cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lying Online: Examining the Production, Detection, and Popular Beliefs Surrounding Interpersonal Deception in Technologically-Mediated Environments

Communication technologies, such as texting, social network sites (SNSs), and online dating, raise questions about how interpersonal deception plays out in communication environments that differ from face-to-face. This chapter provides a state-of-the-art review of (1) online deception production, or how much people lie online; (2) popular beliefs about online deception, or how much deception people think occurs online; and (3) online deception detection, or how accurate deception detection tends to be in online environments, and what cues are diagnostic of deception. We pay particular attention to the link between technological affordances and deception, proposing that communication technologies contain deception enablers, or affordances that facilitate deception (e.g., editability, reduced nonverbal cues) and deception constraints, or affordances that minimize deception (e.g., recordability, the presence of an audience).
DeepBase: Deep Inspection of Neural Networks

Although deep learning models perform remarkably well across a range of tasks such as language translation and object recognition, it remains unclear what high-level logic, if any, they follow. Understanding this logic may lead to more transparency, better model design, and faster experimentation. Recent machine learning research has leveraged statistical methods to identify hidden units that behave (e.g., activate) similarly to human understandable logic, but those analyses require considerable manual effort. Our insight is that many of those studies follow a common analysis pattern, and therefore there is opportunity to provide a declarative abstraction to easily express, execute and optimize them. This paper describes DeepBase, a system to inspect neural network behaviors through a unified interface. We model logic with user-provided hypothesis functions that annotate the data with high-level labels (e.g., part-of-speech tags, image captions). DeepBase lets users quickly identify individual or groups of units that have strong statistical dependencies with desired hypotheses. We discuss how DeepBase can express existing analyses, propose a set of simple and effective optimizations to speed up a standard Python implementation by up to 72x, and reproduce recent studies from the NLP literature.
PK-M2-mediated metabolic changes in breast cancer cells induced by ionizing radiation

Radiotherapy (RT) constitutes an important part of breast cancer treatment. However, triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) exhibit remarkable resistance to most therapies, including RT. Developing new ways to radiosensitize TNBC cells could result in improved patient outcomes. The M2 isoform of pyruvate kinase (PK-M2) is believed to be responsible for the re-wiring of cancer cell metabolism after oxidative stress. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of ionizing radiation (IR) on PK-M2-mediated metabolic changes in TNBC cells, and their survival. In addition, we determine the effect of PK-M2 activators on breast cancer stem cells, a radioresistant subpopulation of breast cancer stem cells. Glucose uptake, lactate production, and glutamine consumption were assessed. The cellular localization of PK-M2 was evaluated by western blot and confocal microscopy. The small molecule activator of PK-M2, TEPP46, was used to promote its pyruvate kinase function. Finally, effects on cancer stem cell were evaluated via sphere forming capacity. Exposure of TNBC cells to IR increased their glucose uptake and lactate production. As expected, PK-M2 expression levels also increased, especially in the nucleus, although overall pyruvate kinase activity was decreased. PK-M2 nuclear localization was shown to be associated with breast cancer stem cells, and activation of PK-M2 by TEPP46 depleted this population. Radiotherapy can induce metabolic changes in TNBC cells, and these changes seem to be mediated, at least in part by PK-M2. Importantly, our results show that activators of PK-M2 can deplete breast cancer stem cells in vitro. This study supports the idea of combining PK-M2 activators with radiation to enhance the effect of radiotherapy in resistant cancers, such as TNBC.
A Hardware-Software Codesign Approach to Identity, Trust, and Resilience for IoT/CPS at Scale

Advancement in communication technologies and the Internet of Things (IoT) is driving adoption in smart cities that aims to increase operational efficiency and improve the quality of services and citizen welfare, among other potential benefits. The privacy, reliability, and integrity of communications must be ensured so that actions can be appropriate, safe, accurate, and implemented promptly after receiving actionable information. In this work, we present a multi-tier methodology consisting of an authentication and trust-building/distribution framework designed to ensure the safety and validity of the information exchanged in the system. Blockchain protocols and Radio Frequency-Distinct Native Attributes (RF-DNA) combine to provide a hardware-software codesigned system for enhanced device identity and overall system trustworthiness. Our threat model accounts for counterfeiting, breakout fraud, and bad mouthing of one entity by others. Entity trust (e.g., IoT devices) depends on quality and level of participation, quality of messages, lifetime of a given entity in the system, and the number of known "bad" (non-consensus) messages sent by that entity. Based on this approach to trust, we are able to adjust trust upward and downward as a function of real-time and past behavior, providing other participants with a trust value upon which to judge information from and interactions with the given entity. This approach thereby reduces the potential for manipulation of an IoT system by a bad or byzantine actor.
Exploration of surgical blood pressure management and expected motor recovery in individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury

Retrospective analysis. To assess the impact of mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) during surgical intervention for spinal cord injury (SCI) on motor recovery. Level-one Trauma Hospital and Acute Rehabilitation Hospital in San Jose, CA, USA. Twenty-five individuals with traumatic SCI who received surgical and acute rehabilitation care at a level-one trauma center were included in this study. The Surgical Information System captured intraoperative MAPs on a minute-by-minute basis and exposure was quantified at sequential thresholds from 50 to 104 mmHg. Change in International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) motor score was calculated based on physiatry evaluations at the earliest postoperative time and at discharge from acute rehabilitation. Linear regression models were used to estimate the rate of recovery across the entire MAP range. An exploratory analysis revealed that increased time within an intraoperative MAP range (70–94 mmHg) was associated with ISNCSCI motor score improvement. A significant regression equation was found for the MAP range 70–94 mmHg (F[1, 23] = 4.65, r2 = 0.168, p = 0.042). ISNCSCI motor scores increased 0.036 for each minute of exposure to the MAP range 70–94 mmHg during the operative procedure; this represents a significant correlation between intraoperative time with MAP 70–94 and subsequent motor recovery. Blood pressure exposures above or below this range did not display a positive association with motor recovery. Hypertension as well as hypotension during surgery may impact the trajectory of recovery in individuals with SCI, and there may be a direct relationship between intraoperative MAP and motor recovery.
Stimulus waveform design for decreasing charge and increasing stimulation selectivity in retinal prostheses

Retinal degenerative diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa, begin with damage to the photoreceptor layer of the retina. In the absence of presynaptic input from photoreceptors, networks of electrically coupled AII amacrine and cone bipolar cells have been observed to exhibit oscillatory behaviour and result in spontaneous firing of ganglion cells. This ganglion cell activity could interfere with external stimuli provided by retinal prosthetic devices and potentially degrade their performance. In this work, the authors computationally investigate stimulus waveform designs, which can improve the performance of retinal prostheses by suppressing undesired spontaneous firing of ganglion cells and generating precise temporal spiking patterns. They utilise a multi-scale computational model for electrical stimulation of degenerated retina based on the admittance method and NEURON simulation environments. They present a class of asymmetric biphasic pulses that can generate precise ganglion cell firing patterns with up to 55% lower current requirements compared to traditional symmetric biphasic pulses. This lower current results in activation of only proximal ganglion cells, provides more focused stimulation and lowers the risk of tissue damage.
Letter to Editor: Response to Commentary “Midodrine for Hepatic Hydrothorax”

We agree with Kulkarni et al on the potential role of splanchnic and peripheral vasoconstrictors in the treatment of HH. In our review (1), we summarize the sparse data on octreotide and terlipressin in HH management. However, there are currently no large studies or randomized trials on the use of these medications in HH, and evidence for their use is limited to case reports and case series. Most of the studies cited by Kulkarni et al examine these pharmacologic agents in the control of ascites, not HH per se.
Analyzing the Analysts: Career Concerns and Biased Earnings Forecasts

We examine security analysts' career concerns by relating their earnings forecasts to job separations. Relatively accurate forecasters are more likely to experience favorable career outcomes like moving up to a high-status brokerage house. Controlling for accuracy, analysts who are optimistic relative to the consensus are more likely to experience favorable job separations. For analysts who cover stocks underwritten by their houses, job separations depend less on accuracy and more on optimism. Job separations were less sensitive to accuracy and more sensitive to optimism during the recent stock market mania. Brokerage houses apparently reward optimistic analysts who promote stocks.
Current and future challenges in starch research

Even though starch seems a simple carbohydrate, composed only of glucose connected by two types of linkages, it has an amazing complexity related to its branched structure and extremely large size. Today, there are still unanswered questions that present challenges to the starch research field. Even though advances have been made in correlating starch amylopectin and amylose fine structural feature to functional properties, such as texture or digestibility, the form of the internal architecture of amylopectin is still not agreed upon. The future holds challenges in further resolving structure-function relationships of starch, and to understand and implement ways to improve the healthiness of starchy foods.
Time burden and logistical intensity of early-phase clinical trials (EP-CTs).

84Background: EP-CTs are increasingly important options for patients with cancer and often involve intensive monitoring. Thus, characterizing the time burden and logistical intensity of EP-CTs coul...
Moving Beyond the Ivory Tower

There has been a significant focus over the past two decades on how to best convert research in the field of juvenile justice into effective policy and practice. The growing body of knowledge about...
Assessing the Effectiveness of a Hysterectomy Patient Education Video Narrated in Spanish: A Feasibility Study

Study Objective Hysterectomy is the most common gynecological surgical procedure, and yet, studies show women have a poor understanding of the procedure. The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of testing the effectiveness of a video we developed in Spanish, about hysterectomy, in improving knowledge among Spanish speaking women. Design Pre-test, post-test study design using a web-based learning management system (LMS) to fully digitize the study. The knowledge instrument used was previously validated. Setting A women's health clinic at a large teaching hospital in Texas. Patients or Participants Patients were female patients who spoke Spanish and who were being evaluated for conditions for which hysterectomy is a potential treatment. Interventions An empirically developed, focus group tested patient education video on the hysterectomy procedure narrated in Spanish. Measurements and Main Results We had 6 Spanish speaking women participate in this feasibility study. Our study consisted of a demographic survey followed by a pre-test followed by our hysterectomy education video followed by a post-test. All these components were combined in electronic form, using a web-based LMS, as if the study were an online course. Mean time taken to complete the pre-test was 393 seconds (range from 303 to 603 seconds). Mean score on the pre-test was 51.2% with a range from 25.9 to 66.7%. Mean time taken to complete the post-test was 365 seconds (range from 297 to 526 seconds). Mean score on the post-test was 60.5% with a range from 37 to 81.5%. Conclusion This small study demonstrated the feasibility of doing a health literacy study among Spanish speaking women focused on the hysterectomy procedure by using an online learning management system typically used for online courses. Using a learning management system allowed us to fully digitize this study that consisted of both questions to be answered as well as a video to be watched.
Arginine vasopressin receptor signaling and functional outcomes in heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) continues to be a highly prevalent syndrome, affecting millions of patients and costing billions of dollars in treatment per year in the United States alone. Studies in failing human heart and in transgenic HF models led to the recognition that enhanced neurohormonal signaling plays a causative role in HF progression, and the use of neurohormone receptor antagonists have proven to decrease hospitalization rates. It has also been long recognized that patients with HF have abnormal water retention, hypo-osmolality, and hyponatremia secondary to elevations in the levels of the neurohormone arginine vasopressin (AVP). AVP is released from the hypothalamus in response to changes in plasma osmolality and pressure, acting at three distinct G protein-coupled receptors: V1AR, V1BR and V2R. Persistent AVP release causes hyponatremia via renal V2R activation, a risk factor for death and hospitalization, and there is a correlation between plasma AVP levels and HF severity/survival of chronic HF patients. Because of the adverse clinical consequences associated with the development of hyponatremia, V2R antagonists were developed for the treatment of HF patients with hyponatremia, however in contrast to other neurohormone blockers they do not relay a survival benefit and may exacerbate decompensated HF requiring inotropic support. Renewed interest in the cardiac V1AR system during HF has arisen due to several recent findings: 1) mice with myocyte-selective transgenic overexpression of cardiac V1AR developed cardiomyopathy in the absence of any pathological insult, 2) cardiac V1AR expression was shown to be increased late-stage human HF, and 3) V1AR antagonism prevented cardiomyopathy development in a mouse model of HF. While cardiac V1AR expression is increased in HF, the role of V1AR signaling in various forms of cardiac injury and in distinct cardiac cell types has been controversial. Therefore this review will primarily focus on V1AR signaling as a potential therapeutic target for HF treatment.
Concept of a Bacterial Species: Importance to Writers of Microbiological Standards for Water

A bacterial species is operationally difficult to define. There is considerable phenotypic variation in some species, such as Escherichia coli; thus, the limits of the species are difficult to determine. Other species such as Edwardsiella tarda and Serratia marcescens are "tighter" because the strains which comprise these species show little phenotypic variation. The latter species are easier to define biochemically. Newer taxonomic techniques have been helpful in defining bacterial species. Often, the results have agreed with those obtained by conventional methods. However, species such as Enterobacter agglomerans have been shown by DNA-DNA hybridization to be composed of over twelve different hybridization groups which could be considered "new species." Many different bacterial species are washed from the soil into water. Some of these are soil bacteria; others make up the gut flora of insects, invertebrates, and lower vertebrates. Often, these environmental species are closely related to species known to be pathogenic for man. Sometimes environmental isolates can be differentiated from the human pathogens by simple tests; S. liquefaciens and S. rubidaea are phenotypically different from the human pathogen S. marcescens and can be recognized easily. Environmental strains of Klebsiella, for which the taxonomy has not been completely defined, cannot yet be differentiated from the human pathogens. Similarly, in Enterobacter, Citrobacter, Proteus, Vibrio, Pseudomonas, Aeromonas, and other groups, there are taxonomic gaps where species lines are not completely clear. Many isolates that have been classified in these genera may not be pathogenic for man. Consequently, to ensure that standards will have relevance in public health, writers of microbiological standards for water should proceed very carefully in their treatment of indicator organisms. Many species in water are probably not pathogenic for humans but are closely related to species which are pathogenic. Even with a complete battery of biochemical and serological tests, isolates cannot always be assigned to their correct species. We see many isolates which probably belong to new species which have not been defined.
Hepatitis C Viral RNA and Hepatic Cytokine Expression in Chronic Hepatitis C: Effects of Alpha Interferon Therapy

We investigated the changes in serum and hepatic hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA levels and in hepatic cytokine expression in seven patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with recombinant alpha interferon (rIFNα). Titers of HCV-RNA in serum decreased significantly in most patients, but those in the liver remained mostly unchanged. HCV-RNA (both positive and negative strands) became negative in both serum and liver in only one patient, the only complete responder to rIFN-α therapy (interestingly, relapse occurred 9 months later). Cytokine mRNA expression in the liver did not change significantly, except in two patients in whom mRNAs for inter leukin-2 and IFN-γ became undetectable after therapy. Loss of HCV-RNA and pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA from the liver was most marked in the patient who best responded to rIFN-α.
Robert Bork's Grand Inquisition

This book is a call to battle-against the enemy within. The rhetoric is martial. We are in the midst of "a long-running war for control of our legal culture, which, in turn, [is] part of a larger war for control of our general culture."' It is also religious-the struggle is against "heresy" on behalf of an embattled "orthodoxy."2 The enemy? Subjectivists who turn their backs on history; relativists who seek to impose their moral prejudices on the American people by reading them into the Constitution. These heretics have entrenched themselves in America's law schools, where they seek to bedazzle and intimidate the judiciary by their fancy theories and false erudition-and thereby lead the next generation of lawyers astray. But it may not be too late. So let us take our stand. Against subjectivism, and for the historical Constitution. Against relativism, and for the neutral derivation of constitutional principle. Lest there be any doubt, I am ready to enlist. Law isn't just politics. It isn't morals either. It's distinctive-and precisely in some of the ways Bork emphasizes. Judges begin by looking backwards-to the decisions of authorized lawmakers. They take interpretation seriously. Their job is to
Proceedings of the 16th Communications & Networking Symposium

Welcome to the Spring Simulation Multi-Conference 2013 (SpringSim'13) in San Diego, CA. As the General Chair of this year's SpringSim, it is an honor and privilege to be your host for these exciting four days of activities driven and organized by the various members of our society. Despite challenges in the worldwide economy and the overall decrease of funding for travel and conferences, the interest in Modeling and Simulation (M&S) and its applications is still high enough to ensure a challenging and interesting program. From the opening tutorial day where international experts are providing their knowledge to our community to the presentation of peer-reviewed papers, invited special topic presentations, and expert panel discussions the chairs of our symposia did their best to provide an outstanding choice. Without the work of these volunteers, SpringSim would not have been possible.
Thyroid-stimulating Hormone Binding to Beef Thyroid Membranes: RELATION TO ADENYLATE CYCLASE ACTIVITY

Binding of [3H]thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and 125I-TSH to beef thyroid membranes was studied under conditions to give optimum binding. Binding was maximal at pH 5.5, was complete within 5 min, and was stable for at least 90 min at 0 and 22° for low and high TSH concentrations, respectively. At pH 7.5, two binding sites were found with apparent affinity constants of 2.2 to 3.1 x 108 m -1 and 0.7 to 1.1 x 106 m -1. Because of lower specific activity, [3H]TSH was used primarily in the concentration range of the low affinity constant while 125I-TSH was used at concentrations corresponding to both constants. Binding of [3H]TSH and 125I-TSH was equivalent when measured in the same concentration range. TSH binding was inhibited by divalent cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Sr2+, Mn2+, and Ba2+) at concentrations above 0.1 m m by reducing the number of binding sites. Monovalent cations inhibited binding at concentrations above 10 to 15 m m . The order of potency for inhibition of binding by monovalent cations was Na+ ≃ K+ g Li+. Inhibition of binding by cations was independent of TSH concentration. When binding was determined under adenylate cyclase assay conditions, TSH binding was reduced to approximately one-third of the control levels and the higher apparent affinity constant was reduced to 1.6 x 107 m -1 whereas the second constant was unchanged. These constants coincide roughly with the midpoints of the concentration curve of TSH activation of adenylate cyclase. TSH was not displaced from the membranes by ITP and GTP at concentrations which enhance cyclase but only at concentrations above 1 m m ; the effect of ITP and GTP on binding was independent of medium conditions, TSH concentration or the presence of a regenerating system. TSH binding studied in the presence of activators and inhibitors of adenylate cyclase permitted classification of the compounds into four groups: (a) agents which affect cyclase and TSH binding in a parallel fashion (Ca2+, Na+, Li+, pronase, and cobramine B); (b) agents which enhance cyclase but decrease TSH binding (K+ and Mg2+); (c) agents which inhibit cyclase but enhance binding (phospholipase A and filipin); (d) agents which alter cyclase but not binding (ITP, GTP, F-, chlorpromazine, gramicidin S, valinomycin, and cetyl pyridinium chloride). It is concluded that: (a) TSH binding is relatively stable and major structural alterations are required to affect binding; (b) the effect of activators and inhibitors on TSH binding is independent of TSH concentration and medium conditions; (c) most modulators act in the cyclase system at a stage beyond hormone binding; (d) the response of TSH binding to nucleoside triphosphates indicates that the thyroid membrane system is different from other membrane systems; and (e) the relationship between hormone binding and cyclase activation is complex and direct correlation between binding and activation is not presently possible.
Children's and Adolescents’ Health in the United States

Children and adolescents differ from adults because their environment and behaviors are largely structured for them by outside influences, including parents or caregivers, schools, and daycare. This is especially true among younger children. Heath indicators among infants include birth weight and gestational age. These health indicators are strong predictors of health in childhood, adolescence, and even adulthood. Measures of childhood health examined here include cognitive ability, developmental disabilities, vaccinations, and parental ratings of global child health. As children enter adolescence they are granted more autonomy; thus the study of adolescent health includes health decisions made by the adolescents themselves, including risky behavior, sexual activity and health, and substance use. Additionally, another important indicator of child and adolescent health is obesity. Disparities exist on many indicators of child and adolescent health such that non-Hispanic white children, children whose mothers have higher educational attainment, and children with higher household incomes have better outcomes on many health indicators. Keywords: adolescence; children; obesity; race; vaccination
Organizational objectives for information security governance: a value focused assessment

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop theoretically grounded and empirically derived organizational security governance (OSG) objectives. Developing organizational security governance (OSG) objectives pose significant challenges for organizations considering the ever-increasing vulnerability from lack of or misuse of appropriate controls. In recent years, there have been several cases of colossal losses to businesses due to inadequate security governance measure. In many cases, organizations do not even know as to what their ISG objectives might be. Following an extensive empirical study, this paper proposes 6 fundamental and 17 means objectives for designing security governance. The objectives were developed from individual values of information technology and security executives across a wide range of firms. The study comprised 52 interview respondents across 9 firms, which resulted in 23 OSG objectives. Theoretically, the study was grounded in Catton’s (1959) value theory and Keeney’s (1992...
Benefits of PET/CT in cardiac imaging

2231 Objectives With cardiac imaging being such a high percentage of nuclear medicine studies, it is important to achieve the best results possible and accommodate as many patients as possible while minimizing radiation exposure to the patient. The high energy of PET pharmaceuticals reduces attenuation and the CT portion can be used to better localize defects and provide additional diagnostic results. The purpose of this study is to highlight the benefits of PET/CT over SPECT imaging in cardiac imaging Methods A total of 25 patients who had a PET/CT performed using Rb-82 were reviewed. Images were evaluated for quality and resolution. Additional diagnostic results were also assessed for their help in creating a diagnosis. Results The results of this study show that PET/CT in cardiac imaging provides physicians with more accurate results and can provide additional diagnostic results, such as calcium scoring, true stress ejection fraction and myocardial viability. These results can be achieved in a much shorter time period than conventional SPECT as well, making it more convenient for the patient. Conclusions PET/CT is preferable to SPECT in cardiac imaging as it reduces attenuation and can also be used for additional diagnostic results while reducing radiation exposure to the patient.
A habitat suitability model for pygmy rabbits ( Brachylagus iIdahoensis ) in southeastern Idaho

A habitat suitability model was developed for pygmy rabbit ( Brachylagus idahoensis ) habitat on the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) in southeastern Idaho. Suitable pygmy rabbit areas were characterized by greater cover and density of total shrubs and big sagebrush ( Artemisia tridentata ), as well as greater forb cover. Soil texture also played an important role in distinguishing suitable pygmy rabbit areas from nonuse sites. Principal components analysis (PCA) of several vegetation variables and soil texture was used to develop a habitat suitability model for pygmy rabbit habitat. This model, which can be used to successfully distinguish between pygmy rabbit use and nonuse areas on the INEEL, has the potential for use throughout the pygmy rabbits range.
Establishing an outpatient anticoagulation clinic in a community hospital

The establishment of a pharmacist-managed out-patient anticoagulation clinic in a private community hospital is described. Discussions by pharmacy with office-based physicians at a 187-bed, private, nonprofit community medical center indicated that the traditional system of anticoagulation management was not ideal for the physicians or their patients. Development of a pharmacist-managed anticoagulation clinic began in fall 1993; operations began in spring 1994. Planning included analyzing existing practices, reviewing the relevant literature, obtaining physician input, visiting an established anticoagulation clinic, formulating a business plan, and developing clinical protocols. Collaborative relationships were established with the hospital laboratory, business office, and risk management, information services, and medical records departments. Two pharmacists were trained to work in the clinic and provide coverage 24 hours a day. Services include patient assessment, monitoring of anticoagulation, warfarin dosage adjustment, medication management, patient education, follow-up care, and providing feedback to referring and attending physicians. The clinic has met with physician and patient satisfaction, has reduced the number of admissions to treat warfarin-related bleeding, and has been able to cover its direct costs. A pharmacist-managed anti-coagulation clinic was successfully established in a private community hospital.
Circular polarization of gamma rays following some first-forbidden beta transitions

Die verbotenen Beta-ubergange von As76, Rb86 und Au198 sind mit Hilfe der Methode der Zirkularpolarisations-Korrelation untersucht worden. Aus den gefundenen Anisotropien der Zirkularpolarisation werden unter Annahme von maximaler Interferenz zwischen Fermi- und Gamow-Teller-Anteilen der Wechselwirkung Werte fur eine Kombination von verbotenen Matrix-Elementen hergeleitet.
Using Multiple-Mode Models for Fitting and Predicting Rheological Properties of Polymeric Melts

Several classes of multiple-mode rheological constitutive equations are tested for fitting and predicting viscoelastic flow properties of a typical low-density polyeth- ylene melt. An optimization procedure is used to fit the phenomenological parameters of each model under consid- eration to experimental data taken in small-amplitude oscil- latory shear flow and steady shear flow. These parameter values are then used to generate predictions for transient shear and uniaxial elongational flow experiments, and the predictions are then compared to experimental data. Model successes and failures are discussed, and the outlook for using rheological equations in real design processes is ad- dressed. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 99: 405- 423, 2006
Motile chemosensory behaviour of phagotrophic protists: mechanisms for and efficiency in congregating at food patches.

Phagotrophic protists are capable of congregating at point sources of food within a few minutes, from distances of up to several cm in the case of ciliates, or several mm in the case of microflagellates. This is exemplified by four ciliate species and a heterotrophic flagellate. Congregation is accomplished by the combined effect of more than one type of chemosensory motile behaviour including “kinetic responses”, “temporal-gradient sensing”, and “helical klinotaxis”. The results are discussed in terms of microscale patchiness in nature.
Treatment of psoriatic arthritis with oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3: a pilot study.

We conducted a 6-month open-label trial in which 10 patients with active psoriatic arthritis received 2 mg of oral 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 daily. Statistically significant improvement was noted in the tender joint count and physician global impression. Of these 10 patients, 4 had substantial (≥50%) improvement, and 3 had moderate (≥25%) improvement in the tender joint count. Two patients were unable to receive therapeutic doses because of hypercalciuria. High-dose vitamin D may be a useful therapeutic agent for psoriatic arthritis.
Roles for Protons in Living Membranes: Cardiolipin

Cardiolipin (CL) in mitochondria has 2 unique headgroup conformations. In lipid bilayers (pK >7.0) it traps 2 protons forming patches. It also binds supercomplexes together where its phosphates bind cations. Patches trap protons with short, strong H-bonds (SSHBs) as described by Al Mildvan (Meth Enz 2007). CL's SSHBs trap protons its phosphates. They're tightly held due to insertion of CL's 4 chains into the bilayer. The H+, not available to water, has no affect the pH. Yet patches may act as a H+ antenna, pK >7.0, on both sides of the IM. X. Periole (JACS & Nature 2013) has identified CL-patch-binding-sites on the Xray structures of cyt bc1 & cyt oxidase, near the entrance to their putative H+ channels. Thus H+ delivery is on a microsecond (μs) timescale, like the chloroplast's chlorophyll antenna. The complexes pump on a msec timescale. CL patches are on the matrix side are near the F0 of the F0, F1 ATPase, the protons would charge F0 of the F0, F1, ATPase. SSHB formation minimally changes the pH on both membrane faces. Pumped protons have little ΔpH but a maximum ΔΨ. Junge & Oster have each shown that the F0 protons are driven by ΔΨ, not ΔpH.Living membrane surfaces are polyanionic, mostly on the lipid headgroups, tightly held together by their chains. Guoy-Chapman tells us that this decreases the surface pH. SHHB trapped protons have no effect on the pH. Finally, the ΔΨ of most living membranes is created by proton pumps on a msec timescale, but is adjusted by K-channels on a μs timescale. ΔΨ provokes wasteful leakage of H+s across the membrane. ATP energy pumps them back! Lipids, polyisoprenes, sterols, iso- and anteiso- chains, hopanoids and squalene inhibit this leakage.
Pharmacists’ Desired and Actual Times in Work Activities: Evidence of Gaps from the 2004 National Pharmacist Workforce Study

Objectives: To describe pharmacists’ work activities in the United States during 2004 in terms of (1) the desired amount of time they would like to spend in each of four work activities (medication dispensing, consultation, business management, drug use management), (2) the amount of time they actually spend in each activity, and (3) the gaps between desired and actual time reported in each activity. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Pharmacies (community chain, community independent, hospital, and other) in the United States. Participants: 1,564 actively practicing pharmacists. Intervention: Mailed survey from portions of the 2004 National Pharmacist Workforce Survey. Main Outcome Measures: Differences between desired and actual time spent in work activities in medication dispensing, consultation, business management, and drug use management and the associations between practice setting characteristics and demographic variables were explored using linear and logistic regression analyses. Practice variables included position, years in current position, working part time, work with other pharmacists, work with technicians, proportion of staff who are pharmacists, staff size, dispensing level. Demographic variables included age, gender, race, marital status, and year of licensure with respondents’ reported work activity amounts and gaps. Linear regression results were interpreted based on standardized beta coefficients and corresponding P values. Logistic regression results were interpreted based on 95% confidence intervals for odds ratios. Results: The proportion of time pharmacists devoted to medication dispensing, consultation, business management, and drug use management did not change between 2000 and 2004. Practice setting was the most consistently influential variable on pharmacists’ work activities when controlling for other variables. Pharmacists in all practice settings would like to spend more time in consultation and drug use management and less time in medication dispensing, but compared with community pharmacists, hospital and other patient care pharmacists were less likely to report a gap between desired and actual time spent in dispensing activities. Age was a significant predictor of gaps between desired and actual time spent in various activities, but only the oldest age groups (ages of 60 or 70 years and older) were significantly different from the reference group of pharmacists aged 23 to 30 years. Conclusion: Pharmacists would like to devote more of their time to consultation and drug use management activities in community pharmacy settings but have not yet been afforded a full opportunity to engage in these activities to the extent that they desire.
The importance of intraguild predation in predicting emergent multiple predator effects

Prey typically coexist with multiple predator species, each of which presents a predation risk related to its habitat domain and foraging mode. These predator characteristics can be used to predict how the risk from multiple predators will combine to create emergent multiple predator effects for shared prey. Interactions between predators, particularly intraguild predation, can strongly alter prey suppression, though the importance of intraguild predation in multiple predator effects has not been explicitly explored. Furthermore, the vast majority of studies on multiple predator effects has focused on shared prey that are herbivorous, thus experiments focused on mesopredators are needed to evaluate the generality of conclusions made about multiple predator effects. We used a suite of carnivorous arthropods to test a predictive framework of multiple predator effects and to evaluate the role of intraguild predation in shaping these effects. We allowed the wolf spiders Pardosa milvina, Tigrosa helluo, and Rabidosa rabida and the ground beetle Scarites quadriceps to interact and recorded the outcome of all predatory events. We used two tests of multiple predator effects to determine whether predators created risk enhancement, risk reduction, or were substitutable. We found that the occurrence of intraguild predation decreased the overall risk to prey, causing observed multiple predator effects to deviate from predictions. Additionally, we highlight the importance of considering predator identity, as predators were capable of increasing, decreasing, or not altering the success of their competitors. Our study demonstrates that intraguild predation is a critical factor in determining how the risk from multiple predators will combine to affect their prey.
A plasmid to visualize and assay termination and antitermination of transcription in Escherichia coli.

Abstract To facilitate the analysis of termination and antitermination of transcription in prokaryotes, a complex operon has been assembled into the pBR322 replicon, drawing upon natural and synthetic DNA elements. This operon is initiated from a strongly inducible promoter without temperature restraints. It includes a severe transcription terminator and therefore requires antitermination of transcription to express a downstream lacZ reporter gene. Antitermination can be provided by an upstream N-utilization site from phage λ, working in conjunction with N protein supplied in trans from a compatible plasmid. In this situation, the nusA gene of Salmonella, substituted into the Escherichia coli host, prevents lacZ function, confirming that a good facsimile of λ's specific antitermination mechanism has been recreated. The nonessential, easily assayed product of this operon, β-galactosidase, is also screenable by colony color on chromogenic substrate. The plasmid described will therefore serve as a tester for mutations affecting the various aspects of transcription regulation by termination.
New challenges for the diagnosis of feline immunodeficiency virus infection

Vaccination of cats against feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) with a whole-virus vaccine results in rapid and persistent production of antibodies that are indistinguishable from those used for diagnosis of FIV infection. There are no diagnostic tests available for veterinary practitioners at the present time to resolve the diagnostic dilemma posed by use of whole-virus vaccines for protection of cats against FIV. There is a great need for development of commercially available rapid diagnostic tests that conform to differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals standards.
"Smart" diblock copolymers as templates for magnetic-core gold-shell nanoparticle synthesis

We report a new strategy for synthesizing temperature-responsive γ-Fe2O3-core/Au-shell nanoparticles (Au-mNPs) from diblock copolymer micelles. The amphiphilic diblock copolymer chains were synthesized using reversible addition−fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) with a thermally responsive “smart” poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) block and an amine-containing poly(N,N-dimethylaminoethylacrylamide) (DMAEAm) block that acted as a reducing agent during gold shell formation. The Au-mNPs reversibly aggregated upon heating the solution above the transition temperature of pNIPAAm, resulting in a red-shifted localized surface plasmon resonance.
A Piagetian approach to infant referential behaviors

Abstract Near the end of the first year of life, infants begin producing referential behaviors that in adults indicate joint attention, or coordinating shared attention to an object with another person. These behaviors have been interpreted in the social cognitive literature as an indication that infants realize they are sharing attention to an object with another person. In this paper, we address theory and research on infant referential behaviors described as joint attention and offer an alternative explanation for the presence of these behaviors. Using Piaget's constructivist theory, we show how research in this area can be interpreted without assuming that infants have advanced social cognitive abilities. We argue that infants’ referential behaviors are motor signifiers of thought and that infants recognize humans as particularly relevant objects for their goal-directed behaviors. Finally, we describe how the field of infant joint attention research should proceed if a comprehensive understanding of infant cognitive processes is to be desired.
Reforming administration in Chinese academic libraries. A key to success

Abstract As centers of research and study in colleges and universities, Chinese academic libraries are heavily used and play a significant role in higher education. However, the level of administration can affect service to patrons and have an impact on their development. In this paper, the characteristics of administration in Chinese academic libraries are examined from both a historical perspective and current practice. The problems arising from the centralization of authority and administrative structure are also examined. Some possible suggestions are made of ways to improve library services in areas such as the quality of leadership, the creation of new positions, the increased responsibility of assistant directors, the re-organization of work distribution, the establishment of reference services, the development of faculty and staff participation in committee work, the importance of a library liaison program and the importance of designing a strategic plan for the library.
Comparative Toxicities of Five Synthetic Pyrethroids to the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), an Ichneumonid Parasite, Campoletis sonorensis, and a Predator, Chrysopa carnea

Five synthetic pyrethroids, phenothrin, cypennethrin, tralomethrin, fluvalinate and Pay-off, [(±)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl (+)-4-(diflouromethoxy)-α-(1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate], were tested for toxicity to larvae of the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F.), larvae of a predator, Chrysopa carnea Stephens, and adult males of a parasite, Campoletis sonorensis (Carlson). Tralomethrin was the most toxic to the pest and the parasite, but one of the least toxic to the predator. All these synthetic pyrethroids were less toxic to the predator than to the parasite and, except for phenothrin, were less toxic to the predator than to the pest. Based on their selectivity ratios, tralomethrin seems to be the most promising candidate of the pyrethroids tested for use in integrated pest management programs, provided C. carnea is the major natural enemy component in the ecosystem. Pay-off, tralomethrin, and fluvalinate were nearly equal in toxicity to the pest and the parasite, and therefore, if applied at low doses these insecticides could allow survival of enough parasites to provide additional control of the pest.
Note on Goldfried's cross validation of Marlowe-Crowne social desirability items.

Goldfried reports a cross-validation of a scale of items (the Marlowe-Crowne) intended to measure need for social approval. It proved feasible to rescore the scales of 3 samples of Ss using the Goldfried version of the instrument. The resulting correlations do not indicate that the Goldfried subset of items adds to the effectiveness of the instrument. Implications of the mode and state of development of the scale's validity for its use in various research settings are mentioned.
Air rifles—Lethal weapons

Modern air rifles are very powerful and potentially dangerous, yet they are sold without a license because they are considered toys. We report on 16 patients who were shot with air rifles. Nine of these patients were treated in the last 3 years. Seven patients sustained injuries to the chest and upper back. The BB (ball bearing) penetrated the aorta of two patients, one of whom died. One of two patients shot in the abdomen had injuries to the iliac artery and the colon. Three patients were shot in the head and neck, three in the extremities, and one through the penis. Particularly alarming to us is the fact that nine patients had been shot intentionally after minor arguments with other children. The assailants were neighborhood children in seven cases, a friend in five, and a sibling in two.
Laser interferometric technique for measuring polymer cure kinetics

An optical interference apparatus for the analysis of polymer curing kinetics is described. The device employs a helium-neon laser and a home-built Michelson interferometer to measure refractive index variations and film thickness variations during film polymerization. The refractive index variation provides a phenomenological measure of the extent of cure. The technique is demonstrated by collecting interferometric curing profiles for a UV photocurable acrylate resin formulation. Systematic comparisons of curing profiles are made as a function of UV illumination intensity and photoinitiator concentration. Several aspects of the curing process are characterized by these interferometric measurements, such as film shrinkage, gel point formation, and the kinetics of photopolymerization inhibition.
FASB's conceptual framework: Is it being taught?

Abstract FASB conceptual framework supporters suggest that the future acceptance of the framework by the accounting profession is dependent in part upon student classroom exposure to the framework. This study surveyed intermediate accounting professors to determine if this exposure is occurring. Survey results suggest that the framework is frequently discussed-but normally at a superficial level. The study also attempted to develop a profile of teachers who emphasize the framework. No associations were found when testing for individual characteristics. However, an association was found between those identified as substantive framework professors and respondents from programs which allot more than six semester credit hours for the intermediate accounting sequence as well as these programs which offer undergraduate theory courses.