cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Financial Accelerator in Action: Economic Fundamentals, Real Estate Dynamics, and Business Cycles in Japan

Using the test case of Japan during 1980 to 2000, this paper quantitatively explores a trinity of issues: (a) role of time variations in aggregate productivity and land taxation policy on real estate market fluctuations, (b) extent of spillover from the real estate market to the aggregate economy, and (c) given the preponderance of real-estate backed lending practices, the significance of the financial accelerator mechanism in turning small shocks to the real estate market into an amplified and prolonged business cycles. Using a fully calibrated, dynamic general equilibrium model, the paper finds that fluctuations in productivity and land taxes account well for fluctuations in output and land redistribution between commercial and residential uses. Land prices, on the other hand, are very sensitive to agents' expectations about persistence of the initial shocks. A comparison of the benchmark model with an alternative where credit constraints are exogenously determined numerically establishes the power of the financial accelerator in amplifying and prolonging a business cycle.
Seminar on the Outcome of the Advisory Opinion Issued by the Seabed Disputes Chamber of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea on 1 February 2011 on the Responsibilities and Obligations of States Sponsoring Activities in the International Seabed Area

The Seabed Disputes Chamber has issued an important opinion advising on the current state of the law regarding the obligations and liability of States sponsoring deep seabed mining activities in the zone beyond national jurisdiction ("the Area"). This presentation discusses the common heritage nature of the Area and the measures that sponsoring States will need to take to satisfy their obligations under the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and related instruments.
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Framework for an Al+Fe2O3 Reactive Metal Powder Mixture

This work focuses on the development of a classical molecular dynamics (MD) framework that can be used to analyze the quasi-static strength, elastic-constants, and dynamic strength of nanostructured Fe 2 O 3 +Al reactive metal powder (NRMP) mixtures. An interatomic potential is developed for the Fe 2 O 3 +Al NRMP system, accounting for the behavior of Al, Fe, Fe-Al intermetallics, Fe 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 . This potential can be regarded as a generalization and combination of several existing potentials for the individual components in the system. The potential incorporates electronegativity equalization to account for pressure-induced phase transformation. In addition, the parameter set of the potential is capable of predicting the elastic properties of components over a range of 0 - 900 K.
The effects of linguistic stress on ASL signs.

Target ASL signs were elicited in stressed and unstressed contexts for ten different types of sign movement. Previous reports that stressed signs tended to change the size and intensity of their movements were only partially confirmed. No single cue emerged as the primary indicator of stress. Qualitative analysis of the modifications revealed that there were some features commonly associated with stress which occurred across the ten movement categories. These included using non-manual behaviors (facial expression, body shifts), sharp beginning and/or end boundaries in the sign, producing signs physically higher in the signing space, and bracing or repetition of words and phrases. Signs normally made without linear path movement tended to add one, but other stressing cues, such as repetition and increasing signing speed, tended to be sporadic in utilization. The actual movement type in each of the ten categories appeared to be less important as a predictor of stress markings than whether the sign had path ...
On the use of the Spanish subjunctive among Spanish-English bilinguals

RESUMENSe realizo un estudio empirico destinado a investigar el uso del subjuntivo espanol entre hablantes bilingues de espanol e ingles. El estudio se limito a dos tipos de construcciones: el hecho de que—y molestarle a uno que—, ambas ejemplos de un grupo general en que la matriz u oracion principal constituye un comentario sobre la subordinada o complemento oracional. Se partio de la hipotesis que a mayor influencia del ingles menor es la aparicion del subjuntivo en tales construcciones ya que en ingles no hay distincion de modo en ellas. Se trato ademas de constatar la hipotesis de que existe una correlacion ‘Informacion novel, Indicativo/Informacion ya conocida, subjuntivo’. Se repartio un cuestionario ‘abierto’ a tres grupos de hablantes: cubanos residentes de Miami, Florida, venezolanos estudiantes de una universidad norteamericana (con relativamente corto tiempo en el pais) y mexico-americanos residentes de San Antonio, Texas. Se pidio a los sujetos que completaran de su propia experiencia la orac...
Research on the cushioning ability of cushion chamber system for high speed cylinder

The cushion capacity of cushion chamber system for high speed cylinder is thoroughly and theoretically analyzed. In view of high speed cylinder with the datum speed of piston 2m/s, the fluctuation of speed 10%, the regularity on cushion capacity of cushion chamber system relative to damping length, piston speed and variation of actuation mass is obtained by the simulation and experiment study of cushion chamber system input and output energy. It is the essential and theoretical basis for developing cushion valve with the pressure feedback having auto-adapted ability to piston speed change of high speed cylinder.
Analysis on Prophylatic Inoculation Dispute and Guard Countermeasure

The vaccination vaccine is the anticipatory control infectious disease is most effective, the most economical method. Works the comprehensive popularization along with the childhood immunizations vaccination, the prophylatic inoculation investigates numerous increases the tendency. This article based the vaccination outpatient service work actual research to propose the prophylatic inoculation dispute formed reason: The vaccine inoculation response, the prophylatic inoculation accident, the immunity defeat, the vaccine case, coincidence illness get sick with the medical trouble contradictory intensification and so on. Simultaneously proposed including the strict vaccine management, grasps the contraindication, the standard vaccination operation, to make the public education and to improve guard prophylatic inoculation dispute's the correctly and so on vaccinators quality countermeasures and the measure.
Adenosine and free-flow functional hyperemia in striated muscle

Striated muscle arteriolar responses to 1.5 min of 1-Hz contraction and/or increased tissue O2 partial pressure (PO2) were observed during exposure of the tissue interstitial space to adenosine deaminase (ADA) to evaluate the role of adenosine (ADO) as a regulator for blood flow. The microvasculature of the hamster cremaster muscle was continuously superfused with a bicarbonate buffer containing 11 micrograms ADA/ml and equilibrated with 5% CO2 and various O2 concentrations. Arterioles (resting diameter less than 30 micrometers) constricted a maximum of 55% when the superfusate gas tension was increased from 0 to 95% O2, but ADA had no effect on this behavior. Arterioles dilated during exercise, but the diameter change was decreased 20-25% during exercise with ADA treatment at both normal and elevated tissue PO2. As ADA had no effect on either the vasodilation to 2-chloroadenosine or resting arteriolar diameter, it was probably specific in its action. Assuming that all extracellular ADO was accessible to ADA and that ADA neutralized most newly formed ADO, we conclude that ADO is one component of a multifactor system mediating short periods of free-flow exercise hyperemia and that the release of ADO is not necessarily dependent on tissue hypoxia.
Low-Pressure Group with Normal or Decreased Transpulmonary Blood Flow

Initial studies in our laboratory were concerned with the consequences of a restricted pulmonary arterial outflow on the pulmonary circulation. These studies were conducted both in the experimental animal23 and in patients with congenital heart disease.15 The general features, with particular emphasis on the development of the bronchial arterial collateral circulation, were described in detail. Later our attention focused on changes occurring in the elastic arteries of the pulmonary circulation under these conditions. This chapter discusses the findings of these various investigations.
Abstract 733: Analysis of the hypoxic transcriptome in cells and solid tumors reveals a novel spliced isoform of the key regulator of mRNA translation, eIF2B5

Solid tumors exhibit a range of oxygen concentrations, in part due to abnormal vasculature and limited diffusion of oxygen which lead to hypoxia. Tumor hypoxia is associated with resistance to treatment, metastasis and poor patient outcome for many types of cancer. Assessing the impact of hypoxia in the tumor microenvironment and understanding how it contributes to tumorigenesis and survival is a challenging research goal for several reasons; a chief obstacle has been developing methods to analyze the transcriptome within precise regions of the tumor microenvironment in vivo. To address this task, we used Laser-Capture-Microdissection (LCM) of tumors labeled with the hypoxia probe, EF5, to specifically isolate normoxic and hypoxic regions of tumors from a murine model of head and neck cancer. We then carried out deep RNA-sequencing of the in vivo samples and corresponding in vitro samples grown in 0.5% oxygen conditions. Here we present the first described study of the hypoxic transcriptome in tumors at base-pair resolution. Our goal is to use these data to evaluate the potential of previously unstudied hypoxia-mediated pathways, such as the regulation of mRNA splicing, to be targeted therapeutically. We identified global changes in several classes of splicing in hypoxic compared to normoxic head and neck cancer cells, including changes in expression of last exons, retained introns and 3’ untranslated regions. Many of the alternatively spliced isoforms are in pathways central to hypoxic adaptation, such as glycolysis, cell cycle and translation. Among these genes, we uncovered a previously undescribed splicing event in the master regulator of translation, EIF2B5. The full-length protein encoded by EIF2B5 (eIF2Ba), is a necessary catalytic component of the eIF2B complex, which binds eIF2a and exchanges GDP for GTP to initiate translation. Strikingly, hypoxia induces retention of intron 12 in EIF2B5, which leads to insertion of an early stop codon in frame with the coding sequence; the resulting 65kDa protein isoform lacks a functional guanine nucleotide exchange (GEF) domain compared to the full-length isoform, but retains the region known to bind eIF2B complex subunits. Thus, we predict that the 65kDa isoform of eIF2Ba, may act in opposition to full-length eIF2Ba and inhibit translation initiation in conditions of oxygen deprivation. We are investigating EIF2B5, and other select hypoxia-regulated isoforms, to evaluate how alternative splicing impacts cell growth and survival in hypoxic tumors. Citation Format: Lauren K. Brady, Rohil Shekher, Vladimir Popov, Mircea Ivan, Milan Radovich, Constantinos Koumenis. Analysis of the hypoxic transcriptome in cells and solid tumors reveals a novel spliced isoform of the key regulator of mRNA translation, eIF2B5. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 733.
Improving the probability of detection inside the intersection area of two-radar systems based upon scan-to-scan processing, scan rate modulation, and probability fusion rules

This paper discusses the probability of detection enhancement at the fusion area scanned by two radars. The improvement is implemented by three techniques, scan rate modulation, scan-to-scan processing, and applying the probability of detection rules (AND, OR) to make a decision. The simulation results reveal that using AND rules with precalculation of the threshold is better at enhancing the probability of detection and reducing the probability of false alarm. Furthermore, scan-to-scan processing has a considerable influence on reducing false alarms. Moreover, scan rate modulation increases the probability of detection and maintains the probability of false alarm within a permissible limit.
Variable coherence in determining the scattering parameters of diffuse media using laser speckle

Summary form only given. We demonstrate the application of a variable-coherence laser source for determining the scattering parameters of a diffuse medium and the potential for imaging spatially-dependent scatter. A key concept in this work in the ability to synthesize a variable-coherence source by frequency modulating a tunable laser diode (with a center wavelength of 850 nm) at a rate much faster than the integration time of the detector. This allows for a rapid measurement and the adaption of laser coherence to the degree of scatter, which we show is critical in obtaining the necessary sensitivity.
Multicasting in Ad Hoc Networks

The widespread use of mobile and handheld devices is likely to popularize ad hoc networks, which do not require any wired infrastructure for intercommunication. The nodes of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) operate as end hosts as well as routers. They intercommunicate through single-hop and multi-hop paths in a peer-to-peer fashion. Most applications of MANETs require efficient support for multicast communications in which a node can communicate with multiple other nodes exploiting the broadcast nature of wireless channels. In this chapter, we first provide a classification approach of the mulitcasting techniques in mobile ad hoc networks, followed by the description of the protocols. Overarching issues such as energy efficiency, reliability, quality of service, and security have been also addressed. Several intriguing issues have been identified for further investigation on this topic.
Open workshop on Decision-Based Design: origin, status, promise, and future

The design perspective known as Decision-Based Design (DBD) has been under investigation via a web site-based workshop. During its first three years of operation, the Open Workshop focused on defining design from a DBD perspective and investigating the proper role of the DBD perspective on design. The workshop seeks to establish connections between theories in other disciplines, included and related to decision-making, and design. These relationships enrich our design theory foundations and provide insight for researchers. This paper summarizes the activities of the workshop as seen through the eyes of the organizers.
The immune deficiency of chromosome 22q11.2 deletion syndrome

The syndrome originally described by Dr. Angelo DiGeorge had immunodeficiency as a central component. When a 22q11.2 deletion was identified as the cause in the majority of patients with DiGeorge syndrome, the clinical features of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome became so expansive that the immunodeficiency became less prominent in our thinking about the syndrome. This review will focus on the immune system and the changes in our understanding over the past 50 years. Initially characterized as a pure defect in T cell development, we now appreciate that many of the clinical features related to the immunodeficiency are well downstream of the limitation imposed by a small thymus. Dysfunctional B cells presumed to be secondary to compromised T cell help, issues related to T cell exhaustion, and high rates of atopy and autoimmunity are aspects of management that require consideration for optimal clinical care and for designing a cogent monitoring approach. New data on atopy are presented to further demonstrate the association.
On the rao-blackwellization and its application for graph sampling via neighborhood exploration

We study how the so-called Rao-Blackwellization, which is a variance reduction technique via “conditioning” for Monte Carlo methods, can be judiciously applied for graph sampling through neighborhood exploration. Despite its popularity for Monte Carlo methods, it is little known for Markov chain Monte Carlo methods and has never been discussed for random walk-based graph sampling. We first propose two forms of Rao-Blackwellization that can be used as a swap-in replacement for virtually all (reversible) random-walk graph sampling methods, and prove that the ‘Rao-Blackwellized’ estimators reduce the (asymptotic) variances of their original estimators yet maintain their inherent unbiasedness. The variance reduction can translate into lowering the number of samples required to achieve a desired sampling accuracy. However, the sampling cost for neighborhood exploration, if required, may outweigh such improvement, even leading to higher total amortized cost. Considering this, we provide a generalization of Rao-Blackwellization, which allows one to choose a suitable extent of obtaining Rao-Blackwellized samples in order to achieve a right balance between sampling cost and accuracy. We finally provide simulation results via real-world datasets that confirm our theoretical findings.
The Improbability of Popular Rebellion in Kim Jong-un’s North Korea and Policy Alternatives for the USA:

The Trump administration has declared its determination to resolve the problems posed by North Korea, but a full-scale military intervention would impart a terrible human cost and could ignite a gl...
Risk Factors Associated with Readmission and Reoperation in Patients Undergoing Spine Surgery.

Objective Reoperation and readmission are often avoidable, costly, and difficult to predict. We sought to identify risk factors for readmission and reoperation after spine surgery and to use these factors to develop a scoring system predictive of readmission and reoperation. Methods The National Surgical Quality Improvement Project database for years 2012 to 2014 was reviewed for patients undergoing spinal surgery, and 68 perioperative characteristics were analyzed. Results A total of 111,892 patients who underwent spinal surgery were identified. The rate of reoperation was 3.1%, the rate of readmission was 5.2%, and the occurrence of either was 6.6%. Multivariate analysis found 20 perioperative factors significantly associated with both readmission and reoperation. Preoperative and operative factors found significant included age >60 years, African-American race, recent weight loss, chronic steroid use, on dialysis, blood transfusion required, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification ≥3, contaminated wound, >10% probability of experiencing morbidity, and operative time >3 hours. Postoperative associations identified included urinary tract infection, stroke, dehiscence, pulmonary embolism, sepsis, septic shock, deep and superficial surgical site infection, reintubation, and failure to wean from ventilator. An unweighted and weighted risk score were generated that yielded receiver operating characteristic curves with areas under the curve of 0.707 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.701–0.713) and 0.743 (95% CI: 0.736–0.749) 0.708 (95% CI: 0.702–0.715), respectively. Conclusions Patients with an unweighted score ≥7 had a more than 20-fold increased risk of reoperation or readmission and a more than 1000-fold increased risk of mortality than did patients with a score of 0.
Teachers Navigating Civic Education When Students Are Undocumented: Building Case Knowledge

Currently, a knowledge gap exists at the intersection of immigration, citizenship, and education. We have little knowledge of how teachers teach about citizenship when they anticipate that some of ...
A Three Country Study for Understanding Physicians' Engagement With Electronic Information Resources Pre and Post System Implementation

Deriving the benefits of electronic information resources as provided by electronic medical record systems (EMR) on a global scale is critically dependent on physicians' adoption and continued use of such resources. Yet, there is little known about the factors that motivate physicians to adopt and continue to use electronic information resources. The purpose of this article is to investigate the motivational factors leading to adoption and usage of electronic information resources in diverse regions of the world including developing countries (India and Egypt) and developed countries (the US). Based on the socio-cognitive theory and the decomposed theory of planned behavior, the authors surveyed 314 physicians in three countries in order to assess their engagement with electronic information resources. Data was analyzed via PLS for direct and indirect effects of socio-cognitive constructs and their impact on electronic information resources' use intentions. The authors' results suggest there are similarities as well as differences in factors impacting adoption and usage of electronic information resources pre and post EMR implementation in both developing and developed countries. They found that physicians' perceptions of effort expectations, technological infrastructure and support, and computer self-efficacy were the strongest direct drivers influencing intentions to use electronic information resources both in pre and post-EMR implementations in all three countries that were studied. However, a richer set of factors contributed to physicians' intentions to continue to use electronic information resources, post-EMR, in developed countries as compared to pre-EMR in developing countries. Social influences had a strong indirect effects, influencing physicians' perceptions of effort expectations post-EMR as well as perceptions of performance expectations pre-EMR implementation. Computer self-efficacy was a significant predictor of effort expectations of an electronic information resource both pre and post-EMR implementation while compatibility with physicians' practices significantly influenced performance expectations in both pre and post EMR implementations in all three countries studied. The authors' study provides important theoretical and practical implications for successful management and implementation of electronic information resources such that they are adopted and used in the healthcare environment.
Head Trauma, Overview

Estimates indicate that 50% of trauma-related deaths are the result of head trauma. Most head injuries are transportation related. Recently, however, violence-related head injury has become such a concern that blast injuries of the brain are now described as a specific entity. Brain trauma is typically measured using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging is the preferred diagnostic imaging study. Unfavorable outcomes are associated with age, low GCS score, pupillary responses to light, low GCS motor score, electroencephalographic findings, eye movements, and imaging presentation. Preventive measures and better recognition of the type of trauma and its treatment continue to improve.
PYRAMIDAL CELLS | Membrane Properties and Synaptic Circuitry of CA3 Pyramidal Neurons that Promote Epileptiform Neuronal Synchronization

The CA3 region of the hippocampus, as studied in in vitro slice preparations, is susceptible to abnormal synchronization that is similar to epileptiform activity in vivo. Brief interictal activity, or longer synchronous neuronal activity that mimics seizures, can be produced by activating the CA3 region. The basis for the abnormal synchronous activity results from the recurrent excitatory local circuitry of the CA3 region, and from the intrinsic burst-firing membrane properties of CA3 pyramidal neurons. Identification of these ‘epileptogenic’ features has led to a variety of studies that focus on key variables that cause and modulate epileptiform activity. Insight gained from the CA3 network function should provide additional understanding of the transition from interictal to ictal patterns of activity as well as the mechanisms underlying seizure termination and prevention.
Su1262 A Comparison of Endoscopic Approachs to Closure of Iatrogenic Perforations in the Porcine Model Using Omental Patch and Standard Hemoclips

Su1262 A Comparison of Endoscopic Approachs to Closure of Iatrogenic Perforations in the Porcine Model Using Omental Patch and Standard Hemoclips Dustin Kiker*, Bryan Hanysak, Joanna Linsteadt, Andrew Jatskiv, Laura Rosenkranz, Sandeep Patel University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, San Antonio, TX Background: GI perforations, both iatrogenic as well as ulcer related, have traditionally been repaired via surgical methods. The surgical omental patch is the current gold standard for repair of iatrogenic and ulcer related perforations but has been associated with a significant morbidity and some technical difficulty in the elderly, obese, and diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to compare the efficiency and efficacy between two endoscopic techniques for closure of iatrogenic gastric perforations: endoscopic omental patch vs hemoclips alone. Methods: 28 consecutive healthy female domestic pigs underwent transgastric peritoneal access via the anterior gastric wall utilizing traditional methods of initial transgastric puncture with needle knife followed by direct extension of the defect using 15mm dilation balloon catheter. Gastrotomy closure was accomplished endoscopically by either approximating the defect utilizing Resolution hemoclips (HC) in 12 pigs or by creating an omental patch (OP) in 16 pigs. The omental patch was created via suctioning omentum into the endoscope and pulling it through the defect into the gastric cavity and securing it in place via hemoclips. The pigs were recovered and allowed to resume food on postoperative day 1. Necropsy was performed at day 14 with careful inspection of the abdominal cavity for evidence of infection (abscess or adhesions) and wound healing. The stomach was explanted and pneumatically inflated until rupture with pressures being recorded via a datascope. (figure 1) Efficiency was based on the time and number of clips required to adequately close the defect as well as physician scoring scaled from 1 (easy) to 4 (extremely difficult). Efficacy of closure was based on stomach rupture pressures as well as noted infection rates. Comparison of the two techniques was made using Fishers Exact Test and Student t-test. ( 0.05).
Effects of Prenatal and Postnatal Nicotine Administration on Biochemical Aspects of Brain Development

It has now been established from a number of studies concerned with the effects of nicotine on the adult brain that, depending on the dose administered, nicotine is capable of facilitating elementary forms of learning (Bovet et al., 1969), stimulating or depressing spontaneous motor activity (Bovet et al., 1967; Larson and Silvetti, 1965), inducing EEG and behavioral arousal (Knapp and Domino, 1962; Yamamoto and Domino, 1965), and inducing seizure discharges (Stumpf, 1965; Stumpf and Gogolak, 1967). Although less work has been conducted on the effects of this noxious agent on the developing brain, work from this laboratory using electroconvulsive tests as a measure of whole brain activity has shown that maturation is delayed in the offspring of nicotine-treated animals and that susceptibility to convulsions is temporarily increased once maturity has been attained (Hudson et al., 1973).
Warming of the interior Arctic Ocean linked to sea ice losses at the basin margins

Arctic Ocean measurements reveal a near doubling of ocean heat content relative to the freezing temperature in the Beaufort Gyre halocline over the past three decades (1987–2017). This warming is linked to anomalous solar heating of surface waters in the northern Chukchi Sea, a main entryway for halocline waters to join the interior Beaufort Gyre. Summer solar heat absorption by the surface waters has increased fivefold over the same time period, chiefly because of reduced sea ice coverage. It is shown that the solar heating, considered together with subduction rates of surface water in this region, is sufficient to account for the observed halocline warming. Heat absorption at the basin margins and its subsequent accumulation in the ocean interior, therefore, have consequences for Beaufort Gyre sea ice beyond the summer season.
The Genesis of the Birther Rumor: Partisanship, Racial Attitudes, and Political Knowledge

A growing body of work has examined the psychological underpinnings of conspiracy theory endorsement, arguing that the propensity to believe in conspiracy theories and political rumors is a function of underlying predispositions and motivated reasoning. We show, like others, that rumor endorsement can also be a function of individuals’ group attitudes. In particular, among white Americans, birther beliefs are uniquely associated with racial animus. We merge this finding with other work which shows that rumors are more strongly endorsed by the individuals most motivated and capable of integrating them among their pre-existing attitudes and beliefs. We find, therefore, that it is white Republicans who are both racially conservative and highly knowledgeable who possess the most skepticism about Obama's birthplace.
China’s double body: infrastructure routes and the mapping of China’s nation-state and civilization-state

In contemporary China, there are two cartographies that underlie geographical imaginations of China’s political, economic, and cultural nature. The first is the geobody, a bordered notion of the st...
Predator-prey dynamics of bald eagles and glaucous-winged gulls at Protection Island, Washington, USA.

Bald eagle (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) populations in North America rebounded in the latter part of the twentieth century, the result of tightened protection and outlawing of pesticides such as DDT. An unintended consequence of recovery may be a negative impact on seabirds. During the 1980s, few bald eagles disturbed a large glaucous‐winged gull (Larus glaucescens) colony on Protection Island, Washington, USA, in the Salish Sea. Breeding gull numbers in this colony rose nearly 50% during the 1980s and early 1990s. Beginning in the 1990s, a dramatic increase in bald eagle activity ensued within the colony, after which began a significant decline in gull numbers. To examine whether trends in the gull colony could be explained by eagle activity, we fit a Lotka–Volterra‐type predator–prey model to gull nest count data and Washington State eagle territory data collected in most years between 1980 and 2016. Both species were assumed to grow logistically in the absence of the other. The model fits the data with generalized R 2 = 0.82, supporting the hypothesis that gull dynamics were due largely to eagle population dynamics. Point estimates of the model parameters indicated approach to stable coexistence. Within the 95% confidence intervals for the parameters, however, 11.0% of bootstrapped parameter vectors predicted gull colony extinction. Our results suggest that the effects of bald eagle activity on the dynamics of a large gull colony were explained by a predator–prey relationship that included the possibility of coexistence but also the possibility of gull colony extinction. This study serves as a cautionary exploration of the future, not only for gulls on Protection Island, but for other seabirds in the Salish Sea. Managers should monitor numbers of nests in seabird colonies as well as eagle activity within colonies to document trends that may lead to colony extinction.
A Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Their Role in Immunotherapy in Glioblastoma: From Preclinical Studies to Clinical Trials.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary central nervous system malignancy in adults with a median survival of less than 15 months. Surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are the standard of care and provide modest benefits in survival, but tumor recurrence is inevitable. The poor prognosis of GBM has made the development of novel therapies targeting GBM of paramount importance. Immunotherapy via dendritic cells (DCs) has garnered attention and research as a potential strategy to boost anti-tumor immunity in recent years. As the “professional” antigen processing and presenting cells, DCs play a key role in the initiation of anti-tumor immune responses. Pre-clinical studies in GBM have shown long-term tumor survival and immunological memory in murine models with stimulation of DC activity with various antigens and costimulatory molecules. Phase I and II clinical trials of DC vaccines in GBM have demonstrated some efficacy in improving the median overall survival with minimal to no toxicity with promising initial results from the first Phase III trial. However, there remains no standardization of vaccines in terms of which antigens are used to pulse DCs ex vivo, sites of DC injection, and optimal adjuvant therapies. Future work with DC vaccines aims to elucidate the efficacy of DC-based therapy alone or in combination with other immunotherapy adjuvants in additional Phase III trials.
The Association of Perioperative Glycemic Control With Adverse Outcomes Within 6 Months After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Purpose To determine the association between glycemic control and adverse events after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (RCR). Methods Patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus who underwent arthroscopic RCR and had a hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level determined within 3 months before or after surgery were identified in a national database and stratified by HbA1c level. The incidence of postoperative infection within 6 months was determined using Current Procedural Terminology and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine whether a threshold HbA1c level existed above which the risk of infection, revision rotator cuff surgery, and lysis of adhesions (LOA)–manipulation under anesthesia (MUA) after arthroscopic RCR was significantly increased. This threshold was then tested using a logistic regression analysis. Results The study included 3,740 patients with an infection rate ranging from a low of 0.29% to a high of 1.14% after RCR. The inflection point of the ROC curve for infection corresponded to an HbA1c level between 7.0 and 8.0 mg/dL (P = .035; area under the curve, 0.648; specificity, 61%; sensitivity, 59%). We then used 8.0 mg/dL as a threshold to test for adverse outcomes. We found a significant difference in infection rates for patients with levels below versus above the threshold (0.30% vs 0.84%; OR, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.2-3.4; P = .014) but no difference in revision rates (P = .240) or LOA-MUA (P = .650) in patients with levels above versus below the threshold. Conclusions The risk of infection after RCR in patients with diabetes mellitus increases as the perioperative HbA1c level increases and, although statistically significant, remains low. ROC curve analysis determined that a perioperative HbA1c level above 8.0 mg/dL could serve as a threshold level; however, the area under the curve and low sensitivity reflected the poor utility of this test as an independent predictor. This study did not find an association between increased perioperative HbA1c levels and rates of revision rotator cuff surgery or LOA-MUA after RCR. Level of Evidence Level III, retrospective cohort study.
Enhancing the applicability of multicomponent time-dependent density functional theory

The multicomponent extension of time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) within the nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) framework enables the calculation of both electronic and vibrational excitations simultaneously. In this NEO-TDDFT approach, all electrons and select nuclei, typically protons, are treated quantum mechanically on the same level. Herein, the dependence of the proton vibrational excitation energies on the nuclear and electronic basis sets is examined. Protonic basis sets that include f basis functions in conjunction with substantial electronic basis sets for the quantum hydrogen are found to produce accurate proton vibrational excitation energies that are mostly within ∼30 cm-1 of reference values for the molecules studied. The NEO-TDDFT approach is shown to be effective for open-shell as well as closed-shell systems. Additionally, an approach for computing and visualizing the nuclear transition densities associated with the proton vibrational excitations is implemented. These nuclear transition densities are important for characterizing the proton vibrational excitations and determining the spatial orientations of the corresponding vibrational modes. These capabilities are essential for a variety of applications, including the incorporation of anharmonic effects into molecular vibrational frequency calculations.
Molecular Mechanisms for Dephasing: Toward a Unified Treatment of Gases, Solids and Liquids

In this paper we are concerned with the role of dephasing (optical T1 and T2) in various molecular relaxation processes. Specifically, we are asking the following questions: (1) What is the relationship between the lineshape function and the dephasing time? (2) What are the different processes that contribute to the overall dephasing rate ? (3) Are the approximations made in describing dephasing in solids and liquids reasonable ? (4) Can we use a unified theoretical approach to describe dephasing in gases, solids, and liquids ?
Religion and Volunteering in Marital Relationships

Married people are generally more religious and do volunteer work more frequently than unmarried people. However, little is known about which religious characteristics or domains predict volunteering behaviors among married couples. Using data from a U.S. national sample of heterosexual married couples, we examine which aspects of couples’ religiosity predicted husbands’ and wives’ reports of volunteering. Results from actor-partner interdependence models indicated that performing religious observances in the home was associated with wives’ reports of volunteering. Attending religious services regularly with one’s spouse was associated with higher levels of volunteering for both wives and husbands. Other domains of religiosity, such as marital sanctification and co-religionist networks, were not associated with volunteering when other religious variables were in the model.
Is the Brain an Early or Late Component of Essential Hypertension

The brain's relationship to essential hypertension is primarily understood to be that of an end-organ, damaged late in life by stroke or dementia. Emerging evidence, however, shows that heightened blood pressure (BP) early in life and prior to traditionally defined hypertension, relates to altered brain structure, cerebrovascular function, and cognitive processing. Deficits in cognitive function, cerebral blood flow responsivity, volumes of brain areas, and white matter integrity all relate to increased but prehypertensive levels of BP. Such relationships may be observed as early as childhood. In this review, we consider the basis of these relationships by examining the emergence of putative causative factors for hypertension that would impact or involve brain function/structure, e.g., sympathetic nervous system activation and related endocrine and inflammatory activation. Currently, however, available evidence is not sufficient to fully explain the specific pattern of brain deficits related to heightened BP. Despite this uncertainty, the evidence reviewed suggests the value that early intervention may have, not only for reducing BP, but also for maintaining brain function.
Use of a Technological Prompting Device To Aid a Student with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder To Initiate and Complete Daily Tasks: An Exploratory Study

This single-subject study examined the effects of a technological prompting device for assisting a student with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, predominantly inattentive type, to initiate...
An Assessment of the Credit Rating Agencies: Background, Analysis, and Policy

The major credit rating agencies (CRAs)?Moody's, Standard & Poor's (SP most recently SP what they do; why they have been so central to the bond markets; their role in the financial crisis of 2008?2009; and the appropriate public-policy measures for them going forward.
Co-use of medication and alcohol: The influence on subjective effects of intoxication and affect.

Co-use of alcohol and medication can have serious negative health effects (e.g., overdose risk, liver damage). Research has primarily focused on older adults or the pharmacokinetics of specific medication-alcohol combinations. Little work has focused on the subjective experience of persons who take alcohol-interactive (AI) medications and also drink alcohol, particularly in psychiatric samples at high risk for problematic alcohol use and high rates of prescription medication use, such as individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Data from a larger ecological momentary assessment study of alcohol use in 52 persons diagnosed with BPD (83% women; Mage = 26 years) were used to examine the influence of alcohol intoxication (i.e., estimated blood alcohol concentration [eBAC]) and medication co-use on momentary subjective experience while drinking. Participants reported AI medication use at baseline and completed multiple ecological momentary assessment reports per day over 21 days, which included reports of alcohol use, subjective effects of alcohol (e.g., pleasure, feeling worse), and negative and positive affect. AI medications significantly moderated the association between eBAC and pleasurable effects of alcohol, such that at higher levels of eBAC, those taking AI medications experienced blunted subjective pleasure compared with those not taking AI medications. AI medications did not moderate the associations between eBAC and subjective relief, feeling worse, positive affect, or negative affect. Attenuated pleasure during drinking could lead to increased drinking in an attempt to achieve a desirable state among individuals who co-use psychiatric medications and alcohol, and therefore may represent a useful target for prevention and intervention. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
How Consumers’ Attitudes toward Direct-to-Consumer Advertising of Prescription Drugs Influence and Effectiveness, and Consumer and Physician Behavior

Data from 1081 adults surveyed by the FDA were analyzed to explore consumers’ attitudes toward direct-toconsumer advertising (DTCA) of prescription drugs, and the relation between these attitudes and health related consumption behaviors. We report the favorableness of consumers’ reactions to DTCA, and more importantly, demonstrate that consumers’ attitudes toward DTCA are related to whether they search for more information about a drug that is advertised, and ask their physician about the drug. Finally, we document how consumers’ attitudes towards DTCA relate to the prescription writing behavior of their physicians. Mediation analyses that more fully explicate these findings are discussed.
Advanced elbow arthroscopy: Tips and tricks.

Abstract Elbow arthroscopy can be a challenge, however, indications and benefits compared to open elbow surgery are rapidly evolving. The elbow has seemed to lag behind other joints including the knee, shoulder, ankle and the hip, both in number of cases and in widespread acceptance, as a joint amenable to arthroscopic management. This has occurred despite literature demonstrating successful utilization of arthroscopy in the management of a variety of injuries. The purpose of this review is to clarify and expand the indications for arthroscopy of the elbow in 2021. We will also offer tips and tricks to help make elbow arthroscopy more successful. Since originally publishing these guidelines in 2007, elbow arthroscopy has evolved, although the principles and progressions remain the same.
Object Detection in Degraded Visual Environments using Compressive Sensing

Compressive Sensing (CS) has proven its ability to reduce the number of measurements required to reproduce images with similar quality to those reconstructed by observing the Shannon-Nyquist sampling criteria. By exploiting spatial redundancies, it was shown that CS can be used in target recovery and object detection. In this paper we propose a method that incorporates an effcient use of CS to locate a specific object in zero-visibility environments. We show that with the use of an over-complete dictionary of the target our technique can perceive the location of the target from hidden information in the scene. This paper will compare previously implemented algorithms with our, list the shortcomings evident in their outputs, explain our setups, detail the differences in dictionary structures, and present quantified results to support its efficacy in the results section.
Legal Research Guide for the Customs Enforcement of ITC Exclusion Orders

In recent years, the ITC has become more important in the enforcement of intellectual property (“IP”) rights, including the enforcement of ITC exclusion orders by the Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”). This Legal Research Guide (“Guide”) provides comprehensive coverage of the primary and secondary sources available in the field of CBP enforcement of ITC exclusion orders, and focuses on primary sources because of the subject’s relative newness and administrative law nature. Primary sources include: (1) the U.S. Constitution; (2) U.S. statutory provisions under Title 19 and 35, and legislative histories for those provisions; (3) international treaties; (4) case law from the U.S. Supreme Court, the Federal Circuit, and the Court of International Trade; (5) administrative rules and regulations under Title 19 of the Code of Federal Regulations (“C.F.R.”); and, (6) administrative proceedings of the ITC and CBP. Secondary sources include: (1) treatises and looseleaf services; (2) periodical articles; (3) practice aids; (4) government websites; and, (5) current awareness materials such as newsletters, blogs, and other e-resources. This Guide should serve as a valuable resource on ITC enforcement for both practitioners and scholars.
Myths and facts about getting an academic faculty position in neuroscience

We at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke routinely receive questions and statements from trainees and faculty that suggest widespread beliefs about the necessity of a National Institutes of Health K99/R00 award, other prior funding, and/or specific types of publications for obtaining one’s first tenure-track position in neuroscience. To address these beliefs, we examined the funding and publication history of a cohort of investigators who began their first academic faculty position between 2009 and 2019, and we interviewed several senior academic leaders with extensive experience in hiring new faculty. Our data show that
A Study of Styles of Learning for Direct Social Work Practice

This article is based on a presentation that Papell made at the Annual Program Meeting of the Council on Social Work Education in March 1980, in collaboration with Judith A. B. Lee, who at the time was on the faculty of the University of Connecticut School of Social Work (and is currently pastoral director at Good Shepherd Ministries in Fort Myers, Florida). It presents Papell’s doctoral research, along with implications for social work education. [Guest editor’s note: Although this article refers to two authors, Papell’s collaborator, Judith A. B. Lee, has confirmed in conversation with the Guest Editor that Papell is sole author.]