cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Afterword: Shakespeare, the Swing Voter

“Shakespeare, the Swing Voter” examines the difficulties of teaching Shakespeare’s works to working-class students at a comprehensive university. Shakespeare’s own cultural politics are notoriously dubious given his tendency to use irony and distancing effects in his plays. Dionne discusses the pressures of teaching in an outcome-based General Education curriculum, which he argues is an instance of neoliberalism in the way it applies consumerism and market logic to the college experience. The essays in this collection, he suggests, work to restore the political context to Shakespeare’s empathetic investments, especially those scenes of education that help us account for the legacy of progressive humanist literacy and its role in providing social mobility through reading the literatures of the past.
Studies on Nonconventionally Fused Bicyclic β-Lactams

Described in this article are studies of structurally novel [3.2.0]bicyclic β-lactam ring systems that are isomeric to those of the penicillin, penem, and clavulanic acid families of antibiotics, but which have the lactam functionality arranged in alternative orientations within the four-membered ring. Semiempirical calculations indicate that the thermodynamic stabilities of the three alternative isomeric ring systems are similar to that of the classical penam or penem structure, and ab initio methods reveal that the LUMO energies of the two C-fused ring structures 11 and 12 are more than 1 eV lower than that of 2-azetidinone, but 0.22 to 0.73 eV higher than that of the penem ring 13. The LUMO energy of the N−S fused penem structure 14 is about 0.2 eV lower than that of 13. These studies also suggest that the N-fused bicyclic β-lactams are considerably more electrophilic than the corresponding C-fused compounds. Several of the new heterocyclic rings were synthesized using a two-step cyclization strategy t...
O BAILARINO NO BRASIL É UM PROFISSIONAL OU UMA MICROEMPRESA? Discussões acerca da MEI como forma de atuação profissional

A criacao da lei complementar no 128/2008 fez surgir, no Brasil, a figura do Microempreendedor Individual (MEI), com o proposito de possibilitar que diversos profissionais pudessem sair da ilegalidade, adequando-se as legislacoes federal, estadual e municipal, sobretudo tributaria; alem de permitir o exercicio regular da profissao de diversos trabalhadores autonomos. Este estudo tem como proposito problematizar acerca da necessidade de registro de MEI para exercer atividades profissionais de arte. Discutiremos sobre implicacoes do registro de MEI para os profissionais das artes, tendo como foco principal o bailarino profissional. Visamos neste artigo iniciar uma analise dos aspectos profissionais importantes para pesquisadores da tematica e para os proprios bailarinos profissionais.
“That Felt Like Real Engagement”: Fostering and Maintaining Inclusive Research Collaborations With Individuals With Intellectual Disability:

People with intellectual disability (ID) are increasingly involved in stakeholder-engaged research, such as "inclusive research" (IR). To understand the processes that foster and maintain IR with individuals with ID, we used a narrative interview approach with co-researchers with ID (n = 6) and academic researchers (n = 8). We analyzed the data using grounded theory principles. We then developed a model describing how contextual factors and team-level factors and processes coalesce to foster and maintain IR collaborations. We observed that team members' values and characteristics are foundational to IR and drive a commitment to accessibility. Contextual factors, including funding and partnership duration, influence teams' processes and structures. These processes and structures influence the extent to which co-researchers perceive the IR team to be cofacilitated or academic-facilitated. Co-researcher involvement is partially maintained by perceived personal and societal benefits. Optimizing the relationship between these factors may support involvement of people with ID in stakeholder-engaged research projects.
Preventing Shoplifting: Exploring Online Comments to Propose a Model

In recent years, the marketing literature has expended considerable effort to understand and theorize consumer misbehavior. However, scant research theoretically explores shoplifting. This is surprising, as currently, the annual cost of shoplifting is close to $50 billion in the United States. Utilizing a mixed‐methods approach, we conduct two studies. Study 1 is a qualitative content analysis of online consumer discussions with regard to shoplifting. Study 2 is an empirical examination that uses a US national sample of n = 1,001 consumers; it is designed to test specific hypotheses regarding antecedents to consumers’ intentions to shoplift using an interdisciplinary theoretical framework from criminology, psychology, and marketing. The model integrates research from these different disciplines to improve our understanding of shoplifting by offering avenues to tackle it that supersede traditional security measures in retail. The integrated conceptual framework extends the theory of planned behavior and routine activity theory in understanding the behavioral intentions behind shoplifting. The results show that the suitability of shoplifting targets, offender motivation, and the absence of capable guardians affect potential offenders’ attitudes, subjective norms, and confidence in their ability to shoplift, which, in turn, all influence the intention to shoplift. The results contribute to our understanding of shoplifting and provide implications for retail practitioners over and above merely augmenting store security.
Interpretation of Load Tests on High-Capacity Driven Piles

Pipe piles and H-sections about 35 m (115 ft) long were driven through 24 m (80 ft) of alluvial materials to bearing in a stratum of glacial till about 15 m (50 ft) thick overlying bedrock. Load tests were conducted to establish the equipment and driving resistance needed to develop a capacity of 3560 kN (400 tons) solely in the underlying tills. Interpretation of these tests proved to be a challenge that led to the development of a new technique to analyze load transfer using only data obtained from conventional pile load tests. Among the conclusions reached were (1) ultimate shaft friction of steel piles driven into very stiff to hard tills did not exceed 120 kPa (1.25 tsf); (2) for piles as large as 460 mm (18 in.) in diameter, ultimate shaft friction is not necessarily mobilized before the pile capacity is reached; and (3) loading and unloading a pile can cause irreversible changes in the existing as well as on the ultimate shaft friction-methods of interpreting pile load tests to determine load transfer or residual stresses that rely on these changes being negligible, should be used with caution.
Remote sensing of orographic precipitation

Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) in mountainous regions remains a challenging task owing to its high spatiotemporal variability. Satellite-based radar observations at high resolution have the best potential to capture the spatial patterns of precipitation, but there is high uncertainty in the interpretation of low-level measurements due to ground clutter effects, observing geometry, and sub-grid scale vertical and horizontal heterogeneity of precipitation systems that result from interactions among orographic clouds and propagating storm systems. In the high elevation tropics and in middle mountains everywhere, the landscape is often immersed in multi-layered cloud systems that modify precipitation significantly at low levels in a complex manner depending on time of day and location very different from the classical understanding of orographic precipitation enhancement with elevation, and are not easily parameterized or corrected for in QPE algorithms. Here, a review of challenges to remote sensing of orographic precipitation with a focus on the physical-basis of rainfall estimation errors is presented using radar measurements and precipitation products from the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellites, ground-validation (GV) data in the Andes, the Himalayas, and the Southern Appalachian Mountains, and model simulations. Emphasis is placed on spatial and temporal variability of rainfall and associated cloud systems with a focus on water cycle research and hydrological applications in the tropics and in the mid-latitudes.
The Utility of MYB Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Diagnosis of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (AdCC)

Differentiating adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) from other basaloid neoplasm in a fine needle aspiration (FNA) sample can be challenging. Activation of MYB in AdCC by the fusion transcript MYB-NFIB has been recently demonstrated in salivary gland and other organs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the utility of MYB immunohistochemistry (IHC) in distinguishing AdCCs and other basaloid neoplasm in cytology specimens. Eighteen FNA cases, from salivary gland and other sites, and their subsequent surgical resection specimens were included in the study. Eight cases were confirmed AdCC on resection. MYB IHC was performed on slides made from cytology cell block and surgical resection paraffin blocks. Percentage and intensity of nuclear staining in tumor cells was scored as 0 to 3. The staining results were concordant between cytology specimens and their corresponding surgical resection tumors. Strong diffuse nuclear staining (score 3, N = 5) was exclusively observed in AdCC, both in cytology and surgical specimens. Only one pleomorphic adenoma and one poorly differentiated basaloid carcinoma were positive for MYB staining (score 1 to 2). Any degree of nuclear MYB labeling was seen in 100% AdCC cases (N = 8/8) compared with of 20% (N = 2/10) of all other non-AdCC cases (P = < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of any degree MYB positivity for AdCC in cytology specimen is 100% and 78%. The sensitivity and specificity of strong diffuse MYB labeling (score 2 to 3) for AdCC is 83% and 100% in cytology specimen. Strong diffuse nuclear staining of MYB is valuable in supporting a cytologic diagnosis of AdCC. However, weak and focal labeling of MYB should be interpreted with caution as it can be seen in benign and other malignant basaloid lesions.
A stock market model based on CAPM and market size

We introduce a new system of stochastic differential equations which models dependence of market beta and unsystematic risk upon size, measured by market capitalization. We fit our model using size deciles data from Kenneth French’s data library. This model is somewhat similar to generalized volatility-stabilized models. The novelty of our work is twofold. First, we take into account the difference between price and total returns (in other words, between market size and wealth processes). Second, we work with actual market data. We study the long-term properties of this system of equations, and reproduce observed linearity of the capital distribution curve. In the “Appendix”, we analyze size-based real-world index funds.
A BERT Based Approach to Measure Web Services Policies Compliance With GDPR

Data confidentiality is an issue of increasing importance. Several authorities and regulatory bodies are creating new laws that control how web services data is handled and shared. With the rapid increase of such regulations, web service providers face challenges in complying with these evolving regulations across jurisdictions. Providers must update their service policies regularly to address the new regulations. The challenge is that regulatory documents are large text documents and require substantial human effort to comprehend and enforce. On the other hand, web service provider privacy policies are relatively short compared to the regulatory texts, so it is hard to determine if an organization’s policy document addresses the regulation’s essential elements. We have developed a framework to automatically compare web service policies with regulatory policies to measure how closely the web service provider complies with a regulation. In this paper, we present our framework’s details along with the results of analyzing a corpus of 3,000 privacy policies against GDPR. Our framework uses BiLSTM multi-class classification and a BERT extractive summarizer. We evaluate the framework’s efficacy by checking the context similarity score between summarized GDPR and web service provider privacy policies.
Abstract MP04: In Vivo Bioluminescence Imaging Reveals a Pre-Hypertensive Surge of Nuclear-Factor-κ-B (NF-κB) Activity in the Subfornical Organ (SFO) During Obesity-Induced Hypertension

The central nervous system has been implicated in obesity-induced sympathetic activation and hypertension, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We tested the hypothesis that the transcription factor NF-κB is activated in the SFO, a key cardioregulatory brain center, during the development of obesity-induced hypertension. Male C57Bl/6 mice were instrumented with radiotelemeters for mean arterial pressure (MAP) recording, and underwent SFO-targeted microinjection of an adenovirus encoding firefly luciferase downstream of the NF-κB response elements. After recovery, mice were fed high fat diet (60% fat) or normal chow (5% fat), and SFO NF-κB activity was longitudinally monitored in vivo by bioluminescence imaging coupled with luciferin injections. In response to HFD, a slowly developing hypertension was observed, with an initial rise in MAP at 4 weeks (109 ± 1 vs 117 ± 1 mmHg; day 0 vs day 28; n=8; p<0.05) that was sustained for 8 weeks. NF-κB activity in the SFO increased gradually during HFD feeding, with a surge at 3 weeks, prior to a rise in MAP (day 21: 0.91 ± 0.08 vs 1.70 ± 0.25 photons/s fold baseline; normal chow vs HFD; n=4-7; p<0.05). SFO NF-κB activity transiently subsided and a second elevation was noted during the maintenance of obesity-induced hypertension at 6.5 weeks (day 42: 0.72 ± 0.14 vs 1.52 ± 0.07 photons/s fold baseline; normal chow vs HFD; n=4-7; p<0.05). These findings suggest that NF-κB is activated in the SFO during HFD feeding. The biphasic increase in NF-κB activity prior to and during a sustained increase in MAP suggests a casual role for SFO NF-κB in the development of obesity-induced hypertension. HL63887, HL84207, AHA13POST14410020, K99HL166776 ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
Transport of Human Recombinant Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) Through the Rat Blood-Brain Barrier in Vivo Using Vector-Mediated Peptide Drug Delivery

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) transport of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in anesthetized rats was examined in the present studies using vector-mediated peptide drug delivery. Following tritiation, the BDNF was biotinylated via a disulfide linker and was coupled to a covalent conjugate of neutral avidin (NLA), which binds the biotinylated peptide with a high affinity, and the murine OX26 monoclonal antibody to the rat transferrin receptor. Owing to the abundance of transferrin receptors on brain capillary endothelium, the OX26 monoclonal antibody undergoes receptor-mediated transcytosis through the BBB, and the NLA-OX26 conjugate transports biotinylated peptide therapeutics through the BBB. The present studies show that while unconjugated BDNF was not transported through the BBB in vivo, the conjugation of biotinylated BDNF to the NLA-OX26 vector resulted in a marked increase in the brain delivery of BDNF, as defined by measurements of the percentage of the injected dose (ID) delivered per gram of brain. Although BDNF was not transported through the BBB in vivo, this cationic peptide was avidly bound by isolated human brain capillaries via a low-affinity, high-capacity system that was inhibited by protamine and by serum protein binding of BDNF. In conclusion, these studies show that the delivery of unconjugated BDNF to brain is nil owing to the combined effects of negligible BBB transport and rapid systemic clearance of intravenous administered BDNF. The brain delivery of BDNF may be augmented by conjugation of BDNF to BBB drug delivery vectors, such as the NLA-OX26 conjugate.
Relativistic vircator with an electromagnetic bandgap medium

The virtual cathode oscillator (vircator) can be one of the most promising high-power microwave sources due to its conceptual simplicity, high-output power capability, and potential tunability. Microwaves can be generated when the current of an intense relativistic electron beam exceeds the space-charge-limiting current of the structure. In this case, a virtual cathode comprising an electrostatic potential barrier is formed. Some of the electrons in the virtual cathode lose their kinetic energy and are then reflected back toward the anode.
A 900 MHz integrated discrete-time filtering RF front-end

The authors introduce a radio receiver architecture that avoids external intermediate frequency (IF) filters, while maintaining the selectivity required for narrowband frequency-multiplexed channels. The receiver is based on a subsampling architecture and operates in the 800-900 MHz range. It is a potential candidate for use in applications such as portable mobile data systems, personal communications devices, and cordless telephony. This receiver differs from a superheterodyne architecture in that the mixer is replaced by a sampling circuit and the intermediate frequency filters are replaced by a cascade of downsampling stages employing discrete-time filtering. The process of subsampling, sampling the input signal at a rate lower than the highest frequency components of the input signal, performs a function equivalent to mixing. Because the input is bandlimited by an analog RF filter, the Nyquist criterion is satisfied as long as the sampling rate is more than twice the bandwidth of this filter. The noise filter following the low noise amplifier (LNA) limits the noise bandwidth to prevent wideband noise from aliasing into the signal band and increasing the noise floor.
NGEP-L, a prostate specific plasma membrane protein, is a new target for prostate cancer immunotherapy

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 14-18, 2007; Los Angeles, CA 4376 The expression of the NGEP (TMEM16G) gene has only been detected in normal prostate and prostate cancer. RNA analysis revealed 2 splice variants of NGEP. A short form (NGEP-S) encodes a 20 kDa cytosolic protein and a long form (NGEP-L) encodes a 95 kDa polytopic membrane protein. To study the location and the function of NGEP-L, we have generated a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to the different regions of the NGEP-L. The antibodies detect a ~ 100 kDa protein in extracts of normal prostate and prostate cancers that contains high levels of NGEP mRNA. Immunohistochemistry of the prostate tissues using antibodies against NGEP-L shows that NGEP-L is highly expressed on the apical and the lateral surfaces of normal prostate and prostate cancer cells. Lateral expression suggests that NGEP-L may have a role in prostate cell interactions or adhesion. To study the function of NGEP-L,two stable LNCaP cell lines expressing NGEP-L at levels similar to those found in prostate tissues were generated. Confocal immunofluorescence studies of these cell lines showed that NGEP-L is present in the plasma-membrane and is highly concentrated at the cell:cell contact regions. Furthermore, as the cells expressing NGEP-L increase in density, the cells form aggregates. A specific RNAi that lowered NGEP-L levels prevented formation of the cell aggregates. Our results suggest that NGEP-L has a role in promoting cell:cell contact dependent interactions of prostate cells. Also, because of its high expression in prostate cancer, its specific expression in prostate and its presence on the cell surface, NGEP-L is a promising target for the antibody-based therapies of prostate cancer.
Particle Energization in Stochastic Double Layers

Electrostatic turbulence develops in current carrying plasmas when the relative electron-ion drift exceeds the critical value for laminar current flow. Recent 2D computer experiments (Barnes, 1982) indicate that many weak ion acoustic double layers form in such turbulence when the plasma is strongly magnetized (ω ce ≳ ω pe ), the electron/ion temperature ratio is large (≳10), and the relative electron-ion drift is comparable to or less than the electron thermal speed. The double layers emerge from the incoherent spectrum of electrostatic ion cyclotron and ion acoustic waves as intense localized electric field structures propagating subsonically relative to the ion bulk flow. The occurrence of weak ion acoustic double layers, excited by field-aligned currents in the Earth’s auroral regions, has also been reported from in situ spacecraft measurements (Temerin et al., 1982). An important question concerns the effect of these coherent electric fields on plasma transport properties such as bulk heating and acceleration. For example, one might expect nonlinear diffusion processes, manifested as distinct nonthermal features in the particle spectra, to accompany the quasilinear diffusion of ions as they traverse turbulent regions in space. This idea motivates the work presented here.
Mössbauer modeling to interpret the spin state of iron in (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite

[1] The properties of (Mg,Fe)SiO3 perovskite at lower mantle conditions are still not well understood, and particular attention has recently been given to determining the Fe spin state. A major challenge in spin states studies is interpretation of Mossbauer spectra to determine the electronic structure of iron under extreme conditions. In this paper ab initio methods are used to predict quadrupole splitting values of high-, intermediate- and low-spin Fe2+ and Fe3+ in perovskite, as a function of pressure and composition. The calculations in (Mg0.75Fe0.25)SiO3 yield quadrupole splitting values in the range of 0.7–1.7 mm/s for all spin and valence states except high-spin Fe2+, which has two possible quadrupole splittings, 2.3 and 3.3 mm/s. The unexpected multiple quadrupole splitting values for high-spin Fe2+ are explained in terms of small changes in local structure and d-orbital occupations. The computed results are applied to interpret existing perovskite Mossbauer data for iron's spin state.
Knowledge-Constrained k-medoids clustering of regulatory rare alleles for burden tests

Rarely occurring genetic variants are hypothesized to influence human diseases, but statistically associating these rare variants to disease is challenging due to a lack of statistical power in most feasibly sized datasets. Several statistical tests have been developed to either collapse multiple rare variants from a genomic region into a single variable (presence/absence) or to tally the number of rare alleles within a region, relating the burden of rare alleles to disease risk. Both these approaches, however, rely on user-specification of a genomic region to generate these collapsed or burden variables, usually an entire gene. Recent studies indicate that most risk variants for common diseases are found within regulatory regions, not genes. To capture the effect of rare alleles within non-genic regulatory regions for burden tests, we contrast a simple sliding window approach with a knowledge-guided k-medoids clustering method to group rare variants into statistically powerful, biologically meaningful windows. We apply these methods to detect genomic regions that alter expression of nearby genes.
Some things spoken I understood not

This work of poetry, non-fiction, and historical source material deals with the gathering of the first ‘Praying Indian’ congregation at Natick, Massachusetts Bay colony, in 1654. The Reverend John Eliot and one of his Native American translators, possibly John Sassamon, helped guide the Praying Indians through their professions of saving grace, a puritan requirement for full church membership. Before the formal gathering, Eliot's translator and two other Native Americans got drunk and forcefully inebriated the eleven-year-old son of a sachem. This event nearly derailed the church gathering. Most of the events depicted here, and a good part of Eliot's narrative, are a matter of historical record; the rest has grown, through language, momentum, and human logic, from that historical record.
Thermal Inactivation Kinetics of Salmonella and Listeria in Ground Chicken Breast Meat and Liquid Medium

ABSTRACT: Thermal inactivation of Listeria innocua and 6 Salmonella serotypes in ground chicken breast meat was compared to that in peptone (0.1%) - agar (0.1%) solution. Inoculated samples were packed in a thin-wall metal tube and submerged in a water bath at temperatures ranging from 55.0 to 70.0 °C. For Salmonella and Listeria, the D values in ground chicken breast meat at 55 to 70 °C were higher (p < 0.0001) than those in peptone-agar solution; however, the z values were not significantly different. Complete first-order inactivation models, with Arrhenius temperature dependency, were developed for each inoculum and medium.
The "Too Few Cases/Too Many Variables" Problem in Implementation Research:

1F 5IRST GENERATION studies of implementation were, for the most part, detailed accounts of how a single authoritative decision was carried out, either at a single location (Derthick 1970; Pressman and Wildavsky 1973) or at multiple sites (Derthick 1972).1 Implementation was conceptualized as a complex and dynamic process, characterized by a variety of participants with a wide range of perspectives whose interpretation and operationalization of earlier authoritative decisions had multiple effects, some anticipated, others not. With few exceptions (e.g., Sapolsky 1972), most first generation authors were pessimistic about a program's chances of being implemented successfully.2 For example, in 1977, Eugene Bardach (1977: 5) observed that "even the most robust policy one that is well designed to survive the implementation process will tend to go awry. The classic symptoms of underperformance, delay, and escalating costs are bound to appear" (emphasis added). With the publication of additional empirical studies of implementation, however, the picture of implementation as inevitable failure began to fade.3 Whereas faulty execution may have been the rule, there emerged a more eclectic view of implementation, one that acknowledged its variability and stressed the political as well as managerial dimensions of implementation behavior.4 The lead, or orienting, questions of these second generation studies became, and still are, "Why was X so well implemented, particularly in comparison with the less successful implementation of Y?" (Mazmanian and Sabatier 1983: 3) or "Why was X so well implemented in state A, compared to state B?" (Abolafia 1979; Goggin forthcoming).
An X-ray study of non-zero nickel moment in a ferromagnetic shape-memory alloy

Abstract The existence of a magnetic moment at the nickel sites in ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys (FSMA) has long been speculated. Using a state-of-the-art X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) technique we found that Ni 3d moments indeed exist in Ni–Mn–Ga-based FSMA. Band-structure calculations were used to simulate the XMCD spectra and estimate this moment to be ∼ 0.33 μ B . Such a Ni moment plays a critical role in the dispersions of non-collinear spin structures, which determine the finite-temperature magnetic properties.
Contrasting physiological responses of ozone-tolerant Phaseolus vulgaris and Nicotiana tobaccum varieties to ozone and nitric acid

Ozone (O3) and nitric acid (HNO3) are synthesized by the same atmospheric photochemical processes and are almost always co-pollutants. Effects of O3 on plants have been well-elucidated, yet less is known about the effects of HNO3 on plants. We investigated the physiological effects of experimental O3 and HNO3 fumigation on Phaseolus vulgaris (snap bean) and Nicotiana tobaccum (tobacco) varieties with known sensitivity to O3, but unknown responses to HNO3. Responses were measured as leaf absorptance, aboveground plant biomass, and photosynthetic CO2-response curve parameters. Our results demonstrate that O3 reduced absorptance, stomatal conductance and plant biomass in both species, and maximum photosynthetic rate in P. vulgaris, whereas the main effect of HNO3 was an increase in mesophyll conductance. Overall, the results suggest that HNO3 affects mesophyll conductance through increased nitrogen absorbed by leaves during HNO3 deposition which in turn increases photosynthetic demand for CO2, or that damage to epicuticular waxes on leaves increased diffusion of CO2 to sites of carboxylation.
Factors that mediate and modulate androgen action.

Androgens mediate a wide range of processes during embryogenesis and in the adult. In mammals, although a number of steroids can be shown to exert androgenic effects using in vitro and in vivo assays, testosterone and its 5α reduced metabolite, 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) are considered to represent the principal physiologic androgens. Furthermore, although the effects that androgens exert differ widely among different tissues and cell types, genetic and biochemical data suggest that these effects are mediated via the protein products of a single androgen receptor gene, which is encoded on the X-chromosome in mammals.
Canned Music and Captive Audiences: The Battle Over Public Soundspace at Grand Central Terminal and the Emergence of the New Sound

This article recounts the fight over public soundspace at Grand Central Terminal in 1949 after management began using Muzak, punctuated by commercial advertisements, to manage and monetize the soundscape. The public protests against these broadcasts in the press were followed by public hearings which weighed the commuter’s right to be left alone with his or her own thoughts against the company’s right broadcast sell the public soundspace. The author argue that this case, which was tied to a similar case before the Supreme Court, set a legal precedent allowing public soundspaces to be monetized in the same way as physical or visual spaces were, and set the stage for the ubiquitous engineering of public soundspaces that is the norm today.
Going out on a limb about regrowing an arm

Starting with the observations that fetuses effortlessly grow limbs, fetuses heal wounds without scar and children up to the age of two can partially regrow amputated digits, the potential for adult humans to regrow limbs is explored. The process of limb growth in amphibians is reviewed with these steps summarizing the process: blood vessels contract to minimize bleeding; the injury site is covered by skin cells transforming into the apical epithelial cap which sends signals important for the next phases of the regrowth; resident fibroblasts leave the surrounding extracellular matrix and migrate across the amputation surface; migratory fibroblasts proliferate and dedifferentiate to form an aggregation of stemlike cells called the blastema; and the blastema coordinates the formation of a new limb. Other factors contributing to this process are: innervation, cell spatial “memory,” chemical signals between cells, gene up and down regulation, cell differentiation (or dedifferentiation) and inflammatory cells. Remarkable discoveries have been made in all these areas in the last few years that might be integrated into technology for limb regeneration. In particular, the demonstration of the plasticity of supposedly “terminally differentiated” cells speak to the idea that mature cells at the amputation site might be harnessed for limb regrowth. Also, the demonstration that macrophages can be driven to a regenerative phenotype (M2) and they may also be stem-like is promising for complex regenerations. This article posits that scientific discoveries useful for limb regeneration have been made and now it is time to develop technology exploiting these discoveries to regrow limbs.
Expression of cytoplasmically inherited genes for chloramphenicol resistance in interspecific somatic cell hybrids and cybrids

Interspecies cybrids and hybrids were prepared in which one parent contributed the cytoplasmically inherited mutation for mitochondrial chloramphenicol (CAP) resistance. The transfer of CAP-resistant (R) mitochondria in human × mouse cybrids proved to be extremely difficult. Transfer from mouse to hamster cells occurred, but the cybrids had limited proliferative capacity. Hybrids between CAP-R mouse and CAP-sensitive (S) hamster cells could be selected in HAT + CAP at a very low frequency but comparable hybrids could not be isolated in CAP-R human × CAP-S mouse fusions unless ouabain was substituted for HAT. Hybrids selected directly in CAP retained the chromosomes of the resistant parent and segregated those of the sensitive. CAP-R hybrids (CAP-R human × CAP-S mouse) which segregate human chromosomes could be isolated only by sequential selection in HAT and then CAP. These results suggest that the mitochondrial genes of mammalian species are rapidly diverging from each other.
Congestion-free Routings of Linear Complement Permutations

We present an off-line method for routing a linear complement permutation on a hypercube. The routing has the virtue of being congestion-free. Our method is purely algebraic, and the routing involves row reducing an invertible matrix to the identity by means of special row operations.
Barriers to Fair Housing for Black Women.

This article examines barriers to fair housing (or equality of access to housing opportunities) for black women in both the private and public sectors. First the coverages of federal fair housing legislation are described. Then evidence of discrimination (behavior that denies to one group the rights or opportunities given to others) against black women seeking housing is explored in several contexts—on the basis of race, of sex, and of membership in a family with children. Available data suggest that the major form of housing market discrimination confronting black women is based on race. Despite legislation prohibiting them, subtle forms of discrimination on the basis of both race and sex appear to continue. In addition, several instances were reported in which discrimination against families with children was used to camouflage racially motivated discrimination.
Input-Output linearization using approximate process models

Abstract An approach to approximate feedback linearization is presented which utilizes an approximate input-output normal form model for the process. The approach is valid for minimjm phase systems, and yields a dynamic output feedback controller of order 2N − R + 1, where N is the dynamic approximation order and R is the relative degree of the approximation model. Conditions are presented under which local (linear) stability can be guaranteed despite the plant-model mismatch. Two reactor control case studies are presented to show how the approach can be used both when a fundamental process model is available and when only process input-output data are available.
The liquid-liquid extraction of certain tripositive transplutonium ions from salted nitrate solutions with a tertiary and quaternary amine☆

Abstract The distribution coefficients of Am(III), Cm(III) and Cf(III) were measured from Li, Mg, Ca, Al and Fe(III) nitrate solutions using a high molecular weight tertiary and quaternary amine. The distribution coefficient of Am(III) was measured for the tertiary and quaternary amine systems as a function of the diluent, aqueous acid concentration, extractant concentration and aqueous nitrate concentration. Separation factors for Cm(III)/Am(III), Cf(III)/Am(III), Es(III)/Cf(III) and Eu(III)/Am(III) were determined for the two amine systems. The quaternary amine was shown to be a superior extractant for the trans plutonium (III) ions compared to the tertiary amine.
Summation of probabilistic harmonic vectors (power systems)

A method of determining the magnitude of the sum of random harmonic vectors of arbitrary probability characteristics is presented. Utilization of summation technique, in conjunction with harmonic load flow, to evaluate net harmonic magnitudes due to distributed sources in both deterministic and stochastic networks is discussed. It is demonstrated and stochastic networks is discussed. It is demonstrated that the widely used form of probability density function of the magnitude of the sum of random vectors arises from simplification of the general expressions developed here. To assess its validity, a comparative study between the method developed and Monte Carlo simulation is carried out, showing good agreement. However, the analytical method is a lot faster and provides closed-form expressions for the probability density characteristics of the sum of random vectors. >
Iontophoretic uptake of fluoride by teeth

Abstract A single and repeated passage of anodic current across teeth suspended in fluoride solutions or fluoride-dentifrice suspensions resulted in fluride uptake by the teeth, as indicated by a positive change of potential of the fluoride ion electrode in the electrolyte. Passage of catholic currents across the teeth caused a loss of fluoride from the teeth to the electrolyte.
6-endo or not 6-endo, that is the question: correcting an erroneous structural assignment and mechanistic presumption

Careful reading of a published article uncovered a specious structural assignment, which has so far remained unchallenged. An alternate structure has been suggested and the experimental procedure repeated. Subsequently, a more rigorous analytical characterization confirmed the true structure to be a cyclic dimer of the structure proposed in the original paper, thereby negating their singular claim of an otherwise unobserved type of 6-endo cyclization.
Examples of ice pack rigidity and mobility characteristics determined from ice motion

A method has been developed to determine ice pack rigidity and mobility using observed ice motion. Using this method, one may determine how solidly the ice pack is frozen in near real-time. In addition, spatial and temporal variations in the freezing and thawing of the ice pack can be studied. Various degrees of ice rigidity were considered using remotely-sensed ice motion off the N coast of Alaska during 1975 and 1979. Summer-time ice rigidities were detected first in late June 1975 and lasted through September 1975. However, in 1979 considerably higher rigidities were found in August while summer-like rigidities were detected into late November. Analyses of atmospheric pressure distributions suggest that less mechanical breakup occurred in the summer of 1979, resulting in the greater rigidities during August of that year. In addition, minimum ice coverage was 21% less in the Beaufort Sea in 1979 than in 1975. The result was a relatively large percent of thinner ice for November of 1979 than for 1975, the likely cause of the less rigid conditions detected during the fall of 1979.
Drinking motives as moderators of the effect of ambivalence on drinking and alcohol-related problems.

The current study seeks to evaluate relationships between drinking motives and alcohol-related ambivalence in the prediction of problem drinking. We expected that: 1) main effects would emerge such that alcohol-related ambivalence would be positively associated with peak drinking and problems; drinking motives would be positively associated with drinking and problems, and 2) interactions would emerge between motives and ambivalence in predicting problematic drinking such that drinking motives would be positively associated with peak drinking and problems, especially among those high in ambivalence over drinking. Six hundred sixty-nine undergraduate students (mean age = 22.95, SD = 5.47, 82.22% female) completed study materials. Results showed that consistent with expectations, ambivalence was positively associated with peak drinking and problems. Further, consistent with expectations, drinking motives were positively associated with peak drinking and problems. Additionally, ambivalence was positively associated with drinking motives. Significant interactions emerged between drinking motives (social and coping) and ambivalence when predicting peak drinking and alcohol-related problems. These findings highlight the importance of considering motives in the relationship between ambivalence and drinking. Clinical implications include the need for tailoring interventions to target individual difference factors that increase risk for heavy drinking and associated problems. This is especially important among college students who may be at risk for problematic behavior.
The structure of free prosupersolvable groups

Oltikar [9], and Oltikar and Ribes [lo], have shown that the p-Sylow subgroups of a finitely generated prosupersolvable group are finitely generated. The argument is topological and gives no estimate on the number of generators of the subgroups. In Section 1 we prove a theorem on finite groups which gives such a bound for supersolvable groups. The nature of the bound is such that it holds for prosupersolvable groups via a limit argument. Oltikar 191, also showed, using a cohomologicai argument of Gruenberg (p. 164 of [5]), that the p-Sylow subgroups of a free prosupersolvable group are free pro-p. The argument provides no construction of a set of free generators. In Section 2 we construct, for a given set of primes n, and index set, I, a profinite group, F, and subset, D, indexed by I. The construction is by an iterated semidirect product of free pro-p subgroups, F,, on explicitly given generators and with explicitly given actions of F, on the generators of F, for p > q. We show that D is a set of generators for F and that F is prosupersolvable, which, since the bounds of Section 1 are attained, shows the latter are best possible. In Section 3 we establish a mapping property of F relative to D which shows it is “the” free prosupersolvable n-group on D, thus giving a fairly explicit structure theory, including a Hall system, for the latter object, defined by this mapping property. In particular this provides a noncohomological proof of Oltikar’s second result. In Section 4 we use the Hall system to get similar descriptions (iterated semidirect products of known groups with known actions) of certain canonical subgroups of F. In Section 5 we derive some facts about its automorphism group. For basic facts about profinite groups, in particular the notion of (supernatural) order and p-Sylow subgroups, see [ 11, 131. For the notion of free pro-C product and free pro-C group see [ 1, 3, 5, 7, 141. For extending basic facts about supersolvable groups to prosupersolvable see [9, lo]; for the 256 0021-8693/83 $3.00
A perceptual approach to understanding user-generated media behavior

Purpose – As the pervasiveness of blogging becomes comingled in personal and corporate lives, companies are harvesting useful information from user-generated media. It appears that user-generated media (e.g. blogs, among others) has become an increasingly important way for companies to connect with customers. Though blogging activity is a fast emerging phenomenon, however, to date only a handful of research has been done by scholars about blogging activity. The little research done on blogging has focused on the company perspective; how companies can use blogs to interact with their customers, but did not examine the individual blogger ' s viewpoint. Hence, the main objective of this study is to help fill that void in the literature and ascertain the following: to lay the groundwork for understanding the factors that enhance bloggers ' attitudes toward participating in blogging activity and how bloggers ' attitudes influence their propensity to blog. Design/methodology/approach – A structural model was de...
A high speed Mach-Zehnder silicon evanescent modulator using capacitively loaded traveling wave electrode

We demonstrate a traveling-wave Mach-Zehnder silicon evanescent modulator that implements a slotline design for the electrodes. The device has a modulation efficiency of 1.6V-mm and modulation bandwidth of 20 GHz.
Structure in the Dimension of Liveness and Mediation

While technological developments can replace some aspects of live performance, they have also opened a new dimension of musical structure: that of liveness and mediation, which requires live performance in order to be meaningful. Liveness itself can be used and manipulated as a distinct musical element. The author describes these concepts at work in his compositions that explore mediatization as a device of intermedial imitative counterpoint and formal structure.
Real Threats to Your Data Bills: Security Loopholes and Defenses in Mobile Data Charging

Secure mobile data charging (MDC) is critical to cellular network operations. It must charge the right user for the right volume that (s)he authorizes to consume (i.e., requirements of authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA)). In this work, we conduct security analysis of the MDC system in cellular networks. We find that all three can be breached in both design and practice, and identify three concrete vulnerabilities: authentication bypass, authorization fraud and accounting volume inaccuracy. The root causes lie in technology fundamentals of cellular networks and the Internet IP design, as well as imprudent implementations. We devise three showcase attacks to demonstrate that, even simple attacks can easily penetrate the operational 3G/4G cellular networks. We further propose and evaluate defense solutions.
Bacterial infections of the skin

Infections of the skin and soft tissues can be encountered in neonates, infants, and children. Most infections are caused by group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus or Staphylococcus aureus . The diagnosis of most infections can be made by review of the patient's history of the illness and the physical examination. Therapy usually is presumptive, and the initial antimicrobial agents should be effective against the most common bacterial pathogens. The route and duration of therapy are dependent on the location and severity of the infection, the age of the patient, and the clinical response to treatment.
Patients' comments on psychiatric inpatient treatment experiences: Patient-therapist relationships and their implications for treatment outcome

Only few researchers pay systematic attention to what patients may have to say about their treatment experience during psychiatric hospitalization. This study not only delineates the various therapeutic aspects of an open psychiatric inpatient unit based on the patients' comments, but also attempts to correlate the data with the objective outcome of treatment rated clinically by the therapists and independently by the author. Positive patient-therapist relationship has been found to be the most significant factor correlated closely with the treatment outcome. The correlation may support the relevance of the patients' comments regarding subjectively perceived therapeutic benefits vs. objective actual benefits.
Anthocyanins of the bignoniaceae

The pattern of floral anthocyanins exhibits little variation in the family Bignoniaceae. Floral pigments of the genus Paulownia are consistent with an assignment to the Bignoniaceae. No evidence of a pigment syndrome associated with bat pollination could be detected. The 3-desoxyanthocyanidin, carajurin, appears to be unique to the genus Arrabidaea.
Impact of UV-B radiation on the fecundity of the copepod Acartia clausii

It has recently been demonstrated that acute midultraviolet irradiation (UV-B, 290 to 320 nm) of the marine copepod Acartia clausii results in reduced survival and fecundity. In the present study, immature late copepodites were separted by sex and exposed to three UV-B exposure levels (0, 25, and 50 effectiveDNA Jm-2). The irradiated copepods were then reared to sexual maturity, and adult virgin survivors were mated according to prior exposure, supplying 7 different types of mating crosses (M0F0, M0F25, M25F0, M25F25, M0F50, M50F0, M50F50). Six replications of each cross were maintained for the duration of an experiment. Two experiments are documented. There was a significant effect of UV-B radiation on the survival of the parents as well as a reduction in the number of eggs and the number of living nauplii produced. For each experiment, 30 nauplii from each type of cross were separated, reared to maturity and counted, providing information on the survival capability of non-irradiated offspring from the 7 different mating types. Previous exposure of parental stock did not significantly affect the survival, and development to maturity, of these nauplii 15 d after separation.