cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EDGE-MAGNETOPLASMON WAVE-PACKET REVIVALS IN THE QUANTUM-HALL EFFECT

The quantum-Hall effect is necessarily accompanied by low-energy excitations localized at the edge of a two-dimensional electron system. For the case of electrons interacting via the long-range Coulomb interaction, these excitations are edge magnetoplasmons. We address the time evolution of localized edge-magnetoplasmon wave packets. On short times the wave packets move along the edge with classical E cross B drift. We show that on longer times the wave packets can have properties similar to those of the Rydberg wave packets that are produced in atoms using short-pulsed lasers. In particular, we show that edge-magnetoplasmon wave packets can exhibit periodic revivals in which a dispersed wave packet reassembles into a localized one. We propose the study of edge-magnetoplasmon wave packets as a tool to investigate dynamical properties of integer and fractional quantum-Hall edges. Various scenarios are discussed for preparing the initial wave packet and for detecting it at a later time. We comment on the importance of magnetoplasmon-phonon coupling and on quantum and thermal fluctuations.
Valence and core excitations of adsorbates on metal surfaces

Abstract We present a general discussion on the electronic spectroscopy of adsorbates on metal surfaces. We first consider the neutral electronic excitations of weakly adsorbed species, e.g., CO⧸Ag, and establish their relation with photoemission (PE) and inverse photoemission (IPE). We also briefly discuss the origin of the spectral shifts and broadening of the intra-adsorbate excitations and the occurrence of charge-transfer excitations using, as examples, noble gases and aromatic hydrocarbons on metals, respectively. We then concentrate on the empty electronic levels and excitations of chemisorbed CO. We correlate results on the valence and core excitations of CO on Cu and Ni with IPE and cluster calculations. A self-consistent picture regarding the location of the empty 2 π∗ level thus can be obtained. In the ground state of CO on Cu and Ni this 2π∗ level is at ~ 3 eV above EF and the change in the electron affinity upon adsorption is larger, the larger the chemisorption energy is. The 5σ → 2π∗ valence excitation of chemisorbed CO is nearly unshifted. while the O 1s → 2 \ gp∗ core excitation is red-shifted with respect to the corresponding free CO excitations. Simple explanations of the above observations are presented. Finally, we show that intra-adsorbate excitations are not always observable, and that the disappearance of the π → π∗ excitations of aromatic hydorcarbons on transition metals can be explained in terms of the nature of the chemisorption bond.
The reactions catalyzed by the inducible bifunctional enzyme of rat liver peroxisomes cannot lead to the formation of bile acids.

Abstract The ability of the bifunctional 2-enoyl-CoA hydratase/3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase from rat liver peroxisomes to metabolize (24 E )-3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholest-24-enoyl-CoA, a presumed intermediate during the β-oxidative degradation of the steroid side chain in the formation of cholic acid, was investigated. The bifunctional enzyme efficiently hydrated the above compound specifically to (24S,25S)-3α,7α,12α,24-tetrahydroxy-5β-cholestanoyl-CoA, but the dehydrogenase component of the enzyme was virtually inactive toward this product. In contrast, the bifunctional enzyme efficiently catalyzed the dehydrogenation of the (24S,25R) diastereomer of the above hydroxy intermediate to two products whose uv absorbance and chemical properties were consistent with those of α-methyl-β-ketoacyl-CoAs. These results suggest that the bifunctional enzyme is not sufficient for the formation of a 24-keto intermediate in bile acid biosynthesis.
Roasting of Navy Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) by Particle‐to‐Particle Heat Transfer

A rotating chamber dry roaster using pre-heated ceramic beads as heat transfer media was used to roast navy beans. Processing conditions were: beads temperature, 240 and 270°C; bean-to-bead ratio, 1/10 and 1/15 and contact times of 1 and 2 min. Product temperatures achieved ranged from 92–125°C for the eight runs. Heat transfer coefficients varied from 3.6–23.4 W/(m2) (°C). Roasted products showed reduced water-soluble nitrogen content and gel forming capacity, increased water-holding capacity and cold paste viscosities, and no changes in available lysine and degree of starch damage. Residual trypsin inhibitor (TIA) and hemagglutinin activity varied from 92 to 22%, and 48 to 1%, respectively. A correlation was found to exist between nitrogen solubility index and TIA of products. Roasting caused fracture and separation of hulls, and facilitated their removal.
Proton Delivery and Removal in [Ni(PR2NR'2)2]2+ Hydrogen Production and Oxidation Catalysts

To examine the role of proton delivery and removal in the electrocatalytic oxidation and production of hydrogen by [Ni(PR2NR′2)2]2+ (where PR2NR′2 is 1,5-R′-3,7-R-1,5-diaza-3,7-diphosphacyclooctane), we report experimental and theoretical studies of the intermolecular proton exchange reactions underlying the isomerization of [Ni(PCy2NBn2H)2]2+ (Cy = cyclohexyl, Bn = benzyl) species formed during the oxidation of H2 by [NiII(PCy2NBn2)2]2+ or the protonation of [Ni0(PCy2NBn2)2]. Three protonated isomers are formed (endo/endo, endo/exo, or exo/exo), which differ in the position of the N–H bond's with respect to nickel. The endo/endo isomer is the most productive isomer due to the two protons being sufficiently close to the nickel to proceed readily to the transition state to form/cleave H2. Therefore, the rate of isomerization of the endo/exo or exo/exo isomers to generate the endo/endo isomer can have an important impact on catalytic rates. We have found that the rate of isomerization is limited by proton r...
Predictors of miscarriages of justice in capital cases

Prior research on wrongful convictions in capital cases focused primarily on qualitative methods designed to provide in-depth descriptive analyses of these cases. In contrast, this study is a quantitative comparison between 76 documented cases from 1970 to 1998, in which prisoners were released from death row because of “doubts about their guilt,” and a matched group of inmates who were executed. Through the use of a logistic regression model, significant predictors of cases that result in a release from death row as opposed to an execution, are identified. The final section of this study focuses on policy implications that may decrease the risk of error in capital cases. Additional lines of research are suggested in an effort to increase understanding of miscarriages of justice in such cases.
Second-harmonic generation of a continuous-wave diode-pumped Nd:YAG laser using an externally resonant cavity

We report 13% second-harmonic conversion efficiency of a 15-mW, cw, diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG oscillator. 2 mW of single-axial-mode 532-mm radiation was generated by externally resonant second-harmonic generation in a monolithic MgO:LiNbO(3) nonlinear crystal cavity. The measured finesse of 450 for the monolithic external cavity indicated that absorption and scatter losses in the doubler were less than 0.8%.
Vorticity Modification in a Turbulent Channel Flow by Microbubble Injection

Investigation of the drag reduction phenomenon has been carried out for several years. Several techniques to reduce the drag have been applied and researched for a number of years. Microbubbles injection within a turbulent boundary layer is one method utilized to achieve reduction of drag. In this work, the effects of the presence of microbubbles in the boundary layer of a turbulent channel flow are discussed.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
St. Anthony's Fire: Successful Reversal of Ergotamine-Induced Peripheral Vasospasm by Hydrostatic Dilatation

A 60-year-old trauma victim developed severe ischemia of all four extremities following administration of heparin-dihydroergotamine as prophylaxis against deep venous thrombosis. Despite cessation of heparin-dihydroergotamine and infusion of intraarterial papaverine into the right femoral artery, both lower extremities progressed to frank gangrene and amputation (above-knee on the left and below-knee on the right). However, both ischemic upper extremities were salvaged following intraoperative hydrostatic dilatation with balloon catheters. Ergotism is an avoidable and potentially treatable cause of peripheral gangrene in the critically-ill patient.
Non-organic stridor in children

A 4.75-year-old male presented with several episodes of expiratory stridor leading, on one occasion, to a respiratory arrest and intubation. A detailed evaluation emphasizing physiological and anatomical studies revealed no organic basis for the patient's upper airway obstruction. Emphasis is placed on one method found to be helpful in the differentiation of an organic versus a psychogenic type of respiratory disorder. Recognition of functional airway obstruction in children may prevent inappropriate therapy and allow proper psychiatric intervention.
Update and Illustration on Granular Computing: Practices, Theory and Future Directions

This is an update and summary of an article in the Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science.
A second N-acylhomoserine lactone signal produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Abstract Quorum sensing systems are used by a number of Gram-negative bacterial species to regulate specific sets of genes in a cell density-dependent manner. Quorum sensing involves synthesis and detection of extracellular signals termed autoinducers. As shown in recombinant Escherichia coli, the Pseudomonas aeruginosa autoinducer (PAI) N-(3-oxododecanoyl)homoserine lactone, together with the lasR gene product, activate the P. aeruginosa lasB gene. In this study, PAI was shown to activate lasB-lacZ expression in a P. aeruginosa lasR mutant containing a plasmid with lasR under the control of the lac promoter. The concentration of PAI necessary for half-maximal activation of the lasB-lacZ fusion was approximately 1 microM, which is within the range of PAI levels found in P. aeruginosa culture fluids. The effect of PAI on a P. aeruginosa lasR mutant containing a plasmid with lasR under the control of its own promoter and containing the lasB-lacZ fusion was also tested. Although extracts of culture fluid activated the lasB promoter in this construct, concentrations of PAI as high as 10 microM did not. This indicates the presence of a second extracellular factor (factor 2) that is required for lasB activation in P. aeruginosa when lasR is controlled by its own promoter but not when lasR is controlled by a strong foreign promoter. Factor 2 was shown to be N-butyrylhomoserine lactone. Although recombinant E. coli cells containing the PAI synthase gene, lasI, produce PAI, these cells do not produce factor 2. Furthermore, a P. aeruginosa mutant that produced about 0.1% of the wild-type level of PAI made about 5% of the wild-type level of factor 2. This indicates that factor 2 synthesis results from the activity of a gene product other than PAI synthase. The role of factor 2 in virulence gene regulation remains to be determined, but this compound may affect the expression of lasR, which in turn activates transcription of numerous virulence genes in the presence of sufficient PAI. Apparently, multiple quorum sensing systems can occur and interact with each other in a single bacterial species.
The beliefs adults and children hold about television and video games

In Phase 1 of this study, we asked 23 parents between the ages of 30 and 52 years and 26 children between the ages of 10 and 19 years to list effects of television and video games on children. A questionnaire was developed using the most frequently given responses (e.g., television influences children's aggressive behavior, verbal abilities, or time with friends). In Phase 2, this questionnaire was administered to different groups of parents and children and a control group of adults without offspring (N = 204) who were asked to rate the influence of each item on the questionnaire. Multivariate analyses of variance indicated that there were similarities and differences among the groups. For example, parents and other adults held similar beliefs about the influence of television, but parents held more positive beliefs about the influence of video games than the other adults. Children held more positive beliefs about the influence of television than parents, but parents and children held similar beliefs about the influence of video games.
Balanced layouts using the composite data-variable matrix

Numerous methods have been described that allow the visualization of the data-variable matrix. But all suffer from a common problem-visualizing the data and variable points separately which is hard for people to catch the relations in data and variables together. We describe a method that allows data and variables balanced layouts. We achieve it by combining two distance matrices typically used in isolation — the distance matrix encoding the similarities of the variables and the distance matrix encoding the similarity of the data points. The remaining two submatrices are obtained by creating a fused distance matrix — one that measures the distance of data points with respect to the variables or vice versa. We then use MDS to simultaneously optimize the placement of data points and variable points, producing a display that allows users to appreciate all three types of relationships in a single display: (1) the patterns of the collection of data items, (2) the patterns of the collection of variables, and (3) the relationships of data items with the variables and vice versa.
On the equation F(X) + M(X)G(X−1)=0 on Kn

Abstract All triples F , G , M : K n → K of additive F , G and multiplicative M satisfying the titular functional equation on ( K ⧹{0}) n , where K is a commutative field of characteristics ≠2, are determined. This generalizes and unifies research arising from problems in two different areas. Ng has solved this problem for n = 1, culminating a succession of results by various authors concerning the Halperin problem on quadratic forms. Also, for K = R (the reals) and G = F this problem arose in a characterization of information measures.
LabCorp v. Metabolite Laboratories: The Supreme Court Listens, but Declines to Speak

In the United States, a longstanding legal rule exists against patenting natural phenomena. The Supreme Court recently had an opportunity to help define the boundaries and clarify the implications of this "natural phenomenon doctrine" in Laboratory Corporation of America v. Metabolite Labs., dismissed as improvidently granted. This article argues that the natural phenomenon doctrine renders both the patent claim at issue in LabCorp, and the patents that directly or indirectly claim biological correlations between genotypes and medical phenotypes, invalid or unenforceable under U.S. patent law.
Stimulation of uracil nucleotide synthesis in mouse liver, intestine and kidney by ammonium chloride infusion

De novo pyrimidine synthesis was studied in mouse liver, intestine, and kidney by intraperitoneal infusion of 15NH4C1 and analysis of 15N incorporation into uracil nucleotide pools. When the dose of a 1-h infusion of 15NH4C1 was increased from 50 μmol to 250 μmol the fraction of the total uracil nucleotide pool formed by de novo synthesis increased 4.0-fold in liver to 8.4% and 2.3-fold in intestine to 13.7%. The increase in intestine was independent of the increase in liver as evidenced by the lack of correlation between the increase observed in the intestine and liver of the same animal and the different distributions of label in the uracil ring nitrogens. A 2.4-fold increase in newly formed uracil nucleotides was observed in kidney when the infusion dose was raised from 150 μmol to 250 μmol. The increase in kidney was correlated with the increase in liver in the same animal and the distribution of label in the uracil ring nitrogens was similar to the distribution in liver. These results suggest that the increase in newly formed uracil nucleotides in intestine is due to increased de novo synthesis of pyrimidines in the intestine, while the increase in the kidney is due to increased salvage synthesis of uracil nucleotides from uridine synthesized in the liver and output to the circulation.
Sex differences in mathematical reasoning ability: more facts

Almost 40,000 selected seventh-grade students from the Middle Atlantic region of the United States took the College Board Scholastic Aptitude Test as part of the Johns Hopkins regional talent search in 1980, 1981, and 1982. A separate nationwide talent search was conducted in which any student under age 13 who was willing to take the test was eligible. The results obtained by both procedures establish that by age 13 a large sex difference in mathematical reasoning ability exists and that it is especially pronounced at the high end of the distribution: among students who scored greater than or equal to 700, boys outnumbered girls 13 to 1. Some hypothesized explanations of such differences were not supported by the data.
Influence tactics and work outcomes: a meta-analysis

Recent research on influence tactics has focused on the benefits that accrue as a result of using such tactics. The current study utilizes meta-analytic techniques to estimate the true population correlations between various influence tactics and work-related outcomes. Results indicate that ingratiation and rationality have positive effects on work outcomes. Additional analyses suggest that these and other influence tactics have significant effects in certain situations and on specific work outcomes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetics of pain perception, COMT and postoperative pain management in children

Background: Effective perioperative analgesia is lacking for children owing to interindividual variations and underdosing of opioids caused by fear of adverse effects. We investigated the role of COMT SNPs on postoperative pain management in children. Methods: One hundred and forty nine children undergoing adenotonsillectomy were enrolled. The associations of four COMT SNPs (rs6269, rs4633, rs4818 and rs4680) with postoperative pain were analyzed and outcome measures included maximum pain scores, need for postoperative opioid interventions and postoperative morphine requirements. Results: We detected an association of postoperative opioid intervention need with all four COMT SNPs. Minor allele carriers of COMT SNPs were approximately three-times more likely to require analgesic interventions than homozygotes of major alleles (p-value range: 0.0031–0.0127; odds ratio range: 2.6–3.1). In addition, significant association was detected between maximum Face, Leg, Activity, Consolability, Cry (FLACC) pain score...
Aspirin Use in Sturge-Weber Syndrome: Side Effects and Clinical Outcomes

Sturge-Weber syndrome is a neurocutaneous disorder with skin, eye, and brain involvement. Prior series suggest about 50% of patients have seizures/neurodeterioration. Low-dose (3-5 mg/kg/d) aspirin use in this population is controversial. This study further addresses the side effects and outcomes of low-dose aspirin usage in Sturge-Weber syndrome. Fifty-eight subjects on aspirin with brain involvement were analyzed in a retrospective chart review. Charts were evaluated for brain involvement, age at first seizure, and side effects. Subjects' clinical stability was compared using neurologic scores. The majority of subjects had neurologic scores reflecting reasonable seizure control (91%), none or mild hemiparesis (57%), no vision impairment (71%), and none or mild cognitive impairment (80%). Forty-nine reported no significant side effects, and 9 reported either allergic reaction or minimal to significant bleeding on aspirin. This cohort's clinical experience adds significant support for low-dose aspirin use to optimize neurodevelopmental outcome in Sturge-Weber syndrome with minimal side effects.
Affective Signals of Threat Increase Perceived Proximity

Do stimuli appear to be closer when they are more threatening? We tested people’s perceptions of distance to stimuli that they felt were threatening relative to perceptions of stimuli they felt were disgusting or neutral. Two studies demonstrated that stimuli that emitted affective signals of threat (e.g., an aggressive male student) were seen as physically closer than stimuli that emitted affective signals of disgust (e.g., a repulsive male student) or no affective signal. Even after controlling for the direct effects of physiological arousal, object familiarity, and intensity of the negative emotional reaction, we found that threatening stimuli appeared to be physically closer than did disgusting ones (Study 2). These findings highlight the links among biased perception, action regulation, and successful navigation of the environment.
Ecological model of disaster management

The ecological model of disaster management provides a framework to guide occupational health nurses who are developing disaster management programs. This ecological model assumes that disaster planning, preparedness, response, and recovery occur at various levels of the organization. These nested, increasingly complex organizational levels include individual and family, workplace, community, state, tribal, federal, and global levels. The ecological model hypothesizes that these levels interact and these dynamic interactions determine disaster planning, preparedness, response, and recovery outcomes. In addition to the features of the hazard or disaster, it is also assumed that parallel disaster planning, preparedness, and response elements, logistical challenges, and flexibility, sustainability, and rehabilitation elements occur at each level of the ecological model. Finally, the model assumes that evaluation of response and recovery efforts should inform future planning and preparedness efforts.
Ultrawide-band noise radar in the VHF/UHF band

A radar that transmits continuous band-limited random noise is considered. The target impulse response is constructed from the cross correlation of the received signal with the transmitted noise signal. The system uses a fixed-length delay line and relies on the target movement through the range gate. Range profiles of different automobiles are measured with this system and used in a target recognition example.
Effect of channel materials and trapezoidal corner angles on emerging droplet behavior in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell gas channels

Ex situ experiments were conducted to study water droplet dynamics in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (PEMFC) gas channels with different trapezoid channel open angles and GDL materials under controlled air velocities (0.48e7.23 m s � 1 ). High speed videos revealed that the droplets interacted with
Empirical Statements And Falsifiability

1. Object of this note. In his lively essay, “Between Analytic and Empirical,” (Philosophy, April 1957), Mr. J. W. N. Watkins challenges the empiricist identification of synthetic statements with empirical ones by arguing that there exists an important class of statements which are synthetic, i.e. not analytically true or false, and yet not empirical. I find Mr. Watkins's arguments very stimulating, but I do not think they provide a sound basis for his contention. In the present note, I wish to indicate what seem to me the principal flaws in Mr. Watkins's reasoning, and to make some additional comments on the issues raised by his discussion.
Uncle Tom's Cabin: Before and After the Jim Crow Era

Despite Uncle Tom's Cabin's “extraordinary and global importance as novel, performance, and film”, it is rarely read or taken seriously, except as a negative. But studying Uncle Tom's Cabin can provide a key to “the issues and images of black performance at the turn of the century”—and beyond.
ARTISTS AS AVATARS

Are artists crazy? Are creators more likely to be mad, or madder, than the rest of us? Does mental distress deepen artistic vision? Correlate to genius? Is the drive to fashion a personal pictorial or plastic universe pathological? Bettina Gockel's hefty Tubingen Habilitationsschrift, “The Pathologizing of the Artist: Artist Legends in Modernity,” documents the significant amount of mental energy expended exploring these and related questions from the mid-nineteenth century into the 1920s. Matthew Biro's The Dada Cyborg argues that the Dadaists’ montages, assemblages, and raucous agitational activities in the public sphere of World War I-era Berlin indicate modernity's disruption of stable subject positions and suggest instead hybrid, “cyborgian” identities. These included challenges to normative notions of sanity, but also to those of gender, ethnicity, race, and national and political allegiance. James van Dyke's study of the Weimar- and Nazi-era career of painter Franz Radziwill, a World War I veteran and self-taught reactionary modernist realist, provides a detailed case study of an artist whom one might, in retrospect, suspect of a degree of grandiosity and careerism bordering on the pathological, but who was driven by a complex of motivations as political as they were personal.
Fractionated total body irradiation for metastatic neuroblastoma.

Abstract Twelve patients over one year old with neuroblastoma (NBL) metastatic to bone and bone marrow entered a study of adjuvant low-dose, fractionated total body irradiation (TBI). Six children who achieved a “complete clinical response” following chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and adriamycin) and surgical resection of the abdominal primary received TBI (10 rad/fraction to totals of 100–120 rad/10–12 fx/12–25 days). Two children received concurrent local irradiation for residual abdominal tumor. The intervals from cessation of chemotherapy to documented progression ranged from 2–16 months, not substantially different from patients receiving similar chemotherapy and surgery without TBI. Three additional children with progressive NBL received similar TBI (80–120 rad/8–12 fx) without objective response.
Providing Interpersonal Variety in Skill Practice Triads: a Two-Rule Method

As an efficient means for practicing interpersonal skills, triads are used in many management courses. Skill development requires practice by undergoing not just one, but a series of exercises. The...
A New Avenue to Cure Cancer by Turning Adaptive Immune T Cells to Innate Immune NK Cells via Reprogramming

Thymocytes after T-lineage commitment develop in the T-cell pathway. However, in a recent study, Li et al. (2010) demonstrated that inducing to delete Bcl11b gene in these thymocytes, even in mature T cells turns these cells into natural killer (NK) cells during the culture. They called this conversion 'reprogramming', and the reprogrammed killer cells 'ITNK cells'. The ITNK cells possessed tumor-killer ability and did not indiscriminately kill normal cells. This exciting finding represents a major breakthrough towards curing cancer and identifies an important, novel transcription factor in the thymus development.
Multiple Distortion Measures for Scalable Streaming with Jpeg2000

The increasing diversity of end-user devices and networks allow different users to receive and view images and video at different resolutions and rates. Scalable coding methods allow streaming media systems to easily adapt media by selecting packets according to schedules that reflect their importance. Traditional scheduling algorithms are based on a single distortion measure such as mean-squared error relative to the original high resolution image. In this paper, we present a new approach of using multiple distortion measures to schedule packets in a manner that explicitly accounts for a range of rates and resolutions. We show the effectiveness of this approach and examine a common scenario where multiple distortion measures are helpful. We present an algorithm that generates embedded JPEG2000 schedules and achieves 1 to 4 dB improvement over conventional approaches.
Introduction to the ISO 18626:2014 Press Release and Interview With Leif Andresen

This article reviews the International Organization for Standardization's (ISO) new interlibrary loan transactions standard, ISO 18626:2014. An interview with the ISO Interlibrary Loan Transactions convener, Leif Andresen, is also provided.
Comparative Process Tracing and Climate Change Fingerprints

Climate change fingerprint studies investigate the causes of recent climate change. I argue that these studies have much in common with Steel’s streamlined comparative process tracing, illustrating a mechanisms-based approach to extrapolation in which the mechanisms of interest are simulated rather than physically instantiated. I then explain why robustness and variety-of-evidence considerations turn out to be important for understanding the evidential value of climate change fingerprint studies.
In Vitro Biosynthesis of the Core Scaffold of the Thiopeptide Thiomuracin

Thiopeptides are potent antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis. They are made by a remarkable post-translational modification process that transforms a linear peptide into a polycyclic structure. We present here the in vitro biosynthesis of the core scaffold of thiomuracin catalyzed by six proteins. We show that cyclodehydration precedes dehydration, and that dehydration is catalyzed by two proteins in a tRNAGlu-dependent manner. The enzyme that generates the pyridine core from two dehydroalanines ejects the leader peptide as a C-terminal carboxamide. Mutagenesis studies of the enzyme TbtD identified important residues for a formal [4+2] cycloaddition process. The core structure of thiomuracin exhibits similar antimicrobial activity to other known congeners, illustrating that in vitro biosynthesis is a viable route to potent antibiotics that can be explored for the rapid and renewable generation of analogues.
Evaluation of [18F]AZAN for quantification of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human brain

391 Objectives Although being expected to broaden our understanding of neuropsychiatric disorders and drug development, quantification of nAChR is confounded by the 9slow9 kinetics of previously available PET ligands. We evaluated [18F]AZAN for quantification of nAChR in the human brain particularly to examine whether the 9faster9 kinetics resolve this technical limitation. Methods Ten healthy subjects (5 males; age 27-61 years) without neuropsychiatric disorders were studied with PET following a bolus injection of [18F]AZAN (5-15 mCi; mass: 0.08-1.56 μg) for 90 min. Distribution volume (VT) of MRI-defined volumes of interest (VOIs) were obtained by one- and two-tissue compartment model (OTM and TTC), plasma reference graphical analysis (PRGA; Logan et al., 1990). Results Time activity curves (TACs) of regions including thalamus peaked around 10 min in all cases and declined monotonously thereafter. Akaike information criteria supported OTM over TTM, which suggested that association/dissociation processes may not be dissociated. PRGA yielded essentially identical VT estimates as OTM (PRGA = 1×OTM + 0.59; R2 = 0.958). Regional VT was highest at 20.1 ± 6.9 (SD) ml/ml in thalamus, followed by putamen (9.9 ± 1.2 ml/ml), and cortical regions (>8.0 ml/ml). Strong suppression of [18F]AZAN binding with nicotine was confirmed in one subject who happened to consume nicotine gums chronically. The prediction formula of the bolus-plus-infusion scheme (Carson et al., 1993) indicated 60 min to steady-state in thalamus, a substantial improvement over the 480 min established for [18F]2FA (Kimes et al., 2008). Conclusions [18F]AZAN showed kinetics in the human brain that was fast enough to estimate VT in 90 min PET scans, suggesting a significant improvement over excising PET ligand (e.g., [18F]2FA). The study showed that OTM or PRGA may be applicable for VT estimation of the radioligand. Further studies are underway to estimate the reproducibility of the radioligand. Research Support NIDA, NIHM, Philips Morris Research (DFW
Policy Design, Bureaucratic Incentives, and Public Management: The Case of Child Support Enforcement

Recently, scholars have focused on policy design flaws as the cause of policy failure rather than on the failure of bureaucrats to follow the dictates of elected officials. The policy design literature suggests that policy coherence and context, the nature of target populations, and the tractability of the policy problem predict a policy's successful enforcement. Alternate hypotheses argue that the local-level implementation environment and the resources that the government commits to implementation have an impact on enforcement levels. To test these hypotheses, child support enforcement is modeled in a pooled time series analysis. We find that policy makers' understanding of the policy problem and the legislative context of the statute influence whether statutes are successful. In addition, enforcement is a function of committed resources to implementation; bureaucratic values; and local variation in the need for services, in fiscal incentives, in client characteristics, and in party competition. The findings reveal some of the flaws in the policy design theories that cause difficulties in empirical tests.
Current Status of Imported and Native Parasites of the European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in Connecticutt

Of the four imported insect parasites of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hubner) which were established in Connecticut in 1954, only an ichneumonid, Eriborus terebrans (Gravenhorst), and a braconid, Macrocentrus grandii Goidanich, were recovered in fall and spring surveys conducted from 1978–1981. E. terebrans was collected from one location only and occurs at a very low level. M. grandii is widespread and sufficiently abundant in some areas to possibly aid in the natural suppression of the European com borer (ECB). M. grandii emergence from ECB larvae in the spring is well synchronized with emergence of ECB adults, and this parasite appears well adapted to the seasonal occurrence of the ECB in this region. Native parasites found include two tachinid flies, Aplomya caesar (Aldrich) and Lixophaga sp. Both are widespread but account for less than 6% of total parasitism, and neither parasite appears to have a significant controlling effect on ECB populations.
A Note on the Application of Portfolio Theory: A Comment on Cardozo and Smith:

The problems associated with the extension of fianancial portfolio theory to product investments of the firm are reviewed.
Variances of Cylinder Parameters Fitted to Range Data

Formulas for variances of plane parameters fitted with Nonlinear Least Squares to point clouds acquired by 3D imaging systems (e.g., LADAR) are derived. Two different error objective functions used in minimization are discussed: the orthogonal and the directional functions. Comparisons of corresponding formulas suggest the two functions can yield different results when applied to the same dataset.
The adaptation of two human coronavirus strains (OC38 and OC43) to growth in cell monolayers.

SummaryTwo human coronaviruses, strains OC38 and OC43, were successfully adapted to growth in tissue culture monolayers. The adapted strains produced a cytopathic effect in primary rhesus or vervet...
Religious Dimensions: Entities or Contructs?

Abstract Uncritical acceptance has been given to the idea that religion is multidimensional and to a variety of proposed dimensions. It is time to ask: What is a “dimension”? Are they ‘real’ or a product of research procedures? Epistemological, theological, and pragmatic postulates are used to argue that religious (or, other) dimensions are not “things” which we discover, but constructs which emerge from interaction between a limited observer (with presuppositions, theory, procedures of observation and analysis) and the complex behavior of subjects being studied. Dimensions (and other such constructs) are important not because they are “true”, but if they are useful in explaining variance and hence in testing hypotheses, building theory, and/or solving practical problems.
Quantifying the effects of accelerated weathering and linear drop impact exposures of an American football helmet outer shell material

American football helmets are subjected seasonally to a myriad of environmental conditions from expected use and storage and yet are reused without a relational understanding between service life d...
An interpretation of Sagnac effect

This paper discusses the Sagnac effect in vacuum and medium respectively. The theoretical deduction and calculation in the paper makes the Sagnac effect concise and easy to understand. We get the following three conclusions. First, the amount of displacement of the interference fringes in the Sagnac effect is proportional to the angular velocity of the interferometer and the area enclosed by the trajectory. Second, the propagation of light needs medium. There is No-Shape-Substance as its propagating medium in the space. Third, the propagating velocity of light to the total No-Shape-Substance space is constable.
Wet Clutch/Break Control System Theory and Maintain In Press Area

Use Ortlinghaus0123 production series as a example,introduced how the Clutch/Break works and its structure,briefly tell people how to fix it when failure happens,could used for a reference when you want reliable Press control and safely produce.
Aromatase: Contributions to Physiology and Disease in Women and Men

Aromatase (estrogen synthetase; EC 1.14.14.1) catalyzes the demethylation of androgens' carbon 19, producing phenolic 18-carbon estrogens. Aromatase is most widely known for its roles in reproducti...
Abstract 425: Hydrogen Peroxide and 13-hydroperoxylinoleic Acid Induce the Expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor-binding Protein 3 in HepG2 Cells

Background Patients with type 2 diabetes are reported to have increased oxidative stress. Oxidized LDL is reported to suppress the expression of insulin-like growth factor I receptor (IGF1R). IGF1 emerges as a potential therapeutic target for insulin resistance and deficiency. The functions of IGF1 are regulated by its receptors as well as binding proteins (IGFBPs). IGFBP3 is known as the main binding protein for IGF1, and shows inhibitory effects on IGF1 through binding to extracellular matrix. The present study investigates whether oxidative stress regulates IGF binding proteins. Methods HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma) cells were treated with either hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or 13-hydroperoxylinoleic acid (HPODE) with/without catalase in serum free medium for 24 hours, and total RNA and protein were isolated for quantitative PCR or Western blot analyses. Results H2O2 of variant concentrations induced IGFBP3 expression, which was abolished by the addition of catalase. HPODE also induced IGFBP3 expression in a dose-dependent manner. The induction was found for both isoforms A and B of IGFBP3. Conclusion Our findings shed light on the potential synergetic regulation of IGF1 by oxidative stress through both the receptor and binding protein, and advance the understanding of the IGF1 resistance in type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, antioxidants are indicated to be able to increase the IGF1 sensitivity, and reduce the dosage and side effects of IGF1 administration for patients with diabetes.
Generativity and the Meaning of Life

This chapter examines the manner in which generativity is one potential path to the experience of meaning in life. Generativity is the desire that emerges in adult development to promote the well-being of younger and future generations via behaviors that establish a self legacy. The author reviews relevant research in this area and presents a theoretical model that articulates the interconnectedness of generativity and meaning in life. A brief psychobiographic exploration of Victor Frankl’s life demonstrates the significance of generative striving as an avenue to a felt meaning in life.
Attachment, parenting, and childhood adversity

Attachment theory captures the unique patterns of infant behavioral responses with primary caregivers, usually mothers and fathers, and how these behavioral patterns develop into internal working models. Internal working models define all future relational responses to important individuals. They influence the formation of a self and how that self experiences the world at large. Parenting styles reflect how a parent disciplines and socializes a child. Childhood adversity is a result of maladaptive family functioning such as abuse (physical, sexual, emotional), neglect (physical, emotional), and family dysfunction (divorce, mental illness, addiction, imprisonment, domestic violence). They are associated with long-term negative consequences. Adverse childhood experiences add to the psychological pressures beyond the demands of performing, especially for performers who remain unresolved regarding their past childhood maltreatment.
Bone and Joint Infections in Multiple Myeloma: A Retrospective Review of Patients at Mayo Clinic

Introduction Patients with hematologic malignancies are at higher risk for infection due to the nature of their immunocompromised status, therapy-related complications, and numerous other factors. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematologic malignancy after non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas. Current literature on bone and joint infections (BJI) in MM is limited to case reports, and this study aims to identify the frequency and characteristics of BJI in MM. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 4607 patients within the MM database at Mayo Clinic from 1/1/2005 through 1/1/2015. A computerized search of the electronic medical record using diagnosis codes, pathology reports, and free text searches, followed by manual chart review, identified 39 unique patients with BJI as depicted in Figure 1. Results Of the 39 patients with BJI and a diagnosis of multiple myeloma, 28/39 (72%) were male, and median age was 70 years-old (range 39-86). 35/39 (90%) had IgG subtype MM, and 21/39 (54%) were in remission from MM while 4/39 (10%) were neutropenic at the time of BJI. 14/39 (36%) occurred after hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and the median duration from transplant to BJI was 45.0 months (range 1.0-88.7). 11/39 (28%) had chronic kidney disease on chart review, and 8/39 (21%) were on corticosteroids. 32/39 (82%) had prior exposure to chemotherapy, and median duration from most recent chemotherapy to BJI was 32 days (range 0-1559). Septic arthritis (9/39, 23%) and osteomyelitis (9/39, 23%) occurred most frequently followed by prosthetic joint infection (PJI) (8/39, 21%). Pathogens were primarily Gram positive organisms (20/39, 51%), and 7/20 (35%) had polymicrobial infections. All patients received culture-guided induction antimicrobial therapy. 27/39 (69%) underwent surgical intervention. Treatment and outcomes by infection can be seen in Figure 1. Of the 5 (13%) treatment failures (TF), 3 (60%) had PJI while 1 (20%) had osteomyelitis with necrotizing fasciitis, and 1 (20%) had septic arthritis. Median time from diagnosis of BJI to TF was 6.3 months (range 0.0-13.5), and none of the TF were neutropenic at the time of BJI. 26/39 (67%) were alive one year after BJI, and at latest chart review, 8/39 (21%) were alive, of whom 7 were treated successfully. Median overall survival from diagnosis of BJI was 34.3 months for all cases. Conclusions BJI are uncommon in MM, and pathogens are similar to patients without MM, though with polymicrobial infections occurring frequently. Treatment is successful in the majority of cases, but PJI appear to have higher TF rates. However, TF may not necessarily correlate with hematologic status or survival. Disclosures Kapoor:Amgen: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding.
Discovering drugs for the treatment of Ebola virus

Ebola virus, a member of the Filoviridae family, is a causative agent of severe viral hemorrhagic fever in humans. Over the past 40 years, the virus has been linked to several high mortality outbreaks in Africa with the recent West African outbreak resulting in over 11,000 deaths. This review provides a summary of the status of the drug discovery and development process for therapeutics for Ebola virus disease, with a focus on the strategies being used and the challenges facing each stage of the process. Despite the wealth of in vitro efficacy data, preclinical data in animal models, and human clinical data, no therapeutics have been approved for the treatment of Ebola virus disease. However, several promising candidates, such as ZMapp and GS-5734, have advanced into ongoing clinical trials. The gravity of the 2014-2016 outbreak spurred a heightened effort to identify and develop new treatments for Ebola virus disease, including small molecules, immunotherapeutics, host factors, and clinical disease management options. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endoresed by the U.S. Army.
Expression of taurine transporter and its regulation by diet in Xenopus laevis oocytes following injection of rat kidney cortex mRNA.

NaCl-dependent taurine transport adapts to changes in the dietary intake of sulfur amino acids. The renal adaptive response is expressed by enhanced NaCl-dependent taurine cotransport by brush border membrane vesicles after a low taurine diet and reduced transport after a high taurine diet as compared to a normal taurine diet. In order to determine if this adaptive regulation is dependent on new protein synthesis, the Xenopus laevis oocyte expression system was utilized to define the translational regulation of taurine transporter activity. Poly(A)+ RNA was isolated from kidney cortex of Sprague Dawley rats fed either a low, normal or high taurine diet for 28 days. Injection of poly(A)+ RNA resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in NaCl-taurine co-transport. Taurine uptake was stimulated about 2–10-fold after injection of poly(A)+ RNA (10–40 ng) as compared to H2O-injected oocytes. Taurine uptake by oocytes was sodium- and anion-dependent (Cl− > Br− >SCN− >I−). The Km and Vmax of the taurine transporter were 22.5 μM and 8.35 pmol/h/oocyte respectively, similar to the Km of 17.0 μM found in rat brush border membrane vesicles. Because the adaptive response involves an augmented or reduced Vmax of the transporter, taurine uptake by oocytes injected with poly(A)+ RNA from rats fed each diet was examined. Poly(A)+ RNA from rats fed a low taurine diet elicited twice the taurine uptake elicited from rats fed a normal taurine diet and more than three times the uptake from high taurine-fed rats. Northern blot analysis after hybridization with an RNA probe for the taurine transporter cDNA from MDCK cells (obtained from Dr. Uchida) indicated that the molecular size of taurine transporter mRNA is about 1.9 kb and is regulated by diet. Expression of taurine transporter by the oocytes injected with 30 ng of capped transcript from pNCT was significantly reduced by taurine in the medium. In conclusion, taurine uptake by oocytes after injection of mRNA is similar to brush border membrane vesicles taurine transport. The long-term adaptive response is regulated at the level of mRNA, and the short-term adaptive response is regulated at the level of protein synthesis or secretion. We speculate that the renal adaptive response to altered dietary sulfur amino acid intake is both transcriptionally and translationally regulated.