cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Manufacturing Robotics: Basic Issues and Challenges

Abstract State of the arts manufacturing robotics and its future directions are discussed. Three research areas relevant to manufacturing robotics are reviewed. First, the basic technologies of fixturing and grasp are addressed. Theories of form closure and force closure as well as their applications to fixture design and grasp planning are described. New techniques of parts presentation are described as well. Second, various issues concerning assembly are addressed. Modeling of the assembly process and its applications to the design of compliance hands are described, followed by discussions on compliance control and fine motion planning. Third, teaching and programming issues, with emphasis on human-machine communications, are addressed. Basic techniques of teaching-by-showing and skill acquisition are described. The future of manufacturing robotics is discussed at the end. The impact of rapidly growing information technology, miniaturization technology, and new fabrication technologies such as 3D free form fabrication and MEMS technology is described, and their applications to manufacturing robotics are presented.
Dietary variables associated with substantial postpartum weight retention at 1-year among women with GDM pregnancy.

An understanding of the dietary behaviors linked to substantial postpartum weight retention, particularly in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM), is warranted to focus intervention efforts to prevent future type 2 diabetes. This study evaluates the relationship between dietary food intake at 6–9 weeks postpartum (baseline) and odds of substantial postpartum weight retention (≥ 5 kg) at 1-year in women with GDM. The Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes after GDM pregnancy (SWIFT) is a prospective multi-ethnic cohort (75% minority) of 1035 women (aged 20–45 years) with recent GDM who delivered a singleton, live birth (≥35 weeks gestation) and underwent 2-h 75 g OGTTs, anthropometric measurements and other assessments at 6–9 weeks postpartum (baseline) and annually thereafter. Eight hundred and eighty-eight women without diabetes at baseline completed the 18-item PrimeScreen to assess dietary intake and the 13-item Caffeine Survey to assess beverage intake, and completed 1-year follow-up. Average postpartum weight retention was calculated (1-year postpartum weight minus pre-pregnancy weight). Multivariable logistic regression models that estimated baseline dietary intake and odds of substantial postpartum weight retention (SPPWR ≥5 kg above pre-pregnancy weight) versus not SPPWR adjusted for numerous clinical, sociodemographic and behavioral covariates. Compared to eating no fried foods, women who reported eating fried foods ≥5 servings/wk. (n = 32) and 2–4 serv/wk. (n = 208), respectively, had a three-fold and two-fold higher odds of SPPWR (OR = 3.38, 95% CI:1.36–8.38, P = 0.009; OR = 1.99, 95% CI:1.30–3.03, P = 0.02), after adjustment for covariates and other foods and soda intake. Soda intake ≥2 serv/wk. versus none was associated with higher odds of SPPWR (OR = 1.95, 95% CI:1.22–3.11, P = 0.005) adjusted for fried foods and covariates, but was attenuated (OR = 1.61,95% CI:0.98–2.66, p = 0.06) after addition of whole eggs and processed meats. These findings indicate that interventions should focus on reducing fried foods and soda intake during early postpartum periods to reduce substantial postpartum weight retention in high-risk women with GDM. NCT01967030 ; October 2013, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Health and Human Development (NICHD).
Why Junior College Terminal Education

(1942). Why Junior College Terminal Education? The Journal of Higher Education: Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 56-58.
Development of a Tendon-Driven Dexterous Hand for Fine Manipulation

This paper presents a tendon-driven dexterous hand capable of object manipulation. This dexterous hand is anatomically sound and mimics the musculoskeletal structure of human fingers including the passive mechanism, bone geometry, tendon network. One of the key features of this prosthetic hand is the ability to perform fine finger manipulation motions such as holding a pen with two fingers and rotating the pen. With this feature the user of the prosthesis will be potentially capable of performing a wider range of motions and tasks, which is the key feature missing from current commercially prosthetic hand available today. Some of these tasks can include holding utensils, performing fine manipulation movements in manufacturing settings, as well as many other tasks to greatly assist the user of the prosthesis.
The Impact of Bridging LRT on Survival in Patients Listed for Liver Transplantation

Locoregional therapy (LRT) is recommended for certain groups of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) listed for orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) with expected wait times greater than 6 months. A retrospective single-center study was performed to evaluate the effect of LRT on the outcomes of patients with HCC listed for OLT. Institutional database was reviewed to identify the patients listed for OLT with HCC (March 1998–December 2010). Patient and tumor characteristics were recorded with a follow-up period of 6.5 years from diagnosis. Out of 359 listed patients, 72 patients were delisted (delisted group) and 287 underwent orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT group). One hundred fifty-five and 45 patients from the OLT and delisted groups underwent locoregional therapy (LRT), respectively. Median wait time and sum of largest tumor diameter were significantly higher for patients receiving LRT. LRT was associated with significantly better survival among delisted patients at the end of follow-up (1249.6 ± 137.4 vs. 742.1 ± 155.4 days, p = 0.028). In the OLT group, survival was similar between LRT and no LRT group, but survival was significantly better in patients with largest tumor diameter ≥30 mm (1949.4 ± 95.1 vs. 1694.8 ± 135.5, p = 0.02). Patients with HCC and the largest tumor greater than 30 mm treated with LRT prior to OLT have improved survival compared to patients not receiving LRT. Additionally, for patients who did not undergo transplant survival is significantly longer for those receiving LRT.
Effective binary cuckoo search optimization based cloud brokering mechanism on cloud

The service gave by cloud computing continues expanding and henceforth keeping in mind the end goal to diminish the weight of clients and suppliers on managing distinctive cloud service cloud brokering mechanism is utilized. At first, we have verify the client information's to give the fitting information, for example, the purchaser name; id and secret word for delivering the database in the cloud on effective approval a short time later arrange the conviction esteem rely on upon the protection. Cloud broker empowers enhanced position of virtual machine (VM) over various cloud suppliers as indicated by the client determined criteria and afterward to deal with the subsequent foundation we are using a parallel cuckoo search algorithm for that improvement. Cloud handling system is made out of client, supplier and cloud broker. The client asks for the virtual transportation by making utilization of a few service depiction layouts. The supplier provides virtual machine setup. Cloud broker is put amongst client and supplier. Facilitating component is set up by taking after the two stages which are booking, virtual transportation management (VTM). Booking is accomplished for right arrangement of VM over the cloud environment and the VTM is utilized for legitimate sending of the VM. Here we have use a K-means clustering algorithm for clustering the client required services likewise the Abstraction layer is utilized alongside the VTM for getting to numerous clouds. This strategy is clarified better through a contextual analysis where a cluster is put crosswise over various numerous cloud suppliers. The service gave by numerous clouds appears to be superior to anything single cloud and this has been tentatively confirmed here requiring little to no effort.
A Paradigm Shifting Concept: Inhibiting Tumor Growth and Metastasis Potential by Exploiting Overexpressed COX-2 in Cancer Cells along with shRNA-Knockdown of Delta-5-Desaturase and DGLA Supplementation

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is commonly overexpressed in cancer which catalyzes arachidonic acid peroxidation to produce cancer promoters. Thus, COX-2 inhibition is extensively studied for cancer treatment. However, COX-2 inhibitors suffer from critical side effects and never achieve desirable therapeutic effect in cancer patients. Recent study from our lab showed that siRNA knockdown of delta-5-desaturase (D5D), a key enzyme that converts dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DGLA) to arachidonic acid, promoted COX-2 catalyzed DGLA peroxidation and formation of an anti-cancer byproduct 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid (8-HOA), which served as an HDAC inhibitor and suppressed growth and migration of colon and pancreatic cancer cells. In the present study, we extend our novel research to mice xenograft colon and pancreatic tumor models and hypothesize that, knockdown of D5D can reserve more DGLA in tumors to promote the formation of 8-HOA form COX-2 peroxidation to a threshold level, which could then suppress tumor growth and metastasis. To test our hypothesis, wild-type or D5D knockdown (via shRNA transfection) HCA-7 (human colon cancer cell line) and BxPC-3 (human pancreatic cancer cell line) were injected subcutaneously into the flank area of nude mice to establish tumor xenografts. The mice then received four-week treatment of vehicle control, DGLA, chemo-drugs or combination of DGLA and chemo-drugs. The tumor size was monitored and tumor tissues were collected followed by further analysis. Our results showed that D5D knockdown along with DGLA supplement inhibited growth and metastasis potential of colon and pancreatic xenograft tumors. A significant accumulation of 8-HOA was observed in D5D knockdown tumors after DGLA treatment, which resulted in inhibited HDAC activity and altered expression of various key proteins involved in cancer proliferation and migration, including p53, procaspase 9, cleaved PARP, Ki-67, E-cadherin and MMP-2. In addition, combination of our treatment strategy with chemo-drugs led to significantly improved anti-cancer effects in both colon and pancreatic tumors compared to chemotherapy alone. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the commonly overexpressed COX-2 in cancer can be taken advantage to control tumor growth and metastasis potential, which represents a paradigm shifting concept in contrast to the COX inhibition strategy.
Life Cycle Assessment of Connected and Automated Vehicles: Sensing and Computing Subsystem and Vehicle Level Effects

Although recent studies of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) have begun to explore the potential energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission impacts from an operational perspective, little is known about how the full life cycle of the vehicle will be impacted. We report the results of a life cycle assessment (LCA) of Level 4 CAV sensing and computing subsystems integrated into internal combustion engine vehicle (ICEV) and battery electric vehicle (BEV) platforms. The results indicate that CAV subsystems could increase vehicle primary energy use and GHG emissions by 3–20% due to increases in power consumption, weight, drag, and data transmission. However, when potential operational effects of CAVs are included (e.g., eco-driving, platooning, and intersection connectivity), the net result is up to a 9% reduction in energy and GHG emissions in the base case. Overall, this study highlights opportunities where CAVs can improve net energy and environmental performance.
Consumer’s use of information sources by fashionleadership and style of information processing

For fashion consumers, information search precedes any purchase decision. The search may be internal (e.g., retrieving knowledge from memory) and/or external. External information can come from personal (e.g., family) and impersonal (e.g., TV) sources (Blackwell, Miniard, & Engel, 2005). Consumers use many sources of information but each consumer finds source(s) of information that work best for him/her. The combination of information sources that works best for an individual may be influenced by style of processing, that is, his/her "preference and propensity to engage in a verbal and/or visual modality of processing" (Childers, Houston, & Heckler, 1985, p. 130).
A just transition for coal miners? Community identity and support from local policy actors

Abstract The U.S. energy system is currently undergoing significant transition as unconventional drilling technologies have drastically increased the volume of natural gas and oil produced domestically, the cost of renewables has declined, and coal production has plummeted. Scholars and activists have increasingly argued for a just transition policy framework to assist displaced coal miners. In this analysis, we consider support for just transition policies among local policy actors in the Mountain West region, focusing on the role of accountability and community economic identity. Results suggest that policies to assist displaced coal miners enjoy broad support among local policy actors, indicating that comprehensive program to assist communities and workers negatively impacted by the energy transition might be politically possible.
Amniotic fluid tests for fetal lung maturation--the good, the bad, and the promising.

Objective To assess promising laboratory tests for fetal lung maturity (FLM). Data sources Professional literature. Data extraction Survey of literature. Data synthesis Traditional biochemical tests for FLM such as the LSR are reliable if performed properly but are difficult to perform, costly, and not widely available; most are not good predictors of respiratory distress syndrome. Many of the newer biochemical and biophysical FLM assays are more reliable, faster, require less personnel time, and are readily available. Conclusion The development of laboratory tests to measure the presence or effects of pulmonary surfactant in amniotic fluid has contributed greatly to the management of premature deliveries; newer tests show promise but require more extensive evaluation.
THICK FILM HYBRID INTEGRATED CIRCUITS FOR MEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the application thick film hybrid integrated circuits for medical instrumentation. Thick film techniques are appropriate for electronic instrumentation fabrication when miniaturization, high reliability, and cost-effective limited production are required. Medical instrumentation, especially those for human applications, quite often require high reliability and miniaturization. The technique described in the chapter is being used to manufacture thick film hybrid human motor activity recording monitors (MARMs) that are an extension of previously described type. A quartz crystal oscillator and frequency-divider circuit provide timing pulses to affect the storage of accumulated activity units during successive time intervals. At the termination of each summing interval marked by a timing pulse from the frequency divider, the contents of the accumulator are deposited into memory and the accumulator is reset to 0. The development of the MARM makes it possible to record detailed motoractivity profiles on psychiatric-ward patients or outpatients, permitting an accurate assessment of ultradian and circadian motor-activity rhythms.
Return to Play Among Elite Basketball Players After Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation of Full-Thickness Cartilage Lesions.

Background:Osteochondral allograft transplantation (OCA) is a recognized option for full-thickness articular cartilage defects of the knee, especially in the setting of large lesions or those invol...
Encyclopedia of Software Engineering Three-Volume Set (Print)

Software engineering requires specialized knowledge of a broad spectrum of topics, including the construction of software and the platforms, applications, and environments in which the software operates as well as an understanding of the people who build and use the software. Offering an authoritative perspective, the two volumes of the Encyclopedia of Software Engineering cover the entire multidisciplinary scope of this important field. More than 200 expert contributors and reviewers from industry and academia across 21 countries provide easy-to-read entries that cover software requirements, design, construction, testing, maintenance, configuration management, quality control, and software engineering management tools and methods. Editor Phillip A. Laplante uses the most universally recognized definition of the areas of relevance to software engineering, the Software Engineering Body of Knowledge (SWEBOK®), as a template for organizing the material. Also available in an electronic format, this encyclopedia supplies software engineering students, IT professionals, researchers, managers, and scholars with unrivaled coverage of the topics that encompass this ever-changing field. Also Available OnlineThis Taylor & Francis encyclopedia is also available through online subscription, offering a variety of extra benefits for researchers, students, and librarians, including: Citation tracking and alerts Active reference linking Saved searches and marked lists HTML and PDF format options Contact Taylor and Francis for more information or to inquire about subscription options and print/online combination packages.US: (Tel) 1.888.318.2367; (E-mail) e-reference@taylorandfrancis.comInternational: (Tel) +44 (0) 20 7017 6062; (E-mail) online.sales@tandf.co.uk
Estimating spatial–temporal differences in Chinook salmon outmigration survival with habitat- and predation-related covariates

Low survival rates of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolts in California’s Central Valley have been attributed to multiple biological and physical factors, but it is not clear which fac...
Passive directional sub-ambient daytime radiative cooling

Demonstrations of passive daytime radiative cooling have primarily relied on complex and costly spectrally selective nanophotonic structures with high emissivity in the transparent atmospheric spectral window and high reflectivity in the solar spectrum. Here, we show a directional approach to passive radiative cooling that exploits the angular confinement of solar irradiation in the sky to achieve sub-ambient cooling during the day regardless of the emitter properties in the solar spectrum. We experimentally demonstrate this approach using a setup comprising a polished aluminum disk that reflects direct solar irradiation and a white infrared-transparent polyethylene convection cover that minimizes diffuse solar irradiation. Measurements performed around solar noon show a minimum temperature of 6 °C below ambient temperature and maximum cooling power of 45 W m–2. Our passive cooling approach, realized using commonly available low-cost materials, could improve the performance of existing cooling systems and enable next-generation thermal management and refrigeration solutions. Passive daytime radiative cooling presents a promising low-cost refrigeration solution but has thus far relied on specialized nanophotonic structures. Here Bhatia et al. show a directional approach that decouples solar reflectance and infrared emission to achieve superior cooling performance.
Value of dedicated small-field-of-view sacroiliac versus large-field-of-view pelvic magnetic resonance imaging for evaluating pediatric sacroiliitis

Optimized MRI parameters can be leveraged to improve signal intensity, accelerate imaging acquisition and increase resolution. Higher-resolution imaging with a small field of view (FOV) has been proposed as standard practice for investigating sacroiliac (SI) joints, but the improvement in disease detection and characterization over pelvic imaging with large FOV has not been established. The purpose of this study was to compare dedicated MR images of the SI joints with survey imaging (large-FOV pelvic MRI) for detecting sacroiliitis. Fifty-eight pediatric patients suspected of having sacroiliitis underwent dedicated sacroiliac joint and survey pelvic imaging at the same imaging session. We independently evaluated the small- and large-FOV image data sets for presence or absence of sacroiliitis, e.g., bone marrow edema, erosions and synovitis. We used nonparametric statistical tests to compare lesion scores for severity of inflammation. We created test characteristics for the survey pelvic images (low-resolution images of the sacroiliac joints) using dedicated sacroiliac images (small-FOV, high-resolution images) as the gold standard. Dedicated sacroiliac small-FOV MRI detected more sacroiliitis compared to survey pelvic imaging with large FOV (χ2=6.125, P=0.013). Readers detected significantly more features of inflammation on small- compared to large-FOV images, e.g., erosions (P=0.039), synovitis (P=0.009), sclerosis (P=0.017) and osteitis (P=0.001). Test characteristics for pelvic large-FOV imaging were sensitivity=0.76, specificity=1.00, positive predictive value = 1.00 and negative predictive value = 0.75. This study provides test characteristics for survey pelvic MRI with lower-resolution large-field-of-view images as a screening tool for detecting sacroiliitis. Pelvic screening studies with large FOV have lower sensitivity, and dedicated sacroiliac MRI with small FOV is superior in detecting sacroiliitis when compared to pelvic screening MRI.
Borepin Rings as “Sigma-Free” Reporters of Aromaticity within Polycyclic Aromatic Scaffolds

The definition and measurement of local and global aromaticity in fused ring polycyclic aromatic compounds is a complex issue. Historically, these types of molecules have been explored in this capa...
Imperforate Hymen Causing Hematocolpos and Urinary Retention.

Abstract Background Acute urinary retention is rare in the pediatric population and is typically caused by an obstructing entity. It may result from hematocolpos caused by imperforate hymen. Imperforate hymen is rare, with an associated incidence of 1 in 2000 people. Nonetheless, in a pediatric age female who presents with urinary retention and who has a history of primary amenorrhea or a history of cyclical pelvic pain an examination of the external genitalia should be performed to rule out this condition. Case Report A 12-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with urinary retention and was discharged with a diagnosis of urinary tract infection. She returned the following day to the emergency department with worsening abdominal pain. A computed tomography scan revealed a fluid-filled vagina measuring 12.5 cm. Her bladder measured 15.4 cm. The patient was taken to the operating room for further evaluation by the consulting gynecologist. At the time of surgery, 1000 mL of urine were evacuated after catheterization. Three hundred milliliters of chocolate-colored fluid, consistent with menstrual blood, were evacuated at time of hymenotomy. Hymenotomy was performed with a cruciate incision. No complications were encountered. Why Should an Emergency Physician Be Aware of This? To date, there have been >40 reported cases of imperforate hymen causing hematocolpos and subsequent urinary retention. However, given the rarity of imperforate hymen, hematocolpos leading to acute urinary retention can still be missed. Untreated urinary retention can lead to a compromise in bladder function and subsequent kidney damage.
Infant health impacts of freshwater algal blooms: Evidence from an invasive species natural experiment

Abstract Economists are increasingly interested in causally interpretable estimates of environmental health externalities, particularly on infant health. This paper focuses on a specific case by investigating microcystin, a toxin produced by freshwater blue-green algal blooms. We exploit a natural experiment caused by a zebra mussel die-off in a large lake located in the state of Michigan, USA to identify changes in microcystin-related infant outcomes surrounding the lake. Using both the synthetic control method and a difference-in-differences strategy, we find that instances of low birth weight around the lake fell by 1.4 percentage points after lake water quality improved. Along the intensive margin, birth weight and length of gestation increased by 17.1 g and 0.47 weeks, respectively. Improvements to low birth weight result in $768,500 in average annual hospitalization cost savings. Many robustness and falsification tests are performed including using both annual and monthly data and accounting for possible weather confounders and seasonality. Results suggest that microcystin can affect infant health at levels below current water advisory guidelines.
Tonic and phasic contributions to the pathways mediating compensation and adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex

Processes of vestibular compensation mediate recovery of many aspects of vestibular dysfunction following unilateral vestibular injury. The VOR in response to high-frequency, high-acceleration head movements, however, retains an enduring asymmetry. Head movements that are inhibitory with respect to semicircular canals on the intact side lead to a diminished VOR whereas head movements that are excitatory for semicircular canals on the intact side lead to a VOR that returns close to normal. We review our work directed toward understanding the processes of VOR compensation to high-frequency, high-acceleration head movements and the related topic of adaptation to changes in the visual requirements for a compensatory VOR. Our work has shown that the processes of both compensation and adaptation to these stimuli can be described by a mathematical model with inputs from tonic and phasic components. We have further shown that the dynamics of regular afferents have close resemblance to the tonic pathway whereas the dynamics of irregular afferents match those of the phasic pathway.
Reactions of Diatomic and Triatomic Metal Clusters of Iron and Copper with Dihydrogen in Inert Matrices

Diatomic copper was found to react successively with up to three dihydrogen molecules to form Cu2H2, Cu2H4 and Cu2H6, respectively, on an inert matrix surface at 12–15K. Diatomic iron was found to be totally unreactive. Triatomic copper was observed to react spontaneously with molecular hydrogen. Dihydrogen complexes were observed for Cu2H4, Cu2H6 and Cu3H2 species. A reaction of molecular hydrogen with Fex where x is 3 or 4 was also observed.
Terminal adaptive guidance via reinforcement meta-learning: Applications to autonomous asteroid close-proximity operations

Abstract Current practice for asteroid close proximity maneuvers requires extremely accurate characterization of the environmental dynamics and precise spacecraft positioning prior to the maneuver. This creates a delay of several months between the spacecraft's arrival and the ability to safely complete close proximity maneuvers. In this work we develop an adaptive integrated guidance, navigation, and control system that can complete these maneuvers in environments with unknown dynamics, with initial conditions spanning a large deployment region, and without a shape model of the asteroid. The system is implemented as a policy optimized using reinforcement meta-learning. The lander is equipped with an optical seeker that locks to either a terrain feature, reflected light from a targeting laser, or an active beacon, and the policy maps observations consisting of seeker angles and LIDAR range readings directly to engine thrust commands. The policy implements a recurrent network layer that allows the deployed policy to adapt real time to both environmental forces acting on the agent and internal disturbances such as actuator failure and center of mass variation. We validate the guidance system through simulated landing maneuvers in a six degrees-of-freedom simulator. The simulator randomizes the asteroid's characteristics such as solar radiation pressure, density, spin rate, and nutation angle, requiring the guidance and control system to adapt to the environment. We also demonstrate robustness to actuator failure, sensor bias, and changes in the lander's center of mass and inertia tensor. Finally, we suggest a concept of operations for asteroid close proximity maneuvers that is compatible with the guidance system.
Observation of self-sustaining relativistic ionization wave launched by a sheath field.

We present experimental evidence supported by simulations of a relativistic ionization wave launched into a surrounding gas by the sheath field of a plasma filament with high energy electrons. Such a filament is created by irradiating a clustering gas jet with a short pulse laser ($115\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fs}$) at a peak intensity of $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{17}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$. We observe an ionization wave propagating radially through the gas for about 2 ps at 0.2--0.5 $c$ after the laser has passed, doubling the initial radius of the filament. The gas is ionized by the sheath field, while the longevity of the wave is explained by a moving field structure that traps the high energy electrons near the boundary, maintaining a strong sheath field despite the significant expansion of the plasma.
Partially CD3+-Depleted Unrelated and Haploidentical Donor Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation Has Favorable Graft-versus-Host Disease and Survival Rates in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancy.

ABSTRACT Most children who may benefit from stem cell transplantation lack a matched related donor. Alternative donor transplantations with an unrelated donor (URD) or a partially matched related donor (PMRD) carry an increased risk of graft-versus-host-disease (GVHD) and mortality compared with matched related donor transplantations. We hypothesized that a strategy of partial CD3+/CD19+ depletion for URD or PMRD peripheral stem cell transplantation (PSCT) would attenuate the risks of GVHD and mortality. We enrolled 84 pediatric patients with hematologic malignancies at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the Children's Hospital of Wisconsin between April 2005 and February 2015. Two patients (2.4%) experienced primary graft failure. Relapse occurred in 23 patients (27.4%; cumulative incidence 26.3%), and 17 patients (20.2%) experienced nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Grade III-IV acute GVHD was observed in 18 patients (21.4%), and chronic GVHD was observed and graded as limited in 24 patients (35.3%) and extensive in 8 (11.7%). Three-year overall survival (OS) was 61.8% (95% confidence interval [CI], 50.2% to 71.4%) and event-free survival (EFS) was 52.0% (95% CI, 40.3% to 62.4%). Age ≥15 years was associated with decreased OS (P= .05) and EFS (P= .05). Relapse was more common in children in second complete remission (P = .03). Partially CD3+-depleted alternative donor PSCT NRM, OS, and EFS compare favorably with previously published studies of T cell-replete PSCT. Historically, T cell-replete PSCT has been associated with a higher incidence of extensive chronic GVHD compared with limited chronic GVHD, which may explain the comparatively low relapse and NRM rates in our study cohort despite similar overall rates of chronic GVHD. Partial T cell depletion may expand donor options for children with malignant transplantation indications lacking a matched related donor by mitigating, but not eliminating, chronic GVHD.
Mediterranean Diet: Outcomes from an Education Session Among Patients With Cancer and Nursing Staff.

Background Strong evidence supports the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, but little is reported among patients and nurses regarding knowledge about the diet and its health benefits. Objectives A pre-/post-test practice initiative was implemented to identify level of knowledge about the Mediterranean diet in patients with cancer and nursing staff and to provide education about the diet's health benefits. Methods A 17-item survey was developed to assess knowledge and willingness to try or recommend the Mediterranean diet, current practices, and general nutrition knowledge. A 10-minute education session was provided to patients and nursing staff. Descriptive statistics were used. Findings The majority of patients reported eating from one to four servings of fruits and vegetables daily. For patients and nursing staff, post-education session scores demonstrated increased knowledge, willingness to try the diet, and perceived effectiveness of the diet.
Adaptive responses to maternal nutrient restriction alter placental transport in ewes.

Abstract Introduction Maternal nutrient partitioning, uteroplacental blood flow, transporter activity, and fetoplacental metabolism mediate nutrient delivery to the fetus. Inadequate availability or delivery of nutrients results in intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal nutrient restriction can result in IUGR, but only in an unforeseeable subset of individuals. Methods To elucidate potential mechanisms regulating fetal nutrient availability, singleton sheep pregnancies were generated by embryo transfer. Pregnant ewes received either a 50% NRC (NR; n = 24) or 100% NRC (n = 7) diet from gestational Day 35 until necropsy on Day 125. Maternal weight did not correlate with fetal weight; therefore, the six heaviest (NR Non-IUGR) and five lightest (NR IUGR) fetuses from nutrient-restricted ewes, and seven 100% NRC fetuses, were compared to investigate differences in nutrient availability. Results Insulin, multiple amino acids, and their metabolites, were reduced in fetal circulation of NR IUGR compared to NR Non-IUGR and 100% NRC pregnancies. In contrast, glucose in fetal fluids was not different between groups. There was a nearly two-fold reduction in placentome volume and fetal/maternal interface length in NR IUGR compared to NR Non-IUGR and 100% NRC pregnancies. Changes in amino acid concentrations were associated with altered expression of cationic (SLC7A2, SLC7A6, and SLC7A7) and large neutral (SLC38A2) amino acid transporters in placentomes. Discussion Results establish a novel approach to study placental adaptation to maternal undernutrition in sheep and support the hypothesis that amino acids and polyamines are critical mediators of placental and fetal growth in sheep.
MATTERS OF TASTE: THE LUTHERAN MARKET FOR SACRED MUSIC IN THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Many studies have been devoted to the producers of Lutheran music in seventeenth-century Germany – composers, editors, publishers and printers. Little attention, however, has been paid to the tastes and preferences of the consumers of this music. This article represents the first study of this subject, and draws on music inventories and account books to examine the Lutheran market for sacred music during this period. It presents a number of key findings, all of which relate to purchasing patterns: that community members donated a considerable amount of music to Lutheran institutions; that music prices remained quite stable for decades; that Lutherans cultivated the older motet alongside the newer sacred concerto throughout much of the century; that Lutherans sought out music by Italians and northern Catholics as well as by Lutherans; and that after c. 1640, the composer Andreas Hammerschmidt dominated the Lutheran market for sacred music, outselling all of his contemporaries. For Frederick Gable and Jeffrey Kurtzman,longtime mentors, colleagues and friends
Joint estimation of NCPA and exoplanetary image in stationary atmospheric turbulence using millisecond telemetry from the WFS and science camera

In 2013, Frazin introduced a statistical inference algorithm that uses simultaneous millisecond exposures in the science camera (SC) and wavefront sensor (WFS) to jointly estimate this NCPA, as well as the exoplanetary image. Here, we provide an update on the advancement of the method, with a focus on the ability to compensate NCPA in real time, and an evaluation of the effect of readout noise on the contrast. Finally, we make conclusions about the practicality of implementing the algorithm on modern and future telescopes, discussing factors such as real time computational requirements and high fidelity model calibrations.
A Labor of Love: Reflections on a Research Career, with Love

In this reflection on my career researching creativity, I describe key turning points in my intellectual development, in the direction of my empirical and theoretical work, and in my growing understanding—along with the field’s understanding—of the complexities of creativity. I acknowledge the crucial roles played by many mentors, collaborators, colleagues, students, and family members, as well as the crucial roles played by my critics and “intellectual irritants” over the years. I highlight the importance of confident humility for researchers in any field, and express gratitude for the people and institutions that enabled me to engage in my labor of love all these years.
Annotating Student Engagement Across Grades 1–12: Associations with Demographics and Expressivity

Digital learning technologies that aim to measure and sustain student engagement typically use supervised machine learning approaches for engagement detection, which requires reliable “ground-truth” engagement annotations. The present study examined associations between student demographics (age [grade], gender, and ethnicity) and the reliability of engagement annotations based on visual behaviors. We collected videos of diverse students (N = 60) from grades 1–12 who engaged in one-hour online learning sessions with grade-appropriate content. Each student’s data was annotated by three trained coders for behavioral and emotional engagement. We found that inter-rater reliability (IRR) for behavioral engagement was higher for older students whereas IRRs for emotional engagement was higher for younger students. We also found that both rotational head movements and facial expressivity decreased with age, and critically, rotational head movements mediated the effects of grade on behavioral IRR; there was no mediation for emotional IRR. There were no effects of gender or ethnicity on IRR. We discuss the implications of our findings for annotating engagement in supervised learning models for diverse students and across grades.
Left versus right subcallosal cingulate deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant depression

Abstract Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subcallosal cingulate has emerged as a promising therapy for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). To date, all studies have employed bilateral stimulation; however, the physiology of affect and pathophysiology of depression are known to be asymmetric across hemispheres. Unilateral stimulation may provide efficacy while decreasing risk. Five patients were exposed to unilateral open-label DBS to the subcallosal cingulate for 12 weeks each to the left and then right hemispheres in a double-blind, crossover fashion. After 12 weeks of stimulation to each hemisphere, bilateral stimulation was initiated, and patients were followed for 12 additional weeks. Additionally, nine months of long-term follow up data were collected. Left, but not right, unilateral stimulation was associated with significant decrease in depression scores; with bilateral stimulation, all patients improved and one patient remitted. No serious adverse events were associated with surgery or acute or chronic stimulation. This small study suggests that unilateral DBS to the subcallosal cingulate may be an effective treatment for TRD. All patients improved with bilateral stimulation, though antidepressant effects following 12 weeks were modest. These findings contrast somewhat with prior open-label trials, though duration of bilateral stimulation was shorter in this trial. The current study continues to confirm safety of implantation and use of DBS to the subcallosal cingulate for patients with TRD and highlights the importance of personalization of therapy, for example by hemisphere, in future trials.
The energy-linked incorporation of diphosphopyridine nucleotide into rat liver mitochondria. Requirements for incorporation.

Abstract DPN+ is incorporated intact into isolated rat liver mitochondria by an energy-linked process. No difference in incorporation could be seen when DPN+ labeled in either the nicotinamide or the adenine portion of the molecule was used. Incorporation is not dependent on endogenous phosphate and proceeds equally well in a State 4 or a State 3 system. The uptake of DPN+ by mitochondria is also stimulated by oligomycin and can be supported by ATP in the presence of antimycin A. This latter reaction is inhibited by both oligomycin and 2,4-dinitrophenol.
Mass spectrometry of electrophore-labeled nucleosides. Pentafluorobenzyl and cinnamoyl derivatives.

Abstract Three structurally similar deoxynucleosides (thymidine, Oa4-ethylthymidine, and 2′-deoxyuridine) were studied by mass spectrometry as pentafluorobenzyl, cinnamyl, or mixed derivatives. The purpose of the work was to define the usefulness of such derivatives for structural elucidation of deoxynucleosides. The compounds were ionized in three ways: electron capture negative ion, positive ion chemical ionization, and electron impact. For each of the derivatives examined, the combined spectra were well suited for structural elucidation purposes.
Breaking the body of Christ: the sacraments of initiation in a habitat of white supremacy

Since the racially segregated space of the United States operates as a habitat of white supremacy, the vice of white supremacy pervades the church's corporate body and thereby permeates all of its practices, including those of baptism and the Eucharist. Rather than turning to the church's sacraments as an antidote to the vices of a presumed external culture, this paper chronicles the way in which these very practices have been corrupted by it. The church cannot reform itself from within. In order to enable these sacraments to build the body of Christ, the church must work to dismantle regnant patterns of white supremacist racial segregation in the world.
Rapid Method for Detection and Enumeration of Fecal Coliforms in Fresh Chicken

A rapid method for enumerating fecal coliforms in foods was developed employing an agar pour-plate medium. After 7 h of incubation at 41.5 +/- 0.05 C, this medium effectively allows the growth of fecal coliforms only. This rapid method was compared with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists multiple-tube dilution method for Escherichia coli, by using 21 samples of fresh, cut-up chicken and a surface rinsing procedure for sample preparation. Verification of picked colonies was carried out in EC broth using parallel incubation temperatures of 45.5 and 44.5 +/- 0.05 C. Verifications for these temperatures averaged 79 and 98%, respectively. All positively verified isolates were E. coli types I and II, as were the negatives. Geometric means for the verified 7-h plate count were within 12% of the standard means for both EC broth incubation temperatures.
Mothers, Daughters, and Political Socialization: Two Generations at an American Women’s College by Krista Jenkins

Mothers, Daughters, and Political Socialization: Two Generations at an American Women’s College by Krista Jenkins draws on a unique data set to explore the impact of mothers and generational effect...
In the brain, the model is the goal

Both computational and empirical studies use models of neural tissue to make inferences about the intact system. Their aims and scope are complementary, however, and their methods have different strengths and weaknesses. For example, much of our knowledge of synaptic integration comes from in vitro slices. These slices, which finish out their brief lives in man-made extracellular fluid, are crude models of the intact brain, with deeper resting potentials, lower background firing rates, higher input resistances, severed inputs, and so on. Test pulses delivered to a nerve or puffs of glutamate to a dendritic branch are crude models of synaptic stimulation in vivo. Recordings of one or two voltages within a spatially extended neuron provide a highly reduced model of the cell's electrical state. Similarly, long-term potentiation is a simplified model for learning, and high-contrast bars on a gray background are simplified models for visual stimulation. Yet many things have been learned from experiments on such simplified empirical models, the results of which—often called 'data'—underlie our current primitive understanding of brain function.
TISSUE-SPECIFIC REGULATION OF THE TYPE X COLLAGEN GENE : ANALYSES BY IN VIVO FOOTPRINTING AND TRANSFECTION WITH A PROXIMAL PROMOTER REGION

Abstract During endochondral bone formation, hypertrophic chondrocytes initiate synthesis of type X collagen. Previous studies have shown that regulation of this molecule is at the level of transcription. To further explore this regulation, we have studied a segment of the type X collagen gene extending from 562 base pairs (bp) upstream to 86 bp downstream of the transcriptional start site. We have studied this “proximal promoter region” by both structural analysis by DNase I in vivo footprinting and functional analysis by transient transfections. In type X collagen-expressing, hypertrophic chondrocytes, in vivo footprinting detected a fully protected TATA region flanked by hypersensitive sites but no other major protection. Type X collagen-negative cells (nonhypertrophic chondrocytes and tendon fibroblasts) showed major protection at a number of other sites, most notably an 8-bp region overlapping an AP2 site and a 9-bp region including the sequence CACACA. The importance of the proximal promoter region in restricting expression of type X collagen to hypertrophic chondrocytes was supported by transfection studies. A chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct containing this region directed 5-10-fold higher chloramphenicol acetyltransferase expression in hypertrophic chondrocytes than in the other cell types. A 2.6-kilobase upstream fragment produced no additional effect. Thus, the proximal promoter region contains at least some regulatory elements for the cell-specific expression of type X collagen.
Work-Family And Sports: When Even Millionaire Athletes Need Employer Help To Balance Work And Family

Three cases in which professional athletes required workplace accommodation to balance work and family are presented, including analysis of each case based on the current work-family literature.
A Guide to Rearing Perfect Software: A Desert Island Column

Near the end of my sabbatical year in Sydney Australia, I received e-mail from Bashar Nuseibeh, asking me to write a desert island column. This column asks what I would bring, or consider essential, if marooned on a deserted island. The book selection process turns out to be an intriguing search, sort, and knapsack problem. The search takes place in the domain of relevant books. Relevancy is a philosophical determination reflecting my personal history and my view of the future. Sorting uses relevancy to prioritize these books. The knapsack problem occurs with the notion of maximizing utility in the future within the editorial constraints. Ironically, I had gone through just this kind of activity when I packed for my sabbatical year. I was limited to what I could bring with me to Australia both by the ruinous cost of shipping and the airline travel allotment.
Outer Cell Envelope Glycoprotein from Two Strains of Serratia marcescens

Cell envelope glycoproteins were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate from isolated cell walls of two strains of Serratia marcescens and purified by gel filtration column chromatography on Sepharose 4B. There was no significant difference in the chemical composition. Both fractions contained approximately 50% proteins and 10% carbohydrates. Glucosamine and glucose were identified as the only sugar components in the carbohydrate moiety. Immunochemically they shared at least one common antigenic component with each other and possibly with their corresponding lipopolysaccharide fractions.
Element impedance variations in fractal arrays

Fractal arrays utilize irregular spacing of antenna elements. The nonuniformity of the array causes variations in element coupling when compared to a uniform array of comparable size. Non-uniform coupling has a great effect on the input impedance of the elements, which in turn, has a great effect on the individual element patterns. The paper presents the resultant element impedances associated with planar dipole fractal arrays.