cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of kainic acid on cholinergic enzymes and receptors in the amygdala complex of the rat

Summary Kainic acid (KA) was injected into the amygdala (AM) complex of the rat and its effect on the cholinergic enzymes, choline acetyltransferase (CAT) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and the binding of the muscarinic ligand, [3H]quinuclidinylbenzilate (QNB) and the nicotinic ligand [125I]alpha-bungarotoxin (aBuTX) was investigated. KA produced a loss of approximately 35% of the CAT activity in the AM. However, no effect on AChE activity was observed. A 30–50% decrease in the number of muscarinic and nicotinic receptor sites was also found. CAT, AChE and QNB binding in the AM contralateral to the injection did not change. However, the binding of aBuTX was found to decrease by approximately 40%. The present results suggest that the loss of CAT activity in the AM after treatment with KA is due to the destruction of cholinergic neurons within the AM. The lack of effect on AChE suggests that the major cholinergic input to the AM is not affected by KA. In addition, the loss of nicotinic receptors in the contralateral AM may reflect anterograde degeneration of terminals that have nicotinic sites located on them, or may be secondary to the elicitation of intense seizure activity evoked by the KA.
Refreshable Braille Displays Using EAP Actuators

Refreshable Braille can help visually impaired persons benefit from the growing advances in computer technology. The development of such displays in a full screen form is a great challenge due to the need to pack many actuators in small area without interferences. In recent years, various displays using actuators such as piezoelectric stacks have become available in commercial form but most of them are limited to one line Braille code. Researchers in the field of electroactive polymers (EAP) investigated methods of using these materials to form full screen displays. This manuscript reviews the state of the art of producing refreshable Braille displays using EAP-based actuators..
Transcendental Meditation program and marital adjustment.

17 married women who had received instruction in the Transcendental Meditation program were compared to 17 controls (matched for length of marriage, age, and neighborhood) on Locke's Marital Adjustment Inventory. Interviewees did not know the study was related to meditation or that they were contacted because they were meditators. Subjects in the Transcendental Meditation group showed significantly greater marital satisfaction than controls: for only those reporting regular practice the effect was stronger. The Transcendental Meditation program may be preventive of marital discord.
Positioning for the future

The next two years is a make or break period for companies, and the way business leaders respond will determine winners and losers for the next decade. Deloitte's UK Chief Executive and Global Chairman, John Connolly, explains how.
Advances in the treatment of lysosomal storage disease.

If a group of metabolic paediatricians had been asked 10 years ago which disorders they thought would be the most treatable at the start of the new millennium, very few would have mentioned lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). The early onset, progressive nature, and tendency to involve the CNS have always been regarded as major hurdles to effective treatment. However, the final decade of the 20th century has seen developments in organ transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and gene transfer so that curative treatment for at least some of these disorders is no longer a distant goal.
A retinomorphic vision system

This system uses neurobiological principles to accomplish the major operations of biological retinae: continuous sensing, local automatic gain control, spatiotemporal bandpass filtering, and adaptive sampling.
The Essential Nature of a New Growth Factor and Vitamin B6 for Chicks

Abstract THE availability of several of the vitamins in crystalline form has allowed the use of rather highly purified diets for rats (Oleson et al., 1939; Edgar et al., 1938; Lepkovsky et al., 1936). When chicks are placed on similar purified rations complete failure results. Variation in the nutritional requirements of chicks and rats has long been recognized. Thus in work with chicks it has been necessary to continue to use crude rations fortuitously low in certain factors, or rendered so by proper treatment. However, a few simplified diets containing liver, fishmeal, bran, and other supplements, as the crude materials have been used by some workers with varying degrees of success. Graham et al. (1934) and Van der Hoorn et al. (1935) obtained good growth on a simplified diet containing 10 percent of wheat germ middlings and crude casein, although an “arthritic” condition developed when the casein was extracted (Van der . . .
Negotiating Neoliberal Multiculturalism: Mapuche Workers in the Chilean State

A central component of neoliberal multiculturalism in contemporary Latin America is an increase in indigenous individuals who work for the state, implementing indigenous policy at the municipal, regional and national levels. We explore the consequences of the inclusion of these individuals by analyzing the experiences of Mapuche state workers in Chile. We find that Mapuche workers possess a hybrid subjectivity that leads them to engage in both resistance and consent in their daily work lives. They use state resources strategically for what they feel is movement gain, and are often reflexive about the possibilities of cooptation. Nevertheless, they are often party to actions that are detrimental to the movement. The contradictions in Mapuche workers' actions indicate that the results of neoliberal multiculturalism may be more mixed than many scholars acknowledge. Our findings serve as a corrective on perspectives that attempt to understand neoliberal and multicultural policies without analyzing the roles of the individuals who occupy the state.
The Rhetoric of Email in Law Practice

This article responds to and appears alongside an article by Professor Kirsten Davis in the December 2013 issue of the Oregon Law Review. An interesting debate has arisen among legal writing faculty with respect to the primary form of communication today between attorneys, and between attorneys and clients. Although most legal writing faculty agree that teaching traditional memoranda continues to have pedagogical benefits for first-year students, there is disagreement on how to conceptualize and teach the use of email memoranda in law practice. Professor Davis argues that to think of and label “email memoranda” as something different from traditional memoranda is misguided. In contrast, this article argues that email memos are indeed different — that the medium of email has altered the nature of the message (as Marshall McLuhan might say). In other words, the process of writing email in the context of a conversation changes both the format and the nature of legal analysis. This author also believes that the question for legal writing faculty is not whether to teach traditional memoranda or email analysis but how to teach both well to prepare law students for the real world of law practice.
Overview of three-dimensional computer graphics

Three-dimensional computer graphics is called three-dimensional for several reasons. The graphics are generated by constructing a virtual 3D model which is then imaged, employing a physical simulation of illumination in three-dimensional space. Much of the research in the field is aimed at creating an illusion of three-dimensionality. Devices such as perspective, physically realistic shading, focus, atmospherics, and 3D motion for animation have been investigated [Foley et al. 1990; Watt and Watt 1992; Glassner 1995].
Hot Diggity Blog: A Cluster Analysis Examining Motivations and Other Factors for Why People Judge Different Types of Blogs as Credible

Using two-step cluster analysis this study identifies four groups of users who deem seven types of blogs (general information, media/journalism, war, military, political, corporate, and personal blogs) as highly credible. The four groups are each motivated to turn to blogs for many of the same reasons; however, some differences emerged among the groups. In addition, the four user clusters differ on demographic and political characteristics.
Molecular aspects of viviparous reproductive biology of the tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans morsitans): regulation of yolk and milk gland protein synthesis.

Tsetse fly (Diptera: Glossinidae) viviparous reproductive physiology remains to be explored at the molecular level. Adult females carry their young in utero for the duration of embryonic and larval development, all the while supplying their offspring with nutrients in the form of a “milk” substance secreted from a modified accessory gland. Flies give birth to fully developed third instar larvae that pupariate shortly after birth. Here, we describe the spatial and temporal expression dynamics of two reproduction-associated genes and their products synthesized during the first and second gonotrophic cycles. The proteins studied include a putative yolk protein, Glossina morsitans morsitans yolk protein 1 (GmmYP1) and the major protein found in tsetse “milk” secretions (Glossina morsitans morsitans milk gland protein, GmmMGP). Developmental stage and tissue-specific expression of GmmYP1 show its presence exclusively in the reproductive tract of the fly during oogenesis, suggesting that GmmYP1 acts as a vitellogenic protein. Transcripts for GmmMGP are present only in the milk gland tissue and increase in coordination with the process of larvigenesis. Similarly, GmmMGP can be detected at the onset of larvigenesis in the milk gland, and is present during the full duration of pregnancy. Expression of GmmMGP is restricted to the adult stage and is not detected in the immature developmental stages. These phenomena indicate that the protein is transferred from mother to larvae as nourishment during its development. These results demonstrate that both GmmYP1 and GmmMGP are involved in tsetse reproductive biology, the former associated with the process of oogenesis and the latter with larvigenesis.
Budget-Dependent Control-Flow Error Detection

The problem of detection of control flow errors in software has been studied extensively in literature and many detection techniques have been proposed. These techniques typically have high memory and performance overheads and hence are unusable for real-time embedded systems which have tight memory and performance budgets. This paper presents two algorithms by which the overheads associated with any detection technique can be lowered by trading off fault coverage. These algorithms are generic and can be applied to any detection technique. They can be applied either individually or cumulatively. The algorithms are validated on a previously proposed detection technique using SPEC benchmark programs. Fault injection experiments suggest that massive savings in overheads can be achieved using the algorithms with just a minor drop off in fault coverage.
Polar localization of a dihydropyridine receptor on living Fucus zygotes

We have used a fluorescently-labeled dihydropyridine (FL-DHP) to vitally stain living Fucus zygotes during the establishment of cell polarity. Localization of FL-DHP is primarily at the plasma membrane and FL-DHP binding is competitively blocked by an unlabeled dihydropyridine. Distribution of FL-DHP is initially symmetrical before fixation of the polar axis, but becomes asymmetrical in response to a unilateral light gradient. The distribution of FL-DHP receptors can be relocalized when the direction of the photopolarizing stimulus is changed. Treatment of cells with cytochalasin B prior to axis fixation reversibly prevents localization of FL-DHP receptors. Observation of FL-DHP labeling by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy indicates that the existing receptors are redistributed during polar axis formation. The asymmetric distribution of FL-DHP receptors coincides temporally and spatially with increased local intracellular calcium ion concentrations, as measured by calcium green dextran. Based on the site, timing, photo-reversibility, and actin dependence of the asymmetric localization of FL-DHP receptors, we conclude that FL-DHP is a vital probe for the later stage of polar axis formation in Fucus zygotes. Furthermore, we propose that FL-DHP receptors correspond to ion channels that are transported to the future site of polar growth to create the changes in local calcium concentration required for polarity establishment.
Improved prediction of carcinogenic potencies from mutagenic potencies for chemicals positive in rodents and the ames test

Most studies of correlation between logs of mutagenic potency (MP) and cancer potency (CP) have obtained relatively small but statistically significant estimates of correlation (r) and corresponding log-log slope (b, in Log[CP] = a + b Log[)MP]). But for mutagenic carcinogens, multistage cancer theory predicts that b and r should be highest when MP values best estimate mutation yields per unit dose at concentrations at least as high as those observed to cause cancer in bioassay animals. To test this hypothesis, the correlation of Ames test and rodent cancer potencies was examined for a total number n of 134 chemicals reported as positive in both assays. Values of maximum significant cancer potency (CP, in [mmol/kg-day]−1) were obtained from a published carcinogenic potency database. Values of maximum mutagenic potency (MP, as revertants per mmol/L-plate) were estimated from 2,347 sets of Ames test data reported by the NTP mutagenicity testing program, supplemented by similar data newly obtained for ten heterocyclic amines. For compounds with one or more significantly positive MP estimates based on approximately linear Ames test dose-response data, linear regression of maximum values of Log(CP) on Log(MP) yielded b = 0.27 ± 0.065 and r = 0.39 (P = 0.0001, n = 105), similar to previously reported results for relatively large n. As predicted, when MP values were additionally restricted to include only values estimated from Ames test data approximately linear at corresponding lowest-TD50 concentrations, similar regressions yielded significantly improved fits (e.g,. b and r = 0.6, P < 10−7, n = 68). Implications of these findings are discussed concerning the quantitative role that mutations like those measured in the Ames test may have in explaining observed cancerbioassay results. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Combining chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA footprinting: a novel method to analyze protein–DNA interactions in vivo

A variety of methods are available to analyze protein– DNA interactions in vivo. Two of the most prominent of these methods are chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and in vivo footprinting. Both of these procedures have specific limitations. For example, the ChIP assay fails to document where exactly a protein binds in vivo. The precipitation of a specific segment of DNA with antibodies directed against DNA-binding proteins does not necessarily indicate that the protein directly interacts with a sequence in the precipitate but could rather reflect protein–protein interactions. Furthermore, the results of in vivo footprinting studies are inconclusive if a DNA sequence is analyzed that is bound by a specific protein in only a certain fraction of cells. Finally, in vivo footprinting does not indicate which protein is bound at a specific site. We have developed a new procedure that combines the ChIP assay and DMS footprinting techniques. Using this method we show here that antibodies specific for USF1 and NF-E2 precipitate the murine β-globin promoter in MEL cells. DMS footprinting analysis of the DNA precipitated with NF-E2 antibodies revealed a protection over a partial NF-E2-binding site in the β-globin downstream promoter region. We believe that this novel method will generally benefit investigators interested in analyzing protein–DNA interactions in vivo.
Maximum-lesion-detectability reconstruction using penalized maximum likelihood

Statistical reconstruction methods based on the penalized maximum-likelihood (or maximum a posteriori) principle have been developed to improve the image quality in emission tomography. However, the penalty functions (or image priors) are often heuristically designed to encourage smoothness in reconstructed images. This paper presents a method to design the penalty function to improve lesion detection. We factorize the penalty function into pairwise potentials. Using the theoretical expressions that we have developed for evaluating lesion detectability, we are able to find the optimum weights of the pairwise potentials to achieve the maximum lesion detectability based on the numerical observers that are correlated to human performance.
Harem-holding males do not rise to the challenge: androgens respond to social but not to seasonal challenges in wild geladas.

The challenge hypothesis has been enormously successful in predicting interspecific androgen profiles for vertebrate males. Nevertheless, in the absence of another theoretical framework, many resea...
Surface Roughness, Quasi-Static Fracture, and Cyclic Fatigue Effects on GFRP- and CFRP-Concrete Bonded Interfaces

The recently developed experimental fracture approach known as the Single Contoured-Cantilever Beam (SCCB) was used to characterize the interface bonds between concrete substrates and two varieties of FRP: glass and carbon (abbreviated GFRP and CFRP, respectively). Limited research has been performed concerning the FRP-concrete interface bond relative to three surface-roughness grades: low- ( 50 μm), to establish the optimal formation for bonding. By use of the SCCB approach, Mode I critical strain energy release rate results are measured and quantified. Finally, considering that a majority of externally strengthened FRP concrete structures involves bridges and girders that are subjected to repeated (as opposed to static) loads, a preliminary study is conducted on cyclically fatigued FRP-concrete interfaces under varying load-ratio and frequency effects.
Laboratory Experiments on the Interaction of a Buoyant Coastal Current with a Canyon: Application to the East Greenland Current

This paper presents a set of laboratory experiments focused on how a buoyant coastal current flowing over a sloping bottom interacts with a canyon and what controls the separation, if any, of the current from the upstream canyon bend. The results show that the separation of a buoyant coastal current depends on the current width W relative to the radius of curvature of the bathymetry rc. The flow moved across the mouth of the canyon (i.e., separated) for W/rc . 1, in agreement with previous results. The present study extends previous work by examining both slope-controlled and surface-trapped currents, and using a geometry specific to investigating buoyant current‐canyon interaction. The authors find that, although bottom friction is important in setting the position of the buoyant front, the separation process driven by the inertia of the flow could overcome even the strongest bathymetric influence. Application of the laboratory results to the East Greenland Current (EGC), an Arctic-origin buoyant current that is observed to flow in two branches south of Denmark Strait, suggests that the path of the EGC is influenced by the large canyons cutting across the shelf, as the range of W/rc in the ocean spans those observed in the laboratory. What causes the formation of a two-branched EGC structure downstream of the Kangerdlugssuaq Canyon (;688N, 328W) is still unclear, but potential mechanisms are discussed.
In situ electrochemical characterization of poly-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene/tetraalkylphenylene diamine films and their potential use in electrochemical energy storage devices

Abstract There is currently a newfound interest in novel approaches towards the synthesis and design of new materials for electrical energy storage (EES). We present a new breed of materials, based on redox-active substituted (RAS) conducting polymers (CPs) that can provide high energy and power densities, high conductivity, long-term durability, and potentially lower costs. In the work presented, we investigate a model system to illustrate the approach's validity. We have modified PEDOT (3,4-polyethylenedioxythiophene) by covalently binding a small RAS, N1,N1,N4,N4-tetraalkylbenzene-1,4-diamine (TAPD). The addition of this pendant (RAS) gives rise to a dramatic increase in the energy density of the material compared to traditional CPs, due to the increased number of electrons transferred per monomer unit (from 0.6 e− to 2.6 e−). In situ UV–Vis and Raman spectroelectrochemistry yielded important mechanistic information about the electrochemical reactions of RAS-CP, which directly affect device performance. Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) studies provided important insights regarding the ion transport in the RAS-CP films during electrochemical cycling. Moreover, device level characterization has been done, and at high charge/discharge rates of 1C the capacity of our materials is ca. 65 mAh/g. Furthermore, the electropolymerized RAS-CP electrodes only contain active material, precluding the need for both binder and conducting additives.
Noise in Earthquake Accelerograms

The amplitudes of processing and digitization noise in strong motion earthquake accelerograms are reviewed for hand and automatic digitization. By finding the period bands for which the signal-to-noise ratio in digitized accelerograms is greater than one, dependence of cut-off periods for accelerogram data processing is presented for amplitude scaling in terms of: (1) Earthquake magnitude and epicentral distance; and (2) modified mercalli intensity at the recording site.
The Disastrous Unexpected Consequences of Private Compensation Reforms - Testimony to the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform Hearing: 'Executive Compensation: How Much is Too Much?'

Americans are not nearly as angry as they should be about executive compensation. If they knew more, they would be angrier. The current crisis is only the latest in a series of intensifying crises brought on by epidemics of “control fraud.” “Control fraud” is a white-collar criminology theory that explains frauds in which those that control a seemingly legitimate entity use it as a “weapon.” In the financial sphere, accounting is the “weapon of choice.” Accounting control frauds’ ability to create record (fictional) profits means that compensation is a major driver of fraud epidemics and executive compensation is the primary means by which control frauds convert a firm’s assets to their own personal benefit – while minimizing the risk of prosecution. We need to recognize that compensation, not simply executive compensation, is what has perverted private market discipline. Second, we need to recognize the critical role that executive compensation plays in producing epidemics of accounting control fraud. Third, we need a massive crackdown on accounting fraud – which will allow us to claw back the massive fruits of accounting fraud that executives have already received. We need to provide the FBI promptly with a minimum of 1000 new white-collar crime specialists and prioritize their investigations on the leading nonprime specialty lenders and investors. The Fourth, we need to realize that huge pay for senior executives must be given only on the basis of real, sustained performance. What we need is a commitment to “vigilant” regulators who do not have a “mandate … to look the other way.” That does mean professionals from the civil service rather than the shameful political appointees that were appointed precisely because they did not believe in regulation.
Intersections between Technology, Engaged Learning, and Social Capital in Social Work Education

AbstractAs the use of technology becomes ubiquitous in the social environments of everyday life, it is imperative that social work educators find ways to draw on the possibilities that technology offers to provide robust, relevant, and effective social work education. Engaged learning and social capital are central to the adjustment, retention, and success of college students, including underserved populations, and that technology plays a role in these processes. However, the intersections of technology, engaged learning, and social capital have not been examined within higher education generally, nor within social work education specifically. In the current study, focus groups were conducted with social work undergraduate and graduate students for the purpose of examining these intersections. Findings indicate that engaged learning and social capital complemented each other, and both were facilitated by technology. Social media is a launching pad for learning beyond the classroom and enables new ways of ...
Thermal Management Phenomena in Foil Gas Thrust Bearings

Thrust foil gas bearings operate at high speeds on a very thin fluid film which experiences high shear. Shear induced viscous losses result in localized heating which must be managed to prevent thermal distortions and failure. The current work examines the need for thermal management in thrust foil bearings as evidenced by reduced performance in uncooled bearings. Measured bearing power loss is a few hundred watts from twenty-five to fifty-five krpm (89–196 m/s runner surface velocity based on mean bearing diameter). Modeling of the thrust runner demonstrates a potential for stress-induced running surface deformations greater than the gas film thickness (>10 μm), and radial temperature gradients in the bearing foils can exceed a few degrees Celcius per millimeter. Air flow forced through the foil structure achieves improvements in bearing load capacity and demonstrates a need for increased understanding of the thermal environment in these bearings.© 2006 ASME
The Immune System: Your Defensive Partner and Offensive Foe

Immune function and inflammation are normal physiologic processes essential to health and well-being. However, overactivity of any inflammatory or immune responses can result in tissue-damaging reactions that threaten the functional integrity of tissues and organs. This article reviews the normal defense responses of inflammation and immune function as well as selected conditions resulting from offensive or hyperactive inflammatory and immune responses. The selected conditions include those seen more often in the acute and critical-care setting, such as tissue-damaging inflammation, drug allergy, autoimmunity, and transplant rejection.
A new method for portal venography: retrograde hepatic flushing.

SummaryA new method for portal venography by retrograde hepatic vein flushing was described. Application for the study of human cases is in progress.
Rehabilitation from Death? Part of a work in progress (Am I Cyborg? Reflexive Meditations on Rehabilitation)

The title of my paper ends with a question mark—“Rehabilitation from Death?” I mean by this two things: 1) to highlight my own uncertainty about the juxtaposition of the two concepts, and 2) to make my presentation more question and far less lecture. It is not a finished or stand-alone presentation. It is a part, perhaps the first part, of another larger project. The study, which I hope to present in the near future, looks into the role that biomedical and biomedically-sanctioned techniques of disability rehabilitation play in today’s complex and possibly posthuman (yet still all too human) lives. Its proposed title, “Am I Cyborg?” ends with a question mark as well, although this leads into a subtitle: “Reflexive meditations on rehabilitation.” The overall research project is thus intended as a phenomenological “meditation” and not an “argument”, “thesis”, or some other neat academic sort of endeavor. In this autoethnographic meditation, I will examine my own life and experience as a “rehabilitated”-yet sill disabled survivor of a severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, “Am I Cyborg?” is not an autoethnography. It is meant to be a kind of public thinking through what happens when I turn my anthropologically trained gaze back on myself. It is a reflexive project, a querying and not a claiming of a life and subjectivity made possible by powerful new biomedical techniques and technologies. The point of the present exercise is not to psychoanalyze myself, my story, or anything else; I rather want to make an otherwise esoteric theoretical position, a kind of subjectivity, real and (literally) placed in front of you. Through this public meditation, the first I have ever done with an audience of more than three or four other persons, I hope to problematize the idea of certain kinds of death and the certain kinds of
Improving attending rounds: Qualitative reflections from multidisciplinary providers.

AbstractBackground. Attending rounds, the time for the attending physician and the team to discuss the team’s patients, take place at teaching hospitals every day, often with little standardization. Objective. This hypothesis-generating qualitative study sought to solicit improvement recommendations for standardizing attending rounds from the perspective of a multi-disciplinary group of providers. Methods. Attending physicians, housestaff (residents and interns), medical students, nurses and pharmacists at an academic medical center participated in a quality improvement initiative between January and April 2013. Participants completed an individual or focus group interview or an e-mail survey with three open-ended questions: (1) What are poor or ineffective practices for attending rounds? (2) How would you change attending rounds structure and function? (3) What do you consider best practices for attending rounds? We undertook content analysis to summarize each clinical stakeholder group’s improvement rec...
Investigation on HBV of Employees Word in Food Making and Public Place of Laizhou Urban on the year 2007

Objective Understand the condition of the virus of the hepatitis two in food making and public field of Laizhou,to provide the scientific evidence for illness-controlling and management in the present square.Methods Check and measure the HBsAg using the Colloidal Gold.Results We investigated 10260 people and the average of the positive rate was 1.44%,the rate of employees work in Chess sign room,teachers of school and Noon request department and employees work in amusement field were 3.90% and 2.33%,the differences of positive rate among different groups were significant.(p0.01).The positive rate of males was 1.97%,the positive rate of females was 1.20%,the differences of positive rate among different groups were significant,too.(p0.01).The positive rate was 3.32% in age 17-20,1.45% in age 31-40.Conclusion The positive rate in the employees work in Food making and Public place of Laizhou Urban is low.
"I'm Not Just Talking to the Victims of Oppression Tonight- I'm Talking to Everybody": Rhetorical Authority and Narrative Authenticity in an African-American Poetics of Political Engagement

AbstractA number of scholars have recently followed Bakhtin's lead in recognizing the analytic importance of discourse that contains more than one genre. This article discusses the opening lines of an address by a civil rights activist, the Reverend Benjamin F. Chavis, Jr., to an audience that consisted mainly of college stu-dents. After adumbrating the general themes he planned to address, Chavis told a personal narrative regarding his success in desegregating the library in his home town in the 1950s. Although Chavis initially drew on academic lecturing style in establishing textual authority, linguistic features of the narrative linked the form of the discourse to the social milieu he was representing, thus estab-lishing narrative authenticity. Both sections contain a stylistic overlap of fea-tures found in performed African-American sermons. Drawing on Gates's (1988) use of the term Signifyin(g) and a new model of genre (Briggs & Bau-man, 1992), I suggest that this dialogue of genres enables Chavis to Signify on the ongoing speech event and its political-economic location as well as to critique the textual economy of segregation. (Linguistic Anthropology)
Gender and Ethnic Differences in Young Adults’ Emotional Reactions to Parental Punitive and Minimizing Emotion Socialization Practices

This study examined differences in how African American and European American participants (N = 553) recalled feeling when their parents engaged in punitive and minimizing emotion socialization practices during childhood. We conducted this study to replicate and extend previous empirical work by using a more generalizable sample containing both male and female participants and by asking participants to report separately on their mothers and fathers. Results indicated that African American participants reported feeling less hurt and ashamed than European American participants when their mothers and fathers engaged in punitive and minimizing practices. African American participants also reported feeling more loved than European American participants when mothers engaged in punitive and minimizing practices. In addition, gender differences suggested that women feel more hurt and less loved than men when both mothers and fathers engaged in punitive and minimizing emotion socialization behaviors.
Situated Cyborg Knowledge In Not So Borderless Online Global Education: Mapping the Geosocial Landscape of a MOOC

ABSTRACTTheorising situated knowledge formation in relation to geopolitics, geoeconomics and the geosocial, this article adds to the growing literature that evaluates Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) by studying who actually participates in them, how, and with what sorts of outcomes. Doing so, this article argues against a geoeconomic view of MOOCs as the revolutionary technology of borderless ‘flat world’ education. Instead, it outlines the far-from-borderless landscape of MOOC participation in terms of geosocial unevenness using evidence from the discussion boards of a global MOOC on globalisation. Based on this empirical evidence, this article suggests that MOOCs can enable forms of connective action through online educational networking, but that these forms of cyborg knowledge formation are possible precisely because they are not ‘borderless, gender-blind, race-blind, class-blind and bank account blind’.
Using Proxy Records to Document Gulf of Mexico Tropical Cyclones from 1820-1915

Observations of pre-1950 tropical cyclones are sparse due to observational limitations; therefore, the hurricane database HURDAT2 (1851-present) maintained by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration may be incomplete. Here we provide additional documentation for HURDAT2 from historical United States Army fort records (1820-1915) and other archived documents for 28 landfalling tropical cyclones, 20 of which are included in HURDAT2, along the northern Gulf of Mexico coast. One event that occurred in May 1863 is not currently documented in the HURDAT2 database but has been noted in other studies. We identify seven tropical cyclones that occurred before 1851, three of which are potential tropical cyclones. We corroborate the pre-HURDAT2 storms with a tree-ring reconstruction of hurricane impacts from the Florida Keys (1707-2009). Using this information, we suggest landfall locations for the July 1822 hurricane just west of Mobile, Alabama and 1831 hurricane near Last Island, Louisiana on 18 August. Furthermore, we model the probable track of the August 1831 hurricane using the weighted average distance grid method that incorporates historical tropical cyclone tracks to supplement report locations.
“Here, There and Everywhere”: The Beatles, America, and Cultural Globalization, 1964–1968

This article explores the Beatles’ invasion of America as a moment of cultural globalization. Paying attention to the political economy underpinning the Beatles’ success, the international hybridity at the heart of their cultural work, and the diverse ways in which Americans interpreted the Beatles, the article argues that the band was a primary vector of pop culture's increasing globality in the 1960s. More broadly, the article argues that the Beatles’ trajectory reveals that cultural globalization cannot be understood as a process either of homogenization or of creolization. Rather, the Beatles represented an increasingly unified and commodified culture that simultaneously served to reproduce cultural differences when different social formations projected their own meanings onto the hybridized group. The article therefore provides new perspectives on the historical significance of the iconic band and on the intersections between global and domestic cultural history in the 1960s, as well as suggesting a new framework for thinking about both the history and the contradictions of cultural globalization.
Atom-by-Atom Construction of a Quantum Device

Scanning tunneling microscopes (STMs) are conventionally used to probe surfaces with atomic resolution. Recent advances in STM include tunneling from spin-polarized and superconducting tips, time-domain spectroscopy, and the fabrication of atomically precise Si nanoelectronics. In this issue of ACS Nano, Tettamanzi et al. probe a single-atom transistor in silicon, fabricated using the precision of a STM, at microwave frequencies. While previous studies have probed such devices in the MHz regime, Tettamanzi et al. probe a STM-fabricated device at GHz frequencies, which enables excited-state spectroscopy and measurements of the excited-state lifetime. The success of this experiment will enable future work on quantum control, where the wave function must be controlled on a time scale that is much shorter than the decoherence time. We review two major approaches that are being pursued to develop spin-based quantum computers and highlight some recent progress in the atom-by-atom fabrication of donor-based devi...
Lumbar magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with and without Waddell Signs

Abstract Background Context Waddell Signs (WS), introduced as a method to establish patients with substantial psychosocial components to their low back pain, carry a negative association despite no literature evaluating whether physical disease is associated with them. Purpose To compare lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings between the patients with and without WS. Study Design Retrospective cohort study based on prospectively collected data. Patient Sample Thirty patients aged 35 to 55 years with an Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score >50 randomly selected such that there was an even distribution of patients based on the number of WS. Outcome Measures ODI and Short Form-12 scores, number of WS, presence and severity of spinal pathology. Methods MRIs were reviewed by three spine specialists blinded to clinical exam findings, number of WS, and patient identity. Type and severity of pathology and presence of surgical and non-surgical lesions were assessed, and findings were rank ordered based on the overall impression of the pathology. There was no external funding or potential conflicts of interest for this study. Results There were significantly more individual pathologic findings in patients without WS (p=.02). However, there was no difference in the severity of pathology based on WS (p=.46). Furthermore, the rank ordering based on overall impression of severity showed no difference between the patients with and without WS (p=.20). Although 100% of the patients without WS showed pathologic findings on MRI, 70% of WS patients also had significant pathology on MRI. The prevalence of spondylolisthesis, stenosis, and disc herniation was similar (p=.41, p=.22, and p=.43, respectively). The prevalence and mean number of lesion amenable to surgery did not differ based on presence of WS (p=.21 and p=.18, respectively). Conclusions Patients with WS present a difficult diagnostic challenge for the physician as their organic symptoms are often coexistent with emotional fear avoidance behavior. Although there is more overall pathology in patients without WS, a significant number of these patients appear to have comparable spinal pathology with equivalent severity, which may be contributing to patients' symptoms and disability. Presence of these non-organic symptoms often makes us doubt these patients. However, as part of effective treatment, physicians should better understand both the physical and psychological components of patient disability.
From Subcutaneous to Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Back

Abstract The recognition of neutralizing, opsonizing, and autoaggressive antibodies in the serum, the development of vaccines to induce their production and of techniques to isolate and enrich these proteins and formulate safe preparations for the treatment of primary immunodefeicny disorders (PIDD) has taken a bit more than one hundred years. While immunoglobulin replacement therapy for primary and secondary immunodeficiencies is now well established, it is also used for the prevention and treatment of established infections and for immune modulation of many autoimmune, inflammatory, and neurological disorders. New indications and improved products will result in its greatly expanded use both in developed and developing countries, possibly leading to shortages and the need for stricter allocations.
Metal Ions Effectively Ablate the Action of Botulinum Neurotoxin A.

Botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) causes a debilitating and potentially fatal illness known as botulism. The toxin is also a bioterrorism threat, yet no pharmacological antagonist to counteract its effects has reached clinical approval. Existing strategies to negate BoNT/A intoxication have looked to antibodies, peptides, or organic small molecules as potential therapeutics. In this work, a departure from the traditional drug discovery mindset was pursued, in which the enzyme’s susceptibility to metal ions was exploited. A screen of a series of metal salts showed marked inhibitory activity of group 11 and 12 metals against the BoNT/A light chain (LC) protease. Enzyme kinetics revealed that copper (I) and (II) cations displayed noncompetitive inhibition of the LC (Ki ≈ 1 μM), while mercury (II) cations were 10-fold more potent. Crystallographic and mutagenesis studies elucidated a key binding interaction between Cys165 on BoNT/A LC and the inhibitory metals. As potential copper prodrugs, ligand-copp...
Súplicas y peticiones desde el margen: Revisión de tres testimonios coloniales

Resumen: Este articulo se propone realizar un analisistextual partiendo de la lectura detallada de tres cartas,ineditas y de autoria femenina, localizadas en el ArchivoGeneral de Indias en Sevilla, que fueron enviadasal rey desde el Rio de la Plata durante los siglos XVI yXVII. Nuestro objetivo es demostrar como estas practicasescriturales permiten: primero, visualizar un ejercicio depoder de las autoras; segundo, leer estas cartas comorepresentacion del espacio desde donde se configura laagencia femenina de las autoras. Es decir, entendemosy partimos del hecho de que el espacio ha influido culturalmenteen la construccion de genero asi como tambienel genero ha influido en la produccion de dicho espacio.La participacion de las autoras las situa dentro de esaespacialidad en un proceso que es de produccion y dereproduccion puesto que es un acto de concientizacion,en el que el yo se textualiza para hablar de su disconformidadcon el funcionamiento de los estamentos oficialesen las colonias hispanoamericanas.Palabras clave: practica escritural, mujeres, Rio dela Plata, coloniaEntreaties and Petitions from the Margin: RevisingThree Colonial TestimoniesAbstract: The purpose of this article is to analyzethree texts through the thorough reading of unpublishedletters, all written by women, currently located at theArchivo General de Indias in Seville and sent from theRio de la Plata during the XVI and XVII centuries. As afirst step, I intend to demonstrate how the female authorsused the writing of such documents as an empoweringpractice; secondly, I maintain that these letters provide aspace for the emergence of the authors’ identity. In otherwords, I understand and ground the conclusions of thiswork on the fact that space culturally shapes gender, butthat gender acts in the production of such spaces as well.The participation of female authors by means of theseletters merges them with that spatiality in a process bothof production and reproduction, since, as a consciencebuildingact to express their discontent with the colonialsystem.Key words: writing practices, women, Rio de la Plata,colonial era
Inhibitory or excitatory? Optogenetic interrogation of the functional roles of GABAergic interneurons in epileptogenesis.

Alteration in the excitatory/inhibitory neuronal balance is believed to be the underlying mechanism of epileptogenesis. Based on this theory, GABAergic interneurons are regarded as the primary inhibitory neurons, whose failure of action permits hyperactivity in the epileptic circuitry. As a consequence, optogenetic excitation of GABAergic interneurons is widely used for seizure suppression. However, recent evidence argues for the context-dependent, possibly “excitatory” roles that GABAergic cells play in epileptic circuitry. We reviewed current optogenetic approaches that target the “inhibitory” roles of GABAergic interneurons for seizure control. We also reviewed interesting evidence that supports the “excitatory” roles of GABAergic interneurons in epileptogenesis. GABAergic interneurons can provide excitatory effects to the epileptic circuits via several distinct neurological mechanisms. (1) GABAergic interneurons can excite postsynaptic neurons, due to the raised reversal potential of GABA receptors in the postsynaptic cells. (2) Continuous activity in GABAergic interneurons could lead to transient GABA depletion, which prevents their inhibitory effect on pyramidal cells. (3) GABAergic interneurons can synchronize network activity during seizure. (4) Some GABAergic interneurons inhibit other interneurons, causing disinhibition of pyramidal neurons and network hyperexcitability. The dynamic, context-dependent role that GABAergic interneurons play in seizure requires further investigation of their functions at single cell and circuitry level. New optogenetic protocols that target GABAergic inhibition should be explored for seizure suppression.
Filo-hebraísmo y Antisemitismo: Cabezas de Jano del Barroco Quevediano

A pesar de haber sido uno de los autores de indole antisemita mas destacada durante la edad de oro de las letras espanolas, la cual coincidia con el auge de la Inquisicion y la persecucion de criptojudios, y supuestos criptojudios, a lo largo del imperio espanol colonial, Quevedo demostro un extraordinario conocimiento y dominio de fuentes judias, tanto las permitidas como las vedadas por los inquisidores. Las mismas ideas de Quevedo sobre el “buen gobierno” del Felipe III-tan carente del carisma de su notorio padre, el “rey prudente” Felipe II, reflejaban mucha cercania a los escritos hebreos biblicos y pos-biblicos, faceta antes inexplorada de ese autor. Sin entrar en conjeturas del como y del porque Quevedo hubiera hallado y utilizado dichos documentos, este trabajo hace hincapie en la influencia judia intelectual sobre las letras espanolas, incluso durante una epoca ostensiblemente ajena a tal presencia cultural.
Reporting collateral effects of pediatric constraint induced movement therapy: Parent observed speech and language changes

Abstract In recent years the body of evidence for intensive bouts of therapeutic intervention in single disciplines has significantly grown. Implementation of these protocols has gained popularity clinically. Understanding collateral aspects of these intensive occupational and physical therapy sessions is of interest to families and clinicians of various disciplines. This project establishes a uniform documentation method for family comments recorded during home programs using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health-Children and Youth (World Health Organization, 2007) and seeks to identify trends in these anecdotal responses by age group.