cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Thermal Positioning in Micro- and Nano-Scale Bridge Structures

Heat transfer in a thermally-positioned doubly-clamped bridge, at the micro- and nano-scale, is simulated to investigate the effect of convective cooling on the mechanical response of the system. The mechanical response of the system is defined as the displacement at the center of the bridge. The heat conduction equation is solved numerically using a finite difference method to obtain the temperature distribution in the bridge. Then, thermal stress due to the temperature difference with respect to the wall temperature is calculated. The thermo-structural equation is solved numerically to get the displacement along the beam. Two systems are compared: one doubly clamped beam with a length of 100 microns, a width of 10 microns, and a thickness of 3 microns, and a second beam with a length of 10 microns, a width of 1 micron, and a thickness of 300 nanometers, in air at a pressure from 0.01 Pa to 2 MPa. Conduction within the beam as well as convection between the beam and the gas are considered. A constant heat load with respect to the time is applied to the top of the beam varying from 10 to 600 μW/μm2 . The simulations use both free molecular and continuum models to define the convective coefficient, h. The simulations are performed for three different materials: silicon, silicon carbide, and diamond. The numerical results show that the displacement and the response of thermally-positioned nano-scale devices are strongly influenced by ambient cooling. The displacement depends on the material properties, the geometry of the beam, and the Biot number. In the free molecular model, the displacement varies significantly with the pressure at high Biot numbers, while it does not depend on cooling gas pressure in the continuum case. The significant variation of displacement starts at Biot number of 0.1 which occurs at gas pressure of 27 KPa in nano-scale. As the Biot number increases, the dimensionless displacement, δ* = δk/q″ αl2 decreases. The displacement of the system increases significantly as the bridge length increases, while these variations are negligible when the bridge width and thickness change. Thermal noise analysis shows silicon carbide has the most physically meaningful displacements in comparison with silicon and cvd diamond.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
The Desolvation and Oxidation of Crystals of Dialuric Acid Monohydrate

Examination of the influence of the solvent of crystallization on the solid-state oxidation of dialuric acid (I) monohydrate to alloxantin (II) is reported. This reaction was investigated at low and high humidities using photomicrography, X-ray crystallography, and IR and mass spectrometry. Crystals of dialuric acid desolvated somewhat anisotropically; this behavior was consistent with crystal packing. The desolvated crystals of dialuric acid monohydrate had approximately the same crystal structure as the monohydrate and were stable in air at room temperature at low humidities. At high humidity, these crystals rehydrated and rapidly oxidized to alloxantin. These studies showed for the first time that desolvation was not a necessary prerequisite to solid-state oxidation and that solid-state oxidation reactions could be accelerated by high humidity.
Shear-thinning hydrogels for biomedical applications

Injectable hydrogels are becoming increasingly important in the fields of tissue engineering and drug delivery due to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, high water content, and the ability to deliver them in a minimally invasive manner. Shear-thinning is one promising technique for the application of injectable hydrogels, where preformed hydrogels can be injected by application of shear stress (during injection) and quickly self-heal after removal of shear. Importantly, these gels can be used to deliver biological molecules and cells during the injection process. This review aims to highlight the range of injectable shear-thinning hydrogel systems being developed, with a focus on the various mechanisms of formation and shear-thinning and their use in biomedical applications.
Phrenic nerve involvement in Déjérine-Sottas disease: a clinicopathological case study.

We present the clinical and pathological data on a 12-year-old girl with Dejerine-Sottas disease who died suddenly in her sleep following the onset of mild flulike symptoms. The autopsy revealed diffuse and severe axonal loss with prominent onion bulbs in all nerves including the phrenic nerve. Early changes of pneumonia and bronchiolitis were evident in the lungs. To our knowledge, this is the first clinicopathological description of phrenic nerve involvement in Dejerine-Sottas disease.
8p22 loss concurrent with 8c gain is associated with poor outcome in prostate cancer.

Objectives. A critical issue in the management of prostate cancer is the ability to distinguish patients at risk of disease recurrence. The aim of this study was to determine whether specific physical alterations of chromosome 8 may be associated with disease recurrence and poor outcome using postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values as surrogate end points. Methods. To test this hypothesis, we examined paired normal and tumor radical prostatectomy tissues from 25 patients with prostate cancer for chromosome 8 alterations using dual fluorescence in situ hybridization with a fluorescein-labeled 8p22-specific (8p) cosmid probe and a rhodamine-labeled 8-centromere-specific (8c) probe. The probes were enumerated in 200 nuclei per tissue. Results. Of the 25 tumors examined, 22 demonstrated distinct classes of genetic alterations, or nuclear types, including disomy for 8p and 8c (1 tumor), loss of 8p and disomy for 8c (10 tumors), or loss of 8p concurrent with gain of 8c (11 tumors). The presence of even a small population of tumor nuclei characterized by the loss of 8p concurrent with the gain of 8c was correlated with poor tumor grade (P = 0.009), preoperative PSA values 11 ng/mL or higher (P = 0.022), high tumor stage (P = 0.086), and detectable, rising postoperative PSA values (P = 0.086). These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that a gain of chromosome 8 is associated with poor outcome in prostate cancer. Conclusions. 8p loss concurrent with 8c gain may successfully predict disease recurrence and poor clinical outcome before the observation of detectable postoperative PSA values in patients with prostate cancer.
A survey of rollback-recovery protocols in message-passing systems

This survey covers rollback-recovery techniques that do not require special language constructs. In the first part of the survey we classify rollback-recovery protocols into checkpoint-based and log-based.Checkpoint-based protocols rely solely on checkpointing for system state restoration. Checkpointing can be coordinated, uncoordinated, or communication-induced. Log-based protocols combine checkpointing with logging of nondeterministic events, encoded in tuples called determinants. Depending on how determinants are logged, log-based protocols can be pessimistic, optimistic, or causal. Throughout the survey, we highlight the research issues that are at the core of rollback-recovery and present the solutions that currently address them. We also compare the performance of different rollback-recovery protocols with respect to a series of desirable properties and discuss the issues that arise in the practical implementations of these protocols.
The Childhood of Dorjé Sangwatsel (b. 1814) and the Theme of the Deficient Parent in Tibetan Hagiography

This article focuses on a set of childhood narratives in the autobiography of Dorje Sangwatsel (b. 1814), a lama from southeastern Tibet. Looking in particular at his negative assessments of childhood guardians—including biological parents and early-life monastic mentors—this article explores the significance of deficient parenting narratives in Tibetan hagiography. After considering Dorje Sangwatsel’s autobiographical recollections of his guardians, I situate his accounts in conjunction with several other thematically similar stories and suggest three ways in which parents are deficient in Tibetan hagiography: deficient as cruel, narrow-minded, and immoral. In so doing, I hope to expose an implication of Dorje Sangwatsel’s reflections—namely, that stories of deficient parents versus awakened children help to fulfill Tibetan hagiography’s compulsion to demonstrate protagonists’ extraordinariness in each stage of life, childhood included. As such, the theme of the deficient parent, I suggest, functions as a literary strategy that potently exposes hagiographical exemplarity.
Physiological Role of Acyl Coenzyme A Synthetase Homologs in Lipid Metabolism in Neurospora crassa

ABSTRACT Acyl coenzyme A (CoA) synthetase (ACS) enzymes catalyze the activation of free fatty acids (FAs) to CoA esters by a two-step thioesterification reaction. Activated FAs participate in a variety of anabolic and catabolic lipid metabolic pathways, including de novo complex lipid biosynthesis, FA β-oxidation, and lipid membrane remodeling. Analysis of the genome sequence of the filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa identified seven putative fatty ACSs (ACS-1 through ACS-7). ACS-3 was found to be the major activator for exogenous FAs for anabolic lipid metabolic pathways, and consistent with this finding, ACS-3 localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, and septa. Double-mutant analyses confirmed partial functional redundancy of ACS-2 and ACS-3. ACS-5 was determined to function in siderophore biosynthesis, indicating alternative functions for ACS enzymes in addition to fatty acid metabolism. The N. crassa ACSs involved in activation of FAs for catabolism were not specifically defined, presumably due to functional redundancy of several of ACSs for catabolism of exogenous FAs.
The Status of Psychology of Religion: An Interview with Raymond F. Paloutzian:

Maureen P. Hester (MPH) is Professor of Psychology at Holy Names College (Oakland, CA). She has published research in humor, history, and group process. She teaches psychology of religion at Holy Names College and has also explored the relation between psychology and religion at local and national psychology teaching conferences. Raymond F. Paloutzian (RFP) is Professor of Psychology at Westmont College in Santa Barbara, CA. His original research in psychology of religion was on the conversion experience. In 1992–1993, he served as President of APA Division 36 (Psychology of Religion). Besides publishing articles on religious experience, he coedited a special issue of The Journal of Social Issues on the topic of “Religious Influences on Personal and Societal Well-Being.” His Invitation to the Psychology of Religion (1996) is in its second edition. In addition, Paloutzian coauthored the chapter on religion in John Santrock's Psychology (1997). He is the editor of The International Journal for the Psycholog...
A method of supporting collision avoidance for mobile robots in a smart space

The purpose of this study is to realize a system for supporting mobile robot's traveling based on a VR (Virtual Reality) in a smart space that is capable of monitoring a real space. The VR in the system is a kind of platform collecting and sharing the information from sensors in the space. The system has provided to support robot's avoidance moving object. 'Obstacle recognition area' is hypothetically provided a robot and any moving object as a rectangular parallelepiped using VR. The system supports to avoid a moving obstacle by calculating a path of the robot from information collected in the VR that the position relationship between the area in front of a robot and another area given ahead a moving obstacle. In addition, the system has provided to prevent a robot from colliding with wall and door. This can be achieved by watching a dangerous area around wall and door to consider the traveling direction of a robot with sensors installed in the space. This paper describes the system and experimental results performed with the system.
Event-based constraints for sensornet programming

We propose a sensornet programming model based on declarative spatio-temporal constraints on events only, not sensors. Where previous approaches conflate events and sensors because they are often colocated, a focus on events allows programmers to specify their intent more directly, and better supports remote sensing devices such as cameras, microphones, and rangefinders. In our model, complex events are specified as aggregations of events in time or space, without regard to sensor locations or communication paths. New techniques are required to aggregate events based on these constraints without knowledge of nearby nodes.We present a decentralized, scalable event detection framework that allows for efficient in-network aggregation without coupling events and sensors. First, we describe a SQL-style declarative language with spatio-temporal constraints between events that can be used to express complex events. Next, we show how these complex events can be assembled efficiently. The distributed event detection mechanism scales to very large networks, load balances work across sensors, and is fault tolerant to network partitions and node failure.
The wearing of compression hosiery for leg problems other than leg ulcers.

Many people have leg problems other than ulceration. Practitioners from one primary care trust in Suffolk considered nursing assessment of these patients and the fitting of prescribed compression hosiery where appropriate as a health promotion initiative. However, ongoing assessment adds to heavy clinical demands on community practitioners. Engaging with people to take greater responsibility for their health, and recognition that practice should be underpinned by credible evidence, provided the backdrop to a two-staged retrospective audit. Results are based on the nursing records of 101 patients wearing prescribed compression hosiery other than for previous venous ulceration. It was concluded that following an initial detailed holistic assessment, including ankle brachial pressure index, those patients who meet identified characteristics can be empowered to return for reassessment only if there is a change in their health status, or skin changes to their legs. An information leaflet is considered critical...
EFFECTIVE YOUTH MENTORS: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INITIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLEGE WOMEN MENTORS AND MENTEE SATISFACTION AND OUTCOME

To optimize the effectiveness of youth mentoring it is important to begin to identify specific preexisting characteristics of mentors that lead to positive experiences for adolescent mentees. College women mentors, aged 18 to 22 years, were paired with middle school girls, aged 11 to 14 years, for weekly one-on-one and group mentoring in an 8-month, school-based youth mentoring program. For the sampled 142 mentor-mentee dyads participating in the program, mentor's reported academic self-worth, parent relationship, and not being too autonomous were important preexisting characteristics related to mentee satisfaction. Mentor's initial level of depression was negatively correlated with mentee's self-reported improvement in competence, while mentor anxiety was positively correlated. Finally, the relationship between mentor's autonomy (negative) and ethnocultural empathy (positive) and mentee outcomes were stronger for cross-race versus same-race pairs. Implications for mentoring programs that use college students as youth mentors are discussed.
Comparison of the Third Wave Invader Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Assay and the Digene HPV Hybrid Capture 2 Assay for Detection of High-Risk HPV DNA

This study compared the clinical performance of the Digene Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2) assay to that of a prototype Third Wave Invader human papillomavirus (HPV) (IHPV) analyte-specific reagent-based assay for the detection of oncogenic or “high-risk” (HR) HPV DNA using liquid-based cytology specimens. In total, 821 ThinPrep vials were tested using both assays. In accordance with the type-specific probes contained within each test, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for the IHPV assay were 95.9%, 97.6%, 97.5%, and 96.1%, respectively, and those for the HC2 assay were 98.1%, 86.2%, 87.1%, and 97.9%. Overall, the sensitivity and NPV were comparable between the assays, but the IHPV assay demonstrated a better specificity and PPV, since the IHPV assay had fewer false-positive HR HPV results. The incorporation of an internal control to evaluate the cellularity of the test material is an important feature of the IHPV assay and should reduce the risk of false-negative results due to insufficient sample collection rather than the lack of HR HPV DNA. An additional benefit of the IHPV assay was the smaller sample volume required (1 ml versus 4 ml for the HC2 assay).
Reliability Analysis of Self-Healing Network using Discrete-Event Simulation

The number of processors embedded on high performance computing platforms is continuously increasing to accommodate user desire to solve larger and more complex problems. However, as the number of components increases, so does the probability of failure. Thus, both scalable and fault-tolerance of software are important issues in this field. To ensure reliability of the software especially under the failure circumstance, the reliability analysis is needed. The discrete-event simulation technique offers an attractive a ternative to traditional Markovian-based analytical models, which often have an intractably large state space. In this paper, we analyze reliability of a self-healing network developed for parallel runtime environments using discrete-event simulation. The network is designed to support transmission of messages across multiple nodes and at the same time, to protect against node and process failures. Results demonstrate the flexibility of a discrete-event simulation approach for studying the network behavior under failure conditions and various protocol parameters, message types, and routing algorithms.
Minority Women in Academia: Access and Barriers to Professional Participation

The experiences that women, especially minority-status women (African, Asian, Hispanic, and Native American), have in educational advancement in psychology is limited. This limited power was examined in two ways: (a) by reviewing the inclusion of minority women within academic psychology at undergraduate, graduate, job entry, and senior level positions within the profession and (b) by reviewing economic and social-psychological processes that unjustly serve as barriers to women.
Oct-tree-based multilevel low-rank decomposition algorithm for rapid 3-D parasitic extraction

Fast parasitic extraction is an integral part of high-speed microelectronic simulation at the package and on-chip level. Integral equation methods and related fast solvers for the iterative solution of the resulting dense matrix systems have enabled linear time complexity and memory usage. However, these methods tend to have large disparities between setup and matrix-vector product times that affect their efficiency when applied to multiple excitation problems, i.e., problems with a large number of nets. For example, FastCap, which is based on the fast multipole method, has a significantly faster setup time than the multilevel QR decomposition-based IES/sup 3/, but relatively slow matrix-vector products. In this paper, we present a novel oct-tree-based QR compression technique for fast iterative solution. The regular cube structure of the fast multipole method and the QR compression scheme for interaction submatrices as in IES/sup 3/ are combined to achieve a predetermined compressible matrix-block structure and, consequently, superior memory, setup, and solve time efficiencies.
BARACK IS THE NEW BLACK: Obama and the Promise/Threat of the Post–Civil Rights Era

Barack Obama's political strategies during the 2008 presidential election were those of a cohort of younger, new Black politicians, who have rewritten the playbook by which Blacks can win election. Their success suggests that White racism is no longer the insuperable barrier to Black success that it has been for all of American history and that the old style of Black politics, which relied heavily on racial bloc voting and influence peddling within the Black community, may be obsolete. However, Obama's strategy of not appealing to narrow racial solidarities but instead of drawing broad support from voters of all races cast a shadow of doubt on Obama's racial loyalties. It remains unclear whether the Obama phenomenon will mark the renewal of civil rights or the repudiation of its historical commitment to the most disadvantaged.
Lateral Resistance Using Steel Slit Panel Frames (SSPFs)

The Steel Slit Panel Frame (SSPF) system is a new Lateral Force Resisting System (LFRS) intended for zones of high seismicity. Its main components are: steel beams and columns simply connected, and steel slit panels (SSPs) which provide the strength, lateral stiffness and energy dissipation. SSPs are made from a steel plate; rows of vertical slits at equidistant spaces are cut, forming a series of links in between the slits. When the panel is subjected to horizontal displacement, the links behave as beams in double curvature, dissipating energy in flexure. When properly designed, the SSPs do not require heavy stiffening to control out-of-plane deformations. This paper provides an overview of the design process required for using a SSPF.
Varieties of Scientific Knowledge

Scientific knowledge is distinguished from other ways of knowing by uniquely granting to people the predictive capabilities they require for interacting competently in the material world. This chapter identifies and discusses the varieties of scientific knowledge that seem most salient in every society: descriptions, categories and classifications, empirical generalizations, experimental laws, recipes, theories, and models. It is shown that every kind of knowledge—even the most basic descriptions—enables prediction; and each is linked, directly or indirectly, to performances that artifacts mediate or create. Consequently, archaeologists, focusing on changes in apparatus, have limitless opportunities to study the reciprocal relationships between apparatus and the creation of new knowledge.
15-HETE-substituted diglycerides selectively regulate PKC isotypes in human tracheal epithelial cells

Human tracheal epithelial (TE) cells selectively incorporate their major lipoxygenase product, 15-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (15-HETE), into thesn-2 position of phosphatidylinositol (PI) (S. E. A...
Abstract P450: Young Women with Increased Cardiovascular Disease Risk Burden have Poor Health Literacy

Introduction: Young women are thought to have low cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, mortality due to ischemic heart disease has actually risen among women aged 35-44 years. We hypothesized that young women with increased CVD risk burden are more likely to misperceive body image and less likely to practice healthful behaviors. Methods: To determine CVD risk burden among young women (aged 18-49 years) of a primarily urban population, 569 women visiting outpatient medical clinics were assessed. Anthropometric measures [height, weight, waist, body mass index (BMI)], attitudes towards weight, and lifestyle behavior were determined. Body image self-perception was assessed using validated silhouette scales. Increased CVD risk burden was defined as presence of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, tobacco use, hyperlipidemia, and/or obesity. Results: Participants were Hispanic (62.7%; 357/569); non-Hispanic White (20.7%; 118/569); non-Hispanic Black (8.9%; 51/569) and Asian/other ethnicity (7.5%; 43/569); mean age was 35.9 years ± 8.1 and income $39,828 ± $20,229. BMI categories were: obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 , 27.4%; 155/569); overweight (BMI 25.0 - 29.9 kg/m 2 , 29.0%; 164/569); normal (BMI 18.5 - 24.9, 41.2%; 233/569); and underweight (BMI ≤ 18.4; 2.3%; 13/569). Women without CVD risk burden were the reference standard. Nearly half (47.7%; 271/569) had increased CVD risk burden; and 33.5% (190/569) had ≥ 1 CVD risk factor, exclusive of obesity, including hypertension (18.0%), hyperlipidemia (11.5%), current tobacco use (10.2%), and diabetes mellitus (5.8%). Women with increased CVD risk were less likely to correctly identify body size (48.3% vs. 69.4%, p Conclusion: Paradoxically, though aware of their CVD risk factors and with heightened weight concerns, young women with increased CVD risk burden misperceive their body size and lack healthy behavior knowledge. A disconnect exists between this group’s recognition of their underlying risk and ability to modify their lifestyle to decrease CVD risk burden.
Isolated Ocular Manifestation of Relapsed Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia Presenting as Myeloid Blast Crisis in a Patient on Imatinib Therapy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Blast phase in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has rarely been reported to involve extramedullary sites like skin, lymph nodes, and central nervous system. Clinical history, characteristic hematologic findings (elevated leukocyte counts, myelocytic predominance, and basophilia), and Philadelphia chromosome are of high diagnostic significance especially in isolated extramedullary presentations. We describe a unique case of CML relapse with blast phase involving the eye. A 66-year-old man with a known diagnosis of CML on imatinib and in molecular remission for 3 years presented with a painful blind eye. Histologic examination revealed diffuse involvement of choroid, iris, vitreous humor, and the optic nerve by blast cells. The blasts expressed CD34, aberrant TdT, and a myeloid phenotype (CD13, CD33, and CD117). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of vitreous fluid detected BCR-ABL1 gene rearrangement. Additionally, trisomy 8 and gains of 9 and 22 were seen which were not present in the initial diagnostic marrow study 3 years ago. At relapse, the bone marrow, peripheral blood, and the cerebrospinal fluid were not involved by CML. Patient received induction chemotherapy and single dose prophylactic intrathecal methotrexate and was maintained on antityrosine kinase therapy and eventually underwent allogenic stem cell transplantation.
Effects of combination PPARγ agonist and angiotensin receptor blocker on glomerulosclerosis

We previously observed that high-dose angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) can induce regression of existing glomerulosclerosis. We also found that proliferator-activated recepto-γ (PPARγ) agonist can attenuate glomerulosclerosis in a nondiabetic model of kidney disease, with specific protection of podocytes. We now assessed effects of combination therapy with ARB and pioglitazone on established glomerulosclerosis. Sprague-Dawley male rats underwent 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6 Nx) at week 0 and renal biopsy at week 8. Rats were randomized to groups with equal starting moderate glomerulosclerosis, and treated with ARB, PPARγ agonist (pioglitazone), combination or vehicle from weeks 8 to 12. Body weight, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and urinary protein (UP) were measured at intervals. In rats with established sclerosis, SBP, UP, and GS were equal in all groups at week 8 before treatment by study design. Untreated control rats had hypertension, decreased GFR, and progressive proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis at week 12. Only combination therapy significantly ameliorated hypertension and proteinuria. ARB alone or pioglitazone alone had only numerically lower SBP and UP than vehicle at week 12. Both pioglitazone alone and combination had significantly less decline in GFR than vehicle. Combination-induced regression of glomerulosclerosis in more rats from weeks 8 to 12 than ARB or pioglitazone alone. In parallel, combination treatment reduced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 expression and macrophage infiltration, and preserved podocytes compared with vehicle. These results were linked to increased AT2 receptor and Mas1 mRNA in the combination group. PPARγ agonists in combination with ARB augment regression of glomerulosclerosis, with downregulation of injurious RAAS components vs PPARγ alone, with increased anti-fibrotic/healing RAAS components, enhanced podocyte preservation, and decreased inflammation and profibrotic mechanisms.
Expanded Throttling Capabilities of the NEXT Thruster

Performance data obtained at The Aerospace Corporation for the NEXT Prototype Model Thruster operating at high thrust-to-power conditions were documented. Some of these conditions represent a natural extension to the existing NEXT throttle table and may be advantageous for NASA science mission applications. Other higher thrust conditions may have broader mission applicability. All throttle conditions are compatible with the existing NEXT thruster and associated NEXT subsystems, without modification.
CO2 adhesion on hydrated mineral surfaces.

Hydrated mineral surfaces in the environment are generally hydrophilic but in certain cases can strongly adhere CO2, which is largely nonpolar. This adhesion can significantly alter the wettability characteristics of the mineral surface and consequently influence capillary/residual trapping and other multiphase flow processes in porous media. Here, the conditions influencing adhesion between CO2 and homogeneous mineral surfaces were studied using static pendant contact angle measurements and captive advancing/receding tests. The prevalence of adhesion was sensitive to both surface roughness and aqueous chemistry. Adhesion was most widely observed on phlogopite mica, silica, and calcite surfaces with roughness on the order of ∼10 nm. The incidence of adhesion increased with ionic strength and CO2 partial pressure. Adhesion was very rarely observed on surfaces equilibrated with brines containing strong acid or base. In advancing/receding contact angle measurements, adhesion could increase the contact angle ...
Experimental Assessment of Soils to Be Used for Land Application of Vegetable and Fruit By-productsLand Application of Vegetable By-products

Infiltration and chemical transport rates are needed to select sites for land application of food-processing vegetable by-products. Sandy soils and dry, cracked clay soils tested with double-ring infiltrometers have infiltration rates of 0.08 to 0.26 cm/min, whereas silty soils have rates of less than 0.05 cm/min. Infiltration rates measured using a tomato slurry are lower, regardless of the nature of the soil (0.01 cm/min or less) because the suspended solids plug soil porosity. Chemical transport was quantified by repeated sampling of control (not dosed) and experimental (dosed with vegetable by-products) lysimeters filled with silty sand and silty clay. The silty sand lysimeters showed progressive increases in the values of copper, HCO3, chlorine (Cl), total dissolved solids (TDS), fixed dissolved solids (FDS), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) between the control and experimental lysimeters, and decreases in pH and SO4 at a solute front rate of about 0.5 cm/d. The silty clay lysimeters showed progressive increases in the values of Cl, TDS, FDS, Ca, Mg, and Fe between the samplings; mild increases for HCO3, Na, and K; and decreases in pH and SO4. Anions were not retained by adsorption onto the soil, monovalent cations (Na, K) were slightly retarded by adsorption, and divalent cations were significantly retarded (Ca, Mg). The infiltration study indicated a better hydraulic performance from silty sands than from ripped or cracked clay soils, but the chemical transport observations suggest good adsorption of cations onto clay soils. Silty sands with some clay are the best compromise for hydraulic performance and chemical transport.
Dissimilation in the second language acquisition of Mandarin Chinese tones

This article extends Optimality Theoretic studies to the research on second language tone phonology. Specifically, this work analyses the acquisition of identical tone sequences in Mandarin Chinese by adult speakers of three non-tonal languages: English, Japanese and Korean. This study finds that the learners prefer not to use identical lexical tones on adjacent syllables, especially the contour tone sequences. It is argued that the Obligatory Contour Principle (OCP) was playing a role in shaping the second language Chinese tonal phonology even though it was not learned from these speakers’ native languages, nor found widely applied in the target language. The acquisition order of tone pairs suggests an interacting effect of the OCP and the Tonal Markedness Scale. This study presents a constraint-based analysis and proposes a four-stage path of OCP sub-constraint re-ranking to account for the error patterns found in the phonological experiment.
Design of PV Power Forecasting System Based on Groud-Based Cloud Image Analysis

Due to the fluctuation and intermittent nature of PV power, the power output of PV power station also fluctuates. It brings great difficulties for power output forecasting of PV power station. Forecasting results provided by traditional PV power output forecasting technologies using physical/statistical model combined with NWP is hysteretic in condition of cloud shielding. Based on the research of on-line analysis on ground-based cloud image, this paper proposes a roadmap of PV power forecasting system based on ground-based cloud image analysis, which consists of several key technologies including cloud recognition, cloud shielding prediction, distortion correction, projection transformation and integration with cloud forcing analysis/photoelectric conversion models. Theoretical analysis and experiment results show that the method tends to provide reasonable short term forecasting accuracy for one hour forecasting step or 2 to 4 hours forecasting step and can be widely used.
182 ACTIVITY-INDUCED AXONAL SPROUTING IN THE POST-STROKE RAT MOTOR CORTEX.

Stroke is the leading cause of adult disability. Despite this great impact, the mechanisms of recovery after stroke remain poorly understood. Stroke induces neurons near the damage to sprout new connections, a process termed post-stroke axonal sprouting. Post-stroke axonal sprouting correlates in location and magnitude with functional recovery. In patients, recovery after stroke is enhanced by forced overuse of the affected limb—a process termed constraint-induced therapy. We hypothesized that constraint-induced therapy will stimulate an increased degree of axonal sprouting in the brain after stroke. If this hypothesis is correct, the gene systems that are activated by constraint-induced therapy can be identified and used to develop pharmacological treatments that promote axonal spouting. Small strokes were produced near the forelimb motor cortex, causing weakness in the contralateral forelimb. To label axons in the motor cortex, a lentivirus coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP) was injected into the rat forelimb motor cortex at the time of stroke, which leads to integration of the GFP gene into neuronal DNA and expression of GFP throughout the neuronal cell body. After stroke, animals were split into three groups: stroke + Botox, stroke alone, and control (no stroke) groups. Botox was injected into the (good) forelimb ipsilateral to the stroke. Botox produces muscular paralysis without sensory loss and constrains the rat to overuse the affected limb. After 4 weeks, animals9 brains were sectioned coronally and tangentially and processed for GFP immunohistochemistry to label neuronal projections and cytochrome oxidase to label the circuits of the rat sensorimotor cortex. Sections will be quantitatively mapped for the extent of labeled axonal projections using computer-assisted brain mapping software. The total length and direction of labeled axons will be statistically compared between stroke-no Botox, stroke-Botox, and control animals.
Does receiving care in a medical home reduce racial/ethnic disparities in ED visits among children with asthma in the United States?:

Evidence has shown the implementation of medical home model improves care quality and outcomes. However, it is not clear whether receiving care from a medical home has any impact on racial/ethnic d...
Cr doping and heat treatment effect on core–shell Ni nanocluster film

Core–shell nickel (CS-Ni) and 5 at.% chromium-doped nickel (CS-Ni5Cr) nanocluster (NC) films, prepared by a nanocluster deposition system, were studied for heat treatment (HT)-induced structural, physical, and magnetic property alterations. Understanding the HT influence and oxidation mechanism at nanoscale can make these nanomaterials potential candidates for applications that involve stainless steel alloys. The contribution of Cr doping in altering the microstructural and relative oxidation kinetics was investigated in detail before and after the HT. The oxidation mechanism describes that the cation diffusivity increases following the doping of 5 at.% of Cr in Ni, which makes the oxidation rate of Ni5Cr HT higher than that of Ni-HT. At a temperature of 600 °C, a dramatic change was observed in surface morphology with many island-like nanostructures on the surface of Ni5Cr. The interface structure of the Cr-rich oxide layer plays a key role in the islands formation via agglomeration of NCs. The as-prepared and HT samples were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometer to provide an insight on the effectiveness of chromium-doped nickel film.
The Three-Dimensional Structure of p53

The p53 tumor suppressor is one of the best studied human proteins. As described in this chapter, significant progress has been made towards understanding its three-dimensional structure. The structural information has helped our understanding of p53 function and regulation and has also explained how tumor-associated mutations inactivate p53. The challenge now is to extend the structural studies to visualize multidomain fragments of p53 and even full-length p53. Structures of p53 with important partner molecules, such as transcriptional coactivators, are also needed. In the end the structural information is likely to form the basis for pharmacologic rescue of p53 function in human cancer.
The Philosophical Significance of Stein's Paradox

Charles Stein discovered a paradox in 1955 that many statisticians think is of fundamental importance. Here we explore its philosophical implications. We outline the nature of Stein’s result and of subsequent work on shrinkage estimators; then we describe how these results are related to Bayesianism and to model selection criteria like AIC. We also discuss their bearing on scientific realism and instrumentalism. We argue that results concerning shrinkage estimators underwrite a surprising form of holistic pragmatism.
Tuning the magnetic properties of Fe 50-x Mn x Pt 50 thin films

Abstract The magnetic and structural properties of highly ordered (S ∼ 0.82) epitaxial Fe50−xMnxPt50 thin films were investigated. L10 Fe50−xMnxPt50 (x = 0, 6, 9, 12 and 15) thin films with a constant thickness of 45 nm were prepared by co-sputtering Fe50Pt50 and Mn50Pt50 on to MgO (100) single crystal substrate. We find a significant increase in the coercivity for FeMnPt thin films. We have shown that this increase coincides with a tetragonal distortion, while a recent first principles study of Mn doped FePt showed the sub lattice ordering of ferromagnetically aligned Mn atoms would lead to increase in magnetic anisotropy in the FeMnPt ternary alloy system with fixed Pt concentration. At x = 12 the coercivity has increased by 46.4% relative to that of Fe50Pt50 (x = 0). We attribute the increase in coercivity to the tetragonal distortion as the experimentally determined c/a ratio is larger than the expected c/a ratio for ferromagnetically ordered Mn atoms in the sublattice at the concentration x = 12. High temperature deposition and high temperature annealing was applied to achieve large coercivity in Mn doped FePt as these process lead to the observed tetragonal distortion.
Abstract WP376: Using the Plan-Do-Study-Act Model to Improve IV TPA Administration Times

Background: Current guidelines for management of acute ischemic stroke include distinct recommendations regarding IV Tissue Plasminogen Activator (TPA) administration times. While 75% of all stroke...
Incentive-Based Mechanism for Truthful Occupant Comfort Feedback in Human-in-the-Loop Building Thermal Management

Energy inefficiency and underlying occupant discomfort associated with building thermal management systems have led to the development of a human-in-the-loop control system. Minimizing total energy use and maximizing comfort of all the occupants present is the major objective of such system based on human comfort feedback. However, the approaches proposed so far lack a built-in mechanism to elicit truthful comfort feedback from the occupants. In this paper, we utilize an incentive-based mechanism design framework to elicit true thermal comfort feedback (function) from the occupants present. This requires the building occupants to “purchase” or spend credits to achieve their personalized comfort levels within their zone of occupancy. The comfort pricing policy has been derived as an extension of the Vickrey–Clarke–Groves pricing. It ensures incentive compatibility of the mechanism, which implies that an occupant acting in self-interest cannot stand to benefit by declaring their comfort function untruthfully. This would hold irrespective of the thermal comfort choices made by the other occupants present in the building. We further propose as to how this mechanism could be implemented in practice with limited comfort feedback complexity, where the building operator would iteratively learn and refine the occupants comfort function based on simple 2-D comfort feedback (preferred temperature setting, and willingness-to-pay value) by the occupant. Simulations using parameters based on our Watervliet experimental facility demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism.
Lung malignancy in prostate cancer: A report of both metastatic and primary lung lesions.

Prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men. When it metastasizes, it usually spreads to bone and/or lymph nodes. A handful of cases have described prostatic metastases to the lung; however, this is usually in the setting of existing bone lesions [1]. Here we describe a unique case in which a patient was found to have both metastatic prostate cancer to the lung and a primary lung cancer in the absence of any other evidence of extra-prostatic disease.
'Sit and tilt' preparation for subscapular system free flaps.

Background: The ablation of advanced head and neck cancer often results in large three-dimensional defects that require free tissue transfer to optimally address functional and cosmetic issues. The subscapular system is a highly versatile donor site for flaps used for head and neck reconstruction. Traditional methods of harvesting subscapular flaps require repositioning and re-preparing, which significantly increases the operative time and prevents simultaneous harvesting of the flap. Method: This paper presents our experience of a single-stage ‘sit and tilt’ technique, which provides a convenient method for harvesting subscapular system free flaps without significant repositioning. Results and conclusion: This technique was used for a variety of head and neck defects, and body habitus did not seem to affect free tissue harvesting. It is hoped that utilisation of this preparation and harvesting technique will make head and neck surgeons more willing to take advantage of the subscapular system.
CRT-100.23 The Effect of Index Admission Revascularization on Readmission Over Time After Myocardial Infarction

Readmission after myocardial infarction (MI) is a publicly reported quality metric. Readmission rates, however, are calculated independent of the treatment received while admitted for MI. We sought to evaluate the effect of revascularization on the risk of readmission after MI over time. Patients
Performance and Return to Sport After Tommy John Surgery Among Major League Baseball Position Players

Background:The anterior bundle of the medial ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) is the primary restraint to valgus stress at the elbow and is often injured among overhead throwing athletes. Despite prevention strategies, injuries to the elbow UCL are on the rise.Purpose:To determine (1) the return-to-sport (RTS) rate of Major League Baseball (MLB) position players after elbow medial UCL reconstruction, (2) postoperative career length and games per season, (3) pre- and postoperative performance, (4) postoperative performance versus matched control players, and (5) whether position players changed positions after UCL reconstruction.Study Design:Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods:MLB players who underwent elbow UCL reconstruction were identified (cases). Demographic and performance data were collected for each player. Matched controls were identified. RTS in MLB was defined as playing in at least 1 MLB game after UCL reconstruction. Comparisons between case and control groups and pre- and postoperative ...
Acid- and Redox-Responsive Smart Polymeric Nanomaterials for Controlled Drug Delivery

In cancer therapy, the lack of selectivity of anticancer drug remains a major challenge for chemotherapy. Polymeric nanomaterials have enabled more effective drug design and development through tumor passive and active targeted drug delivery strategies. Considering the possible inefficient drug release at the tumor site, stimuli-responsive chemical bonds were introduced into the polymeric nanocarriers for controlled drug release and enhanced therapeutic efficacy toward tumor. Numerous external and internal stimuli were applied to trigger the chemical structure change of polymeric nanovehicles, causing microstructural rearrangement, hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance transformation, or disassembly into single polymer chains. Characteristic changes in tumor site such as pH (~pH 6.8 in tumor microenvironment and ~pH 5–6 in endosomes/lysosomes) or reductive/oxidative gradients in cytoplasm/mitochondria have been investigated extensively as internal stimuli for triggering drug release from polymeric nanocarriers. Therefore, it is important to develop acid- and redox-responsive polymeric nanomaterials as potential anticancer nanodrugs. In this review, we summarize recent progress in the preparation of these responsive polymers and their applications in anticancer drug delivery. We will focus on chemical structure, stimuli-responsive bond, self-assembly property, and drug release behavior of polymeric nanomaterials, which may offer a guide for optimal design of smart targeted nanodrugs in clinical cancer treatment.
MULTIPLICITY OF NADPH- AND NADH-SUPPORTED N- AND O-DEALKYLATING SYSTEMS OF HEPATIC MICROSOMES

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the multiplicity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate–oxidase (NADPH)– and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH)–supported N– and O–dealkylating systems of hepatic microsomes. NADPH– and NADH–supported O– and N–dealkylation reactions were studied with respect to their requirements for O 2, inhibition by CO, inducibility by phenobarbital (PB) or 3–methylcholanthrene (MC), and synergism of the NADPH–supported reactions by NADH. O–dealkylation reactions used p–nitrophenetole (p–NP), ethoxyresorufin (ER), and ethylmorphine (EM) as substrates; EM was used for the N–dealkylation reaction. The NADH synergism of NADPH–supported EM N–demethylation is mediated directly via cytochrome b 5 . A mechanism of NADH–synergism of NADPH–supported O–deethylation of pNP can be postulated in which electrons from NADH are transferred via cytochrome b 5 and an NADH–dependent P-450, which cannot function at a low pO 2 /, to a NADPH–dependent P-450, which can.