cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Providing Cultural Context with Educational Multimedia in the South Pacific.

A recent research and development project conducted at the University of the South Pacific (USP) examined how educational multimedia can be built according to the learning approaches of the region. Through interviews, questionnaires and usability tests with staff and students at USP, the research team drafted a set of recommendations for the development of educational multimedia in the region. They then built an interactive CD-rom based on these recommendations. This paper focuses on the results related to cultural context, and the directions they indicate for educational multimedia developers in the South Pacific. Specifically, the study found that Distance and Flexible Learning (DFL) materials do not generally provide the cultural context that staff and students desire at USP, as they rarely utilize local metaphors, examples or Vernacular language. The paper presents approaches developed during the project to provide cultural context in two categories: decentralised and dialogic contextualisation. Through decentralised contextualization tools such as a Wiki or digital scrapbook, students are encouraged to provide their own cultural context to the learning materials. Dialogic contextualisation tools such as virtual peers and interactive quizzes can provide cultural context in a more conversational, personified, and centralised manner. These ideas are illustrated with specific examples of educational multimedia projects, so that they can be easily replicated and modified by educational multimedia developers in their own contexts.
CHEWING GUM AS A TREATMENT FOR RUMINATION IN A CHILD WITH AUTISM

Rumination involves regurgitation of previously ingested food, rechewing the food, and reswallowing it. In the current study, a child with autism displayed chronic rumination, resulting in the decay and subsequent removal of several teeth. After several treatments failed, including thickened liquids and starch satiation, the participant was taught to chew gum. His rumination decreased significantly when gum was made available. Results suggest that access to chewing gum may be an effective treatment for rumination in some individuals.
Continuous and Pulsatile Pediatric Ventricular Assist Device Hemodynamics with a Viscoelastic Blood Model

To investigate the effects of pulsatile and continuous pediatric ventricular assist (PVAD) flow and pediatric blood viscoelasticity on hemodynamics in a pediatric aortic graft model. Hemodynamic parameters of pulsatility, along with velocity and wall shear stress (WSS), are analyzed and compared between Newtonian and viscoelastic blood models at a range of physiological pediatric hematocrits using computational fluid dynamics. Both pulsatile and continuous PVAD flow lead to a decrease in pulsatility (surplus hemodynamic energy, ergs/cm(3)) compared to healthy aortic flow but with continuous PVAD pulsatility up to 2.4 times lower than pulsatile PVAD pulsatility at each aortic outlet. Significant differences are also seen between the two flow modes in velocity and WSS. The higher velocity jet during systole with pulsatile flow leads to higher WSSs at the anastomotic toe and at the aortic branch bifurcations. The lower velocity but continuous flow jet leads to a much different flow field and higher WSSs into diastole. Under a range of physiological pediatric hematocrit (20-60%), both velocity and WSS can vary significantly with the higher hematocrit blood model generally leading to higher peak WSSs but also lower WSSs in regions of flow separation. The large decrease in pulsatility seen from continuous PVAD flow could lead to complications in pediatric vascular development while the high WSSs during peak systole from pulsatile PVAD flow could lead to blood damage. Both flow modes lead to similar regions prone to intimal hyperplasia resulting from low time-averaged WSS and high oscillatory shear index.
A Brief Report on the Assessment of Distress Tolerance: Are We Measuring the Same Construct?

Distress tolerance (DT) refers to an individual’s capacity to cope with aversive internal (e.g., physical, cognitive, emotional) states. A growing body of evidence suggests that there is a relationship between DT and the development and maintenance of problematic behavioral patterns. Despite emerging evidence for such associations, a number of issues remain unresolved. The results of recent studies suggest problems with the convergent validity of the primary measures used to assess DT, despite the fact that these measures are used interchangeably in the DT literature. In order to further examine the relationships among DT assessments, we evaluated intercorrelations among various self-report and behavioral measures of DT in an unselected undergraduate sample (n = 83). Results indicate that two self-report measures of DT were highly correlated with one another, but that neither measure was significantly correlated with the behavioral measures. The relationships among the behavioral measures and between self-report and behavioral measures were weak and non-significant. Correlations between self-report measures only were strong. The findings partially replicate prior research indicating weak correlations between certain, commonly used measures of DT, and raise questions about the current conceptualization of the construct.
Fischer Black: The Mathematics of Uncertainty

The mystery of brilliant productivity will always be the posing of new questions, the anticipation of new theorems that make accessible valuable results and connections. Without the creation of new viewpoints. without the statement of new aims, mathematics would soon exhaust itself in the rigor of logical proofs and begin to stagnate as its substance vanishes.
Long-Term Predictions From Early Adolescent Attachment State of Mind to Romantic Relationship Behaviors

Attachment state of mind was investigated as a long-term predictor of romantic relationship competence. A secure early adolescent attachment state of mind was hypothesized to predict more constructive dyadic behaviors during conflict discussions and support seeking interactions in late adolescence and early adulthood. Utilizing multi-method data from a community sample of 184 individuals, followed from ages 14 to 21, adolescents with a secure attachment state of mind at age 14 were found to be in relationships that displayed more constructive dyadic conflict discussion behaviors and dyadic supportive behaviors at both ages 18 and 21. Results suggest substantial links between early adolescent attachment state of mind and the adult romantic relationship atmosphere an individual creates and experiences.
Zero-static-power phase-change optical modulator.

This Letter presents an innovative design of an electro-optical modulator using germanium telluride (GeTe) phase change material with an integrated nano-heater. The refractive index and the electrical conductivity of GeTe significantly change as the GeTe goes though the crystallographic phase change. Amorphization and crystallization of GeTe is achieved using the Joule heating method by passing current through an array of metal gratings, where GeTe fills the slits between the metal lines. These metal slits also increase the contrast between the amorphous (on) and crystalline (off) phases of the modulator by having extraordinary transmission and reflection response based on interactions of surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) with the incoming light. The modulator is designed for 1550 nm wavelength, where GeTe is transparent in the amorphous phase and provides high optical on/off contrast. The metal–insulator–metal (MIM) is designed in such a way to only support SPP excitation when GeTe is crystalline and slit resonance when it is amorphous to increase the modulation index. The modulator is stable in both phases with higher than 12 dB change in transmission with zero static power consumption at room temperature.
Observations on Chytridiaceous Parasites of Phanerogams. V. The Occurrence of Physoderma Butomi and P. Vagans in the United States

The common European "flowering rush," Butomus umbellatus has been steadily extending its range westward in the northeastern United States for some years. In the Great Lakes region it has become estab? lished in considerable numbers in the marshes at the western end of Lake Erie and in the Grosse Isle-mainland area of Monroe Co., Michi? gan. Indeed, it has been found by this writer established as far north in Michigan as Cheboygan Co., close by Mackinaw Straits. In the southeastern part of the state, in addition to the areas already mentioned, it has also been discovered in Washtenaw, and, particularly, in Oakland Counties.
Gold-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Arylindoles via Annulation of Nitrosoarenes and Alkynes

We have successfully developed a Au-catalyzed annulation method to produce substituted 3-arylindoles from the reaction of nitrosoarenes with arylsubstituted acetylenes under reductive conditions using sodium borohydride. Terminal alkynes reacted better than non-terminal ones with various substituted nitrosoarenes to afford regioselective 3-substituted indoles. This method is simple and straightforward and can be applied successfully to the synthesis of highly substituted indoles.
Initial Cell Concentration and Selective Media Effects on the Isolation of Listeria monocytogenes from Enrichment Cultures of Inoculated Foods.

To facilitate rapid quantitation of Listeria monocytogenes in artificially inoculated dairy products, seafoods, and other foods, the recently revised U.S. Food and Drug Administration methodology for Listeria in foods was further abbreviated. The ability to isolate L. monocytogenes was measured in terms of the number of inoculated colony forming units (cfu)/g of food. Isolation values for the foods tested, using modified McBride's agar (MMA), were 11 inoculated cfu/g in 30, 44, and 26% of test samples, respectively. The corresponding percentages with lithium chloride-phenylethanol-moxalactam (LPM) agar were 41, 51, and 8%, respectively. In eight (21%) instances, isolation values on LPM agar were significantly superior to those on MMA. The superiority of LPM was most dramatic when MMA isolation values were >10 initial cfu/g. However, LPM was not an infallible remedy for MMA deficiencies even at >10 cfu/g. Ease of isolation was apparently not related to food type. For 10 different test portio...
AAV-mediated gene delivery attenuates neuroinflammation in feline Sandhoff disease.

Sandhoff disease (SD) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by the absence of hydrolytic enzyme β-N-acetylhexosaminidase (Hex), which results in storage of GM2 ganglioside in neurons and unremitting neurodegeneration. Neuron loss initially affects fine motor skills, but rapidly progresses to loss of all body faculties, a vegetative state, and death by five years of age in humans. A well-established feline model of SD allows characterization of the disease in a large animal model and provides a means to test the safety and efficacy of therapeutic interventions before initiating clinical trials. In this study, we demonstrate a robust central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory response in feline SD, primarily marked by expansion and activation of the microglial cell population. Quantification of major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) labeling revealed significant up-regulation throughout the CNS with areas rich in white matter most severely affected. Expression of the leukocyte chemokine macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha (MIP-1α) was also up-regulated in the brain. SD cats were treated with intracranial delivery of adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors expressing feline Hex, with a study endpoint 16 weeks post treatment. AAV-mediated gene delivery repressed the expansion and activation of microglia and normalized MHC-II and MIP-1α levels. These data reiterate the profound inflammatory response in SD and show that neuroinflammation is abrogated after AAV-mediated restoration of enzymatic activity.
Vascular Actions of Angiotensin 1–7 in the Human Microcirculation Novel Role for Telomerase

Objective—This study examined vascular actions of angiotensin 1–7 (ANG 1–7) in human atrial and adipose arterioles. Approach and Results—The endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor of flow-mediated dilation (FMD) switches from antiproliferative nitric oxide (NO) to proatherosclerotic hydrogen peroxide in arterioles from humans with coronary artery disease (CAD). Given the known vasoprotective properties of ANG 1–7, we tested the hypothesis that overnight ANG 1–7 treatment restores the NO component of FMD in arterioles from patients with CAD. Endothelial telomerase activity is essential for preserving the NO component of vasodilation in the human microcirculation; thus, we also tested whether telomerase activity was necessary for ANG 1–7–mediated vasoprotection by treating separate arterioles with ANG 1–7±the telomerase inhibitor 2-[[(2E)-3-(2-naphthalenyl)-1-oxo-2-butenyl1-yl]amino]benzoic acid. ANG 1–7 dilated arterioles from patients without CAD, whereas dilation was significantly reduced in arteriol...
Protein Sculpting: Probing the Interplay between the Ribosome and Molecular Chaperones in Protein Folding in the Cell

Understanding the way in which proteins fold inside the cell is of fundamental importance to both biology and medicine. In the E. Coli cell, proteins are synthesized on the ribosome in the presence of molecular chaperones, Trigger Factor and DnaK. While both the ribosome and molecular chaperones are known to be important to protein folding in the cell, it has been nearly impossible to isolate their independent roles in the folding process since cells die at temperatures over 30C when Trigger Factor and DnaK are deleted simultaneously. In this work, we are able to access this challenging experimental condition and study the interplay between the ribosome and chaperones by synthesizing a model globin protein in a bacterial cell-free system derived from a Trigger Factor- deleted cell strain in the presence of an in-house- designed peptide inhibitor of DnaK. Surprisingly, we find that translation through the ribosome is sufficient to grant solubility to the full-length newly synthesized protein. Ongoing studies based on time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy in the frequency-domain and multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance yield additional details on the quality of the de novo-produced protein, and on the intriguing interplay between the ribosome and chaperones in ensuring its correct folding.
Modeling CBL activating mutations in vivo

In this issue of Blood, Nakata et al demonstrate that hematopoietic-specific expression of a mutation in the E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B cell lymphoma (CBL) results in a disorder that recapitulates the key features of human chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML). One of the challenges currently facing researchers studying CMML is the scarcity of faithful model systems to study disease pathogenesis and therapeutic response. Given the lack of curative therapy for most patients with CMML, there is a pressing need to develop improved preclinical models to inform mechanistic studies and drug development. Although genetically engineered murine models exist for the 3 most commonly mutated genes in CMML, SRSF2, TET2, and ASXL1, none of these models recapitulates the entire phenotypic spectrum of human CMML, including chronic elevation in monocytes, multilineage dysplasia, hypersensitivity to cytokines, and susceptibility to transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
Investigating Differences in Gas-Phase Conformations of 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Sodiated Epimers using Ion Mobility-Mass Spectrometry and Theoretical Modeling

Drift tube ion mobility coupled with mass spectrometry was used to investigate the gas-phase structure of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and D2 (25OHD2) epimers, and to evaluate its potential in rapid separation of these compounds. Experimental results revealed two distinct drift species for the 25OHD3 sodiated monomer, whereas only one of these conformations was observed for its epimer (epi25OHD3). The unique species allowed 25OHD3 to be readily distinguished, and the same pattern was observed for 25OHD2 epimers. Theoretical modeling of 25OHD3 epimers identified energetically stable gas-phase structures, indicating that both compounds may adopt a compact “closed” conformation, but that 25OHD3 may also adopt a slightly less energetically favorable “open” conformation that is not accessible to its epimer. Calculated theoretical collision cross-sections for these structures agreed with experimental results to <2%. Experimentation indicated that additional energy in the ESI source (i.e., increased temperature, spray voltage) affected the ratio of 25OHD3 conformations, with the less energetically favorable “open” conformation increasing in relative intensity. Finally, LC-IM-MS results yielded linear quantitation of 25OHD3, in the presence of the epimer interference, at biologically relevant concentrations. This study demonstrates that ion mobility can be used in tandem with theoretical modeling to determine structural differences that contribute to drift separation. These separation capabilities provide potential for rapid (<60 ms) identification of 25OHD3 and 25OHD2 in mixtures with their epimers.
Masculinity, School Shooters, and the Control of Violence

The outbreak of rampage school shootings in the United States beginning in the 1980s can be connected to contested notions of masculinity in the culture wars of the previous decades. Traditional masculinity was undermined by postwar consumer culture and by the social movements of the 1960s and 1970s, particularly women’s liberation and gay liberation. With the election of Ronald Reagan, conservative cultural and political forces attempted to resurrect an older version of masculine behavior and dominance under the guise of “family values,” while at the same time Reaganomics eroded the material basis for working men’s position in family and society. Under these pressures, hypermasculine subcultures arose that led to the persecution of alienated and nonconformist high school students, who emulated them in turn when they perpetrated school shootings as revenge for their mistreatment.
Blind sequential detection for sparse ISI channels

We present a computationally efficient blind sequential detection method for data transmitted over a sparse intersymbol interference channel. Unlike blind sequential detection methods designed for general channels, the proposed method exploits the channel sparsity by using estimated channel sparsity to assist in the detection of the transmitted sequence. A Gaussian mixture model is used to describe sparse channels, and two tree-search strategies are applied to estimate the channel sparsity and the transmitted sequence, respectively. To demonstrate the performance improvement achieved by the proposed blind detector, we compare it to conventional joint channel and sequence detection methods that use sparse channel estimation techniques. Simulation results show that the proposed detector not only reduces computational complexity compared to existing methods but also provides superior performance, particularly when the signal to noise ratio is low.
Effects of linguistic context on the acceptability of co-speech gestures

We ask whether iconic co-speech gestures are judged as more natural by naive participants when their content is entailed by a preceding context, or repeated in the same utterance, or when they contribute new information (i.e., are nontrivial). Our results show, first, that the acceptability of co-speech gestures is not affected by whether they are entailed by a preceding context (they are not “hard presupposition triggers”). In contrast, our second finding is that gestures are affected by content in the same utterance, such that they are judged more acceptable when they reinforce information already present in the proposition. In addition, gestures varied widely in how acceptable they were judged even in the same information contexts, which we take to be an indication that we are just scratching the surface of a more general question about the felicity of co-speech gestures, of which the current study provides a first experimental foundation.
Reproductive System, Female

Modern technology creates and applies new chemicals faster than they can be tested for potential to cause adverse health effects, including toxicity to the female reproductive system. Infertility in humans is usually defined as the failure to conceive following natural attempts to achieve pregnancy for a year or more. The female reproductive system appears to be more sensitive to environmental perturbations and is more complex in its organization than most other physiologic systems or when compared to male reproductive physiology. For these and other reasons that will be covered in this review, female reproductive toxicology is an especially challenging area of study. Examples of known reproductive toxicants and their mechanisms of action are also discussed.
HOW CAN A DRUM CHANGE SHAPE, WHILE SOUNDING THE SAME?: Part II

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how minimizing cycles of dimensions greater than one can be used to detect how the geometry of a manifold changes when its metric undergoes an isospectral deformation. In certain cases, when the volumes of the minimizing cycles remain constant during the deformation, more detailed information about the geometry of the minimizing cycles reveals the change. The chapter discusses the application of a method of calibrated geometries to the study of isospectral deformations of closed Riemannian manifolds in search of an answer to the question. An isospectral deformation of a Riemannian manifold is a one-parameter family of metrics on the manifold such that the eigenvalues and multiplicities of the Laplace–Beltrami operators of the metrics are the same for all the metrics in the family. The chapter presents examples of isospectral deformations in which no homology class changes mass.
Regulation of melatonin synthesis in the ovine pineal gland.

Based on studies in the rat, it is now generally believed that pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity is the major factor which regulates melatonin synthesis in the pineal gland and its concentration in the circulation on a circadian basis (Axelrod and Zatz, 1977; Klein et al. 1981). NAT activity in the rat increases 50-100-fold at night, causing increased synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland and about a 10-fold increase in melatonin in the circulation (Reppert and Klein, 1980). The duration of increased melatonin in the circulation is proposed to act as the chemical signal that conveys information about the length of the night to the body. Norepinephrine released from the sympathetic nerve endings in the pineal gland causes the large increase in the NAT activity via a cAMP-dependent mechanism, with alpha and beta adrenergic receptors acting in concert (Klein, 1978).
IS THERE UNIVERSAL RECOGNITION OF EMOTION FROM FACIAL EXPRESSION? A REVIEW OF THE CROSS-CULTURAL STUDIES

This chapter reviews cross-cultural studies. The study of emotions expressed by facial expression cannot be simply studied as isolated case studies through isolated instances of physiognomy, morphology, or cultural analytics. For some theorists, universality is deeply revealing about the nature of emotion; for others, universality is a finding that must be accounted for by any viable theory of emotion. The universality thesis is an idea that the Western psychologists find plausible, especially given randomness as the alternative. Any studies of the universality thesis and other alternative theories like cultural relativism must aid in the design of more useful studies. Rather than ask whether or not a given culture agrees with one preformulated hypothesis, it would be more useful to question how members of that culture conceptualize emotions and facial behavior.
Complex Coacervation in Polyelectrolytes from a Coarse-Grained Model

Complex coacervation refers to the formation of distinct liquid phases that arise when polyelectrolytes are mixed under appropriate polymer and salt concentrations. Molecular-level studies of coacervation have been limited. In this work, a coarse-grained model of the polymers and the corresponding counterions is proposed and used to simulate coacervation as a function of polymer length and overall salt concentration. Several sampling methods are used to determine the phase behavior of the underlying polymers. In particular, the results of simulations in different ensembles are shown to be consistent and to reproduce a number of phenomena observed in experiments, including the disruption of complexation by increasing ionic strength or by decreasing molecular weight. The coacervate concentrations determined from phase behavior calculations are then used to examine the rheology of the corresponding materials. By relying on long dynamic simulations, we are able to generate the dynamic response of the material...
Circulating miRNA and extracellular vesicle containing miRNA as response biomarkers of anti PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer.

3058Background: Anti PD-1/PD-L1 antibody is a standard first or second-line treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and PD-L1 immunohistochemisty is used as a predictive biomarke...
Anorexia nervosa, athletics, and amenorrhea.

Menstrual dysfunction is common in adolescent women who are athletes. Weight loss, poor nutrition, stress, exercise, and a prior history of menstrual dysfunction all may contribute to amenorrhea in athletes. Other causes of secondary amenorrhea should be excluded in the amenorrheic athlete. Estrogen replacement should be considered for the hypoestrogenic adolescent.
Human Rights and Transnational Justice in the Contemporary Anglophone Novel: J. M. Coetzee’s "Disgrace" and Achmat Dangor’s "Bitter Fruit"

This chapter takes Achmat Dangor’s Bitter Fruit (2001) and J.M. Coetzee’s Disgrace (2000) as case studies of human rights in the global Anglophone novel. Moving between an analysis of the novels’ reception history and their complicated, often deferred meditations on fiction’s ability to engage with contemporary politics, this chapter explains how human rights share with the novel a proclivity for narrative, but also how contemporary Anglophone fiction navigates similar terrain as human rights: Both are shaped by the (often competing) claims of global capital, international influence, and local or national culture. A literature review situates these novels in the broader landscape of humanist engagement with human rights.
PURE: Using Verified Remote Attestation to Obtain Proofs of Update, Reset and Erasure in low-End Embedded Systems

Remote Attestation ( $\mathcal{R}\mathrm{A}$ ) is a security service that enables a trusted verifier ( $\mathcal{V}{\text{rf}}$ ) to measure current memory state of an untrusted remote prover ( $\mathcal{P}{\text{rv}}$ ). If correctly implemented, $\mathcal{R}\mathrm{A}$ allows $\mathcal{V}{\text{rf}}$ to remotely detect if $\mathcal{P}{\text{rv}}$ 's memory reflects a compromised state. However, $\mathcal{R}{\mathrm{A}}$ by itself offers no means of remedying the situation once $\mathcal{P}$ rv is determined to be compromised. In this work we show how a secure $\mathcal{R}\mathrm{A}$ architecture can be extended to enable important and useful security services for low-end embedded devices. In particular, we extend the formally verified $\mathcal{R}\mathrm{A}$ architecture, VRASED, to implement provably secure software update, erasure, and system-wide resets. When (serially) composed, these features guarantee to $\mathcal{V}{\text{rf}}$ that a remote $\mathcal{P}{\text{rv}}$ has been updated to a functional and malware-free state, and was properly initialized after such process. These services are provably secure against an adversary (represented by malware) that compromises $\mathcal{P}{\text{rv}}$ and exerts full control of its software state. Our results demonstrate that such services incur minimal additional overhead (0.4% extra hardware footprint, and 100-s milliseconds to generate combined proofs of update, erasure, and reset), making them practical even for the lowest-end embedded devices, e.g., those based on MSP430 or AVR ATMega micro-controller units (MCUs). All changes introduced by our new services to VRASED trusted components are also formally verified.
Electrochemical Li Intercalation in Black Phosphorus: In Situ and Ex Situ Studies

A systematic study on electrochemical charge transfer in Li-doped black phosphorus (BP) was carried out by both in situ and ex situ Raman scattering. Galvanostatic discharge of dedicated in situ el...
HEDGES error-correcting code for DNA storage corrects indels and allows sequence constraints

Synthetic DNA is rapidly emerging as a durable, high-density information storage platform. A major challenge for DNA-based information encoding strategies is the high rate of errors that arise during DNA synthesis and sequencing. Here, we describe the HEDGES (Hash Encoded, Decoded by Greedy Exhaustive Search) error-correcting code that repairs all three basic types of DNA errors: insertions, deletions, and substitutions. HEDGES also converts unresolved or compound errors into substitutions, restoring synchronization for correction via a standard Reed-Solomon outer code that is interleaved across strands. Moreover, HEDGES can incorporate a broad class of user-defined sequence constraints, such as avoiding excess repeats, or too high or too low windowed guanine-cytosine (GC) content. We test our code both via in silico simulations and with synthesized DNA. From its measured performance, we develop a statistical model applicable to much larger datasets. Predicted performance indicates the possibility of error-free recovery of petabyte- and exabyte-scale data from DNA degraded with as much as 10% errors. As the cost of DNA synthesis and sequencing continues to drop, we anticipate that HEDGES will find applications in large-scale error-free information encoding.
Mechanical thrombectomy in isolated large vessel posterior cerebral artery occlusions

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) in posterior circulation large vessel occlusion (LVO), including posterior cerebral artery (PCA), has not been validated since all five major MT trials excluded such patients. To evaluate the feasibility and preliminary safety and efficacy of MT in isolated PCA occlusion stroke patients with new-generation MT devices. Endovascularly treated acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients were identified from a prospectively collected database and their baseline characteristics were noted. Clinical outcomes were angiographic recanalization, a favorable clinical outcome at 3 months on modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and visual field (VF) deficit improvement on confrontation test, rate of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and mortality at 3 months. A total of 355 AIS patients underwent MT from January 2018 to December 2019. Isolated PCA MT was performed in 15 consecutive patients. The mean age was 64 ± 17 years, and 9(60%) were women. Median presentation NIHSS was 9 (interquartile range 5–15). MT devices used were stent retrievers in 6 patients and combined aspiration and stent retriever in 9 patients. Complete revascularization (TICI 2c or 3) was achieved in 12/15 patients. 3-month VF normalization was seen in 7/12 of the patients. Post-procedure symptomatic ICH occurred in 1/15 of patients. mRS score of 0–2 was achieved in 9/15 of patients but one patient was dead at 3 months post procedure. MT is feasible and can achieve successful reperfusion in isolated PCA occlusions and resulted in favorable motor and visual outcomes in this small series of ischemic stroke patients.
Shareholder Activism and CEO Pay

We study 134 vote-no campaigns and 1,198 shareholder proposals related to executive pay between 1997 and 2007. Union pension funds sponsor most of these initiatives, yet their targeting criteria do not appear to reflect labor-related motives. Shareholders favor proposals related to the pay-setting process (e.g., subject severance pay to shareholder approval) over proposals that micromanage pay level or structure. While activists target firms with high CEO pay (whether excessive or not), voting support is higher only at firms with excess CEO pay. Firms with excess CEO pay targeted by vote-no campaigns experience a significant reduction in CEO pay ($7.3 million). Our findings contribute to the debate on “say on pay” and other reforms empowering shareholders. (JEL G34, M12, G23, J50)
State Sponsored Social Control of Illegitimate Social Movements: Strategies Used to Financially Damage Radical-Islamic, Terrorist-Labeled Organizations

This article documents strategies and tactics of social control used by the U.S. government to detect and deter financing of radical Islamic, terrorist-labeled organizations. Through grounded theory, social control strategies were identified based on data from congressional committee hearings from 1999 to 2011. Findings revealed the presence of nine such strategies: (1) discover sources of funding, (2) deny or restrict access to money, (3) establish information networks and communication norms, (4) create derogatory labels, (5) influence the media, (6) impose legal sanctions, (7) offer financial incentives, (8) construct a shared collective identity, and (9) force terrorist-labeled organizations on the defensive.
Obesity and Work-Related Injuries Among Farmers in Kentucky, Tennessee, and West Virginia.

BackgroundObesity is a recognized risk factor for work-related injuries (WRI). Despite the inherent safety hazards associated with farm work, research on obesity among farmers is limited giving lit...
Rapid synaptic plasticity contributes to a learned conjunctive code of position and choice-related information in the hippocampus

To successfully perform goal-directed navigation, animals must know where they are and what they are doing-e.g., looking for water, bringing food back to the nest, or escaping from a predator. Hippocampal neurons code for these critical variables conjunctively, but little is known about how this "where/what" code is formed or flexibly routed to other brain regions. To address these questions, we performed intracellular whole-cell recordings in mouse CA1 during a cued, two-choice virtual navigation task. We demonstrate that plateau potentials in CA1 pyramidal neurons rapidly strengthen synaptic inputs carrying conjunctive information about position and choice. Plasticity-induced response fields were modulated by cues only in animals previously trained to collect rewards based on available cues. Thus, we reveal that gradual learning is required for the formation of a conjunctive population code, upstream of CA1, while plateau-potential-induced synaptic plasticity in CA1 enables flexible routing of the code to downstream brain regions.
Randomized Phase II Study of DCE-MRI-Based Dose Escalation for Poor-Prognosis Head and Neck Cancer.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Loco-regional failure accounts for the majority of failures in loco-regionally advanced head and neck cancer (HNC). We have previously shown that poor perfusion on DCE-MRI in HNC was associated with worse LRC and OS. A prospective randomized multi-center clinical trial was designed to evaluate the role of DCE-MRI based RT dose escalation in poor prognosis HNC. MATERIALS/METHODS Eligibility included 1) AJCC 8 stage III p16+ OPSCC or 2) T3-4 or N3 p16- oropharynx/non-oropharynx HNSCC planned for definitive chemoradiation, ECOG 0-2, with concurrent weekly cisplatin 40mg/m2 or carboplatin (AUC = 2) for cisplatin ineligibility. FDG-PET and DCE-MRI were acquired at baseline and at fraction 10. BV was derived from DCE-MRI 1cc low BV/ADC persistent tumor subvolume (GTVboost) at fraction 10 were randomized to total dose of 70Gy (arm A) or 80Gy (86Gy EQD2) total dose to GTVboost subvolume (arm B). The primary endpoint of DFS and secondary endpoints including LRC and OS were compared between treatment arms using stratified log-rank tests. Acute and late toxicities were compared with Chi-squared test. EORTC QLQ30/HN35 PROs, VFSS endpoints, HPV DNA kinetics were also analyzed. RESULTS All patients included in this analysis (N = 91) completed definitive therapy with min 12 mo and mean 32 mo follow-up. Treatment arms were balanced with respect to sex, p16+ status, smoking status, ECOG status, and chemotherapy. Mean age was higher in arm B (P = 0.01). Disease sites included 62% p16(+) AJCC 8 stage 3 oropharynx cancer. Randomization was stratified by GTVtotal (≥ 56cc) and GTV boost (> 10cc). Mean GTVtotal was 91cc in p16+ OPSCC and 67 cc in p16- OPSCC/non-OPSCC. Mean GTVboost was 15cc. 12 pts (7 p16+ OPSCC) were not randomized due to < 1cc persistent boostable tumor subvolume and were treated on an observation arm with LRC 83% and OS of 83% at 2 years. Treatment outcomes for randomized patients listed in Table 1. In a subgroup analysis of p16+ OPSCC patients, LRC was improved in the boost arm 93% vs 73% (2-sided P = 0.088). All local failures occurred within the 70Gy isodose line. Grade 3+ toxicities occurred in 53% (arm A) vs 64% (arm B) (P = 0.33). Feeding tube (FT) rate at 3 months was 15% (arm A) vs 27% (arm B) (P = .17) with no FT at 12 months post RT. There were 2 early deaths in arm B related to lingual arterial bleeding, 1 at 3 months and 1 at 12 mo post RT. CONCLUSION LRC improvement was numerically but not significantly improved with DCE-MRI directed boost for all randomized patients and p16+ oropharynx subgroup; DFS was not improved. Boost volume < 1cc was associated with good prognosis. Grade 3+ toxicities and 3 mo FT use were non-significantly higher in Arm B. Table 1. Outcomes according to treatment arm for randomized patients.
Investigation and On-Board Detection of Gate-Open Failure in SiC MOSFETs

Gate-open failures in power semiconductors occur when the gate-bond wire cracks or lifts-off leading to loss of gate control. In molded discrete devices, this failure mode may occur intermittently making it very challenging to analyze and detect. In this paper, intermittent gate-open failures are comprehensively investigated in the context of discrete SiC MOSFETs. First, the MOSFETs behavior under various possible gate-open failure scenarios is analyzed in detail through simulations. Several SiC MOSFETs are aged on a DC power cycling setup and gate-open failure mechanism is verified through systematic multi-step failure analysis which includes on-board characterization, non-destructive C-SAM analysis, decapsulation and optical inspection followed by SEM analysis of the failed devices. To understand the potential mechanism behind gateopen failure in SiC MOSFETs, thermo-mechanical FEA analysis is performed on a high-fidelity model which shows interfacial shear stress at gate-bond. Further, a robust on-board technique for reliable cycle-by-cycle detection of gate-open faults is proposed. The proposed technique is experimentally verified for all possible fault scenarios and shown to detect faults in as low as 150ns. It is shown that compared to traditional DESAT protection scheme, the proposed mechanism can prevent potential shoot-through events that may be caused by gate-open failure.
Systems with N Degreesof Freedom

So far, we have restricted our attention (apart from minor digressions) to a system with one degree of freedom, namely, a single particle in one dimension. We now consider the quantum mechanics of systems with N degrees of freedom. The increase in degrees of freedom may be due to an increase in the number of particles, number of spatial dimensions, or both. In this section we consider N particles in one dimension, and start with the case N = 2.
Overcoming Adversity: Resilience Development Strategies for Educational Leaders.

School leadership has never been easy. However, some experts like Garcia (2005) wrote that current school leaders are facing a variety of difficulties that make sustaining school reform efforts exceedingly difficult. Collectively, these modern day challenges have the capacity to form the perfect storm. School leaders need effective strategies to cope with these difficult circumstances and to continue the thrust toward school reform. Effective coping mechanisms and resiliency development strategies that can be used by educational leaders to overcome adversity include a routine of exercise and healthy diet, a positive life view, a sustained focus on building bridges between stakeholders, spiritual renewal, a focus on one's personal mission, a determination to model resilience, and the utilization of supportive professional networks. Resilience development strategies can be effective in helping school leaders to overcome adversity and accomplish organizational objectives.
Nonlinear Coupling of Radiation Pulses to Absorbing Anharmonic Molecular Media

We discuss the nonlinear mutual coupling of radiation and molecules, with emphasis on the effects on radiation pulse propagation. We treat the nonlinear propagation problem numerically, with particular attention to both continuum and discrete behavior associated with the quasi-continuum model of molecular absorbers.
The Perceived Values of Diversity, Then and Now

This essay, given as the Uri and Caroline Bauer Memorial Lecture at Cardozo Law School, is also a chapter in a forthcoming book, Schuck, Diversity in America: Law's Uneasy Roles. I trace the intellectual history of what I call diversity-as-ideal (as distinct from what I call diversity-as-fact) from Biblical texts to the present. I find that except for a few precursors like Mill, Whitman, and the cultural pluralists Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne, diversity was until the late 1960s viewed as a condition to be managed and perhaps admired, but certainly not a social ideal to be promoted and celebrated, much less a public policy goal to be pursued through law. Even these relatively few diversity visionaries, moreover, did not celebrate it as a universal ideal that included blacks and other racial minorities. Here, as in many other areas, the 1960s marked a fundamental change in the American view of diversity-as-ideal, one whose normative foundations and policy implications remain contested.
Social structure, economic performance and pareto optimality

This paper shows that, if the performance of the economy is independent of the identities of individuals, then many welfare criteria yield sets of optimal social states that are equal to the Pareto optimal set. This result is proved for income distributions and extended to more general social choice problems. If the independence condition holds, then the set of optimal states is invariant to the adoption of an anonymity axiom, and to the utility information available.
Controls Reach-The Hand Reach of Drivers

This report describes a series of three-dimensional boundaries beyond which it is confident that at least 95% of the drivers of the United States population can reach and operate a simple three-finger-grasped control. Consideration is given to a reach task when drivers are restrained by a nonextending shoulder belt and when they are unrestrained. The background data used to develop these boundaries were collected in the SAE Controls Reach Study in June-August 1971 in which over 250 subjects were measured in three test fixtures representing a sports car, passenger car and a heavy truck. Finger-grasped reach was recorded to 40 locations in front of the driver.
A methodology to evaluate process sustainability

Chemical and engineering research over the past several years has seen a dramatic increase in activity in the area of green chemisty. As these developments continue, it is reasonable that some of these chemistries or technologies have the potential to be implemented on the plant scale. With this in mind, a new green technology will most certainly have a potential impact on the sustainability of a process. It should also be noted that although a “green” technology may appear environmentally friendly, there currently is no all-inclusive methodology for assessing the actual sustainability of the chemical reaction orprocess. In order to assess a process, a set of sustainability indicators, or metrics, are required. Research within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has laid the foundationfor an indicator model, GREENSCOPE (Gauging Reaction Effectivenessfor the ENvironmental Sustainability of Chemistries with a multiObjective Process Evaluator), that evaluates a particular reaction or process for sustainability in the following areas: Environment,Energy, Efficiency, and Economics. These four Es provide a quantitative definition of process sustainability, and allow for a direct comparison between two similar processes with differing reaction chemistries or process technologies. These aspects of sustainable chemical research will also be of importance as bench processes are scaled up to sustainable industrial processes.
Blood Changes in Experimental Primates Fed Purified Diets: Pyridoxine and Riboflavin Deficiency

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses some normal values of two primate species, Cebus and chimpanzee, describes the trend of these measurements with growth over long periods with maintenance on purified diets, and discusses the responses of Cebus monkeys that are made either pyridoxine- or riboflavin-deficient to emphasize the contrast in hematological responses. It is clear that chimpanzees can be kept in good health indefinitely on purified diets. Pyridoxine deficiency causes a profound microcytic, hypochromic anemia in Cebus monkeys with nonspecific but dramatic skin changes. A mild choline deficiency with associated fatty infiltration of the liver appears with the pyridoxine deficiency and causes an overriding macrocytosis, illustrating the complexity of characterizing the causation of nutritionally associated anemias in human beings eating far more complicated diets. Riboflavin deficiency in Cebus monkeys, as in dogs, may lead to sudden death with little forewarning and ought to be undertaken with great care in human beings. Riboflavin deficiency is associated with either no anemia or a mild polycythemia.
A Stepped Nonlinear Solver for Nonlinear Magnetic Materials With Hysteresis

A stepped nonlinear solution method based on differential susceptibility is presented for the quasi-magnetostatic analysis of nonlinear magnetic materials. The stepped solver is applicable to hysteretic materials and supports a permanent magnetization. A locally corrected Nystrom discretization of the magnetostatic volume integral equation is used to implement the stepped solver. Characterization of the stepped solver is performed using various magnetic material models which support hysteresis. Solver accuracy is validated using Team Workshop Problem 13, analytic results of a magnetic sphere with hysteresis, and against measured data for a hollow steel pipe.
Privacy as an operating system service

The issue of electronic privacy has of late attracted considerable attention. The proliferation of Internet services and, perhaps unavoidably, Internet crime, in conjunction with expanded government monitoring of communications has caused irreparable damage to the basic definition of privacy (the state or condition of being free from unwanted surveillance). Implementing privacy in personal computer systems has traditionally been the domain of the paranoid computer specialist. In order for basic privacy to become pervasive among the non-technical user base, we believe that it must imitate the usage of other successful security (and other) services. Services like filesystem encryption, email and web security are successful because they are invisible to the user. Other services (not related to security) such as backups, networking, file searching, etc., also gain traction by being well integrated with the user's operating environment. In most cases, this means embedding such services in the OS. In this work, we propose a new paradigm for implementing privacy, as an operating system service. We believe that privacy, similarly to other security services, is a service that has cross-application appeal and must therefore be centrally positioned.