed. Postqualification expectations in terms of burn-in, reliability monitors, and reliability growth goals are also discussed. >
Effect of boundaries and impurities on electron-phonon dephasing

Abstract Electron scattering from boundaries and impurities destroys the single-particle picture of the electron–phonon interaction. We show that quantum interference between ‘pure` electron–phonon and electron–boundary/impurity scattering may result in the reduction as well as to the significant enlargement of the electron dephasing rate. This effect crucially depends on the extent, to which electron scatterers, such as boundaries and impurities, are dragged by phonons. Static and vibrating scatterers are described by two dimensionless parameters q T l and q T L , where q is the wavevector of the thermal phonon, l is the total electron mean-free path, L is the mean-free path due to scattering from static scatterers. According to the Pippard ineffectiveness condition , without static scatterers the dephasing rate at low temperatures is slower by the factor 1 / ql than the rate in a pure bulk material. However, in the presence of static potential the dephasing rate turns out to be 1 / qL times faster. Thus, at low temperatures electron dephasing and energy relaxation may be controlled by electron boundary/impurity scattering in a wide range.
Historical channel analysis and its application to riparian and aquatic habitat restoration

1The planning, design and evaluation of a restoration project should be guided largely by an understanding of past channel changes. 2A historical analysis can sometimes reveal underlying causes of channel change and document prior habitat conditions, both useful in setting appropriate objectives for restoration. 3Restoration planning should address the historical causes and patterns of channel degradation that cannot be detected by examining current conditions alone. Moreover, ongoing adjustments in the channel and changes in the catchment must be understood when interpreting channel changes following construction of restoration projects. 4Changes in channel form (and the independent geomorphological variables of run-off and sediment load from the catchment) can be documented from a variety of sources, including historical maps, boundary lines, aerial photography, bridge and pipeline surveys, gauging records, field evidence and archival sources. Historical riparian vegetation, and use by fish and wildlife, may also be documented from early survey records, photographs and written accounts. 5Historical analysis should cover an area large enough to capture all events potentially influencing the project reach. The entire catchment upstream should be examined to identify events affecting the flow regime and sediment load, such as deforestation or dam construction. For channels in erodible alluvium, the study should include the channel downstream to the first stable grade control to capture events whose effects may propagate upstream, such as channelization or base lowering. 6Application of historical channel analysis to the San Luis Rey River in California served as a basis for evaluating the potential for (and hydrological constraints upon) riparian restoration.
MISSING THE MARK: REFLECTIONS ON GREENBERG'S COMMENT*

Greenberg's (2003) Comment fails to address the substance or spirit of “The Privatization of Violence.”
Far-Infrared Hydrogen Lasers in the Peculiar Star MWC 349A

Far-infrared hydrogen recombination lines H15(alpha)(169.4 micrometers), H12(alpha)(88.8 micrometers), and H10(alpha)(52.5 micrometers) were detected in the peculiar luminous star MWC 349A from the Kuiper Airborne Observatory. Here it is shown that at least H15(alpha) is strongly amplified, with the probable amplification factor being greater than or about equal to 10(exp 3) and a brightness temperature that is greater than or about equal to 10(exp 7) kelvin. The other two lines also show signs of amplification, although to a lesser degree. Beyond H10(alpha) the amplification apparently vanishes. The newly detected amplified lines fall into the laser wavelength domain. These lasers, as well as the previously detected hydrogen masers may originate in the photoionized circumstellar disk of MWC 349A and constrain the disk's physics and structure.
Influence of Atchafalaya River Discharge and Winter Frontal Passage on Suspended Sediment Concentration and Flux in Fourleague Bay, Louisiana

Abstract Suspended sediment concentrations and fluxes between Fourleague Bay, Louisiana and the northern Gulf of Mexico were sampled every 3 h for 3 months to examine the importance of atmospheric cold fronts and riverine forcing on the functioning of this estuarine system. A cold front index was developed and used to identify major winter frontal passages likely to have the largest effects on material concentrations and transport. Suspended sediment concentrations ranged from 11 to 1527 mg l −1 ; the highest values occurred during winter frontal passages and the lowest during calm periods. High concentrations are generated by a continuous source of sediment from the Atchafalaya River and resuspension of benthic sediment via high intensity winds associated with cold fronts along with sufficient duration to keep the sediment in suspension. Spring peak discharge of the Atchafalaya River increased water levels and sediment concentrations in the bay leading to strong seasonal net exports of water (1·02×10 9 m 3 ) and sediment (1·72×10 8 kg) into the Gulf of Mexico through Oyster Bayou over the 89-day study. Net fluxes associated with tidal forcing were nearly balanced with a small net export due to freshwater input. The combination of high volumes of water originating from the northern bay and the restricted outlet to the Gulf often cause increased water levels and inundation of the surrounding marshes and potential advection of sediments onto the marsh surface. The results suggest that marsh drainage often increases the particulate organic carbon export as a result of marsh flushing.
Answering Queries Using Limited External Query Processors

When answering queries using external information sources, the contents of the queries can be described by views. To answer a query, we must rewrite it using the set of views presented by the sources. When the external information sources also have the ability to answer some (perhaps limited) sets of queries that require performing operations on their data, the set of views presented by the source may be infinite (albeit encoded in some finite fashion). Previous work on answering queries using views has only considered the case where the set of views is finite. In order to exploit the ability of information sources to answer more complex queries, we consider the problem of answering conjunctive queries using infinite sets of conjunctive views. Our first result is that an infinite set of conjunctive views can be partitioned into a finite number of equivalence classes, such that picking one view from every nonempty class is sufficient to determine whether the query can be answered using the views. Second, we show how to compute the set of equivalence classes for sets of conjunctive views encoded by a datalog program. Furthermore, we extend our results to the case when the query and the views use the built-in predicates <, ?, =, and ?, and they are interpreted over a dense domain. Finally, we extend our results to conjunctive queries and views with the built-in predicates <, ?, and = interpreted over the integers. In doing so we present a result of independent interest, namely, an algorithm to minimize such queries.
Doing Sociolinguistic Research on the French Minitel

This article discusses the problems involved in applying sociolinguistic field methods (which have been carefully honed for use in face-to-face encounters) to the area of computer-mediated communication, and more specifically, the French Minitel. In a mostly anonymous or pseudonymous forum such as the Minitel messagerie, individual demographic information such as age, gender, race, or class may be less important in understanding the message than the community values held by participants. Such ethically required (and heuristically useful) procedures as asking permission to record and giving participants segments of recordings to solicit their reactions and interpretations are often particularly hard to carry out. From this point of view, Minitel research comes to resemble graffiti analysis with its emphasis on the relationship between messages and between messages and ground, rather than on the writer and the written.
Rising NT-proBNP Is More Reflective of an Enlarging Right Ventricle Than of Changing RVEF in PAH

Purpose NT-proBNP and MRI have both been used as prognostic markers in PAH, but little is known regarding serial relationship of these parameters. Methods and Materials Thirty ambulatory PAH patients with concurrent MRI and NT-proBNP measurements were included. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups with NT-proBNP above vs below the median. Hazard ratios for the combined endpoint of death, transplant or atrial septostomy were calculated. Fourteen patients with serial testing were examined with regard to concordance between change in NT-proBNP and MRI findings. Results Baseline characteristics are consistent with prior reports relating NT-proBNP to MRI parameters. Age and sex adjusted hazard ratios for the combined endpoint were: NT-proBNP (per log fold increase) HR 4.18 (2.10-9.57), p 20% increase in NT-proBNP; RVEDVI increased >5% in 7/8 while RVEF declined in 3 and was unchanged in 5. Six patients had >20% decline in NT-proBNP; RVEDVI declined in 2 of those, was unchanged in 2 and rose in 2 while RVEF rose in 2, was unchanged in 3 and fell in 1. Conclusions Greater than 20% rise in NT-proBNP is highly predictive of progressive right ventricular enlargement in PAH. Rising NT-proBNP is more closely associated with an enlarging RV, likely reflecting increasing wall stress, than with changing RVEF. Declining NT-proBNP does not have consistent relationship to MRI parameters, perhaps being more reflective of altered filling pressures than of improvement in RV size or function. Baseline Characteristics by NT-proBNP Characteristics NTproBNP NTproBNP ≥ 1507 pg/ml p value 6-min walk (m) 439 ± 95 360 ± 104 .04 Echo Estimated RAP 11 ± 3 16 ± 4 .0005 Echo Estimated RVSP 86 ± 25 107 ± 28 .04 RVEF (%) 42 ± 11 30 ± 11 .006 RVEDVI ml/m2 120 ± 32 194 ± 88 .005 RVESVI ml/m2 73 ± 30 139 ± 72 .003
Multidecadal global and regional trends in 1000 mb and 500 mb cyclone frequencies

Trends in seasonal and annual frequencies of 1000 mb and 500 mb closed low pressure centers, or “cyclones”, over the 40 year period 1958–1997 are determined for latitudinal zones and regions of cyclogenesis. Statistically significant trends are found throughout the northern hemisphere and in the southern hemisphere tropics, though the trends vary by season. Opposite trends were observed at the two levels in some regions. No significant differences in cyclone frequencies were found when El Nino and La Nina years were compared. Cyclone frequencies in North America and Europe are poorly correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation.
Geosat data give wind speed and wave height

The Navy has released Geosat radar cross section and significant wave height data from the 18-month Geodetic Mission for use by the general public. These data, when combined with data from the Exact Repeat Mission, comprise the most dense global wind speed and wave height data set ever archived. The accuracy of the data when compared with NDBC buoys has been shown [Dobson et al., 1987] to be +/− 1.7 m/s for wind speed and +/− 0.5 m for wave height. The Geosat altimeter orbits the Earth at an altitude of 800 km and, during the Geodetic Mission, laid down a ground track which precessed about 100 km every 3 days forming a tight mesh over 72 days which was repeated for three consecutive 72-day periods. The primary mission of the instrument was to measure the marine geoid, but it also measured radar cross section (RCS) and significant wave height (SWH). RCS is the return signal backscattered from the ocean surface and is proportional to wind speed. SWH is obtained from the slope of radar-returned pulse. Data are available at a one per second rate with complete global coverage.
High-capacity transport system using differential phase-shift keying format and adaptive compensation

This paper reviews a transport system based on differential binary phase-shift keying (DPSK) and differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) formats and adaptive dispersion compensation, which will support the next generation high-capacity optically transparent network.
Understanding aging in containment cooling systems

A study has been performed to assess the effects of aging in nuclear power plant containment cooling systems. Failure records from national databases as well as plant-specific data were reviewed and analyzed to identify aging characteristics for this system. The predominant aging mechanisms were determined, along with the most frequently failed components and their associated failure modes. This paper discusses the aging mechanisms present in the containment spray system and the containment fan cooler system, which are two systems used to provide the containment cooling function. The failure modes, along with the relative frequency of each, are also discussed.
Energetic Characterization of Decomposing Sample Using Simultaneous Thermal Analysis

A simultaneous thermogravimetric analyzer was used to investigate the gravimetric and energetic behavior of a decomposing sample under inert atmosphere. Materials tested in the study included liquid chemicals, polymers and composite samples. Mathematical models were developed from the first law of thermodynamics to quantify the energetic characteristics of a decomposing sample. Along with the effect of evolved gas products, the temperature dependent thermal and physical properties were included in the development of the mathematical models. Models were used to obtain the heat of melting, standard heat of decomposition, heat of decomposition, and heat of gasification of the solid materials. It was determined that the heat of decomposition of a sample is different than the area difference of the apparent and sensible heat flow curves, an approach that is currently used in the literature. The standard heat of decomposition was measured and validated against the standard heat of evaporation of known chemicals. The standard heat of decomposition of a sample was found to be a constant quantity, irrespective of the sample heating rate, initial mass of the sample and the inert content (ash) in the initial mass of the sample. Thus, the standard heat of decomposition is proposed as a unique energetic property of a sample.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Fine-tuned conformation of dithioacylpapain intermediates: Insights from resonance Raman spectroscopy

Interpretation of the resonance Raman (RR) spectrum of functioning N-benzoylglycine dithioacylpapain, (C 6 H 5 C(=O)NHCH 2 C(=S)SCH 2 -papain) provides an estimate of four torsion angles near the point of catalytic attack. The torsion angles CN-CC, NC-CS(thiol), CS-CC, and SC-C α 25 N are -105, +15 o , gauche - , and P H (the hydrogen linked to C α 25 is in the trans position with respect to the thiol sulfur atom), respectively
Research Note: American Initiatives for the Relief of Greek Refugees, 1922–1923

In September 1922, after more than three years of war in Asia Minor, the Greek army was defeated by the Nationalist Turkish powers led by Mustafa Kemal. The atrocities from the part of the Turkish armed forces against the Christian populations of Asia Minor that followed the retreat of the Greek Army resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of people as well as the destruction of many Christian properties. Moreover, hundreds of thousands of Greeks from Asia Minor, Pontus, and Eastern Thrace were forced to flee to Greece in order to protect themselves from Kemal’s advancing Nationalist army. This article focuses on the various initiatives undertaken by the United States government and American charitable organizations, mainly the American Red Cross and Near East Relief, in order to relieve the victims of the Asia Minor Disaster. In this context, it is underlined that the United States showed the most tangible interest in that direction and that the American assistance during the first year after the Disaster helped save the lives of literally thousands of refugees.
Competitive activation model of perceptual interference in picture and word identification.

Perceptual interference is the finding that prior exposures to a target item's partial features inhibit its later identification. This study tests a competitive activation model of perceptual interference that attributes interference to the activation of competing responses generated by prior cues. We examined 2 sets of data that seemed to be inconsistent or incompatible with the model. The first is the observed positive effect of viewing time of stimuli (J. S. Bruner & M. C. Potter, 1964). The second is the finding that interference occurs only for studied or primed words (Z. F. Peynircioglu, 1987; Z. F. Peynircioglu & M. J. Watkins, 1986). Experiments 1 and 2 showed paradoxical effects of viewing time and found evidence supporting the competitive activation model. Experiment 3-6 failed to replicate Peynircioglu and Watkins' finding and showed that a performance level explanation compatible with the competitive activation model can account for all related results
n-Paraffins in the sediments and in situ fossils of the Lake Turkana Basin, Kenya

Abstract Residual hydrocarbons were extracted from a number of vertebrate fossils and their surrounding sediments collected at six sites in the Plio-Pleistocene sediments of paleo-Lake Turkana in northern Kenya. Gas chromatographic separation of these alkane fractions showed three recognizable suites of hydrocarbons, a C-15 to C-19 group derived from algae, a C-20 to C-30 group with no odd/ even preference derived from microbial action on soil organics, and a C-21 to C-35 group with high odd/even preference derived from plant waxes. No alkanes identifiable as being derived from the original animal fats were observed. The plant wax alkanes and microbial hydrocarbons were nearly ubiquitous, in sands, silts, clays and the fossils. The algal hydrocarbons, on the other hand, were found only in the sands and silts. There were no consistent differences between the hydrocarbon content of the fossils and the surrounding sediments. There were great local variations in alkane distribution, but no patterns were discernible. The total hydrocarbon content of these arid region sediments is almost vanishingly small compared to sediments in more temperate climates.
Continuum slip viscoplasticity with the Haasen constitutive model: Application to CdTe single crystal inelasticity

Small strain constitutive equations are developed for the thermomechanical behavior of semiconductor single crystals, including dislocation density as an evolving parameter. The model of Haasen, Alexander and coworkers is modified (extended) to include evolution of coefficients in the definition of internal stress. These account for an evolving dislocation substructure. The resulting model is applied in a continuum slip framework to allow multiple slip orientations. Slip system interaction rules are adapted to include slip system interaction for multiple slip conditions and to suppress secondary slip and dislocation density generation for single slip orientations. The approach is discussed relative to other models for viscoplasticity of single crystals and is examined in the context of thermodynamics with internal state variables. The framework is used to correlate experimental data from compression tests of single crystals of the compound semiconductor CdTe from room temperature to near the melting point. Sensitivity of the model to uncertainties such as initial dislocation density is explored.
Controlling percolation in field-structured particle composites: Observations of giant thermoresistance, piezoresistance, and chemiresistance

Composites of conductive particles in an insulating phase are conductive if the particle volume fraction exceeds the percolation threshold. Composites prepared slightly above the percolation threshold have a conductivity that is sensitive to small volume changes, and thus have potential as temperature, pressure, or chemical sensors. In practice it is difficult to prepare composites close to the percolation threshold, and the critical current-carrying path gives a rather low sample conductivity. We find that magnetic-field-structured composites, consisting of gold-coated magnetic particle chains in a polymeric resin, can be reproducibly brought to the percolation threshold, regardless of particle concentration. The low-dimensionality conducting chains form a dense population of critical current paths with extreme sensitivity to composite volume changes. These field-structured composites thus exhibit giant thermoresistance, piezoresistance, and chemiresistance, and should be useful as sensor materials.
Dispersal of the Japanese Beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in Strip-Cropped Soybean Agroecosystems

Marked Japanese beetles, Popillia japonica Newman, were released and recaptured in experimental plots to test the effect of contrasting types of strip-cropped soybean agroecosystems on beetle dispersal. Experimental treatments were soybean monoculture, soybean strip-cropped with dwarf sorghum (≍1 m tall), and soybean strip-cropped with tall sorghum (>2 m tall). Three hundred marked Japanese beetles were released in the center soybean strip of each treatment in small (0.11 ha) and large (0.45 ha) experimental plots. Beetles remained longer in the center soybean strip in the strip-cropped bicultures than in the monocultures indicating that the sorghum strips inhibited their movement. Dispersal rates were similar in dwarf and tall sorghum treatments despite differences in plant height. Significantly more marked beetles in the small plots, however, emigrated from the ends of the center soybean strip in the tall sorghum biculture than in the other two treatments indicating that tall sorghum oriented beetles to move parallel to intercropped strips. Japanese beetles responded to the sharp boundaries between host and nonhost habitat patches, as has been previously reported for host specific herbivorous insects. Results suggest that strip-cropping can affect the movement of polyphagous herbivorous insects and provide benefits for pest management in large-scale agroecosystems.
Mechanisms of Enhanced Osteoblast Adhesion on Nanophase Alumina Involve Vitronectin

The role, including concentration, conformation, and bioactivity, of adsorbed vitronectin in enhancing osteoblast adhesion on nanophase alumina was investigated in the present study. Vitronectin adsorbed in a competitive environment in the highest concentration on nanophase alumina compared to conventional alumina. Enhanced adsorption of vitronectin on nanophase alumina was possibly due to decreased adsorption of apolipoprotein A-I and/or increased adsorption of calcium on nanophase alumina. In a novel manner, the present study utilized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to determine the conformation of vitronectin adsorbed on nanophase alumina. These results provided the first evidence of increased unfolding of vitronectin adsorbed on nanophase alumina. Increased adsorption of calcium on nanophase alumina may affect the conformation of adsorbed vitronectin specifically to promote unfolding of the macromolecule to expose cell-adhesive epitopes recognized by specific cell-membrane receptors. Results ...
Flux transfer events at Mercury

An examination of high-resolution Mariner 10 magnetic measurements in the vicinity of the Mercury magnetopause for the three available crossings at high resolution reveals the signatures of what have been called flux transfer events (FTE). These events occur both in the magnetosheath and in the magnetosphere. They last about 1 s and hence have a dimension of about 400 km, or about 5 percent of the width of the Mercury magnetosphere. This relative dimension is similar to that observed at earth, but the repetition rate is about an order of magnitude faster at Mercury. The net amount of flux transfer is much less than that at the earth. It is estimated that less than 1 percent of the available solar wind potential drop is appliefd by FTEs to the magnetosphere of Mercury. Evidence for 'steady state' reconnection is also observed which may apply a potential drop from 5 to 25 kV across the Mercury magnetopause. The magnetopause itself appears to be about 500 km thick. The shape of the magnetopause at the crossing locations can be approximated with a simple rotatinally symmetric conic section, with its focus at the center of the planet and an eccentricity of 0.8.
CORE ITEMS FOR EVALUATION OF COMMUNITY COLLEGE INSTRUCTION

Summary.-A summarive evaluation instrument was administered to 4575 community college students, and three factors identified: Instructor Competence, Student Effort, and Accountability. Items may be used as a brief scale or part of a cafeteria-type evaluation system. Community colleges are faced with the task of balancing a liberal education ("learning to be") with an occupational education ("learning to do") (Brubacher, 1977; Cochran, 1970). Any instructional evaluation instrument designed for use at the postsecondary level must be (a) applicable to both liberal arts and vocational-technical courses, (b) highly readable for student clientele. (c) relatively brief in item length, and (d) comprehensive (Cattell's concept of "touching all points of the compass"). The purpose of the present study was to identify a set of "core" items applicable to communiry college instruction, and useful in a proposed implementation of a cafeteria system of
Science initiative for international development

[1] A new initiative to use science to address global development challenges was launched by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) on 7 July. Partnerships for Enhanced Engagement in Research (PEER) will capitalize on competitively awarded investments to support and build scientific and technical capacity in the developing world, according to the agencies. USAID has allocated $7 million for PEER, which the agencies indicate could leverage an additional $25–50 million in NSFfunded research at U.S. institutions to focus on issues including climate change, disaster mitigation, water, renewable energy, and food security. The program is beginning with six pilot programs in Asia and Africa, including fostering a Bangladeshi seismological community, studying the impacts of land use on biodiversity dynamics in Burkina Faso, and examining climate change and integrated resource management around Agougou Natural Pond in Mali.
Atmospheric stability and gravity wave dissipation in the mesopause region

Abstract High-resolution temperature profile data collected at the Urbana Atmospheric Observatory (40°N, 88°W) and Starfire Optical Range, NM (35°N, 106.5°W) with a Na lidar are used to assess the stability of the mesopause region between 80 and 105 km . The mean diurnal and annual temperature profiles demonstrate that in the absence of gravity wave and tidal perturbations, the background atmosphere is statically stable throughout the day and year. Thin layers of instability can be generated only when the combined perturbations associated with tides and gravity waves induce large vertical shears in the horizontal wind and temperature profiles. There is a region of reduced stability below the mesopause between 80 and 90 km where the temperature lapse rate is large and the buoyancy parameter N2 is low. The vertical heat flux is maximum in this region which suggests that this is also a region of significant wave dissipation. There is also a region of enhanced stability above 95 km in the lower thermosphere where N2 is large. There appears to be little wave dissipation above 95 km because the temperature variance increases rapidly with increasing altitude in this region and the vertical heat flux is zero.
ARIADNE: Agnostic Reconfiguration in a Disconnected Network Environment

Extreme transistor technology scaling is causing increasing concerns in device reliability: the expected lifetime of individual transistors in complex chips is quickly decreasing, and the problem is expected to worsen at future technology nodes. With complex designs increasingly relying on Networks-on-Chip (NoCs) for on-chip data transfers, a NoC must continue to operate even in the face of many transistor failures. Specifically, it must be able to reconfigure and reroute packets around faults to enable continued operation, i.e., generate new routing paths to replace the old ones upon a failure. In addition to these reliability requirements, NoCs must maintain low latency and high throughput at very low area budget. In this work, we propose a distributed reconfiguration solution named Ariadne, targeting large, aggressively scaled, unreliable NoCs. Ariadne utilizes up*/down* for fast routing at high bandwidth, and upon any number of concurrent network failures in any location, it reconfigures to discover new resilient paths to connect the surviving nodes. Experimental results show that Ariadne provides a 40%-140% latency improvement (when subject to 50 faults in a 64-node NoC) over other on-chip state-of-the-art fault tolerant solutions, while meeting the low area budget of on-chip routers with an overhead of just 1.97%.
A note on “Hand-eye calibration”

Hand-eye calibration determines the geometric relationship between a robot hand and a hand-mounted sensor. In Horaud and Dornaika (1995), many contributions are made to the the oretical and experimental development of hand-eye calibration. Nevertheless, some of the authors' views deserve further discus sion, with respect to the limitations and merits of the classical and the new formulations.
Beyond Left and Right: INSURGENCY AND THE ESTABLISHMENT

"Beyond Left and Right" is a sweeping overview of political insurgency in the United States from the 1880s to the present. It is at once a stunning synthesis, drawing on a large number of scholarly works, and an ambitious and original piece of research. The book ranges over diverse individuals and groups that have attacked the established order, from the left and the right, from the Populists of the 1890s to Ross Perot and the religious right of our times, dealing along the way with non-interventionists, Klans, monetary radicals, McCarthyites, Birchers, and Reaganites, among many others.
A study of protein dynamics from anisotropy decays obtained by variable frequency phase-modulation fluorometry: internal motions of N-methylanthraniloyl melittin

Abstract Internal motions of melittin and its lipid complexes were studied by anisotropy decays determined by frequency-domain fluorometry. A content anthraniloyl probe was attached, probably to lysine-21. The emission spectra indicate that the anthraniloyl moiety is exposed to solvent in both monomeric and tetrameric forms and is present at the lipid-water interfacial region in the lipid complexes. The fluorescence intensity decay of melittin in solution and its lipid complexes was characterized by three lifetimes. The lifetimes were near 1–2 ns, 6–7 ns and 10 ns. At increased temperatures there was an increase in the amplitude of the intermediate lifetime and a decrease in that of the longer lifetime. For all the melittin systems, at least three correlation times were required to fit the anisotropy data. Of the three correlation times, the shortest correlation time represents the local motions of the probe, while the longest represents global motions of the whole molecule. The intermediate correlation time probably represents the dynamics of domains/helices within the molecule. The melittin monomer is highly flexible, with greater than 90% of its anisotropy being lost by the local motions. Even though it is well organized ( > 75% helical), the tetramer is still a highly flexible molecule, with 70% of its anisotropy being lost by the local motions. The internal' motions of melittin decrease upon binding to lipids and are sensitive to the phase state of the lipid complexes
Research using actual behavior encourages and confirms accurate self-report: A response to Griffiths’ (2010) further comments

Griffiths (this issue, 2011) expresses three over-arching scientific concerns about our article. First, noting the omission of some reports, Griffiths claimed that our article “… is a misrepresenta...
Correlates of sexual experience among university students.

(1973). Correlates of sexual experience among university students. The Journal of Sex Research: Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 124-131.
Use of Multiquadric Interpolation for Meteorological Objective Analysis

Abstract The method of multiquadric interpolation is described and compared to the Barnes and Cressman methods of meteorological objective analysis. The method of multiquadric interpolation uses hyperboloid radial basis functions to fit scattered data to a uniform grid. Results for an analytical function indicate that the method is more accurate than the Barnes or Cressman methods. Application to actual meteorological data indicates that multiquadric interpolation produces excellent analyses that retain small-scale features resolved by the observations in any subregion of the analysis.