cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Amperometric hydrogen peroxide sensor electrodes coated with electropolymerized tyrosine derivative and phenolic films

Abstract Amphiphilic decyl ester derivatives of the amino acids d - and l -tyrosine (DEDT and DELT) self-assemble into long rod-like or tubular aggregate structures in aqueous buffered solutions as visualized by SEM or light microscopy. We demonstrate that electrochemical polymerization of DEDT and DELT at concentrations lower than their critical micelle concentration values, via cyclic potential scanning between −0.20 and 1.00 V versus Ag | AgCl in phosphate buffered solution pH 6.5, forms stable films on Pt electrodes. Enzymes such as horse-radish peroxidase (HRP) can be physically entrapped within the polymer films during electropolymerization. The ability of Pt electrodes, covered by these tyrosine based thin films as well as phenolic films, to measure varying H2O2 concentrations directly, or via enzymatic intermediates, was examined at two different potentials. The first is +0.85 V, the potential for direct electrode oxidation of H2O2. The second is −0.05 V, the potential for HRP reduction to its native state following the reduction of H2O2 by HRP. At both potentials, the thin film covered electrodes gave stable chronoamperometric responses to H2O2 in the concentration range from 1×10−5 to 1×10−2 M, which were linear in two different concentration regions and which possessed linear log–log plots over the entire concentration range. The polymer thin films also significantly prevented electrochemical interference to H2O2 sensing from ascorbic acid. In these respects, the electropolymerized thin films derived from DEDT and DELT are similar to other electropolymerized phenolic thin films. These results demonstrate that stable H2O2 sensing electrodes may be formed electrochemically from amphiphilic derivatives of phenolic compounds. In certain sensing situations, these film electrodes may be advantageous due to potentially selective permeabilities associated with their hydrophobic derivatization.
Sixteen Cycles of Recurrent Full-Sib Family Selection for Grain Weight in Two Maize Populations

Full-sib family selection for greater grain weight per plant is expected to increase the frequency of favorable alleles for this trait in random-mating populations of maize (Zea mays L.). This study was undertaken to assess responses to selection and changes in genetic variances accumulated during 16 cycles in (i) the open-pollinated population Jarvis Golden Prolific, and (ii) the population descended for the F 2 generation of the single cross NC7×CI21
Sense of Sensing: From Data to Informed Decisions for the Built Environment

There is currently an explosion of research on microsensor and wireless network technology, and methods of discerning structural state from such data. Besides the inherent interest in such fascinating technology, the question remains as to why an owner, operator, or user of the built environment should care. The construction industry is now adopting new types of contracting practice. Previously the contractor simply implemented a given design, but the current trend is for clients to commission certain performance requirements to be met with performance-based design. The emphasis of the industry is becoming the delivery of certain structural behavior states rather than simply building to a client’s set plans. The contracting process becomes the determination of the performance criteria, and delivery becomes a long-term fulfillment of these criteria. This can only take place if the performance states can be measured, and the measurement utilized in a decision-making process. The tools needed for both the ev...
Postmodernism and Networks of Cyberterrorists

This article exemplifies the very notion that cyberterrorist networks are postmodern types of networks, where no leadership is needed, no center exists, and where communication is ultra-flexible and quasi-limitless. As opposed to conventional terrorist organizations, with their hierarchical structures that are vertically designed, cyberterrorist organizations are actually not organizations. They do not exhibit an intrinsically "group" or "design" nature. Rather, they are volatile and unexpected, a very postmodern attribute. The postmodern concept of hyperreal is described in this analysis. "Hyperreal" suggests a "reality" that supersedes the world. As such, cyberspace is the new public sphere and it is postmodern; it treasures the concept of the "public" while disengaging it from any particular time or place. As a result, the postmodern map of cyberspace becomes the totality itself, superseding the world. Hyperreal also implies that cyberspace enables the "self" to become fluid, a flow of identity that converges under the sign of the virtual environment. As such, this article purports itself to define postmodernism and to discuss its application to cyberspace with respect to (1) Baudrillard's hyperreal/real continuum, (2) the fragmentation, fluidity, and decentralization of the self, (3) postmodernism and cyberterrorism, (4) the organizational challenges faced by cybersecurity and law enforcement agents, and (5) the absence of leadership in cyberterrorist networks.
ANAESTHESIA FOR PROFOUND SELECTIVE AUTOCEREBRAL COOLING AND CIRCULATORY ARREST OF HUMAN BRAIN

SUMMARY A new technique for localized profound hypothermia of the human brain, with a period of cerebral circulatory arrest applying an autoperfusion technique, was successfully employed for the first time on a human being. It made possible total removal of a large frontal lobe tumour that had been impossible to remove under moderate body hypothermia on a previous attempt. A detailed report of this case, as it relates to the anaesthetic management of this unique method of surgery is presented. (A brief description of the surgical implications of this technique has been previously published (White et al., 1969).) The method used is comparatively simple and free from many of the usual anaesthetic complications and technical difficulties associated with other methods of hypothermia and/or circulatory arrest. It was also possible to do without a perfusion pump, thus avoiding the adverse effects on the autoregulatory mechanisms of the brain circulation asssociated with the use of a pump.
A Systematic Study Of The Effect Of Hooking Upon Contact On The Performance Of Electrolytically Etched Point Contact MOM Diodes

To resolve the controversy regarding hooking of the whisker tip without damage as a reliable method for stabilizing the MOM point contact diode without significant degradation of diode performance, a systematic study is implemented to control the fabrication of such tips, the contacting process and monitoring of diode performance in the microwave and mm wave region. The fabrication and contacting processes are monitored by microscopes, and the tip with and without hooking is scrutinized with the SEM. Results so far have indicated the reproducibility of the etching process, and the tolerance range of tip dimensions that will make contacting process and surface less critical. Improvement in stability is also significant with controlled hooking of the tip with no noticeable loss of diode sensitivity. The stability is long term and is quite immune to moderate vibrations and laser heating. Diode performance is monitored at 10 and 50 GHz in direct detection and mixing both before and after hooking.
Getting a Grip on Licensing: Mechanism of Stable Mcm2-7 Loading onto Replication Origins

A recent Molecular Cell paper by Randell et al. (2006) sheds light on the role of ATP hydrolysis by Cdc6 in promoting the stable loading of the Mcm2-7 complex onto origins of DNA replication.
Word Learning From Baby Videos

Objective To examine whether children between 12 and 25 months of age learn words from an infant-directed DVD designed for that purpose. Design Half of the children received a DVD to watch in their home over the course of 6 weeks. Setting All participants returned to a laboratory for testing on vocabulary acquisition every 2 weeks. Participants Ninety-six 12- to 24-month-old children. Main Exposure Baby videos. Main Outcome Measures Parent report and observational measures of vocabulary acquisition related to words highlighted in the DVD; parent report of general language development; and parent report of children's media use. Results The age at first viewing of baby DVDs was related to children's general language development. There was no evidence of learning words highlighted in the infant-directed DVD independent of parental intervention. Conclusions Researchers should continue to examine whether infant-directed media are effective in teaching infants and toddlers content and consider the cognitive factors related to whether very young viewers should be expected to learn from a DVD. Published online March 1, 2010 (doi:10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.24).
Effects of longitudinal small-group learning on delivery and receipt of communication skills feedback.

Objectives Although feedback is a critical component of learning, recent data suggest that learners may discount feedback they receive. The emotional threat inherent in feedback can contribute to its ineffectiveness, particularly for sensitive topics like communication skills. Longitudinal relationships among peers may increase their sense of safety and soften the perceived threat of feedback to allow students to give, receive and potentially more effectively incorporate feedback. We studied the effects of prior shared learning experiences among medical students in the delivery and receipt of feedback on clinical (communication) skills. Methods During a formative clinical skills examination, we divided Year 3 students at a US medical school into two subgroups comprising, respectively, small-group classmates from a 2-year longitudinal pre-clerkship clinical skills course (with prior peer-learning relationships), and peers with no prior shared small-group coursework. Students in both subgroups observed peers in a simulated clinical case and then provided feedback, which was videotaped, transcribed and coded. Feedback recipients also completed a survey on their perceptions of the feedback. Results Students valued the feedback they received and intended to enact it, regardless of whether they had prior peer-learning relationships. Coding of feedback revealed high specificity. Feedback providers who had prior peer-learning relationships with recipients provided more specific corrective feedback on communication skills than those with no such relationships (p = 0.014); there was no significant difference between subgroups in the provision of reinforcing feedback on communication skills. Conclusions Year 3 medical student peers can deliver specific feedback on clinical skills; prior peer-learning relationships in pre-clerkship clinical skills courses enrich the provision of specific corrective feedback about communication skills. Feedback between peers with pre-existing peer-learning relationships represents an additional and potentially underutilised method of helping students improve clinical skills in sensitive realms such as interpersonal communication.
Mutual attraction: does it benefit the host or the bug?

Granulomas are thought to be immunological barriers that effectively contain mycobacteria. This hypothesis is now challenged by data that show granulomas are dynamic entities permissive to bacterial latency and reinfection.
Institutional theory and the stability of a conflict model of the incarceration rate

A conflict model of incarceration rates in the United States is presented and then tested for three years in recent correctional history. The model, hypothesizing the effects of both social structural characteristics and the crime rate, is supported and appears to be relatively stable over the three periods. Two variables, percentage of the population black and violent crime rate, appear to be strong and consistent predictors of the incarceration rate. In addition, there is some limited support for institutional theorists' claim that during an era of increased political scrutiny and externally imposed change, the normally “loosely coupled” criminal justice system may become more “tightly coupled” and may exhibit more predictable outcomes.
Getting Started as a Medical Teacher in Times of Change

Medical school teaching is a skill that is very often learned on the job. The faculty comprised of researchers and clinicians are expert in many biomedical disciplines, but familiarity with learning theories and pedagogy are usually not included in their knowledge and skill sets. The pressure to see patients and acquire extramural funding leaves little time for faculty to learn how to teach. When coupled with the natural attrition of senior faculty, it is necessary to start junior faculty on the correct path to being effective medical educators who are capable of lecturing and facilitating. Institutions cannot afford to have medical educators learn through trial and error. The standards set by the Liaison Committee on Medical Education (LCME) are also creating an urgency to produce competent teachers as quickly as possible. Novice teachers need to be able to use these standards to align their teaching with goals, objectives, and the appropriate pedagogy. This article is designed to be a self-directed guide describing some essentials that a newly hired faculty member can quickly use to get started. An institutional faculty development program can then serve to build upon and enrich the experience for the new faculty member.
Moderate deviations for Markovian occupation times

Abstract In this paper, we establish the moderate deviations for occupation times of Markov processes under the conditions given in Darling–Kac (1957. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 84, 444–458). When applied to the law of the iterated logarithm, our results generalize those obtained in Marcus–Rosen (1994a. Ann. Probab. 22, 626–658; 1994b. Ann. Inst. Henri Poincare Probab. Statist. 30, 467–499) for Levy processes and random walks, and those obtained recently by the author (1999. Ann. Probab. 27, 1324–1346) for Harris recurrent Markov chains.
Evaluation and management of bone disease and fractures post transplant

Bone disease is common in recipients of kidney, liver, heart, and lung transplants and results in fractures in 20-40% of patients, a rate much higher than expected for age. Fractures occur because of the presence of bone disease as well as other factors such as neuropathy, poor balance, inactivity, and low body or muscle mass. Major contributors to bone disease include both preexisting bone disease and bone loss post transplant, which is greatest in the first 6-12 months when steroid doses are highest. Bone disease in kidney transplant recipients should be considered different from that which occurs in other solid organ transplant recipients for several reasons including the presence of renal osteodystrophy, which contributes to low bone mineral density in these patients; the location of fractures (more common in the legs and feet in these patients than in spine and hips as in other solid organ recipients); and the potential danger in using bisphosphonate therapy, which may cause more harm than good in kidney transplant recipients with low bone turnover. Evaluation in all patients should preferably occur in the pretransplant period or early post transplant and should include assessment of fracture risk as well as metabolic factors that can contribute to bone disease. Bone mineral density measurement is recommended in all patients even if its predictive value for fracture risk in the transplant population is unproven. Management of bone disease should be directed toward decreasing fracture risk as well as improving bone density. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic treatment strategies are discussed in this review. Although there have been many studies describing a beneficial effect of bisphosphonates and vitamin D analogues on bone density, none have been powered to detect a decrease in fracture rate.
Characterization of Devonian Ohio Shale SDO‐1 as a USGS Geochemical Reference Sample

Recommended concentrations for 38 elements in the U.S. Geological Survey reference sample, Ohio Shale (Devonian) SDO-1, are presented here. For an additional 25 elements, average concentrations or ranges are reported for information. Also presented are the supporting analytical data and a description of the statistical procedure used in deriving recommended concentrations from that data. The sample is a brownish-black, fissile, platy shale containing flattened pyrite nodules and a high organic content. It is typical of “eastern gas shale”, in contrast to the USGS reference sample SGR-1, which typifies oil shale from the Green River Formation. SDO-1 was collected from the Huron Member of the Late Devonian Ohio Shale in western Rowan County, Kentucky. The sample is available as fine splits for detailed chemical analysis and as coarse splits for hand, microscopic, and microfossil examination.
Vascular neuroeffector mechanisms: the next 30 years.

Abstract The 10th International Symposium on Vascular Neuroeffector Mechanisms was held on 12–15 July 2002 in Lake Tahoe, California, USA.
VASCULAR DISEASE AND LIPIDS IN DIABETES

Atherosclerosis kills more patients with diabetes than all other causes combined. Aggressive reversal and treatment of dyslipidemias is the only proven prevention for coronary events in the patient with type 2 diabetes. Glycemic control with diet, oral hypoglycemic agents, and insulin, when necessary, is often only partially effective in normalizing lipid values in type 2 diabetes. Intensive treatment with lipid-regulating agents, particularly HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, is often necessary to normalize diabetes-associated dyslipidemias. HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are also the only agents thus far shown in prospective multicenter trials to reduce the risk of coronary events in diabetic patients.
The influence of random delays on parallel execution times

Stochastic models are widely used for the performance evaluation of parallel programs and systems. The stochastic assumptions in such models exe intended to represent non-deterministic processing requirements as well as random delays due to inter-process communication end resource contention. In this paper, we provide compelling analytical and experimental evidence that in current and foreseeable shared-memory programs, communication delays introduce negligible variance into the execution time between synchronization points. Furthermore, we show using direct measurements of variance that other sources of randomness, particularly non-deterministic computational requirements, also do not introduce significant variance in many programs. We then use two examples to demonstrate the implications of these results for parallel program performance prediction models, as well as for general stochastic models of parallel systems.
Reactivation of cocaine reward memory engages the Akt/GSK3/mTOR signaling pathway and can be disrupted by GSK3 inhibition.

Rational Memories return to a labile state following their retrieval and must undergo a process of reconsolidation to be maintained. Thus, disruption of cocaine reward memories by interference with reconsolidation may be therapeutically beneficial in the treatment of cocaine addiction.
Male interactions in a group of Malaŵi cichlids

The haplochromine cichlids of the East African rift lakes comprise one of the most diverse radiations of vertebrates. The goal of the study was to investigate sexual selection in the Mbuna, a group of Lake Malaŵi haplochromine cichlids. In particular, the effects of male morphology, dominance behaviour, and territory were investigated in the context of female territory visits and male territory preference analyses. Female visits of males in the field were associated with aspects of male behaviour, body depth, and territory. Data from the laboratory suggest that males hold similar preferences for types of territory which to defend. It is suggested that male–male interaction should be given more attention in the study of the reproductive isolation and differential male mating success in the Mbuna cichlids of Lake Malaŵi.
Positional stability of sources during low-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical carcinoma

Abstract Purpose: A presumed advantage of high dose rate gynecologic applicators is the fixed relationship maintained between applicator and anatomic structures during the brief exposure. However, it has never been demonstrated that movement of applicators during low dose rate procedures is significant. Therefore, we assessed the magnitude of changes in positioning and attendant alterations in dosimetry which occur during LDR applications. Methods and Materials: Fifteen consecutive cervix cancer patients who were treated with combined external beam and brachytherapy (Fletcher-Suit-Delclos applicator), agreed to have orthogonal pelvic radiographs prior to after-loading and following removal of Cesium-137 sources. Results: The median duration of the insertion was 56.5 hours. The average shift was 3.0 mm. Detailed analysis of source movement showed the following changes in median dose (external plus implant): point A, 1.4%; point B, 1.7%; point P, 0.9%; bladder point, 1.9%; rectal point, 2.6%. Conclusion: The geometric relationships between the intracavitary gynecologic applicator and the target tissue as well as the critical structures can be adequately maintained throughout the course of a low dose rate implant. Source movement does not result in significant dose changes in terms of decreased cure rates or added complications. Thus, while rationale for high dose rate applicators continues to be proposed, maintenance of a fixed geometric relationship should not be an impetus for the selection of high dose rate intracavitary applicators when treating cervical tumors.
Physician adherence to the national asthma prescribing guidelines: evidence from national outpatient survey data in the United States.

Background The Expert Panel 2 Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Asthma (EPR-2 guidelines) were developed to improve medication prescribing for patients with persistent asthma and to control acute exacerbations of asthma. In addition, these guidelines also encourage physician-provided asthma education. Little is known about prescribing adherence to EPR-2 guidelines. Objectives To examine physician adherence to EPR-2 asthma medication prescribing guidelines and determine patient and physician factors associated with prescribing of asthma medications. Methods This study was a cross-sectional retrospective analysis of National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey physician visit survey data from 1998 through 2004. Data were extracted on all patients with an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code for asthma (493.XX) and reason for visit as asthma. The unit of analysis was individual patient visit. The dependent variables in analyses were specific type of drug class. The independent variables were various patient and physician factors. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate study objectives. Results Asthma patients in 2002 had 3.3 times more odds of being prescribed controller medications compared with asthma patients in 1998. Findings in 2004 were not significant. Elderly patients had 54% less odds of receiving controller medication compared with those in the 35- to 64-year-old age group. Patients in the other race category are 40% as likely to receive controller asthma medication compared with white patients. Physicians in 2002 had 6.3 times more odds of prescribing long-acting β-agonists compared with those in 1998. Physicians without ownership stake in their practice had 1.9 times more odds of providing asthma education to their patients compared with those who owned their practice. Conclusion Physician prescribing of asthma pharmacotherapy does not adequately comply with EPR-2 treatment guidelines.
Magidor-like and radin-like forcing

Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA Communicated by A. Nerode Received 15 April 1983 We force over a model M of ZF+ K + (K)<? to obtain M[G] with cf(K) = y. The method is reminiscent of Magidor-forcing but uses no choice. Mimicing Radin-forcing, we generalize this for strong partition cardinals K to add a subset of K while preserving all cardinalities, cofinalities and K’S measurability. We apply these techniques to construct models of unusual partition properties, such as oa + [wJwl but 02w[oa]“‘.
Search for the Production of the Standard Model Z Boson in Association With W Boson in Proton Anti-Proton Collisions at 1.96 Tev Center of Mass Energy

The search for the production of the Standard Model Z boson in association with a W boson is motivated and discussed. This is performed using 4.3 fb{sup -1} of Tevatron Run II data collected with the CDF detector in {radical}s = 1.96 TeV proton anti-proton collisions. This is a signature-based analysis where the W boson decays semileptonically into a high-P{sub T} electron or muon plus a neutrino, and where the Z boson decays into two b quark jets (b-jets). We increase the signal-to-background ratio by identifying the b-quarks in the jets with a new neural network-based algorithm. Another neural network then uses kinematic information to distinguish WZ to further increase the signal-to-background ratio. Since our sensitivity is still not enough to achieve an observation, we set a 95% Confidence Level upper limit on the product of the WZ production cross section and its branching fraction to the decay products specified above, and express it as a ratio to the theoretical Standard Model prediction. The resulting limit is 3.9 x SM (3.9 x SM expected).
Trauma research—A field without a home base

The United States has led the world in the development of trauma systems ever since the 1970s, when pioneering surgeons developed the first one after seeing the consequences of civilian emergencies ([ 1 ][1], [ 2 ][2]). Modeled on mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) units, these centers
Towards a VLSI packaging design support environment (PDSE); concepts and implementation

A software shell for assisting in VLSI package design is discussed. Called packaging design support environment (PDSE), the shell integrates tools for modeling and simulation of electrical characteristics of VLSI packages. Parameter extractors tools calculate inductance and capacitance for multiconductor, multidielectric, two-dimensional structures with loss dielectrics. The simulation tools compute pulse response characteristics of uniform, multiple, coupled, and lossless transmission lines. The PDSE shell provides facilities for supporting the package design cycle. Such support facilities include an interface to couple PDSE with a CAD design database, model and simulation experiment libraries, simulation management procedures that guide evaluation of alternative design models, and data analysis support tools. Expert systems techniques are being incorporated into PDSE. >
Adaptive Disturbance Tracking Control with Wind Speed and Partial State Estimation and State Feedback in Transition Region Control of Large Wind Turbines

The Transition Region Control for large wind turbine involves the smooth transitioning from Region II to Region III and back, as well as ensures that the turbine has rated speed and rated torque while switching to Region III from Region II. In this paper, we use the theory of Adaptive Disturbance Tracking Control (ADTC) with wind speed and partial state estimation, and state feedback to achieve this goal. To ensure the rated torque while switching to Region III, the generator torque has been varied linearly with the generator speed, whereas to achieve rated generator speed at Region III, the tracking ratio (Q) has been linearly adapted based on the estimated wind speed. Applicability of this scheme has been justified by implementing and simulating the controller to NREL’s 5 MW wind turbine.
Arabidopsis Microtubule-Associated Protein MAP65-3 Cross-Links Antiparallel Microtubules toward Their Plus Ends in the Phragmoplast via Its Distinct C-Terminal Microtubule Binding Domain

Plant cytokinesis is brought about by the phragmoplast, which contains an antiparallel microtubule (MT) array. The MT-associated protein MAP65-3 acts as an MT-bundling factor that specifically cross-links antiparallel MTs near their plus ends. MAP65 family proteins contain an N-terminal dimerization domain and C-terminal MT interaction domain. Compared with other MAP65 isoforms, MAP65-3 contains an extended C terminus. A MT binding site was discovered in the region between amino acids 496 and 588 and found to be essential for the organization of phragmoplast MTs. The frequent cytokinetic failure caused by loss of MAP65-3 was not rescued by ectopic expression of MAP65-1 under the control of the MAP65-3 promoter, indicating nonoverlapping functions between the two isoforms. In the presence of MAP65-3, however, ectopic MAP65-1 appeared in the phragmoplast midline. We show that MAP65-1 could acquire the function of MAP65-3 when the C terminus of MAP65-3, which contains the MT binding site, was grafted to it. Our results also show that MAP65-1 and MAP65-3 may share redundant functions in MT stabilization. Such a stabilization effect was likely brought about by MT binding and bundling. We conclude that MAP65-3 contains a distinct C-terminal MT binding site with a specific role in cross-linking antiparallel MTs toward their plus ends in the phragmoplast.
Increased egg production by active immunization against vasoactive intestinal peptide in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo).

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is a hypothalamic prolactin (PRL)-releasing factor in the turkey. The hypothesis in the present study was that active immunization of turkeys with VIP would neutralize endogenous VIP, decrease circulating PRL, and consequently prevent the expression of incubation behavior. Large white female turkeys were divided into three experimental groups comprising untreated controls, control turkeys immunized with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), and turkeys immunized with synthetic chicken VIP conjugate (KLH-cVIP). Each turkey received four injections at 4-wk intervals, starting on the day of photostimulation. The immune response, measured by the percentage binding of monoiodinated chicken VIP (cVIP) to plasma at a dilution of 1:1000, averaged 11.8 ± 2.5% during the reproductive life cycle. Immunization against KLH-cVIP prevented the normal increases of PRL that are associated with the photo-induced reproductive cycle. Over a 21-wk period beginning at photostimulation, KLH-cVIP-immunized birds exhibited a maximal plasma PRL level of 82.2 + 29.5 ng/ml, compared to 367.7 + 66.6 ng/ml and 227.5 + 51.7 ng/ml for non- and KLH-immunized turkeys, respectively. The total number of nest visits per hen during the 147-day experimental period decreased from 320.0 ± 48.2 in the nonimmunized controls to 180.7 53.7 and 149.4 ± 13.1 visits in KLH- and KLH-cVIP conjugate-immunized turkeys. Turkeys that showed an immune response to KLH-cVIP immunization did not exhibit incubation behavior, whereas 54% and 33% of non- and KLH-immunized hens incubated their eggs. The latter two groups laid 58.4 ± 7.2 eggs and 65.6 ± 9.9 eggs per hen, respectively, compared to 87.6 ± 3.1 eggs per hen for the KLH-cVIP-immunized turkeys. It is concluded that the increased egg production observed in KLH-cVIP-immunized turkeys is the result of failure to express incubation behavior due to lower PRL levels.
Stigma Beliefs of Asian Americans With Depression in an Internet Sample

Results: Asian Americans overall had greater stigma beliefs than did whites for all 3 stigma outcomes (P < 0.001), especially those related to family. Although this same pattern existed for subjects aged between 16 and 29 years and between 30 and 45 years (P < 0.001), among those aged under 16 years, this existed for family stigma (P < 0.001) but not for friends or employer stigma. In our stratified analyses among Asian Americans, male participants had greater stigma beliefs than did female participants for friends (P < 0.001) and employer (P < 0.05) but not for family. Conclusions: The pattern of Asian Americans having greater stigma levels than whites may be changing among younger Asian Americans because of acculturation. Also, among Asian Americans, unlike previous research showing no sex differences for stigma, we show that male participants had greater stigma levels than did female participants. Future directions should include measuring stigma after culture-specific interventions.
On the Evolution of Binocular Ophthalmoscopy

The need for stereopsis arose soon after the discovery of the ophthalmoscope, not least because the glaucomatous cup was mistaken for a swelling. At that time, Brewster's popular stereoscope was already in use, and its theory and method were then applied to ophthalmoscopy by Giraud-Teulon. His was the first binocular instrument, subsequently much improved by Zachariah Laurence. Binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy was abandoned toward the end of the 19th century in favor of direct monocular ophthalmoscopy, until it was revived in the 1950s by Schepens.
12C(6Li, d)16O at E(Li) = 90 MeV

Abstract The 12 C( 6 Li, d) 16 O reaction has been studied at E( 6 Li ) = 90.2 MeV with a magnetic spectrometer. Spectra up to E x ≈ 30 MeV in 16 O have been obtained and decay line widths, Γ c.m. , have been extracted for broad levels. Known α-cluster states ( J π = 2 + , E x = 6.9 MeV; J π = 4 + , E x = 10.35 MeV) are preferentially populated exhibit sharply forward peaked angular distributions in contrast with ( 6 Li, d) data obtained at lower bombarding energies. These features are well reproduced by reaction calculations assuming direct alpha-particle transfer provided one utilizes realistic optical model, target, and projectile wave functions. Alpha spectroscopic factors and reduced alpha widths have been extracted for levels E x J π = 1 − levels of astrophysical interest. The results are compared with other recent measurements and theoretical calculations. There is generally at least qualitative agreement (within × 2) between the various experiments and theories. The analysis indicates a non-negligible alpha width for the J π = 1 − level at E x = 7.1 MeV in 16 O (which determines the 12 C → 16 O stellar helium burning rate) with 0.3 θ α 2 (7.1 MeV)/ θ α 2 (9.6MeV) θ α 2 (7.1 MeV)/ θ α 2 (6.9 MeV)
A Transmembrane Serine Protease Is Linked to the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Receptor and Activates Virus Entry

Spike (S) proteins, the defining projections of the enveloped coronaviruses (CoVs), mediate cell entry by connecting viruses to plasma membrane receptors and by catalyzing subsequent virus-cell membrane fusions. The latter membrane fusion requires an S protein conformational flexibility that is facilitated by proteolytic cleavages. We hypothesized that the most relevant cellular proteases in this process are those closely linked to host cell receptors. The primary receptor for the human severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS) CoV is angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). ACE2 immunoprecipitation captured transmembrane protease/serine subfamily member 2 (TMPRSS2), a known human airway and alveolar protease. ACE2 and TMPRSS2 colocalized on cell surfaces and enhanced the cell entry of both SARS S-pseudotyped HIV and authentic SARS-CoV. Enhanced entry correlated with TMPRSS2-mediated proteolysis of both S and ACE2. These findings indicate that a cell surface complex comprising a primary receptor and a separate endoprotease operates as a portal for activation of SARS-CoV cell entry.
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Progression in HIV-Infected Adults Occurs Preferentially at the Carotid Bifurcation and Is Predicted by Inflammation.

Background Shear stress gradients and inflammation have been causally associated with atherosclerosis development in carotid bifurcation regions. The mechanism underlying higher levels of carotid intima-media thickness observed among HIV-infected individuals remains unknown. Methods and Results We measured carotid intima-media thickness progression and development of plaque in the common carotid, bifurcation region, and internal carotid artery in 300 HIV-infected persons and 47 controls. The median duration of follow-up was 2.4 years. When all segments were included, the rate of intima-media thickness progression was greater in HIV-infected subjects compared with controls after adjustment for traditional risk factors (0.055 vs. 0.024 mm/year, P =0.016). Rate of progression was also greater in the bifurcation region (0.067 vs. 0.025 mm/year, P =0.042) whereas differences were smaller in the common and internal regions. HIV-infected individuals had a greater incidence of plaque compared with controls in the internal (23% vs. 6.4%, P =0.0037) and bifurcation regions (34% vs. 17%, P =0.014). Among HIV-infected individuals, the rate of progression in the bifurcation region was more rapid compared with the common carotid, internal, or mean intima-media thickness; in contrast, progression rates among controls were similar at all sites. Baseline hsCRP was elevated in HIV-infected persons and was a predictor of progression in the bifurcation region. Conclusions Atherosclerosis progresses preferentially in the carotid bifurcation region in HIV-infected individuals. hsCRP, a marker of inflammation, is elevated in HIV and is associated with progression in the bifurcation region. These data are consistent with a model in which the interplay between hemodynamic shear stresses and HIV-associated inflammation contribute to accelerated atherosclerosis. ( J Am Heart Assoc . 2012;1:jah3-e000422 doi : 10.1161/JAHA.111.000422.) Clinical Trial Registration URL: . Unique identifier: [NCT01519141][1] [1]: /lookup/external-ref?link_type=CLINTRIALGOV&access_num=NCT01519141&atom=%2Fahaoa%2F1%2F2%2Fe000422.atom
Dynamic Contrast-enhanced MR Lymphangiography: Feasibility Study in Swine

On the basis of the results of this initial animal experiment, it appears that dynamic four-dimensional contrast-enhanced MR lymphangiography is feasible and potentially safe with commercially available contrast agents.
Rules of allomorphy and phonology-syntax interactions

i. In a thoughtful discussion of Romance agreement phenomena that appear to run counter to various attractive proposals for universal constraints on linguistic rules, Plank (I984) exposes several cases presenting apparent difficulties for the Principle of Phonology-Free Syntax (PPFS) of Zwicky (I969). The two most telling of these, in French and Spanish, involve what seem to be masculine singular forms occurring where agreement rules of the ordinary sort would call for feminine singulars; in each case, one of the conditioning factors for the peculiar agreement is the phonological shape of the word following the 'agreeing' word (which is a possessive pronoun in French, a definite article in Spanish). I will be maintaining that such examples do not subvert the PPFS. But they are still of considerable interest. One simple lesson to be learned from them is that analytic proposals must be fleshed out in some detail if they are to be evaluated; in particular, we must be clear about what rules of allomorphy in the cases at hand, rules of inflectional allomorphy do and what sorts of conditions they can be subject to, if we are to evaluate an analytic proposal appealing to rules of allomorphy. A more specific lesson is that 'zero morphemes' (if there are any such) are not the same thing as absent morphemes. Another lesson is that morphosyntactic features must be distinguished from formatives; a given bundle of features can have several different formatives as its exponent in different contexts, and a given formative can serve as the exponent of several different feature bundles in different contexts. Finally, examples like Plank's can help us to sharpen our knowledge of the way rules of allomorphy can be conditioned or constrained by phonological, morphological, or syntactic properties of their contexts. In what follows I will assume a process approach to allomorphy rules, building on such works as Matthews (I967, 1972, 1974), Anderson (977), and Janda (I983). In this approach a rule of inflectional allomorphy describes how a bundle of morphosyntactic features on a base is realized phonologically, via some operation or operations on that base. The only such operation we need be concerned with here is affixation, in particular suffixation.
What comes after postmodernism? Implications for marketers

The dominant philosophy of life held by a society profoundly affects that society's institutions. In this article, the transition from premodernism to postmodernism and its effects on marketing are examined. An alternative philosophy, transmodernism, appears to be taking hold in many post-industrial societies. Transmodernism is discussed and implications for marketing are explored.
The great masquerader: atypical neuroleptic malignant syndrome after cardiac surgery.

i a NEUROLEPTIC MALIGNANT SYNDROME (NMS) is a rare and sometimes fatal adverse condition attributed to he administration of antipsychotic medications and dopamine ntagonists or the rapid withdrawal of antiparkinsonian mediations.1-3 Several approaches to diagnostic criteria have been uggested focusing on the hallmark symptoms of NMS, most otably hyperthermia and muscular rigidity presenting with a ariable combination of other minor symptoms and abnormal aboratory values (including autonomic instability, diaphoresis, ltered consciousness, elevated creatine kinase [CK], and leuocytosis).1 Although the diagnosis of NMS remains one of xclusion, an increasing body of literature has described atypcal variations of NMS, often lacking hyperthermia or muscular igidity and, thus, not conforming to the accepted diagnostic riteria.2,3 The authors present a case and discussion in which the diagnosis and treatment of a postoperative cardiothoracic surgical patient were based on that of an atypical form of NMS occurring after the administration of parenteral metoclopramide (Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL) and haloperidol (Teva Pharmaceuticals, North Wales, PA).
Technological Basis and Applications of Remote Sensing of the Earth's Resources

Remote sensing provides an unmatched data source for obtaining information about earth resources. This paper briefly describes the development of remote sensing, then discusses the physical and technological basis for obtaining earth resources information from airborne and spaceborne sensors. It points out that information may be derived from analyzing the spectral, spatial, and temporal variations of energy emanating from the earth's surface. The two types of analysis, image-oriented and numerical-oriented, are discussed with emphasis on the latter and machine-processing of data. Finally, applications of remote sensing technology are discussed.
Minimum energy desynchronizing control for coupled neurons

We employ optimal control theory to design an event-based, minimum energy, desynchronizing control stimulus for a network of pathologically synchronized, heterogeneously coupled neurons. This works by optimally driving the neurons to their phaseless sets, switching the control off, and letting the phases of the neurons randomize under intrinsic background noise. An event-based minimum energy input may be clinically desirable for deep brain stimulation treatment of neurological diseases, like Parkinson's disease. The event-based nature of the input results in its administration only when it is necessary, which, in general, amounts to fewer applications, and hence, less charge transfer to and from the tissue. The minimum energy nature of the input may also help prolong battery life for implanted stimulus generators. For the example considered, it is shown that the proposed control causes a considerable amount of randomization in the timing of each neuron's next spike, leading to desynchronization for the network.
Cancer Cells Hijack Gluconeogenic Enzymes to Fuel Cell Growth

In this issue and the October 15th issue of Molecular Cell, studies by Montal et al. (2015) and Vincent et al. (2015) report that certain types of cancer cells utilize the gluconeogenic enzymes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2) to reprogram anabolic metabolism and support cell growth.
Multilocality and fusion rules on the generalized structure functions in two-dimensional and three-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence

Using the fusion-rules hypothesis for three-dimensional and two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence, we generalize a previous nonperturbative locality proof to multiple applications of the nonlinear interactions operator on generalized structure functions of velocity differences. We call this generalization of nonperturbative locality to multiple applications of the nonlinear interactions operator ``multilocality.'' The resulting cross terms pose a new challenge requiring a new argument and the introduction of a new fusion rule that takes advantage of rotational symmetry. Our main result is that the fusion-rules hypothesis implies both locality and multilocality in both the IR and UV limits for the downscale energy cascade of three-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence and the downscale enstrophy cascade and inverse energy cascade of two-dimensional Navier-Stokes turbulence. We stress that these claims relate to nonperturbative locality of generalized structure functions on all orders and not the term-by-term perturbative locality of diagrammatic theories or closure models that involve only two-point correlation and response functions.
Enhanced Rate of Cellular Uptake of Thyroxine (T4) from Sera of Subjects with Familial Dysalbuminemic Hyperthyroxinemia (FDH)

Recent investigations in our laboratory have shown that in several individuals with familial dysalbuminemic hyperthyroxinemia (FDH) and with normal serum free thyroxine (FT4) concentration, sex hormone-binding glob­ulin (SHBG) levels were significantly elevated in relation to normal sub­jects (1). The elevation in serum SHBG was not an estrogen-mediated effect, as these subjects were either in post-menopausal state or other­wise had normal levels of serum cortisol-binding globulin (CBG). Since SHBG is sensitive to thyroid hormone (TH) action and has been observed to increase in hyperthyroidism (2), the SHBG increase in FDH subjects sug­gested the possibility that an enhanced rate of T4 uptake might occur in this syndrome, particularly in those tissues which have direct access to protein-bound T4 (e.g., liver). To further test the hypothesis of in­creased T4 tissue availability in FDH syndrome, T4 uptake from normal and FDH sera studied using red blood cells, lymphocytes, and an anionic resin sponge.
Laminar Boundary Layer Flow of Non-Newtonian Power Law Fluid along Porous Wall of Convergent Channel with Suction /Injection.

Laminar Boundary Layer Flow of Non-Newtonian Power Law Fluid along Porous wall of Wall of Convergent Channel with Suction /Injection has been considered. The governing equations of continuity and momentum are transformed into ordinary differential equation using similarity transformations. The equations are solved by using method of successive approximations starting with zeroth approximation. For n =1 the results tallies with corresponding results for Newtonian fluids. Various boundary layer parameters and Velocity profiles have been drawn for different values of parameter n and suction/ injection has been calculated. for different values of parameter n and suction/injection .
Technology of flavorful and nutritional camellia oil

In order to investigate the effect of roasting on quality of pressed camellia oil,different roasting temperature,and roasting time were selected during roast process.Oil yield,physicochemical properties,fatty acid and volatile flavor components were determined.The result showed that the roasting under 155 ℃ for 15 min was the optimum condition not only for the volatile flavor composition,but also for the physicochemical indices.The fatty acid composition had little bit change with different roasting temperature,roasting time.Most indicators of the oil pressed under above conditions can meet the requirements the first grade oil in GB 11765—2003,whereas 280 ℃ heating test showed the oil met the requirements of the second grade.