cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Building consumer relationships in the quick service restaurant industry

ABSTRACTThe quick-service restaurant industry is a significant and growing aspect of the restaurant industry. For long-term success, quick-service restaurants must generate positive relationships with consumers. More specifically, quick-service restaurants need to produce satisfied consumers that ultimately lead to loyalty behaviors toward the restaurant. This article investigates factors that may enhance quick-service restaurant consumer dining satisfaction and behavior intentions. Based upon the findings, quick-service restaurants can improve consumers’ dining satisfaction and future behavioral intentions if they provide food quality, service quality, and an atmosphere that meets or exceeds consumers’ expectations. Implications for developing effective consumer relationships are provided.
Mancos shale and plant community relationships: Field observations

Field observations were made of associated vegetational communities during an extensive programme of collection of Mancos shale samples and derived soils. Vegetative responses in the same climate regime were related to physical and chemical variations of the shale. Sulfuric acid, formed by the oxidation of sulfur compounds, either lowers pH or forms calcium sulfate by alteration of calcium carbonate. Partial dissolution of calcium sulfate results in the formation of sodium sulfate and an ion exchange equilibrium with sodium-dominated smectite is attained. The most mesic vegetation occurs where sandstone fragments cap, or are mixed with, Mancos shale soils. Leaching, and transport of weathered shale also removes inhibitive aspects of the Mancos shale materials and favours good vegetational development.
From Vesey to Pinckney

For the past 240 years, the United States and its numerous citizenry have been wrestling to make meaning of the sentiment of equality and independence of all. Meaning-making is at the heart of a purpose-filled life, and moreover it is at the core of our Great Democratic Experiment.
Acute Low-Dose Caffeine Supplementation Increases Electromyographic Fatigue Threshold in Healthy Men

Morse, JJ, Pallaska, G, Pierce, PR, Fields, TM, Galen, SS, and Malek, MH. Acute low-dose caffeine supplementation increases electromyographic fatigue threshold in healthy men. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3236-3241, 2016-The purpose of this study is to determine whether consumption of a single low-dose caffeine drink will delay the onset of the electromyographic fatigue threshold (EMGFT) in the superficial quadriceps femoris muscles. We hypothesize that the EMGFT values for the caffeine condition will be significantly higher than the EMGFT values for the placebo condition. On separate occasions, 10 physically active men performed incremental single-leg knee-extensor ergometry 1 hour after caffeine (200 mg) or placebo consumption. The EMGFT was determined for each participant for both conditions. The results indicated a significant increase for maximal power output (16%; p = 0.004) and EMGFT (45%; p = 0.004) in the caffeine condition compared with placebo. These findings suggest that acute low-dose caffeine supplementation delays neuromuscular fatigue in the quadriceps femoris muscles.
Use of Biomarkers to Predict Readmission for Congestive Heart Failure.

Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) is a major reason for repeated hospitalizations. Identifying those patients with ADHF at risk for readmission is critical so that preventive interventions can be implemented. Biomarkers such as B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP), high-sensitivity troponin I, and galectin-3 (Gal-3) assessed at discharge may be useful, although their role in predicting short-term readmission is not well defined in the literature. We enrolled and had follow-up data for 101 participants admitted to our facility from April 2013 to March 2015 with a primary diagnosis of ADHF. Gal-3, high-sensitivity troponin I, and BNP were obtained within 48 hours before hospital discharge after management of ADHF. Gal-3 was assessed using 2 commercially available assays. We compared subjects who were and were not readmitted. Discharge BNP was found to be a significant predictor of 30- and 60-day readmission (area under the curve [AUC] 0.69 [p = 0.046], AUC 0.7 [p = 0.005], respectively). The addition of Gal-3 to discharge BNP provided significantly improved prediction of 60-day readmission. Gal-3 alone was found to be a significant predictor of 60-day readmission in patients with preserved ejection fraction (AUC 0.85, p
Change in IgHV Mutational Status of CLL Suggests Origin From Multiple Clones

Abstract Background Fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy-chain variable-region (IgHV) mutational status are used to predict outcome in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although DNA aberrations change over time, IgHV sequences and mutational status are considered stable. Patients and Methods In a retrospective review, 409 CLL patients, between 2008 and 2015, had IgHV analysis: 56 patients had multiple analyses performed. Seven patients' IgHV results changed: 2 from unmutated to mutated and 5 from mutated to unmutated IgHV sequence. Results Three concurrently changed their variable heavy-chain sequence. Secondary to allelic exclusion, 2 of the new variable heavy chains produced were biologically nonplausible. Conclusion The existence of these new nonplausible heavy-chain variable regions suggests either the CLL cancer stem-cell maintains the ability to rearrange a previously silenced IgH allele or more likely that the cancer stem-cell produced at least 2 subclones, suggesting that the CLL cancer stem cell exists before the process of allelic exclusion occurs.
Migration distance, ecological barriers and en‐route variation in the migratory behaviour of terrestrial bird populations

Aim Seasonal migration is a common strategy used by terrestrial birds that breed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Evidence suggests that long-distance migrants have limited flexibility in migratory behaviour during the onset of migration but greater flexibility during the migration journey. Here, we examine how two geographical factors are correlated with en-route flexibility. Due to stronger time-selection pressures, we expected species with longer migration distances to have greater en-route variation, that increases when large ecological barriers to migration are present. Location Western Hemisphere. Methods We estimated annual population-level migration trajectories for 55 terrestrial bird species over 7 years (2009–15) based on occurrence information from eBird. We calculated migration speed and annual variation in migration speed, timing and location. We examined these metrics as a function of migration distance for species in the eastern (n = 41) and western (n = 14) migration flyways. The eastern flyway contains two large ecological barriers to migration, the Gulf of Mexico and the Atlantic Ocean. Results Spring migration speeds exceeded autumn migration speeds in both flyways. Migration speeds were faster in the eastern flyway during both seasons. Annual variation in migration speed increased as migration distances increased in both flyways during both seasons. Annual variation in migration timing and location increased as migration distance increased in the eastern flyway during both seasons. In the western flyway, annual variation in migration timing and location increased as migration distance increased, but only during the autumn migration. Main conclusions Increasing time-selection pressures related to migration distance and ecological barriers were associated with greater en-route variation in migratory behaviour. Variation in migration speed was most consistently associated with variation in migratory behaviour, whereas variation in migration timing and location differed by season and was strongest when large ecological barriers were present. Our results suggest that the capacity to respond to environmental variation during migration increases as migration distances increase.
Infectious Complications of Peritoneal Dialysis in Children with End-Stage Renal Disease

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) affects children of all ages worldwide. During their lifetimes, these children undergo a continuous sequence of renal replacement therapies: hemodialysis (HD), peritoneal dialysis (PD), and transplantation, and consequently, face a significantly shortened life expectancy. Although transplant remains the treatment of choice, 75% of children with ESRD now require treatment with dialysis prior to receiving a kidney transplant, and ultimately, upon allograft failure, will need to return to dialysis. Dialysis is, for that reason, a life-saving therapy for children and adolescents with ESRD, and conditions that complicate or negatively impact dialysis need to be prevented or minimized in this population. With patients on PD, peritonitis is an important cause of morbidity, mortality, and functional failure of the peritoneal membrane and a complication that has been reported to occur more commonly in children than in adults.
Recycled FPGA detection using exhaustive LUT path delay characterization

Field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) have been extensively used because of their lower non-recurring engineering and design costs, instant availability and reduced visibility of failure, high performance and power benefits. Reports indicate that counterfeit FPGAs are infiltrating the IC supply chain, most of which are recycled type (previously used). Counterfeit components pose a significant threat to the government and industrial sectors of the economy because they undermine the security and reliability of the critical systems and networks. Recycled FPGA detection procedures include parametric test, functional test, and burn-in test that requires golden data and/or parts specifications from original component manufacturers. In this work, a sophisticated ring oscillator design method is used to exploit all the possible paths in look-up tables (LUTs). A recycled FPGA is likely to have fully used, partially used, and unused LUTs. The proposed mapping targets all paths of LUTs and forms a frequency array. A support vector machine is trained with frequency array from unused FPGAs, which differentiates between unused and aged FPGAs. An unsupervised method based on k-means clustering is also proposed to classify recycled components without golden information. Simulation and silicon results demonstrate high rates of success using the proposed methods.
Retrospective analysis of gene expression profiling and TTF-1 staining in cancer of unknown primary (CUP).

10579 Background: CUP involves extensive use of immunohistochemical (IHC) stains because no individual marker is highly both site specific or sensitive. IHC algorithms lack standardization and may even eliminate actual primary sites. Extensive validation studies with gene expression profiling (GEP) has shown it be a new diagnostic technique that further contributes tumor site location in CUP. Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) IHC stain is commonly used to identify the pulmonary origin of CUP (particularly adenocarcinoma) and is often used to exclude lung primary in CUP patients. This study evaluates the utility of TTF-1 staining in lung primaries (specifically non-small cell lung carcinoma - NSCLC) of CUP to GEP testing. Methods: This retrospective study contains data obtained from a registry of physicians who received the GEP-based Tissue of Origin (TOO) test (Pathwork Diagnostic, Sunnyvale, CA) between 07/2009 and 12/2009 on CUP cases. Sixty-six physicians contributed 111 TOO test cases. Only cases...
Trimodality therapy for stage II-III carcinoma of the esophagus: A dose-ranging study of concurrent capecitabine, docetaxel, and thoracic radiotherapy.

e14514 Background: This dose escalation study was performed to determine the recommended phase II dose of capecitabine to be delivered concurrently with thoracic radiation therapy and weekly doceta...
From sensing to shaping microbiota: insights into the role of NOD2 in intestinal homeostasis and progression of Crohn’s disease

NOD2 was the first susceptibility gene identified for Crohn’s disease (CD), one of the major forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The field of NOD2 research has opened up many questions criti...
The West Without Water: What Past Floods, Droughts, and Other Climatic Clues Tell Us About Tomorrow

B. Lynn Ingram and Frances Malamud-Roam. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2013. xx and 256 pp., maps, photos, diagrams, biblography, index. $24.95 paper (ISBN 9780520286009), $45.00 cl...
Condensation effects in reactor transients

Some recent results pertinent to condensation as it affects the course of light water reactor transients are reviewed. These include interfacial shear stress, local condensation heat transfer coefficients, and stability of stratified countercurrent steam/water flow. Cold-leg and combined cold- and hot-leg oscillations are also discussed. Some avenues for further research are pointed out.
A new cochliodont anterior tooth plate from the Mississippian of Alabama (USA) having implications for the origin of tooth plates from tooth files

Paleozoic holocephalian tooth plates are rarely found articulated in their original positions. When they are found isolated, it is difficult to associate the small, anterior tooth plates with the larger, more posterior ones. Tooth plates are presumed to have evolved from fusion of tooth files. However, there is little fossil evidence for this hypothesis. We report a tooth plate having nearly perfect bilateral symmetry from the Mississippian (Chesterian Stage) Bangor Limestone of Franklin County, Alabama, USA. The high degree of symmetry suggests that it may have occupied a symphyseal or parasymphyseal position. The tooth plate resembles Deltodopsis? bialveatus St. John and Worthen, 1883, but differs in having a sharp ridge with multiple cusps arranged along the occlusal surface of the presumed labiolingual axis, rather than a relatively smooth occlusal surface. The multicusped shape is suggestive of a fused tooth file. The middle to latest Chesterian (Serpukhovian) age is determined by conodonts found in the same bed. The new tooth plate is interpreted as an anterior tooth plate of a chondrichthyan fish. It is referred to Arcuodus multicuspidatus Itano and Lambert, gen. et sp. nov. Deltodopsis? bialveatus is also referred to Arcuodus.
The Tensor Description of Embedded Surfaces

We have finally arrived at the subject of surfaces. This topic is extraordinarily rich and it lets tensor calculus shine at its brightest. We will focus on two-dimensional surfaces in three-dimensional Euclidean spaces. The Euclidean space in which the surface is embedded is called the ambient space. The analysis presented in this chapter is easily extended to hypersurfaces of any dimension. A hypersurface is a differentiable (n − 1)-dimensional subspace of an n-dimensional space. That is, a hypersurface is characterized by a codimension of 1, codimension being the difference between the dimensions of the ambient and embedded spaces. Curves, the subject of Chap. 13, embedded in the three-dimensional Euclidean space have codimension two.
Introduction to the Guest-Edited Issue

We believe few events in future teachers’ education are more important than their early field experiences, a belief supported by numerous professional associations’ and policymakers’ calls for the ...
Illusory Control as a Function of Motivation for a Specific Outcome in a Chance-Based Situation

Previous research has provided evidence that an individual's need for a chance-based outcome positively affects perceptions of the skill involved in attaining the outcome as well as certainty of winning. Two experiments were conducted to test several competing alternative interpretations for this effect. In Experiment 1, food-satiated (low-need) and food-deprived (high-need) subjects were given the opportunity to win a food incentive in a chance-based card-drawing game either in the presence or absence of situational cues previously shown to induce skill orientations. Skill and confidence-in-winning ratings were found to be positive function of outcome need regardless of the cues condition, thus not supporting an attentional or vigilance interpretation of the general effect. In Experiment 2, food-satiated and food-deprived subjects faced a similar card-drawing game, but this time were given the opportunity to choose whether or not they wanted to be personally involved in various facets of the game (e.g., shuffling the cards). As predicted, high-need subjects showed a greater propensity to want to be personally involved in playing the game, a finding offering support for a “control” interpretation. Overall results are discussed in terms of control theory.
Molecular Dynamics Studies of High Pressure Transformations and Structures

The study of high-pressure transformations and the stability of dense materials has been an active area research for many decades. The change of the structure of a solid when pressurized has yielded many interesting new materials and many new phenomena such as insulator → metal transformations, important effects in high Tc superconductors, and pressure-induced amorphization that yields unique disordered materials. Ten years ago, the application of classical molecular dynamics techniques had already yielded results that provided important insight into materials under high pressure. This was made possible by the constant-pressure method developed by Anderson1 1 and by Parrinello and Rahman2,3 which allows the volume as well as the shape of the simulation cell to change. Another important aspect of these simulation methods was that systems could be studied at finite temperatures. These developments complemented the rapidly developing quantum mechanical methods being used in the solid state physics community to study the stability and structures of solids under pressure4,5. A major advance in the theoretical methods for the study of structural stability and dynamical properties of solids was made with the introduction of the Car-Parrinello method6 for ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). A primary advantage of this method is the fact that a interatomic potential is not a part of the input. The Car-Parrinello method allows the calculation of all of the properties that can be obtained in the classical MD technique but with the important feature that interatomic forces are obtained from a quantum mechanical calculation. The AIMD method has more recently been extended to include Parrinello-Rahman variable cell dynamics7,8 so this method has the capability to describe structural phase changes and stabilities from first-principles. Other variations of constant pressure MD have also been proposed and the basic ideas and capabilities are similar9.
Do Adult Equivalence Scales Matter in Poverty Estimates? A Northern Ghana Case Study and Simulation

We test the sensitivity of per capita expenditures to several methods of per adult equivalent expenditures to control for economies of scale and household composition. Simulation analysis determines the indifference point between per capita expenditures and per adult equivalent measures in order to identify the factors contributing to the dominance of one measure over another. Results indicate that overall poverty and inequality measures in northern Ghana are highly sensitive to the use of equivalence scales. Poverty measures for children and the elderly and in urban and rural areas are also sensitive to equivalence scales. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A little piece of mind: best practices for brain tumor intraoperative consultation.

The workup of the vast majority of brain tumors is initiated at intraoperative consultation. These fresh tumor samples are often quite small and given the nature of the “prime real estate” being sampled, there is never a guarantee that additional tissue will be provided to the responsible pathologist upon request. The 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) Tumors introduced the concept of “integrative diagnoses,” many diagnostic entities now requiring molecular testing in addition to the more routine pathologic workup. Molecular testing relative to targeted therapeutics may also be requested in many circumstances. That said, appropriate preparation for and handling of any potential brain tumor sample at intraoperative consultation is crucial to (1) provide diagnostic information to the operating neurosurgeon that can influence the course of the procedure, and (2) best allow for any necessary ancillary studies purposed for diagnosis and patient care. This review highlights best practices in handling brain tumor intraoperative consultations in this era of expanding required molecular testing. Included is a high-yield overview of ancillary/molecular testing commonly utilized in the workup of infiltrative gliomas, CNS embryonal tumors, and ependymomas, as well as molecular testing to aid in determination of targeted therapeutic options.
Balancing Act: The Equivalent, Political Arithmetic, and Mercantilist Structural Violence

This chapter examines Article XV, on the Equivalent, in detail. Ostensibly a payment to Scotland in compensation for the losses incurred by the Union, the primary documents examined show that this was not the case. An examination of the calculation of the Equivalent demonstrates the influence of political arithmetic and the positive balance concept. Rather than compensation, it is argued that the Equivalent is a refund from Scotland to Scotland for increased taxes that financed England’s pre-Union debts. Debate over the Equivalent in the Scottish Parliament and contemporary opinion is also discussed. Although seeming to be an advantage given to Scotland, the Equivalent is shown to be another instance of mercantilism where the English ministers built a structural advantage for their taxpayers into the reimbursement.
Morphology Control by Pulsed Laser in Chemical Deposition Illustrated in ZnO Crystal Growth

The control of pulsed-laser-induced deposition was studied with the case of ZnO crystallization in a hydrothermal reaction. Crystal orientation, morphologies, and growth rate were observed to vary under different pulsed-laser irradiation conditions. Different energy barriers during nucleation and crystal growth processes were determined by stepped changes of input energy levels of a pulsed laser with the corresponding observations of the states of the material. Therefore, by precisely adjusting the pulsed-laser energy that overcomes a particular energy barrier, ZnO crystals with desired orientation and morphology could be obtained on a seedless substrate in a catalyst-free environment. Crystals varied in morphologies showed different behavior in laser-induced growth, and growth rates were orders of magnitude higher than those of other hydrothermal reactions. By analyzing crystal growth characteristics in the reaction/diffusion-limited region, a set of guidelines were defined to tune the dimensions of ZnO ...
Statistical inference problems in sequential parallel comparison design

ABSTRACTThe sequential parallel comparison designhas recently been considered to solve the problem with high placebo response and the required sample size in the psychiatric clinical trials. One feature with this design is that a difference between the placebo group and the drug group may also arise in the variance–covariance structure of the clinical outcome. Provided the heterogeneity of the second moment, the treatment effect estimation at the second stage can be biased for the entire randomized patient population that includes patient responders. Our work presented here aims at how the coverage probability of the interval estimation of treatment effect performs under the unstructured variance–covariance matrix. The interaction between the truncation after the first stage and the heterogeneity of the second moment causes a substantial coverage probability problem. The type I error probability may not be controlled under the weak null due to this bias. This bias can also cause spurious power evaluation ...
Greek language object representation scene system: a text interface for designing X3D objects and X3D scenes

Creation of 3D objects and scenes is ever an interesting multimedia approach. Even more when design of such object and scenes could be generated automatically using just a text description. In this work, we present a novel approach to a software program for generating 3D objects/scenes from natural language [3, 18, 20] input text in Greek language. The primary aim of this work is to help everyone not familiar with 3D computer design software, to product 3D scenes in a simple way, through an automatic process. This software approach (GLOReSS - Greek Language Object Representation Scene System) uses a scene description expressed with text in Greek language and converts it to X3D objects (graphic objects expressed with X3D - an XML variation) and scenes. Only some basic 3D objects are required since the system can create more complex objects and scenes by using already constructed objects. Our approach utilizes ellipsis resolution [26, 27] for elliptical verb and elliptical prepositional phrases.
Structured Pruning of a BERT-based Question Answering Model

The recent trend in industry-setting Natural Language Processing (NLP) research has been to operate large scale pretrained language models like BERT under strict computational limits. While most model compression work has focused on "distilling" a general-purpose language representation using expensive pretraining distillation, much less attention has been paid to creating smaller task-specific language representations which, arguably, are more useful in an industry setting. In this paper, we investigate compressing BERT- and RoBERTa-based question answering systems by structured pruning of parameters from the underlying trained transformer model. We find that an inexpensive combination of task-specific structured pruning and task-specific distillation, without the expense of pretraining distillation, yields highly-performing models across a range of speed/accuracy tradeoff operating points. We start from full-size models trained for SQuAD 2.0 or Natural Questions and introduce gates that allow selected parts of transformers to be individually eliminated. Specifically, we investigate (1) structured pruning to reduce the number of parameters in each transformer layer, (2) applicability to both BERT- and RoBERTa-based models, (3) applicability to both SQuAD 2.0 and Natural Questions, and (4) combining structured pruning with distillation. We find that pruning a combination of attention heads and the feed-forward layer yields a near-doubling of inference speed on SQuAD 2.0, with less than a 1.5 F1-point loss in accuracy. Furthermore, we find that a combination of distillation and structured pruning almost doubles the inference speed of RoBERTa-large based model for Natural Questions, while losing less than 0.5 F1-point on short answers.
A remarkable vicariant of Gespanna confirmata (= pectoralis ) from Sulawesi (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)

Gespanna amelieae sp. n. from Sulawesi is described. This species is the second member of a hitherto monotypic genus and the first extra-Sundanan one. Despite the close resemblance to G. confirmata (= pectoralis), it can readily be separated from its congener by the different trend of the postmedial line of forewing.
Lifetime of Triplet Photosensitizers in Aerosol Using Time-Resolved Photoelectric Activity

Time-resolved photoelectric activity of aerosol (TPEAA) experiments measure the kinetics of photochemically initiated reactions near the surface of aerosol particles. In the demonstration presented...
2010 A Digital Odyssey: Exploring Document Camera Technology and Computer Self-Efficacy in a Digital Era.

Within the sphere of education, navigating throughout a digital world has become a matter of necessity for the developing professional, as with the advent of Document Camera Technology (DCT). This study explores the pedagogical implications of implementing DCT; to see if there is a relationship between teachers’ comfort with DCT and to the self-efficacy beliefs of teachers. The literature describes our educational system “at risk,” comprised of digital “natives” and “immigrants” each challenged by a culture of “disconnected” digital-kids (DOE, 1999; Prensky, 2001; Levin, 2002). Narrative inquiry thematically analyzes the experience of teachers on the cusp of Technology Integration (TI). Research results indicate positive experiential evidence of DCT integration irrespective of CSE. The battery of teacher experience discloses variance in DCT integration. The “singularity” of DCT integration and the mediation of big-screen-instructional practices were found shifting the paradigm for teacher pedagogy in a digital era (Prensky, 2001).
Asia Looms Over Latin America, Africa, and the Middle East

Thoughtful Latin Americans, Africans, and their peers in the Middle East have a new concern, one unanticipated in the heady post-World War II era. What does Asia’s ascendancy mean for the rest of the poorer countries of the world, those that used to be collectively referred to as the “Third World”? There is admiration and respect for China and India’s stunning growth rates and for their ability to compete with firms from North America, Europe, and Japan. China, India, and other Asian countries such as Vietnam are “sisters”: they, too, have long been poor and trampled upon by wealthy countries. What causes unease, though, is the perception that China—and, in time, India, too—is pinching the poorer countries of the world with two “claws.” First, China has the ability to produce consumer and even capital goods with a cost and quality that other “poor” parts of the world cannot match. Second, China has a voracious demand for basic commodities, for agricultural goods such as soybeans, and for minerals such as oil and copper.
Transitions in State Public Health Law: Comparative Analysis of State Public Health Law Reform Following the Turning Point Model State Public Health Act

Given the public health importance of law modernization, we undertook a comparative analysis of policy efforts in 4 states (Alaska, South Carolina, Wisconsin, and Nebraska) that have considered public health law reform based on the Turning Point Model State Public Health Act. Through national legislative tracking and state case studies, we investigated how the Turning Point Act’s model legal language has been considered for incorporation into state law and analyzed key facilitating and inhibiting factors for public health law reform. Our ﬁndings provide the practice community with a research base tofacilitate further law reform and inform future scholarship on the role of law as a determinant of the public’s health.
Racial Discrimination is Associated with Acute Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Predicts Future Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity in Trauma‐Exposed Black Adults in the United States

In the United States, Black residents exposed to a traumatic event are at an increased risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and experiencing more severe symptoms compared to their non-Hispanic White counterparts. Although previous work has suggested a link between racial discrimination and PTSD symptoms, no studies have assessed this association in a sample of traumatic injury survivors. The current study investigated whether (a) past racial discrimination was associated with acute posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and (b) discrimination prospectively contributed to the prediction of future PTSD symptoms. African American and/or Black patients (N = 113) were recruited from an emergency department in southeastern Wisconsin. Patients in the acute postinjury phase (i.e., 2 weeks posttrauma) completed self-report measures, with PTSD symptoms assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale at 6-month follow-up. Bivariate associations indicated past racial discrimination was significantly related to acute PTSS. A multiple regression analysis revealed that pretrauma exposure to racial discrimination significantly predicted PTSD symptoms at follow-up, even after controlling for age, gender, previous psychiatric diagnosis, social support, and lifetime trauma history. Our results suggest that experiences of racial discrimination add significant additional risk for PTSD symptom development following traumatic injury, R2 = .16, F(6, 106) = 3.25, p = .006. Broadly, these findings add to the body of empirical evidence and personal testimonies of Black individuals in White-centric societies asserting that racial discrimination affects mental health and overall well-being and further highlight the recent call for racism to be classified as a public health crisis.
Romantic relationship status, stress, and maturing out of problematic drinking.

Objective The current study examined the unique influences of romantic relationship status and episodic and chronic stress associated with relationships in predicting changes in alcohol consumption and drinking motivations from college to post-college life. Method Moderate to heavy college student drinkers reported their drinking level and drinking motives using an Internet-based daily diary for 30 days in college and again 5 years later. At the post-college wave, participants also completed a semi-structured phone-based interview to assess romantic relationship stress. Results Multiple regression analysis indicated that chronic relationship stress and relationship dissolution stress were uniquely related to mean daily levels of post-college drinking to cope (DTC) motivation, but not to mean daily levels of enhancement motivation. Some evidence was found for the effect of relationship status, but not stress, on mean daily heavy drinking levels. We also found evidence that chronic stress moderated the effect of relationship dissolution stress, with individuals showing higher mean daily chronic stress levels displaying a stronger positive association between relationship dissolution and post-college DTC motivation. Conclusions Results are discussed in terms of how negative reinforcement processes might be an important mechanism underlying commonly found associations between romantic relationship status and problematic drinking during young adulthood. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
A hierarchical neural model of data prefetching

This paper presents Voyager, a novel neural network for data prefetching. Unlike previous neural models for prefetching, which are limited to learning delta correlations, our model can also learn address correlations, which are important for prefetching irregular sequences of memory accesses. The key to our solution is its hierarchical structure that separates addresses into pages and offsets and that introduces a mechanism for learning important relations among pages and offsets. Voyager provides significant prediction benefits over current data prefetchers. For a set of irregular programs from the SPEC 2006 and GAP benchmark suites, Voyager sees an average IPC improvement of 41.6% over a system with no prefetcher, compared with 21.7% and 28.2%, respectively, for idealized Domino and ISB prefetchers. We also find that for two commercial workloads for which current data prefetchers see very little benefit, Voyager dramatically improves both accuracy and coverage. At present, slow training and prediction preclude neural models from being practically used in hardware, but Voyager’s overheads are significantly lower—in every dimension—than those of previous neural models. For example, computation cost is reduced by 15- 20×, and storage overhead is reduced by 110-200×. Thus, Voyager represents a significant step towards a practical neural prefetcher.
Paradigmatic fronteras: Troubling available design and translanguaging with sticky literacy:

In this article, I explore the paradigmatic boundaries between New Literacy Studies, translanguaging, and posthuman thought around language and literacy. This enquiry began with a recent encounter ...
Toceranib phosphate (Palladia) for the treatment of canine exocrine pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Canine pancreatic carcinoma is a rare, aggressive tumour that is often diagnosed late in the course of disease. Effective treatment strategies have been elusive, and overall survival time is short. In humans, treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors alone, or in combination with IV gemcitabine, have been moderately effective. As canine and human pancreatic carcinomas share many clinical aspects, strategies that mimic human treatment regimens may confer a better outcome in canine patients. The aim of this study was to assess the role of the veterinary tyrosine kinase inhibitor, toceranib phosphate, in the treatment of cytologically or histologically confirmed canine pancreatic carcinomas. Retrospectively, medical records of dogs with confirmed pancreatic carcinoma treated with toceranib were reviewed. Eight dogs were identified that fit the inclusion criteria. Toceranib was well-tolerated by all patients. Six were treated in the gross disease setting. Four had image-based evaluation of clinical benefit (complete response, partial response, or stable disease of > 10 weeks). Of those patients, 1 achieved a partial response, 2 stable disease, and 1 had progressive disease, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 75 %. An additional dog had clinically stable disease that was not confirmed via imaging. The toceranib-specific median overall survival time was 89.5 days (range: 14–506 days). Although limited in patient number, this small study suggests that toceranib may have biologic activity in dogs with pancreatic carcinoma. Larger, prospective studies are needed to confirm these preliminary results and define the use of toceranib in the microscopic disease setting.
Fragile 3D Order in V_{1-x}Mo_{x}O_{2}.

The metal-to-insulator transition in rutile ${\mathrm{VO}}_{2}$ has proven uniquely difficult to characterize because of the complex interplay between electron correlations and atomic structure. Here, we report the discovery of the sudden collapse of three-dimensional order in the low-temperature phase of ${\mathrm{V}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{Mo}}_{x}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ at $x=0.17$ and the emergence of a novel frustrated two-dimensional order at $x=0.19$, with only a slight change in electronic properties. Single crystal diffuse x-ray scattering reveals that this transition from the 3D $M1$ phase to a 2D variant of the $M2$ phase results in long-range structural correlations along symmetry-equivalent ($11L$) planes of the tetragonal rutile structure, yet extremely short-range correlations transverse to these planes. These findings suggest that this two dimensionality results from a novel form of geometric frustration that is essentially structural in origin.
Credentialing and Patient Safety in Robotic Gynecologic Surgery: Changes over the Last Nine Years

Study Objective To assess how credentialing standards and perceptions of safe use of robotic surgery in gynecology have changed over time. Design Two anonymous online surveys conducted in 2012 and 2021. Setting ACGME approved residency programs. Patients or Participants Trainees (residents and fellows) and attending physicians. Interventions Survey. Measurements and Main Results A total of 367 physicians responded to the survey; 265 in 2012 and 102 in 2021. Distributions of responses were compared using the Fisher exact test and percentage-based statistics. 89% of 2021 respondents compared to 30% of 2012 respondents reported having the robot at their institution for >5 years. The average number of robotic cases performed increased over time, with only 19% performing >5 cases monthly in 2012 compared to 35% in 2021. 100% of attending respondents in 2021 reported having formalized credentialing processes for robotic surgery compared to 70% in 2012. The percentage of attendings performing bedside assisting prior to console work increased from 46% to 79%. Attendings report of institutional minimum case number requirements to maintain robotic credentials increased from 27% to 90%, with the majority (76%) reporting 10-20 cases needed annually. When asked about beliefs about the number of cases needed for surgical independence, trainees and attendings reported higher numbers in 2021; the percentage reporting >20 cases were required for independence increased from 58% to 93% and 29% to 70%, respectively. Trainees and attendings increased their rate of reporting that attendings are always fully independent and competent (52% to 69% and 51% to 68%, respectively) and decreased their rate of reporting that those doing robotic cases lacked the skills to do so safely (54% to 6% and 30% to 21%, respectively). Notably, nearly a quarter of attending surgeons still reported they had colleagues who lacked skills to consistently perform safe robotic surgery in 2021. Conclusion Expansion of credentialing processes over time correlated with improved confidence in surgeon skills.
Sexual dimorphism and allometry in the sphecophilous rove beetle Triacrus dilatus

The rove beetle Triacrus dilatus is found in the Atlantic forest of South America and lives in the refuse piles of the paper wasp Agelaia vicina. Adults of T. dilatus are among the largest rove beetles, frequently measuring over 3 cm, and exhibit remarkable variation in body size. To examine sexual dimorphism and allometric relationships we measured the length of the left mandible, ocular distance and elytra. We were interested in determining if there are quantifiable differences between sexes, if there are major and minor forms within each sex and if males exhibit mandibular allometry. For all variables, a t-test was run to determine if there were significant differences between the sexes. Linear regressions were run to examine if there were significant relationships between the different measurements. A heterogeneity of slopes test was used to determine if there were significant differences between males and females. Our results indicated that males had significantly larger mandibles and ocular distances than females, but the overall body length was not significantly different between the sexes. Unlike most insects, both sexes showed positive linear allometric relationships for mandible length and head size (as measured by the ocular distance). We found no evidence of major and minor forms in either sex.
Finding Time for Democracy: Towards a Theory of Political Equality Over Time

This paper tries to develop an understanding of the requirements of political equality - equality in political rule - by investigating what it might mean for citizens to be politically equal over time. I argue that this investigation casts serious doubt on any approach which takes political equality to amount to the equal distribution of voting power or influence. Such distributive approaches cannot appropriately accommodate the fact that the process of collective decision-making is extended over time, and that such processes are constantly repeated. Instead of a distributive approach, I argue, we need to develop an account of what it means for a citizen to have a "fair hearing" over the course of an extended decision-making process. Such an account will necessarily draw on theories of good democratic representation and good democratic deliberation. Political equality requires that constitutional orders be designed to promote good representation and deliberation - to promote "fair hearings" for all citizens. Such orders would better serve citizens' interests in equal rule over time than institutions with the narrower mandate of distributing some metric of political power equally at individual moments.
Target tracking by neural network maneuver modeling

A new approach to tracking a maneuvering target using a neural network-based scheme is developed. The neural network models the target manoeuvre and assists a Kalman filter in updating its gains in order to generate correct estimates of target position and velocity. A performance evaluation of the target tracking scheme is conducted under various interesting scenarios. The parallel processing capabilities of trained neural nets are exploited in this application for realistically handling more input features to correct for the bias induced by the target manoeuvre. >
A subsurface flow of material from the Sun's equator to its poles

Gas on the Sun's surface has been observed1,2,3,4 to flow away from the equator towards both poles. If the same flow persists to great depths, it could play an important dynamical role in the eleven-year sunspot cycle, by carrying the magnetic remnants of the sunspots to high latitudes5. An even deeper counterflow, which would be required to maintain mass balance, could explain why new sunspots form at lower latitudes as the cycle progresses6. These deep flows would also redistribute angular momentum within the Sun, and therefore help to maintain the faster rotation of the equator relative to the poles7. Here we report the detection, using helioseismic tomography, of the longitude-averaged subsurface flow in the outer 4% of the Sun. We find that the subsurface flow is approximately constant in this depth range, and that the speed is similar to that seen on the surface. This demonstrates that the surface flow penetrates deeply, so that it is likely to be an important factor in solar dynamics.
Dynamics of Transmission Provision in a Competitive PowerIndustry

The main objective of this paper is to revisit the operations and planning of an electric power system, and, more specifically, of its transmission system. The intent is to formulate the underlying problems as decision-making problems with specific performance objectives. Once this is done, it becomes possible to identify open research questions on this subject, including their dependence on the overall industry structure.
Using industry-grade test equipment in a digital test and product engineering lab course

This paper presents a new digital test and product engineering course targeted to undergraduate seniors and master's-level graduate students. Through industrial guided labs, students were able to gain hands-on experience using an industry-grade automatic tester (ATE). Students indicated that the course provided an integration of many of the concepts from their digital core courses, and contributed to the development of skills essential to careers in test engineering or elsewhere.
The Role of Social Support in Adult Day Services Utilization

Abstract Using an administrative data set (N =129), this exploratory study examines individual and environmental factors that discriminate the reasons for disenrollment from five medical/social adult day health programs in Central Ohio. The social ecological model is used to identify pertinent variables and to test the “goodness of fit” between participants and adult day services. Because most older adults prefer to live in the community until the end of their lives, those participants who disenroll into a nursing facility or no longer need services are not considered a good fit compared to those who remain enrolled until death. A multinomial logistic regression was used to determine the influence of each variable on the likelihood of disenrollment due to death, institutionalization, or opting out of services. Being married and having an immediate family member as a primary caregiver both made a significant contribution to the reason for disenrolling from the adult day programs. The findings suggest socia...
Regulation of enzymes involved in the conversion of tryptophan to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in a colorless strain of Xanthomonas pruni.

A colorless strain of Xanthomonas pruni was isolated which is capable of converting tryptophan to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). The enzymes responsible for the conversion of tryptophan to quinolinic acid were shown to be present. Nicotinic acid-requiring mutants were isolated, and it was found that the growth of these mutants can be supported by various intermediates on the pathway from tryptophan to NAD. The first three enzymes on this pathway are induced coordinately by l-tryptophan. Gratuitous inducers of these enzymes include d-tryptophan, α-methyl-dl-tryptophan, and 4-methyl-dl-tryptophan; formyl-l-kynurenine and l-kynurenine were not effective as inducers. These data suggest that at least the first three enzymes in the pathway from tryptophan to NAD are under common regulatory control.