cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Victorian Masculinity and the Virgin Mary

The Virgin Mary was one of the most controversial figures in Victorian England, a powerful presence who embodied what many Victorians considered to be the errors of the Roman Catholic Church.1 These included pagan idolatry, superstition and wilful ignorance of the Bible, all of which were summed up in a single word: Mariolatry.
Comparisons of Patient Demographics in Prospective Sports, Shoulder, and National Database Initiatives.

Background:There has been increased emphasis in orthopaedics on high-quality prospective research to provide evidence-based treatment guidelines, particularly in sports medicine/shoulder surgery. T...
Acute Renal Failure Is a Common Presentation of Engraftment Syndrome In Light Chain Amyloidosis (AL) Patients After Autologous Stem Cell transplantation.

Abstract Abstract 3468 Engraftment syndrome (ES) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation classically characterized by fever, rash, diarrhea, weight gain and non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Renal failure has been observed but is not considered to be a major part of the syndrome. We have noted that acute renal failure (ARF) is common around the time of leukocyte engraftment in light chain amyloidosis (AL) patients after autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT). We suspect this is due to ES and this retrospective review was conducted to further study this entity. Data were collected from 377 AL patients who underwent ASCT from 7/1997 to 10/2009. Patients who experienced an elevation of serum creatinine (Scr) > 0.5 mg/dl within 4 days of leukocyte engraftment were selected. Patients who carried a diagnosis of ES were also included regardless of Scr elevation. Nephrotoxic insults were reviewed. Vitals were collected. Forty-one patients met criteria. Four patients were found not to have ES, 2 sepsis, 1 allergic interstitial nephritis (AIN), 1 acute cellular rejection. ES was noted in 37 (9.8%) patients, 2 presented with mainly pulmonary ES and 8 had both pulmonary and renal involvement. The degree of renal failure varied from mild and self-limited to severe and requiring dialysis. The renal failure is usually preceded by fever, rash, increasing edema, relative hypotension and low urine sodium (Figure 1). Treatment with glucocorticoids (60 mg/d) was successful in reversing the renal failure in most patients but those with pulmonary involvement required higher doses. Our study showed that ES presents more commonly with renal failure than pulmonary involvement in AL patients. Further complications may be prevented by early treatment with corticosteroids once infection is ruled out. Dosing depends on concurrent pulmonary findings. Distinguishing ES with AIN is difficult as presentations are similar but AIN will continue until the offending drug is removed while ES generally responds quickly to steroids alone. Download : Download high-res image (175KB) Download : Download full-size image Disclosures: Dispenzieri: Celgene: Honoraria, Research Funding; Binding Site: Honoraria. Kumar: Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Genzyme: Consultancy, Research Funding; Cephalon: Research Funding.
On-The-Fly Curbside Parking Assignment

This paper presents Free Parking System (FPS), a system for assigning free curbside parking spaces to drivers in the cities. FPS has two components: a mobile app running on the drivers' smart phones that submits parking requests and guides drivers to their parking spaces, and a server that manages the parking assignment process. Unlike existing parking systems, FPS is cost-effective as it does not rely on any sensing infrastructure and reduces parking space contention because it provides individual space assignments to drivers. The main novelty of FPS consists of its parking assignment algorithm, FPA, which combines a system-wide social welfare objective with a modified compound laxity algorithm to minimize the total travel time for all drivers. Furthermore, FPS adapts on-the-fly to new parking requests and to parking spaces occupied by drivers who do not use our system. The simulation results demonstrate that FPA reduces the total travel time by factor of 4 when compared to a baseline that mimics the way people search for parking today. It also reduces the travel time by 42% when compared to a greedy parking assignment algorithm. Furthermore, FPA provides substantial improvements even when many parking spaces are occupied by drivers who do not use FPS.
Stratifying tissue heterogeneity with scalable single-cell assays

Three methods dramatically improve the scale of single-cell genomic sequencing and structural assays, allowing for the hierarchical partitioning of cell populations within a tissue.
Individual differences in reliance on intuition predict harsher moral judgments

The notion that intuition guides moral judgment is widely accepted. Yet, there is a dearth of research examining whether individual differences in reliance on intuition influence moral judgment. Five studies provided evidence that faith in intuition (FI) predicts higher condemnation of moral transgressions. Studies 1 and 2 (combined N = 543) demonstrated that FI predicted higher moral condemnation of strange actions characterized by ambiguous harm. This association maintained controlling for a host of relevant ideological and emotional "third" variables. Three experiments demonstrated this relationship to be robust in the face of manipulations. In Study 3 (N = 320), participants rated whether moral scenarios involved harm or victims prior to (vs. after) moral judgments. Although considering harm and victims prior to judgments lowered condemnation toward these actions, the manipulation did not moderate the association between FI and condemnation. FI related to moral condemnation of unconventional actions even after consideration of harm and victims. In Study 4 (N = 236), a manipulation designed to enhance deliberation lowered overall moral condemnation (vs. control group), but did not attenuate the relationship between FI and moral condemnation. In Study 5 (N = 204), participants quickly categorized actions according to whether or not they were immoral, harmful, or involved victims. FI predicted higher condemnation of ambiguously harmful actions even when these judgments were made rapidly. Implications for examining individual differences in intuition in the context of dominant theories in moral psychology (dyadic morality, Moral Foundations Theory) are addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record
Identification of differentially expressed genes associated with clinical response after treatment of breast cancer skin metastases with imiquimod.

e12541Background: Imiquimod, a Toll-like receptor 7 agonist, activates innate immunity and has a response rate of 20% in breast cancer skin metastases. Tumor regression is associated with increased...
Ectopic thyroid presenting as a submental mass: A case report

Abstract Thyroid ectopia affects roughly 1/100,000 people, with the majority of patients having hypofunctional thyroid tissue and an absent orthotopic gland. If not recognized early, thyroid ectopia may cause diagnostic dilemmas and result in unnecessary workup. Through the use of basic radiographic and histologic analyses, these lesions can be properly identified while also ruling out more common clinical entities. Conservative management remains a legitimate option for many patients, with surgical intervention reserved for severe symptoms or malignancy. We describe the case of a woman with an impressive sublingual ectopic thyroid gland who was managed successfully with conservative strategies.
College Hygiene Courses

(1941). College Hygiene Courses. Research Quarterly. American Association for Health, Physical Education and Recreation: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 556-565.
Anion Relay Chemistry: Development of an Effective Diastereoselective [3+2] Annulation Tactic Exploiting an Aldol/Brook Rearrangement/Cyclization Cascade

An effective [3+2] annulation tactic for the construction of diverse bicyclic compounds possessing highly functionalized cyclopentane rings has been developed employing soft ketone enolates as the initial nucleophile for anion relay chemistry (ARC). The protocol entails a highly diastereoselective aldol/Brook rearrangement/cyclization cascade.
Evidence of Molecular Heterogeneities in Amide-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents

The liquid structure of five different amide-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as a function of the chemical structure of the hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) was investigated by linear Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectroscopies. Linear FTIR spectroscopy shows that the amide band of the DESs is not significantly affected by the chemical structure and symmetry of the HBA cation. However, its excitonic nature does not allow us to draw further conclusions. Analysis of the 13C amide line shapes derived from the 2DIR spectra reveals that the different DESs do not show appreciable differences in the level of disorganization. The vibrational dynamics, derived from the photon echo experiments on the 13C amide, shows that there is a fast component with a time scale of ∼1 ps irrespective of the HBA. The ultrafast dynamics is assigned to hydrogen bond making and breaking between amides. In addition, a slow dynamical component is observed in the time evolution of the photon ech...
An empirical solution to the puzzle of weakness of will

This paper presents an empirical solution to the puzzle of weakness of will. Specifically, it presents a theory of action, grounded in contemporary cognitive neuroscientific accounts of decision making, that explains the phenomenon of weakness of will without resulting in a puzzle.
The construction and application of a population physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds.

Methadone is an opioid analgesic in veterinary and human medicine. To help develop appropriate pain management practices and to develop a quantitative model for predicting methadone dosimetry, a flow-limited multiroute physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for methadone in dogs constructed with Berkeley Madonna™ was developed. The model accounts for intravenous (IV), subcutaneous (SC), and oral administrations, and compartmentalizes the body into different components. This model was calibrated from plasma pharmacokinetic data after IV administration of methadone in Beagles and Greyhounds. The calibrated model was evaluated with independent data in both breeds of dogs. One advantage of this model is that most physiological parameter values for Greyhounds were taken directly from the original literature. The developed model simulates available pharmacokinetic data for plasma concentrations well for both breeds. After conducting regression analysis, all simulated datasets produced an R2 > 0.80 when compared to the measured plasma concentrations. Comparative analysis of the dosimetry of methadone between the breeds suggested that Greyhounds had ~50% lower 24-hr area under the curve (AUC) of plasma or brain concentrations than in Beagles. Furthermore, population analysis was conducted with this study. This model can be used to predict methadone concentrations in multiple dog breeds using breed-specific parameters.
Optic flow field structure and processing image motion

The structural properties of optic flow fields are used to develop constraints on the motion of image features over time. For several restricted cases of motion, these constraints greatly simplify the determination of inter-frame motion and the inference of environmental information. These structural properties are briefly reviewed. Procedures are presented for computing, and making environmental inferences from, optic flow produced when camera motion is known, translational, or restricted to a plane. Some applications are discussed.
The Structure of Glass

The search for the truth about the structure of glass is very much like the search for the truth about religion. The search itself is very much influenced by what one would like the truth to be. It is difficult to find an impartial discussion of the different ideas on the structure of glass since anyone who knows enough to write such a discussion knows enough to have formed his own ideas and these keep creeping in. This chapter is going to be no exception.
Rural LVAD Recipients Experience Similar Survival and Transplant Times Compared to Urban Counterparts

Introduction Despite the tendency for rural individuals with advanced heart failure (HF) to experience poor outcomes compared to urban counterparts, little is known about how rurality may impact survival and time to transplant for recipients of left ventricular assist devices (LVAD). Rural LVAD recipients will experience decreased survival time and increased time to transplant in the first year following device implantation when compared to urban counterparts. Methods This study was a secondary analysis of LVAD data from a Midwestern academic medical center maintained by INTERMACS. Subjects were designated as rural or urban using county level data from the 2010 U.S. Census. Descriptive statistics and frequencies were calculated. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare hazards, survival time, and time to transplant in rural and urban subjects. Results The sample included 182 LVAD recipients implanted from June 2010 to July 2016. The majority were married, Caucasian, males (71%) with a high school education. Nineteen subjects (10.4%) died in the first year post-implantation. Of these 19 subjects, 42.1% lived in rural counties and 57.9% lived in urban counties. Mean survival time was 169 (±115) days. Forty-eight subjects (26.4%) were transplanted; 43.8% were rural and 56.2% were urban. Mean time to transplant was 183 (±85) days. Kaplan-Meier curves ( Figures 1 and 2 ) and Cox proportional hazard models were not significant. (Survival: HR .87, .35-2.16, p=0.76; Transplant: HR .91, .52-1.62, p=0.75). Conclusions Although previous reports indicated disparate outcomes in rural individuals with advanced HF, this data supports comparable survival time and time to transplant for rural and urban LVAD recipients. Future investigations to confirm these findings in other implanting centers and explore the impact of rurality on other important outcomes such as adverse event frequency, hospitalizations and patient-reported quality of life are necessary.
Extracellular Vimentin Modulates Human Dendritic Cell Activation

Abstract Vimentin is an intermediate filament protein traditionally considered to be an intracellular protein with a structural role. However, recent evidence suggests that vimentin can also be found outside the cell in disease conditions such as cancer, traumatic tissue injury, and inflammation. Extracellular vimentin was previously found to stimulate innate immunity by increasing monocyte and macrophage ability to kill bacteria. However, vimentin has also been previously found to decrease neutrophil infiltration into inflamed tissue. How extracellular vimentin affects the initiation of adaptive immune responses is unknown. Initiation of adaptive immunity involves priming of naive T cells by antigen-presenting cells, the most effective of which are dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we demonstrate how extracellular vimentin modulates lipopolysaccharide (LPS) – induced activation of human DCs. Using cytometric bead arrays, we show that extracellular vimentin decreases LPS-activated DC secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-12 while increasing secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Using flow cytometry, we show that extracellular vimentin does not significantly affect LPS-induced DC surface expression of MHC I (HLA-ABC) or MHC II (HLA-DR) presentation molecules, costimulatory factors (CD80, CD86), or the DC maturation marker (CD83). Further, LPS-stimulated DCs co-cultured with allogeneic naive CD4 + T cells (Th0) induced less secretion of the pro-inflammatory Th1 effector cytokine IFN-γ in the presence of vimentin than in the presence of LPS alone. This result suggests that vimentin reduces Th1 differentiation. Taken together, our data suggest that extracellular vimentin may inhibit pro-inflammatory adaptive immune responses, by blocking DC secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, extracellular vimentin may play an important role in cancer or trauma-complications by inducing suppression of the adaptive immune response. In a positive sense, the presence of extracellular vimentin may prevent tissue-damage from contributing to the development of autoimmunity. Consequently, extracellular vimentin may become a novel drug target for treatment of a variety of pro- and anti-inflammatory disease conditions.
How do lean and non-lean female collegiate athletes view the eating disorder education they receive from their coaches?:

Extant research indicates that collegiate coaches often lack the knowledge or confidence required to provide their student–athletes with effective educational experiences related to eating disorder...
A Mg-Doped High-Nickel Layered Oxide Cathode Enabling Safer, High-Energy-Density Li-Ion Batteries

High-nickel layered oxide cathodes with a Ni content of >90% show substantial potential for next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high capacity and lower cost. However, they are plagued by rapid capacity decay and poor thermal stability, which hamper their practical viability. We present here Li0.98Mg0.02Ni0.94Co0.06O2 (NC-Mg) with 2% Mg doping, aiming to provide a strategic guideline for solving the issues. The Mg2+ ions occupy the lithium layer and are proposed to act as pillar ions, which substantially enhance the structural reversibility and reduce the anisotropic lattice distortion upon cycling, thereby greatly improving the electrochemical and thermal stability of NC-Mg compared to the undoped LiNi0.94Co0.06O2 (NC). Specifically, NC-Mg delivers 214 mA h g–1 with a capacity retention of 80.1% after 500 cycles in pouch-type full cells, much higher than the retention of NC (56.3%). A discharge capacity of 158 mA h g–1 at 10C rate demonstrates its remarkable rate capability. Addition...
pH dependent voltammetry at partially oxidized palladium and its potential for voltammetry-based pH sensing

Abstract We studied the effects of pH on voltammetry at partially oxidized palladium. Below pH 7.2, a cathodic process is seen in cyclic voltammetry whose peak potential as well as the potential of the inflection point preceding the peak are pH dependent with super-Nernstian pH response in both phosphate buffer (−90 mV/pH) and phosphate-buffered saline (−160 mV/pH). Above pH 7.2, a pH-independent secondary electrochemical process, hysteresis and/or a drop in sensitivity were observed. The mechanism of pH-dependent voltammetry is linked to the reduction of Pd(II) oxide and is modulated by adsorbed and partially protonated phosphate anions. The potential for pH sensing via voltammetry was evaluated in dynamic measurements, and even without a reference electrode when the microelectrode surface was partially covered with silver whose sharp anodic peak is not pH-dependent and therefore, can be used as internal reference. Practical pH measurement with voltammetry requires further research and optimization of material and stabilization protocols in the future.
The chemical diversity of RNA modifications

Nucleic acid modifications in DNA and RNA ubiquitously exist among all the three kingdoms of life. This trait significantly broadens the genome diversity and works as an important means of gene transcription regulation. Although mammalian systems have limited types of DNA modifications, over 150 different RNA modification types have been identified, with a wide variety of chemical diversities. Most modifications occur on transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA, however many of the modifications also occur on other types of RNA species including mammalian mRNA and small nuclear RNA, where they are essential for many biological roles, including developmental processes and stem cell differentiation. These post-transcriptional modifications are enzymatically installed and removed in a site-specific manner by writer and eraser proteins respectively, while reader proteins can interpret modifications and transduce the signal for downstream functions. Dysregulation of mRNA modifications manifests as disease states, including multiple types of human cancer. In this review, we will introduce the chemical features and biological functions of these modifications in the coding and non-coding RNA species.
Managerial Motivation and Determinants of their Performance: A Comparison of Middle-Level Managers From the United States and Europe

This article examines differences and similarities in perceptions of middle level managers regarding factors that determine managerial performance and their motivations between the United States (N = 176) and Europe (N = 77). Although both of these regions could be considered to be similar in terms of their position on the individualism-collectivism dimension, important differences were found in determinants of managerial performance and their motivations. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
The Beginnings of the European Union and Overview of the Book

In the year that the Berlin Wall fell, 1989, 11 auto-producing nations of Western Europe (WE) built 14,906,050 passenger cars. Meanwhile, state-led automakers in the former Eastern Bloc nations of Central-Eastern Europe (CEE)—Czechoslovakia, East Germany, Hungary, and Poland—produced 703,305 cars. Another 445,409 were assembled by state-run firms in the ex-Socialist Southeastern Europe (SEE) nations of Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslavia. In 2017, however, WE built 12,271,100 cars, or 17.68% less than in 1989. In contrast, CEE nations produced 4,147,740 cars in 2017 and SEE produced 632,865 cars, for respective gains of 489.75% and 42.09% compared with 1989. Moreover, unlike in 1989, all the cars assembled in CEE and SEE in 2017 were produced by private Western European, American, Japanese, and Korean companies (Ward’s (1956–2018) Ward’s Automotive Yearbook, 1956 to 2018 (Detroit: Ward’s Communications); OICA (1999–2018) Annual Vehicle Production and Sales, and New Registrations Statistics by Nation and/or Manufacturer, 1998 to 2017. Paris: Organisation Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles, http://www.oica.net/, last 31 January 2019; Jacobs (2017) Automotive FDI in Emerging Europe: Shifting Locales in the Motor Vehicle Industry (London: Palgrave Macmillan); ACEA (2018) The Automobile Industry Pocket Guide 2018/2019 (Brussels: European Automobile Manufacturers Association). Whereas Czechoslovakia encompassed the current nations of Czechia and Slovakia, Yugoslavia traversed today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia).
Developing Models for Tracking the Fate of Chemicals in Products in the Total Environment

Dynamically tracking flows and stocks of chemicals in products (CiPs) in the global anthroposphere and physical environment is essential for understanding their environmental fates and risks. The complex behavior of CiPs during production, industrial activities, use and waste disposal makes this task particularly challenging. In this chapter, we develop a global anthropospheric fate model, named Chemicals in Products—Comprehensive Anthropospheric Fate Estimation (CiP-CAFE). Provided with an array of product and chemical property parameters, the CiP-CAFE model facilitates the quantification of time-variant flows and stocks of CiPs within and between seven interconnected world regions and the generation of global-scale emission estimates. We also briefly introduce its connection with a previously published global environmental fate model, named the Berkeley-Trent Global (BETR-Global); the fusion of two models enables simulating temporally and spatially resolved masses and concentrations of chemicals.
Implementation of a Successful Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Program in a Community Hospital.

Background Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocols have been shown to be effective at accelerating return to functioning, reducing length of stay, and reducing cost per encounter at major medical centers and health systems across the United States and Europe. Implementation in the community hospital setting has been considered more challenging due to a wide range of factors. This study demonstrates the successful creation of such a program in a community hospital in central North Carolina. Methods Starting in the spring of 2016, an anesthesiology-led, multidisciplinary ERAS team was formed with the purpose of developing an enhanced recovery after major urologic surgery program. A clinical protocol was developed by the team that met quarterly to review metrics. Outcome data were collected by chart review and compared to pre-ERAS values in a retrospective, nonrandomized, consecutive fashion and underwent statistical analysis. Results Overall, a reduction in both average and median length of stay (37% reduction) was observed in the post-ERAS group along with a reduction in 90-day readmission. Statistical analysis confirmed a very strong likelihood (p<.0001) that the ERAS protocol resulted in the observed reduction in the length of stay. Discussion This study demonstrated the feasibility of starting an ERAS program in a community hospital as well as the critical role that anesthesiology leadership can provide. An anesthesiology-led ERAS program offers a solution to some of the challenges faced by community hospitals regarding variable and silo-based care. ERAS pathways aim to implement standardized and coordinated evidence-based care protocols through multidisciplinary teams representing the entirety of the surgical encounter, leading to more consistent and favorable outcomes for patients and hospitals. This model can be applied to many other services in addition to the major urology effort described here.
Experimental Behavior of Reinforced Concrete and Pretensioned Concrete Bent Caps

AbstractAccelerated bridge construction using precast bridge substructures can enable reduction of traffic disruption, increased worker safety, and increased quality through controlled conditions a...
The "Infodemic" of COVID-19.

Some in the medical publishing world have observed an "infodemic" occurring alongside the pandemic. One might define an infodemic as a contagious disease infecting our information culture. As the Editors of A&R, tasked with conducting, reviewing, reporting, and translating science to the rheumatic disease community, we agree with this diagnosis. Herein, we reflect on how the pandemic has impacted A&R, the medical publishing world, and how we may best engage our community to navigate current challenges.
Teriflunomide Safety and Efficacy in Advanced Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Objectives To explore the safety and efficacy profile of teriflunomide in progressive multiple sclerosis. Methods We conducted a single-center retrospective observational analysis of a progressive multiple sclerosis population, assessing safety and efficacy in patients treated at least one year with teriflunomide or glatiramer acetate. Sustained progression of expanded disability status scale and sustained worsening of timed 25-foot walk were compared using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results Teriflunomide group (n = 29) mean characteristics: age = 58 years (SD ± 7.6), disease duration = 16.7 years (SD ± 9.5), expanded disability status score = 5.9 (SD ± 1.3), and follow - up = 32.4 months (SD ± 13.6). Glatiramer acetate group (n = 30) mean characteristics: age = 52.4 years (SD ± 11.3), disease duration = 15.1 years (SD ± 10.4), expanded disability status score = 5.7 (SD ± 1.6), and follow - up = 46.9 months (SD ± 43.9). Both treatments were well tolerated without serious side effects. After adjustment for age, sex, and baseline expanded disability status score, sustained expanded disability status score progression did not differ between groups (hazard ratio = 1.17; 95% confidence interval: 0.45, 3.08; p = 0.75). Sustained timed 25-foot walk worsening after adjustment also did not differ (hazard ratio = 0.56; 95% confidence interval: 0.2, 1.53; p = 0.26). Conclusion In an advanced progressive multiple sclerosis population, no substantial differences in tolerability, safety, sustained EDSS progression, or sustained T25FW worsening over time were observed between glatiramer acetate and teriflunomide-treated groups. The small sample precluded definitive determination.
Case 15. De novo expression of CD26 on Sezary cells as an indicator of the disease progression in a patient with Sezary syndrome

While exfoliative or waxy erythroderma is a part of a triad for Sezary syndrome, it is not always present. Sezary syndrome in most of the case does not present diagnostic problems relying on the presence of more than 1000 clonal cells/mm3 in the peripheral blood. The difficulties arise with the choice of therapeutics in advanced leukemic cases when the cell number reaches more than 100,000 cells/mm3. The aberrant expression of CD30, CD26, and CD25 de novo is an indicator of poor prognosis.
Learning from reproducing computational results: introducing three principles and the Reproduction Package.

We carry out efforts to reproduce computational results for seven published articles and identify barriers to computational reproducibility. We then derive three principles to guide the practice an...
Adaptive mossy cell circuit plasticity after status epilepticus

Summary Hilar mossy cells control network function in the hippocampus through both direct excitation and di-synaptic inhibition of dentate granule cells (DGCs). Substantial mossy cell loss occurs after epileptic seizures; however the contribution of surviving mossy cells to network activity in the reorganized dentate gyrus is unknown. To examine functional circuit changes after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, we optogenetically stimulated mossy cells in acute hippocampal slices. In control mice, activation of mossy cells produced monosynaptic excitatory and di-synaptic GABAergic currents in DGCs. In pilocarpine-treated mice, mossy cell density and excitation of DGCs were reduced in parallel, with only a minimal reduction in feedforward inhibition, enhancing the inhibition:excitation ratio. Surprisingly, mossy cell-driven excitation of parvalbumin-positive basket cells, the primary mediators of feed-forward inhibition, was maintained, indicating increased connectivity between surviving mossy cells and these targets. Our results suggest that mossy cell outputs reorganize following seizures, increasing their net inhibitory effect in the hippocampus.
Virgil's Dido and the Death of Marcus Antonius

Virgil’s account of the death of Dido at the end of Aeneid IV has been the subject of an appreciably extensive critical bibliography. What has not been recognized to date has been the influence of the tradition of the suicide of the former triumvir Marcus Antonius on Virgil’s depiction of Dido’s demise.
SU-E-T-219: Comprehensive Validation of the Electron Monte Carlo Dose Calculation Algorithm in RayStation Treatment Planning System for An Elekta Linear Accelerator with AgilityTM Treatment Head

Purpose: This study evaluated the performance of the electron Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithm in RayStation v4.0 for an Elekta machine with Agility™ treatment head. Methods: The machine has five electron energies (6–8 MeV) and five applicators (6×6 to 25×25 cm 2). The dose (cGy/MU at dmax), depth dose and profiles were measured in water using an electron diode at 100 cm SSD for nine square fields ≥2×2 cm2 and four complex fields at normal incidence, and a 14×14 cm2 field at 15° and 30° incidence. The dose was also measured for three square fields ≥4×4 cm2 at 98, 105 and 110 cm SSD. Using selected energies, the EBT3 radiochromic film was used for dose measurements in slab-shaped inhomogeneous phantoms and a breast phantom with surface curvature. The measured and calculated doses were analyzed using a gamma criterion of 3%/3 mm. Results: The calculated and measured doses varied by 98.1%. The planar doses measured from films placed at 0.5 cm below a lung/tissue layer (12 MeV) and 1.0 cm below a bone/air layer (15 MeV) showed excellent agreement with calculations, with gamma passing by 99.9% and 98.5%, respectively. At the breast-tissue interface, the gamma passing rate is >98.8% at 12–18 MeV. The film results directly validated the accuracy of MU calculation and spatial dose distribution in presence of tissue inhomogeneity and surface curvature - situations challenging for simpler pencil-beam algorithms. Conclusion: The electron Monte Carlo algorithm in RayStation v4.0 is fully validated for clinical use for the Elekta Agility™ machine. The comprehensive validation included small fields, complex fields, oblique beams, extended distance, tissue inhomogeneity and surface curvature.
A 1.5-V 550-/spl mu/W 176/spl times/144 autonomous CMOS active pixel image sensor

This paper addresses the development of a micropower 176/spl times/144 CMOS active pixel image sensor that dissipates one to two orders of magnitude less power than current state-of-the-art CMOS image sensors. The chip operates from a 1.5-V voltage source and the power consumption measured for the chip running from an internal 25.2-MHz clock yielding 30 frames per second is about 550 /spl mu/W. This amount enables the sensor to run from a watch battery. In order to achieve design goals, a low-power sensor design methodology is applied throughout the design process from system-level to process-level, while realizing the performance to satisfy the design specification. As an autonomous sensor, it can be operated with only three pads [GND, VDD (1.2-1.7 V), DATAOUT]. The die occupies 4 mm/sup 2/ of silicon.
Improving performance using robust recurrent reinforcement learning control

A recurrent neural network (RNN) is used inside the feedback loop to improve closed-loop tracking performance of a nonlinear plant. An actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm is used to optimize the RNN actor as the plant operates in real-time. Integral Quadratic Constraints (IQCs) are used to guarantee robust stability of the closed-loop system as the RNN actor learns online. Using IQCs, we can deal with both model uncertainty and the nonlinear elements of the RNN actor in a single unified framework. The RNN actor provides dynamic capabilities that a feed-forward neural network could not, which results in a robust recurrent reinforcement learning controller that is able to provide enhanced nonlinear dynamic control.
Polarization of Nova Delphini 1967

The light of Nova Delphini 1967 has intrinsic linear polarization, with both a small-amplitude fluctuation with a time-scale of days and a secular variation with a time-scale of months. Rotation of the plane of polarization with time, arising from the interaction of intrinsic and interstellar polarization, is present, but too small to allow a confident evaluation of the interstellar component. A few observations of Nova Vulpeculae 1968 suggest that it also has variable polarization.
Old Texts, New Practices: Islamic Reform in Modern Morocco, by Etty Terem

Contemporary North Africa remains a fascinating region, in which many processes that interest historians and social scientists play a leading role in public life. These include questions of nationa...
The Scattered X-Ray Halo around Nova Cygni 1992: Testing a Model for Interstellar Dust

We use published ROSAT observations of the X-ray Nova V1974 Cygni 1992 to test a model for interstellar dust, consisting of a mixture of carbonaceous grains and silicate grains. The time-dependent X-ray emission from the nova is modeled as the sum of emission from an O-Ne white dwarf plus a thermal plasma, and X-ray scattering is calculated for a dust mixture with a realistic size distribution. Model results are compared with the scattered X-ray halos measured by ROSAT at nine different epochs, including the early period of rising X-ray emission, the "plateau" phase of steady emission, and the X-ray decline at late times. We find that the observed X-ray halos appear to be consistent with the halos calculated for the size distribution of Weingartner & Draine, which reproduces the Milky Way extinction with RV = 3.1, provided that the reddening to the nova is E(B - V) ≈ 0.20, consistent with E(B - V) ≈ 0.19 inferred from the late-time Balmer decrement. The time delay of the scattered halo relative to the direct flux from the nova is clearly detected. Models with smoothly distributed dust give good overall agreement with the observed scattering halo, but tend to produce somewhat more scattering than observed at 200''-300'', and insufficient scattering at 50''-100''. While an additional population of large grains can increase the scattered intensity at 50''-100'', this could also be achieved by having ~30% of the dust in a cloud at a distance from us equal to ~95% of the distance to the nova. Such a model also improves agreement with the data at larger angles, and illustrates the sensitivity of X-ray scattering halos to the location of the dust. The observations therefore do not require a population of micron-sized dust grains. Future observations by Chandra and XMM-Newton of X-ray scattering halos around extragalactic point sources can provide more stringent tests of interstellar dust models.
COMPUTER-INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING, A PERSPECTIVE.

Abstract : The introduction of computer-integrated manufacturing in ship production will involve more than linkage of separate automated ship production processes. It will create major changes from design through delivery. This paper presents the results from a three-part project: (1) a manufacturing literature survey of Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) and supporting technologies, (2) a National Science Foundation (NSF)-sponsored Workshop on CIM in ship production, and (3) research and development recommendations to facilitate CIM in ship production.
Trace Analysis of Actinides in Geological, Environmental, and Biological Matrices

Actinide elements are ubiquitous in nature. Uranium and thorium are present in the Earth’s crust with average concentrations of 1–10 μg g-1, making them more abundant than Ag, Sb, Cd, or Hg. While U and Th can even be found as major or minor mineral constituents in a variety of geochemical environments, typically they are highly dispersed and present only at trace or ultra–trace concentrations in most natural materials. Because 238U, 235U, and 232Th are the parents of the three naturally occurring non–extinct radioactive decay chains, they are always accompanied by lower concentrations of their radioactive progeny, many of which are also actinides (Table 30.1).
Differential inhibition of postnatal brain, spinal cord and body growth by a growth hormone antagonist

Growth hormone (GH) plays an incompletely understood role in the development of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we use transgenic mice expressing a growth hormone antagonist (GHA) to explore the role of GH in regulating postnatal brain, spinal cord and body growth into adulthood. The GHA transgene encodes a protein that inhibits the binding of GH to its receptor, specifically antagonizing the trophic effects of endogenous GH. Before 50 days of postnatal age, GHA reduces spinal cord weight more than brain weight, but less than body weight. Thereafter, GHA ceases to inhibit the increase in body weight, which approaches control levels by day 150. In contrast, GHA continues to act on the CNS after day 50, reducing spinal cord growth to a greater extent and for a longer duration than brain growth. Judging from its inhibition by GHA, GH differentially affects the magnitude, velocity and duration of postnatal growth of the brain, spinal cord and body. GH promotes body enlargement more than CNS growth early in postnatal life. Later, its CNS effects are most obvious in the spinal cord, which continues to exhibit GH dependence well into adulthood. As normal CNS growth slows, so does its inhibition by GHA, suggesting that reduced trophic effects of GH contribute to the postnatal slowing of CNS growth. GHA is a highly useful tool for studying the role of endogenous GH on organ-specific growth during aging.
Cloning, sequencing, and regulation of a xylanase gene from the fungus Aureobasidium pullulans Y-2311-1.

Abstract Aureobasidium pullulans Y-2311-1 growing on xylan secretes four major xylanases with different masses and isoelectric points. Two of these enzymes, named APX-I and APX-II, have been purified previously. Their N-terminal amino acid sequences are identical except that APX-I has Asp and APX-II has Asn at position 7. An 83-bp DNA region was amplified by PCR and used as a probe for the xylanase gene cloning. The longest cDNA (xynA) obtained by cDNA cloning and PCR amplification consisted of 895 bp. A. pullulans xynA had an open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 221 amino acids with a calculated mass of 23,531 Da and contained a putative 34-amino-acid signal peptide in front of the amino terminus of the mature enzyme. Strong homology was found between the deduced amino acid sequence of XynA and some xylanases from bacterial and fungal sources. It is suggested that A. pullulans XynA belongs to the family G glycanases. Northern (RNA blot) analysis revealed that only one transcript of 900 bases was present in cultures grown in medium containing D-xylose or oat spelt xylan. Transcription was completely repressed in the presence of glucose in the medium. Southern blot analysis indicated that A. pullulans xynA was present as a single copy in the genome. Comparison between the genomic and cDNA sequences revealed that one intron of 59 bp was present in the coding region. The data presented suggest that the highly active xylanases, APX-I and APX-II, secreted by A. pullulans are encoded by the same gene.
Integrating an Interprofessional Education Model at a Private University.

Objective: Eight cohorts of 25 nursing, optometry, pharmacy, physical therapy, and health care administration students will be “collaborative practice-ready” using care coordination principles for primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention. Methods: In each academic semester, 5 students from each of the health professional programs for a total of 25 students per cohort were asked to participate. The two semester interprofessional activity used online learning via Blackboard Learn ® , face-to-face and simulated experiences to teach the core competencies of Interprofessional education and collaborative practice (IPECP). In the first semester core, students were equipped with knowledge specific to teamwork and specific to care of vulnerable populations with diabetes. The organizing framework for the curriculum sequence included concepts of health promotion, prevention and intervention embedded in the Web of Causation (Primary, Secondary, Tertiary care). Specific content on diabetes care including standards of care will built on specialty content embedded in each health professional curriculum. Results: Over 225 students participated in the interprofessional educational activity. Several of the disciplines used multiple methods to invite students to participate in this voluntary effort while one discipline provided a means by which students could select this activity as an elective to meet their graduation requirements and another integrated the activity into an existing course. Conclusions: While not completely new, transforming the way students and faculty in health professions education experience clinical and didactic environments is an imperative. Interprofessional education and clinical practice must be an intentional practice that needs and requires support from university administration for successful implementation and sustainability.
Supplemental Microbial Phytase Improves Zinc Utilization in Broilers

Day-old male broilers (n = 384) were used in a 21-d trial to investigate the effect of microbial phytase on the retention and utilization of Zn. A corn-soybean isolate basal diet containing 20 ppm Zn was fed alone and supplemented with 5, 10, or 20 ppm Zn as ZnSO4.7H2O or with 150, 300, 450, or 600 U of phytase/kg of diet. Total excreta were collected during Days 18 to 20. Toe, tibia, and liver samples were taken at the end of the experiment. Adding Zn and phytase to the low Zn basal diet linearly increased BW gain and feed intake of broilers (P < 0.01). The gain to feed ratio was not changed by adding Zn but was decreased by adding phytase (P < 0.01). The amount of DM retained was linearly increased by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.10), but DM retained as a percentage of intake was only increased by adding Zn (P < 0.05). The amount of Zn retained per bird was linearly improved by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.01). Zinc retained as a percentage of intake was linearly decreased by adding Zn but was linearly increased by adding phytase (P < 0.10). Ash percentage of toe and tibia were not affected by adding Zn but were linearly improved by adding phytase (P < 0.10); however, the amount of ash in toe or tibia was increased by Zn (P < 0.05) and phytase (P < 0.01 for toe; not significant for tibia). The concentration and amount of Zn in toe and tibia were linearly increased by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.001). The concentration of Zn in liver increased by adding Zn (P < 0.10) but was not significantly improved by adding phytase. The amount of Zn retained in liver was linearly improved by adding Zn and phytase (P < 0.05). Nonlinear or linear response equations of the effects of Zn and phytase levels were generated and used to calculate the Zn equivalency values. The average function of Zn equivalency values (Y, milligrams per kilogram) of microbial phytase (X, units per kilogram of diet) was developed: Y = 0.20 + 0.0082X. The results indicate that approximately 0.9 mg of Zn was released per 100 U of phytase over the range of 150 to 600 U of phytase.
Coping and psychological distress among symptomatic HIV+ men who have sex with men

This study evaluated relations among indicators of latent coping factors and psychological distress while incorporating measures of life stress and HIV illness related factors simultaneously among 211 symptomatic, HIV+ men who have sex with men (MSM). Participants were all assessed at a single time point. A structural equations model with latent factors for approachoriented coping, avoidant-oriented coping, and psychological distress showed adequate fit. Furthermore, significant associations were identified among latent factors for approach-oriented coping, avoidance coping, and psychological distress; specifically, greater use of approach-oriented coping strategies and less use of avoidant-oriented coping were associated with lower levels of psychological distress. The model was revised to incorporate variables significantly associated with psychological distress (i.e., personal loss-total events, personal loss-controllability, and HIV-related symptoms). Relations among the coping and psychological distress latent factors remained significant. The results suggest that HIV+ MSM who do not have the coping skills or resources necessary to use adequate coping strategies to face the chronic burdens associated with HIV illness are likely to experience higher levels of psychological distress, independent of life stress and ongoing HIV-related symptoms.
Photochemistry of Iodopsin

The only action of light on the pigment of cone vision, iodopsin, as on the rod pigment rhodopsin, is to isomerize its chromophore from 11-cis to all-trans. All further changes are “dark” consequences of this one light reaction. Although this reaction initiates bleaching, its immediate product is a more intense pigment. At low temperatures in the dark, this tends to revert to iodopsin rather than to bleach.