cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An experimental study of flame and autoignition interactions of iso-octane and air mixtures

Abstract Recent modifications to the University of Michigan rapid compression facility (UM RCF) were made to allow direct imaging of flame/autoignition interactions using compression to initiate autoignition chemistry and a spark plug to initiate simultaneous flame development. The experimental data in this study quantify the effects of spark-initiated flame propagation on autoignition of iso-octane/O2/inert gas mixtures at well-defined initial conditions. The work leveraged the controlled environment of the UM RCF, in which temperature, pressure, and composition are nominally uniform and well-known at the end of compression. Flame initiation by the spark plasma, flame propagation, and autoignition were monitored using high-speed optical imaging of chemiluminescence and in situ pressure time histories. End-of-compression temperatures from TEOC = 942–1012 K were considered, while the end-of-compression pressures were nominally constant within the range of PEOC = 7.8–9.5 atm. The fuel-to-O2 molar equivalence ratio was varied from ϕ = 0.20–0.99 and dilution, defined as the molar ratio of inert gases to O2 in the reactant mixture, was varied from inert:O2 = 3.76–7.47 to determine the effects on flame/autoignition interactions as well as to identify the lean flammability limit of the mixtures as a function of dilution. Flame propagation is generally expected to decrease autoignition delay times by compression heating the unburned portion of the mixture. The effect of flame propagation was maximized in these experiments by igniting the mixtures early during the autoignition process. Later spark timings had small to negligible effect on the autoignition delay time. Dilution had significant effect on the lean flammability limits, increasing from a lean limit of ϕ = 0.35 at air levels of dilution to ϕ = 0.65 at inert:O2 dilution of 7.5. The flammability limit was well correlated with the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature of each experiment. The propagation rates of flames successfully initiated by the spark plasma were determined from the imaging data and were ∼1 to 12 m/s. The magnitude of the propagation rates and the effect on the time integrated temperature scaled with the energy content of the mixtures as indicated by the theoretical adiabatic flame temperature.
Foraminifera, diatom and bivalve distribution in recent sediments of the Hudson Estuary☆

Abstract Foraminifera, diatoms, and bivalves, collected in channel and traverse samples along the lower 184 km of the Hudson Estuary in 1974–1975, show distinctive distributions along the length of the estuary. Typical assemblages of these potential fossils are designated which correspond approximately to a decrease in salinity northward in the estuary. In general, only freshwater forms are found north of Peekskill, low brackish-water forms penetrate as far south as mid-Manhattan, high brackish-water forms can be found as much as 16 km north of this, while normal marine faunas do not penetrate significantly northward of New York Harbor. This paper, in addition to providing baseline data on the present day distribution of these taxa, also defines potential fossil assemblages. These assemblages should prove useful in interpreting past salinity gradients in the Estuary when adequate cores become available.
Monopoly under General Equilibrium: Comment

Introduction, 652. â€” I. Assumptions, 652. â€” II. The cost-minimizing locus, 653. â€” II. Relationships of the cost-minimizing and efficiency loci, 655. â€” IV. The interdependence of cost and demand, 656. â€” V. Conclusion, 658.
Diagram Technique for the Determination of Localized Electron States in Crystals

For an arbitrary crystal a tight-binding Green's function is defined whose singularities yield the one-electron energies. The Green's function itself is represented as a series whose terms are obtained by a diagram technique. The elements of the individual diagrams correspond to a hopping of electrons between different lattice sites. The particular nature of the Green's function and its expansion allow a number of general conclusions to be drawn on the existence of localized levels.
Introduction to Wireless Networks Minitrack

Security is challenging for wireless networks, in part because signals radiate outwards and can be intercepted easily and unobtrusively. Because of this, security cannot be provided simply by protecting the hardware, and must be supported by the communication protocol and implementation.
A Prospective Evaluation of the Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) as a Screening Tool for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Risk

Background: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are immediately disabling, costly, take a significant amount of time to rehabilitate, and are associated with an increased risk of developing posttraumatic osteoarthritis of the knee. Specific multiplanar movement patterns of the lower extremity, such as those associated with the drop vertical jump (DVJ) test, have been shown to be associated with an increased risk of suffering noncontact ACL injuries. The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) has been developed as a tool that can be applied to identify individuals who display at-risk movement patterns during the DVJ.Hypothesis: An increase in LESS score is associated with an increased risk of noncontact ACL injury.Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.Methods: Over a 3-year interval, 5047 high school and college participants performed preseason DVJ tests that were recorded using commercial video cameras. All participants were followed for ACL injury during their sports season, and video...
Reducing tire-induced noise and vibration

Abstract Tire-induced noise and vibration spans a wide range of frequencies, depending on, among other attributes, tread design, road surface, and vehicle speed. Vehicle designers are faced with th...
An Evolutionary Framework to Understand Foraging, Wanting, and Desire: The Neuropsychology of the SEEKING System

The SEEKING system of mammalian brains needs to be understood from multiple scientific and clinical perspectives. SEEKING theory provides new neuropsychoanalytic perspectives for understanding the human mind and its behavioral and emotional disorders and considers dimensions of experience that have traditionally been subsumed under concepts such as “drives” and “motivations.” Historically these concepts became problematic because experimentalists and clinicians didn’t quite know what they were speaking about, at least within the evolved dynamics of the mammalian BrainMind. Here, we briefly summarize the history of the field and build a framework to help us understand a variety of human experiences, with the hope of understanding and treating common human psychological problems—from a vast number of addictive urges to depressive despair. Our goal is to promote an understanding of a key form of human experience that resides in the nomothetic primary-process domain, which provides a fundamental substrate for...
Bird Community Responses to Disturbance in a Forestry Concession in lowland Bolivia

Bird community characteristics of three sites with different levels of disturbance were studied using transect surveys during the dry season in a subtropical humid forest in Bolivia. One area had been unintentionally burned 4 years prior and selectively harvested (DIS) 1 year prior to sampling. A second area had been selectively harvested 1 year prior to sampling and had no recent history of fire (HAR). Species richness, as assessed by species–time curves and rarefaction, was higher in both altered areas than in undisturbed forest (INT). In general, frugivores and omnivores were more abundant in both altered areas compared to intact forest. Canopy frugivores, understory omnivores and multiple-strata omnivores were most abundant in HAR. Canopy frugivores, near-ground insectivores, understory and multiple-strata omnivores were least abundant in INT, although INT had the highest abundances of canopy insectivores and near-ground omnivores. Richness and abundance of widespread species with low habitat specificity was higher in both areas that experienced disturbance compared to intact forest. Differences in bird community structure between disturbed and intact forest at this site are attributed primarily to the addition of widespread species with less narrow habitat requirements, and possibly to changes in the distribution of different food types.
Impact of differential vias on high-speed connection design

Vias can introduce impedance discontinuity, slow down signal edge rate, add jitter and reduce eye openings, and cause data misinterpretation by the receiver in high-speed channel. This paper presents the design and optimization of differential vias for high-speed serial ATA connection at the data rate of 6 Gb/s. First, differential vias on a specific stackup were modeled in the 3D full-wave solver HFSS. Second, via mechanical design parameters, including via stub length, antipad radius, capture pad radius, barrel radius, and spacing, were swept to study their impacts on impedance discontinuity using TDR impedance determined by simulation. Third, importance of differential via optimization was highlighted by case studies of two PCB transmission line connections with nominal and optimized differential vias respectively.
Pseudo Fan Beam Reconstruction Algorithms and Their Related Physical Problems

The pseudo fan beam reconstruction algorithm and related physical problems are considered. Image distortion related to the rearrangement to a parallel beam from a fan beam scan is discussed together with physical problems such as Compton scattering in tissue which affects the final image quality.
Parallelism in database production systems

A study is made of the issues in parallelizing database production systems. Various kinds of parallelism possible in production systems are classified. Parallel execution of production systems leads to some subtle problems which, if not handled carefully, can cause altered execution semantics. The precise conditions that any parallel implementation of production systems must fulfil in order to be semantically consistent are identified. A mechanism that guarantees the semantic consistency of parallel execution and proves its correctness is presented. It is based on a novel locking mechanism that provides more parallelism than conventional two-phase locking. The various factors that can affect the actual speedup of a database production system are discussed. >
Effect of gamma irradiation treatment at phytosanitary dose levels on the quality of ‘Lane Late’ navel oranges

Abstract The objectives of this study were to determine the dose tolerance of ‘Lane Late’ navel oranges ( Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck) to irradiation for phytosanitary purposes, identify the sensory attributes that may be affected by the treatment, and determine which changes, if any, influence consumer liking. ‘Lane Late’ navel oranges on Carrizo citrange ( C. sinensis Poncirus trifoliate ) rootstock were irradiated at target dose levels of 200, 400 and 600 Gy (actual absorbed doses were in the range of 100–300, 300–500, and 500–700 Gy, respectively) then stored for 1 d at 5 °C, 3 weeks at 5 °C (to simulate sea shipment to Asia) or 4 weeks (3 weeks at 5 °C and 1 week at 20 °C to simulate distribution to retail following sea shipment). Trained sensory panelists found increased pitting and visual damage in oranges treated at doses of 400 and 600 Gy. Consumer liking scores for appearance were significantly lower for oranges treated at 400 Gy, however, their overall liking scores for those same oranges were not significantly different than control. Color, total phenolic content, vitamin C and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) values were not affected by irradiation. Dose effects were seen in terms of visual damage, increased weight loss and increased concentration of certain volatiles and as well as decreased SSC (soluble solids concentration) at doses 400 and 600 Gy. The primary effect of irradiation on fruit quality was external damage and pitting at doses of 400 and 600 Gy. Further research should consider pack configuration and/or combination treatments to possibly mitigate negative irradiation effects on appearance of the fruit.
Wound infection after colostomy closure for imperforate anus in children: utility of preoperative oral antibiotics.

Abstract Background/Purpose There is little published data on the efficacy of surgical infection prophylaxis in children. The purpose of this study was to assess wound infection rate in children undergoing colostomy closure for imperforate anus and evaluate the impact of bowel preparation and antibiotics. Methods Children younger than 18 years with imperforate anus who had a colostomy closure between January 1996 and December 2007 were identified. Data collected included demographics, bowel preparation, antibiotics, operative details, and postoperative infections. Comparison of mechanical bowel preparation and intravenous antibiotics with and without oral antibiotics was compared using χ 2 tests. Significance was defined as P Results A total of 118 patients were identified. Primary skin closure was done in 97%. Mechanical bowel preparation was used in 93%, intravenous antibiotics in 97%, and oral preoperative antibiotics in 52%. Wound infections occurred in 14% (n = 17). The addition of oral antibiotics to the standard regimen of mechanical bowel preparation with intravenous antibiotics did not alter infection rate (13% versus 17%, P = .64). Conclusion Wound infection in children undergoing elective colostomy closure for imperforate anus was 14%. Infection rate was not affected by use of oral antibiotics. Future studies may allow specific guideline development for infection prophylaxis in pediatric patients.
A Forward Chemical Screen in Zebrafish Identifies a Retinoic Acid Derivative with Receptor Specificity

Background Retinoids regulate key developmental pathways throughout life, and have potential uses for differentiation therapy. It should be possible to identify novel retinoids by coupling new chemical reactions with screens using the zebrafish embryonic model. Principal Findings We synthesized novel retinoid analogues and derivatives by amide coupling, obtaining 80–92% yields. A small library of these compounds was screened for bioactivity in living zebrafish embryos. We found that several structurally related compounds significantly affect development. Distinct phenotypes are generated depending on time of exposure, and we characterize one compound (BT10) that produces specific cardiovascular defects when added 1 day post fertilization. When compared to retinoic acid (ATRA), BT10 shows similar but not identical changes in the expression pattern of embryonic genes that are known targets of the retinoid pathway. Reporter assays determined that BT10 interacts with all three RAR receptor sub-types, but has no activity for RXR receptors, at all concentrations tested. Conclusions Our screen has identified a novel retinoid with specificity for retinoid receptors. This lead compound may be useful for manipulating components of retinoid signaling networks, and may be further derivatized for enhanced activity.
Multi-Objective Optimization of Transonic Compressor Blade Using Evolutionary Algorithm

In this work we perform multi-objective optimization of the NASA rotor67 transonic compressor blade. Our objectives are to maximize the stage pressure ratio as well as to minimize the compressor weight. The backbones of the optimization approach consist of a genetic algorithm, a gradient-based method, and a response surface model. The genetic algorithm is used to facilitate the multi-objective optimization and to flnd the global optima of high-dimensional problems. The gradient-based method accelerates the optimization convergence rate. The response surface model, constructed to replace the computationally expensive analysis tool, reduces the computational cost. Representative solutions are selected from the Pareto-optimal front to verify against the CFD tool. Comparing with the baseline design some optimal solutions increase the stage pressure ratio by 1.8% and decrease the weight by 5.4%. A detailed study of ∞ow structure near peak e‐ciency is presented by means of pressure distribution and streamlines inside boundary layers. Our results show that the optimized blade favors a lighter weight by a thinner blade shape. The stage pressure rise is attributed to a reduced separation zone and a weaken shock wave.
Molecular statics of polymer configurations

Molecular behaviors of single isolated chains of various lengths are simulated using four energy potentials: the twisting, bending, stretching, and Van der Waals potentials. The origin and analytical form of these potentials is discussed and easy-to-evaluate quantitative expressions are given. A physically based algorithm for energy minimization is developed and used to determine the static configurations of single chains in their lowest energy states. Not surprisingly, the majority of the energy minima found are local minima implying metastability, which is, of course, a central phenomena in noncrystalline material behavior. A progressive distortion approach is then used to suppress conformational variations that depend on initial conditions from developing, thus making possible study of the force displacement characteristics of single chains of various lengths. The single chain force-displacement curve found in this way has a form comparable with the gentle yield point observed in many bulk polymers but with an initial apparent elastic stiffness higher than that of bulk material. Some aspects of the fracture phenomena of single chains are also discussed.
Multiple sclerosis in Korea: Clinical features and prevalence

Abstract In the only neurologic department of Korea, there were 59 patients seen among some 10,000 admissions between 1958 and 1966 in whom the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) was entertained. Of these, 22 were classed as such, 22 as possible cases (mostly localized myelopathies), and 15 as unlikely multiple sclerosis cases. The 22 cases of multiple sclerosis (15 male, 7 female) had an average age of onset of 25.8 years and were diagnosed an average of 4.4 years later. Principal complaints at onset were impaired vision, weakness of the limbs, and paresthesiae; sphincter disturbances and incoordination were also relatively frequent. When admitted to hospital, most patients showed evidence of pyramidal tract involvement, and about half had either visual, cerebellar, or sensory disturbances. The frequency of multiple sclerosis among neurologic admissions to hospital is about 0.2% in Korea, Japan, China, India, Iraq, and Indonesia. In contrast, rates from New York and London of 40 years ago were of the order of 3–11%. An estimate of the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in cases per 100,000 general population can be obtained from the ratio of cases of MS/ALS seen in a given place over a given time, since the world-wide prevalence of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is close to 4 100,000 (excepting the isolates of Guam). In this fashion we estimate the prevalence of multiple sclerosis in Korea to be about 2 100,000 population ( 22 37 × 4 100,000 ). Similar estimates for India and Japan were also near 2 100,000 , and the latter was validated with the similar rate found in a direct prevalence study. Also with this method, a rate of about 40 100,000 was estimated for a Pennsylvania hospital, in accord with expectation.
Of Charlatans, Sorcerers, Alchemists, Demagogues, Profit-Mongers, Tyrants and Kings: Educational Reform and the Death by a Thousand Cuts

No longer can teachers in the US simply close their classroom doors and isolate themselves, their classrooms, their students; that is, if they ever could. More than ever before, larger political, sociocultural and ideological forces find their way into the classroom on the backs of so-called educational reforms. But not every educational reform results in school improvement, and precious few educational reforms benefit teachers and their work life. Educational reforms have wrought tremendous change on the classroom and on the teacher. Public schools and the teachers who inhabit them are bleeding out in a death by a thousand cuts. Support for public education is dwindling. Accountability, high-stakes tests, prescriptive ‘teacher-proof’ curriculum, and more, serve to stifle creativity, quash innovation and otherwise eat away at teachers’ professional discretion, independence and autonomy.
Putting the 'C' back into continuous renal replacement therapy

It may seem obvious that continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) means that the treatment is truly continuous--administered without interruption on a 24/7 basis. In reality, a number of barriers limit the continuous aspect of CRRT. This article describes how nursing staff of an inpatient dialysis unit in a large Midwestern academic institution identified these barriers and developed and implemented a multifaceted plan to optimize CRRT.
Monte Carlo Simulations of Copolymer Adsorption from Copolymer / Homopolymer Melts at Planar Chemically Patterned Surfaces

We investigate the adsorption of copolymers from copolymer / homopolymer mixtures at planar chemically patterned surfaces. The Monte Carlo bond fluctuation model is used in conjunction with configurational biased Monte Carlo moves to study the effect of: i) the copolymer microstructure, ii) the size and spatial distribution of chemical heterogeneities on the substrate, and iii) the polymer/substrate interactions on the ability of the copolymer to recognize the substrate chemical pattern. Our results confirm that the surface pattern recognition occurs whenever the characteristic size of the copolymer distribution sequence matches that of the surface heterogeneity domain. Moreover, the copolymer sequence distribution plays a crucial role in determining the extent of the surface pattern transfer into the bulk material. Our results reveal that more pronounced surface pattern transfer into the bulk occurs for small attractions of the adsorbing species to particular surface domains relative to the large attractions.
Interaction of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine monolayers with a particle-laden subphase.

Recent interest in using submicrometer particles for industrial and therapeutic purposes has led to concerns about their interactions with biological membranes. The mechanisms of particle–membrane interactions are not well understood resulting in contradictory reports on the effects of particles on membrane interfacial properties. In this study, the interactions between negatively charged polystyrene particles (200 nm) and monolayers of dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) were investigated. Surface pressure, surface potential, and surfactant microstructure studies were conducted to monitor the interfacial properties of DPPC monolayers spread on a subphase in which particles were dispersed. At a concentration of 0.1 g/L, particles caused a partial collapse of the monolayer. DPPC monolayers spread on a particle-laden subphase also exhibited higher surface potential and increased ratio of ordered domains supporting the presence of a more compact monolayer. These results suggest that particles penetrated t...
Abstract 4344: Virus-templated magnetic nanowires for tumor-targeted imaging

In an effort towards early tumor detection, various diagnostic probes, such as tumor marker-specific fluorescent and magnetic nanoparticles, have been developed. Nanoparticles detected using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is an attractive approach due to its non-invasiveness. Current work has focused on single functionalized spherical nanoparticle systems, one example being cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticles (CLIO). However, these ‘shaped’ particles can be cleared by the reticuloendothelial system upon intravenous injection due to opsonization. Recent work suggests that longer filamentous shaped structures can persist almost 10 times longer in circulation in vivo compared to spherical particles. For clinical diagnostics, it would be desirable to engineer filamentous shaped imaging agents that allow for longer circulation and better homing towards the tumor before immune clearance. M13 filamentous bacteriophage can potentially allow for longer circulation of the imaging agents. Recent work indicates that the virus can circulate in vivo for at least 24 hours compared to the 5-6 hour circulation of various spherical particles (unpublished data). Using the M13 virus as a scaffold, we can uniquely combine multiple nanoparticles with engineered cell-targeting peptide ligands for tumor-targeted imaging. Exploiting the multiple coat proteins on M13 amenable for peptide display, we have genetically engineered peptides that bind iron oxide nanoparticles (γ-Fe2O3 NPs) and that target secreted protein, acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), a protein overexpressed in metastatic prostate and breast cancers. We have been able to assemble monocrystalline, monodisperse γ-Fe2O3 NPs along the virus coat and demonstrate enhanced MR contrast properties, compared to commercially available CLIO. We have investigated specific targeting against prostate cancer in vitro and in vivo. There is a decrease in transverse relaxation times (‘dark contrast’) using targeted nanowires compared to negative control and is specific towards SPARC positive C4-2B cell line compared to DU145 control. SPARC-targeted nanowires were injected intravenously in LNCaP and C4-2B and control DU145 xenograft tumors. MR images indicate dark image contrast in SPARC expressing tumors, compared to control. Histology suggests iron accumulation in the stroma and capsule of SPARC-positive tumors compared to control, suggesting tumor targeting in vivo. These virus-templated probes may have potential as long circulating, targeted non-invasive imaging agents for the early detection of tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4344.
Secondary Traumatic Stress for Trauma Researchers: A Mixed Methods Research Design

Forty-nine infants and toddlers were killed and 93 others were injured in the ABC Day Care Center fire disaster in Hermosillo, Mexico. This study describes the experiences of ten mental health professionals who researched the community-scale grief and provided clinical services to the parents and caregivers of the affected children. A concurrent triangulation mixed-methods approach was used to quantitatively measure and qualitatively understand the secondary traumatic stress (STS) of the responding professionals. Results indicated that experiences of STS decreased with time and debriefing, however, the responding professionals who were more directly connected to the trauma and those who worked with parents who lost their children displayed an enduring impact of STS. Coping strategies and gender expectations are considered in a discussion of debriefing in the specific cultural context of Northwestern Mexico.
Exergy Based Analysis for the Environmental Control and Life Support Systems of the International Space Station

When optimizing the performance of complex systems, a logical area for concern is improving the efficiency of useful energy. The energy available for a system to perform work is defined as a system's energy content. Interactions between a system's subsystems and the surrounding environment can be accounted for by understanding various subsystem energy efficiencies. Energy balance of reactants and products, and enthalpies and entropies, can be used to represent a chemical process. Heat transfer energy represents heat loads, and flow energy represents system flows and filters. These elements allow for a system level energy balance. The energy balance equations are developed for the subsystems of the Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) system aboard the International Space Station (ISS). The use of these equations with system information would allow for the calculation of the energy efficiency of the system, enabling comparisons of the ISS ECLS system to other systems as well as allows for an integrated systems analysis for system optimization.
Prediction of the Phase Behaviour of Hydrogen-Bonded Polymer Blends

In the early 1990s your authors believed that they had essentially solved the problem of predicting the phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded polymer blends. A text devoted to this subject, Specific Interactions and the Miscibility of Polymer Blends, was published and we thought that it was now time to look around for something else to do. This was before a colleague, Boris Veytsman, pointed out that there was a flaw in our derivation of the free energy of mixing equation. It has taken us some 15 years to correct the theory and match the predictions of the phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded blends that we presented in our 1991 book. So we have come full circle. The subject has become far more complicated, but at the same time far more interesting. Along the way we have discovered that the phase behaviour of hydrogen-bonded polymer blends can be successfully predicted using equilibrium constants determined from appropriate low molecular weight analogues, if chain connectivity effects such as intermolecular screening and functional group accessibility are included.
Preventing Academic Disengagement Through a Middle School–Based Social and Emotional Learning Program:

Behaviors that warrant school discipline (e.g., fighting, victimizing peers) is detrimental to school climate and the learning process. This study examines the effectiveness of preventing school di...
Do the Military’s Frontline Psychiatry/Combat Operational Stress Control Programs Benefit Veterans? Part Two: Systematic Review of the Evidence

The second of a three-part review provides the first-ever systematic investigation into the military’s claim that its century-old policy of preventing evacuation of psychiatric casualties from war zones is beneficial to the health and well-being of individual service members and their families. We conducted an extensive literature search for studies on the military’s frontline psychiatry doctrine, particularly research comparing the differential effects of deployed personnel returned-to-duty (RTD) via frontline psychiatry or combat and operational stress control (COSC) and behavioral health interventions, as opposed to those evacuated out of war zones as psychiatric casualties. In addition, we examined partial and indirect evidence in support of the military’s argument that RTD and preventing psychiatric evacuations enhances posttraumatic growth and reduces adverse impact from mental health stigma, shame, and guilt, as well as lowering the risk of developing PTSD or other war stress injury causing premature military discharge. Results indicate support that frontline psychiatry benefits the war-fighting mission and goal of military medicine to prevent psychiatric attrition, with RTD rates of 60 to 100% and severely limiting psychiatric evacuations. However, there is paucity of research on differential outcomes, with only three, small uncontrolled retrospective Israeli studies from the 1982 Lebanon War reporting modest long-term benefit, from frontline versus undefined rear hospital treatment, such as lower PTSD rates. Overall, the review showed insufficient and often contradictory evidence of individual health benefits from frontline psychiatry, which calls for further research on military’s chief mental health policy.
Microwave transversal and recursive-filter based negative group delay circuits and non-Foster elements

This paper presents some latest developments in microwave transversal and recursive-filter based negative group delay circuits as well as their potential applications in realizing non-Foster elements. By using transversal and recursive-filter approaches, the desired amount of negative group delay can be synthesized with an increased bandwidth. The fully distributed topology of the proposed negative group delay circuits makes it feasible to be further scaled up to higher frequency ranges such as millimeter waves. In addition, it is shown that the proposed transversal-filter based negative group delay circuit is able to create non-Foster elements exhibiting unconditional stability, enabling a new perspective of realizing non-Foster elements.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) selection for advanced stage ovarian cancer (AOC) at a comprehensive cancer center.

e16579 Background: This is a retrospective chart review evaluating the use of NACT and primary debulking surgery (PDS) before and after a landmark trial was published demonstrating non-inferiority ...
Single cell RNA sequencing to dissect the molecular heterogeneity in lupus nephritis

Lupus nephritis is a leading cause of mortality among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, and its heterogeneous nature poses a significant challenge to the development of effective diagnostics and treatments. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) offers a potential solution to dissect the heterogeneity of the disease and enables the study of similar cell types distant from the site of renal injury to identify novel biomarkers. We applied scRNA-seq to human renal and skin biopsy tissues and demonstrated that scRNA-seq can be performed on samples obtained during routine care. Chronicity index, IgG deposition, and quantity of proteinuria correlated with a transcriptomic-based score composed of IFN-inducible genes in renal tubular cells. Furthermore, analysis of cumulative expression profiles of single cell keratinocytes dissociated from nonlesional, non-sun-exposed skin of patients with lupus nephritis also revealed upregulation of IFN-inducible genes compared with keratinocytes isolated from healthy controls. This indicates the possible use of scRNA-seq analysis of skin biopsies as a biomarker of renal disease. These data support the potential utility of scRNA-seq to provide new insights into the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis and pave the way for exploiting a readily accessible tissue to reflect injury in the kidney.
Learning Through Music: A Five-Year Evaluation of the Cleveland Orchestra’s Learning Through Music Program

This chapter describes a five-year evaluation of the Cleveland Orchestra’s Learning Through Music (LTM) program by a team from the Center for Arts Education Research at Teachers College, Columbia University. The LTM partnership focused on the collaborative development of music-integrated curriculum resources that supported the existing classroom curriculum. Outcomes were assessed through classroom observations, test scores, focus groups, interviews, and surveys. Data were collected from students, teachers, principals, parents, orchestra musicians, and administrators. The results showed that students’ interest in music increased and they developed skills and understandings in disciplines other than music. Teachers’ interest in music increased and their pedagogical skills were enhanced. LTM also had a positive effect on school communities and orchestra musicians felt more closely linked to the community and to children in the community.
Analysis of Social Process in Two Inbred Strains of Male Mice: A Predominance of Contact-Based Investigation in BALB/c Mice

Abstract Developing mouse models for social communication deficits requires a better understanding of the nature of social investigatory processes between mice. Mice use different investigatory strategies based on a possibility of contacts with social sources. A detailed investigation of contact distance revealed strain differences in behavioral strategy between two male inbred C57BL/6 (B6) and BALB/c (BALB) mouse strains. When direct physical contact with stimulus mice was restricted, BALB mice displayed lower social approaches than B6 mice, accompanied by heightened innate anxiety in an unfamiliar environment. However, both BALB and B6 mice expressed distinct object and social recognition in the habituation/dishabituation paradigm. When allowed direct contact with stimulus mice, both B6 and BALB mice showed approach and discrimination of strain differences in the stimulus mice. Furthermore, BALB mice discriminated individuals of the same strain among cagemates and showed a discrete aversion to the anogenital but not facial region of the stranger mice. This anogenital aversion disappeared when the stranger mice received a buspirone injection that reduced anxiety or when familiar cagemates were exposed. These strain differences in investigatory strategies illustrate that B6 mice are able to respond to and process social cues in a vicinity, which does not require physical contact with the source, while BALB mice predominantly process social cues by direct contact with the source. Although BALB mice exhibit marked anxiety and defensive responses to unfamiliarity, there is no evidence of any defect in sociability in BALB mice as a possible autism model.
Hydrogen-Bonding-Directed Ordered Assembly of Carboxylated Poly(3-Alkylthiophene)s

Hydrogen-bonding-induced ordered assembly of poly(3-alkylthiophene)s derivatives bearing carboxylic acid groups has been investigated from diluted and concentrated solutions to solid films using ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, polarized optical microscopy, and four-point probe conductivity measurements. In dilute solutions, the polymer undergoes a spontaneous structural transition from disordered coil-like to ordered rodlike conformations, which is evidenced by time-dependent chromism. Many factors such as alkyl-chain length, types of solvents, and temperature are studied to understand the assembly behavior. Transition kinetics of the assembly process reveals a universal second-order rate law, indicating an intermolecular origin due to hydrogen bonding. When more concentrated, hydrogen bonding drives nematic liquid-crystalline gelation above a critical concentration and the gels are thermally reversible. Under an appropriate balance of mechanical and thermal stresses, uniform liquid-crystalli...
The development and validation of the Taiwanese Ethnic Identity Scale (TEIS): a "derived etic" approach.

The purpose of this study was to design a multidimensional measure of ethnic identity (EI) that would be appropriate for research on acculturating and modernizing cultural groups. Four qualitative approaches were utilized: in-depth interviews, free-listing exercize, card-sorting technique, and cognitive interviews. Qualitative interviews conducted with Taiwanese American subjects identified ten major domains related to EI. Fifty items were generated from the four qualitative approaches and the psychometric properties of the Taiwanese Ethnic Identity Scale (TEIS) were tested with two samples: 305 Taiwanese American (TA) and 354 Taiwanese (T) women. Factor analysis yielded a 26–item TEIS with six factors. The six factors and the percentage of variance accounted for by each factor were: rituals and traditions (22.8%), language (10.3%), family dynamics/good child (7.1%), parental opinion (6.0%), individualism (4.5%), and collectivism (4.5%). Components of content, construct, and known groups validity were assessed, as well as reliability.
Abstract 1942: Synthetic lethal interaction between SETD2 loss and inhibition of PI3Kβ in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a high-risk and high-mortality cancer for which several new targeted therapies exist. However, responses of primary clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tumors and metastases to these targeted agents are variable, and complete responses are relatively uncommon underscoring the need to identify reliable biomarkers to predict tumor behavior. Bi-allelic inactivation of the tumor suppressor gene SETD2, encoding a lysine methyltransferase, occur in approximately 20% of ccRCC tumors while the SETD2 protein deficiency rate has been reported to be as high as 34%. The phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) have emerged as important therapeutic targets for the treatment of solid and hematological malignancies, including ccRCC. Here, we show that genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of the PI3Kβ isoform results in inhibition of SETD2 deficient (-/-) ccRCC-derived 786-O and A498 cells, which exhibit increased sensitivity to PI3Kβ-specific inhibitors TGX221 (IC50 = 2.3 - 4.5 µM, respectively) and AZD8186 (IC50 = 1.79 - 0.24 µM, respectively) as compared to SETD2 proficient (+/+) 786-O cells (IC50 = >10 µM). Inhibition of the p110δ isoform alone had a modest effect on ccRCC cell growth and migration. Importantly, genetic (with siRNA) and pharmacologic (with BYL719) inhibition of p110α had no effect on the ccRCC cell lines. Inhibition of AKT with the small molecule inhibitor MK2206 recapitulated the effects seen with AZD8186 in ccRCC cell lines with SETD2 loss, suggesting PI3Kβ mediates the synthetic lethality via AKT signaling in the context of SETD2 loss in ccRCC. Our work strongly suggests a synthetic lethal-type of interaction between PI3Kβ inhibition and SETD2 loss and offers a rationale for further translational and clinical investigation of small molecule inhibitors of PI3Kβ in RCC. Xenograft studies are ongoing to investigate the in vivo efficacy of AZD8186. Citation Format: Esteban Terzo, Yun C. Chiang, Anna Chytil, Valerie M. Jansen, Kimryn Rathmell. Synthetic lethal interaction between SETD2 loss and inhibition of PI3Kβ in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1942.
Prostate Cancer Hypofractionation

Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men in the USA, and in 2016 it is estimated that over 180,000 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment options for prostate cancer are based on risk stratification with Gleason score, clinical stage, and PSA. Of interest to the radiation oncologist, prostate cancer is hypothesized to have an alpha/beta ratio of <2 offering a potential therapeutic benefit for hypofractionation. In addition to biological reasons, the frequency of prostate cancer and the high health-care cost of treatment have led to significant interest in shortening radiation treatment time. Recently several large randomized trials of hypofractionation have been published providing high quality level I evidence for the safety and efficacy of modest hypofractionation. There has been a more recent interest in SBRT for prostate cancer with many single and multiinstitutional studies reporting safety and efficacy.
The Running Stitch

This essay uses a quilt made from used Ku Klux Klan regalia to examine the complicated interpersonal relationships and internal ambivalence that have emerged in the process of the author's study of Klan material culture. Concerns about the relationship between preserving objects and preserving ideology emerge through the process of untangling the story of this enigmatic object.
Partner Conflict and Support as Moderators of Alcohol Use on Alcohol Problems and Marital Satisfaction in Young Adult Marital Dyads.

BACKGROUND This cross-sectional study used data from 483 young adult marital dyads to evaluate conflict-with-partner and support-from-partner as moderators of alcohol use on 2 outcomes: alcohol problems and marital satisfaction. A path analytic modeling approach was used to test stress-exacerbating and stress-buffering hypotheses, and to accommodate the interdependent nature of the dyadic data. METHODS This cross-sectional sample was selected from an adolescent-to-young adult longitudinal study in which spouses were recruited into the study during a later young adult assessment when the sample was, on average, 32.5 years old. Individual interviews using computerized technology were conducted with participants. RESULTS Findings for the outcome of alcohol problems indicated stress exacerbation in that higher conflict by each partner in interaction with higher alcohol use was associated with more alcohol problems for wives. Husbands' and wives' alcohol problems were lower when higher partner support buffered the association between alcohol use and alcohol problems. For the outcome of marital satisfaction, higher support-from-partner buffered the association between alcohol use and marital satisfaction. Finally, the combination of alcohol use and conflict-with-partner had more adverse implications for women's alcohol problems relative to men's alcohol problems. CONCLUSIONS These findings highlight that interactions between interpersonal dimensions of romantic relationships and alcohol use by both partners contribute to our understanding of their associations with alcohol problems and marital satisfaction within the marital relationship. Furthermore, there was some sex specificity in that some interactions were more prominently associated with alcohol problems for wives than husbands.
NEW RESEARCH ON OLDER-AGE BIPOLAR DISORDER (OABD) AND BIPOLAR DISORDER ACROSS THE LIFE-SPAN: AN UPDATE FROM THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF BIPOLAR DISORDERS OABD TASKFORCE: Session 416

Abstract Bipolar disorder (BD) is a prevalent mental disorder that causes disability throughout the life-span. Because of demographic trends, there is a growing population of individuals with older-age bipolar disorder (OABD). This symposium, presented by members of the International Society of Bipolar Disorders OABD taskforce, will highlight new data relevant to OABD and to aging with BD. The session chair, Martha Sajatovic, will first speak about the development of the Aging and Geriatric Experiments in BD (AGE-BD) integrated dataset, and present initial results regarding the interplay of clinical, demographic, and medical variables across adulthood. Second, Lisa Eyler will discuss the Enhancing Neuroimaging Genetics through Meta-Analysis (ENIGMA) BD Working Group, a large, ecologically-valid sample of 3020 participants from 13 sites worldwide and present her analysis of ENIGMA data that showed advanced “brain age” among those with BD compared to those without and examined clinical correlates of advanced brain age. The third speaker, David Harper, will present recently analyzed resting state fMRI data in older bipolar depressed individuals vs healthy controls. The fourth speaker, Ariel Gildengers, will present on the relationship between bipolar disorder and medical burden on cognition and brain health in older adults.
Trends in Yoga, Tai Chi, and Qigong Use Among US Adults, 2002–2017

Objectives. To examine the characteristics and temporal trends of yoga, tai chi, and qigong (YTQ) use among US adults.Methods. Using the 2002, 2007, 2012, and 2017 National Health Interview Surveys...
Non-operative Management of Uncomplicated Appendicitis

For over 100 years, removal of the appendix has been the treatment of acute appendicitis. However, in recent years this surgical dogma has been challenged by the growing literature to suggest that antibiotics without surgery may be an effective treatment option in children. Purported benefits for the non-operative approach include reduced time away from normal daily activities, parental time off work, and a reduction in hospital costs. Based on the current body of literature utilizing the non-operative management for children diagnosed with acute uncomplicated appendicitis, the use of antibiotics is considered a reasonable treatment alternative to surgery.
Global Solutions for International Development Partnerships: Beyond Insider/Outsider Binaries

In recent years, information and communication technologies for development (ICT4D) approaches have facilitated international development work, but still more effective ICT4D deployments are needed. This article examines how one ICT4D initiative, Scientific Animations without Borders (SAWBO), works with partners in Africa not only to transcend problematic insider / outsider binaries that impact solution delivery but also to implement inter-organizational collaborations on research and mission-critical knowledge-transfer goals that effectively reach the widest diversity of target populations.