cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Calcium current activation kinetics in isolated pyramidal neurones of the Ca1 region of the mature guinea‐pig hippocampus.

1. Neurones were isolated from the CA1 region of the guinea-pig hippocampus and subjected to the whole-cell mode of voltage clamping, to determine the kinetics of voltage-gated Ca2+ channel activation. 2. Isolated neurones had an abbreviated morphology, having lost most of the distal dendritic tree during the isolation procedure. The electrical compactness of the cells facilitates voltage clamp analysis. 3. Block of sodium and potassium currents revealed a persistent current activated on depolarization above -40 mV, which inactivated slowly when the intracellular medium contained EGTA. The current was blocked by Co2+ and Cd2+, augmented by increases in Ca2+ and could be carried by Ba2+, suggesting that the current is borne by Ca2+. 4. Steady-state activation of the Ca2+ current was found to be well described by the Boltzman equation raised to the second power. 5. The open channel's current-voltage (I-V) relationship rectified in the inward direction and was consistent with the constant-field equation. 6. The kinetics of Ca2+ current onset followed m2 kinetics throughout the range of its activation. Tail current kinetics were in accord with this model. A detailed Hodgkin-Huxley model was derived, defining the activation of this current. 7. The kinetics of the currents observed in this regionally and morphologically defined class of neurones were consistent with the existence of a single kinetic class of channels.
Water Soluble and Water Stable Non‐Covalent Adducts of Sodium Poly(α,L‐glutamate)/Poly(ethylene glycol). Method of Preparation and Characterization of Structure

Water soluble and water stable non‐covalent adducts of sodium poly(α,L‐glutamate) (PGNA, Mol.Wt. 17, 32 and 38 K) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, Mol.Wt. 10 K) were prepared by solution blending. The adducts were purified by a phase separation technique. Two‐dimensional (2D)‐NOESY 1H‐NMR spectroscopy studies show that PEG was non‐covalently bound to PGNA by hydrophobic interactions between CH2 groups of PEG and methylene (both β and γ CH2) groups of PGNA in an aqueous solution. Because of the nature and strength of hydrophobic interactions between PEG and PGNA, adducts with a different degree of water stability may be prepared. Studies indicate that the PGNA 17K/PEG 10 K adducts were significantly more water stable than the PGNA 32K/PEG 10 K adduct. Prolonged water stability (>2 weeks at 25°C) was observed for the β binding (i.e., PEG bound to inner layer of PGNA molecule) compared to γ binding (i.e. PEG in the outer layer of PGNA).
Can the CFO stop white collar crime

When there's an accounting scandal, one of the first casualties can be the CFO. What can the CFO do to protect himself—and his company—from white collar crime, as the number of scandals continues to grow? © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Antibodies to the Physiochemical-Consensus Sequence of Jug r 2 Containing Glutamine-Rich Repeats Bind Allergens in Peanuts and Other Tree Nuts

S A T U R D A Y 75 Antibodies to the Physiochemical-Consensus Sequence of Jug r 2 Containing Glutamine-Rich Repeats Bind Allergens in Peanuts and Other Tree Nuts Catherine Schein, PhD, Suzanne S. Teuber, MD, FAAAAI, Hsiaopo Cheng, MS, Casey C. Grimm, Soheila J. Maleki, PhD; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, UC Davis, USDA-ARSSRRC, New Orleans, LA. RATIONALE: Many peanut allergic individuals also react to tree nuts even though the allergenic proteins have low overall sequence similarity. The property distance (PD) scale in the Structural Database for Allergic Proteins (SDAP) identified repeated regions in the Jug r 2 leader sequence (LS) similar to known IgE binding areas of the peanut allergen Ara h 2, suggesting these were potential cross-reactive epitopes. METHODS: The Jug r 2 LS was expressed recombinantly. Peptides representing a physicochemical property (PCP) consensus sequence for a cluster of glutamine-rich repeat sequences in this region, identified by the PD scale, were synthesized chemically. Antibodies against a consensus, 13 amino acid sequence peptide, were generated, and used to identify reactive bands in crude extracts of nuts in western blotting. Proteins in the reactive bands were identified by mass spectroscopy. RESULTS: The polyclonal antisera recognized a similar pattern of bands in nut extracts as IgE in the sera of patients with documented clinical allergy to peanuts and tree nuts, indicating the consensus peptide represented one of the most relevant epitopes in the nut extracts. The bands corresponded in size and sequence to major allergens that were predicted to contain similar sequences, using the PD tool, including Ara h 2, almond Pru du 6, cashew Ana o 1 and pistachio Pis v 2. CONCLUSIONS: The repeated sequences in the Jug r 2-LS, summarized by a PCP-consensus sequence, have homologues in many major nuts allergens. Regions of similar physicochemical properties can account for clinically significant cross-reactions among nuts.
Thrust and wake characterization in small, robust ultrasonic thrusters

Among the new technologies in marine robotics is the trend toward smaller, cheaper and highly maneuverable vehicles, which could operate in swarms and also in very narrow and cluttered environments. A key challenge for vehicles with characteristic length of tens of centimeters scale is propulsion, where the designer faces high complexity in small vehicular space, as well as fouling concerns. Toward this end, we review and characterize the ultrasonic thruster (UST), which may be an attractive alternative to rotary and biomimetic-type actuators. The UST is a piezoelectric transducer that generates high-power, high-frequency acoustic waves, to produce bulk fluid movement for propulsion. We have systematically measured thrust and flow characteristics for a 7mm-diameter transducer with a range of voltages and sinusoidal frequencies, and varying duty cycles for a rectangular source signal; further, we installed three transducers into a 21cm underwater vehicle prototype. The experimental results allow us to outline the major parameters and considerations in our small vehicle and infer the mission length and speed using the UST technology.
Steady-State Solution of the Queuing System Eu/M/s with Batch Service

This paper develops the steady-state solution for the queuing system with s parallel servers when arrivals are serviced in batches of size Q. The service time for all servers is exponentially distributed and the customer interarrival times are Erlangian of degree u.
Modulation of Cellular Insulin signaling and PTP1B effects by lipid metabolites in skeletal muscle cells

Abstract Normal glucose regulation is achieved by having adequate insulin secretion and effective glucose uptake/disposal. Excess lipids in peripheral tissues — skeletal muscle, liver and adipose tissue — may attenuate insulin signaling through the protein kinase B (AKt) pathway and up-regulate protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B), a negative regulator of insulin signaling. We studied accumulation of lipid metabolites [triglycerides (TAGs), diglycerides (DAGs)] and ceramides in relation to insulin signaling and expression and phosphorylation of PTP1B by preincubating rat skeletal muscle cells (L6 myotubes) with three saturated and three unsaturated free fatty acids (FFAs) (200 μM). Cells were also evaluated in the presence of wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases and thus AKt (0–100 nM). Unsaturated FFAs increased DAGs, TAGs and PTP1B expression significantly, but cells remained insulin sensitive as assessed by robust AKt and PTP1B phosphorylation at serine (Ser) 50, Ser 398 and tyrosine 152. Saturated palmitic and stearic acids increased ceramides, up-regulated PTP1B, and had AKt and PTP1B phosphorylation at Ser 50 impaired. We show a significant correlation between phosphorylation levels of AKt and of PTP1B at Ser 50 (R2=0.84, P
Optical Properties of Polytypes of Germanium

The atomic arrangement of the ideal amorphous form of germanium is thought to be a tetrahedrally coordinated random network. Bearing in mind that the diamond structure is only one crystalline example of such a network, it is instructive to compare the density of states and the optical spectrum of amorphous Ge not only with these same quantities calculated for cubic Ge, but also with those for such simple polytypes as the wurtzite-like 2H structure with four atoms per unit cell and the 4H structure with eight atoms per unit cell. All three structures have identical first and second nearest neighbors, but differ at the third nearest neighbors and beyond. We can gain insight into both Brillouin zone and short range order effects by studying these three theoretically possible polytypes, assigning to each the same atomic density and nearest neighbor separation.
Creating advanced functions on network processors: experience and perspectives

In this article we present five case studies of advanced networking functions that detail how a network processor (NP) can provide high performance and also the necessary flexibility compared with ASIC. We first review the basic NP system architectures, and describe the IBM PowerNP architecture from the data plane as well as the control plane point of view. We introduce models for the programmer's views of NP that facilitate a global understanding of NP software programming. Then, for each case study, we present results from prototypes as well as general considerations that apply to a wider range of system architectures. Specifically, we investigate the suitability of NP for QoS (active queue management and traffic engineering), header processing (GPRS tunneling protocol), intelligent forwarding (load balancing without flow disruption), payload processing (code interpretation and just-in-time compilation in active networks), and protocol stack termination (SCTP). Finally, we summarize the key features as revealed by each case study, and conclude with remarks on the future of NP.
To prosper, organizational psychology should… bridge application and scholarship

Academics and practitioners differ on so many dimensions that researchers have described them as living in different “thought worlds.” That gap persists, and there are important explanations for it, but a confluence of economic and organizational forces is driving academics and practitioners toward each other. To date, much of the effort by academics to reach out to practitioners has focused on the diffusion of scientific knowledge, not its creation. This paper explores several promising strategies for improving both the bidirectional diffusion of knowledge as well as its creation. It argues that for genuine change to occur, it is necessary to modify academic reward systems and to promote much closer collaboration between academics and practitioners. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A historical look at the transmetatarsal amputation and its changing indications

In March 1949, McKittrick described the use of the transmetatarsal amputation for the diabetic foot, along with specific indications. Infection, ischemia, and neuropathic ulcerations of the toes and forefoot were all treated with this procedure. In the past 30 years, however, advances in the management of these problems have led to a decrease in the number of transmetatarsal amputations performed at the New England Deaconess Hospital. With these advances, the current approach to the transmetatarsal amputation has changed, leading to significant modifications in the basic indications for this procedure.
Does Thighplasty for Upper Thigh Laxity After Massive Weight Loss Require a Vertical Incision

Background: After massive weight loss (MWL), many patients present with concerns about skin excess and laxity. The thigh is one of the more complex regions to address in MWL patients because of the differing degree, location, and quality of skin excess and fatty tissue, as well as surgical risk factors. Objective: The authors describe a technique called the anterior proximal extended (APEX) thighlift to effectively treat upper thigh skin excess with a hidden scar while also enhancing adjacent body regions. Methods: A review was performed of 97 MWL patients who underwent thighlift surgery between March 1998 and October 2007. Eighty-six women and 11 men, with average weight loss of 146 lb and average body mass index (BMI) at contouring of 29.8, were included in the study. The risk factors that were assessed included age, gender, medical conditions, tobacco use, BMI, weight of skin excised, and surgery performed. The outcomes that were assessed included wound healing and lymphedema. Extended vertical thighlift was performed in 11 patients and anterior superior thighlift in 86 patients. Results: Complications of thighlift included wound healing problems (n = 18; 18.6%); lymphedema (n = 8; 8.3%); cellulitis (n = 7; 7.2%); seroma (n = 3; 3.1%); and bleeding (n = 1; 1%). On multivariate statistical analysis, age and BMI were found to impair healing in the entire thighlift group. For patients with a BMI greater than or equal to 35, the odds ratio (OR) for a wound healing complication was 13.7 ( P = .03). Hypothyroidism was strongly associated with lymphedema, with an OR of 23 ( P = .06). Extended thighlift trended toward lymphedema (OR = 16.7; P = .08). Conclusions: Thighlift can be a satisfying procedure for both the patient and surgeon because it provides aesthetic improvement in terms of skin excess and laxity. The APEX thighlift is a new technique that expands upon those previously described in the literature to effectively treat upper thigh laxity with a hidden scar after MWL.
Some Present-Day Implications of Modern Foreign Language Teaching

Author's summary.— Not merely in view of “practical” or “cultural” considerations, but primarily from the standpoint of certain implications which from a long-range point of view are both intensely practical and deeply cultural, is that type of foreign language teaching, which stresses humanistically significant subject matter, of extreme value to our country in the present crisis and of greater import for its future than ever before.
Effects of Prescribed Fire and Other Plant Community Restoration Treatments on Tree Mortality, Bark Beetles, and Other Saproxylic Coleoptera of Longleaf Pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the Coastal Plain of Alabama

Abstract Treatments to restore understory plant communities of mature (50–80-year old) longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris Mill.) and reduce risks of wildfire were applied to 10 ha plots that had a substantial shrub layer due to lack of fire. Plots were located in the Coastal Plain of Alabama and treatments consisted of: (1) untreated control, (2) growing season prescribed burn, (3) thin only, (4) thin plus growing season burn, and (5) herbicide plus growing season burn. Thin plus burn plots had significantly higher tree mortality compared to burn only and control plots and, overall, fire was the primary cause of tree death. Most tree mortality occurred within 1-year of treatment. From 2002 to 2004, we captured 75,598 Coleoptera in multiple funnel traps comprising 17 families and 130 species. Abundance of all Coleoptera combined was not different among treatments. Species richness was significantly higher on thin plus burn plots compared to thin only and control plots. Scolytinae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) were more abundant on thin plus burn plots compared to control plots in fall 2002 but in fall 2003 they were more abundant on thin plus burn, thin only, and herbicide plus burn compared to controls. Among Scolytinae, Dendroctonus terebrans (Olivier), Xyleborinus saxeseni (Ratzeburg), Xyleborus sp. 3, and Hylastes tenuis (Eichhoff), showed varying responses to the treatments. Other Curculionidae were significantly more abundant on thin only and herbicide plus burn plots compared to all other treatments in spring 2003 and in spring 2004 they were more abundant on herbicide plus burn plots compared to thin plus burn treatments. Among Cerambycidae, Xylotrechus sagittatus (Germar) was higher in abundance in fall 2003 on thin plus burn plots compared to all other treatments except herbicide plus burn plots. Within the predator complex, Trogositidae were higher on thin plus burn plots compared to all other treatments except thin only plots in spring 2003, and Cleridae abundance was higher in spring 2004 on burn only plots compared to all other treatments. Linear regression analyses of dead trees per plot versus various Coleoptera showed captures of Buprestidae, Cerambycidae, Trogositidae, Acanthocinus nodosus (Fabricius), Temnochila virescens (Fabricius), and X. saxeseni increased with increasing number of dead trees. Our results show that the restoration treatments tested did not cause increased bark beetle-related tree mortality and they did not negatively affect populations of early successional saproxylic beetle fauna.
The School Nurse: Friend to the School Principal, Member of the Administrative Team

School health care programs sustain the physical, psychological, and emotional well-being of students and contribute in great measure to overall cognitive and social development. School principals should involve the school nurse as a valued member of the instructional staff and as an important member of the administrative team.
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: Endoscopic Transaxillary First Rib Approach—23 Years Experience (1985–2008)

Thoracic outlet syndrome is a condition related to compression of the subclavian axillary vein, artery, and brachial plexus due to significant congenital anomalies of the scalenus muscle’s insertion at the first rib. In situations associated with trauma or occupational demand on the upper extremity, the functional relationship between these neurovascular structures, scalenus muscles, and the first rib appears to be altered.
Relationship Between Structure and Luminescent Properties of Epitaxial Grown Y2O3:Eu Thin Films on LaAlO3 Substrates

Cathodoluminescence images of individual pores have been obtained at nanometer resolution in europium-activated yttrium oxide (Y2O3:Eu) (001) thin films, epitaxially grown on LaAlO3 (001) substrates. Comparison with Z-contrast images, obtained simultaneously, directly show the “dead layer” to be about 5 nm thick. This “dead layer” is the origin of the reduced emission efficiency with increasing pore size. Pore sizes were varied by using different substrate temperatures and laser pulse repetition rates during film growth. These films are epitaxially aligned with the substrate, which is always Al terminated.
Classroom Goal Structures and HIV and Pregnancy Prevention Education in Rural High School Health Classrooms

Over 5,000 adolescents enrolled in required rural high school health courses reported their perceptions of mastery and extrinsic goal structures in their health classrooms. Data were collected from all students at three time points (prior to HIV/pregnancy instruction, three months after instruction, and one year after instruction). Results indicated that classroom goal structures were related to both proximal and distal knowledge, attitudes, intentions, and efficacy beliefs. Results in particular indicate that the perception of a mastery goal structure in health education classrooms fosters knowledge, improved attitudes, enhanced efficacy beliefs, and lower intentions to have sexual intercourse.
The Effects of Self-Regulation, Motivation, Anxiety, and Attributions on Mathematics Achievement for Fifth and Sixth Grade Students

For this quantitative study, a total of n = 761 students (58.1% female) from selected fifth- and sixth-grade mathematics classrooms in Alabama were surveyed in order to investigate the relationships between self-regulated learning, motivation, anxiety, attributions and achievement in mathematics. Data analyses revealed that significant contributions are made by motivation and anxiety on both test score and mathematics grade for fifth grade students. Specific factors (e.g., self-efficacy, worry, other, and failure) were related to academic performance while failure attribution was significantly related to mathematics grade. As for sixth grade students, data analyses showed relationships exist between motivation, anxiety and academic performance with specific factors (i.e., self-efficacy, intrinsic value, and worry) significantly predicting both test score and mathematics grade for sixth graders. The findings underlie the importance of motivation and anxiety for students and how these constructs interact to facilitate self-regulation over the course of developing expertise in a domain, such as mathematics.
Female sexual orientation and pubertal onset

Both sexual orientation and pubertal onset are sexually dimorphic. Biologic theories of sexual orientation emphasize the role of early androgens in sexual differentiation of partner preference. If homosexual individuals have been subject to atypical androgenizing influences, such influences may also affect other sexually dimorphic traits, such as pubertal timing. Based on this rationale as well as promising evidence from a prior twin study, we examined the onset of puberty in lesbians. We hypothesized that lesbians would have a later (i.e., more masculine) age of pubertal onset compared to heterosexual women. We investigated this hypothesis in a sample of community volunteers and a second sample of discordant twins. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant differences in pubertal onset between homosexual and heterosexual women.
High-Frequency Resonance Mitigation for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles’ Integration With a Wide Range of Grid Conditions

An adaptive virtual resistor-based controller is proposed to resolve the high-frequency resonance and controller instability issues associated with the integration of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) with different grid conditions. The issues related to grid integration of PHEVs are presented and analyzed. When connected with different grids, the variety of grid impedance, results in the instability of the controller with fixed compensation gain. The proposed controller uses grid current and filter capacitor current to form a virtual resistor controller. Furthermore, the resonant frequency is extracted and is the criterion used to tune the compensation gain to make the proposed control behave as a controllable virtual resistor. The control-loop modeling, design, and analysis are presented. The adaptive tuning capability is analyzed. The control loop is designed under different grid conditions and the control robustness to the impedance variation is examined. The experimental results verify that the proposed controller can be applied to a wide range of grid conditions stably and can also achieve good performance with regard to total and individual harmonics.
1999 in Review

In keeping with an Optical Engineering tradition, I want to report on the state of the journal at the end of 1999. The most remarkable aspect of this year’s production was probably noticed by most readers—it’s thinner...a lot thin-ner. The number of pages and papers has dropped by a third. In an era of ever-increasing numbers—at least if you listen to the ﬁnancial news these days—this result would be announced in the gravest tones. Down is bad. For Op-tical Engineering, I believe that the reduced page and paper counts were the result of a change in approach to editing the journal.
The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 Mw7.1 Hector Mine earthquake, California, from space geodetic observations

We use Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data to derive continuous maps for three orthogonal components of the co-seismic surface displacement field due to the 1999 M_w7.1 Hector Mine earthquake in southern California. Vertical and horizontal displacements are both predominantly antisymmetric with respect to the fault plane, consistent with predictions of linear elastic models of deformation for a strike-slip fault. Some deviations from symmetry apparent in the surface displacement data may result from complexity in the fault geometry.
Design and calibration of the SeaWinds Scatterometer

The SeaWinds Scatterometer is a Ku-band Earth orbiting remote sensing radar. It has a 1 m dish antenna shared by two beams with respective nadir look angles of 40 and 46 deg, scanning azimuthally to provide greater than 90% daily coverage of the Earth at an altitude of 800 km. The first sensor was launched in 1999 and produces sea surface wind field to 2 m/s accuracy at 25 km resolution. The design and calibration of the SeaWinds radar is described here.
An Alternative Set Of Surface Error Descriptors For Grazing Incidence Optics

Orthonormal polynomials have long been used to describe optic surface errors. Previously, the product of Fourier and Legendre polynomials has been used to describe the surface errors of grazing incidence optics. We have applied an alternative set, Fourier-Fourier polynomials, to describe the surface errors. This set functionally differs from the Fourier-Legendre set in that each term has a finite bandwidth frequency spectrum. We discuss the advantages of this difference with respect to predictions of grazing incidence telescope performance based upon measured surface figure errors.
A Modernidade Sincopada: moda de viola e o êxodo rural no Brasil

Este artigo apresenta o resultado parcial de uma pesquisa de doutorado sobre a ascensao da modernidade no Brasil, conforme registro feito pela moda de viola que e um genero musical de origem rural caracterizado por narrativas entoadas segundo uma melodia especifica que e cantada em duo de vozes.Assim como acontece com a musica popular brasileira em geral, a sincopa e parte constitutiva da moda de viola ou ao menos no “recortado” feito na viola caipira originaria de Portugal. Contudo, alem da sincopa do recortado e eventualmente do canto, ha ainda uma sincopa tematica presente no conteudo das narrativas que registraram as tensoes e os limites de um esforco de conciliacao entre o tradicional e o moderno donde haveria de surgir o ethos do Brasil urbano.
Mapping Tasks to Processors to Minimize Communication Time in a Multiprocessor System

The problem of mapping tasks to processors in a multi-processor system in order to minimize communication time is addressed. The following assumptions about the problem are made. Communication among tasks follows a static pattern; all processors are identical; and all tasks are similar. We formulate the problem as a quadratic assignment problem (QAP). Two significant features of such a QAP are its large size and sparseness.
DTI Detection of Longitudinal WM Abnormalities Due to Accumulated Head Impacts

Longitudinal evaluation using diffusion-weighted imaging and collision event monitoring was performed on high school athletes who participate in American football. Observed changes in white matter health were suggestive of injury and found to be correlated with accumulation of head collision events during practices and games.
Multiple Station Exams and Teaching Exercises (MSEs) for Teaching about Teaching

A Multiple Station Exam/Exercise (MSE) was used as part of a faculty development workshop on interview teaching. Participants alternated playing the roles of residents, faculty and standardized patients. The objectives were to summarize the interview topics addressed throughout the course, to practice instruction and feedback skills and to familiarize participants with the mechanics of MSEs. This paper describes the logistics of such a teaching exercise and addresses its opportunities and challenges.
Abstract C13: Use of air monitoring and urine biomarker assays to measure geographic disparities in exposure to VOCs in Washington, DC

The District of Columbia has one of the highest cancer incidence and mortality rates in the nation in conjunction with significant cancer-related geographic and racial disparities. Increased exposure to environmental carcinogens, such as benzene, in high risk areas of DC is of public health importance and may play a role in these disparities in cancer incidences and mortality rates. Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), such as toluene and benzene, are absorbed by the body and undergo metabolism to produce bio-activated (can lead to cancer and other serious health effects) metabolites that are excreted from the body via the urine and/or feces. Air monitoring and urinary biomarker assays are accepted methods for exposure assessment of VOCs but little is known regarding the correlation between the two. In this study we compared the urinary concentrations of hippuric acid and t,t-muconic acid (two known benzene and toluene metabolites, respectively) with indoor and outdoor exposure levels of toluene and benzene in high risk ( 3 miles from the highway/freeway) in Washington, DC. First morning void urine samples were collected from 16 adult residents in high risk areas and 14 adult residents in low risk areas after 72 hours of air monitoring. Urine samples were sent to NMS laboratory and metabolite levels were measured using liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry. Indoor and outdoor benzene and toluene levels were measured in the same homes over 72 hours using a 3M Organic Vapor Monitor and analyzed using gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC/MS). t,t-muconic acid urinary concentration levels in normal non-exposed individuals has been previously reported at .0001g/l and hippuric acid levels have been reported at Citation Format: Ashley Corrin Huderson, Chiranjeev Dash, Lucile Adams-Campbell. Use of air monitoring and urine biomarker assays to measure geographic disparities in exposure to VOCs in Washington, DC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Sixth AACR Conference: The Science of Cancer Health Disparities; Dec 6–9, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr C13. doi:10.1158/1538-7755.DISP13-C13
Another Law School Course? On Law Librarianship?

What’s that you say? Another law school course? On Librarianship? You’ve got to be kidding. Those were my unspoken thoughts upon hearing this idea suggested by Professor Samuel Menefee, a staunch supporter of the law library and active member of the Library committee. My colleague, Professor Menefee, is a constant source of creative ideas for the law library, and its most active supporter among nonlibrarians. Is there REALLY a need for a course in Law Librarianship in the law school curriculum? The Regent Law School curriculum committee answered that question in the affirmative a couple of years ago, much to my surprise and delight. Having now just finished teaching the new Law Librarianship Seminar – believed to be the first offered by an American law school on the subject – I have been encouraged by several colleagues to write an article describing the course so that others may benefit from the experience, and so that other law schools might consider offering such a course to students who are proficient in legal research and might be interested in law librarianship as an alternative to the traditional practice of law. This article addresses several questions I asked initially. Why was the course needed, and what would be the perceived benefits? What would be the focus of the course? How should it be organized? What criteria for selection of articles for assigned reading and discussion would be used? What should be included, as well as excluded? Who would teach it? Where would classes be held? Would enough students be interested in taking such a course? Also discussed are the process of implementation, the experience itself, what was learned, and what will be done differently in future years.
Evaluation and management of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea beyond tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Purpose of review There is an increasing percentage of children with persistent obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) after removal of the tonsils and adenoids (T&A). Although sleep apnea has been an active area of research and treatment in the adult population, our awareness of this problem in children is still in its initial stages. In addition, therapies to successfully treat this residual OSA are still not fully established. It is important to develop evaluation and management protocols for these children. Recent findings This review will discuss risk factors associated with persistent OSA after T&A and techniques to evaluate the pediatric airway in order to identify the site, or sites, of obstruction. Various medical and surgical options are presented. Summary Clinicians need to be aware of the potential for persistent sleep disordered breathing and OSA in children, despite previous T&A. Evaluation protocols and techniques will differ in children, due to limitations in their cooperation during the physical examination. Alternative methods, such as airway endoscopy and cine MRI, are presented. Medical and surgical options are presented. Outcomes data for pediatric populations are rare. Multilevel, single stage surgery has a higher risk for oropharyngeal stenosis in children compared with adults and conservative, multistage approaches may be more appropriate.
The Selective Synthesis of Molybdenum Silicides from Modulated Elemental Reactants

Elementally modulated reactants with repeat layer thicknesses of less than 30A were found to crystallize various molybdenum silicides depending on their composition. Reactants with compositions near 1:2 Mo:Si were found to nucleate h-MoSi 2 , at 400°C with an activation energy of 1.9eV, even though h-MoSi 2 is metastable with respect to t-MoSi 2 below 1900°C. Reactants with compositions near 5:3 Mo:Si were found to nucleate Mo 3 Si 3 at 650°C with an activation energy of 3.0eV. Reactants with compositions near 3:1 Mo:Si were found to nucleate Mo 3 Si at 720°C with an activation energy of 2.2eV. The ability to control the crystalline product via the initial composition is distinctly different from the behavior reported for multilayers with larger repeat spacings, which were observed to form h-MoSi 2 regardless of overall composition. The measured nucleation energy as a function of composition suggests that the phase selectivity is nucleation controlled. The selectivity depends on the elimination of large composition gradients at the reacting interfaces before nucleation of the crystalline product.
D- and L-lactate catabolism to CO2 in rat tissues.

AbstractThe current study was initiated in order to compare the rates of oxidative catabolism of D- and L-lactate in various rat tissues. Uniformly labeled D- or L-[14C]lactate was incubated at 37°C in a closed system with tissue homogenates in Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer. Evolved 14CO2 was trapped in a center well containing a fluted filter paper saturated with strong base and the radioactivity determined. The ratio of L-lactate to D-lactate oxidation was greatest in brain, followed by kidney, heart, and liver. In liver the rate of oxidation of D-lactate exceeded that of L-lactate, in heart the rates were not significantly different and in the other two tissues L-lactate was oxidized more rapidly than D-lactate. These results indicate that the rate of D-lactate catabolism is considerable and is relatively greater than had been reported previously.
Nanotopography Directs Fate of Human Embryonic Stem Cells

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have remarkable potentials for breakthroughs in future cell-based therapeutics owing to their self-renewal capability and pluripotency [1–2]. However, their intrinsic mechanosensitivity to biophysical signals from the local cellular microenvironment is not well characterized [3–4]. In this work, we introduced a simple, yet precise, microfabrication strategy for accurate control and patterning of local nanoroughness on glass surfaces using photolithography and reactive ion etching (RIE). Our results demonstrated that nanoscale topological features could provide a potent regulatory signal over a diverse array of hESC behaviors, including their morphology, adhesion, proliferation and clonal expansion, and differentiation.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Entomology Looks at its Mission: Microbial Control—A Comment on Its Present Status in the United States

When I was invited to participate in this symposium, I was told that it was to be a “program on self-analysis,” and I was given the assignment of discussing the prospects for the microbial control of insects. Further, the charge given me was: “Evaluate the status of insect control by microbial pathogens and philosphize on the prospects and limitation of this type of control. How costly is it? How permanent? What is in it for industry? What toxicological testing is needed to insure safety for man, domestic animals, and wildlife?” To respond to this charge adequately would require more time than we have available here this morning; moreover, a number of insect pathologists, including myself, have already expressed in print their opinions on precisely these points.
Objective Measures of Swallowing Function Applied to the Dysphagia Population: A One Year Experience

Quantitative, reliable measures of swallowing physiology can be made from an modified barium swallowing study. These quantitative measures have not been previously employed to study large dysphagic patient populations. The present retrospective study of 139 consecutive patients with dysphagia seen in a university tertiary voice and swallowing clinic sought to use objective measures of swallowing physiology to (1) quantify the most prevalent deficits seen in the patient population, (2) identify commonly associated diagnoses and describe the most prevalent swallowing deficits, and (3) determine any correlation between objective deficits and Eating Assessment Tool (EAT-10) scores and body mass index. Poor pharyngeal constriction (34.5 %) and airway protection deficits (65.5 %) were the most common swallowing abnormalities. Reflux-related dysphagia (36 %), nonspecific pharyngeal dysphagia (24 %), Parkinson disease (16 %), esophageal abnormality (13 %), and brain insult (10 %) were the most common diagnoses. Poor pharyngeal constriction was significantly associated with an esophageal motility abnormality (p < 0.001) and central neurologic insult. In general, dysphagia symptoms as determined by the EAT-10 did not correlate with swallowing function abnormalities. This preliminary study indicates that reflux disease is common in patients with dysphagia and that associated esophageal abnormalities are common in dysphagic populations and may be associated with specific pharyngeal swallowing abnormalities. However, symptom scores from the EAT-10 did not correspond to swallowing pathophysiology.
Philosophical reflection on structuring a system of teacher's moral disciplining in new era

Facing today's radically changed circumstance,building teacher's occupational morale ought to make adjustment and alteration in correspondence.Construction of teacher's moral disciplining system in this new era ought to embody the character of time,totality,and sociality,and to make innovation through inheritance and development.It also needs to grasp timely quality in content,to insist inheritance of standard and principle,to reflect influence and adjustment in a universal way,and to seek socialization of value and effectiveness.
Marginality and Power

Jung went through his own ‘creative illness’1 after his break with Freud, much as Freud had struggled through the aftermath of his break with Fliess several decades earlier. In Jung’s case, he passed through a severe psychological crisis for the next five years that only began abating in 1916 and finally ended in 1920. In his autobiography, Jung calls it ‘a period of inner uncertainty … a state of disorientation’.2 Others have termed it a time close to breakdown, or at least one dominated by ‘psychoticlike (but not psychotic) mental processes’.3 Peter Homans considers that Jung connected it with his strong narcissism and gradually accepted it;4 while Francois Roustang sees it as Jung’s successful struggle against schizophrenia.5
Interactional arrangements for learning about science in early childhood: a case study across preschool and home contexts

In this case study, we compare activities experienced by one 5-year old child in her home and her preschool in terms of how they afford scientific exploration and inquiry. We focus specifically on two types of interactional configuration: the first is an adult-guided mode of interaction in which a parent closely monitors the child's attention and action and accordingly orchestrates the emergence of opportunities for scientific observation, exploration and knowledge construction; the other is a type of peer play that occurs frequently at preschool, in which children collaboratively explore the physical properties of the world around them. Through close microanalysis we compare these activities as learning arrangements (Stevens, Satwicz & McCarthy, 2008), considering how they allow for or constrain children's entry into scientific activities, as well as the particular opportunities for learning they may afford.
Conclusions and Next Steps

The job of leadership does begin with a single step. We started with that and covered many more topics as well in these pages. We will close not with an ending, but rather to paraphrase Churchill with what is really the end of the beginning and give you some next steps to consider taking once you close this book for now.
Security and Trust Vulnerabilities in Third-Party IPs

Reusable hardware Intellectual Property (IP)-based System-on-Chip (SoC) design has emerged as a pervasive design practice in the industry to dramatically reduce design and verification cost while meeting aggressive time-to-market constraints. Growing reliance on these pre-verified hardware IPs, often gathered from untrusted third-party vendors, severely affects the security and trustworthiness of SoC computing platforms. An important emerging concern with the hardware IPs acquired from external sources is that they may come with deliberate malicious implants to incorporate undesired functionality, undocumented test and debug interface working as hidden backdoor, or other integrity issues. This chapter describes various security and trust vulnerabilities in third-party hardware IPs.
Pheochromocytoma and stress cardiomyopathy: Insight into pathogenesis

Aim To investigate the occurrence of cardiomyopathy (CMP) in a cohort of patients with histologically proven pheochromocytoma (pheo), and to determine if catecholamine excess was causative of the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. Methods A retrospective chart review spanning years 1998 through 2014 was undertaken and patients with a diagnosis of pheo confirmed with histopathologic examination were included. Presenting electrocardiograms and cardiac imaging studies were reviewed. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE), ventriculography or single positron emission computed tomography imaging was evaluated and if significant abnormalities [left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or LV dysfunction] were noted in the pre operative period a follow up post-operative study was also analyzed. Multivariate analysis using logistic regression was used to investigate independent predictors for outcomes of interest, LV dysfunction and LVH. Results We identified 18 patients with diagnosis of pheo confirmed on pathology. Mean age was 54.3 ± 19.3 years and 11 (61.1%) patients were females. 50% of such patients had either resistant hypertension or labile blood pressures during hospitalization, which had raised suspicion for a pheo. Cardiac imaging studies were available for 12 (66.7%) patients at the time of inclusion into study and preceding the adrenalectomy. 7 (58.3%) patients with a TTE available for review had mild or more severe LVH while 3 (25%) patients had LV dysfunction of presumably acute onset. In a multivariate analysis, elevated catecholamine levels as assessed by urinary excretion of metabolites was not an independent predictor of development of LV systolic dysfunction or of presence of LVH on TTE. Two female patients with a preceding history of hypertension had marked LV hypertrophy and systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve. Prolongation of the QTc interval was noted in 5 (27.8%) patients but no acute arrhythmias were observed in any patient. Conclusion This study adds to the growing body of literature on the predilection of patients with pheochromocytomas to develop non-ischemic CMP. Degree of catecholamine excess as measured by urinary secretion of metabolites did not predict the development of CMP but 2 of 3 patients developed CMP in the setting of significant acute physiologic stress. Our findings provide support to the proposed etiologic role of elevated catecholamines in TC and other stress induced forms of CMP, however, activation of a brain-neural-cardiac axis from acute stress and local release of catecholamines but not chronic catecholamine elevations are likely to be responsible in pheo related CMP.
A Novel Pediatric Residency Coaching Program: Outcomes After One Year.

Problem The ACGME requires all residency programs to assess residents on specialty-specific milestones. Optimal assessment of competence is through direct observation of performance in clinical settings, which is challenging to implement. Approach The authors developed the Stanford Pediatric Residency Coaching Program to improve residents' clinical skill development, reflective practice, feedback, and goal setting, and to improve learner assessment. All residents are assigned a dedicated faculty coach who coaches them throughout their training in various settings in an iterative process. Each coaching session consists of four parts: (1) direct observation, (2) facilitated reflection, (3) feedback from the coach, and (4) goal setting. Coaches document each session and participate in the Clinical Competency Committee. Initial program evaluation (2013 -2014) focused on the program's effect on feedback, reflection, and goal setting. Pre- and postintervention surveys of residents and faculty assessed the quantity and quality of feedback provided to residents and faculty members' confidence in giving feedback. Outcomes Review of documented coaching sessions showed that all 82 residents had 3 or more direct observations (range: 3-12). Residents and faculty assessed coaches as providing higher-quality feedback and incorporating more reflection and goal setting than noncoaches. Coaches, compared with noncoaches, demonstrated increased confidence in giving feedback on clinical reasoning, communication skills, and goal setting. Noncoach faculty reported giving equal or more feedback after the coaching program than before. Next steps Further evaluation is under way to explore how coaching residents can affect patient-level outcomes, and to better understand the benefits and challenges of coaching residents.