cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Doppler echocardiographic measurement of cardiac output: Comparison with a non-golden standard

Doppler echocardiography (echo) is an exciting and expanding area in diagnostic cardiac ultrasonography. It involves the use of sound wave signals to measure blood flow velocity. Doppler echo has been of clinical value in the noninvasive detection and quantification of cardiac valvular stenosis, valvular regurgitation and intracardiac shunts and in the quantification of cardiac output (CO).l Recent technologic advances have led to the commercial introduction of Doppler devices integrated into 2-dimensional(2-D) echocardiographs, and to availability of small, easily portable Doppler devices designed for bedside measurement of CO. The principle behind Doppler measurement of CO is as follows: If the mean velocity of flow in a fluid in a tube and the cross-sectional area of the tube are measured, the net rate of flow through the tube can be calculated. In the case of CO, blood (the “fluid”) flow velocity is measured ultrasonically in the aorta (the “tube”). This is done by looking for a change in frequency between the emitted ultrasonic signals and the signals reflected off moving red blood cells. Blood flow velocity is then calculated from the Doppler equation V = Af X c/2f X cos 8, where V = magnitude of blood flow velocity; Af = the measured Doppler frequency shift; f = the known frequency of the emitted ultrasonic signal; c = the speed of sound in tissue (1,540 m/s); and fl = the angle between the direction of blood flow and the ultrasonic signal. of each cardiac cycle, depending on intraluminal pressure. Thus, these changes in aortic cross section, should, at least theoretically, be taken into account. Second, the Doppler method neglects coronary blood flow (which originates proximal to the point of measurement). Third, the velocity of blood flow is not uniform throughout a cross section of the aorta. What we really wish to measure is a mean velocity of blood flow across a transverse plane through the aorta. What we actually measure are velocities within a sample volume which is more or less representative of transverse plane. Finally, the amplitude of measured velocity is dependent on the angle between the direction of blood flow and the direction of the Doppler signal. We can only estimate the angle.
Changes in the biochemistry of the rat heart with increasing age

Effects of increasing age on biochemical parameters of rat hearts have been summarized, as far as possible, in a descriptive, qualitative manner. Where available, the strain, age, and sex of rats have been included. Due to a lack of uniformity in expressing chemical components and enzyme activities found in rat hearts, it is inappropriate in a review of this type to advance hypotheses regarding the nature of biochemical changes that may be contributing to or be the results of aging processes.
Changes in Apple Polyphenoloxidase and Polyphenol Concentrations in Relation to Degree of Browning

Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity and polyphenol concentrations decreased during maturation and remained relatively constant during cold storage. However, there was no set pattern of changes in degree of browning during maturation and cold storage. Not all cultivars showed the same relationship between degree of browning and enzyme activity. In some cultivars (Classic Delicious, RI Greening, McIntosh and Cortland), PPO activity was directly related to degree of browning while in others (Empire, Rome and Golden Delicious), degree of browning was related more to phenolic concentration. High performance liquid chromatography analysis of the phenolics in apples showed that the types of phenolic compounds in all cultivars were similar and that no one particular compound could account for the differences observed in browning.
Yang-Mills theory on a circle

Abstract In SU(N) gauge theory on the manifold S1×R1 (circle×time) the non-integrable phases of the Wilson line integrals are the only physical gauge field degrees of freedom. The dynamics of such phases are completely solved in pure gauge field theory in the Coulomb gauge. It is also shown that the presence of fermions drastically alters the structure of the vacuum.
Child Behavior Checklist Scores for School-Aged Children with Autism: Preliminary Evidence of Patterns Suggesting the Need for Referral

The Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) is a widely used questionnaire to assess behavioral and emotional problems. It is often used as a diagnostic screener, but autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are not included in the CBCL for school-aged children. This study investigated patterns of CBCL scores in 108 children with high-functioning ASD from two independent samples, and 67 IQ- and age-matched controls. Scores on the CBCL Thought and Social Problems scales significantly differentiated children with ASD from controls. Both independent ASD samples had the same pattern of elevations, with mean scores over two standard deviations above the mean for Social, Thought, and Attention Problems. The Withdrawn/Depressed scale was elevated to at least the borderline clinical range for half of the ASD sample. This pattern of elevations is consistent with two prior studies of the CBCL with school-aged children with ASD, and therefore may warrant follow-up assessment to rule out an ASD.
Chemical colloids versus biological colloids: a comparative study for the elucidation of the mechanism of protein fiber formation

Fiber formation from murine serum amyloid A1 (SAA) was compared to the linear aggregation and fiber formation of colloidal gold particles. Here we report the similarities of these processes. Upon incubation with acetic acid, SAA misfolds and adopts a new conformation, which we termed saa. saa apparently is less soluble than SAA in aqueous solution; it aggregates and forms nucleation units and then fibers. The fibers appear as a string of the nucleation units. Additionally, an external electric field promotes saa fiber formation. These properties of saa are reminiscent of colloidal gold formation from gold ions and one-dimensional aggregation of the gold colloids. Colloidal gold particles were also found to be capable of aggregating one-dimensionally under an electric field or in the presence of polylysine. These gold fibers resembled in structure that of saa fibers. In summary, protein aggregation and formation of fibers appear to follow the generalized principles derived in colloidal science for the aggregation of atoms and molecules, including polymers such as polypeptides. The analysis of colloidal gold formation and of one-dimensional aggregation provides a simple model system for the elucidation of some aspects of protein fiber formation.
10α-methyl-eudesman-8αH,12-olides and other constituents from Wedelia pinetorum

Abstract The aerial parts of Wedelia pinetorum furnished small amounts of three new 10α-methyl-eudesman-8αH,12-olides. Other constituents were angelylgrandifloric acid, its 9β-hydroxy derivative and its 16,17-epoxide, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadeca-10( E ),15(2 Z )-dienoic acid and 9,12,13-trihydroxyoctadec-10( E )-enoic acid.
Approaches to Teaching the Works of Tim O'Brien Alex Vernon and Catherine Calloway, Editors. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2010.

Approaches to Teaching the Works of Tim O'Brien Alex Vernon and Catherine Calloway, Editors. New York: The Modern Language Association of America, 2010.As stories about war continue to proliferate in the American media, coming from both recently returned veterans and from pundits pushing their own agendas, the fiction of Tim O'Brien grows increasingly essential for teachers of contemporary American literature. In his most well-known books - Vietnam tales like The Things They Carried and Going After Cacciato, or the more domestic PTSD story In the Lake of the Woods - O'Brien explores the potentials and impossibilities of telling true war stories. As with any fiction so intensely personal and potentially contentious, these novels and shorts can be daunting, but Approaches to Teaching the Works of Tim O'Brien, edited by Alex Vernon and Catherine Calloway, admirably equips instructors with all they need to introduce his work to a variety of learners.Although the editors draw from prior studies and collections like Steven Kaplan's Understanding Tim O'Brien, Tobey Herzog's Tim O'Brien, and Mark Heberle's A Trauma Artist: Tim O'Brien and the Fiction of Vietnam, the book functions as a higher education companion to Barry Gilmore and Alexander Kaplan's Tim O'Brien in the Classroom, as Approaches is devoted to classroom applications instead of new theoretical or interpretative techniques. Accordingly, the first third of the book attends solely to background, featuring a brief biography of O'Brien and an exhaustive bibliography of his writing, as well as interviews and secondary sources. Vernon and Calloway also include a summary of the Vietnam conflict and a substantial annotated compendium of sources about the war, organized around issues like "Women and Gender" and "Postwar Lives and Legacies." The bulk of the essays are from teachers who describe their own methods and lesson plans. Most of the ideas are strictly practical, such as a project asking students to free-write about the objects in their backpacks. Many contributors outline entire courses relating to O'Brien, built upon topics like trauma or narratology. They often recommend companion pieces to be paired with O'Brien's work, such as novels like Bobbi Ann Mason's In Country, Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms, and Duong Thu Huong's Novel Without a Name, or films like Apocalypse Now and Three Kings.In the introduction, Vernon rightly claims that, for The Things They Carried, the "Vietnam war is the setting; it is not the story," that one could teach the story cycle, "and teach it successfully, without teaching the war" (57). …
Forces applied to large hand wheels

This is a report of a study conducted to establish the population isometric strength capabilities of subjects generating force using a hand wheel. Wheel force strength of 125 males and 125 females was measured using two different handgrip configurations: grasping the rim of the wheel and grasping the spoke. In addition, two separate procedures for generating and measuring strength were used: a 3 s average during a 6 s trial, and a ramp to maximum exertion level and then relax. The task simulated setting a handbrake on a typical railroad box car. Results indicated that grip characteristics and grip strength play an important role in isometric wheel force strength capabilities. The average tangential forces ranged from 393 to 614 N for males, and from 235 to 348 N for females, depending upon the grip configuration and the method used to measure strength. Standard whole-body strength measures for the legs, arms, torso and grip were also measured and demonstrated to be effective in predicting the wheel force strength capabilities of the subjects.
ACM SRC poster: optimizing all-to-all algorithm for PERCS network using simulation

Communication algorithms play a crucial role in the performance of large-scale parallel systems. They are implemented in runtime systems and used in most parallel applications as a critical component. As vendors are willing to design new custom networks with significantly different performance properties for their new supercomputers, designing new efficient communication algorithms is an inevitable challenge. This task is desirable to be done before the machine comes online since inefficient use of the system before the new algorithm's availability is a huge waste of a possibly hundreds of millions of dollars resource. Here, we demonstrate the usability of our simulation framework, BigSim, in meeting this challenge. Using BigSim, we observe that the commonly used Pairwise-Exchange algorithm for all-to-all communication pattern is suboptimal for a supernode of the PERCS network (two-level directly connected similar to Dragonfly topology). We designed a new all-to-all algorithm for it and predict a five-fold performance improvement for large message sizes using this algorithm.
Dollars to dimes: Disparity, uncertainty, and marketing to the poor at US dollar stores

This article contextualizes the growth of dollar stores in the United States within multinational corporations’ increased focus on poor people as growth markets. Dollar stores have existed since the 1950s, however they have become increasingly popular and ubiquitous since the 1990s after a decade of economic liberalization policies increased wealth and income disparity around the world. Analysis of retail trade publications, popular press, and corporate documents indicate the contradictions that these retailers and consumer goods companies face in targeting low-income consumers in the United States. They seek to dissociate themselves from US economic decline and loss even as the modes of production and circuits of distribution they employ indicate the erosion of an exceptional American middle-class consumerism. Thus, dollar stores both index the tensions of late capitalist globalization while also obscuring widespread disenfranchisement through the promise of inclusion and access for marginalized populations.
Mechanical masking of neurosensory pathways at the calf-teat interface: endocrine, reproductive and lactational features of the suckled anestrous cow.

Abstract A mammary somatosensory mask was employed in suckled anestrous beef cows to attenuate signals that were hypothesized to play a direct regulatory role in postpartum anestrus. Cows (n = 20) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups on Days 15 to 20 postcalving. The three treatments were: 1) masked (n = 7); 2) suckled (negative control, n = 6); and 3) weaned (positive control, n = 7). Four layers of surgical glove latex were used to cover the teats and ventro-lateral prominence of the udder of masked cows with a nonhardening, nontoxic adhesive (Day 0). Masks were designed to prevent direct contact between the skin of the teat/udder and the mouth of the calf and to allow normal suckling and milk removal. Masks were left in place for 7 d, with calves in the weaned group removed to a remote location for 7 d. Calves in the suckled group were allowed ad libitum suckling. Calves in the masked group tended (P
Interaction of chlorinated phenolics and quinones with the mitochondrial respiration: A comparison of the o- and p-chlorinated quinones and hydroquinones

Interest in the environmental toxicology of chlorinated catechols and their analogous quinones was prompted by their acute toxicity towards fish and other aquatic organisms. Chlorophenols, such as pentachlorophenol, as well as tetrachlorocatechol have been suggested to uncouple mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation while chloranil and tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone have been shown to inhibit liver mitochondrial respiration, which may be related to their cytotoxicity. Another chlorinated quinone fungicide, 2,3 dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone (CNQ) has been studied and shown to both uncouple oxidative phosphorylation and inhibit respiration in liver and heart mitochondria. CNQ was shown to undergo redox cycling with mitochondria, with a concomitant production of toxic oxygen species including superoxide and hydrogen peroxide. These reactive oxygen species were associated with the generation of mitochondrial oxidative stress, and were related to the toxic action of CNQ. Based upon these previous findings, the authors examined the interaction of both the ortho and para isomers of tetrachloro-benzoquinone and their corresponding hydroquinones with mitochondria in order to prove their mechanism of actions and compare the reactions of the various isomers.
Thoracic and prothoracic leg neuromuscular system of the praying mantid, Sphodromantis lineola (Burmeister).

Historically, praying mantids have attracted attention because of their dramatic prey capture behavior, loosely termed the strike. However, little is known about the neuromuscular organization that underpins the behavior. Although once thought to be quite stereotyped, recent data indicate that the strike is quite plastic and can be aimed accurately within a relatively large three-dimensional space. Hence, successful prey capture requires the integration of (1) visual information, indicating prey has been recognized; and (2) proprioceptive information, indicating head and prothorax (i.e., visual field) position and initial leg positions. This study was undertaken as part of a larger program examining how such sensory information is integrated with the appropriate motor systems. Our goals were (1) to describe the gross thoracic and foreleg neuromuscular system of Sphodromantis lineola and (2) to identify the soma locations of the motor neurons associated with the largest leg nerve, N4, which travels the length of each leg. We found that the thoracic and foreleg neuromusculature of S. lineola are similar but not identical to what is known about just three other species of mantid, and that motor neuron somata associated with N4 are arranged in stereotypical, bilaterally symmetrical groups as they are in other orthopteroids, suggesting that this is a general organizational feature of the insect CNS. J. Comp. Neurol. 409:325–338, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The effects of multiracial identification on students’ perceptions of racism

Abstract This paper compares the differing perceptions of racism reported by White ( n = 222), Black ( n = 99), and White–Black multiracial ( n = 45) students at an urban campus of a Southern university. Using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), we examine the differences between the racial groups in three campus contexts—campus in general, with instructors, and with other students. Items chosen for analysis included behaviors or actions experienced by at least 4% of the respondents. In nearly all areas, the multiracial student group reported the most experience with prejudice. We employ standpoint theory to discuss these findings.
Thalamic-induced stuttering (surgical observations).

Repetitive dysfluencies of speech were elicited by mechanical perturbation of the thalamus in a patient, preparatory to therapeutic lesion placement for chronic pain Perturbation consisted of a 2 m...
A study of the interaction of atomic oxygen with various carbonaceous materials

Abstract A variety of techniques have been used to examine the manner by which atomic oxygen species interact with various carbonaceous solids. In addition, the effect of such a treatment on the physical and surface chemical properties of the carbons has been determined. In situ electron microscopy studies have enabled us to establish that graphite is probably the most reactive form of carbon for this reaction. This behavior is rationalized according to the notion that atomic oxygen reacts preferentially with the delocalized π electrons in the graphite basal plane to create micro-pits. It is shown that careful control of the reaction of atomic oxygen with a carbonaceous surface can lead to certain beneficial effects when such structures are used in a reinforcement application.
A FRAMEWORK FOR INTERACTIVE COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS IN GEOMECHANICS

Abstract This paper presents a computational approach intended to support interactive modeling of geomechanics problems. The approach is essentially a finite element method implemented with several special features, including coordinate-free, abstract geometrical modeling, a dynamic problem formulation, encapsulated iterative solution techniques, and element-by-element implementation algorithms. Object-oriented programming has been used to construct a system possessing these features, and the basic architecture of the system is presented in terms of the various classes of objects which serve as the computational agents. The interactive nature of the approach is illustrated in the context of a problem involving sequential loading and accretion.
Clones of Friend leukemia cells: differences in karyotypes and responsiveness to inducers of differentiation.

Abstract Several clones of Friend leukemia cells have been established which differ in their chromosome composition. These cells also vary with regard to their responsiveness to DMSO, whereas all are responsive to butyric acid. Hence, there appears to be independent assortment of the ability of a cell line to respond to DMSO and to butyric acid, suggesting a different mechanism of action for each agent. Further, individual Friend cells possess the ability to simultaneously contain chloroacetate esterase and heme — two biochemical properties which have previously been believed to be mutually exclusive.
ELECTRON ENERGY AND MAGNETIC FIELD DERIVED FROM SOLAR MICROWAVE BURST SPECTRA

Microwave bursts during solar flares are known to be sensitive to high-energy electrons and magnetic field, both of which are important ingredients of solar flare physics. This paper presents such information derived from the microwave bursts of the 412 flares that were measured with the Owens Valley Solar Array. We assumed that these bursts are predominantly due to gyrosynchrotron radiation by nonthermal electrons in a single power-law energy distribution to use the simplified formulae for gyrosynchrotron radiation in the data analysis. A second major assumption was that statistical properties of flare electrons derived from this microwave database should agree with an earlier result based on the hard X-ray burst spectrometer on Solar Maximum Mission. Magnetic field information was obtained in the form of a scaling law between the average magnetic field and the total source area, which turns out to be a narrow distribution around ~400 G. The derived nonthermal electron energy is related to the peak flux, peak frequency, and spectral index, through a multistep regression fit, which can be used for a quick estimate for the nonthermal electron energy from spatially integrated microwave spectral observations.
A decision tree for selecting the most cost-effective waste disposal strategy in foodservice operations

Abstract The purposes of this study were to determine costs of disposal strategies for wastes generated in foodservice operations and to develop a decision tree to determine the most cost-effective disposal strategy for foodservice operations. Four cases, including the central food processing center (CFPC) in a school district, a continuing-care retirement center (CCRC), a university dining center (UDC), and a commercial chain restaurant (CCR), were studied to determine the most cost-effective disposal strategy. Annual costs for the current and projected strategies were determined for each case. Results of waste characterization studies and stopwatch studies, interviews with foodservice directors, and water flow and electrical requirements from manufacturers' specifications were used to determine cost incurred. The annual percentage increases for labor, fees, and services were used to reflect an inflated economic condition for the ensuing 10 years of the study period. The Net Present Worth method was used to compare costs of strategies, and the multiparameter sensitivity analysis was conducted to examine the tolerance of the chosen strategy. The most cost-effective strategy differed among foodservice operations because of the composition of food and packaging wastes, the quantity of recyclable materials, the waste-hauling charges, labor costs, start-up costs, and inflation rate. For example, the use of a garbage disposal for food waste and landfills and recycling for packaging waste were the most cost-effective strategies for the CCRC. A decision tree was developed to illustrate the decision-making process that occurs when conducting cost analysis and subsequent decisions. Dietetics practitioners can use the decision tree when evaluating the results of the cost analysis. J Am Diet Assoc. 2003;103:475-482.
Oral tradition and chronology

Perhaps the weakest aspect of oral tradition is its inability to establish and maintain an accurate assessment of the length of the past it purports to relate. As time passes, societies without calendrical systems tend to become either very vague about this time depth or to relate it to present, changing circumstances. The most common method of measuring the past in many societies is in terms of king lists or genealogies. A comparison of orally transmitted king lists and genealogies in various places and times, for example, the early Mediterranean world and the Ancient Near East, the native states of India, Africa and Oceania, indicates that certain patterns of chronological distortion seem to emerge, sometimes telescoping but more often lengthening the past.The former may occur through omission of usurpers, however defined, periods of chaos or foreign domination, or by the personification of an entire epoch by a founding folk-hero. If the reasons for artificial lengthening are obvious, the mechanisms are less so. In this respect a survey of both welldocumented cases and of orally transmitted lists can be instructive. Lengthening is often the result of euhemerism; more often subtler themes emerge. These include longer reigns in the earlier, less known period, the arranging of contemporary rulers as successive ones and, most importantly, extended father/son succession throughout the list or genealogy. This last is of direct and profound chronological importance, and its occurrence is widespread enough to be termed stereotypical. Yet it is not often recognized as aberrant, even though its documented occurrence is exceedingly rare. The consequent equation of reigns with generations will almost always result in an exaggerated conception of the antiquity of the beginning of the genealogy. Other weaknesses of orally transmitted king lists include lack of multiple reigns and dynastic changes, and suspiciously perfect rotational succession systems.Within its scope this article only attempts to hint at the origin, shape and effects of these distortions. Its main thesis is that much light can be cast on African cases of this nature through a comparative analysis drawing from a whole range of societies and sources.
High performance reliable variable latency carry select addition

Speculative adders have attracted strong interest for reducing critical path delays to sub-logarithmic delays by exploiting the trade-offs between reliability and performance. Speculative adders also find use in the design of reliable variable latency adders, which combine speculation with error correction to achieve high performance for low area overhead over traditional adders. This paper describes speculative carry select addition (SCSA), a novel function speculation technique for the design of low error-rate speculative adders and low overhead, high performance, reliable variable latency adders. We develop an analytical model for the error rate of SCSA to facilitate both design exploration and convergence. We show that for an error rate of 0.01% (0.25%), SCSA-based speculative addition is 10% faster than the DesignWare adder with up to 43% (56%) area reduction. Further, on average, variable latency addition using SCSA-based speculative adders is 10% faster than the DesignWare adder with area requirements of -19% to 16% (-17% to 29%) for unsigned random (signed Gaussian) inputs.
Sociocultural Theory and Second Language Acquisition.

Second language acquisition (SLA) research informed by sociocultural theory (henceforth, SCT) began in earnest with the publication of Frawley & Lantolf's (1985) article on L2 (second language) discourse (described in the timeline proper). Since then, well over 300 journal articles, book chapters and doctoral dissertations have appeared in the research literature. Although the term ‘sociocultural’ is often applied to a wide array of approaches to research that seeks to understand what it means to be a human being, in the present timeline, we restrict its interpretation to refer to the specific theory of psychological development proposed by Vygotsky (1986). Other approaches that have appropriated the term, such as those emanating from the writings of Bakhtin (1981), while compatible in many respects with Vygotskian theory, have a different focus and are not strictly speaking psychological or psycholinguistic theories. To be sure, Vygotsky rarely used the term ‘sociocultural’, preferring instead ‘cultural psychology’ or ‘cultural-historical psychology’ to refer to his theory. Wertsch (1985) is generally credited with having coined the term ‘sociocultural’ as a way of capturing the notion that human mental functioning results from participation in, and appropriation of, the forms of cultural mediation integrated into social activities.
RIVA: a versatile parallel rendering system for interactive scientific visualization

JPL's Remote Interactive Visualization and Analysis System (RIVA) is described in detail. The RIVA system integrates workstation graphics, massively parallel computing technology, and gigabit communication networks to provide a flexible interactive environment for scientific data perusal, analysis, and visualization, RIVA's kernel is a highly scalable parallel perspective renderer tailored especially for the demands of large datasets beyond the sensible reach of workstations. Early experience with using RIVA to interactively explore and process multivariate, multiresolution datasets is reported; several examples using data from a variety of remote sensing instruments are discussed in detail and the results shown. Particular attention is placed on describing the algorithmic details of RIVA's parallel renderer kernel, with emphasis on the key aspects of achieving the algorithm's overall scalability. The paper summarizes the performance achieved for machine sizes up to more than 500 nodes and for initial input image/terrain bases in the 2 Gbyte range.
Micromechanical modeling of elastic properties of cortical bone accounting for anisotropy of dense tissue.

Abstract The paper analyzes the connection between microstructure of the osteonal cortical bone and its overall elastic properties. The existing models either neglect anisotropy of the dense tissue or simplify cortical bone microstructure (accounting for Haversian canals only). These simplifications (related mostly to insufficient mathematical apparatus) complicate quantitative analysis of the effect of microstructural changes – produced by age, microgravity, or some diseases – on the overall mechanical performance of cortical bone. The present analysis fills this gap; it accounts for anisotropy of the dense tissue and uses realistic model of the porous microstructure. The approach is based on recent results of Sevostianov et al. (2005) and Saadat et al. (2012) on inhomogeneities in a transversely-isotropic material. Bone׳s microstructure is modeled according to books of Martin and Burr (1989) , Currey (2002) , and Fung (1993) and includes four main families of pores. The calculated elastic constants for porous cortical bone are in agreement with available experimental data. The influence of each of the pore types on the overall moduli is examined.
Executive Director's Report, 2006

Each year the executive director makes an annual report to the Council and membership, typically recounted in densely packed text in the fall issue of PS. It's always good reading to be sure, but rarely brings to life the vibrancy, breadth, and rich texture of APSA activities. This year we are trying something new, and have prepared a more tailored and graphical APSA Annual Report as a stand alone booklet. It is available to all members, and was first distributed at the APSA Annual Business Meeting in Philadelphia.
Debunking myths about trauma and memory

How trauma victims remember--or forget--their most horrific experiences lies at the heart of the most bitter controversy in psychiatry and psychology in recent times. Whereas experts maintain that traumatic events--those experienced as overwhelmingly terrifying at the time of their occurrence--are remembered all too well, traumatic amnesia theorists disagree. Although these theorists acknowledge that trauma is often seemingly engraved on memory, they nevertheless maintain that a significant minority of survivors are incapable of remembering their trauma, thanks to mechanisms of either dissociation or repression. Unfortunately, the evidence they adduce in support of the concept of traumatic dissociative amnesia fails to support their claims. The purpose of this review is to dispel confusions and debunk myths regarding trauma and memory.
Interconnect estimation and planning for deep submicron designs

This paper reports two sets of important results in our exploration of an interconnect-centric design flow for deep submicron (DSM) designs: (i) We obtain efficient yet accurate wiring area estimation models for optimal wire sizing (OWS). We also propose a simple metric to guide area-efficient performance optimization; (ii) Guided by our interconnect estimation models, we study the interconnect architecture planning problem for wire-width designs. We achieve a rather surprising result which suggests that two pre-determined wire widths per metal layer are sufficient to achieve near-optimal performance. This result will greatly simplify the routing architecture and tools for DSM designs. We believe that our interconnect estimation and planning results will have a significant impact on DSM designs.
Transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange beamline at the A0 Photoinjector

The FNAL A0 Photoinjector is being reconfigured to test the principal of transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange as proposed by Cornacchia and Emma,Kim and and Sessler, and others. The ability to perform such an exchange could have major advantages to FELs by reducing the transverse emittance. Several schemes to carry out the exchange are possible and will be reported separately. At the Fermilab A0 Photoinjector we are constructing a beamline to demonstrate this transverse to longitudinal emittance exchange. This beamline will consist of a dogleg, a TMn110 5 cell copper cavity, and another dogleg. The beamline is designed to reuse the bunch compressor dipoles of the photoinjector, along with some existing diagnostics. Beamline layout and simulations are presented. Emittance dilution effects are also discussed.
Hyperpolarized 13C NMR detects rapid drug-induced changes in cardiac metabolism

Purpose The diseased myocardium lacks metabolic flexibility and responds to stimuli differently compared with healthy hearts. Here, we report the use of hyperpolarized 13C NMR spectroscopy to detect sudden changes in cardiac metabolism in isolated, perfused rat hearts in response to adrenergic stimulation. Methods Metabolism of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate was investigated in perfused rat hearts. The hearts were stimulated in situ by isoproterenol shortly after the administration of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate. The hyperpolarized 13C NMR results were corroborated with 1H NMR spectroscopy of tissue extracts. Results Addition of isoproterenol to hearts after equilibration of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate into the existing lactate pool resulted in a sudden, rapid increase in hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate signal within seconds after exposure to drug. The hyperpolarized H13CO3− and hyperpolarized [1-13C]alanine signals were not affected by the isoproterenol-induced elevated cardiac workload. Separate experiments confirmed that the new hyperpolarized [1-13C]lactate signal that arises after stimulation by isoproterenol reflects a sudden increase in total tissue lactate derived from glycogen. Conclusion These results suggest that hyperpolarized pyruvate and 13C MRS may be useful for detecting abnormal glycogen metabolism in intact tissues. Magn Reson Med 74:312–319, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Survey of mirror machine reactors

The Magnetic Mirror Fusion Program is one of the two main-line fusion efforts in the United States. Starting from the simple axisymmetric mirror concept in the 1950's, the program has successfully overcome gross flute-type instabilities (using minimum-B magnetic fields), and the most serious of the micro-instabilities which plagued it (the drift-cyclotron loss-cone mode). Dense plasmas approaching the temperature range of interest for fusion have been created (n/sub p/ = 10/sup 14//cc at 10 to 12 keV). At the same time, rather extensive conceptual design studies of possible mirror configurations have led to three principle designs of interest: the standard mirror fission-fusion hybrid, tandem mirror, and the field-reversed mirror. The lectures will discuss these three concepts in turn. There will be no discussion of diagnostics for the mirror machine in these lectures, but typical plasma parameters will be given for each type of machine, and the diagnostic requirements will be apparent. In a working fusion reactor, diagnostics will be required for operational control, and remarks will be made on this subject.
Gallium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate (Gallium Triflate)

[74974-60-0] C3F9GaO9S3 (MW 516.91) InChI = 1S/3CHF3O3S.Ga/c3*2-1(3,4)8(5,6)7;/h3*(H,5,6,7);/q;;;+3/p-3 InChIKey = BVLXNPRUOXPBII-UHFFFAOYSA-K (a Lewis acid catalyst) Physical Data: dec. at 280 °C. Solubility: soluble in water, alcohol, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide, and most highly polar organic solvents. Form Supplied in: anhydrous gallium triflate is a white powder. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the salt is moisture stable but hygroscopic. Store under argon in a glovebox or a desiccator over P4O10. Preparative methods: gallium triflate can be prepared from gallium metal or gallium chloride by refluxing with excess of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (triflic acid).1 After cooling the mixture to 0 °C, the mixture is poured into ice and then filtered to remove any unreacted gallium metal and other insoluble materials. Water and excess triflic acid are removed from the filtrate by vacuum distillation and the resulting hydrated salt is then dried by heating at 200 °C for 5–24 h using a P4O10 trap under vacuum. Gallium triflate is obtained as a white powder (eq 1). (1)
Improving supply chain security using big data

Previous attempts at supply chain risk management are often non-technical and rely heavily on policies/procedures to provide security assurances. This is particularity worrisome as there are vast volumes of data that must be analyzed and data continues to grow at unprecedented rates. In order to mitigate these issues and minimize the amount of manual inspection required, we propose the development of mathematically-based automated screening methods that can be incorporated into supply chain risk management. In particular, we look at methods for identifying deception and deceptive practices that may be present in the supply chain. We examine two classes of constraints faced by deceivers, cognitive/computational limitations and strategic tradeoffs, which can be used to developed graph-based metrics to represent entity behavior. By using these metrics with novel machine learning algorithms, we can robustly detect deceptive behavior and identify potential supply chain issues.
Chloroplast Ribosomal Protein S7 of Chlamydomonas Binds to Chloroplast mRNA Leader Sequences and May Be Involved in Translation Initiation

Certain mutations isolated in the 5′untranslated region (5′UTR) of the chloroplast rps7 gene in Chlamydomonas reduce expression of reporter genes. Second site suppressors in this 5′UTR sequence restore reporter expression. 5′UTR sequences with the original mutations fail to bind a 20-kD protein, one of five proteins that bind to leaders of several chloroplast genes. However, 5′UTRs from suppressed mutants restore binding to this protein but do not bind a 47-kD protein present on the wild type and the original mutant 5′UTRs. The 20-kD protein was shown to be the S7 protein of the chloroplast ribosomal small subunit encoded by rps7 , whereas the 47-kD protein was shown to be RB47, a poly(A) binding protein. Our data are consistent with the hypothesis that the S7 protein plays either a general or a specific regulatory role in translation initiation in the chloroplast.
Rethinking Scientific Specialization

My aim in this paper is to re-examine specialization in science. I argue that we need to acknowledge the role that conceptual changes can play in the creation of new specialties. Whereas earlier sociological accounts focus on social and instrumental changes as the cause of the creation of new specialties, I argue that conceptual changes play an important role in the creation of some scientific specialties. Specifically, I argue that conceptual developments played an important role in the creation of both endocrinology and virology.
Mandatory Liability Insurance for Firearm Owners: Design Choices and Second Amendment Limits

In response to the massacre at Sandy Hook Elementary School, some legislatures are considering proposals to require all gun owners to purchase liability insurance. Although this idea is not without merit, a mandatory insurance regime could easily be designed (either deliberately or inadvertently) in a way that would unnecessarily compromise the Second Amendment rights of individuals. This article provides an analysis that could contribute to designing mandatory liability insurance laws that deserve to be upheld by the courts charged with protecting the constitutional rights of American citizens.
America’s First Polymer Scientists: Rubber Processing, Use and Transport in Mesoamerica

Ancient Mesoamericans were making rubber by at least 1600 B.C, mixing latex from Castilla elastica trees with juice from Ipomoea alba (morning glory) vines. The combination of ethnographic, archaeological and mechanical data presented in this text illustrate that ancient Mesoamericans had fully developed this process, and consciously tailored the mechanical properties of rubber to suit requirements of specific applications by altering the ratio of latex to I. alba juice. Our data focus on rubber balls, sandal soles, and rubber bands for hafting and joining. Elasticity, the mechanical property that defines the ability of a rubber ball to bounce, is maximized with a 1:1 volume ratio of latex to I. alba juice. Rubber with high wear resistance, vital to the life and functionality of a sandal sole, can be created by mixing C. elastica latex with 25 percent I. alba juice by volume. Unprocessed C. elastica latex, without I. alba juice, is the material best suited for joining applications, such as adhesives or hafting bands, where strength and ability to absorb shock is of the greatest importance. Tribute data from sixteenth-century codices substantiate that rubber was processed for specific applications within the Aztec empire—rubber and latex goods were processed and constructed in the C. elastica-bearing regions, and then shipped to the capital for use or further distribution.
Diversity and System Security: A Game Theoretic Perspective

It has been argued that systems that are comprised of similar components (i.e., A monoculture) are more prone to attacks than a system that exhibits diversity. But it is not currently clear how much diversity is needed and how to leverage the underlying diversity in the design space. Here we attempt to study these issues using a Game Theoretic model comprised of multiple systems and an attacker. The model illustrates how the concept of the Nash Equilibrium provides a theoretical framework for designing strategic security solutions and how the mixed strategy solution space provides a conceptual basis for defining optimal randomization techniques that can exploit the underlying diversity. The paper also studies how strategic behavior influences the diversity and vulnerability of an overall system. Simulation results provide further insights into the effectiveness of our solution approach and the dynamics of strategic interaction in the context of system security.
Pollay's Pertinent and Impertinent Opinions: “Good” versus “Bad” Research

The final issue of the Journal of Advertising for 1993 contains a series of editorials about tobacco advertising. The series is keyed by Jean Boddewyn with responses from Lawrence Soley and Richard...
A Preliminary Assessment of Mental Health Needs Faced in Religious Leaders in Eastern Europe

Enormous sociopolitical changes in Eastern Europe in the last decade have had a profound impact on the psychological functioning of the citizens of these nations. In order to assess and intervene i...
Ethical Questions and Immunization Status of the Floating Population

The management on EPI in floating children is crucial to current EPI in China.Low immunization coverage rate and high in-cidence occurred in floating children.To solve a great deal of ethical problems faced in EPI in floating children,the following work must be done.Firstly,improve hygiene system,increase government investment and distribute human and material resources rationally.Sec-ondly,strengthen the management on EPI in floating children and propaganda.Lastly,strengthen moral education and form the harmo-nious relations of providers to consumers in immunization activity of the floating population.
Study on Microstructure and Properties of Nano-ZrO_2 Thermal Barrier Coatings Fabricated by Plasma Spraying Technology

The microstructure and properties of nano-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings fabricated by plasma spraying technology were studied using optical microscopy,X-ray diffractometer and tensile testing machine,etc.The experimental results show that nano-ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings have uniform microstructure,which composed of t-ZrO2 phase.The pores in ceramic top layer are almost fine and round,and porosity reaches to 9.6%.The average cohesion strength and average shear strength of coatings reach to 53.83MPa and 26.97MPa,respectively,which increase 63.5% and 50.5% than those of traditional micro ZrO2 thermal barrier coatings.At same time the coatings have better corrosion resistance and hygrothermal resistance.The coatings have whole and cleaning surface without forming no new phases after testing.
Development and Experimentation of Excellent Tourist Destinations Assessment System from Global Perspective

Driven by the rapid development of global tourism industry,different types of tourist destinations are in the effort to achieve excellence in order to enhance their competitiveness for sustainable development. From four aspects namely,functional orientation,type classification,index selection and process design,the authors made an analysis of the development of excellent destination assessment system by World Centre of Excellence for Destinations,and did an experimental test based on the systematic application at seven major global tourist destinations to compare the guiding principles, action mode,barriers to implementation,as well as tourist destinations ' assessment results. value orientations of world excellent tourist destination assessment systems gradually focus on sustainable and feasible tourism in the effort to enhance the comprehensive competitiveness of different types of global tourism destination management. Therefore,it proves good reference value and development prospect.
Determination of Several Quality Characteristics of Brown Rice by Near Infrared Transmission Spectroscopy

Two hundred and sixty-six brown rice samples were scanned with a FOSS TECATOR infratec 1241 grain analyzer and their grain quality characteristics were also determined by traditional methods.Using WINISI software,the models for predicting several grain quality characteristics of brown rice by near infrared transmission spectroscopy(NITS) were developed.The results indicated that the model for protein content prediction was the best,with the corrected standard error of performance SEP(C) being 0.312 and average determination coefficient of validation(RSQ) being 0.956;reasonable accurate models were also obtained for predicting the amylose content,alkali spreading value,transparency and chalky degree.Their SEP(C) were 1.672,0.389,0.034,4.024 and RSQ were 0.745,0.838,0.797,0.714,respectively.The repeatability of the NITS prediction and the application of the developed models in rice breeding program were also discussed.