cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An active concept for limiting injuries caused by air blasts

Abstract We explore the feasibility of cellular materials concepts for passive and active mitigation of blast overpressures. The passive approach requires a cellular medium that compresses at nominally constant stress and dissipates the kinetic energy acquired by an attached buffer plate. Provided the cellular material is not compressed beyond its densification strain, the transmitted pressure is approximately the dynamic crush strength of the medium. This can be set just below a damage threshold by appropriate selection of the cellular material, its topology and relative density. However, for many realistic blast scenarios, the thicknesses required to avoid excess densification are excessive. The alternative is a deployable, pre-compressed, cellular medium released just prior to the arrival of the blast-created impulse. This accelerates an attached buffer toward the blast and creates momentum opposing that acquired from the blast. Numerical simulations of the fully coupled fluid structure interaction in air show that momentum cancellation is feasible, enabling a protective structure having much smaller volume.
A simulation model for evaluating resource policies in a major emergency department

This research describes the construction of a discrete event simulation model of the operations of a major emergency department (ED) in Melbourne, FL. Real data were used to fit distributions to patients' interarrival times, and to validate the model using statistical analyses. After meetings with the ED's management personnel, a major problem identified was the constant occurrence of bottlenecks due to the staffing levels of nurses. Thus, the objective of the simulation model was to understand the system's behavior under different alternative staffing solutions. Two different staffing level alternatives were evaluated and compared to the current staffing approach via statistical analyses. The results showed that the average patient time in the system of the alternatives were significantly different. Conclusions were made based on the results from the simulation study, and future research opportunities were identified.
Effects of Using Singe-Gender Group Exams in a Large, Introductory Geology Class

Studies have shown that women do better and feel more comfortable in science classes when cooperative learning techniques are used and when groups contain a critical mass of women. Group exams are one way to incorporate cooperative learning into a largeenrollment course. Trials of this method in a large introductory geology class indicate that making groups all-male and all-female helps many women and also some men to feel more comfortable with group work. Single-gender group exams thus provide multiple benefits for students in large classes.
CIGARETTE SMOKING AND INCREASED ENDOGENOUS ESTROGEN LEVELS IN MEN

In a population-based study of 590 Rancho Bernardo, California men aged 30-79 years without a history of cardiovascular disease, and who were first surveyed in 1972-1974, current cigarette smokers had significantly higher mean endogenous androstenedione, estrone, and estradiol levels compared to nonsmokers. In the cigarette smokers, a dose-response relationship was apparent for these hormones with mean levels increasing with increasing reported cigarette consumption. These differences persisted after adjusting for age and body mass index, and were not accounted for by either caffeine or alcohol intake, or exercise habit. In a further 89 men with a history of cardiovascular disease, hormone levels were not significantly related to smoking habit. The higher endogenous estrogen levels in cigarette smokers may confound the interpretation of studies reporting higher estrogen levels in male myocardial infarction survivors compared to controls.
Kinetic Model for Formation of Aromatics in the High Temperature Chlorination of Methane1

ABSTRACT A detailed thermochemical kinetic model consisting of 165 reversible reactions has been developed to describe catalyzed polymerization of methane under adiabatic conditions. The model, an extension of that previously proposed (Weissman and Benson, 1984, 1989), was tested against available experimental data for CH3C1 pyrolysis in the absence and presence of CH4 in the temperature range 1260-1310 K (Weissman and Benson, 1984). Predictions of major product yields are reasonable although predictive inadequacies are discussed. Product distributions in the CH4/CI2 reaction were studied as a function of inlet/mixing temperature (To = 750-900 K), reactor pressure (PR = 1.0 —5.0 atmospheres) and CH4:C1, mole ratio (1.0-2.0). Product distribution is shown to be a strong function of inlet temperature and reactanl mole ratio. Choice of these parameters define the “window” of accessible reaction conditions experimentally available for useful product formation. Commercially attractive C2 yields (C2 H 2, C2H4),...
Extremely low recycling and high power density handling in CDX-U lithium experiments

The mission of the Current Drive eXperiment-Upgrade (CDX-U) spherical tokamak is to investigate lithium as a plasma-facing component (PFC). The latest CDX-U experiments used a combination of a toroidal liquid lithium limiter and lithium wall coatings applied between plasma shots. Recycling coefficients for these plasmas were deduced to be 30% or below, and are the lowest ever observed in magnetically-confined plasmas. The corresponding energy confinement times showed nearly a factor of six improvement over discharges without lithium PFC’s. An electron beam (e-beam) for evaporating lithium from the toroidal limiter was one of the techniques used to create lithium wall coatings in CDX-U. The evaporation was not localized to the e-beam spot, but occurred only after the entire volume of lithium in toroidal limiter was liquefied. This demonstration of the ability of lithium to handle high heat loads can have significant consequences for PFC’s in future burning plasma devices. � 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 28.52.Fa; 52.25.Vy; 52.40.Hf; 52.55.Fa
Block Diagonalization in the MIMO Broadcast Channel with Delayed CSIT

This paper investigates the impact of delayed channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) on the MIMO broadcast channel with block diagonalization (BD) precoding. First, an upper bound for the achievable throughput is provided, which shows that BD is more robust to imperfect CSIT than zeroforcing precoding as it has fewer inter-user interfering streams. Due to residual inter-user interference, the throughput of BD still saturates at high SNR, which motivates switching between single-user and multi-user precoding. An accurate closed-form approximation is derived for the achievable throughput of the BD system, which provides guidance on the preferred transmission technique for a given scenario.
Reperfusion-induced injury to the blood-brain barrier after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats.

The integrity of the blood-brain barrier may play an important pathophysiological role during postischemic reperfusion. To determine the factors that lead to exacerbation of brain injury by reperfu...
Fabrication of pRNA nanoparticles to deliver therapeutic RNAs and bioactive compounds into tumor cells

RNA nanotechnology is a term that refers to the design, fabrication and use of nanoparticles that are mainly composed of RNAs via bottom-up self-assembly. The packaging RNA (pRNA) of the bacteriophage phi29 DNA packaging motor has been developed into a nanodelivery platform. This protocol describes the synthesis, assembly and functionalization of pRNA nanoparticles on the basis of three 'toolkits' derived from pRNA structural features: interlocking loops for hand-in-hand interactions, palindrome sequences for foot-to-foot interactions and an RNA three-way junction for branch extension. siRNAs, ribozymes, aptamers, chemical ligands, fluorophores and other functionalities can also be fused to the pRNA before the assembly of the nanoparticles, so as to ensure the production of homogeneous nanoparticles and the retention of appropriate folding and function of the incorporated modules. The resulting self-assembled multivalent pRNA nanoparticles are thermodynamically and chemically stable, and they remain intact at ultralow concentrations. Gene-silencing effects are progressively enhanced with increasing numbers of siRNAs in each pRNA nanoparticle. Systemic injection of the pRNA nanoparticles into xenograft-bearing mice has revealed strong binding to tumors without accumulation in vital organs or tissues. The pRNA-based nanodelivery scaffold paves a new way for nanotechnological application of pRNA-based nanoparticles for disease detection and treatment. The time required for completing one round of this protocol is 3-4 weeks when including in vitro functional assays, or 2-3 months when including in vivo studies.
Interaction Between the Larval Endoparasitoid Campoletis sonorensis (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and Its Host the Tobacco Budworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Studies on growth and development of Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) in various instar Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae were conducted. The behavior and morphological changes of the parasitized host was also evaluated. The results indicate that the host's age at the time of parasitism apparently influenced the development and subsequent fitness of the parasitoid. When initiating development in 3rd or 4th instar hosts, the parasitoid developed significantly slower than when initiating in 1st instar hosts. Furthermore, when developing in 3rd or 4th instar hosts, the parasitoid developed significantly faster during embryonic and 1st instar stages, and significantly slower during the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar stages than those developing in 1st instar hosts. In younger hosts, parasitoids also produced a significantly reduced body length, weight, longevity, and egg production estimate. Parasitism of H. virescens larvae by C. sonorensis changed host's morphology and behavior allowing easy identification of parasitized individuals and estimation of the age of the developing parasitoid within its host.
The opinions of economics majors before and after learning economics

AbstractUsing longitudinal data on undergraduates from 463 American colleges and universities from 1994–99, the authors examine how majoring in economics affects student opinions on 13 social, political, and economic issues. Economics majors were found to begin and end their college tenure with differing opinions on several issues when compared to other majors, and studying economics was found to be related to changes in several opinions. On the whole, studying economics appeared to increase beliefs in favor of personal freedom and decrease support for government intervention in markets. However, the authors find little evidence that economics majors leave college more united on their opinions when compared to the general student population.
Total Synthesis of Trioxacarcins DC-45-A1, A, D, C, and C7″-epi-C and Full Structural Assignment of Trioxacarcin C

Trioxacarcins DC-45-A2, DC-45-A1, A, D, C7″-epi-C, and C have been synthesized through stereoselective strategies involving BF3·Et2O-catalyzed ketone-epoxide opening and gold-catalyzed glycosylation reactions, and the full structural assignment of trioxacacin C was deciphered via the syntheses of both of its C7″ epimers. The gathered knowledge sets the foundation for the design, synthesis, and biological evalution of analogues of these natural products as potential payloads for antibody-drug conjugates and other delivery systems for targeted and personalized cancer chemotherapy.
Enterprise LTE and WiFi Interworking System and A Proposed Network Selection Solution

With a bandwidth reservation mechanism, we propose that LTE can assist existing WiFi networks to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) of wireless communication in enterprise and meanwhile increase the available spectrum. To address the associated network selection problem between WiFi and LTE, in this paper based on the 3GPP standard Access Network Discovery and Selection Function (ANDSF) framework, a context-aware solution named Extended Dynamic Enterprise ANDSF (EDE-ANDSF) is presented. It can select interfaces according to real time network conditions and cater for specific enterprise requirements.
MANAGEMENT OF CRITICAL AORTIC STENOSIS IN PREGNANCY

Aortic stenosis (AS) is an important determinant of outcomes during pregnancy. Management must balance the risks and benefits to both the mother and fetus. A 29-year-old woman G2P1 with prior diagnosis of critical AS (a bicuspid valve diagnosed at age 4, mean gradient was 60 mmHg in 2004) was
CATALYTIC OXIDATION OF METHANE OVER PD/CO3O4

The catalytic activity of Pd/Co3O4 toward methane oxidation has been examined in this study as a function of Pd loading, reaction temperature, space velocity and methane concentration in the reaction gas mixture. The bare oxide is quite active achieving a 100% methane conversion at 480°C under the reaction conditions used. The catalyst with the highest Pd loading tested of 10 wt.% yields the best activity curve, but the 5 wt.% Pd/Co3O4 catalyst performs nearly as well. Complete conversion for this catalyst is attained at 300°C and the activity remains stable over a 90-min test period.
Oh, Susanna : The new absolutism and natural law

Le pape Jean-Paul II a propose une interpretation contemporaine du recit apocryphe de Suzanne. Cette femme doit choisir entre la mort et des rapports sexuels forces avec deux hommes. L'exemple choisi illustre la tendance a l'absolutisme moral qui s'etend bien au-dela des frontieres de la pensee catholique. Cet absolutisme contemporain constitue une reponse a la peur du relativisme. L'A. critique l'interpretation proposee par le pape et son utilisation de la tradition de la loi naturelle. D'autre part, elle justifie une lecture alternative de la tradition
Fourth-Estate Finger-Pointing: Political Localization in Bailout Rhetoric

This article examines how two print media outlets, one liberal and one conservative, contextualize the 2008 bank bailout. It argues that political media can be seen as examples of Appadurai's localities, promoting individual identity through the creation of narratives of the Other, in keeping with Said's study of Orientalism. By comparing the localizing techniques used in response to the unique political situation of the bailout vote, it is possible to determine the extent to which liberal and conservative localities share identity-producing techniques, and also the extent to which each ideological locality maintains an identity distinct from the partisan localities of the two major U.S. political parties. The results indicate that in this instance both localities share localizing techniques, but differ in their relation to their associated political parties, with the conservative locality subsumed into the Republican Party, but the liberal locality clearly distinct from the Democratic Party.
Mercury isotopic evidence for multiple mercury sources in coal from the Illinois basin.

Coal combustion is the largest source of anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions to the atmosphere and, thus, has vast environmental implications. Recent developments in Hg stable isotope geochemistry offer a new tool for tracing sources and chemical transformations of anthropogenic Hg in the environment. We present here the first isotopic study of mercury in organic and inorganic constituents of four Pennsylvanian-age coal seams in the Illinois Basin, one of the main coal-producing areas in the USA. We report mass dependent isotopic variations relative to the NIST 3133 standard as δ202Hg and mass independent fractionation as Δ199Hg and Δ201Hg values. The data for Illinois coals show a wide range of δ202Hg (−0.75 to −2.68‰), Δ201Hg (0.04 to −0.22‰), and Δ199Hg (0.02 to −0.23‰). In contrast, vein pyrite from two coal seams is isotopically unfractionated relative to NIST 3133. Collectively, these data suggest that isotopically distinct Hg sources contributed to the organic and inorganic fractions of Illinois c...
Activated clotting factors in factor IX concentrates

The precise quantitation of activated factors in human factor IX concentrates has been accomplished with the use of recently developed, specific assays for factors IXa, Xa, and thrombin. The assay for factor IXa, which measures the initial rate of 3H-factor-X activation, was shown to be specific for factor IXa in the concentrates. Activated factor IX concentrates contained 1.0–2.3 microgram/ml of factor IXa; whereas the assays of unactivated concentrates were negative (less than 0.2 microgram/ml). The assays of factor Xa and thrombin, which measure the initial rate of p-nitroaniline release from S-2222 and S-2238, respectively, showed similar small amounts of factor Xa (4–34 ng/ml) and thrombin (12–76 ng/ml) in the activated and unactivated concentrates. The nonactivated partial thromboplastin time of the concentrates correlated significantly with the factor IXa content, but not with factor Xa or thrombin. Antithrombin III antigen in 3 of 4 concentrates was several-fold higher than antithrombin III activity, suggesting the presence of antithrombin III complexed with activated factors. These results support the hypothesis that the degree of activation of factor IX concentrates is related primarily to the concentration of factor IXa, which may be responsible for the thrombogenicity of these concentrates in some clinical settings.
Open Locast: Locative media platforms for situated cultural experiences.

Our interactions with space are becoming increasingly mediated – the further integration of context-aware mobile devices into everyday life continues to enable new understandings of our surrounding social, cultural and geographic spaces. Utilizing these devices in conjunction with emerging web technologies, online platforms that enable situated cultural experiences centered on the consumption and production of rich media content can be designed. This paper presents two projects based on the Open Locast framework, a web and mobile framework created for the design and development of locative media platforms towards these ends: Locast Tourism, aimed at re-envisioning the tourist experience in the Abruzzo region of Italy, and Memory Traces, a spatially-oriented interactive documentary that presents the stories of prominent Italian American immigrants in the City of Boston.
Marijuana-Related Posts on Instagram.

Instagram is a highly visual social networking site whose audience continues to grow, especially among young adults. In the present study, we examine marijuana-related content on Instagram to better understand the varied types of marijuana-related social networking occurring on this popular social media platform. We collected 417,561 Instagram posts with marijuana-related hashtags from November 29 to December 12, 2014. We assessed content of a random sample (n = 5000) of these posts with marijuana-related hashtags. Approximately 2136 (43 %) were explicit about marijuana and further analyzed. Of the 2136 marijuana-related posts, images of marijuana were common (n = 1568). Among these 1568 marijuana images, traditional forms (i.e., buds/leaves) were the most common (63 %), followed by some novel forms of marijuana, including marijuana concentrates (20 %). Among the 568 posts that displayed marijuana being ingested, 20 % showed someone dabbing marijuana concentrates. Marijuana-related advertisements were also observed among the 2136 marijuana-related posts (9 %). Our findings signal the promotion of marijuana use in its traditional plant-based form; trendy and novel modes of marijuana ingestion were also endorsed. This content along with the explicit marketing of marijuana that we observed on Instagram have potential to influence social norms surrounding marijuana use.
H∞ Filtering for Cloud-Aided Semi-active Suspension with Delayed Road Information

The paper considers a cloud-aided semi-active vehicle suspension. In this system, road profile information is downloaded from a cloud database to facilitate the onboard state estimation. Time-varying delays are considered during the data transmission. An H∞ filter is designed that exploits both onboard sensor measurements and delayed road profile information from the cloud. Disturbances due to GPS localization error and time delay inaccuracies are treated. The H∞ performance analysis is presented and sufficient conditions for the existence of the filter are derived as linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Filter design is then developed with the Projection Lemma. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the designed filter in estimating the suspension states.
Operationspflichtige Hämoptysen. Analyse eines Krankengutes von 1990–2000

Massive Hamoptysen, die einer operativen Therapie bedurfen, sind seltene Ereignisse. Bei Lungenverletzungen steht im allgemeinen die Blutung in die Thoraxhohle im Vordergrund. Material und Methoden: Von 1990 bis 2000 beobachteten wir in unserer Klinik 23 × massive Hamoptysen (kreislaufwirksam oder uber 600 ml pro Tag). Atiologie: Fehlbildungen der Bronchialarterien 4, Morbus Osler 2, Bronchiektasen 7, Aspergillome 4, gedeckte Ruptur eines thorakalen Aortenaneurysmas (TAA) 3, Arrosionsblutung Bronchuskarzinom 2, iatrogen (TEA Arteria pulmonalis) 1. Therapie: Anatomische Lungenresektion 15, bronchoskopisch interventionelle Blutstillung 2, Aneurysmaresektion 3, Embolisation Pulmonalarterie 1, bei 2 Tumorarrosionsblutungen bestand keine chirurgische Interventionsmoglichkeit. Resultate: Bei den 5 Patienten, die unmittelbar notfallmasig im Schock operiert werden mussten, verstarben 3 (1× Exitus in tabula nach pulmonaler TEA bei protrahierter Hypoxamie, 2× Multiorganversagen 9. bzw. 12. postoperativer Tag nach Resektion eines TAA). Alle anderen Patienten hatten einen unauffalligen postoperativen Verlauf, ebenso der Patient, bei dem eine bronchialarterielle Fehlbildung embolisiert wurde und die beiden bronchoskopisch interventionell behandelten Patienten. Fazit: Operationspflichtige Hamoptysen machen in unserem Krankengut weniger als 1% aller Indikationen zur Thorakotomie aus. Die Ursachen sind vielfaltig. Die technisch einfachste Moglichkeit zur Exklusion der blutenden Seite ist das Einbringen eines venosen Thrombektomiekatheters uber einen einlaufigen Tubus.
Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Production for Weed Control in Plasticulture Production System

Brassicaceae cover crops have been studied as biofumigant crops for weed and other soilborne pest control in plasticulture production, especially in the absence of the commercial fumigant methyl bromide (MeBr). Brassicaceae species synthesize a variety of secondary compounds known as glucosinolates (GSLs), which upon hydrolysis are converted into biologically active compounds S.K. Bangarwa (*) • J.K. Norsworthy Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA e-mail: sanjeev_hau@yahoo.com; jnorswor@uark.edu # Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2016 J.-M. Merillon, K.G. Ramawat (eds.), Glucosinolates, Reference Series in Phytochemistry, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-26479-0_9-1 1 known as isothiocyanates (ITCs). These ITCs are volatile compounds and therefore can be used for soil fumigation. However, Brassicaceae crops are rarely comparable to MeBr in terms of weed control, partially because of low and inconsistent ITC production and weed control, especially poor efficacy on nutsedge species. This chapter compares the biofumigation potential of various Brassicaceae cover crops and discusses the factors affecting the weed control from biofumigation in plasticulture production. In addition, this chapter describes the successful integration of synthetic ITCs and plastic mulches for weed control in commercial plasticulture production.
The effect of vocal fold vertical stiffness variation on voice production.

A parametric study was conducted using the numerical technique that coupled a three-dimensional continuum vocal fold model with a one-dimensional Bernoulli flow model to investigate the effect of vocal fold vertical stiffness variation on voice production. Vertical stiffness gradient was defined as the ratio of the inferior–superior stiffness difference to the mean stiffness and was introduced in the cover layer. The results showed that increasing the vertical stiffness gradient would increase the peak flow rate and sound intensity and decrease the open quotient and threshold pressure. The effect was found to be more prominent at low subglottal pressures. The underlying mechanism might be that the reduced stiffness at the superior aspect of the vocal fold would allow a larger lateral displacement and result in a larger vibration. Increasing the vertical stiffness gradient was also found to increase the vertical phase difference and glottal divergent angle during the vocal fold vibration. Meanwhile, increasing the vertical stiffness variation only slightly increased the mean flow rate, which is important to maintaining the speech time between breaths.
Quantifying the size-resolved dynamics of indoor bioaerosol transport and control.

Understanding the bioaerosol dynamics of droplets and droplet nuclei emitted during respiratory activities is important for understanding how infectious diseases are transmitted and potentially controlled. To this end, we conducted experiments to quantify the size-resolved dynamics of indoor bioaerosol transport and control in an unoccupied apartment unit operating under four different HVAC particle filtration conditions. Two model organisms (Escherichia coli K12 and bacteriophage T4) were aerosolized under alternating low and high flow rates to roughly represent constant breathing and periodic coughing. Size-resolved aerosol sampling and settle plate swabbing were conducted in multiple locations. Samples were analyzed by DNA extraction and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). DNA from both organisms was detected during all test conditions in all air samples up to 7 m away from the source, but decreased in magnitude with the distance from the source. A greater fraction of T4 DNA was recovered from the aerosol size fractions smaller than 1 μm than E. coli K12 at all air sampling locations. Higher efficiency HVAC filtration also reduced the amount of DNA recovered in air samples and on settle plates located 3-7 m from the source.
Regression with small data sets: a case study using code surrogates in additive manufacturing

There has been an increasing interest in recent years in the mining of massive data sets whose sizes are measured in terabytes. However, there are some problems where collecting even a single data point is very expensive, resulting in data sets with only tens or hundreds of samples. One such problem is that of building code surrogates, where a computer simulation is run using many different values of the input parameters and a regression model is built to relate the outputs of the simulation to the inputs. A good surrogate can be very useful in sensitivity analysis, uncertainty analysis, and in designing experiments, but the cost of running expensive simulations at many sample points can be high. In this paper, we use a problem from the domain of additive manufacturing to show that even with small data sets we can build good quality surrogates by appropriately selecting the input samples and the regression algorithm. Our work is broadly applicable to simulations in other domains and the ideas proposed can be used in time-constrained machine learning tasks, such as hyper-parameter optimization.
The business perspective in ecological restoration: issues and challenges

Much of the practice of restoration is conducted by businesses—contractors, consultants, designers, engineers. Restoration businesses interact with a variety of stakeholders to complete projects on time and on budget, and to achieve ecological and business objectives. Our research explores the business perspective in restoration; it is based on data collected from businesses (contractors, consultants, design engineers), agencies, and nongovernmental organizations involved in a Superfund cleanup project in Montana, one of the largest river restoration efforts ever. Our findings highlight several areas restoration businesses must navigate. First, restoration businesses must juggle potentially competing goals, maintaining ecological integrity while achieving profitability objectives. Second, these businesses must manage the risk that arises from variability in the natural environment as well as individuals' risk tolerances. Third, they must navigate the disconnect between “science” and “practice,” including how to best monitor restoration projects. Fourth, they must make decisions about new techniques and innovations. Fifth, on-the-ground implementation must acknowledge that personnels' motives and expertise might conflict with original plans. We discuss these findings in relation to relevant scholarly research, offering implications for theory and practice. For example, the business of ecological restoration requires learning over time to be profitable while achieving the desired ecological and social outcomes; restoration businesses leverage monitoring in pursuit of adaptive management and engage “frontline personnel” as important voices in the restoration process. Understanding the business of restoration adds an important perspective in the complex dynamics of social-ecological systems.
The Irradiated Wound

Radiation and its effects on normal tissue are important to an understanding of the alteration of healing that occurs in a radiated wound. The surgical management of irradiated tissue is discussed regarding surgical procedures in previously irradiated tissue and regarding management of the nonhealing irradiated wound, the radiation ulcer.
Information Policy and the Spatial Constitution of Digital Geographic Information Markets

Information policy has become one of the key instruments for the commodification and marketization of goods in contemporary capitalism. However, the spatializing role of this and other legal regimes has not been explored in depth. Among the categories of goods whose production and circulation is shaped by information policy, geographic information is increasingly salient in the digital economy due to the strategic and economic value derived from its integration of location and context. This article explores the role of information policy regimes in spatially bounding, structuring, and regulating digital geographic information markets. This is conducted through a Polanyian economic geographic approach that contextualizes, integrates, and synthesizes two types of geographic information market formations, and focuses on the institutional dimension of information policy regimes. In developing this approach, the article argues that legal regimes (in this case information policy) are capable of spatiali...
Intrinsic Disorder in the Kinesin Superfamily

The C-terminus of conventional kinesin (Kif5B) has long been referred to in the literature as the globular tail. In this work we show that this domain is in fact intrinsically disordered. The unfolded structure of the tail domain is revealed via in silico prediction methods, and CD and NMR spectroscopies. It has been well established that a diverse collection of cargos bind exclusively to the tail domain of Kif5B, and being natively unstructured would allow the tail to sample a variety of conformations in order to accommodate these various binding-partners. Expanding the in silico prediction methods to include all members of the human kineisn superfamily, we find that significant regions of intrinsic disorder are found in the motor or stalk or tail domains of every human kinesin. These regions contain little to no sequence conservation between different molecules, vary in length and net charge, and appear to serve a variety of purposes including structural flexibility and facilitating ligand binding and post-translational modifications. Thus, intrinsic disorder appears to be a structural feature that is important for various aspects of kinesin biology.
Assisting Ecosystem‐Based Fisheries Management Efforts Using a Comprehensive Survey Database, a Large Environmental Database, and Generalized Additive Models

Statistical habitat models, such as generalized additive models (GAMs), are key tools for assisting ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) efforts. Predictions from GAMs can be used, for example, to produce preference functions for the ecosystem-modeling platform Ecospace; preference functions permit a flexible representation of spatial distribution patterns in Ecospace by defining the preferences of marine organisms for certain environmental parameter values. Generalized additive model predictions can also be used to map species distributions for assisting marine protected area (MPA) planning. In this study, we applied a recently proposed methodology to produce preference functions for the fish and invertebrates represented in an Ecospace model of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) and to map the hotspots of juveniles and adults of three economically important species for informing future MPA planning in the WFS region. This proposed methodology consists of (1) compiling a comprehensive survey database blending all of the encounter and nonencounter data of the study ecosystem collected by the fisheries-independent and fisheries-dependent surveys that employ random sampling schemes, (2) developing a large environmental database to store all of the environmental parameters influencing the spatial distribution patterns of the marine organisms of the study ecosystem, (3) using the comprehensive survey database and the large environmental database to fit binomial GAMs that integrate the confounding effects of survey and year, and (4) making predictions with fitted GAMs to define preference functions for marine organisms and produce distribution and hotspot maps. All the GAMs we fitted were able to predict probabilities of encounter with reasonable or excellent discrimination and had a median adjusted coefficient of determination larger than the 0.1 threshold required for validation. The preference functions and hotspot maps produced using the fitted GAMs were generally in concordance with the literature. The methodology demonstrated in this study is timely, given the increasing interest in advancing EBFM worldwide.
Farming Songs from the Poet King: Translation and Explication of a Sinhala Janakavi Work

This article presents a translation of a Sinhala janakavi (“folk-poetry”) work called Laṅkā Vistaraya, or “Lanka Description.” An example of agricultural verse, Laṅkā Vistaraya depicted early-modern Sri Lankan farming as a communal event. During planting and harvesting seasons, the large amount of labor necessitated inter-village cooperation, and Laṅkā Vistaraya not only narrated this activity, but was perhaps the type of song sung to welcome visiting workers about to reap rice paddy. To this end, the second half of the poem was organized around a symbol standing for all of Lanka—Samanala Mountain (a.k.a. Adam’s Peak), a pilgrimage site and highpoint in the island’s watershed. These verses praised the riverine riches flowing off the mountain, touching all quarters of the island. Since the Samanala portion of Laṅkā Vistaraya is extant in two editions, a synoptic translation style is used to present both versions at once, highlighting the fluidity of composition and collectivity of authorship that characterize janakavi.
Future Ferrous Technologies

The patterns of changing technology in the world steel industry are discussed from a base in 1970 to help understand the changes which are likely to occur especially in the USA The point is made that the industry is no longer expanding at its historical rate, and thus the emphasis must be on efficient production in an arena where competitive materials, environmental regulations, and changing energy sources set the constraints. While changes are necessarily slow, the industry is still reasonably robust and can probably survive quite well with the introduction of the new technological concepts here or on the way.
Cerite from Mountain Pass, San Bernardino county, California

Cerite, a silicate of cerium and lanthanum, occurs with bastnaesite in one of the rareearth-bearing veins of the Mountain Pass district, California. The deposits of rare-earth minerals are in a mineralized zone in shonkinite in an area of Precambrian metamorphic rocks. The minerals associated with cerite are: bastnaesite, barite, quartz, chalcedony, calcite, galena, and altered acmite. Cerite is verona brown and occurs in massive form and in crystals. The crystals are pseudo-octahedral and range in size from 2 to 7 mm. The mineral has a resinous luster, a hardness greater than 5, and no observable cleavage. It gelatinizes in hot acid. The specific gravity as determined on the Berman microbalance is 4.78+0.11. The mineral is uniaxial positive, and the indices of refraction are o:1.806 and e:1.808. X-ray singie-crystai studies show that the crystals are rhombohedral rather than orthorhombic as suggested by Nordenskidld, and have the following characteristics: space group R3-c(D3a6) or R3c(C3,6);hexagonal o:10.78+0.08 A, c:38.03+0.27. Crystal forms present are c{0003}, e[01T21. The chemical analysis of purified material, after about 4 per cent of impurities are subtracted, is interpreted in terms of chemical, physical and crystallographic properties to give the tentative formula: (Ca, Mg)1(RE)8[(SiOr?_,(FCOt,l
General Motors Espana Assessment Center (Non Skill Assessment Process)

GM Espana was concious that its success in buildung a quality product and meeting its production objectives was largely based upon its initial preparation prior to start produkction: its training and orientation philosophy in terms of quality and productivity is: Productivity goals can only be achieved if people are aware of GM objectives, are trained to perform their assignments, and are committed to the organization and its objectives. Quality and productivity is directly related to how well people are selected, oriented and trained before they begin to perform their assignments. It is extremely difficult to improve quality and productivity if the basic awareness and orientation has not taken place from the first day of employment. Reliability is designed into the product and quality is built into it by the operators.
IMPLEMENTATION OF A HYBRID CONTROLLER FOR CRITICAL BUILDING HVAC SYSTEMS

Many industrial facilities utilize pressure control gradients to prevent migration of hazardous species from containment areas to occupied zones, often using Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) control systems. When operators rebalance the plant, variation from the desired gradients can occur and the operating conditions can change enough that the PID parameters are no longer adequate to maintain a stable system. As the goal of the ventilation control system is to optimize the pressure gradients and associated flows for the plant, Linear Quadratic Tracking (LQT) is a method that provides a time-based approach to guiding plant interactions. However, LQT methods are susceptible to modeling and measurement errors, and therefore the additional use of soft computing methods is proposed for implementation to account for these errors and nonlinearities. The performance of the resulting hybrid controller is demonstrated through simulation and experimental testing as compared to a representative PID controller.
pH-Driven Mechanistic Switching from Electron Transfer to Energy Transfer between [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and Ferrocene Derivatives.

The metal-to-ligand charge transfer excited states of [Ru(bpy)3]2+ (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridine) may be deactivated via energy transfer or electron transfer with ferrocene derivatives in aqueous conditions. Stern–Volmer quenching analysis revealed that the rate constant for [Ru(bpy)3]2+ excited-state quenching depends on solution pH when a ferrocenyl-amidinium derivative (Fc–am) containing a proton-responsive functionality tethered to the ferrocene center was present. By contrast, the rate constant with which the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ excited state is quenched by an analogous ferrocene derivative (ferrocenyl-trimethylammonium, Fc–mam) that lacks a protonic group does not depend on pH. These results show that the presence (or absence) of a readily transferrable proton modulates quenching rate constants in bimolecular events involving [Ru(bpy)3]2+ and ferrocene. More surprisingly, transient absorption spectroscopy reveals that the mechanism by which the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ excited state is quenched by Fc–am appears to be modulat...
Enhanced Cyber-Physical Security in Internet of Things Through Energy Auditing

Internet of Things (IoT) are vulnerable to both cyber and physical attacks. Therefore, a cyber-physical security system against different kinds of attacks is in high demand. Traditionally, attacks are detected via monitoring system logs. However, the system logs, such as network statistics and file access records, can be forged. Furthermore, existing solutions mainly target cyber attacks. This paper proposes the first energy auditing and analytics-based IoT monitoring mechanism. To our best knowledge, this is the first attempt to detect and identify IoT cyber and physical attacks based on energy auditing. Using the energy meter readings, we develop a dual deep learning (DL) model system, which adaptively learns the system behaviors in a normal condition. Unlike the previous single DL models for energy disaggregation, we propose a disaggregation-aggregation architecture. The innovative design makes it possible to detect both cyber and physical attacks. The disaggregation model analyzes the energy consumptions of system subcomponents, e.g., CPU, network, disk, etc., to identify cyber attacks, while the aggregation model detects the physical attacks by characterizing the difference between the measured power consumption and prediction results. Using energy consumption data only, the proposed system identifies both cyber and physical attacks. The system and algorithm designs are described in detail. In the hardware simulation experiments, the proposed system exhibits promising performances.
Development of Short-Period Nb3Sn Superconducting Planar Undulators

NbTi-based superconducting undulators (SCUs) have been developed and proven to increase the brightness by an order of magnitude at high X-ray energies at the ANL's Advanced Photon Source (APS). Nb 3 Sn has the potential to further enhance the performance of SCUs. A new project, aiming to fabricate a full-length, 3-m-long Nb 3 Sn SCU, compatible with the storage ring, has started at the APS. To develop the technology, three Nb 3 Sn short prototype magnets were fabricated and tested in liquid helium. These prototypes were used to incrementally improve the original design. The final short model magnet reached 100% of the short sample limit. The achieved current level in this magnet is 75% higher than what an NbTi wire can deliver.
Reframing the L2 learning experience as narrative reconstructions of classroom learning

In this study we investigate the situated and dynamic nature of the L2 learning experience through a newly-purposed instrument called the Language Learning Story Interview, adapted from McAdams’ life story interview (2007). Using critical case sampling, data were collected from an equal number of learners of various L2s (e.g., Arabic, English, Mandarin, Spanish) and analyzed using qualitative comparative analysis (Rihoux & Ragin, 2009). Through our data analysis, we demonstrate how language learners construct overarching narratives of the L2 learning experience and what the characteristic features and components that make up these narratives are. Our results provide evidence for prototypical nuclear scenes (McAdams et al., 2004) as well as core specifications and parameters of learners’ narrative accounts of the L2 learning experience. We discuss how these shape motivation and language learning behavior.
‘Look it Daddy’: Shows in family Facetime calls

Video-mediated technologies enable families with young children to participate in interactions with remote family members. This article examines how a family with young children uses the affordances of video conferencing to 'show' items or themselves. Findings indicate that there are two types of shows in these remote family interactions: those that are designed to receive identification, and those that are designed to receive appreciation and/or assessment. These shows are also often collaboratively produced between a child and her co-present parent. Finally, this paper considers the implications of these shows for our understanding of how families remotely participate in family life. Data are in American English.
Analysis of microRNA expression in glioblastoma invasion

2166 Gliomas are therapeutically challenging because tumor cells infiltrate normal brain tissue, thereby evading surgical resection. There are currently no therapies available to block glioma invasion, although a large number of genes are known to play a role in the process. MicroRNAs are a recently identified group of non-protein coding genes that modulate expression of protein coding genes. Aberrant expression of microRNAs plays an important role in tumorigenesis by affecting the expression of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, little is known about the role of microRNAs in glioblastoma multiforme. We therefore used a microarray to examine the global expression of microRNAs in patient tumor samples, and also in glioma cells from an in vitro invasion assay. Several major changes in microRNA expression were observed in this study, and validated by RT-PCR. These changes included substantial alterations in mir-21 and mir-128 levels. The functional significance of these alterations is currently being explored. This will provide the basis for future studies in which microRNAs may be used as diagnostic or therapeutic agents, and also provides a novel approach to invasion that may provide significant mechanistic insights.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Choreography in Education

Welcome to the 2019 Dance Education in Practice Special Issue, “Choreography in Education.” Choreography holds an important place in the field of dance education. In many ways, it is the heart of t...
The Detention of Migrant Families

In this letter to the editor, we attempt to summarize some existing literature on the detention of migrant youths and families while providing readers with a context for this issue. We discuss phases of trauma for migrant children prior to addressing current conditions, discuss existing research regarding the impact of detention on migrant families, and conclude with recommendations on how to improve safety and mental health conditions for migrant families in detention.
An Investigation of Misinformation Harms Related to Social Media during Two Humanitarian Crises

During humanitarian crises, a large amount of information is circulated in a short period of time, either to withstand or respond to such crises. Such crises also give rise to misinformation that spreads within and outside the affected community. Such misinformation may result in information harms that can generate serious short term or long-term consequences. In the context of humanitarian crises, we propose a synthesis of misinformation harms and assess people’s perception of harm based on their work experience in the crisis response arena or their direct exposure to crises.