cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Retentive Multipotency of Adult Dorsal Root Ganglia Stem Cells

Preservation of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult peripheral nervous system (PNS) has recently been confirmed. However, it is not clear whether peripheral NSCs possess predestined, bona fide phenotypes or a response to innate developmental cues. In this study, we first demonstrated the longevity, multipotency, and high fidelity of sensory features of postmigrating adult dorsal root ganglia (aDRG) stem cells. Derived from aDRG and after 4-5 years in culture without dissociating, the aDRG NSCs were found capable of proliferation, expressing neuroepithelial, neuronal, and glial markers. Remarkably, these aDRG NSCs expressed sensory neuronal markers vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (VGluT2--glutamate terminals), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TrpV1--capsaicin sensitive), phosphorylated 200 kDa neurofilaments (pNF200--capsaicin insensitive, myelinated), and the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), which normally is transiently expressed in developing DRG. Furthermore, in response to neurotrophins, the aDRG NSCs enhanced TrpV1 expression upon exposure to nerve growth factor (NGF), but not to brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). On the contrary, BDNF increased the expression of NeuN. Third, the characterization of aDRG NSCs was demonstrated by transplantation of red fluorescent-expressing aDRG NSCs into injured spinal cord. These cells expressed nestin, Hu, and beta-III-tubulin (immature neuronal markers), GFAP (astrocyte marker) as well as sensory neural marker TrpV1 (capsaicin sensitive) and pNF200 (mature, capsaicin insensitive, myelinated). Our results demonstrated that the postmigrating neural crest adult DRG stem cells not only preserved their multipotency but also were retentive in sensory potency despite the age and long-term ex vivo status.
Hidden-loop colostomy.

Records of 15 patients having hidden-loop colos-tomies were reviewed. All patients had metastatic colonic cancers with impending obstructions. Six colostomies were subsequently opened because of obstructions due to cancer. All colostomy openings were done using local anesthesia in the emergency room. This technique prevented six major celiotomies and provided additional time of living without a stoma. There were two postoperative stomal prolapses, one of which necessitated reoperation.
Corporate Mission Statements: The Bottom Line

Developing a mission statement is an important first step in the strategic planning process, according to both practitioners and research scholars.' Several recent books on strategic management include entire chapters on mission statements, which attest to their perceived importance in the strategy formulation process. Nevertheless, the components of mission statements are among the least empirically examined issues in strategic management. No reported empirical studies describe the composition of business mission statements, only a few conceptual articles suggest desirable component characteristics, and no reported attempts have been made to link mission statements to corporate performance. This neglect is surprising since several studies have concluded that firms that engage in strategic planning outperform firms that do not.2 Thus, the research reported in this paper focused on the nature and role of mission statements in organizational processes; its goal was to improve our understanding of the link between strategic planning and firm performance.
Carrier generation/recombination in the resistivity decay process of Ca: YIG films

Abstract Ca : YIG has many electrical properties similar to those of magnetic semiconductors including resistivities as low as a hundred Ω cm and activation energies of 0.2–0.4 eV. In this paper a resistivity decay process in Ca : YIG when exposed for long periods to moderate electric fields is reported. Resistivities are reduced by 107 and activation energies by a factor of three are quite stable. A model explains the phenomena in terms of a hole generation/recombination process at repulsive trap sites. Impact ionization dominates the resistivity decay process and the repulsive barrier heights are in the energy range of 0.8–1.2 eV. The structural defect is postulated to be a singly charged oxygen vacancy.
Characterization of jump discontinuities for state dependent delay differential equations

Cooke discussed the appropriateness of this model, and he presented some asymptotic theory. As early as 1960 Driver [8-111 pointed out that the two body problem of classical electrodynamics is properly modeled as an FDE with state dependent delays. Furthermore, he was (to the best of our knowledge) the first author to present an existence and uniqueness theory for such equations. The growth of interest in FDE has been stimulated by their wide-spread applications. Various forms of FDE provide the basis for mathematical models in numerous areas, including neural network theory, theory of learning, epidemiology, pharmacokinetics, and time lag control processes. For more detailed study of applications of FDE see [27]. In this paper we shall consider the scalar equation
Partner violence and substance abuse: Treatment interventions

Partner violence is a serious public health issue. For couples who enter treatment for drug and alcohol abuse, rates of partner aggression are alarmingly high, with 53% to 63% of couples reporting one or more episodes of partner violence in the year prior to program entry (Murphy & O'Farrell, 1994; Murphy, O'Farrell, Fals-Stewart, & Feeham, 2001; Stuart et al., 2003). Indeed, one of the most challenging clinical issues faced by therapists who treat substance-abusing patients is intimate partner violence (IPV). This review describes the link between substance abuse (alcohol and drug) and partner violence and identifies treatment strategies for providers working with these clients.
Measuring implementation of social treatment

A combination of quantitative and qualitative methods can help to improve measures of processes, intended and unintended, and the links between processes and outcomes.
The ergonomic design of classroom furniture/computer work station for first graders in the elementary school

Abstract Children have been known to spend over 30% of their time at school. Most classroom activities involve sitting for long periods of time, with little or no breaks. Every effort should be made to ensure that young children do not experience back pain and other musculoskeletal disorders due to prolonged sitting on improperly designed classroom furniture. This paper proposes a methodology and guidelines for the design of ergonomic-oriented classroom furniture for first graders in the elementary school. The anthropometric measures of twenty first graders were used to develop regression equations for the furniture dimensions. The analysis of the relevant anthropometric measures such as stature, weight, body mass index (BMI), popliteal height, buttock-popliteal length, and hip breadth shows that stature and body mass index are important factors in the design of the classroom furniture. Adjustability was incorporated into the design in order to recommend the appropriate dimensions for the design of the classroom furniture. Based on the need to accommodate at least 90% of the population of first graders in the United States, this paper proposes furniture design dimensions for seat height (25.83–32.23 cm); seat depth (27.41–33.86 cm); seat width (17.91–23.29 cm); back rest (35.64–44.37 cm); arm rest (16.28–20.68 cm); and desk height (30.12–37.85 cm). This anthropometric analysis could be used to design ergonomic-oriented classroom furniture which would not only incorporate adjustability, but also improve the level of comfort for the intended users.
171. Weight-related Coaching Pressures, Mental Health, Sleep, and Quality of Life in Competitive University Athletes

students and characterize some of the health habits of supplement users. Methods: University students were recruited through a social media site to complete an on-line questionnaire examining athletics and health. Questions included current and ever-use of specific supplements, athletic activities, eating behaviors, and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ). Results were analyzed with chi-squared and t-test statistics. Results: 1637 students (973F, 661M) with a mean age of 20.8 years completed the questionnaire. Student’s levels of activity were: 10.1% sedentary (S), 30.7% recreational exerciser (RE), 24.6% competitive exerciser (CE), and 34.6% competitive and recreational exerciser (CRE). Overall, 15.2% F and 38.9% M currently used a supplement; 24.2% F and 56.1% M had ever used a supplement. For specific supplement use rates see supplemental table attached. Male users were more likely to be involved with increased exercise than nonusers (CRE: 47.1% vs 33.2%, CE: 25.7% vs 26.5%, RE: 21.0% vs 25.7%, S: 6.2% vs 14.6%, p<.001). Females did not demonstrate any difference based on activity level (CRE: 34.5% vs 31.5%, CE: 24.3% vs 23.4%, RE: 34.5% vs 35.5%, S: 6.8% vs 9.6%, p1⁄4.68). When comparing current users and nonusers, female users were more likely to have reported bingeing/purging/laxative use in the prior month (F: 53.4% vs 46.6%, p1⁄4.02; M: 29.2% vs 28.6%, p1⁄4.86). Male users were more likely to report driven/compelled exercise than nonusers (M:83.3% vs 68.5%, p<.001, F: 77.7% vs 73.5%, p1⁄4.28). For EDEQ scores and subscales, bothmale and female users had higher scores than nonusers (EDEQ-Restraint: M 1.3(1.3) vs 0.8 (1.1), p<.001, F 1.9(1.5) vs 1.6(1.5), p1⁄4.02; EDEQ-Shape Concern: M 1.4(1.3) vs 1.1(1.2), p1⁄4.002, F 2.8(1.6) vs 2.3(1.6), p1⁄4.003; EDEQ-Global: M 1.0(0.9) vs 0.7(0.9), p<.001, F 2.0(1.3) vs 1.7(1.3), p1⁄4.028). Conclusions: Ergogenic supplements are used at high rates by university students and are often associated with other unhealthy weight management practices or weight concerns. While rates and behaviors differ between genders, users appear to be of all physical activity levels. Sources of Support: Stanford University Undergraduate Research Program.
An experimental investigation of the exhaust emissions from spark-assisted homogeneous charge compression ignition in a single-cylinder research engine

The present study investigates the potential impact of spark-assisted (SA) homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) on pollutant exhaust gas emissions from an internal combustion engine. A single-cylinder research engine was used to compare the exhaust emissions of the engine when operated in HCCI, SA-HCCI and conventional spark ignited modes of operation. The study builds on previous results demonstrating the effects of the spark plasma kernel on the ignition process [1, 2]. Specifically, this study investigates the NOx, CO, and HC emissions from an optical engine fueled with indolene in HCCI and SA-HCCI modes at fuel lean conditions. Fuel/air equivalence ratios ranged from φ = 0.3–0.6. Time-averaged emissions were measured using an exhaust gas analyzer. In-cylinder pressure data were also acquired. The results show NOx emissions follow the trends of peak in-cylinder pressure implying that thermal NOx mechanisms dominate both the HCCI and SA-HCCI modes of engine operation. For SA-HCCI, spark timing could be used to change ignition phasing, and consequently change the in-cylinder peak pressure and resulting NOx emissions. Comparing HCCI and SA-HCCI emissions at nominally similar conditions (specifically, comparable indicated mean effective pressures and equivalence ratios) yielded similar NOx emissions. These data show that SA-HCCI may not have a NOx penalty when the spark timing is carefully applied.Copyright © 2009 by ASME
Numerical analysis of natural convection in liquid droplets by phase change

A numerical analysis is performed on thermocapillary buoyancy convection induced by phase change in a liquid droplet. A finite-difference code is developed using an alternating-direction implicit (ADI) scheme. The intercoupling relation between thermocapillary force, buoyancy force, fluid property, heat transfer, and phase change, along with their effects on the induced flow patterns, are disclosed. The flow is classified into three types: thermocapillary, buoyancy, and combined convection. Among the three mechanisms, the combined convection simulates the experimental observations quite well, and the basic mechanism of the observed convection inside evaporating sessile drops is thus identified. It is disclosed that evaporation initiates unstable convection, while condensation always brings about a stable density distribution which eventually damps out all fluid disturbances. Another numerical model is presented to study the effect of boundary recession due to evaporation, and the 'peeling-off' effect (the removal of the surface layer of fluid by evaporation) is shown to be relevant.
Current-Voltage Relations during Illumination: Photoreceptor Membrane of a Barnacle

In voltage clamped photoreceptor cells of the barnacle, light-induced membrane current varied nonlinearly with membrane potential and changed sign at about + 27 millivolts (reversal potential) independently of light intensity. Instantaneous current-voltage relations were linear and intersected the voltage axis at the reversal potential. Illumination increased membrane conductance that was dependent on membrane potential, light intensity, and time.
Temperature dependence of mobility and carrier density in InN films

We investigate the temperature dependence of Hall mobility μ and carrier density Ne for thin InN films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and plasma source molecular-beam epitaxy over three orders-of-magnitude difference in their carrier density: for the low-density film Ne=5.8×1017∕cm3 and for the high-density film Ne=3.2×1020∕cm3. In both the films, for temperature up to 300 K, a large temperature-independent concentration of carriers is observed. For higher temperatures, however, carrier density increases with temperature. The characteristic behavior of the mobility for the low-density film is different from that of the high-density film, particularly for temperatures less than 300 K. The low-density film shows a peak behavior in the mobility around 250 K in contrast to the temperature-independent mobility observed for the high-density film for T<300K. We investigate theoretically the concentrations of donor, acceptor, and threading dislocations for both the films and also discussed various electron-scatt...
Effect of Viscosity on Formation and Sedimentation of Polytomella agilis Vertical Aggregates

SYNOPSIS The response of vertical aggregates of Polytomella agilis to increased viscosity of the medium indicates that viscous resistance of the medium is a critical factor controlling the formation and sedimentation of protozoan aggregates. Aggregate formation time increased from 20 sec to 6.5 min as viscosity was increased 1.72 times. Sedimentation rate decreased about 140 μm/sec for each 10% increment in viscosity. Although there was a 60% decrease in speed of falling aggregates when relative viscosity was increased from 1.0 to 1.6, individually swimming P. agilis decreased less than 22% in speed even at a relative viscosity of 1.84 where aggregates did not form. Cells continued to accumulate near the surface by negative geotactic swimming after vertical aggregation ceased. Vertical aggregation is a cyclic process composed of 4 phases: a) accumulation-aggregation; b) aggregate sedimentation; c) ablation and dispersal; and d) negative geotaxis. Phase d is unique to motile microorganisms and only in such populations is vertical aggregation continuously selfperpetuating. Phases a-c occur with both motile and nonmotile bodies and are dependent upon viscous forces of the medium.
Scattering of atoms by solid surfaces: II. Calculations for the elastic scattering of 3He and 4He by LiF

Abstract The recent quantum mechanical theory of scattering of atoms by solid surfaces, proposed by Cabrera, Celli, Goodman and Manson (CCGM), is applied to calculations of the elastic scattering of 3He and 4He by LiF. The model used is a very special case of the CCGM theory, and is chosen because it allows straightforward calculations and because of its ease of interpretation. Because of uncertainties in the relevant physical parameters in the model and the effects of the simplifications and assumptions made therein, the calculations have only qualitative significance. Such calculations are useful, however, as they provide a basis for (a) discussion of the physical processes involved in elastic scattering, (b) preliminary qualitative correlation of existing experimental data and (c) specific suggestions for future experiments. Existing experimental data support the qualitative predictions of the model.
Self-diffusion in one-dimensional lattice gases in the presence of an external field

We study the motion of a tagged particle in a one-dimensional lattice gas with nearest-neighbor asymmetric jumps, withp (respectively,q),p > q, the probability to jump to the right (left). It was shown in Ref. 6 that the fluctuations in the position of the tagged particle behave normally; 〈(ΔX)2〉∼Dt. Here we compute explicitly the diffusion coefficient. We findD=(1-ρ)(p-q). whereρ is the gas density. The result confirms some recent conjectures based on theoretical arguments and computer experiments.
Origin of thermoremanence in goethite

Abstract Hysteresis loop and thermoremanent magnetization (TRM) measurement were made using synthetic polycrystalline goethite. Even purely antiferromagnetic samples can acquire a stable TRM at 120°C due to intrinsic defects. Thermal demagnetization, and not ac demagnetization, of red sandstones is essential to remove such undesirable contributions to the natural remanent magnetization (NRM).
The Radiating Annular Fin Problem: A Solution Based on the Green's Function Method

Radiating fins are essential elements in the thermal control systems of most spacecraft. The size and weight of the radiating surfaces dominate the design of the thermal control system, so the development of tools useful in the design and optimization of radiating fins is of interest. This paper presents a rigorous new approach for solving the non-linear diffusion problem which results from the analysis of an annular radiating fin. The steady-state, radial temperature profile in the fin is obtained using a Green's function method. The solution method described in this paper results in a single integral equation, whereas solution procedures described in the literature require simultaneous solution of coupled differential and integral equations. The analysis presented in this paper provides new insight into the solution of a classical problem in the thermal management of space vehicles. In addition, the approach outlined in this paper may be applied directly to other types of radiating fins or to other applications governed by non-linear problems.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
STATIC FATIGUE CONTROLS PARTICLE CRUSHING AND TIME EFFECTS IN GRANULAR MATERIALS

Based on observations from constant strain rate experiments and from creep and stress relaxation experiments initiated at different stress levels it is found that sand exhibits patterns of time effects different from those observed in clays. It appears that time effects in sand may be associated with crushing of particles, and a mechanistic picture of time effects in granular materials is constructed in which time effects depend on interparticle friction, grain crushing and grain rearrangement. This mechanistic picture is based on measured behavior in drained triaxial compression tests on three different sands in which strain rate effects are observed as small to negligible. While creep and relaxation are caused by the same underlying phenomenon, it appears that results of creep tests cannot be obtained from results of relaxations tests, and vice versa. The phenomenon of static fatigue of individual particles seems to be at the root of time effects in sand. A review of previous studies of static fatigue is presented. Triaxial tests on a beach sand incorporating creep and stress relaxation are followed by grain size analysis to prove that grain crushing relate to the observed time effects. Additional triaxial tests are presented in which the effect of water is demonstrated in support of the static fatigue mechanism. Load-controlled tests on individual sand particles in the form of spherical glass beads (quartz) were performed by maintaining constant loads lower than the short term crushing loads. As do rock and concrete specimens in triaxial compression, the glass beads show effects of time to crushing.
Family bereavement program (FBP) approach to promoting resilience following the death of a parent

This paper describes a research-based program designed to promote resilience of parentally-bereaved children and their bereaved surviving parent. A contextual resilience model is described as the conceptual foundation of the program. The program is designed to enhance specific parenting and coping skills and to help caregivers and children accomplish goals they set for themselves at the outset of the program. The content of the twelve-sessions and the approach to teaching and supporting parents work on their program and personal goals are described. Evaluation of the program using a randomized experimental design indicates that the program is effective in promoting resilient outcomes of children and of the bereaved parent six-years following their participation in the program.
DEALING WITH THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS IN LOCAL SETTINGS: NONINTENSIVE AGRICULTURE IN LESOTHO, SOUTHERN AFRICA

This article seeks to contribute to efforts toward the identification and critical analysis of sustainable community-based initiatives that could help to ameliorate the impact of the global food crisis in developing countries. To do so, we present a discussion of a sustainable agriculture program in Lesotho, in sub-Saharan Africa. We contextualize the discussion in the framework of both the food crisis and the HIV/AIDS pandemic, both of which are taking a major toll in Lesotho. We then present a brief discussion of some of our anthropological contributions to the work of an NGO that is implementing sustainable agriculture initiatives in periurban areas of Lesotho where households are at high risk for food insecurity.
Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with selenium: an update on current clinical trials and preclinical findings.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. The etiological factors that give rise to prostate cancer are not known. Therefore, it is not possible to develop primary intervention strategies to remove the causative agents from the environment. However, secondary intervention strategies with selenium (Se) compounds and other agents represent a viable option to reduce the morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer. In this review, we discuss ongoing clinical trials. In addition, we discuss preclinical mechanistic studies that provide insights into the biochemical and molecular basis for the anti-carcinogenic activity of both inorganic and organic forms of Se. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Investigator name recognition from medical journal articles: a comparative study of SVM and structural SVM

Automated extraction of bibliographic information from journal articles is key to the affordable creation and maintenance of citation databases, such as MEDLINE®. A newly required bibliographic field in this database is "Investigator Names": names of people who have contributed to the research addressed in the article, but who are not listed as authors. Since the number of such names is often large, several score or more, their manual entry is prohibitive. The automated extraction of these names is a problem in Named Entity Recognition (NER), but differs from typical NER due to the absence of normal English grammar in the text containing the names. In addition, since MEDLINE conventions require names to be expressed in a particular format, it is necessary to identify both first and last names of each investigator, an additional challenge. We seek to automate this task through two machine learning approaches: Support Vector Machine and structural SVM, both of which show good performance at the word and chunk levels. In contrast to traditional SVM, structural SVM attempts to learn a sequence by using contextual label features in addition to observational features. It outperforms SVM at the initial learning stage without using contextual observation features. However, with the addition of these contextual features from neighboring tokens, SVM performance improves to match or slightly exceed that of the structural SVM.
Toward Abstract Numerical Analysis

This paper deals with a technique for proving that certain problems of numerical analysis are numerically unsolvable. So that only methods which are natural for dealing with analytic problems may be presented, notions from recursive function theory have been avoided. Instead, the number of necessary function evaluations is taken as the measure of computational complexity. The role of topological concepts in the study of computability is examined. Last, a topological result is used to prove that a simple initial-value problem is numerically unsolvable.
The Role of Lexico-Semantic Feedback in Open-Domain Textual Question-Answering

This paper presents an open-domain textual Question-Answering system that uses several feedback loops to enhance its performance. These feedback loops combine in a new way statistical results with syntactic, semantic or pragmatic information derived from texts and lexical databases. The paper presents the contribution of each feedback loop to the overall performance of 76% human-assessed precise answers.
Grb2-associated binder-1 mediates phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activation and the promotion of cell survival by nerve growth factor

Nerve growth factor (NGF) prevents apoptosis through stimulation of the TrkA receptor protein tyrosine kinase. The downstream activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) is essential for the inhibition of apoptosis, although this enzyme does not bind to and is not directly activated by TrkA. We have found that the addition of NGF to PC-12 cells resulted in the phosphorylation of the Grb2-associated binder-1 (Gab1) docking protein and induced the association of several SH2 domain-containing proteins, including PI 3-kinase. A substantial fraction of the total cellular PI 3-kinase activity was associated with Gab1. PC-12 cells that overexpressed Gab1 show a decreased requirement for the amount of NGF necessary to inhibit apoptosis. The expression of a Gab1 mutant that lacked the binding sites for PI 3-kinase enhanced apoptosis and diminished the protective effect of NGF. Hence, Gab1 has a major role in connecting TrkA with PI 3-kinase activation and for the promotion of cell survival by NGF.
Small-molecule protein kinase inhibitors and their effects on the immune system: implications for cancer treatment

Oncogenic signaling pathways have emerged as key targets for the development of small-molecule inhibitors, with several protein kinase inhibitors already in clinical use for cancer patients. In addition to their role in tumorigenesis, many of the molecules and signaling pathways targeted by these inhibitors are also important in the signaling and interaction of immune cells, such as T cells and dendritic cells. Not surprisingly, there is increasing evidence that many of these inhibitors can have a substantial impact on immune function, both stimulating and downregulating an immune response. In order to illustrate the important role of signaling molecule inhibition in the modulation of immune function, we will discuss the exemplary pathways MAPK, AKT-PI3K-mTOR and VEGF-VEGFR, as well as selected small-molecule inhibitors, whose impact on immune cells has been studied more extensively.
Preventing Granulosa Cell Apoptosis Through the Action of a Single MicroRNA

The development and rupture of an ovulatory follicle is dependent upon the actions of the gonadotropins follicle-stimulating hormone and the midcycle surge of luteinizing hormone (LH), respectively. After rupture, the cellular remnants of the ovulatory follicle differentiate into steroid-secreting luteal cells. Continued survival of the granulosa cells following ovulation and their luteinization is critical for progesterone production and the ability to sustain pregnancy, and several studies [1–3] have documented a prosurvival effect from surge levels of LH on granulosa cells following its binding and signaling via LH/chorionic gonadotropin receptors (LHCGR). The balance between induction of proapoptotic and antiapoptotic pathways in granulosa cells residing within an ovulatory follicle, however, is complex and not well understood. Factors downstream of LH signaling that determine whether granulosa cell survival or apoptosis is favored have been discovered and investigated individually. For example, progesterone has an antiapoptotic effect on luteinized granulosa cells in most species studied, thereby promoting their continued survival and allowing development of the corpus luteum [4–7]. Other examples of individual factors that play a role in determining granulosa cell survival in the ovulatory follicle include pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), epidermal growth factor-like (EGF) ligands, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), as well as phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) [8–11]. Each of these components regulates distinct pathways that in turn ultimately regulate the induction of apoptosis. A report by Carletti et al. [12] in this issue of Biology of Reproduction provides insight regarding a novel mechanism whereby granulosa cell survival is maintained in the ovulatory follicle after LHCGR signaling through the synthesis and action of a specific microRNA (miRNA).
The study of the charge transfer reaction of the UVI-UV couple on the rotating gold disc electrode

Summary The standard rate constants and diffusion coefficients of the redox couple UVI-UV on a gold electrode were determined at different concentrations of the supporting electrolytes (perchlorate, chloride, sulfate) using the rotating disc technique in the pH range where the limiting current is diffusion controlled. The differences in the values of standard rate constants, depending on the composition of the solution, were attributed to the double-layer effect. The Frumkin correction was applied, assuming that the values of the potential in the diffuse part of the double layer, 2, on gold, are the same as those on mercury at the same rational potentials, using the potentials of zero charge reported for gold.
Higgs factory and potentials

Recent experimental results from LEP has generated new interest in potentials of a Higgs factory (as the first muon collider). We present a conceptual overview of such a collider, required luminosity, and some physics potentials. We illustrate the unlikely case where muon radiative corrections results in a vanishing /spl mu//sup +//spl mu//sup -/h vertex (/spl sigma/ is zero), and how in such a case, the neutral MSSM Higgs sector via resonant production of H and A may be possible at a muon collider.
Marketing: The prospects for the 1980s

Abstract The article describes a research project whose purpose was to investigate the operating environment of the 1980s for the marketing executive and the strategic responses appropriate to that environment. The survey found that marketing executives were optimistic in their view of the future decade but felt the need for greater precision in marketing strategies to deal with the attendant high risks.
Locomotor Requirements for Bipedal Locomotion: A Delphi Survey

Background Bipedal locomotor control requirements may be useful as classifications for walking dysfunction because they go beyond gait analysis to address all issues contributing to walking dysfunction. Objective The objective of this study was to determine whether locomotor experts could achieve consensus about the requirements for bipedal locomotion. Design and Methods Locomotor experts from physical therapy and other related professions participated in an electronic mail Delphi survey. Experts recommended additions, deletions, rewording, and merges for 15 proposed locomotor requirements in round 1. In rounds 2 and 3, panelists commented on and rated the validity, mutual exclusiveness, and understandability of each requirement. Consensus was defined a priori as: (1) 75% or more panelists agree or strongly agree that a requirement is valid, mutually exclusive, and understandable in round 3; (2) no difference between round 2 and 3 ratings with kappa coefficients ≥.60; and (3) a reduction in panelists who commented and convergence of comments between rounds 1 and 3. Content analysis and nonparametric statistics were used. Results Fifty-eight panelists reached full consensus on 5 locomotor requirements (Initiation, Termination, Anticipatory Dynamic Balance, Multi-Task Capacity, and Walking Confidence) and partial consensus for 7 other requirements. There were no significant differences in ratings between rounds 2 and 3, and there was a decrease in the percentage of panelists who commented between rounds 1 and 3. Limitations The study's 6-month time frame may have contributed to panelist attrition. Conclusions Locomotor experts achieved consensus on several bipedal locomotor requirements. With validation, these requirements can provide the framework for a clinically feasible and systematic diagnostic tool for physical therapists to categorize locomotor problems and standardize intervention for walking dysfunction.
Chondracanthid copepods parasitic on platycephalid fishes of Australia, with discussion of known species occurring on flatheads

Two species of chondracanthid copepods Acanthochondria platycephali Heegaard, 1940 and Pterochondria alatalongicollis Heegaard, 1940 are described. The latter was described by Heegaard as Acanthochondria platycephali f. alata-longicollis . However, it is placed in a new genus, based on the studies of type specimen and new material. A discussion on the other species of Acanthocondria parasitic on the flathead is given. It is suggested that A. bulbosus Heegaard, 1943, is synonymous with A. tchangi Y¨ , 1935, and A. diastema Kabata, 1965, with Pterochondria alatalongicollis .
Evaluation of Geothermal Potential of Truth or Consequences Area, New Mexico: ABSTRACT

Truth or Consequences, New Mexico, is the site of a known thermal anomaly with free-flowing artesian wells and springs ranging in temperature from 36.7 to 45.6°C. Recently completed electrical resistivity surveys and hydrogeologic studies indicate two specific areas worthy of further evaluation for low to moderate-temperature geothermal potential: one area about 1 km northwest of Truth or Consequences, and the other at the southwestern end of the Mud Springs Mountains. The DC electrical resistivity study consisted of three Schlumberger vertical electric soundings and an extensive roving bipole-dipole survey in the vicinity of the previously mentioned target areas. Three total-field apparent resistivity maps were generated from the data collected during the roving bip le-dipole survey. To demonstrate the effect of lateral heterogeneities in the geothermal reservoir zone, these maps were compared with theoretical total-field maps computed for a one-dimensional layered earth. Combined electric, hydrologic, and lithologic data indicate that the major thermal aquifer is a fault-bounded block of Pennsylvanian limestone with a major recharge area in the Mud Springs Mountains. This carbonate aquifer is approximately 1 km thick and, locally buried as much as 120 m beneath Quaternary alluvium and the nonthermal piedmont aquifer. Transport of thermal waters from the carbonate aquifer into the Rio Grande flood-plain aquifer occurs along a N60°W-trending reverse fault zone which dips 60°N. Latest movement along this fault zone has tentatively been dated as middle to late Pleistocene. The heat source for the thermal aquifer may be related to early Pleistocene igneous activity. End_of_Article - Last_Page 564------------
Direct imaging of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia with fluorine-18-labeled deoxyglucose and Tc-99m-sestamibi in coronary artery disease

Background— Scintigraphic myocardial perfusion imaging is the most widely used noninvasive modality for the detection of coronary artery disease (CAD). A technique for direct imaging of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia is highly desirable and preferable over perfusion imaging but is presently unavailable. We evaluated the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of direct imaging of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia with fluorine-18-2-deoxyglucose ( 18 FDG). Methods and Results— Twenty-six patients with known or suspected CAD and no prior myocardial infarction underwent simultaneous myocardial perfusion and ischemia imaging after the intravenous injection of Tc-99m-sestamibi ( 99m Tc-sestamibi) and 18 FDG at peak exercise. Rest perfusion imaging was carried out separately. All patients underwent coronary angiography. Exercise 18 FDG myocardial images were compared with exercise-rest 99m Tc-sestamibi images and coronary angiography. Of 22 patients with ≥50% narrowing of ≥1 coronary arteries, 18 had perfusion abnormalities (sensitivity 82%) whereas 20 had abnormal myocardial 18 FDG uptake (sensitivity 91%, P =NS). Perfusion abnormalities were seen in myocardial segments corresponding to 25 vascular territories of a total of 51 vessels with ≥50% luminal narrowing in 22 patients (sensitivity 49%), whereas increased 18 FDG uptake was seen in 34 vascular territories (sensitivity 67%, P =0.008). 18 FDG images were of high quality and easy to interpret but required simultaneous perfusion images for localizing abnormal myocardial 18 FDG uptake. Conclusions— Exercise-induced myocardial ischemia can be imaged directly with 18 FDG. Combined exercise 18 FDG- 99m Tc-sestamibi imaging provides a better assessment of exercise-induced myocardial ischemia compared with exercise-rest perfusion imaging. Direct ischemia imaging eliminates some of the limitations of presently used myocardial perfusion imaging. Large-scale clinical studies are warranted.
Plantae Colombianae,X: I.-De Euphorbiaceis notae diversae

Cunuria Spruceana / Hevea guianensis / Hevea viridis / Senefeldera chiribiquetensis / Saurauia brachybotrys / Saurauia chortophylla / Saurauia floccifera / Saurauia parviflora / Saurauia pseudoleucocarpa / Saurauia pycnotricha / Saurauia Smithiana / Saurauia ursina
Hydrologic Characterization of Desert Soils with Varying Degrees of Pedogenesis: 1. Field Experiments Evaluating Plant-Relevant Soil Water Behavior

To assess the effect of pedogenesis on the soil moisture dynamics influencing the character and quality of ecological habitat, we conducted infiltration and redistribution experiments on three alluvial deposits in the Mojave National Preserve: (i) recently deposited active wash sediments, (ii) a soil of early Holocene age, and (iii) a highly developed soil of late Pleistocene age. At each, we ponded water in a 1-m-diameter infiltration ring for 2.3 h and monitored soil water content and matric pressure during and after infiltration, using probes and electrical resistivity imaging (ERI). Infiltration and downward flow rates were greater in younger material, favoring deep-rooted species. Deep-rooted species tend to colonize the margins of washes, where they are unaffected by sediment transport that inhibits colonization. The ERI results support important generalizations, for example that shallower than 0.5 m, infiltrated water persists longer in highly developed soil, favoring shallow-rooted species. Soil moisture data for the two youngest soils suggested that saturation overshoot, which may have significant but unexplored hydroecologic and pedogenic effects, occurred at the horizontally advancing wetting front. Spatial heterogeneity of soil properties generally increased with pedogenic development. Evidence suggested that some early-stage developmental processes may promote uniformity; the intermediate-age soil appeared to have the least heterogeneity in terms of textural variation with depth, and also the least anisotropy. Lateral heterogeneity was pronounced in older soil, having a multitude of effects on the distribution and retention of soil water, and may facilitate certain water-conserving strategies of plants over what would be possible in a laterally homogeneous soil.
Digital Sensitivity: Predicting Signal Interaction using Functional AnalysisThis project is supported by the Semiconductor Research Corporation under grant 96DC324. Its support is gratefully acknowledged.

Maintaining signal integrity in digital systems is becoming increasingly difficult due to the rising number of analog effects seen in deep sub-micron design. One such effect, the signal crosstalk problem, is now a serious design concern. Signals which couple electrically may not affect system behavior because of timing or function in the digital domain. if we can isolate observable coupling effects then we can constrain layout synthesis to eliminate them [1]. In this paper, we find that it is possible to predict signal interaction by signal functionality alone, leading to a significant amount of robust switching isolation, independent of parasitics introduced by layout or semiconductor process. We introduce techniques to predict signal interaction using functional sensitivity analysis. In general sequential networks we find that significant switching isolation can be extracted with efficient sensitivity analysis algorithms, thus giving promise to the goal of synthesizing layout free from crosstalk effects.
Endothelial Activation and Injury: The Mechanisms of Rickettsial Vasculiti

Rickettsial infections continue to pose a significant health threat to humans of all ages across the globe. Rickettsiae are obligate intracellular, Gram-negative bacteria with tropism for microvascular endothelium in humans during natural transmission from arthropod vectors and in experimental mouse models of infection. Consequently, pathogenesis of rickettsioses primarily involves endothelial activation, inflammation, dysfunction, and compromised barrier integrity, collectively referred to as “rickettsial vasculitis.” A procoagulative phenotype may develop in rickettsial infection, resulting in the formation of hemostatic plugs at the sites of severe vascular damage, but only rare occurrence of disseminated intravascular coagulation. This chapter summarizes unique features of pathogenic Rickettsia species, the spectrum of rickettsial diseases, and recent advancements in cellular and molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis with primary focus on endothelial cell responses to infection. Comprehensive understanding of interactions between this unique group of cytoplasmic pathogens and the host vasculature should facilitate the development of new therapeutics to prevent or reverse endothelial dysfunction and vascular leakage associated with rickettsial infections.
Vaginal expulsion of a Hulka clip. A case report.

The first known case of vaginal expulsion of a Hulka clip has occurred in a 35-year-old Ohio woman. The woman gravida 5 para 4 abortus 1 underwent laparoscopic Hulka clip sterilization in January 1983 with no complications. She was seen again in March 1984 for symptomatic menometrorrhagia for which dilation and curettage was performed. At her next gynecological visit in June 1987 the patient brought in a clamped Hulka clip that had been passed through the vagina. The uterus was normal in size the adnexa were not palpable and no fistula or iatrogenic openings were observed. The patient had not experienced severe abdominal pain fever or gastrointestinal disorder. A hysterosalpingogram showed bilateral blockage of the tubes and one clip on the left side. Clip self-migration should be considered an extremely rare complication of this procedure.
Voting and Abstaining in the U.S. Senate: Mr. Downs Goes to Washington

Rothenberg and Sanders (2000a) find little support for a Downsian theory of voter participation in the (104th) U.S. House of Representatives. Vote abstentions are common in legislative bodies. In the 2nd session of the 110th United States Senate, for example, the abstention rate was approximately 0.057. The present paper uses logistic regression models with fixed effects as well as random effects in an alternative legislative setting to determine whether vote participation in the 110th Senate conforms to “Downsian rationality.” Throughout the analysis, we find substantial evidence that legislators in the 2nd session of the 110th Senate made vote participation decisions in a manner consistent with Downsian rationality.
Effect of thyroid hormone replacement in iron-deficient rats

To determine if the previously observed alterations in norepinephrine (NE) metabolism and resting metabolic rate in iron-deficient (ID) rats result from hypothyroidism, exogenous thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) were administered to ID rats in doses sufficient to normalize the plasma concentrations of these hormones, whereas other ID and control (CN) rats received placebo treatment. Resting oxygen consumption was approximately 25% higher in ID than CN rats; T4 but not T3 treatment alleviated this elevated oxygen uptake. The NE content of interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), liver, and heart was 70-80% lower in ID than CN rats, and NE turnover in the same tissues was likewise 40-60% lower in ID than CN rats, with no systematic effect of either T3 or T4 treatment. Liver T(4)5'-deiodinase activity was 70% lower in ID than CN rats and increased with T4 but not T3 treatment. These experiments show that iron deficiency alters NE and energy metabolism in a way that is mostly independent of its effects on thyroid hormone metabolism.
Surface Loading in Open-Top Tanks

For many years the flow of air around right circular cylinders has been the subject of frequent investigations. In order to find the surface loading on solid floating tops as well as wind effects on exposed liquid surfaces, tests were conducted in the 6 ft x 6 ft wind tunnel of the Aerospace Engineering Department at Virginia Polytechnic Institute. The results are presented herein.
On ordering problems in message passing software

The need for concurrency in modern software is increasingly fulfilled by utilizing the message passing paradigm because of its modularity and scalability. In the message passing paradigm, concurrently running processes communicate by sending and receiving messages. Asynchronous messaging introduces the possibility of message ordering problems: two messages with a specific order in the program text could take effect in the opposite order in the program execution and lead to bugs that are hard to find and debug. We believe that the engineering of message passing software could be easier if more is known about the characteristics of message ordering problems in practice. In this work, we present an analysis to study and quantify the relation between ordering problems and semantics variations of their underlying message passing paradigm in over 30 applications. Some of our findings are as follows: (1) semantic variations of the message passing paradigm can cause ordering problems exhibited by applications in different programming patterns to vary greatly; (2) some semantic features such as in-order messaging are critical for reducing ordering problems; (3) modular enforcement of aliasing in terms of data isolation allows small test configurations to trigger the majority of ordering problems.
Epicardial sites for vagal mediation of sinoatrial function.

The posterior atrial fat pad (PAFP) has been described as the probable anatomic location of parasympathetic ganglia mediating sinoatrial (SAN) and atrioventricular nodal function in the mammalian h...