cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Late Pleistocene – Holocene ruptures of the Lima Reservoir fault, SW Montana

Abstract Active tectonics within the northern Basin and Range province provide a natural laboratory for the study of normal fault growth, linkage, and interaction. Here, we present new geologic mapping and morphologic fault-scarp modeling within the Centennial Valley, Montana to characterize Pleistocene – Holocene ruptures of the young and active Lima Reservoir fault. Geologic relationships and rupture ages indicate Middle Pleistocene activity on the Henry Gulch (>50 ka and 23–10 ka), Trail Creek (>43 ka and ∼13 ka), and reservoir (∼23 ka) segments. Offset Quaternary deposits also record Holocene rupture of the reservoir segment (∼8 ka), but unfaulted modern streams show that no segments of the Lima Reservoir fault have experienced a large earthquake in at least several millennia. The clustered pattern of rupture ages on the Lima Reservoir fault segments suggests a seismogenic linkage though segment length and spacing make a physical connection at depth unlikely. Trail Creek and reservoir segment slip rates were non-steady and appear to be increasing. The fault helps accommodate differential horizontal surface velocity measured by GPS geodesy across the boundary between the northern Basin and Range province and the Snake River Plain.
Hypermethylation of CpG islands in the mouse asparagine synthetase gene: relationship to asparaginase sensitivity in lymphoma cells. Partial methylation in normal cells.

We have sequenced the promoter region of the murine asparagine synthetase gene and examined its methylation profile in the CpG islands of L-asparaginase-sensitive 6C3HED cells (asparagine auxotrophs) and resistant variants (prototrophs). In the former, complete methylation of the CpG island is correlated with failure of expression of mRNA: cells of the latter possess both methylated and unmethylated alleles, as do cells of the intrinsically asparagine-independent lines L1210 and EL4. A similar phenomenon was seen in normal splenic cells of adult mice. This was age related: no methylation was found in weanlings, but up to 45% of gene copies in animals 18 weeks or older were methylated. It was also tissue related, with methylation occurring rarely in liver cells. The relationship of these changes to oncogenesis is considered. http://www.bjcancer.com © 2001 Cancer Research Campaignhttp://www.bjcancer.com
A Glimpse at Discovery Tools within the HBCU Library Landscape

Discussions involving discovery tools range from dissatisfaction to celebration. Some contend that discovery tools present IT setbacks, expose internal library cataloging or metadata challenges, inhibit students from developing true information navigation skills, and create sustainability problems amidst realities of shrinking library budgets coupled with increasing electronic resource costs. Conversely, other librarians are optimistic; they claim that discovery tools help bridge the information divide and excite users to navigate, and, thereby, utilize the maze of library resources. Virtually no library literature analyzes discovery tool usage from the Historically Black College or University (HBCU) perspective. The goal here is to assess discovery tool acquisition, library instruction, challenges, and librarian attitudes relating to Web-scale discovery tools.
The human CC chemokine MIP-1β dimer is not competent to bind to the CCR5 receptor

Chemokine dimerization has been the subject of much interest in recent years as evidence has accumulated that different quaternary states of chemokines play different biological roles; the monomer is believed to be the receptor-binding unit, whereas the dimer has been implicated in binding cell surface glycosaminoglycans. However, although several studies have provided evidence for this paradigm by making monomeric chemokine variants or dimer-impaired chemokines, few have provided direct evidence of the receptor function of a chemokine dimer. We have produced a covalent dimer of the CC chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta (MIP-1beta) by placing a disulfide bond at the center of its dimer interface through a single amino acid substitution (MIP-1beta-A10C). This variant was shown to be a nondissociating dimer by SDS-PAGE and analytical ultracentrifugation. NMR reveals a structure largely the same as the wild type protein. In studies of glycosaminoglycan binding, MIP-1beta-A10C binds to a heparin-Sepharose column as tightly as the wild type protein and more tightly than monomeric variants. However, MIP-1beta-A10C neither binds nor activates the MIP-1beta receptor CCR5. It was found that the ability to activate CCR5 was recovered upon reduction of the intermolecular disulfide cross-link by incubation with 1 mm dithiothreitol. This work provides the first definitive evidence that the CC chemokine MIP-1beta dimer is not able to bind or activate its receptor and implicates the CC chemokine monomer as the sole receptor-interacting unit.
Nuclear metabolism. II protein synthesis by isolated calf thymus nuclei

Abstract Isolated nuclei from calf thymus gland actively incorporate [14C]-amino acids into the nuclear proteins. The energy for protein synthesis in the isolated nuclei is derived from both glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Our results suggest that 2,4-dinitrophenol inhibition of protein synthesis not only occurs because it is an uncoupler of nuclear oxidative phosphorylation, but it may also inhibit the “transport” of necessary constituents in the incubation mixture to the intranuclear sites of synthesis. Amino acid incorporation by the isolated nuclei into protein responded differently to some of the inhibitors of nuclear phosphorylation phorylation such as malonate and maleate. Cytidine and guanosine, which were reported to inhibit nuclear phosphorylation (9), can bring about a substantial stimulatory effect on nuclear protein synthesis especially when ribose-5-phosphate is added to the incubation mixture. Fructose-1,6-diphosphate, on the other hand, stimulated nuclear phosphorylation (9), but caused 50% inhibition of nuclear protein synthesis. The differential effect on nuclear phosphorylation and protein synthesis indicates that the nucleus has different sites or compartments for biochemical activities which are dependent upon or connected with each other and that certain cytoplasmic metabodites can exert a profound effect on the rate and magnitude of various nuclear pathways.
Optical communication through random atmospheric turbulence.

In this paper we compare the theoretical performances of two schemes of optical communication through the atmospheric turbulence: (1) heterodyne detection and (2) video detection. The signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) in the output current of a detector are expressed for both schemes in terms of the correlation function of the refractive index fluctuations of the turbulence. The results of a separate theoretical analysis of optical wave propagation through a random turbulence are used in order to obtain a numerical estimate of the performance criterion (S/N)_(2)(S/N)_(1) in terms of the length of propagation through the atmosphere, the turbulence strength, the wavelength of the optical wave, and the diameter of the receiving aperture.
Stable manifolds of saddle equilibria for pendulum dynamics on S 2 and SO(3)

Attitude control systems naturally evolve on nonlinear configurations, such as S2 and SO(3). The nontrivial topological properties of these configurations result in interesting and complicated nonlinear dynamics when studying the corresponding closed loop attitude control systems. In this paper, we review some global analysis and simulation techniques that allow us to describe the global nonlinear stable manifolds of the hyperbolic equilibria of these closed loop systems. A deeper understanding of these invariant manifold structures are critical to understanding the global stabilization properties of closed loop attitude control systems, and these global analysis techniques are applicable to a broad range of problems on nonlinear configuration manifolds.
Wheat breeding and our food supply

The capacity of the United States to produce wheat has been greatly increased through research. Improved varieties and better ways of growing them have made higher acre yields possible and have reduced losses caused by many wheat pests.
Gene flow and the geographic structure of natural populations

There is abundant geographic variation in both morphology and gene frequency in most species. The extent of geographic variation results from a balance of forces tending to produce local genetic differentiation and forces tending to produce genetic homogeneity. Mutation, genetic drift due to finite population size, and natural selection favoring adaptations to local environmental conditions will all lead to the genetic differentiation of local populations, and the movement of gametes, individuals, and even entire populations--collectively called gene flow--will oppose that differentiation. Gene flow may either constrain evolution by preventing adaptation to local conditions or promote evolution by spreading new genes and combinations of genes throughout a species' range. Several methods are available for estimating the amount of gene flow. Direct methods monitor ongoing gene flow, and indirect methods use spatial distributions of gene frequencies to infer past gene flow. Applications of these methods show that species differ widely in the gene flow that they experience. Of particular interest are those species for which direct methods indicate little current gene flow but indirect methods indicate much higher levels of gene flow in the recent past. Such species probably have undergone large-scale demographic changes relatively frequently.
Induction of lymphocyte agglutination and lysis by newcastle disease virus

Abstract Five strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were tested for their ability to agglutinate and lyse chicken lymphocytes. All 5 strains agglutinated lymphocytes, and the agglutination was inhibited by anti-NDV sera. All 5 strains also caused a different degree of direct virus-induced lysis of 51 Cr-labeled chicken lymphocytes. This direct lymphocyte cytotoxicity was lost after heating at 56°C for 30 min, or after treatment with a high concentration of formalin (1:100 dilution). Neither a low concentration of formalin (1:5000) nor trypsin treatment had any effect on cytotoxicity.
In rebuttal: Osteopenia is a useful diagnosis.

Eliminating the term “osteopenia” would foster complacency and a do-nothing attitude toward a serious and common disease.
We Cannot Accurately Predict the Extent of an Infant's Future Suffering: The Groningen Protocol is too Dangerous to Support

It is terrible to watch a child suffer. Like many others who care for children in the intensive care unit (ICU), I have too often witnessed what I considered to be intolerable suffering. Watching a...
Pregnancy-associated glycoproteins and pregnancy wastage in cattle

Accurate diagnosis of non-pregnancy and prompt re-enlistment of "non-pregnant" cattle into an appropriate breeding protocol are essential components of successful reproductive programs. Various methods aimed at improving detection of pregnancy and identification of non-pregnant cows earlier and more accurately are the focus of previous review articles and beyond the scope of this manuscript. Recently, the ability to measure pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in cattle has changed how pregnancy and, more importantly, non-pregnancy are detected. This presentation provides an overview of current research on the pregnancy-associated glycoprotein family, and how these glycoproteins might be utilized as indicators of pregnancy wastage in cattle.
Increased mast cells in regenerating marrow of normal and hypophysectomized rats.

SummaryIn both normal and hypophysectomized rats femoral marrow regenerating after mechanical disruption was found to contain a proportion of mast cells 8 times as high as marrow in the unoperated contralateral femur. In hypophysectomized rats this increase resulted in peak mast cell densities of 4.8%, and persisted for over 7 months.
GROWTH OF HYBRID TILAPIA FRY FED NITROGEN FIXING MARINE BLUE‐GREEN ALGAE IN SEAWATER

Ninety-one strains of nitrogen fixing marine blue-green algae were tested for their nutritional value for seawater adapted hybrid tilapia fry (Tilapia mossambica females x Tilapia hornorum males) with initial weights of 0.2 to 1.3 g. The majority of these blue-green algae were acceptable single ingredient feeds for the fish when the increase in wet body weight was used as a measure of food value. Twenty-two of the marine blue-green algal strains tested, belonging to the genera Nostoc, Anabaena and Calothrix, supported daily weight gains in excess of 10% when the fish were fed to excess in 5 to 7 day feeding trials. Fish fed to excess on several selected blue-green algal strains had growth rates equivalent to those of fish fed to excess on a complete ration. Excellent food conversion ratios (dry weight blue-green algae fed/wet weight gain) in the range of 1.48 to 1.81 were obtained when the fish were fed three selected nutritive blue-green algal strains at a daily rate of 10% of the body weight.
Nowhere Dispersing 3D Billiards with Non-vanishing Lyapunov Exponents

We describe a class of 3-dimensional regions with focusing components that generate a billiard system with non-vanishing Lyapunov exponents. To do this we answer affirmatively the long standing question whether or not the chaotic motion caused by defocusing can be produced in more than two dimensions.
Response to “Comments on ‘Evaluation of Evapotranspirative Covers for Waste Containment in Arid and Semiarid Regions in the Southwestern USA’”

The review comment by [Gee et al. (2006)][1] presents examples of failures in ET covers at different semiarid sites having design attributes similar to those described in our paper; however, it fails to point out the differences in seasonal precipitation patterns. Precipitation in the examples given
Determinants of the Enhancement of the Right Visual Field Advantage by Bilateral vs. Unilateral Stimuli

Abstract Bilateral presentation of two different verbal inputs usually produces a stronger left hemispheric/ right visual field (RVF) processing advantage than unilateral presentation. Previous reports of this effect confounded stimulus load with display configuration. Two experiments are presented in which the number of items during unilateral and bilateral trials was equated. The RVF advantage was enhanced during a free recall paradigm (Experiment I) but not during a partial report paradigm in which subjects were cued in advance to report only the top or the bottom of the display (Experiment II). This demonstrates that the effect (a) does not depend upon the number of inputs per display and (b) can not invariably be produced by bilateral/ bihemispheric stimulation. It is suggested that subjects may be strongly biased to give priority to items delivered to the RVF/left hemisphere during bilateral trials. However, when this bias is constrained by rendering half of the RVF inputs irrelevant, subjects maybe forced to pay equal attention to LVF inputs. Thus, eliminating the attentional bias eliminates the enhancement of the RVF advantage during bilateral trials.
Experimental Studies On Diffusion Of Liquids In Porous Glass

Diffusion coefficients of water and cyclohexane in porous sol-gel glass of average pore diameter 2.9 nm were obtained using a radioactive tracer technique. This information was applied to calibrate the membrane in the diaphragm cell which was subsequently used to measure the diffusion coefficients for cyclohexane, acetone, toluene, acetonitrile, and chloroform. Results for cyclohexane were compared with computer simulation of molecular motion of cyclohexane in a model cylindrical pore of diameter 2.9 nm. Translational motion of polar liquids inside the pores was found to be faster than that of neutral, not wetting solvents.
Subwavelength imaging of plasmon superlens with 3-dimensional small surface roughness

In 2000, Pendry introduced a “perfect lens” imaging device using double negative material [1]. He also predicted that a thin film of metal with negative permittivity (single negative material) can achieve subwavelength resolution by enhancing the p-polarization component of evanescent waves [1]. Other advantages of developing a plasmon film lens are that noble metals are naturally available materials, the imaging process can be done in real-time, and the object can be separated from an imaging device. In 2005, a thin slab of sliver was fabricated as a superlens [2]. Recently, we investigate the effects of small surface roughness on the images using 2-Dimensional (2-D) full wave simulations of the optical transfer function [3,4]. In Bagley et al. [3], we reported image enhancement through a superlens with roughness. It was shown that a silver film lens with small roughness compared with a wavelength can preserve image integrity and enhance the subwavelength image beyond that of a smooth lens. Next in Wang et al. [4], we investigated the image enhancement of superlens by combining loss with roughness.
Population illness rates do not explain population hospitalization rates. A comment on Mark Blumberg's thesis that morbidity adjusters are needed to interpret small area variations.

costs, government, business, and insurers are striving to decrease health care utilization. At the same time, many Americans lack adequate access to health care services. In this charged atmosphere, Mark Blumberg's concer about the appropriate application of epidemiologic research to health policy1 is both legitimate and important. I share with Dr. Blumberg the fundamental goal of bringing the scientific method to bear on available data to better inform public and private decisions in health care. Dr. Blumberg is correct in his assertion that there are differences in morbidity between regions and cities in the United States and
Nuclear Estrogen Receptor β in Lung Cancer: Expression and Survival Differences by Sex

Purpose: A role for estrogens in determining lung cancer risk and prognosis is suggested by reported sex differences in susceptibility and survival. Archival lung tissue was evaluated for the presence of nuclear estrogen receptor (ER)-α and ER-β and the relationship between ER status, subject characteristics, and survival. Experimental Design: Paraffin-embedded lung tumor samples were obtained from 214 women and 64 men from two population-based, case-control studies as were 10 normal lung autopsy samples from patients without cancer. Nuclear ER-α and ER-β expression was determined by immunohistochemistry. Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with ER positivity and Cox proportional hazards models were used to measure survival differences by ER status. Results: Neither tumor (0 of 94) nor normal (0 of 10) lung tissue stained positive for ER-α. Nuclear ER-β positivity was present in 61% of tumor tissue samples (170 of 278; 70.3% in men and 58.3% in women) and 20% of normal tissue samples (2 of 10; P = 0.01). In multivariate analyses, females were 46% less likely to have ER-β–positive tumors than males (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.27-1.08). This relationship was stronger and statistically significant in adenocarcinomas (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.18-0.89). Women with ER-β–positive tumors had a nonsignificant 73% ( P = 0.1) increase in mortality, whereas men with ER-β–positive tumors had a significant 55% ( P = 0.04) reduction in mortality compared with those with ER-β–negative tumors. Conclusions: This study suggests differential expression by sex and influence on survival in men of nuclear ER-β in lung cancer, particularly in adenocarcinomas.
NONLINEAR OPTICAL RESPONSE AND REVERSE SATURABLE ABSORPTION OF RARE EARTH PHTHALOCYANINE IN DMF SOLUTION

Nonlinear optical response and reverse saturable absorption behavior of various rare earth phthalocyanines such as Nd, Eu, Sm and La in dimethyl formamide (DMF) solution were studied under high power Nd:YAG laser excitation. Excited state absorption cross-sections and two-photon absorption cross-sections of these systems are measured from the limiting characteristics. The SmHPc2 system yields maximum value for excited state absorption cross-section and its potential application in DMF as a suitable optical limiter is also discussed.
Gain-of-Function Mutations of fem-3, a Sex-Determination Gene in Caenorhabditis elegans

We have isolated nine gain-of-function (gf) alleles of the sex-determination gene fem-3 as suppressors of feminizing mutations in fem-1 and fem-2. The wild-type fem-3 gene is needed for spermatogenesis in XX self-fertilizing hermaphrodites and for male development in both soma and germ line of XO animals. Loss-of-function alleles of fem-3 transform XX and XO animals into females (spermless hermaphrodites). In contrast, fem-3(gf) alleles masculinize only one tissue, the hermaphrodite germ line. Thus, XX fem-3(gf) mutant animals have a normal hermaphrodite soma, but the germ line produces a vast excess of sperm and no oocytes. All nine fem-3(gf) alleles are temperature sensitive. The temperature-sensitive period is from late L4 to early adult, a period just preceding the first signs of oogenesis. The finding of gain-of-function alleles which confer a phenotype opposite to that of loss-of-function alleles supports the idea that fem-3 plays a critical role in germ-line sex determination. Furthermore, the germ-line specificity of the fem-3( gf) mutant phenotype and the late temperature-sensitive period suggest that, in the wild-type XX hermaphrodite, fem-3 is negatively regulated so that the hermaphrodite stops making sperm and starts making oocytes. Temperature shift experiments also show that, in the germ line, sexual commitment appears to be a continuing process. Spermatogenesis can resume even after oogenesis has begun, and oogenesis can be initiated much later than normal.
Religious Revival and the Politics of Nation Building: Reinterpreting the 1963 ‘Buddhist crisis’ in South Vietnam

Scholars have portrayed the 1963 ‘Buddhist crisis’ in South Vietnam as a struggle for religious freedom, as a political conspiracy, or as a manifestation of ancient religious beliefs and practices. This paper, in contrast, argues that the crisis emerged from a clash of modernizing visions. The Buddhist-led protests that took place in South Vietnam in 1963 were linked to the Vietnamese Buddhist revival, a nationalist reform movement that began during the early twentieth century. The protests also reflected growing Buddhist anxieties about the Ngo Dinh Diem government's nation-building agenda for South Vietnam. By the time the crisis began, Buddhist leaders had concluded that this agenda (which Diem referred to as the ‘Personalist Revolution’) was incompatible with their plans to realize Vietnam's destiny as a ‘Buddhist nation’. In addition to reinterpreting the origins of the crisis, this paper examines how the course of events was shaped by the personalities and agendas of particular Buddhist and government leaders, and especially by fierce rivalries among members of Diem's family. These internal tensions help to explain the failure of attempts to end the crisis through negotiations, as well as Diem's decision to crush the movement by force in August 1963.
The art of back-of-the-envelope paraxial raytracing

Paraxial raytracing is a valuable tool for making quick "back-of-the-envelope" calculations in optical system design. Its popularity has been highly diminished as a consequence of the growing sophistication of computer-aided raytracing and the availability of powerful computers. The availability of raytracing computer programs does not harm in itself the usefulness of graphical raytracing, but it makes people forget, or never learn the basics of graphical raytracing. In this paper, some of the basic concepts of graphical raytracing are presented, along with some examples that illustrate how it can be applied to multielement systems. The mastering of the methods presented in this paper constitute some of the fundamentals required in the use of any optical software. Such knowledge is absolutely necessary for the conception of novel optical systems.
The optimal length of 'coasting protocol' in women at risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome undergoing in vitro fertilization.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a serious and potentially life-threatening complication following ovarian stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF). Coasting is the practice whereby the gonadotrophins are withheld and the administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is delayed until serum oestradiol (E2) has decreased to what is considered to be a safe level, to prevent the onset of OHSS. This study aimed to assess the length of coasting on the reproductive outcome in women at risk of developing OHSS. Coasting was undertaken when the serum E2 concentrations were > or = 17000 pmol/L but or = 4 days in terms of oocyte maturity, fertilization and embryo cleavage rates. Women in whom coasting lasted for > or = 4 days had significantly fewer oocytes retrieved (P < 0.05) and decreased implantation rate (P < 0.05) compared to those coasted for 1 - 3 days. Pregnancy rate/embryo transfer and live birth rate did not differ between groups. In conclusion, coasting appears to decrease the risk of OHSS without compromising the IVF cycle pregnancy outcome. Prolonged coasting is, however, associated with reduced implantation rates, perhaps due to the deleterious effects on the endometrium rather than the oocytes.
The importance of environment in the production of lymphocytes and immunologists.

The founders of The American Association of Immunologists would likely be impressed with the many discoveries that have been made in the last 90 years. In addition, they would be astounded by the questions those findings raised and the pace of current exploration. It surprises me, however, that, despite so much progress, my area of research remains fresh and full of opportunities. We are still discovering specialized blood cell types that participate in immune responses and are far from a complete understanding of how they arise. Tomorrow’s scientists will integrate what they learn about lymphocyte formation with exciting advances soon to come in stem cell behavior and differentiation, as well as the widespread implications for tissue and organ regeneration. Immunology has thrived in part because each generation of scientists has been willing to encourage and share with the next and I can see parallels between the production of lymphocytes and the training of new scientists. Both represent complex, multistep processes that result in highly selected individuals that then compete and cooperate in remarkable ways. In each case, aspects of production are in carefully regulated steady state equilibrium, little affected by changes in numbers of the mature product. It is easier to dissect and quantify steps in these assembly lines than to understand how progression through them is controlled by the environment. However, interesting facts are emerging that will form the basis for this discussion.
Vascular abnormalities at the site of limb deficiency

A case is presented of a child born with a left forearm deficiency and a cavernous hemangioma covering the tip of the forearm and left elbow. Points relative to the potential associations of vascular abnormalities and limb deficiencies are discussed. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Scalable techniques for memory-efficient CDN simulations

Since CDN simulations are known to be highly memory-intensive, in this paper, we argue the need for reducing the memory requirements of such simulations. We propose a novel memory-efficient data structure that stores cache state for a small subset of popular objects accurately and uses approximations for storing the state for the remaining objects. Since popular objects receive a large fraction of the requests while less frequently accessed objects consume much of the memory space, this approach yields large memory savings and reduces errors. We use bloom filters to store approximate state and show that careful choice of parameters can substantially reduce the probability of errors due to approximations. We implement our techniques into a user library for constructing proxy caches in CDN simulators. Our experimental results show up to an order of magnitude reduction in memory requirements of CDN simulations, while incurring a 5-10% error.
THE INFLUENCE OF THYROID HORMONE AND ANDROGEN ON COMB GROWTH IN THE WHITE LEGHORN COCKEREL

INTRODUCTION IT has been shown (Caridroit, 1941; Simmons, 1943; Blivaiss, 1947, and others) that comb growth is partly dependent upon the presence of thyroid hormone. Simmons reported that the growth of the comb in the White Leghorn capon could be increased by the administration of thyroxine and that the effect was roughly proportional to the dose. Blivaiss presented data showing a greater increase in growth of combs of Brown Leghorn capons and thyroidectomized males following the simultaneous administration of thyroxine and testosterone propionate than with either alone. Data submitted in the present paper substantiate some of the earlier work and support the suggestion of a synergistic action of thyroid hormone and androgen in the promotion of comb growth in the White Leghorn fowl. MATERIALS AND METHODS Changes in the weight of the comb, thyroids, and gonads, in response to various treatments designed to control the level of circulating thyroid hormone and androgen were studied. Animals were subjected t...
Standards of evidence for designed sex differences

At the heart of the debate between social role theorists and evolutionary psychologists is whether natural selection has designed the minds of the sexes differently to some interesting extent. In this commentary I describe the standards of evidence for both the positive and negative claims. In my opinion, Archer has met the standard for designed sex differences in intrasexual conflict.
Relationship between the production of murine cytomegalovirus and interferon in macrophages

Macrophages (M phi) harvested from the peritoneal cavities of mice after thioglycollate stimulation could be infected with murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), although the efficiency of infection was low. Sequential measurements of interferon (IFN) production by virus-infected M phi were performed in an attempt to explain the characteristics of MCMV infection in the cell cultures. Infected M phi produced moderate amounts of IFN, which was completely neutralized by anti-IFN-alpha/beta serum. The IFN was detectable in cultures as early as 8 h after infection and was produced only by exposing M phi to infectious virus. Production increased until 48 to 72 h and preceded virus production, which was initially detected 72 h after infection. Treatment of the M phi cultures with anti-IFN-alpha/beta resulted not only in a marked increase in virus production, as well as a shortening of the long eclipse period of MCMV infection, but also induced increases in the number of M phi releasing MCMV (VR-M phi). Thus, the IFN produced in MCMV-infected M phi (MCMV-M phi IFN) appeared to suppress the production and spread of MCMV. The increase in the number of VR-M phi observed was more resistant to anti-IFN-alpha/beta treatment than the production of infectious virus. The antiviral effect of MCMV-M phi IFN on MCMV infection in mouse embryo fibroblasts was similar to that induced by IFN-alpha/beta. Therefore, MCMV-M phi IFN appeared to be more active in protecting against the spread of cell-free MCMV than of cell-associated virus. These differences in sensitivity to IFN action suggest that M phi may have a role in the latency of MCMV and that their production of IFN may facilitate the generation of latent infection.
Women’s Expectations for Breast Cancer Prevention and Early Detection: High Expectations Can Be Achieved

Additional research is needed to improve the ability to detect life-threatening cancer at an early curable stage and to prevent the development of such cancer. Many research groups are working to discover more effective and safer methods to detect and prevent life-threatening breast cancer. The results from such research studies will ultimately allow women’s expectations for breast cancer prevention and early detection to be met.
A stochastic DNA walker that traverses a microparticle surface

Molecular machines have previously been designed that are propelled by DNAzymes, protein enzymes and strand displacement. These engineered machines typically move along precisely defined one- and two-dimensional tracks. Here, we report a DNA walker that uses hybridization to drive walking on DNA-coated microparticle surfaces. Through purely DNA:DNA hybridization reactions, the nanoscale movements of the walker can lead to the generation of a single-stranded product and the subsequent immobilization of fluorescent labels on the microparticle surface. This suggests that the system could be of use in analytical and diagnostic applications, similar to how strand exchange reactions in solution have been used for transducing and quantifying signals from isothermal molecular amplification assays. The walking behaviour is robust and the walker can take more than 30 continuous steps. The traversal of an unprogrammed, inhomogeneous surface is also due entirely to autonomous decisions made by the walker, behaviour analogous to amorphous chemical reaction network computations, which have been shown to lead to pattern formation.
Detection of the far-IR ν12 bending level in propargyl: a complete set of fundamentals for an important radical.

Propargyl (HCCCH2) radicals have been generated by expanding precursors through a supersonic pyrolysis nozzle, and their infrared (IR) absorption spectra have been recorded in a rare gas matrix. Besides the 10 vibrational modes observed in our previous studies, this investigation detected the HCCCH2 X 2B1 in-plane bending mode (ν12) at 344.2 (±0.8) cm–1 in a cryogenic argon matrix. This is the first experimental observation of ν12 for the propargyl radical. In the previous study, ν12 had been fixed at 333 (±10) cm–1 based on detection of its overtone (2ν12, 667.7 ± 1.0 cm–1) and a possible combination band (ν10 + ν12, 1339.0 ± 0.8 cm–1). The new observation is in reasonable agreement with this previous experimental estimation of ν12. Ab initio coupled cluster anharmonic force field calculations were used to guide the analysis. Our finding completes the fundamental frequency database for propargyl.
Performance of Concrete Bridge Decks of Similar Construction and Environment, but Different Traffic Loads

Maintenance, rehabilitation, and replacement of reinforced concrete decks are the largest bridge component expenditures for most transportation agencies. Therefore, concrete bridge deck performance was identified as one of the key bridge performance issues in the Federal Highway Administration’s Long-Term Bridge Performance Program. To improve knowledge of bridge deck performance, high-quality quantitative performance data should be collected periodically through the use of complementary nondestructive evaluation (NDE) technologies, such as impact echo, ground penetrating radar, half-cell potential, ultrasonic surface waves, and electrical resistivity. This paper presents the condition change of a bridge deck in Virginia over a period of six years. The assessment covered corrosive environment and corrosion processes, concrete degradation, and deck delamination. Deterioration progression from periodic NDE surveys is illustrated qualitatively by condition maps and quantitatively by condition assessment numb...
Decentralized coordination of energy resources in electricity distribution networks

This paper is concerned with optimal multi-period scheduling of distributed energy resources (DERs) dispersed in electricity distribution networks. DERs considered here comprise programmable loads with the ability to adjust their real power, photovoltaic (PV) generators with the ability to inject or absorb reactive power, as well as storage units (batteries) that can be charged or discharged and also offer the capability of reactive power control. A convex program is formulated to jointly schedule DERs over a time horizon. The objective to be minimized is a weighted combination of energy losses on the lines and cost of power provision offset by end-user satisfaction. A decentralized solver based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is developed, featuring closed-form updates per node and relying only on communication between neighboring nodes.
Einführung in den Track Umweltinformationssysteme

Die Umweltinformatik hat sich seit ihren Anfangen Mitte der achtziger Jahre zu einer wichtigen Disziplin im Schnittfeld von Natur-, Ingenieur-und Wirtschaftswissenschaften sowie der Informatik entwickelt. Sie umfast eine Reihe interessanter Facetten, wie die Bereiche „Modellbildung und Simulation im Umweltbereich“, „Regionale und Kommunale Umweltinformationssysteme”, „Geographische Informationssysteme“, „Umweltinformationsmanagement” und „Hypermedia im Umweltschutz“. Neben primar uberbetrieblichen Anwendungen in der Anfangszeit richtet sich der Fokus der Umweltinformatik in letzter Zeit zunehmend auf betriebliche Anwendungen. In diesem Zusammenhang spricht man auch von betrieblichen Umweltinformationssystemen (BUIS). Letztere sind dezidiert im Schnittfeld zum Gegenstandsbereich der Wirtschaftsinformatik zu sehen.
Entrepreneurship and family business research: comparisons, critique, and lessons

The history of entrepreneurship research offers some insights into the future of family business research. These Insights suggest possible developmental processes for the family business research f...
Odd localisation for a gastric cancer histology

Introduction More than 96% of signet-ring cell carcinomas occur in the stomach and the rest in other organs, including the gallbladder, pancreas, urinary bladder and breast. Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum is very rare, accounting for 0.1%–2.4% of all colorectal cancers.
Field investigation of intelligent compaction for hot mix asphalt resurfacing

Intelligent compaction (IC) is a relatively new technology for asphalt paving industry. The present study evaluated the effectiveness and potential issues of the IC technology for flexible pavement resurfacing construction using two field projects. In the first project, a geostatistical semivariogram model was established and the parameters derived from it were compared with univariate statistical parameters for the Compaction Meter Value (CMV) data. Further analyses illustrated the effect of temperature on the CMV value and compaction uniformity. In the second project, a multivariate analysis was performed between in situ tests and IC data. The possibility of combining various IC data to predict the asphalt layer density and improve the current quality control and assurance system was discussed.
Vascular Disorders and Anomalies

Vascular tumors are distinguished from vascular malformations by the presence of mitosis, or increased endothelial turnover. Vascular tumors can be benign, locally aggressive, or malignant. Infantile hemangiomas, the most prevalent vascular tumor, are largely benign entities, but can be functionally and cosmetically impairing if not treated in a timely manner. This chapter addresses infantile hemangiomas, vascular tumors with serious consequences (Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon and multifocal lymphangioendotheliomatosis with thrombocytopenia), and common benign tumors (pyogenic granulomas and angiofibromas).
Outcome Assessment in Hemophilia: A Pilot Study on Correlation of Different Instruments.

Abstract Hemophilia is a rare disease, requiring life-long treatment with expensive clotting factor concentrates. Outcome assessment in hemophilia is important to establish both results of treatment, and compare between strategies. Since the 1980s, hemophilia specific assessment tools were available only for radiological (Pettersson score) and clinical (orthopedic joint score) joint damage. Recently, the HAL (Hemophilia Activities List) was developed to assess functional limitations, and the orthopedic joint score was adapted into the HJHS (hemophilia joint health score) to assess more subtle joint damage. To assess correlation of instruments for outcome assessment, a pilot study was conducted in 22 young adults with hemophilia (15 severe, 5 moderate, 2 mild). Joint damage (Pettersson score, HJHS), physical function (self-reported: HAL, performance-based: Figure 8 test; time taken to walk around two pilons at a distance of 5 meter at maximum speed in a pattern of figure 8), Health Related Quality of Life (SF36), and utility (EQ5D) were measured. Median age was 17.8 years (range 14–30), 15 (68%) patients were treated with early prophylaxis, including all but one patient with severe hemophilia who had recently stopped taking prophylaxis. Overall outcome was good, with median HJHS score of 3.5 (range 0–30; max 140, optimum 0), median HAL score of 100 (range 62–100; max 100= optimum), and median figure 8 test 4.9 sec (range 4.2–7.4). Recent ( Spearman's correlations for EQ5D, and Pearson's correlations for other instruments are shown in the table. Structural Functional Quality of Life HJHS Pettersson HAL Fig 8 SF 36 EQ5D HJHS 1 Pettersson 0.86 1 HAL −0.61 −0.26 1 Fig 8 0.51 0.51 −0.56 1 SF 36 −0.73 −0.41 0.81 −0.54 1 EQ5D −0.37 −0.04 0.76 −0.29 0.68 1 The HJHS scores showed good correlation with the Pettersson score and the physical component score of the SF36. Correlation with functional outcome assessment was only moderate, while the HAL showed a high correlation with both SF36 and EQ5D. In conclusion, the HJHS is a promising instrument for structural assessment, but functional assessment using the HAL showes higher correlation with Quality of Life and utility. For full assessment of results of treatment and to compare different treatment strategies, functional assessment, in addition to structural assessment, is warranted.
Translational Research: Concepts and Methods in Dissemination and Implementation Research

Translational research is a bidirectional process that involves multidisciplinary integration among basic, clinical, practice, population, and policy-based research. The goal of translational research is to speed up scientific discovery into patient and community benefit. This chapter provides an overview of key concepts, methods, and trial types in translational research. The primary focus is on dissemination and implementation (D&I) research, or the systematic study of processes and factors that lead to widespread use and successful integration of evidence-based interventions into real-world clinical and community settings. This chapter will emphasize D&I methodological considerations as well as common frameworks and measures used in D&I research. Research concepts and resources pertinent for nutrition researchers and practitioners are provided.
Prognosis and Diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease Using Multi-Task Learning

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease excessively affecting millions of patients. Early diagnosis of PD is critical as manifestation of symptoms occur many years after the onset of neurodegenration, when more than 60\% of dopaminergic neurons are lost. Since there is no definite diagnosis of PD, the early management of disease is a significant challenge in the field of PD therapeutics. Therefore, identifying valid biomarkers that can characterize the progression of PD has lately received growing attentions in PD research community. In this paper, we employ a multi-task learning regression framework for prediction of Parkinson's disease progression, where each task is the prediction of PD rating scales at one future time point. We then use the model to identify the important biomarkers predictive of disease progression. We adopt a graph regularization approach to capture the relationship between different tasks and penalize large variations of the model at consecutive future time points. We have carried out comprehensive experiments using different categories of measurements at baseline from Parkinson's Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database to predict the severity of PD, measured by unified PD rating scale. We use the learned model to identify the biomarkers with significant contribution in prediction of PD progression. Our results confirm some of the important biomarkers identified in existing medical studies, validate some of the biomarkers that have been observed as a potential marker of PD and discover new biomarkers that have not yet been investigated.
Reverse Stability Kinetics of Meat Pigment Oxidation in Aqueous Extract from Fresh Beef

The use of kinetic models is an evolving approach to describing quality changes in foods during processes, including storage. Previous studies indicate that the oxidation rate of myoglobin is accelerated under frozen storage conditions, a phenomenon termed reverse stability. The goal of this study was to develop a model for meat pigment oxidation to incorporate the phenomenon of reverse stability. In this investigation, the model system was an aqueous extract from beef which was stored under a range of temperatures, both unfrozen and frozen. The kinetic analysis showed that in unfrozen solutions, the temperature dependence of oxidation rate followed Arrhenius kinetics. However, under in frozen solutions the rate of oxidation increased with decreasing temperature until reaching a local maximum around −20 °C. The addition of NaCl to the model system increased oxidation rates at all temperatures, even above the initial freezing temperature. This observation suggests that this reaction is dependent on the ionic strength of the solution as well as temperature. The mechanism of this deviant kinetic behavior is not fully understood, but this study shows that the interplay of temperature and composition on the rate of oxidation of meat pigments is complicated and may involve multiple mechanisms. A better understanding of the kinetics of quality loss in a meat system allows for a re‐examination of the current recommendations for frozen storage. The deviant kinetic behavior observed in this study indicates that the relationship between quality loss and temperature in a frozen food is not as simple as once thought. Product‐specific recommendations could be implemented in the future that would allow for a decrease in energy consumption without a significant loss of quality.
Simultaneous laparoscopic repair of intestinal malrotation and ileal duplication

Abstract An 8-year old boy was referred for chronic, frequent bilious vomiting and intermittent abdominal pain. Intestinal malrotation was diagnosed by upper gastrointestinal study (UGI) and laparoscopic Ladd's procedure was performed. Ladd's bands were laparoscopically dissected out, and the mesentery was dissected to be broaden. After performing Ladd's procedure, an ileal duplication cyst was found 30 cm proximal to the terminal ileum, which was extracted through the umbilical port site and was totally resected. Three years postoperatively, the patient has had no further symptoms.
Screening for Lung Cancer: Effective Recruitment Methods.

OBJECTIVE. The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services coverage decision have created a favorable environment for implementation of clinical ...