cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Battering in a Population of Adolescent Females

The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of battering in a population of adolescent females, to gain information regarding the impact of battering on their health, and to test a portion of the Campbell and Humphreys (1984) framework, which states that our patriarchal society and the resulting machismo attitudes toward women are the cause of battering. If the framework is correct, partners who batter would possess characteristics indicative of machismo. The sample for this descriptive study consisted of a convenience sample of 59 females from a shelter for displaced teens. The subjects provided information on themselves and 92 male partners via interviews. Of 59 subjects, 69% had been battered before the age of 18 and 41.5% had been battered during pregnancy. Health care problems were frequent in all the subjects, especially depression and suicidal ideation. The nonbattered and battered subjects as well as their partners were compared with respect to several demographic variables. There was a statistically significant higher rate of reported qualities of machismo among batterers when compared with nonbatterers. Recommendations include suggestions for further research.
A diffusion model analysis of the effects of aging on brightness discrimination

The effects of aging on decision time were examined in a brightness discrimination experiment with young and older subjects (ages, 60–75 years). Results showed that older subjects were slightly slower than young subjects but just as accurate. Ratcliff’s (1978) diffusion model was fit to the data, and it provided a good account of response times, their distributions, and response accuracy. There was a 50-msec slowing of the nondecision components of response time for older subjects relative to young subjects, but response criteria settings and rates of accumulation of evidence from stimuli were roughly equal for the two groups. These results are contrasted with those obtained from letter discrimination and signal-detection-like tasks.
The Artin Symbol, Reciprocity Law, and Class Field Theory

Let K/k be an abelian extension, and let p be a prime of k which is unramified in K. We had seen in Chapter I, §5 that there exists a unique element σ of the Galois group (G, lying in the decomposition group GP (for any P|p, they all coincide in the abelian case) having the effect $$\sigma \alpha \equiv \alpha ^{\text{Np}} (\bmod \,\,\,\text{P}),\quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \quad \alpha \in o_k .$$
The Tecumseh Blood Pressure Study: Normative Data on Blood Pressure Self-determination

• In Tecumseh, Mich, we obtained blood pressure (BP) selfdetermination data in 608 healthy adults (327 men, 281 women; average age, 32.6 ± 3.5 years) representing a wide range of educational backgrounds. The average (±SD) home BP (average 12.7 readings over 1 week) was 120.7/74.8±10.4/8.6 mm Hg for men and 110.9/69.9±10.1/7.7 for women. One hundred thirty-three subjects remeasured their home BP 1 year later and a strong correlation between the two readings was obtained (r=.70). Large-scale BP self-determination is feasible. Based on the BP distribution in Tecumseh, the upper limit of normalcy for home BP (2 SDs above the mean) is 142/92 mm Hg for men and 131/85 mm Hg for women. ( Arch Intern Med . 1990;150:1209-1213)
The effect of host size on the sex ratio of Syngaster lepidus, a parasitoid of Eucalyptus longhorned borers (Phoracantha spp.)

The solitary larval ectoparasitoid, Syngaster lepidus Brullparasitizes the cryptic larvae of two wood-boring beetles, Phora- cantha recurva Newman and Phoracantha semipunctata F. The objective of this study was to determine how the female parasitoids allocated the sex of progeny when presented with larval hosts of uniform size classes. Host size was directly correlated with age of the Phoracantha larval hosts. Groups of Phoracantha larvae of a single age class (2-, 3-, 4-, or 5-week-old) were exposed to par- asitoids, and sex ratios of the resulting parasitoid progeny from each host age class were determined. A significant relationship was observed among the sizes of P. recurva and P. semipunctata hosts and the sex ratio of emerging parasitoids. Parasitized 2-week-old beetle larvae of both Phoracantha spp. produced only male S. lepidus progeny, whereas older larval hosts produced increasing proportions of female parasitoids (up to � 80% females from 5-week-old hosts). Two-week-old Phoracantha larvae of both species produced fewer parasitoids than host larvae 3-5-week-old. The size of parasitoid progeny consistently increased with host larval age (size), and female parasitoids were larger than males across all host size classes. Male S. lepidus developed in approximately 25 days from 2-week-old hosts, and 19-21 days in 3-5-week-old hosts. Female S. lepidus developed in 22-25 days, with developmental time increasing with host size. 2002 Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.
Economics, health and development: some ethical dilemmas facing the World Bank and the international community

The World Bank is committed to "work[ing] with countries to improve the health, nutrition and population outcomes of the world's poor, and to protect[ing] the population from the impoverishing effects of illness, malnutrition and high fertility".1 Ethical issues arise in the interpretation of these objectives and in helping countries formulate strategies and policies. It is these ethical issues—which are often not acknowledged by commentators—that are the subject of this paper. It asks why there should be a focus on the poor, and explores the link between improving the health of the poor, and reducing health inequalities between the poor and better-off. It discusses difficult ethical issues at both the global level (including debt relief and the link between country ownership and donor commitment) and the country level (including user fees and whether providing assistance to the non-poor may in the long run be a way of helping the poor). Key Words: World Bank • poverty • health • population • health economics • global ethics
Stability analysis of multiple rigid robot manipulators holding a common rigid object

The authors consider several possible control structures for multiple-arm systems by regarding either joint torques, tip force, or a generalized acceleration of the control input. They emphasize the first case, since a class of relatively model-independent control laws can be generated for both motion and internal force control. The recently developed move/squeeze orthogonal subspace decomposition coupled with the energy Lyapunov function formulation provides a basic analytical framework within which motion and force control are considered as independent problems. Simulation results of two three-link planar arms are included to demonstrate good transient performance for both motion and force that can be attained with the full dynamics control paradigm. >
Modeling framework for estimating emissions in large urban areas

A modeling framework has been developed to produce detailed emission inventories for large urban areas. Relationships were developed between the time spent in each driving mode (cruise, acceleration, deceleration, and idle) and basic link characteristics based on simulations of selected real-world surface street networks and freeway sections using the TRAF-NETSIM and INTRAS microscopic models, supplemented by field data. These relationships were then incorporated into a specially written computer program as a postprocessor to the Urban Transportation Planning System type of four-step travel demand models. The integrated model was successfully applied to the 1,120-zone Metropolitan Transportation Commission San Francisco Bay Area network to generate vehicle activity estimates.
Making Decisions About Safety in US Ports and Waterways

The US Coast Guard (USCG) is charged with maintaining an acceptable level of safety in US ports and waterways. Allocating resources to solve safety problems is difficult because multiple attributes of a port or waterway affect its safety and determine whether a particular safety measure will improve it. We based the ports and waterways safety assessment (PAWSA) model on multiattribute decision analysis techniques and local experts' and stakeholders' assessments of safety levels and the effects safety alternatives would have on these levels. The USCG used the PAWSA model to justify funding for four new vessel traffic service centers and to determine new technology requirements for all commercial vessels using US waters. The USCG has adopted it as a permanent part of its safety management tool kit.
Expression of Extracellular Matrix Proteins Accompanies Lesion Growth in a Model of Intimal Reinjury

Abstract—Reinjury of rat arterial lesions induces an increase in lesion size that is not associated with an increase in cell number. In this study, matrix volume was examined after reinjury to preexisting lesions, and the kinetics of matrix gene expression and activity of proteolytic enzymes in the lesion were evaluated. Volume densitometry in intima showed a significant increase in matrix volume 28 days after the reinjury, although no change was observed at 14 days. Three common vascular matrix molecules, α1(I)procollagen, tropoelastin, and fibronectin, were expressed highly at 7 days after the reinjury. Expression of tropoelastin remained upregulated for the entire 28 days after the reinjury, whereas α1(I)procollagen and fibronectin returned to the control level by 28 days. Protease activity was also increased after reinjury. Within days, a marked increase in urokinase plasminogen activator activity was observed in intima, and this activity decreased to control level by 14 days. The activity of tissue p...
Impact of Potential Large-Scale Irrigation on the West African Monsoon and Its Dependence on Location of Irrigated Area

This study investigates the impact of potential large-scale irrigation on the West African monsoon using the Massachusetts Institute of Technology regional climate model (MRCM). A new irrigation module is implemented to assess the impact of location and scheduling of irrigation on rainfall distribution over West Africa. A control simulation (without irrigation) and eight sensitivity experiments (with irrigation) are performedand compared to discern the effects of irrigation locationand scheduling. It is found that the irrigation effect on soil moisture could force significant changes in spatial distribution and magnitude of rainfall, depending on the latitudinal location of irrigation. In general, the large irrigation-induced surface cooling owing to anomalously wet soil tends to suppress moist convection and rainfall, which in turn induces local subsidence and low-level anticyclonic circulation. These local effects are dominated by a consistent reduction of local rainfall over the irrigated land, irrespective of its location. However, the remote response of rainfall distribution to irrigation exhibits a significant sensitivity to the latitudinal position of irrigation and the intraseasonal variation of supplied irrigation water. The low-level northeasterly airflow associated with an anticyclonic circulation centered over the irrigation area, induced at optimal location and timing, would enhance the extent of low-level convergence areas through interaction with the prevailing monsoon flow, leading to a significant increase in rainfall. As the location of the irrigation area is moved from the coast northward, the regional rainfall change exhibits a significant decrease first, then increases gradually to a maximum corresponding to irrigation centered around 208N, before it declines again.
Flux Quantization in Rings, Cylinders and Arrays

In 1959 Aharonov and Bohm1 proposed a two-slit diffraction experiment which implied that it was the vector potential, A, not the magnetic field, B, which was of fundamental importance in quantum mechanics. Their experiment showed that the interference pattern caused by an electron diffracting from the two slits depended upon the amount of magnetic flux enclosed by the two possible paths but not upon the strength of the magnetic field in the region of the electron.
Student Success in Community Colleges: A Practical Guide to Developmental Education: By Deborah J. Boroch, Laura Hope, Bruce M. Smith, Robert S. Gabriner, Pamela M. Mery, Robert M. Johnstone, and Rose Asera San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2010 260 pages, $40.00 (softcover) ISBN 978-0-470-45555-5

As a community college instructor, I realize and understand our open-door admission policy because it is so fundamentally interconnected with our mission of educational access for all. Even though ...
THE LOST WORLDS OF GERMAN ORIENTALISM

The opening lines of Franz Delitzsch's Babel und Bibel (1902, 195) offer an unusually frank confession of the personal and psychological motives that animated German orientalism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. For Delitzsch and countless others like him, orientalist scholarship provided an opportunity not just to expand their knowledge of the Near East and India, but also to explore the world of the Bible and, in doing so, effect a reckoning with the religious beliefs of their childhoods. In German Orientalism in the Age of Empire, Suzanne Marchand opens up this scholarly world, exploring the criss-crossing forces and interests that shaped it, while effecting her own reckoning with orientalism as a historical and historiographical phenomenon.
Chromatin Scanning by Dynamic Binding of Pioneer Factors

Pioneer factors such as FoxA target nucleosomal DNA and initiate cooperative interactions at silent genes during development, cellular reprogramming, and steroid hormone induction. Biophysical studies previously showed that the nuclear mobility of FoxA1 is slower than for many other transcription factors, whereas a new single molecule study (Swinstead et al., 2016, Cell) shows comparable chromatin residence times for FoxA1 and steroid receptors. Despite that steroid receptors engage nucleosome-remodeling complexes, the vast majority of co-bound sites with FoxA are dependent upon FoxA, not vice versa. Taken together, the distinguishing feature of pioneer factors remains nucleosomal access rather than an exceptional residence time in chromatin.
Organizational culture of Mississippi hospitals as perceived by laboratory professionals.

From 2006 through 2008, patient safety events cost the Medicare program $8.9 billion and were associated with 99,180 hospital deaths.1 Of the $2.5 trillion spent on healthcare in 2009, 2.3% or $57.5 million was spent on laboratory costs.2 Reduction of laboratory-associated errors to 3.4 errors per 1 million tests could save money and lives.3 The organizational culture of a facility has an impact on quality improvement implementation.4 Clinical laboratories in Mississippi were surveyed to determine the predominant culture type as perceived by the medical laboratory professionals. Of the 1200 surveys mailed to 90 facilities, 272 were returned complete. It was determined that although the individual participant return rate was 28.6%, 49 of the 90 hospitals or 54.4% of the Mississippi facilities were represented through one or more individual participant responses. The culture scores revealed the following distribution for the individual respondents: group/clan culture scores were predominant for 106 (39.0%), hierarchical culture scores for 94 (34.6%), rational/market culture scores for 36 (13.2%), and developmental/adhocratic culture scores for 24 (8.8%) of the individual respondents. The remaining 12 (4.4%) individuals reported blended or codominant culture scores with 50% claiming a group/clan and hierarchical split. The consolidation of the data to represent the 49 healthcare institutions revealed a different distribution, with 24 (49%) as hierarchical culture, 22 (44.9%) as group/clan culture, and 3 (6.1%) as rational/market culture. Mississippi hospital data parallels previous findings with either hierarchical or group being the predominant organizational culture. ABBREVIATIONS:MLS - Medical Laboratory Scientist, MLT - Medical Laboratory Technicians
Further Experience With the Inflatable Penile Prosthesis

AbstractSince 1974, 93 men with erectile impotence have been treated with surgical implantation of an inflatable penile prosthesis. Followup has been 6 months to 4 years. Long-term functional success was achieved in 87 patients (93 per cent). Complications requiring 31 secondary operations occurred in 27 patients (29 per cent).
Hemodynamic Monitoring With the Pulmonary Artery Catheter

Optimal usage of the pulmonary artery catheter demands careful data gathering and integration of the information it provides. This article examines the physiologic basis that underpins the measurement and interpretation of pulmonary vascular pressure, cardiac output, and mixed-venous oxygen saturation data.
Fatty acid inhibition of angiotensin II-stimulated inositol phosphates in smooth muscle cells

Inositol phosphate (InsP) responses to angiotensin II (ANG II) stimulation were measured in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) incubated with and without fatty acids (FA). VSMC were washed after 24 h of FA incubation to achieve cellular incorporation of FA yet eliminate ambient FA. Incubation with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-supplemented medium resulted in concentration-dependent incorporation of EPA and depletion of arachidonic acid in VSMC membranes. Incubation with EPA, but not other FA, resulted in inhibition of ANG II-stimulated InsP formation (29% inhibition with 100 microM EPA). In contrast, InsP formation in response to guanine nucleotide-binding protein stimulation was not affected by EPA. ANG II receptor binding to membranes prepared from EPA-loaded VSMC was 18% lower than binding in membranes from sham-loaded cells. In other studies, VSMC were exposed acutely to FA to avoid cellular incorporation. Exposure to all FA resulted in concentration-dependent reductions in ANG II binding and ANG II-stimulated InsP formation; binding affinity was reduced without changes in receptor density. We conclude that ANG II-stimulated InsP formation is modestly and selectively inhibited by EPA incorporation and more profoundly inhibited by acute exposure to many FA via interference with ANG II receptor binding.
SU-F-T-106: A Dosimetric Study of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy to Decrease Radiation Dose to the Thoracic Vertebral Bodies in Patients Receiving Concurrent Chemoradiation for Lung Cancer

Purpose: Recent clinical studies have shown a correlation between radiation dose to the thoracic vertebral bodies (TVB) and the development of hematologic toxicity (HT) in patients receiving chemoradiation (CRT) for lung cancer (LuCa). The feasibility of a bone-marrow sparing (BMS) approach in this group of patients is unknown. We hypothesized that radiation dose to the TVB can be reduced with an intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT)/volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy(VMAT) without affecting plan quality. Methods: We identified LuCa cases treated with curative intent CRT using IMRT/VMAT from 4/2009 to 2/2015. The TVBs from T1–T10 were retrospectively contoured. No constraints were placed on the TVB structure initially. A subset were re-planned with BMS-IMRT/VMAT with an objective or reducing the mean TVB dose to <23 Gy. The following data were collected on the initial and BMS plans: mean dose to planning target volume (PTV), lungs-PTV, esophagus, heart; lung V20; cord max dose. Pairwise comparisons were performed using the signed rank test. Results: 94 cases received CRT with IMRT/VMAT. We selected 11 cases (7 IMRT, 4 VMAT) with a range of initial mean TVB doses (median 35.7 Gy, range 18.9–41.4 Gy). Median prescription dose was 60 Gy. BMS-IMRT/VMAT significantly reduced the mean TVB dose by a median of 10.2 Gy (range, 1.0–16.7 Gy, p=0.001) and reduced the cord max dose by 2.9 Gy (p=0.014). BMS-IMRT/VMAT had no impact on lung mean (median +17 cGy, p=0.700), lung V20 (median +0.5%, p=0.898), esophagus mean (median +13 cGy, p=1.000) or heart mean (median +16 cGy, p=0.365). PTV-mean dose was not affected by BMS-IMRT/VMAT (median +13 cGy, p=0.653). Conclusion: BMS-IMRT/VMAT was able to significantly reduce radiation dose to the TVB without compromising plan quality. Prospective evaluation of BMS-IMRT/VMAT in patients receiving CRT for LuCa is warranted to determine if this approach results in clinically significant reductions in HT.
Examining social support, rumination, and optimism in relation to binge eating among Caucasian and African–American college women

Binge eating is a significant concern among college age women—both Caucasian and African–American women. Research has shown that social support, coping, and optimism are associated with engaging in fewer negative health behaviors including binge eating among college students. However, the impact of sources of social support (i.e., support from family, friends, and a special person), rumination, and optimism on binge eating as a function of race/ethnicity has received less attention. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between social support, rumination, and optimism and binge eating among Caucasian and American–American women, separately. Caucasian (n = 100) and African–American (n = 84) women from a university in the Mid-Atlantic US completed an online survey about eating behaviors and psychosocial health. Social support from friends was associated with less likelihood of binge eating among Caucasian women. Social support from family was associated with less likelihood of binge eating among African–American women, but greater likelihood of binge eating among Caucasian women. Rumination was associated with greater likelihood of binge eating among Caucasian and African–American women. Optimism was associated with less likelihood of binge eating among African–American women. These results demonstrate similarities and differences in correlates of binge eating as a function of race/ethnicity.
Wastewater treatment plant effluent alters pituitary gland gonadotropin mRNA levels in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)

It is well known that endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) present in wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents interfere with reproduction in fish, including altered gonad development and induction of vitellogenin (Vtg), a female-specific egg yolk protein precursor produced in the liver. As a result, studies have focused on the effects of EDC exposure on the gonad and liver. However, impacts of environmental EDC exposure at higher levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad axis are less well understood. The pituitary gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (Fsh) and luteinizing hormone (Lh) are involved in all aspects of gonad development and are subject to feedback from gonadal steroids making them a likely target of endocrine disruption. In this study, the effects of WWTP effluent exposure on pituitary gonadotropin mRNA expression were investigated to assess the utility of Lh beta-subunit (lhb) as a biomarker of estrogen exposure in juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). First, a controlled 72-h exposure to 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) and 17β-trenbolone (TREN) was performed to evaluate the response of juvenile coho salmon to EDC exposure. Second, juvenile coho salmon were exposed to 0, 20 or 100% effluent from eight WWTPs from the Puget Sound, WA region for 72h. Juvenile coho salmon exposed to 2 and 10ng EE2L(-1) had 17-fold and 215-fold higher lhb mRNA levels relative to control fish. Hepatic vtg mRNA levels were dramatically increased 6670-fold, but only in response to 10ng EE2L(-1) and Fsh beta-subunit (fshb) mRNA levels were not altered by any of the treatments. In the WWTP effluent exposures, lhb mRNA levels were significantly elevated in fish exposed to five of the WWTP effluents. In contrast, transcript levels of vtg were not affected by any of the WWTP effluent exposures. Mean levels of natural and synthetic estrogens in fish bile were consistent with pituitary lhb expression, suggesting that the observed lhb induction may be due to estrogenic activity of the WWTP effluents. These results suggest that lhb gene expression may be a sensitive index of acute exposure to estrogenic chemicals in juvenile coho salmon. Further work is needed to determine the kinetics and specificity of lhb induction to evaluate its utility as a potential indicator of estrogen exposure in immature fish.
Inclusion without Representation in Latin America: Indigenous Reservations and Gender Parity in Bolivia (written with Juan Pablo Ossa)

This chapter explores how intersectional differences and institutions helped structure the terms of inclusion by focusing on Bolivia, which applies both a gender parity law and reserved seats by ethnicity. The country's experience is puzzling. As is well known, the first (self-identified) indigenous president was elected in 2005 and reelected in 2009. Evo Morales and his party, the Movimiento al Socialismo (MAS, Movement toward Socialism), have defended indigenous interests. After assuming office, Morales appointed people of indigenous descent to cabinet positions and required state officials to speak one of three indigenous languages (Aymara, Quechua, or Guarani) (Albro, 2006, p. 210). He presided over a constitutional convention and adoption of a new constitution that upholds numerous indigenous rights, including collective land rights, political and legal autonomy, and control over natural resources (Republica de Bolivia, 2009, Article 30). The national development plan promotes universal health care and income supports while showcasing indigenous cosmovision – including the Andean principle of “living well” – as the paradigm for state policy (Johnson, 2010, p. 143). Yet the MAS rejected a central demand of indigenous movements. They had requested thirty-six reserved seats in parliament: one for each pueblo (or people) recognized by the constitution. In the end, the electoral law approved by the MAS-dominated legislature guaranteed a mere seven seats to indigenous groups, one-fifth of the number originally proposed and a mere 5 percent of the total seats in the lower house of Congress. When it came to women, the opposite occurred. In spite of its machista tendencies, the MAS adopted and applied a parity rule leading to the political inclusion of record numbers of women. Then, the Congress approved laws to establish parity between men and women in the national electoral court, the state electoral courts, the Constitutional Court, and in the selection of leaders in autonomous indigenous regions. Though not all of the party caucus agreed, and women deputies had to struggle against recalcitrant male legislators to get the rules adopted, the remarkable parity provisions were adopted without roadblocks, strikes, or intimidation. Bolivia's indigenous-led government guaranteed indigenous peoples a mere 5 percent of parliamentary seats while women got a gender parity law granting them 50 percent of positions on candidate lists. Why was Evo Morales's government stingy in its response to the demands of indigenous movements for greater political inclusion?
Narratives of Black d/Deaf College Alum: Reflecting on Intersecting Microaggressions in College

There is limited research on the experiences of Black d/Deaf (Bd/Deaf) students, and a historical legacy of discrimination. The purpose of this article is to move minoritized communities’ stories, Bd/Deaf college graduates, from the margins to the center, addressing the ways they experience racist and audist microaggressions as undergraduate students. Using critical race theory and critical Deaf theory, the findings show how educators contribute to how Bd/Deaf students experience microaggressions as invisibility and trivialization.
Nudges in Health Care

Nudges are a difficult topic to broach. Compared to other health care topics, they are small and, by nature, non-coercive (or only partially coercive). Almost any nudge, taken in isolation, can seem either reasonable or innocuous or both to those of varying ideological persuasions. It is in the aggregate, or in their secondary effects, where nudges may become expensive and disruptive. This chapter will first discuss the streams of thought that contribute to the creation and use of nudges with specific examples of where they exist in health care policy. Following this overview is a series of questions that looks at the validity of using nudges in policy.
Die Stribeckschen Untersuchungen von gehärtetem Stahl unter Berücksichtigung der Kugelform

Die Abhandlungen, die Prof. Stribeck in den Jahren 1901 bis 1907 in der Z. Ver. deutsch. Ing. veroffentlicht hat und die in der Zentralstelle fur wissenschaftlich-technische Untersuchungen in Neu-Babelsberg durchgefuhrten umfangreichen Versuche sind auch noch heute fur die Berechnung und Beurteilung von Kugellagern masgebend. Die nachfolgenden Ausfuhrungen sind daher den hierher gehorigen grundlegenden Arbeiten zum Teil wortlich entnommen 2).
Radioactive atoms are tamed by lasers

It May seem unlikely that there can be a link between the disparate fields of highenergy and nuclear physics, where energies of 1012 eV are possible, and atomic physics, which can involve energies as low as 10–9 eV. However, by using laser-cooling techniques to decelerate, cool and confine rare radioactive atoms, groups of atomic and nuclear physicists have succeeded in making just such a connection in experiments at Stony Brook in New York and Berkeley in California.
Understanding the Meanings Secondary Biology Students Construct around Science through Drawings

Learning science, more now than ever, has become a critical part of becoming a fully educated person: engaging in science has become an ever more necessary component for engaged citizenship and career success (Carson, 1997; Feinstein, 2011; Osborne & Dillon, 2008). Yet students often see science as an endeavor for someone else, contributing to a lack of access to necessary knowledge and practices (Aikenhead, 1996; Costa, 1995); in other words, science often lacks meaning for these students. Understanding and recognizing the meanings of science that students construct and the ways that they relate to science are an important task for educational research to encourage authentic and useful engagements with science learning (Archer et al., 2010; Calabrese Barton et al., 2012).
Defining Resilience Across Disciplines

The etymology of resilience is the Latin term resilio, meaning to rebound. Although published accounts of its use date back to ancient Rome in Cicero’s Orations (Alexander D, Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci Discuss 1:1257–1284, 2013), and some physicists and psychologists in the early twentieth century (Manyena S, Disasters 30(4):433–450, 2006), ecologists were the first to embrace and make extensive use of the general concept of resilience more than 30 years ago (see, e.g., Holling C, Annu Rev Ecol Syst 4:1–23, 1973). Since then, it has been adapted or re-invented for the case of short-term disasters (see, e.g., Tierney 1997; Bruneau et al. Earthq Spectra 19:733–752, 2003; Rose A, Disaster Prev Manag 13:307–314, 2004; Environ Hazards 7(4):383–395, 2007) and long-term phenomena, such as climate change (see, e.g., Dovers and Handmer, Glob Environ Chang 2(4):262–276, 1992; IPCC, Climate change 2007: mitigation of climate change. Working Group III contribution to the fourth assessment report of the IPCC. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2007). The analysis of resilience can benefit from a comparison of its definitions in ecology, engineering, organizational behavior, planning, psychology, sociology and economics over the past 40 years. In the discussion below, we focus on points of agreement. This is the basis for establishing criteria for operational metrics that consistent with fundamental principles, the needs of potential users, and the practical matters of data availability and computational manageability.
More on random utility models with bounded ambiguity

Econometric analysis of discrete choice has made considerable use of random utility models to interpret observed choice behavior. Much empirical research concerns choice problems in which persons act with partial knowledge of the utilities of the feasible actions. Economists use random expected utility models to analyze such choice problems. A common practice is to specify fully the expectations that persons hold, in which case choice analysis reduces to inference on preferences alone. However, the expectations assumptions made in empirical research rarely have much foundation. To enable more credible research, this paper considers inference when one specifies a set of expectations that decision makers may plausibly hold. I first pose the idea in abstraction and then specialize to binary response with linear utilities, where the analysis is particularly straightforward. I initially assume that decision makers possess unique subjective probability distributions on the states of nature and make choices that maximize expected utility. I later consider the possibility that persons place only partial probabilistic structure on the states of nature and make undominated choices.
Lattice-matched AlInN/GaN digital alloy for mid- and deep-ultraviolet applications

A lattice-matched AlInGaN digital alloy structure is studied based on the lattice-matched AlInN/GaN ultra-short period superlattices. The numerical findings suggest the potential capabilities of such AlInN/GaN digital alloy in mid- and deep-ultraviolet applications attributed to its tunable bandgap and broadband optical transitions.
Spotty Calcification as a marker of accelerated progression of coronary atherosclerosis: Insights from serial intravascular ultrasound

Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine atheroma progression in patients with spotty calcification. Background Although extensively calcified atherosclerotic lesions have been proposed to be clinically quiescent, the presence of spotty calcification within plaque has been reported to be associated with an increased incidence of ischemic cardiovascular events. The relationship between spotty calcification and disease progression has not been investigated. Methods A total of 1,347 stable patients with angiographic coronary artery disease underwent serial evaluation of atheroma burden with intravascular ultrasound imaging. Patients with spotty calcification were identified based on the presence of lesions (1 to 4 mm in length) containing an arc of calcification of Results Patients with spotty calcification were older (age 56 years vs. 54 years; p = 0.001), more likely to be male (68% vs. 54%; p = 0.01), and have a history of diabetes mellitus (30% vs. 24%; p = 0.01) and myocardial infarction (28% vs. 20%; p = 0.004), and have lower on-treatment high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (48 ± 16 mg/dl vs. 51 ± 17 mg/dl; p = 0.001). Patients with spotty calcification demonstrated a greater percent atheroma volume (PAV) (36.0 ± 7.6% vs. 29.0 ± 8.5%; p 3 vs. 133.9 ± 64.9 mm 3 ; p Conclusions The presence of spotty calcification is associated with more extensive and diffuse coronary atherosclerosis and accelerated disease progression despite use of medical therapies.
At the Crossroads: An Examination & Analysis of Women's Political Images on the National Stage

However the 2008 Presidential election has turned out, it was an epic moment for women in national politics. Senator Hillary Clinton's competitiveness in the Presidential Primaries was at the epicenter of gender political studies during the Presidential Primaries season. There are lingering questions concerning why she did not triumph given her experience, savvy and general background. This study concerns itself with the projection of image for women in politics. It endeavors to develop a methodology which could be replicated and examines the idea of whether or not successful image can be codified and act as a predictor of electability for women in national or executive level state politics.
Understanding the Experiences of Survivors of a Loss by Suicide: A Photovoice Study

Suicide is a devastating loss that leaves behind many survivors who are left to cope with unique obstacles such as isolation, stigma, and the question of why the death occurred. All of these aspects can lead to negative mental health consequences and make it difficult to express the grief experience verbally. Words may not provide the fullest description of the experience, but photographs may provide survivors the opportunity to share their experience on a deeper level. In this study, the researchers used photovoice methodology to explore the experience of survivors. The result included seven themes with a total of 15 photos. These enriching photographs not only give voice to survivors of suicide, but also bring the survivors’ voices out of isolation and provide other individuals within the survivors’ community with a powerful message of their grief experiences.
Innovations in Occupational Health Care Delivery Can Prevent Entry into Permanent Disability: 8-Year Follow-up of the Washington State Centers for Occupational Health and Education.

BACKGROUND Long-term work disability is known to have an adverse effect on the nation's labor force participation rate. To reduce long-term work disability, the Washington State Department of Labor and Industries established a quality improvement initiative that created 2 pilot Centers of Occupational Health and Education (COHE). OBJECTIVES To document the level of work disability in a sample of injured workers with musculoskeletal injuries and to examine (8-y) work disability outcomes associated with the COHE health care model. RESEARCH DESIGN Prospective nonrandomized intervention study with nonequivalent comparison group using difference-in-difference regression models. SUBJECTS Intervention group represents 18,790 workers with musculoskeletal injuries treated by COHE providers. Comparison group represents 20,992 workers with similar injuries treated within the COHE catchment area by non-COHE providers. MEASURES Long-term disability outcomes include: (1) on disability 5 years after injury; (2) received a state pension for total permanent disability; (3) received total disability income support through the Social Security Disability Insurance program; or (4) a combined measure including any one of the 3 prior measures. RESULTS COHE patients had a 30% reduction in the risk of experiencing long-term work disability (odds ratio=0.70, P=0.02). The disability rate (disability days per 1000 persons) over the 8-year follow-up for the intervention and comparison groups, respectively, was 49,476 disability days and 75,832 disability days. CONCLUSIONS Preventing long-term work disability is possible by reorganizing the delivery of occupational health care to support effective secondary prevention in the first 3 months following injury. Such interventions may have promising beneficial effects on reversing the nation's progressively worsening labor force participation rate.
Changes in lung cancer screening knowledge, beliefs, and practices among health care providers.

117Background: In 2013, the U.S. Preventative Task Force began recommending lung cancer screening (LCS) annually for patients ages 55-80 years who are current or former (quit within the last 15 yea...
En lo más íntimo: recuerdo y anhelo en “Shajarit” de Gloria Gervitz

En este ensayo propongo leer “Shajarit”, el primer apartado de la obra de Gloria Gervitz (Mexico 1943-) Migraciones, como el fruto del encuentro entre memoria y deseo. Constato que las mujeres que habitan el poema entregan a la voz que canta un mundo hecho de religion, diaspora, erotismo y trauma que el yo lirico pasa por la criba del anhelo. En la encrucijada entre la palabra poetica y la experiencia se encuentran, asi, las fuerzas de la anoranza por lo que pertenece al pasado ajeno y las del anhelo por lo porvenir propio. Argumento que Gervitz propone una antropologia de lo subjetivo en su devenir historico, cultural y comunitario. A lo largo de mi texto elaboro una reflexion sobre la intimidad, a partir de las ideas de Winnicott, Lacan y Yousef. Finalmente, sostengo que en la creacion de Gervitz, la intimidad es el espacio donde se lleva a cabo la lucha entre la palabra y la experiencia, el yo y la otra, la historia y la pasion.
T Cell Therapy of Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma

The feasibility of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer is based on two fundamental observations derived from experimental animal studies. The first of these observations is that tumor cells express unique antigens that can elicit an immune response in the syngeneic host. The other is that the immune rejection of tumors can be mediated by the adoptive transfer of appropriately sensitized lymphoid cells to the tumor bearing host. One of the significant obstacles in the application of adoptive immunotherapy to human malignancies has been the lack of reliable methods to identify and isolate tumor-reactive lymphoid cells from the tumor-bearing patient. Historically, human malignancies have been considered non-immunogenic by virtue of their spontaneous origins and thought to be incapable of eliciting a T cell immune response. These misconceptions have been proven incorrect by the recent molecular characterization of tumor antigens expressed on different human malignancies and their ability to act as recognition structures for sensitized T cells (1,2).
ON NOT MISUNDERSTANDING OEDIPUS TYRANNOS

How are we to understand what happens to Oedipus? What or who is the cause of the terrible deeds—predicted by oracles to both Laius and Oedipus—that he has already committed before the play begins and that are revealed in its course? The purpose of the present essay, whose title alludes to a well-known article by E.R. Dodds, is to draw attention to aspects of the play that have been ignored or explained away. To give them their due it will be necessary to take issue with two views of Dodds (one of which he owes to Wilamowitz) that I regard as mistaken. To argue against an article that is more than fifty years old might be thought a pointless exhumation, but Dodds's highly influential formulations, I will argue, have caused what Sophocles wrote to be either overlooked or misconstrued and are still causing misunderstanding in the second decade of the present century. It is time these views were examined critically.
Emerging Evidence for Infectious Causes of Cancer in the United States

Worldwide, infectious agents currently contribute to an estimated 15% of new cancer cases. Most of these (92%, or 2 million new cancer cases) are attributable to 4 infectious agents: Helicobacter pylori, human papillomavirus, and hepatitis B and C viruses. A better understanding of how infectious agents relate to the US cancer burden may assist new diagnostic and treatment efforts. We review US-specific crude mortality rates from infection-associated cancers and describe temporal and spatial trends since 1999. We review the US-specific evidence for infection-cancer associations by reporting available estimates for attributable fractions for the infection-cancer associations. Death due to cancers with established infectious associations varies geographically, but estimates for the US attributable fraction are limited to a few observational studies. To describe the burden of infection-associated cancer in the United States, additional observational studies are necessary to estimate the prevalence of infection nationally and within subpopulations. As infectious associations emerge to explain cancer etiologies, new opportunities and challenges to reducing the burden arise. Improved estimates for the United States would help target interventions to higher-risk subpopulations.
Spatial dependence of the temperature profile along a carbon nanotube during thermal-field emission

An efficient algorithm is described to calculate the spatial dependence of the temperature distribution along a carbon nanotube (CNT) during field emission (FE). The algorithm considers the effects of Joule heating in the CNT and radiative losses from the CNT sidewall and tip. The CNT emission current density and the rate of heat exchange per unit area at the CNT tip due to either Henderson-cooling or Nottingham-heating effects are calculated using recent analytical expressions derived by Jensen [J. Appl. Phys. 126, 065302 (2019)]. The latter are valid in the thermionic and field emission regimes and in the transition region between these two extremes. The temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity ρ ( T ) and the thermal conductivity κ ( T ) of the CNT is also included in the model. It is shown that replacing ρ ( T ) and κ ( T ) by their spatial averages over the length of the CNT can lead to an overestimate of the value of the external electric field threshold at which thermal runaway of the CNT occurs. These results should be considered when calculating the field emission characteristics of CNT arrays such as from a carbon nanotube fiber whose FE properties are primarily determined by the FE properties of the array of CNTs at the tip of the fiber. Using the new algorithm, the simulation times to calculate the CNT FE characteristics and the spatial temperature distribution are found to be nearly two orders of magnitude faster compared to those required when both the current and energy exchange at the CNT tip are calculated numerically.
Business Ethics, Strategic Decision Making and Firm Performance

In this article, we review some recent attempts to develop conceptual and empirical linkages between business ethics and firm performance. We also briefly critique attempts to conceptualize business ethics as a performance-related issue for strategic leaders. Finally, we conclude by offering a few thoughts about how future research in this area could be improved, and highlight some unresolved issues for executives.
Fewer Subsequent Strokes with Ticagrelor Plus Aspirin than with Aspirin Alone.

For patients with mild to moderate acute nonembolic ischemic stroke, treatment with ticagrelor plus aspirin for 30 days resulted in fewer subsequent strokes but similar overall disability and an increase in severe bleeding compared with aspirin alone.
Microring resonators on a suspended membrane circuit for atom-light interactions

The integration of cold neutral atoms with nanophotonic circuits offers significant potential as a light–mater interface for a wide range of applications ranging from studies of fundamental physics and quantum many– body physics to quantum networks. Here, we describe the design and realization of a novel platform where an efficiently–coupled microring photonic circuit on a chip is integrated with a cold atom system. This platform is fully compatible with laser cooling and trapping atoms, which allows for direct loading of cold atoms into an optical tweezer lattice formed on the microring circuit. Realizing strong atom–light interaction requires localizing atoms within the near field region of a whispering-gallery mode in a microring resonator. To this end, we estimate the positions of trapped atoms and consider a scheme to transport them to the closest site from the surface. This scheme can also be used for preparing for an array of individually trapped atoms. Such a platform holds promises for realizing a robust and scalable light–mater interface operating at individual quanta.