cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transient nuclear localization of Fyn kinase during development in zebrafish.

Fyn protein tyrosine kinase is present in the unfertilized and fertilized egg, becomes activated within minutes following fertilization, and has been localized to the cortical cytoplasm and spindle apparatus of the zygote. In order to establish the expression pattern of Fyn in the early embryo, we examined the distribution pattern of Fyn by immunofluorescence microscopy. Fyn protein is distributed evenly among cells of the cleavage stage zebrafish embryo and is concentrated in the cortical region of each cell. During blastula and gastrula stages, Fyn was expressed in all cells, however a subpopulation of cells exhibited strong nuclear staining for Fyn. Nuclear Fyn staining was not observed after the gastrula period of development, nor in the adult zebrafish. Immunoprecipitation of Fyn from isolated mid-blastula nuclei confirmed Fyn was present in the nucleus. This is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of Fyn kinase, which lacks a nuclear localization signal, present in the nucleus. The transient compartmentalization of Fyn in the nucleus could be important in nuclear signaling.
Extraction of yttrium in the system YCl3HClH2O di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid

The distribution coefficient E was determined for the system YCl3HClH2OD2EHPA in Amsco Odorless Mineral Solvent in the range of final aqueous concentration of yttrium x = 0·0001–2·6 moles/l., final acidity H = 0·4–12 moles/l., and initial D2EHPA concentration C1 = 0·3–2 moles/l. and expressed as E  K′XmHnCIp. It was found that Peppard's simple ion exchange extraction reaction is followed exclusively only at low X and a limited range of H. A white precipitate of polymer YG3, where G  [C4H9CH(C2H5)CH2]PO4−, was observed in the organic phase at Y = 0·145 in the 1M solvent instead of 0·166 as anticipated. The variation of E with H+ concentration was quite surprising.
Expression analysis of an Arabidopsis C2H2 zinc finger protein gene.

C2H2 zinc finger protein genes encode nucleic acid-binding proteins involved in the regulation of gene activity. AtZFP1 (Arabidopsis thaliana zinc finger protein 1) is one member of a small family of C2H2 zinc finger-encoding sequences previously characterized from Arabidopsis. The genomic sequence corresponding to the AtZFP1 cDNA has been determined. Molecular analysis demonstrates that AtZFP1 is a unique, intronless gene which encodes a 1100 nucleotides mRNA highly expressed in roots and stems. A construct in which 2.5 kb of AtZFP1 upstream sequences is linked to the β-glucuronidase gene was introduced into Arabidopsis by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of roots. Histochemical analysis of transgenic Arabidopsis carrying the AtZFP1 promotor:β-glucuronidase fusion shows good correlation with RNA blot hybridization analysis. This transgenic line will be a useful tool for analyzing the regulation of AtZFP1 to further our understanding of its function.
Syk Regulates Multiple Signaling Pathways Leading to CX3CL1 Chemotaxis in Macrophages

Several studies have clearly established the importance of the interaction between macrophages and CX3CL1 in the progression of disease. A previous study demonstrated that Syk was required for CX3CL1-mediated actin polymerization and chemotaxis. Here, we delineated the signaling cascade of Syk-mediated cell migration in response to CX3CL1. Inhibition of Syk in bone marrow-derived macrophages or reduction of Syk expression using siRNA in RAW/LR5 cells indicated that Syk was required for the activation of PI3K, Cdc42, and Rac1. Also, reduction in WASP or WAVE2 levels, common downstream effectors of Cdc42 or Rac1, resulted in impaired cell migration to CX3CL1. Syk indirectly regulated WASP tyrosine phosphorylation through Cdc42 activation. Altogether, our data identify that Syk mediated chemotaxis toward CX3CL1 by regulating both Rac1/WAVE2 and Cdc42/WASP pathways, whereas Src family kinases were required for proper WASP tyrosine phosphorylation.
Cost‐benefit analysis: examples

Purpose – This paper seeks to point outs that, when managing strategically, a library administrator might want to use cost‐benefit analysis to prudently spend money and, consequently, would need to understand this methodology.Design/methodology/approach – The paper discusses the various types of cost‐benefit analysis and provides examples of their use.Findings – It is helpful for library managers to have a proper knowledge of cost‐benefit analysis.Practical implications – This provides one methodology that librarians should consider when contemplating what purchases to make.Originality/value – This article will help librarians better manage their libraries by making them aware of cost‐benefit analysis.
Can ECT prevent premature death and suicide in ‘schizoaffective’ patients? ☆

Abstract Mortality and suicide risks were higher in schizoaffective patients who had not received ECT compared to those having received ECT. The data are from a follow-up study of 74 schizoaffective patients admitted to University of Iowa Psychiatric Hospital between 1934 and 1944; these patients were traced in 1975. Even though the nature of schizoaffective disorder is still unknown, patients who present both schizophrenic and affective features, particularly with suicide risk, may benefit from ECT by lowering their mortality risk.
Electric-field-induced structure in polymer solutions near the critical point

In the vicinity of the coexistence curve, binary solutions exhibit large concentration fluctuations. Such fluctuations can be anisotropically distorted through the application of an electric field, which induces both electric birefringence and enhanced forward light scattering as the system approaches the coexistence curve. Using time-dependent SALS and form dichroism measurements on semidilute polystyrene/cycloherane systems (molecular weight range 400 000-1 800 000), two new phenomena have been observed: electric scattering dichroism in the one-phase region and electric-field-induced remixing in the two-phase region
A fast ARMA transversal RLS filter algorithm

A fast pole-zero (ARMA) transversal RLS (recursive least squares) algorithm is derived, using a geometric formulation and the concept of projection onto a vector subspace to derive a recursive solution. The algorithm estimates a parameter vector that contains both numerator and denominator coefficients of an unknown system transfer function, i.e. models an ARMA (pole-zero) process. The algorithm has a transversal filter structure, but is distinguished from previous multichannel transversal algorithms, wherein each input channel is constrained to have the same order; here the pole and zero orders can be independently and arbitrarily specified. The derivation of the algorithm uses permutation matrices similar to those in the ARMA fast Kalman algorithm, but achieves a significant reduction in computations when compared to that algorithm. It is shown that when the pole and zero orders of the ARMA process are correctly specified, the algorithm generates an extremely good estimate. Furthermore, if the poles and zeros are overspecified, it is shown that a spectral match is still achieved by mutual cancellation of superfluous poles and zeros. >
Toxicological testing of rats subjected to inhalation of diethylhydroxylamine, nitroethane, and diethylamine hydrogen sulfite

Abstract Long-Evans hooded rats were exposed by inhalation to 9–27 ppm diethylhydroxylamine and the vapor of diethylamine hydrogen sulfite. In one of three test chambers each containing 45–49 rats, the rats were also exposed to 9 ± 2 ppm of nitroethane. In the first 12 months of the experiment two males and two females from both the control chamber and the chamber containing all three gases were sacrificed at 3-month intervals. After the first year only moribund animals were sacrificed except at the very end of the study when all remaining animals were sacrificed. Although hematological and blood chemistry evaluations indicated no significant differences between the control and exposed animals, gross and microscopic pathologic findings showed some variations, especially in the first year. Very early one test animal developed a hemangioendothelioma, but no additional ones developed later. Also hydrometra of the uterus, a condition common in old virgin female rats, was found in four exposed and one control female. Chronic tracheitis was found in five exposed and two control animals. Thyroid lesions were seen in the exposed animals after 6 months exposure, but not in animals exposed 9 months or longer. Examinations for animals exposed more than 1 year indicated no significant differences between the control and test groups, except for interstitial cell tumors of the testes which showed up in 4 of the 47 exposed males that were examined compared to 0 in the 25 control males. However, this incidence (8.5%) is too small to establish any definite conclusion.
Liver phenylalanine hydroxylase assay.

The first reaction is catalyzed by phenylalanine hydroxylase and the second reaction, which generates the reduced form of pteridine cofactor (biopterin), is catalyzed by dihydropteridine reductase (l-3). A direct assay of phenylalanine hydroxylase can be achieved by supplying optimal concentrations of reduced pteridine cofactor or an analog of the reduced cofactor (6,7-dimethyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydropterine) maintained in its reduced state by the addition of NADH or NADPH (4). The assay avoids the need for an accessory NADPH enzyme-generating system and ensures that the only rate-determining component in the hydroxylating reaction is the concentration of phenylalanine hydroxylase. A typical assay for phenylalanine hydroxylase is given in Table 1. The control flasks contain all of the reagents except L-phenylalanine. Incubations are carried out at 37” in a 1Oml Erlenmeyer flask in a Dubnoff shaker, in air, and the reaction is started by
Structured Generative Models for Unsupervised Named-Entity Clustering

We describe a generative model for clustering named entities which also models named entity internal structure, clustering related words by role. The model is entirely unsupervised; it uses features from the named entity itself and its syntactic context, and coreference information from an unsupervised pronoun resolver. The model scores 86% on the MUC-7 named-entity dataset. To our knowledge, this is the best reported score for a fully unsupervised model, and the best score for a generative model.
SU‐E‐T‐373: Feasibility of Treatment Adaptation Using MLC Leaf Shifting Algorithm to Account for Neck Position Changes for Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Purpose: For patients with head and neck cancer, patient's neck position is difficult to reproduce during daily treatment due to neck deflection, despite of daily image guidance. We investigated the feasibility of a novel treatment adaptation method using an MLC leaf shifting algorithm to account for neck position variations. Methods: A patient with nasopharyngeal cancer, who received intensity modulated radiotherapy, was retrospectively selected. The prescription dose was 70 Gy to the gross tumor volume (GTV) and 56 Gy to the elective nodal region (CTV) in 35 fractions. A second planning CT was acquired after 22 fractions. A dual image registration was performed to determine the neck position relative to the skull. The contours of the GTV and the superior portion of the CTV were transferred from the initial planning CT to the second CT after rigidly aligning to the skull. The contours of the inferior part of the CTV were transferred after rigidly aligning to the vertebral body of the lower neck region. An MLC shifted plan was created by adjusting each IMRT segment to accommodate neck position changes using an in‐house program. D99s of the GTV and CTV from the MLC shifted plan were calculated and compared to those from the isocenter shifted plan aligned to the skull. Results: The shifts of the neck position relative to the skull were 5 mm, 8 mm, and 1 mm in the left, posterior, and superior directions, respectively. D99s of the GTV were identical at 67.6 Gy for both the MLC shifted and the isocenter shifted plans. D99 of the CTV was 53.1 Gy for the MLC shifted plan and 48.3 Gy for the isocenter shifted plan. Conclusions: Treatment adaptation using an MLC leaf shifting algorithm is feasible to account for neck deflection. This method will be tested for additional 20 patients.
Postlecture and postcourse student ratings of faculty in multi‐instructor courses

This study examined ratings of faculty by medical students in six large multi‐instructor courses, each of which directly involved four or more faculty in instruction. Throughout each of the courses, faculty were first rated immediately following their individual lectures by samples of randomly selected students. They were rated again at the end of the courses by nonoverlapping samples of randomly selected students. The immediate (postlecture) ratings and the end‐of‐course (postcourse) ratings produced very similar rank orderings of faculty within courses. The average postcourse ratings, however, were consistently almost one third of a point lower than their more immediate postlecture counterparts. Findings are contrasted with results from previous studies, and implications for gathering, reporting, interpreting, and using faculty ratings from multi‐instructor courses are discussed.
Psychologists' responses to the disclosure of personal therapy by a professional colleague

AbstractAim: The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the responses of psychologists to a hypothetical situation in which they learn that a professional colleague is seeking personal therapy. Method: Practising psychologists (n = 96) responded to vignettes in which a professional colleague disclosed personal therapy for a particular disorder (major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder), disclosed personal therapy with no disorder specified, or made no mention of personal therapy. Results: Results indicated that psychologists were willing to refer clients to professional colleagues with equal frequency and immediacy across all conditions. In other words, the fact that the colleague was in personal therapy, whether or not the colleague specified a particular disorder, did not influence the psychologists' intention to refer clients to the colleague in comparison to an identical colleague who made no mention of personal therapy. Discussion: Although a number of other factors also deserve consid...
Hormonal Termination of Larval Diapause in Dermacentor albipictus

The molting hormone, α-ecdysone, and an analog ▵7-5β-cholestene-2β,3β, 14α-triol-6-one when applied externally, terminates diapause in larvae of the winter tick, Dermacentor albpictus. This is the first reported hormonal termination of diapause in an arthropod other than an insect.
Technical or nontechnical salesmen

Abstract This paper examines the pros and cons of using technical and nontechnical sales representatives in the industrial market. The authors offer a solution to the question of whether the sales force should possess technical or nontechnical backgrounds. The answer is tied to both the level and the frequency of technical information exchange.
The structure of 5-p-N,N-dimethylaminophenyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,f]silepin

The structure of 5- p-N-N -dimethylaminophenyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo-[ b,f ]silepin has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected by counter methods. The compound crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 2 1 / c a  14.121(4), b  14.379(3), c  9.126(2) A and β = 99.57(2)°. The observed and calculated densities ( Z  4) are 1.19 and 1.20 g cm −3 , respectively. Anisotropic refinement of nonhydrogen atoms with hydrogen atoms at fixed calculated positions gave a conventional R -factor of 4.6% for 2023 reflections with F > 3σ( F 2 0 ). The central seven-membered ring of the tricyclic system exhibits a folded boat conformation; the dihedral angle between the benzo groups is 137.2°. The benzo groups are twisted approximately 21° relative to one another and skewed such that the two carbons bonded to silicon are 0.33 A closer to one another than the two benzo ring carbons one atom removed from the silicon. The nitrogen atom is displaced 0.04 A from the plane of the adjacent carbon atoms.
Genitourinary manifestations of Epstein-Barr virus infections.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is best known as the organism responsible for the syndrome of acute infectious mononucleosis. Transmission of EBV most commonly occurs through oral secretions. EBV has also been isolated from the female genital tract, where its role is poorly understood. This article reviews the available literature and data regarding EBV in the female genital tract and discusses areas of consensus and controversy. The primary manifestation of EBV seems to be vulvar ulcers, which are underrecognized. Diagnosis relies on appropriate serologic testing. Management includes local care and may require pain and corticosteroid medications. Although EBV is present elsewhere in the female genital tract, its pathogenic role in the cervix, uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries is poorly understood.
Male osteoporosis: Epidemiology and pathophysiology

In men, osteoporosis is a prevalent problem that is underrecognized and undertreated. Men 50 years and older have a 13% lifetime risk for fracture. Hip and vertebral fractures are associated with significant functional impairment and increased mortality in men. The morbidity and mortality following a fracture is also greater in men than it is in women. By improving our knowledge on the pathophysiology of osteoporosis in men, better management strategies for this condition may be developed. In recent years, there has been greater awareness of the biomechanic factors that contribute to bone strength, which may explain some of the differences in fracture incidence between men and women. There is also growing evidence to support the key role of estrogens in maintaining bone health in older men, similar to women. This review highlights our current understandings on the epidemiology and pathophysiology of male osteoporosis and its related fractures, with particular focus on the determinants of bone strength and the role of sex hormones on bone metabolism in men.
Age Trends in Political Thinking: Dissent, Voting, and the Distribution of Wealth

Summary Young people's ideas on dissent, voting, and the distribution of wealth were explored in two samples. Sample 1 consisted of 54 white, middle class boys, ages 8, 11, and 16, from a fairly conservative suburb of Chicago. Sample 2 was comprised of 61 white, middle class boys and girls, ages 6 to 16, from liberal neighborhoods of New York. For the most part, the age trends were similar in the two samples. The youngest children usually said that the people could not dissent because they would be punished, that voting is important to “get a president,” and that the rich should obey a rule that they give money to the poor because of the poor's urgent needs. Children in the middle age range often said that dissent is to be tolerated because it occurs, focused on voting as a competitive process, and strongly objected to redistributing the wealth because the rich had earned their money in fair competition. The oldest Ss frequently discussed dissent and voting in terms of democratic principles, and occasiona...
Light-Emitting Diodes as Sensors for Colorimetric Analyses

A new nondispersive colorimetric analyzer has been developed with the use of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as optical sensors coupled to an artificial neural network (ANN). In this application, various colored LEDs are used as optical detectors with tuned bandpasses. The device has been evaluated against conventional spectrometric methods in the determination of pH and heavy metals by the use of colorimetric procedures. The spectrometer benefits from a simple design, ease of application, inexpensive cost of construction, and long life.
Bitterness: reduction and inhibition

Abstract The market demand for new ‘diet’ food products with improved palatability has resulted in a number of studies in recent years on the inhibition and reduction of bitterness. This review provides an update on the newer developments in the field and recommends an approach to the design of a universal bitterness inhibitor.
Skills Building and Social Support Enhancement to Reduce HIV Risk among Women in Jail

Despite the scope of the HIV/AIDS epidemic among female offenders, little is known about the risk behaviors of these women and even less about ways in which to reduce HIV/AIDS among this population. This article describes the development of an eight-session group cognitive-behavioral and social support enhancement intervention that aims to reduce HIV risk among drug-using female offenders. The intervention is based on social-cognitive theory and informed by other skills-training approaches with demonstrated efficacy at reducing HIV risk. Both current and former offenders were involved in the development of this intervention. Help-seeking and social support skills are unique to this intervention, as is an eight-session booster conducted after release from jail to enhance transfer of skills to the community.
Weak interaction matrix elements with staggered fermions

Abstract We present a progress report on the calculation of weak interaction matrix element using staggered fermions. We are using several new techniques, including include Landau gauge operators and quark wall propagators. We give preliminary results for the kaon B parameter.
Investigation of the benefits of unsteady blowing actuation on a 2D wind turbine blade

This paper investigates the benefit of unsteady blowing actuation over a two-dimensional (2D) airfoil specially designed for wind turbine applications. The experiments were carried out in Syracuse University’s anechoic wind tunnel, both with and without large-scale unsteadiness in the free stream generated by a 2D cylinder upstream of the airfoil. By analyzing both surface pressure through wavelet analysis and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) velocity field measurements, we found a drastic change in the flow physics and the aerodynamic loading on the airfoil between steady and unsteady free-stream conditions. When there was no large-scale unsteadiness introduced in the flow, under open-loop flow control conditions with unsteady blowing, the leading-edge separation was delayed and the maximum lift coefficient was increased. For the cases where large-scale unsteadiness was introduced into the flow, the experiments showed that both open-loop and closed-loop control cases were capable of reducing load fluctua...
Quarks with unit charge: a search for anomalous hydrogen.

Quarks of charge + 1 and other anomalous hydrogen have been sought by using the 88-inch cyclotron at Berkeley as a high-energy mass spectrometer, with natural hydrogen and deuterium as the sources of ions. No quarks were observed, and limits were placed on their ratio to protons on the earth that vary from < 2 x 10–19for high masses (3 to 8.2 atomic mass units) to 10–13 for the lowest masses (< ⅓ atomic mass unit).
Children's Implicit Personality Theories as Predictors of Their Social Judgments

Social judgment and trait ascription have long been central issues in psychology. Two studies tested the hypothesis that children who believe that personality is a fixed quality (entity theorists) would make more rigid and long-term social judgments than those who believe that personality is malleable (incremental theorists). Fourth and fifth graders (mean age 10.2 years) viewed a slide show of a boy displaying negative behaviors (Study 1--being shy, clumsy, and nervous; Study 2--lying, cheating, and stealing) and then made a series of ratings. Half of the subjects saw a consistent (negative) ending, and half saw an inconsistent (more positive) ending. Even when they viewed positive counterevidence, entity theorists did not differ in their ratings of the focal traits, but incremental theorists did. Entity theorists in Study 2 also predicted significantly less change in the short term and the long term than did incremental theorists. Study 2 further revealed that, when the behaviors were more negative, entity theorists made more generalized and global negative trait evaluations of the target, showed less empathy, and recommended more punishment. Differences in the social judgment processes of entity and incremental theorists are discussed, and implications for issues (such as stereotyping) are explored.
Bacteriophage lambda DNA packaging: A mutant terminase that is independent of integration host factor

Lambda+ is able to grow in Escherichia coli cells lacking integration host factor (IHF), producing a burst of approximately 25% that produced in IHF+ cells. In vitro, however, we find that the lambda DNA packaging enzyme terminase is strongly dependent on IHF in both cos cleavage reactions and DNA packaging reactions. The cos59 mutation renders lambda dependent on IHF in vivo. The cos59 mutation is a deletion of 3 base pairs at the XmnI site in the cohesive end site (cos) of lambda. Variants of lambda cos59 that were able to grow in the absence of IHF were isolated and found to carry a mutation, called ms1, in the Nu1 gene, which codes for the small subunit of terminase. The Nu1ms1 mutation results in a change of the 40th amino acid of the Nu1 gene product from leucine to phenylalanine. The Nu1ms1 terminase was independent of IHF in packaging reactions in vitro. The results indicate that the mutation either renders terminase: (1) able to utilize some host protein other than IHF, or (2) totally independent of host factors.
Adhesion of composite to enamel and dentin surfaces irradiated by IR laser pulses of 0.5–35 μs duration

The characteristics of laser-treated tooth surfaces depend on the laser wavelength, pulse duration, spatial and temporal laser beam quality, incident fluence, surface roughness, and the presence of water during irradiation. Ablated surfaces are most commonly restored with adhesive dental materials and the characteristics of the ablated surfaces influence adhesion of restorative materials. Previous studies suggest that high bond strengths can be achieved using shorter laser pulses that minimize peripheral thermal damage. In this study, Er:YSGG, Er:YAG, and CO(2) lasers were used at irradiation intensities sufficient to simulate efficient clinical caries removal to uniformly irradiate bovine enamel and human dentin surfaces using a motion control system with a microprocessor-controlled water spray. The degree of spatial overlap of adjacent pulses was varied so as to investigate the influence of irradiation uniformity and surface roughness on the bond strength. Composite resin was bonded to the irradiated surfaces and shear bond tests were used to obtain bond strengths in MPa. The highest results were obtained using the Er:YAG pulses with pulse durations less than 35 mus without the necessity for postirradiation acid etching. Some of these groups were not significantly different from nonirradiated, acid-etch-only positive control groups.
Chronic sucrose intake augments antinociception induced by injections of mu but not kappa opioid receptor agonists into the periaqueductal gray matter in male and female rats.

Abstract Chronic intake of a palatable sucrose solution enhances the antinociceptive potency of systemically administered mu, and kappa opioid receptor agonists. To investigate whether the effects of sucrose on the actions of opioid drugs are mediated within the central nervous system (CNS), antinociception was examined following the administration of mu and kappa opioid receptor agonists into the periaqueductal gray area (PAG). Male and female Long–Evans rats consumed either water and ground chow, or water, chow and a 32% (w/v) sucrose solution. After adaptation to the dietary conditions, a guide cannula was stereotaxically implanted into the PAG. Injections of the mu agonist, morphine (0.0, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μg), into the PAG led to dose-related increases in antinociceptive responses on a tail flick test in both male and female rats. Rats which had consumed sucrose displayed significantly greater levels of antinociception than rats not given the sugar. Antinociceptive responses to morphine did not differ as a function of sex. Injections of the kappa agonist, spiradoline (0, 100, 300, 600 μg), into the PAG increased tail flick latencies in male and female rats. However, antinociceptive responses did not vary as a function of diet in rats injected with spiradoline. In both diet conditions, spiradoline led to greater levels of antinociception in female rats than in male rats. These results support the hypothesis that intake of palatable foods and fluids act within the CNS to moderate the behavioral actions of opioid drugs.
Angled interventricular septum on echocardiography: anatomic anomaly or technical artifact?

An acutely angled interventricular septum has been reported to constitute a distinct two-dimensional echocardiographic geometric pattern that may permit a false M-mode echocardiographic recording of asymmetric septal hypertrophy. In light of experience suggesting that the angle between the aortic root and interventricular septum varied with the intercostal space of the transducer, 45 subjects were prospectively studied by two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography. Parasternal long- and short-axis views were obtained from two to four intercostal spaces in each subject. Two-dimensional echographic cursor-generated M-mode echocardiograms were obtained from the long-axis views; interventricular septal and left ventricular posterior wall thickness was measured from both the two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiograms. On two-dimensional echocardiography, the angle between the aortic root and septum became more acute as a progressively lower intercostal space was used (p On M-mode echocardiography, 21 subjects (47%) demonstrated asymmetric septal hypertrophy (septal/posterior wall thickness ratio > 1.3) from at least one intercostal space, but this was confirmed by the two-dimensional technique in only 4 subjects (9%). Thus, a two-dimensional echocardiographic recording of an angled interventricular septum can be produced by positioning the transducer in a low intercostal space, and caution must be used in the interpretation of asymmetric septal hypertrophy on M-mode echocardiograms. Two-dimensional echocardiography is a useful means of identifying subjects with apparent asymmetric septal hypertrophy that often may be the result of a technical artifact.
Shedding some light on store atmospherics: influence of illumination on consumer behavior

Abstract The influence of display lighting, a component of store atmospherics, on consumer approach–avoidance behavior was studied. Supplemental lighting was temporarily installed and manipulated on merchandise displays in two retail stores to test for effects on consumer behaviors of Time at Display, Number of Items Touched and Number of Items Picked Up. Video cameras recorded the consumers' actions. Subjects consisted of an accidental sample of consumers in the stores who passed within the measurement zones of the cameras. A total of 2367 subjects were recorded; behaviors and demographics were coded by two raters. Data were analyzed using correlations, Analysis of Variance, and Bonferroni paired comparisons. Supplemental lighting treatments had a positive effect on consumer behavior, as qualified by display. Interactions between lighting and display were found to be statistically significant. Findings could be useful to retailers in developing in-store lighting as part of a store's atmospherics to aid in attracting and retaining consumer patronage.
Evaluation of model back trajectories of the Kuwait oil fires smoke plume using digital satellite data

Abstract This study evaluates the accuracy of the National Weather Service Medium Range Forecast (MRF) global model outputs in simulating the transport and dispersion of the Kuwait oil fire smoke plume. A technique was developed to analyze NOAA polar orbiting satellite imagery to obtain horizontal smoke plume positions. The plume heights were obtained by combining the satellite analysis with back trajectory results. Backward trajectories were computed using both coarse and fine resolution MRF wind fields. The average of the absolute value of relative trajectory error ([R.T.E.]) for the late summer period (24 July–15 September 1991) was about 10° o of the travel distance when using the fine grid trajectories with the optimum plume centroid height and 14° o when using the coarse grid model output. The absolute R.T.E. for the optimum plume height runs was half of the R.T.E. for the constant starting height run ([R.T.E.] = 0.21). This difference indicates the importance of proper specification of plume centroid height when using high resolution meteorological data for transport studies. Use of the standard coarse grid MRF wind fields to drive the transport model was shown to lead to large errors near the source due to the poor horizontal and vertical resolution.
Concurrent Design of Scientific Crewed Space Habitats and Their Supporting Logistics System

This paper develops a problem formulation that can be applied to the integrated space-station system design. The integrated space-station optimization formulation combines both a space habitat and its supporting logistics design into one single optimization problem. In this way, a space-based habitat and its logistics resupply system can be designed concurrently, and effective trades can be conducted between them. Numerical results show the benefits of the proposed problem formulation, comparing it with conventional design strategies. Data from the 2012 International Space Station reference configuration are used to develop four cases, each emphasizing a different mix of scientific experiments in orbit.
The impact of peptic ulcer disease and infection with Helicobacter pylori on life expectancy.

The Impact of Peptic Ulcer Disease and Infection With Helicobacter pylori on Life Expectancy
Studies on the Chemical Nature of the Substance Inducing Transformation of Pneumococcal Types: II. Effect of Desoxyribonuclease on the Biological Activity of the Transforming Substance

It has been shown that extremely minute amounts of purified preparations of desoxyribonuclease are capable of bringing about the complete and irreversible inactivation of the transforming substance of Pneumococcus Type III. The significance of the effect of the enzyme, and its bearing on the chemical nature of the transforming substance, together with certain considerations concerning the biological specificity of desoxyribonucleic acids in general, are discussed.
Mobile commerce: issues and obstacles

Mobile Commerce (M-Commerce) is any direct or indirect transaction conducted and facilitated through a wireless telecommunication network. M-commerce technologies have the potential to improve consumers' lives, spawn new businesses and make existing businesses more profitable. The flexibility and convenience of new wireless technologies make anywhere, anytime Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce) and 'always on' internet a reality. Most companies and stakeholders have not completely grasped the complexities, challenges, opportunities and ramifications of m-commerce. Issues and obstacles abound in this new frontier for business, consumers and regulators; moreover, these issues and obstacles warrant the attention of both researchers and practitioners, if m-commerce is to reach its potential. We reviewed the literature to identify major issues and obstacles in m-commerce. We present them in a framework to assist practitioners in understanding the challenges they face with m-commerce and to identify research opportunities.
Bacterial Spores Survive Electrospray Charging and Desolvation

The survivability of Bacillus subtilis spores and vegetative Escherichia coli cells after electrospray from aqueous suspension was tested using mobility experiments at atmospheric pressure. E. coli did not survive electrospray charging and desolvation, but B. subtilis did. Experimental conditions ensured that any surviving bacteria were de-agglomerated, desolvated, and electrically charged. Based on mobility measurements, B. subtilis spores survived even with 2,000–20,000 positive charges. B. subtilis was also found to survive introduction into vacuum after either positive or negative electrospray. Attempts to measure the charge distribution of viable B. subtilis spores using electrostatic deflection in vacuum were inconclusive; however, viable spores with low charge states (less than 42 positive or less than 26 negative charges) were observed.
Voice biometric watermarking of 3D models

Digital watermarking provides a solution to piracy and copyright protection of 3D multimedia content by embedding a hidden piece of information in the original content. This hidden piece of information travels with the 3D multimedia in the distribution chain and assists in verifying legitimate ownership and tracing piracy. This paper proposes a voice-based biometric watermark for 3D graphics for the purpose of owner identification, traitor tracing and access control schemes. A voice print is generated using a Gaussian mixture model representation of Mel-frequency cepstral coding coefficients of an individual's speech. This voice print is inserted as the watermark. The proposed technique generates a semi-fragile watermark, which is tolerant to a designated class of transformations. Experimental results indicate that the biometric watermark is resistant to cropping, low levels of Gaussian noise addition, and is intolerant to mesh smoothing attacks.
Chemical restraint for the agitated patient in the emergency department: lorazepam versus droperidol

Patients presenting to the emergency department with acute agitation frequently require physical and chemical restraint. To determine the efficacy of lorazepam vs. droperidol, we conducted a prospective, randomized study of violently agitated patients requiring chemical restraint. Patients were randomized to receive either lorazepam or droperidol i.v. A six-point sedation scale was used. Sedation scores were recorded at time 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min. Vital signs were compared at time 0 and at 60 min. Repeat dosages of each drug could be given at 30 min. Toxicology screen, ethanol and creatinine phosphokinase levels were obtained. A total of 202 patients were evaluated. One hundred patients received lorazepam and 102 patients received droperidol. Agitation was attributed to methamphetamine toxicity in 146 patients (72%), cocaine toxicity in 28 (14%), psychiatric illness in 20 (10%), and ethanol withdrawal in 8 (4%). Ethanol intoxication was present in 98 patients (49%). Both drugs had similar sedation profiles at 5 min. Patients receiving droperidol had significantly lower sedation scores at times 10, 15, 30, and 60 than lorazepam. More repeat doses of lorazepam were given (40) than droperidol (8) at 30 min. We conclude that droperidol produces a more rapid and better sedation than lorazepam at the doses used in this study in agitated patients requiring chemical restraint. Lorazepam is more likely to require repeat dosing than droperidol. Methamphetamine toxicity was present in the majority of patients in this study.
Using mindful movement in cooperative learning while learning about angles

Unlike studies on cooperative learning that have focused on the verbal communication aspect of learning, this study focuses on the non-verbal aspect—mindful movement, which is the use of body movement to aid academic learning. Our research examined the link between five learning activities occurring within a cooperative group of children using mindful movement and improvement of their academic achievements in the study of angles in geometry class. The learning activities were: (a) physical contact with the studied environment; (b) using visual and kinesthetic modeling; (c) socio-kinesthetic interaction; (d) sustaining the movement-aided learning activity; (e) non-learning behaviors. 261 learners from eight-second and third grade classes in six different schools participated in the research. The experimental group included 158 learners from five classes. The control group included 103 learners from three classes. It was found that, compared to the conventionally taught control group, the experimental group using mindful movement in cooperative learning reached significantly better results in studying angles. Additionally, a significantly positive correlation was found between each of the five variants of learning activities and improvement in academic achievement.
Endophenotypes in bipolar disorder

The search for genes in bipolar disorder has provided numerous genetic loci that have been linked to susceptibility to developing the disorder. However, because of the genetic heterogeneity inherent in bipolar disorder, additional strategies may need to be employed to fully dissect the genetic underpinnings. One such strategy involves reducing complex behaviors into their component parts (endophenotypes). Abnormal neurophysiological, biochemical, endocrinological, neuroanatomical, cognitive, and neuropsychological findings are characteristics that often accompany psychiatric illness. It is possible that some of these may eventually be useful in subdefining complex genetic disorders, allowing for improvements in diagnostic assessment, genetic linkage studies, and development of animal models. Findings in patients with bipolar disorder that may eventually be useful as endophenotypes include abnormal regulation of circadian rhythms (the sleep/wake cycle, hormonal rhythms, etc.), response to sleep deprivation, P300 event-related potentials, behavioral responses to psychostimulants and other medications, response to cholinergics, increase in white matter hyperintensities (WHIs), and biochemical observations in peripheral mononuclear cells. Targeting circadian rhythm abnormalities may be a particularly useful strategy because circadian cycles appear to be an inherent evolutionarily conserved function in all organisms and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. Furthermore, lithium has been shown to regulate circadian cycles in diverse species, including humans, possibly through inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3-beta (GSK-3beta), a known target of lithium.
Autism and Transitioning Youth: A Pilot Study of Sensory Processing and Family Quality of Life

This pilot study explored sensory processing in 10 transition-aged youth substantially impacted by autism and investigated the influence of sensory processing difficulties on family quality of life. These were explored through interviews with family members and through the completion of the Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile. Results revealed difficulties in sensory processing, with trends noted in the types of problems seen in these young adults. Sensory processing influenced family quality of life, with families modifying activities to accommodate their young adult’s sensory needs. Implications of these results for occupational therapy are discussed, both for practice with youth served under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act and for practice with young adults following transition.
Plasticity model for concrete using the bounding surface concept

A rate-independent, plasticity-type bounding surface model is proposed for the multi-axial monotonic and cyclic behavior of concrete. The model adopts a bounding surface concept, in which the Ottosen model is modified to include the cyclic effect. In this model, the introduced bounding surface is a function of the maximum compressive strain experienced by the material, termed ϵmax. As anticipated, the bounding surface in stress space shrinks in size as ϵmax increases. The strain increment dϵij is decomposed into its deviatoric and volumetric components. The later strain components are calculated by using the plastic modulus which is a function of ϵmax and of the distance from the present stress point to the bounding surface along the deviatoric stress direction Sij. The dependence of the plastic modulus on the distance defined above, and the functional form of the bounding surface, allows realistic modeling of the complex behavior of concrete. The model successfully captures the essential features of concrete behavior such as the nonlinearity, stiffness degradation, shear compaction-dilatancy, and the different behavior of concrete in tension and compression.
Room temperature creep and failure of borsic filaments

Abstract Creep and time-dependent failure of Borsic (silicon carbide coated boron) filaments have been investigated at 25°C. Tests were carried out using individual filaments and specimens which consisted of a row of parallel filaments. The filaments displayed anelastic behaviour as the creep strain recovered with time upon removal of the load. The amount of creep was small in relation to the strain obtained on loading. The creep failure strain of parallel filament specimens was mainly dependent on the applied stress, being lower than that for specimens which failed in tensile tests. The slopes of the strain-log time curves, and the amounts of creep strain of parallel filament specimens tested at a given stress, did not correlate with the times to failure. There was, however, a relationship between the failure time and the homologous stress.
Routes to Chaotic Output from a Single-Mode, dc-Excited Laser

Instabilities in a single-mode, Fabry-Perot, predominantly inhomogeneously broadened xenon laser show progressions through increasingly complicated periodic behavior, ultimately reaching a deterministic chaotic behavior. Period doubling, two-frequency, and intermittency routes to chaos have been observed.
Health care seeking behaviors related to sexually transmitted diseases among adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: This study identified social, cognitive, and behavioral factors associated with how adolescents seek health care for sexually transmitted diseases. METHODS: Data for male and female adolescents (n = 208) attending a clinic specializing in sexually transmitted diseases were examined. RESULTS: Symptomatic female adolescents required greater time to obtain care than asymptomatic female adolescents or symptomatic male adolescents. Factors affecting duration of care seeking interval included perception of barriers to care, lower self-efficacy for response to a sexually transmitted disease, greater perceived seriousness of sexually transmitted diseases, previous history of sexually transmitted diseases, and stigma. CONCLUSIONS: Improved secondary sexually transmitted disease prevention efforts among adolescents require reductions in barriers to care and improved symptom recognition by adolescents.
Enhanced multilayer organic packages with embedded phased-array antennas for 60-GHz wireless communications

A low-cost, fully-integrated antenna-in-package (AiP) solution for 60-GHz phased-array systems is demonstrated. Sixteen patch antennas are integrated into a multilayer organic (MLO) ball grid array (BGA) together with a flip-chip attached transmitter or receiver IC. Compared to the previous 60-GHz package design, the enhanced 24 mm × 24 mm package not only reduces the footprint area by 27%, but it also eliminates the open IC cavity which improves the package yield and assembly significantly. Printed circuit board processes are used in manufacturing with a combination of liquid-crystal polymer and glass-reinforced laminates, allowing excellent 60-GHz interconnect and antenna performance. The average simulated return loss and gain of each antenna from 58 to 64 GHz are ~10 dB and ~6 dBi, respectively. The effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) is measured as a function of the 16 functional antennas, demonstrating spatial power combining up to 34 dBm.