cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parental rank and reproductive success of natal rhesus males

Abstract In primates, the relationship between the ranks of parents and those of their sons has not been studied systematically, yet it has important implications for sociobiological theories. The influence of parents' ranks upon the ranks and reproductive success of their sons who remain and breed within their natal group was tested in two captive groups of rhesus macaques, Macaca mulatta . Paternity exclusion analyses revealed that both the rank and reproductive success of natal males were strongly associated with their mothers', but not their fathers', ranks. The ranks of natal males were also significantly correlated with their own reproductive success. However, this correlation was not nearly as strong as the correlation between the ranks and reproductive success of the fathers of these natal males. This difference was associated with a decline in reproductive success, but not in rank, of some founding males after natal males reached sexual maturity, and might result from an age bias in mating and/or the increase in the ratio of adult males to females. Although the reproductive advantage enjoyed by sons of high-ranking mothers prior to dispersal from their natal groups might be of evolutionary significance, it is important to determine whether or not this advantage persists after dispersal.
NMR Mapping of PCNA Interaction with Translesion Synthesis DNA Polymerase Rev1 Mediated by Rev1-BRCT Domain

Rev1 is a Y-family translesion synthesis (TLS) DNA polymerase involved in bypass replication across sites of DNA damage and postreplicational gap filling. In the process of TLS, high-fidelity replicative DNA polymerases stalled by DNA damage are replaced by error-prone TLS enzymes responsible for the majority of mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells. The polymerase exchange that gains low-fidelity TLS polymerases access to DNA is mediated by their interactions with proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA). Rev1 stands alone from other Y-family TLS enzymes since it lacks the consensus PCNA-interacting protein box (PIP-box) motif, instead utilizing other modular domains for PCNA binding. Here we report solution NMR structure of an 11-kDa BRCA1 C-terminus (BRCT) domain from Saccharomyces cerevisiae Rev1 and demonstrate with the use of transverse relaxation optimized spectroscopy (TROSY) NMR methods that Rev1-BRCT domain directly interacts with an 87-kDa PCNA in solution. The domain adopts α/β fold (β1-α1-β2-β3-α2-β4-α3-α4) typical for BRCT domain superfamily. PCNA-binding interface of the Rev1-BRCT domain comprises conserved residues of the outer surface of the α1-helix and the α1-β1, β2-β3 and β3-α2 loops. On the other hand, Rev1-BRCT binds to the inter-domain region of PCNA that overlaps with the binding site for the PIP-box motif. Furthermore, Rev1-BRCT domain bound to PCNA can be displaced by increasing amounts of the PIP-box peptide from TLS DNA polymerase polη, suggesting that Rev1-BRCT and polη PIP-box interactions with the same PCNA monomer are mutually exclusive. These results provide structural insights into PCNA recognition by TLS DNA polymerases that help better understand TLS regulation in eukaryotes.
What is the solution for clinical nurse educators and the electronic medical record

Abstract Health care facilities are implementing the electronic medical record for a variety of reasons. The purpose of this article will summarize the challenges nurse educators and students face as a result of recent changes in documentation. A review of literature revealed impacting technology, curriculum considerations, ethical considerations, and economic influences evolving from these changes. The summarized data is presented along with possible solutions as increased technology enters the clinical setting.
Strategic issue identification among agribusiness firms.

Identification of strategic issues is a key managerial task. This study reports on an exploratory survey effort to identify strategic issues as perceived by managers of a diverse sample of agribusiness firms. The results suggest that both strategic management and strategic issue identification are important to agricultural managers. In general there was considerable commonality of interest expressed relative to individual strategic issues. However, the existence of key differences in concern were documented based on structural characteristics of the firm.
Classification of five pedons near Afgoi, Somalia

Abstract Five pedons representing the major soils on the Central Agricultural Research Station located on the Shabelle River floodplain near Afgoi (Somalia) were described and sampled. The samples were analyzed for particle-size distribution, pH, calcium carbonate equivalent, electrical conductivity and sodium adsorption ratio. According to Soil Taxonomy, three pedons were classified as Udic Chromusterts, very fine, isohyperthermic; one as a Udic Chromustert, fine isohyperthermic; and one as a Typic Ustifluvent, fine-loamy isohyperthermic. Four of the pedons were classified as Chromic Vertisols and the fifth as a Calearic Fluvisol according to legend of the FAO-Unesco soil map of the world.
The hydrology of marsh‐ridden areas

The Symposium was convened by Unesco (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) and organized in cooperation with the government of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic, with the support of the International Association of Scientific Hydrology. Technical sessions were held in the Intourist Conference Hall of the Hotel Jubileinaya in Minsk, the Capital of Byelorussia (White Russia). The Symposium was organized within the framework of the International Hydrological Decade. It was intended to bring together specialists working in the field of hydrological problems in marsh-ridden areas of the temperate zone to exchange experience at an international level and take account of present knowledge in the field. It should be pointed out that the Symposium was not limited to marshes as Americans think of them but dealt with all types of wetland situations including peatlands. In Soviet literature the term ‘marshes’ is somewhat synonymous with ‘wetlands,’ whereas American scientists generally consider marshes to be a specific type of wetland, i.e., grassy wet places, usually with little peat and much standing or slowly moving water.
The Use of Near-Infrared and Microwave Resonance Sensing to Monitor a Continuous Roller Compaction Process

Roller compaction is commonly used in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries to increase and narrow the size distribution of a particulate material, making it easier to process. Both the moisture content of the material and the density of the roller compacted ribbon affect the uniformity and physical properties of the resultant granules. Without process analytical technologies, these parameters cannot be determined on-line or in real time. In this study, the more commonly used near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was compared and contrasted with microwave resonance for the determination of roller-compacted ribbons' envelope density and moisture content. Results indicate that microwave resonance can offer improved accuracy, robustness, and ease-of-use compared with NIR spectroscopy for these property measurements.
EXISTENCE OF A BOSE METAL AT T=0

This paper aims to justify the existence of a two-dimensional Bose metal, i.e., a metallic phase made out of Cooper pairs at $T=0.$ To this end, we consider the physics of quantum phase fluctuations in (granular) superconductors in the absence of disorder and emphasize the role of two order parameters in the problem, viz. phase order and charge order. We focus on the two-dimensional (2D) Bose Hubbard model in the limit of very large fillings, i.e., a 2D array of Josephson junctions. We find that the algebra of phase fluctuations is that of the Euclidean group ${E}_{2}$ in this limit, and show that the model is equivalent to two coupled $\mathrm{XY}$ models in $(2+1)$ dimensions, one corresponding to the phase degrees of freedom, and the other to the charge degrees of freedom. The Bose metal, then, is the phase in which both these degrees of freedom are disordered (as a result of quantum frustration). We analyze the model in terms of its topological excitations and suggest that there is a strong indication that this state represents a surface of critical points, akin to the gapless spin liquid states. We find a remarkable consistency of this scenario with certain low-${T}_{c}$ thin film experiments.
A Species-Specific Approach to the Use of Non-Antimony Treatments for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis

We used a species-specific approach to treat 10 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction. Non-antimony treatments (oral miltefosine, ketoconazole, and liposomal amphotericin B) were chosen as an alternative to pentavalent antimony drugs based on likely or proven drug efficacy against the infecting species. Leishmania Viannia panamensis was diagnosed in three patients and treated successfully with oral ketoconazole. Miltefosine treatment cured two patients with L. infantum chagasi. A wide variety of Leishmania responded to liposomal amphotericin B administered for 5-7 days. Three patients with L. V. braziliensis, one patient with L. tropica, and two patients with L. infantum chagasi were treated successfully. One person with L. V. braziliensis healed slowly because of a resistant bacterial superinfection, and a second patient with L. infantum chagasi relapsed and was retreated with miltefosine. These drugs were reasonably well-tolerated. In this limited case series, alternative non-antimony-based regimens were convenient, safe, and effective.
All you need is … resources: The effects of justice and support on burnout and turnover

We propose and test a comprehensive model of burnout, as influenced by justice and support, and as it impacts the turnover process. Deriving our conceptual model from conservation of resources theory, augmented by several domain-specific theories, we investigate three forms of justice (distributive, procedural, and interactional justice) and two sources of support (from organizations and supervisors) as they influence the development of three dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and diminished accomplishment) and subsequent forms of attitudinal withdrawal (organizational commitment and turnover intentions) and behavioral withdrawal (turnover). In a study of 343 social workers, our theoretical path model was well-supported, providing increased understanding of the distinct roles of each form of justice and support in the development of burnout and the subsequent turnover process. Theoretical contributions and implications in the areas of justice, burnout, and turnover are discussed.
Aneurysm geometry in predicting the risk of rupture. A review of the literature

The management of unruptured aneurysms (UAs), whose incidence is increasing, is still a controversial issue. Many studies have been investigating the link between the geometry of the aneurysm and the risk of future rupture in order to bring forth a clear decision plan. The different estimators studied are the aneurysm’s geometry and hemodynamic features on one hand, and the patient’s clinical characteristics on the other. We reviewed the literature while focusing on the different geometrical parameters that have been used in estimating the future risk of rupture. These include mainly the size ratio (SR), the aspect ratio, the non-sphericity index (NI), the undulation index (UI), and the vessel aneurysm inclination angle (AA), to name a few.
Reflex reciprocal facilitation of antagonist muscles in spinal cord injury.

Electromyographic study in complete and incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). To examine the changes in the pattern of reciprocal inhibition between agonist and antagonist muscles in SCI. Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, IL, USA. Tendon taps were delivered manually with an instrumented hammer to the tendons of the tibialis anterior and soleus muscle in positions of full-ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion in eight subjects with complete SCI and eight subjects with incomplete SCI. Electromyographic activity (EMG) was recorded from ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscles. Tapping force was also recorded by a force sensor mounted to the tendon hammer, indicating the stimulus onset. Measures of reflex EMG magnitude and reflex latency were obtained for both agonist and antagonist muscles. The ratio of antagonist to agonist EMG was computed based on normalized EMG. Substantial reflex responses occurred in both the stretched muscle and in its antagonist. The reflex in antagonist, which we term ‘reciprocal facilitation (RF)’, was most evident in subjects with incomplete SCI. The magnitude of RF was consistently greater than reflex responses in agonist muscles under all test conditions. The latency of the RF was comparable to that of monosynaptic reflex response. Following SCI, reciprocal organization of segmental reflexes at the ankle is often partially or completely suppressed, allowing reflex activation in antagonist muscles to be manifested. Possible mechanisms underlying these changes in neural organization are discussed. This study was supported by Spinal Cord Research Foundation, the Paralyzed Veterans of America.
Responses to pulsatile subretinal electric stimulation: effects of amplitude and duration

In working to improve the quality of visual percepts elicited by retinal prosthetics, considerable effort has been made to understand how retinal neurons respond to electric stimulation. Whereas responses arising from direct activation of retinal ganglion cells have been well studied, responses arising through indirect activation (e.g., secondary to activation of bipolar cells) are not as well understood. Here, we used cell-attached, patch-clamp recordings to measure the responses of rabbit ganglion cells in vitro to a wide range of stimulus-pulse parameters (amplitudes: 0–100 μA; durations: 0.1–50 ms), applied to a 400-μm-diameter, subretinal-stimulating electrode. The indirect responses generally consisted of multiple action potentials that were clustered into bursts, although the latency and number of spikes within a burst were highly variable. When different parameter pairs representing identical charge levels were compared, the shortest pulse durations generally elicited the most spikes. In addition, latencies were shortest, and jitter was lowest for short pulses. These findings suggest that short pulses are optimum for activation of presynaptic neurons, and therefore, short pulses are more effective for both direct as well as indirect activation.
Developing smart and real-time demand response mechanism for residential energy consumers

This paper investigates how to develop a real-time demand response strategy from the consumer's perspective through a computational experiment approach. Typical conventional demand response methods are reviewed and their shortcomings are analyzed. Then, a smart demand response mechanism is proposed for potential real-time demand response implementation. An integrative computing platform that combines the home energy simulator and MatLab together is used for demand response development and evaluation. The proposed smart demand response mechanism is adaptive to weather and seasonal changes, which makes the optimal real-time demand response method more effective. The real-time demand response strategy is compared with conventional demand response strategies through the computational experiment technique. Case studies are conducted by considering home energy consumption, dynamic electricity pricing schemes, and demand response methods.
ORIENTATIONAL SUPERLATTICES FORMED BY CUPT-ORDERED ZINC-BLENDE SEMICONDUCTOR ALLOYS

We performed a systematic study on a nonconventional semiconductor heterostructure{emdash}{ital orientational superlattices} (OSL{close_quote}s){emdash}based on CuPt-ordered zinc-blende alloys. Instead of the band offset in conventional superlattices, it is the discontinuity in the angular momentum which brings about the superlattice effects in orientational superlattices. Valence-band structures of five polytypes of OSL{close_quote}s formed by CuPt-ordered GaInP{sub 2} layers have been classified according to their symmetries and calculated numerically by using the envelope-function approximation for structures with different periods, ratios of layer thickness, and degree of order. On one hand, features similar to those in conventional superlattices{emdash}wave-function modulation, band-gap modification, and the formation of subbands and minigaps{emdash}can be achieved purely from an orientational alternation of the semiconductor layers. On the other hand, the dependence of energy levels on layer thickness and the wave-function distributions in OSL{close_quote}s are distinct from that in conventional superlattices. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Obesity, metabolic health, and the risk of end-stage renal disease

Obesity is associated with chronic kidney disease progression. Whether metabolic risk factors modify this association is unclear. Here we examined associations of body mass index (BMI) and metabolic health with risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in the Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS) study. Among 21,840 participants eligible for analysis, 247 developed ESRD (mean follow-up of 6.3 years). Metabolic health significantly modified the association of BMI with ESRD. In models stratified by the presence or absence of the metabolic syndrome and adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors, higher BMI was associated with lower risk of ESRD in those without (hazard ratio per 5 kg/m2 increase in BMI 0.70, 95% CI 0.52, 0.95) but not those with (hazard ratio, 1.06) the metabolic syndrome. In models stratified by weight and metabolic health, compared with normal weight (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2) participants without the metabolic syndrome the overweight individuals (BMI 25–29.9) and obese individuals (BMI of 30 or more) with the metabolic syndrome had greater risk of ESRD (hazard ratios of 2.03 and 2.29, respectively), whereas obesity without the metabolic syndrome was associated with lower risk of ESRD (hazard ratio 0.47). Thus, higher BMI is associated with lower ESRD risk in those without but not those with the metabolic syndrome.
New surface states of an unrelaxed (110) surface

Abstract Electronic densities of states are calculated using a simple tight binding model for an unrelaxed (110) surface of Ge and GaAs prototypes. New surface states for Ge and GaAs prototypes are found near the bottom of the valence bands.
Greater tooth-brushing frequency, fluoride supplement use, and tap water fluoride concentrations above 0.7 mg/L are risk factors for dental fluorosis.

Original Article Bottenberg P, Declerck D, Ghidey W, Bogaerts K, Vanobbergen J, Martens L. Prevalence and determinants of enamel fluorosis in Flemish schoolchildren. Caries Res 2004;38(1):20-8. Level of Evidence 2b Question What are the relationships between exposures to various fluoride sources and dental fluorosis? Source of Funding Industry: Lever-Elida, Brussels Type of Study/Design Cohort study (or could be considered Prevalence/Cross Sectional Study)
Observations on several factors influencing the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia in broiler chickens.

Abstract The effects of age vs. diet, potassium level, tetramethylthiuram disulfide (thiuram), and ionophores in the diet on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers was investigated. Changing broiler chicks from a diet that induced tibial dyschondroplasia to one that reduced the disease or vice versa caused a change in the incidence in the direction of the last-fed diet; however, in most cases the chicks did not develop as low or high an incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia as the birds fed the reducing or inducing diet, respectively, for the entire experimental period. Potassium supplementation of a corn-soybean meal diet that contained .88% potassium had no effect on the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. However, supplementation of a low potassium (.3%) corn-corn gluten meal-animal protein diet with potassium increased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. The addition of thiuram to the diet caused an increase in tibial dyschondroplasia. When thiuram was added to the tibial dyschondroplasia-inducing diet, it also caused a decrease in bone ash and in the total and ultrafilterable plasma calcium. A significant negative correlation was obtained between incidence and score of tibial dyschondroplasia and bone ash of the ends and middles of the tibia when thiuram was fed. No consistent effects of the ionophores monensin and lasalocid on the development of tibial dyschondroplasia in broilers was noted in three experiments, although significant effects of the ionophores on the incidence or score of the disease was observed in two experiments.
Early vs late intraoperative administration of tropisetron for the prevention of nausea and vomiting in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy.

Summary Background: Tropisetron is a long-acting 5HT3 receptor antagonist and was shown to be effective in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after tonsillectomy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of early vs late intraoperative administration of tropisetron with regard to prevention of PONV during the first 48 h after extubation. Methods: In a randomized double-blind study, we investigated 120 children aged 1–12 years undergoing general anesthesia for tonsillectomy or adenotonsillectomy. Patients received 0.1 mg·kg−1 tropisetron (maximum 2 mg) immediately after inhalational induction (early) and establishment of intravenous access or after the end of surgery before extubation (late). PONV and the need for antiemetic rescue medications were recorded within the following 48 h. Patient data were analyzed using t-test, chi-squared test (significance level of α = 0.05) and Spearman rank correlation test. Results: The overall incidence of vomiting was 55.3%, with 60% (36/60) in the early treatment and 51.6% (31/60) in the late treatment group (P = 0.46). The observed time course 48 h postoperatively showed no difference regarding the number of vomiting episodes between the two groups and the need for antiemetic rescue medication. The incidence of nausea was higher in the late application group in the first 6 h after extubation (P = 0.001) and higher in the early application group between 24 and 48 h after extubation (P = 0.02). Morphine and the age over 3 years had a strong influence on the incidence of vomiting. Conclusion: The intraoperative time point (early vs late) of intravenous administration of a single prophylactic dose of tropisetron has no impact on the incidence of PONV during the first 48 h after tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy in children.
Poiseuille Flow of Nematic Liquid Crystals

Abstract We study flow phenomena of nematic liquid crystals with variable degree of orientation. There are three non-dimensional parameters, the Ericksen number, the Reynolds number and the Interface number that are very relevant in determining the flow behavior. We establish a dissipative relation for the governing system that holds for general flow domains. In the case of plane Poiseuille flow, we study the well-posedness of the governing system of differential equations. We discuss stationary configurations with many defects that are due to the large Ericksen number of the flow. We also present numerical simulations of the boundary value problem for the stationary system.
Study of power generating implantable electrodes

Approximately 50–75 μW (microwatts) of electrical power can be obtained from an implantable platinum-black aluminum electrochemical cell. The implantations have been conducted in twelve rabbits for periods up to 200 days. The intensity of the initial tissue reaction and accumulation of insoluble aluminum oxidation products appear to be the factors limiting useful power available.
EPISTEMIC INJUSTICE IN THE SPACE OF REASONS

In this paper, I make explicit some implicit commitments to realism and conceptualism in recent work in social epistemology exemplified by Miranda Fricker and Charles Mills. I offer a survey of recent writings at the intersection of social epistemology, feminism, and critical race theory, showing that commitments to realism and conceptualism are at once implied yet undertheorized in the existing literature. I go on to offer an explicit defense of these commitments by drawing from the epistemological framework of John McDowell, demonstrating the relevance of the metaphor of the “space of reasons” for theorizing and criticizing instances of epistemic injustice. I then point out how McDowell’s own view requires expansion and revision in light of Mills' concept of “epistemologies of ignorance.” I conclude that, when their strengths are used to make up for each others' weaknesses, Mills and McDowell’s positions mutually reinforce one another, producing a powerful model for theorizing instances of systematic ignorance and false belief.
Conceptualizing clinical practice evaluation: Historical trends and current issues

Abstract This article examines how practice evaluation and psychotherapy research have been conceptualized and enacted in social work and closely allied fields over the past 100 years. Four distinct periods are identified, each with a different professional focus, and specific educational and fiscal challenges; Several questions regarding the fit between social work's person‐in‐environment perspective and both past and present approaches to practice evaluation are addressed. A series of issues regarding practice evaluation methodologies are also identified in order to explore how practice evaluation and psychotherapy research are, or are not, useful to the practitioner. A number of challenges facing practice evaluation in the near future are defined.
Melanosomal dynamics assessed with a live-cell fluorescent melanosomal marker.

Melanocytes present in skin and other organs synthesize and store melanin pigment within membrane-delimited organelles called melanosomes. Exposure of human skin to ultraviolet radiation (UV) stimulates melanin production in melanosomes, followed by transfer of melanosomes from melanocytes to neighboring keratinocytes. Melanosomal function is critical for protecting skin against UV radiation, but the mechanisms underlying melanosomal movement and transfer are not well understood. Here we report a novel fluorescent melanosomal marker, which we used to measure real-time melanosomal dynamics in live human epidermal melanocytes (HEMs) and transfer in melanocyte-keratinocyte co-cultures. A fluorescent fusion protein of Ocular Albinism 1 (OA1) localized to melanosomes in both B16-F1 cells and HEMs, and its expression did not significantly alter melanosomal distribution. Live-cell tracking of OA1-GFP-tagged melanosomes revealed a bimodal kinetic profile, with melanosomes exhibiting combinations of slow and fast movement. We also found that exposure to UV radiation increased the fraction of melanosomes exhibiting fast versus slow movement. In addition, using OA1-GFP in live co-cultures, we monitored melanosomal transfer using time-lapse microscopy. These results highlight OA1-GFP as a specific and effective melanosomal marker for live-cell studies, reveal new aspects of melanosomal dynamics and transfer, and are relevant to understanding the skin’s physiological response to UV radiation.
The p53–Mdm2–HAUSP complex is involved in p53 stabilization by HAUSP

The ubiquitin-specific protease HAUSP is a critical component of the p53-Mdm2 pathway by acting as a specific deubiquitinase for both p53 and Mdm2. Recent structural studies have indicated that p53 and Mdm2 bind to the N-terminal TRAF-like domain of HAUSP in a mutually exclusive manner. To understand the mechanism of HAUSP-mediated effects, we have created a p53 mutant that lacks HAUSP binding based on the crystal structure analysis. Indeed, this mutant p53 protein can be degraded by Mdm2 but fails to interact with HAUSP both in vitro and in vivo. Surprisingly, however, we have found that direct interaction between HAUSP and p53 is not absolutely required for it to antagonize efficiently Mdm2-mediated ubiquitination of p53 and that HAUSP is capable of enzymatically functioning in trans on p53 by using Mdm2 as a bridge. Further, we show that a trimeric protein complex containing p53, Mdm2 and HAUSP can exist in vivo, despite mutually exclusive binding, with Mdm2 serving as a binding mediator for p53 and HAUSP. These findings reveal the complication of HAUSP-mediated effects in the p53-Mdm2 interplay. It also has important implications for the development of novel chemotherapeutic compounds aimed at blocking this protein-protein interaction.
The Center for Global Geography Education's Case Studies: Invitation for Interaction

As the hallmark of the Center for Global Geography Education (CGGE), the case studies represent the core of spatial thinking and methods of geographic analysis. The importance of being written by i...
Concussion Management in United States College Sports Compliance With National Collegiate Athletic Association Concussion Policy and Areas for Improvement

Background:In 2010, the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) adopted its Concussion Policy and Legislation, which applies to more than 450,000 collegiate athletes annually. To date, there has been no examination of school-level compliance with the NCAA Concussion Policy.Purpose:To examine whether stakeholders at NCAA schools report that their school has a concussion management plan and whether existing plans are consistent with the NCAA policy. Also examined were stakeholders’ perceptions regarding concussion management at their institution and possible areas for improvement.Study Design:Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:Surveys were sent by e-mail to coaches, sports medicine clinicians, and compliance administrators at all 1066 NCAA member institutions. Surveys asked population-specific questions about institutional concussion management. Individuals (N = 2880) from 907 unique schools participated in this survey.Results:Most respondents (n = 2607; 92.7%) indicated their schoo...
Three-dimensional macroporous calcium phosphate bioceramics with nested chitosan sponges for load-bearing bone implants.

Three-dimensional macroporous calcium phosphate bioceramics embedded with porous chitosan sponges were synthesized to produce composite scaffolds with high mechanical strength and a large surface/volume ratio for load-bearing bone repairing and substitutes. The macroporous calcium phosphate bioceramics with pore diameters of 300 microm to 600 microm were developed using a porogen burnout technique, and the chitosan sponges were formed inside the pores of the bioceramics by first introducing chiosan solution into the pores followed by a freeze-drying process. Our scanning electron microscopy results showed that the pore size of chitosan sponges formed inside the macroporous structure of bioceramics was approximately 100 microm, a structure favorable for bone tissue in-growth. The compressive modulus and yield stress of the composite scaffolds were both greatly improved in comparison with that of HA/beta-TCP scaffolds. The simulated body fluid (SBF) and cell culture experiments were conducted to assess the bioactivity and biocompatibility of the scaffolds. In the SBF tests, a layer of randomly oriented needle-like apatite crystals formed on the scaffold surface after sample immersion in SBF, which suggested that the composite material has good bioactivity. The cell culture experiments showed that MG63 osteoblast cells attached to the composite scaffolds, proliferated on the scaffold surface, and migrated onto the pore walls, indicating good cell biocompatibility of the scaffold. The cell differentiation on the composite scaffolds was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assay. Compared with the control in tissue culture dishes, the cells had almost the same ALP activity on the composite scaffolds during the first 11 days of culture.
Drug inhibitable ecto-ATPase in leukocytes

In rat leukocytes, the total ATP-hydrolyzing activity was highest when determined in cells with an intact plasma membrane. The ecto-ATPase, exhibiting a Km for ATP of 0.3 mM, was inhibited 30% by sulfhydryl reagents, whereas dinitrophenol, oligomycin or Ca2+ had little or no effect. The ouabain inhibitable, Na, K-activated component amounted to 7% of the total ATPase activity in leukocytes. A major characteristic of the ecto-ATPase was its marked inhibition by micromolar concentrations of both phenothiazine tranquilizers and tricyclic antidepressants.
The Smartphone Psychology Manifesto

By 2025, when most of today's psychology undergraduates will be in their mid-30s, more than 5 billion people on our planet will be using ultra-broadband, sensor-rich smartphones far beyond the abilities of today's iPhones, Androids, and Blackberries. Although smartphones were not designed for psychological research, they can collect vast amounts of ecologically valid data, easily and quickly, from large global samples. If participants download the right "psych apps," smartphones can record where they are, what they are doing, and what they can see and hear and can run interactive surveys, tests, and experiments through touch screens and wireless connections to nearby screens, headsets, biosensors, and other peripherals. This article reviews previous behavioral research using mobile electronic devices, outlines what smartphones can do now and will be able to do in the near future, explains how a smartphone study could work practically given current technology (e.g., in studying ovulatory cycle effects on women's sexuality), discusses some limitations and challenges of smartphone research, and compares smartphones to other research methods. Smartphone research will require new skills in app development and data analysis and will raise tough new ethical issues, but smartphones could transform psychology even more profoundly than PCs and brain imaging did.
Competing Views: A Dialogue on Response to Intervention.

The provision for allowing local education agencies to use an assessment of a student's response to intervention (RTI) in lieu of a consideration of an ability— achievement discrepancy has been a c...
Desalination by forward osmosis: Identifying performance limiting parameters through module-scale modeling

Abstract In this study, we analyze the effects of membrane properties, namely water permeability, solute permeability, and structural parameter, on the overall performance of an FO membrane module to extract water from simulated seawater (0.6 M NaCl). By considering the thermodynamic limit of operation, we demonstrate that the maximum achievable water recovery is practically independent of membrane properties, and higher maximum water recovery is achievable with counter-current compared to co-current mode. Analysis of the module-scale model indicates that reducing the support layer structural parameter offers substantial reductions in the membrane area required to achieve a specified water recovery. For example, a 25% reduction of the structural parameter of a state-of-the-art thin-film composite (TFC) membrane (from 400 to 300 μm) yields a sizable 20% reduction in membrane area. In contrast, quintupling the water permeability coefficient (from 2.0 to 10.0 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) of a modern TFC membrane generates only a modest 10% saving in membrane area. In addition, because of the permeability-selectivity trade-off that governs current polymeric membranes, doubling the water permeability coefficient would cause crippling ~7-fold increases in forward and reverse solute permeation. This quantitative study models the potential performance of a module-scale FO desalination process and firmly highlights the need to prioritize the reduction of support layer mass transport resistances over water permeability increases in membrane development.
Perinatal dietary supplementation with a commercial soy lecithin preparation: effects on behavior and brain biochemistry in the developing rat

Rats exposed perinatally to dietary commercial soy lecithin preparation (SLP) showed alterations in sensorimotor development and brain cell maturation. Latencies for righting responses (measured on postnatal Days 1-4) and negative qeotaxis (measured on postnatal Days 5-8) were shorter in the SLP treated animals. This pattern was accompanied by specific alterations in cerebellar development; biochemical markers for cellular maturation indicated a compression of the ontogenetic time course, as assessed by ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, and levels of nucleic acids and proteins. In contrast, cellular development in the cerebral cortex indicated a generalized slowing of the time course of maturation and a deficit in the number of cells which persisted into adulthood. Behavioral abnormalities also did not disappear in adulthood, as morphine analgesia was markedly reduced in the SLP group. These results indicate that exposure of the fetus and neonate to dietary SLP during development leads to regionally specific alterations in brain cell maturation associated with disruption or behavioral patterns.
Application of System-Identification Techniquest to Health Monitoring of On-Orbit Satellite Boom Structures

The integration of composites into spacecraft is challenged by the risk of damage initiation andpropagation during storage, launch, and service life. Elastically deployable composite booms are being developed for space utility.Matrix cracks are considered a primary form of damage caused by packaging before launch. However, while on orbit, most damages are induced by the environmental effects on the polymers. A well-developed structural health monitoring system will provide information for the dynamic control of the satellite and the condition of the deployable mechanisms on the space vehicle. A structural health monitoring methodology, based on the system-identification techniques, is proposed to identify the structural degradation in laminated composite booms. Nondestructive evaluation techniques, frequency-response analysis and autoregressive with exogenous input models are used to approximate the transfer functions between input and output sensing signals. Structural degradation is identified by examining the change of transfer functions at different storage states. A single-input/single-output approach is adopted in this paper. The proposed methodology is validated through experimentation in which matrix cracking is gradually induced by packaging the sample.
Applications of the RISM equation to diatomic fluids: the liquids nitrogen, oxygen and bromine☆

Abstract The reference interaction site model (RISM) integral equation is used to study the equilibrium pair correlation for one-component liquids composed of homonuclear diatomic molecules. The integral equation is first tested by comparing the results obtained from it with those of computer simulation calculations. An internal consistency test is developed which seems to provide an a priori measure of the accuracy of the RISM equation. Then the theory is used to interpret the neutron scattering structure factor data taken on the liquids nitrogen and oxygen. For both of these liquids, a satisfactory explanation of the data is obtained by assuming that the short ranged repulsive forces between molecules are mimicked by a two-site hard core model. However, this simple model does not provide a satisfactory explanation of the data taken from liquid bromine. But, it is shown that a slightly more sophisticated model for the short-ranged repulsion between Br2 molecules does provide an adequate explanation. With the molecular models determined by fitting the neutron scattering data, the RISM equation provides a method for determining the atom, atom to center-of-mass, and center-of-mass to center-of-mass intermolecular distribution functions in the diatomic liquids. From these functions, the local structures in the three liquids are analyzed. While orientational pair correlations are nearly negligible in both the liquids nitrogen and oxygen, these correlations are fairly substantial in liquid bromine. Furthermore, even when the orientation of a molecule does not greatly influence the orientation of its neighbors, it is found that the orientation of a molecule does have an important effect on the location of its neighbors. Thus, the coupling of translational and orientational coordinates is significant, even in the liquids nitrogen and oxygen.
FUNCTIONALIZED SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS CONTAINING PREFORMED BINDING SITES

This is a review of recent work on the design, preparation, and characterization of thiolate-on-gold self-assembled monolayers containing preformed binding sites. The use of these monolayer systems as molecular sensors in the vapor and solution phases is considered. General analytical properties of these systems are also covered. Recent reports by several groups are discussed, with particular emphasis on the author's own research work in the area.
Using SiGe technology in extreme environments

SiGe BiCMOS technology is presently being used as an IC design platform to support the development of electronic components designed to operate under the harsh lunar ambient conditions. The opportunities and challenges associated with utilizing SiGe technology in the general context of extreme environment electronics applications are addressed in this paper.
An intelligent access control for Web services based on service oriented architecture platform

With the rapid development of Web applications and services, there have been security threats appearing on the Web based software systems. Web services are a new approach in providing efficient information and services using distributed computing. It is an important step towards service-oriented architecture (SOA). This paper describes the design of a reusable access control layer for Web services software. The layer is designed as an independent software component which is separated from the application components of Web applications and services. It applies expert system type of rules using an inference engine to determine security rules and access rights.
Microbiology of a Ham-Type Product Made from Soy-Extended Cured Beef and Inoculated with Clostridium sporogenes PA3679

The microbiological stability of a new ham-type product made from soy-extended cured beef was examined under wholesale (2–4°C) and retail (5°C) refrigerated storage conditions, and during abuse-temperature holding for 24 and 48 hr at 24-25°C after inoculation with Closrridium sporogenes PA3679. No microbiological effects (P >0.05) could be attributed to the level of soy protein isolate in the injection brine (0, 5, 7.5 or 9%) on the basis of mesophilic, psychrotrophic, anaerobic and lactic bacterial counts. Samples held at 2-4°C did not exceed 104 CFU/g after 4 wk for any bacterial type examined. Product shelf-life was > 3 wk at 5°C and 2 wk at 8–10°C. Inoculated PA3679 did not grow in the product during 24 or 48 hr simulated mishandling (24-2°C).
Do race and gender matter in police stress? A preliminary assessment of the interactive effects

The interactive effects of race and gender in a multi-dimensional assessment of police occupational stress were examined in this study. The sample from a large urban police department was divided into four subgroups: White males, African-American males, White females, and African-American females. Comparisons were carried out to assess group differences in three major domains of stress process: stressors, coping mechanisms, and multiple psychological manifestations of stress. Specific attentions were paid to observe any similar or dissimilar interactive effects of race and gender on the stress process. The results showed that dynamic factors such as measures of work environment and coping mechanisms contributed more in explaining police stress than static factors such as race and gender. Additionally, destructive coping and work-family conflict (spillover) were the most stable correlates of police stress across all subgroups included in the analysis. The impacts of negative exposure and camaraderie on police stress were conditional on the subgroup statuses. Limitations and implications of the study are discussed.
Vasculotoxic and Proinflammatory Effects of Plasma Heme: Cell Signaling and Cytoprotective Responses

The proinfammatory vasculotoxic effects of intravascular hemolysis are modulated by plasma hemoglobin and heme clearance via the haptoglobin/CD163 system and the hemopexin/CD91 system, respectively, and detoxification through the heme oxygenase/ferritin system. However, sudden or excessive hemolysis can overwhelm these protective systems leading to heme interacting with cells of the vasculature. Heme presents a damage-associated molecular pattern to the innate immune system. Heme is an extracellular inflammatory signaling molecule with strict binding specificity for TLR4 on monocyte/macrophages, endothelial, and other cells. The resulting TLR4 signaling cascade rapidly leads to intracellular oxidative stress and an inflammatory response. Heme also induces a cytoprotective response that includes Nrf2 responsive genes such as heme oxygenase-1, ferritin, haptoglobin, hemopexin, and other antioxidant response genes. It is the balance between the pro-inflammatory/vasculotoxic effects of plasma hemoglobin/heme and the cytoprotective responses that ultimately determines the pathophysiologic outcome in patients.
Anatomic severity grading score predicts technical difficulty, early outcomes, and hospital resource utilization of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair

Background In 2002, a system for the grading of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) was developed by the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS). Because the correlation of the anatomic severity grading (ASG) score to patient outcomes has yet to be validated, we provide our experience with calculating the ASG score using three-dimensional (3-D) image-rendering software and provide the practical translation of this score into early outcomes and hospital charges. Methods All patients who underwent an endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) for infrarenal AAAs between 2009 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed for demographics, intraoperative data, and 30-day outcomes. ASG scores were calculated from morphologic measurements, and two independent patient groups were created: those with a low ASG score (score Results We identified 108 patients (mean age, 75 years), of whom 56 were in the low-score ASG group and 52 were in the high-score ASG group. Operative outcomes significantly different in the low-score group vs high-score group were number of endograft implants (three vs four, P = .001), operative time (113 vs 210 minutes, P Conclusion The anatomic severity grading score can be easily and rapidly calculated from computed tomography images with the aid of 3-D image-rendering software. The anatomic severity grading score correlates with the technical difficulty of EVAR and the extent of hospital resource utilization.