cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling the future of sand beaches

Sand beaches are associated with sea level stillstands and may occur when waves have cut sufficiently wide shore platforms for them to repose upon. During the present near-stillstand lasting over the past 5000 years, waves have cut wide platforms, and wherever sufficient sand is available, beaches have formed along the world's coastlines. Global warming causes sea level to rise and there is good evidence that the present near-stillstand is being terminated and replaced by much higher rates of sea level rise. Models show that during rapid sea level rise the future of sand beaches largely depends upon the rate of development of new wave-cut platforms, a process that proceeds at much faster rates on gently sloping coasts than on steep coasts backed by sea cliffs. Sand beaches on gently sloping coasts such as the U.S. east coast will survive by washover and inland migration. Along steep coasts backed by sea cliffs, such as the U.S. west coast, sea level rise will more likely result in drowned platforms with cliffs plunging to the sea and a loss of sand beaches.
Reliable water supply by reusing wastewater after membrane treatment

Abstract Wastewater reuse is a very reliable source of water supply for water short areas. Integrated membrane systems (IMS), microfiltration or ultrafiltration followed by reverse osmosis (RO), are frequently used for these applications to reliably produce high quality water for aquifer recharge, industrial uses, and irrigation. The reused water can guard against water shortages caused by droughts or increased potable-water usage, especially by supplying industry with high quality water for non-potable uses. Reuse treatment with IMS has many cost advantages over desalination because of the much lower dissolved solids concentrations in most wastewater flows. Experience with IMS for wastewater reuse in Australia, Mexico and the USA will be summarized in terms of operating parameters and water quality. The performance of the IMS systems will be evaluated based on overall recovery, treated water quality, reliability of the membrane systems, flexibility to handle changing feed water quality, ease of operation, and costs. The projects for evaluation include the use and capacity of: municipal wastewaters for industrial processes in Brisbane, Australia and San Diego, CA, USA and for aquifer recharge in Orange County, CA, USA; industrial wastewaters for industrial processes in Panel Rey, Mexico, and wastewaters from electronics manufacturing for aquifer recharge in Chandler, AZ, USA. A case history of each installation, including pilot testing results prior to procuring the system, will be provided to support the performance evaluation. For example, operating experience extensive pilot testing at Orange County, CA have shown that MF/UF pretreatment increases RO flux by 20% while lowering overall operating costs by 40%. Significantly longer chemical cleaning intervals for the RO system when using MF pretreatment were observed at Orange County and Chandler. Design criteria and capital and operating costs for each system will be summarized.
Effects of response eccentricity and relative position on orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility with joystick and keypress responses.

When unimanual leftright movement responses are made to updown stimuli, performance is better with the upright/downleft mapping when responding in the right hemispace and with the upleft/downright mapping when responding in the left hemispace. We evaluated whether this response eccentricity effect is explained best in terms of rotational properties of the hand (the end-state comfort hypothesis) or asymmetric coding of the stimulus and response alternatives (the salient features coding hypothesis). Experiment 1 showed that bimanual keypresses yield a response eccentricity effect similar to that obtained with unimanual movement responses. In Experiment 2, an inactive response apparatus was placed to the left or right of the active response apparatus to provide a referent. For half of the participants, the active and inactive apparatuses were joysticks, and for half they were response boxes with keys. For both response types, an upright/downleft advantage was evident when the relative position of the...
Reno-colic fistula following primary repair of the colon: case report.

Reno-colic fistula is a rare entity that to our knowledge has not previously been reported as a complication of penetrating abdominal trauma. We report a case of reno-colic fistula complicating primary repair of a colonic wound from a gunshot to the abdomen. Causes of previously reported reno-colic fistulas include primary renal and colonic pathologic states involving infectious, malignant, or other inflammatory processes. The occurrence of this complication may have been related to the primary repair of the colon. Although recent reports support primary colonic repair, perhaps renal injuries deserve special consideration when patients are evaluated for primary versus staged repair of penetrating colon injuries
A Silicon Testing Strategy for Pulse-Width Failures

With the increasing clock frequencies to multiple Gigahertz and increasing need to achieve it at lower voltages for keeping operating power lower, frequency of operation is not only limited by the data path delay scaling but also by the behavior of clock signals. Failures induced by violation of minimum clock pulse width required, at higher frequencies is more commonly seen due to increased operating frequencies and usage of voltage scaling techniques for achieving higher frequencies [1]. Silicon failures caused by minimum pulse width violation due to clock shrinkage can be due to variety of reasons right from duty cycle distortion at clock generator (PLL) to clock pulse distortion due to slew degradation along the clock path. In this paper authors discuss different techniques that enable us to minimize pulse width failures as the mechanism that limit the frequency of operation of the device. In this paper we propose a simple and novel technique to detect and diagnose pulse width failures. Silicon results from 40nm multi-million gate industrial SoC is presented to indicate the effects of pulse width degradation on performance of the device and to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed pattern generation technique.
Bridging science to practice: achieving prevention program implementation fidelity in the community youth development study.

This paper describes the development, application, and results of an implementation monitoring component of the Communities That Care (CTC) prevention framework used in the Community Youth Development Study (CYDS) to ensure high-fidelity prevention program implementation. This system was created based on research that community-based implementation of evidence-based prevention programs often includes adaptations in program design, content, or manner of delivery (Gottfredson and Gottfredson, Journal of research in crime and delinquency, 39, 3–35, 2002; Hallfors and Godette, Health Education Research, 17, 461–470, 2002; Wandersman and Florin, American Psychologist, 58, 441–448, 2003). A lack of fidelity to the implementation standards delineated by program designers is one indicator of a gap between prevention science and practice which can lessen the likelihood that communities will realize the positive participant effects demonstrated in research trials. By using the CTC model to select and monitor the quality of prevention activities, the 12 CYDS communities replicated 13 prevention programs with high rates of adherence to the programs’ core components and in accordance with dosage requirements regarding the number, length, and frequency of sessions. This success indicates the potential of the CTC program implementation monitoring system to enhance community Prevention Delivery Systems (Wandersman et al. American Journal of Community Psychology, this issue) and improve the likelihood of desired participant changes.
Designing and implementing a comprehensive assessment plan for a graduate accounting programme

Abstract Accounting programmes are being challenged (e.g. Albrecht and Sack, 2000) to make accounting curricula more relevant and to present assessment data regarding the efficacy of course and curricular offerings. In addition, assessment is embedded in current accreditation standards in the USA by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) International as fundamentally important to motivating continuous improvement (AACSB 2005). However, survey results in this area (viz., Kimmel et al., 1998, Issues in Accounting Education, 13(4), pp. 851–868 and Calderon et al., 2003, Best Practices in Accounting Program Assessment, Sarasota, FL: Teaching and Curriculum Section, American Accounting Association) indicate that assessment is not as widespread as might be expected. Further, Akers et al. (1997 Issues in Accounting Education, 12(2), pp. 259–280) note that the accounting education literature is limited with respect to descriptive accounts of assessment programme design and implementati...
Liberals, the progressive left, and the political economy of postwar American science: the National Science Foundation debate revisited.

Apres la seconde guerre mondiale, on observe, aux Etats-Unis, une relation entre la science et la politique a la Fondation Scientifique Nationale, combinant a la fois des scientifiques liberaux et de droite
Quark fields in twisted reduced large N QCD

We show how to introduce fundamental representation fields in twisted, reduced large N models by incorporating an infinite number of flavors. We present a reduced model which is equivalent to the leading term in a Veneziano expansion of QCD. We discuss why it is not possible to obtain a twisted model in which quark loops are suppressed.
Female sexual behavior following intracerebral infusion of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-OH-DPAT, into the medial preoptic area

The effects of intracerebral infusions of the 5-HT1A agonist, 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT), on sexual behaviors of intact, proestrous rats were examined. When administered into either the rostral or the caudal portions of the medial preoptic area (mPOA), bilateral infusions of 200, 500, or 2,000 ng of 8-OH-DPAT reduced lordosis behavior (e.g. the lordosis/mount ratio; L/M) and increased the female's resistance to the male's attempts to mount. Infusions within the mid-rostrocaudal mPOA failed to suppress lordosis behavior but were as effective as the rostral or caudal infusions in the elicitation of resistive behavior. A reduction in the L/M ratio was usually accompanied by a slight decline in the quality of the lordosis reflex; proceptivity, as evidenced by the occurrence of hopping and darting behavior, was not consistently reduced by 8-OH-DPAT. In fact, 4 out of 7 rats that received mid-rostrocaudal infusions of 8-OH-DPAT showed a "frenzied" accentuation of hopping and darting behavior. These results suggest that 5-HT1A receptors in the mPOA play an important role in several components of female sexual behavior. The identification of a rostral and caudal location of mPOA sites where 8-OH-DPAT suppressed lordosis behavior is consistent with the organization of 5-HT fibers in the mPOA and with ventromedial hypothalamic (VMN) input into the mPOA.
Endocrine consequences of anorexia nervosa.

Summary Anorexia nervosa is prevalent in adolescents and young adults, and endocrine changes include hypothalamic amenorrhoea; a nutritionally acquired growth-hormone resistance leading to low concentrations of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1); relative hypercortisolaemia; decreases in leptin, insulin, amylin, and incretins; and increases in ghrelin, peptide YY, and adiponectin. These changes in turn have harmful effects on bone and might affect neurocognition, anxiety, depression, and the psychopathology of anorexia nervosa. Low bone-mineral density (BMD) is particularly concerning, because it is associated with changes in bone microarchitecture, strength, and clinical fractures. Recovery leads to improvements in many—but not all—hormonal changes, and deficits in bone accrual can persist. Oestrogen-replacement therapy, primarily via the transdermal route, increases BMD in adolescents, although catch-up is incomplete. In adults, oral oestrogen—combined with recombinant human IGF-1 in one study and bisphosphonates in another—increased BMD, but not to the normal range. More studies are necessary to investigate the optimum therapeutic approach in patients with, or recovering from, anorexia nervosa.
Dielectric evidence of molecular rotation in solids

Abstract Measurements of dielectric constant as a function of temperature give clear evidence of molecular rotation in many crystalline phases comparable to the rotation in liquids and in a few organic glasses which have been studied. The effect of molecular shape upon rotation is examined, it being shown that spheroidal and cylindrical molecules may rotate. The rotation may be presumed usually to consist of rotational jumps between potential energy minima. Rotational freedom depends upon the closeness of the approach to one of the ratios of the molecular radii in different directions, but is influenced by the closeness of the molecular packing. Many solids which show a rotational transition point are soft, waxy, and translucent in this rotator phase between the transition point and the melting-point and brittle below the transition point. A number of solids which show anomalous dielectric dispersion like that found in liquids and organic glasses, but no rotational transition, are brittle. It appears that plasticity may result from the increase in volume per molecule occurring when slightly unsymmetrical molecules begin to rotate at a transition point. Dielectric relaxation measurements show that the internal friction resisting molecular rotation in the crystal is, in some cases, about the same as in the liquid state, and, in some cases, much less.
Luminescent Silicon Nanoparticles Capped by Conductive Polyaniline through the Self-Assembly Method

Graft polymerization has been used, for the first time, to prepare a dense conductive polymer coating on free-standing luminescent silicon nanoparticles. The silicon nanoparticles maintained their photoluminescence and crystallinity after surface modification. The nanoparticles were first surface hydroxylated and then reacted with (3-bromopropyl)trichlorosilane to form a dense bromopropylsilane monolayer. This was further reacted with aniline, which displaced the bromine atoms. The surface-bound aniline molecules were then used as active sites for the graft polymerization of polyaniline (PANI). The composition, structure, morphology, and other physical properties of the PANI-capped Si nanoparticles were examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The silane self-assembled monolayer effectively protected the silicon particles against photoluminescence quenching and degradation in basic solutions that rapidly...
Getting Beyond Easy Dichotomies: Thinking Otherwise about ICT and ethics

My first experience with David Gunkel’s writing came when I took one of his courses as a first-year master’s student at Northern Illinois University. Gunkel’s Hacking Cyberspace (2001) posed many of the same challenges and rewards to me then as Thinking Otherwise does now. In Thinking Otherwise, Gunkel asks his readers to engage topics so ubiquitous to the literature of information and communication technology (ICT) that a cursory review of the table of contents might seem to have little to offer the engaged scholar. Nothing could be further from the true rewards of this text, as it fundamentally challenges not the topics of ICT discussion and debate, but rather the fundamental structure of the debate itself. Chapter by chapter Gunkel carefully reconstructs ancient to contemporary debates around the paradox of books (Chapter 2), the digital divide (Chapter 3), drugs and technology (Chapter 4), The Matrix (Chapter 5), and the question of machine ethics (Chapter 6) in order to show that each is based on an untenable false dichotomy. Gunkel does not collect data, re-hash old arguments, or perform some sort of techno-philosophical meta-analysis. This text is neither a treatise on method in the contemporary sense of the word, nor a handbook for performing analyses ‘‘otherwise.’’ To Gunkel this is ‘‘a qualitatively different way of considering the philosophical dimensions of information and communication technology’’ (p. 4). The text would seem to have limited utility as a textbook. Instead, Thinking Otherwise poses a number of significant challenges for scholars of ICT and ethics, and for students and faculty whose interests lie in the intersections of culture, technology, social responsibility, and ‘‘the other.’’
Morphological Awareness and Learning to Read: A Cross-Language Perspective

In the past decade, there has been a surge of interest in morphological awareness, which refers to the ability to reflect on and manipulate morphemes and word formation rules in a language. This review provides a critical synthesis of empirical studies on this topic from a broad cross-linguistic perspective. Research with children speaking several languages indicates that knowledge of inflectional morphology is acquired before knowledge of derivational morphology and the morphology of compounds, which continue to develop through the elementary school years. Research establishes that morphological awareness contributes to the decoding of morphologically complex words and contributes to the development of reading comprehension, although the relationship is probably reciprocal rather than unidirectional. Morphological awareness becomes an increasingly important predictor of measures of reading as children grow older. Morphological awareness is intertwined with other aspects of metalinguistic awareness and li...
The Closed Forn Solution to the Periodic Core-Conductor Model Using Asymptotic Analysis

The distribution of the transmembrane potential along an infinite strand of cardiac cells generated by a point source under steady-state conditions has been calculated using the asymptotic analysis method. With the intracellular conductivity changing periodically in space, the problem can be treated as dependent upon two variables: the large scale variable x covering the whole strand, and the small scale variable y defined on the unit cell. The solution is given as a two-scale expansion in powers of the period length. Each term of the expansion can be determined by solving the differential equations derived by decomposing the original problem. These equations do not have to be solved simultaneously; moreover, the linearity of the problem allows the separation of the x and y dependence in the higher order terms. The series converges quickly, and for all practical purposes, the solution containing zero-, first-, and second-order terms has a negligible truncation error. The subsequent terms of the solution have the following physiological interpretation: The zero-order term is the solution to the classical core-conductor model obtained by the homogenization of the periodic model, the first-order term acts as the dipole sources located at junctions, and finally, the second-order term resembles the monopole sources arising at junctions.
Is There Anything “New” in Management? A “Rip Van Winkle” Perspective

The article refers to “Is There Anything ‘New’ in Management?,” by Robert M. Fulmer and Daniel A. Wren, and describes the changes that a hypothetical manager, “Rip Van Winkle,” would find after a 40-year sleep. The changes in context and content--or the larger environment and the manager's job--include: socio-environmental trends in social responsibility, occupational safety, and consumerism; and the management-by-objectives theory, which was preceded by “the law of the situation” that was proposed by Mary Parker Follett in the 1920s.
O2 concentrations in dense primitive atmospheres: commentary

Now that astronomers are, I understand, on the verge of detecting extrasolar planets, the question of whether such planets might be inhabited is beginning to be discussed in serious scientific circles. Specifically, astronomers such as Rosenqvist and Chassefiere (see the preceding article) are interested in whether spectroscopic measurements of free O2 in a planet's atmosphere might be used as evidence for life. As such, they have attempted to place constraints on the amount of O2 that might be found in the atmosphere of a lifeless planet or, more specifically, on a planet where oxygenic photosynthesis has not yet been invented. This question can be addressed by photochemical modeling, if one is careful about how one goes about it. The calculations presented here suggest an upper limit of approximately 10 mbar on the O2 partial pressure in a dominantly CO2 atmosphere.
The effective position of the electronic point dipole of the nitroxyl group of spin labels determined by endor spectroscopy

Abstract The effective position of the electronic point dipole of the nitroxyl group of the spin label 2.2,5,5-tetra methyl-l-oxypyrroline-3-carboxamide has been assigned by electron-nuclear double resonance and molecular modeling. From proton ENDOR spectra of the spin label in frozen solutions of perdeuterated dimethyl sulfoxide:chloroform: toluene (50:25: 25 v/v), we have identified the principal hyperfine coupling (hfc) components of the vinylic proton of the pyrrolinyl ring and of the two protons of the carboxamide side chain. The ENDOR-based dipolar He components are in excellent agreement with calculation when they are evaluated for each of the vinyl and carboxamide protons as the sum of two separate interactions with the nitroxyl nitrogen and oxygen atoms, weighted according to their respective EPR-assigned spin densities. Within experimental error, the corresponding electron-proton vectors belonging to the vinylic and the two carboxamide protons intersect on the NO bond. This intersection point is shown to be identical to that calculated as the effective position of the unpaired electron as a point dipole along the NO bond according to the EPR-determined fractional spin density associated with the nitrogen atom of the nitroxyl group.
Electron scattering from complex nuclei

Abstract Selected results for electron scattering from complex nuclei are reviewed. Topics include ground state charge densities, charge densities of deformed nuclei, elastic magnetic scattering, magnetic excitation of high spin states, magnetic excitation of rotational states, quasi-elastic scattering and examples of the synthesis of electromagnetic and hadronic data.
Taxonomies of SOFC material and manufacturing alternatives

Material and manufacturing alternatives for solid oxide fuel cells are listed and analyzed. Specifically, four categories of anode materials, five categories of cathode materials, four categories of electrolytes, and three categories of interconnect materials are presented. Design considerations including operating temperatures and compatibilities among stack materials are also highlighted. Similarly, stack manufacturing options are separated into seven categories and developed into process sequences based on the number and type of firing steps. This work is intended to facilitate material and manufacturing assessments through the consideration of the variety of alternatives prior to capital investment for wide-scale production.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma of the trachea

Objective: Primary tracheal tumors are rare, occurring in 0.2 per 100,000 persons per year. Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is the second most common histologic type of tracheal malignancy. Its clinical behavior is different from the other tracheal neoplasms and thus should be studied separately. Study Design/Methods: Retrospective review of the medical records of six patients with tracheal ACC who were treated at University Hospitals of Cleveland between 1971 and 1996 and literature review. Results/Conclusion: Tracheal ACC is an indolent tumor that affects people at any age but has a peak incidence in the fifth decade. There is a nearly equal male-to-female ratio. Almost half of tracheal ACCs occur in the proximal trachea, accounting for the most common presenting symptoms: dyspnea, cough, and hoarseness. Because of the hoarseness, patients are often referred to an otolaryngologist. Complete resection provides the best chance for increased survival. Neutron beam radiotherapy holds promise for adjuvant therapy. Key Words: Tracheal neoplasm, adenoid cystic carcinoma, hoarseness.
Changes in membrane conductances and areas associated with bicarbonate secretion in turtle bladder.

Transepithelial impedance-analysis studies were performed in turtle bladder epithelium in order to measure changes in the different epithelial membranes resulting from stimulation of electrogenic bicarbonate secretion. Changes in membrane conductance relate to changes in ionic permeability, whereas changes in membrane capacitance relate to changes in membrane area, since most biological membranes exhibit a specific capacitance of ∼1 μF/cm2. The results of this investigation are summarized as follows: (i) cAMP and carbachol, agents which have been shown previously to stimulate electrogenic bicarbonate secretion, result in increases in apical-membrane conductance and capacitance; (ii) these changes occur concomitantly with the observed change in transport (measured using the short-circuit-current technique), thereby suggesting that bicarbonate secretion may be regulated in part by changes in the chloride conductance of the apical membrane; (iii) the increase in conductance does not reflect an increase in the membrane's specific conductance, thereby indicating that it results from the addition of membrane possessing similar ionic permeability as the existing apical membrane; (iv) the magnitude of the changes in capacitance indicate that a minor cell population (β-type carbonic-anhydrase-rich cells) increase their apical-membrane area by several-fold; (v) a lack of transport-associated changes in the basolateral-membrane parameters suggest that transport is not regulated by alterations in basolateral-membrane ionic conductance or area; (vi) a lack of colchicine sensitivity, coupled with the magnitude of the changes in apical-membrane capacitance, indicate that the membrane remodeling processes are different from those involved in the regulation of proton secretion in a different cell population (α-type carbonic-anhydrase-rich cells).
Active plasmonic structures and metamaterials

Plasmonics has provided nanoscience researchers new control of optical dispersion and light localization at nanoscale dimensions. I will discuss plasmonic concepts that are yielding metamaterials designs and building blocks for chip-based optical device technology.
A model of peak production in oil fields

We developed a model for oil production on the basis of simple physical considerations. The model provides a basic understanding of Hubbert’s empirical observation that the production rate for an oil-producing region reaches its maximum when approximately half the recoverable oil has been produced. According to the model, the oil production rate at a large field must peak before drilling peaks. We use the model to investigate the effects of several drilling strategies on oil production. Despite the model’s simplicity, predictions for the timing and magnitude of peak production match data on oil production from major oil fields throughout the world.
Does early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs predict subsequent prescription drug abuse and dependence? Results from a national study.

Aims The present study examined the associations between early onset of non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) (i.e. sedatives, tranquilizers, opioids, stimulants) and the development of prescription drug abuse and dependence in the United States. Design Data were collected from structured diagnostic interviews using the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) Alcohol Use Disorder and Associated Disabilities Interview Schedule: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual version IV (DSM-IV). Setting National prevalence estimates were derived from the 2001–2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC, n = 43 093). Participants A nationally representative cross-sectional sample of civilian non-institutionalized adults aged 18 years or older in the United States, of whom 52% were women, 71% white, 12% Hispanic, 11% African American, 4% Asian and 2% Native American or of other racial background. Findings A higher percentage of individuals who began using prescription drugs non-medically at or before 13 years of age were found to have developed prescription drug abuse and dependence versus those individuals who began using at or after 21 years of age. Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that the odds of developing any life-time prescription drug abuse among non-medical users was reduced by approximately 5% with each year non-medical use was delayed [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.94, 0.97], and that the odds of developing any life-time prescription drug dependence were reduced by about 2% with each year onset was delayed (AOR = 0.98, 95% CI = 0.96, 1.00) when controlling for relevant covariates. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that early onset of NMUPD was a significant predictor of prescription drug abuse and dependence. These findings reinforce the importance of developing prevention efforts to reduce NMUPD and diversion of prescription drugs among children and adolescents.
Studies in the System Li2O–Al2O3–Fe2O3‐H2O

Subsolidus equilibrium relations in a portion of the system Li2O-Fe2O3-Al2O3 in the temperature range 500° to 1400°C. have been determined near po2= 0.21. Of particular interest in this system is the LiFe5O8-LiAl5O8 join, which shows complete solid solution above 1180°C. Below this temperature the solid solution exsolves into two spinel phases. At 600°C. approximately 15 mole % of each compound is soluble in the other. The high-temperature solid solution and the low-temperature exsolution dome extend into the ternary system from the 1:5 join. There is no appreciable crystalline solubility of LiFeO2 or of α-Fe2O3 in LiFe5O8. An attempt to confirm HFe5O8 as the correct formulation of the magnetic ferric oxide “γ-Fe2O3” was inconclusive, but in the absence of positive evidence, the retention of γ-Fe2O3 is recommended. All the metallic oxides of the Group IV elements increase the temperature of the monotropic conversion of -γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3. Silica and thoria have a greater effect on this conversion than does titania or zirconia.
Consistency of a method of moments estimator based on numerical solutions to asset pricing models

This paper considers the properties of estimators based on numerical solutions to a class of economic models. In particular, the numerical methods discussed are those applied in the solution of linear integral equations, specifically Fredholm equations of the second kind. These integral equations arise out of economic models in which endogenous variables appear linearly in the Euler equations, but for which easily characterized solutions do not exist. Tauchen and Hussey [24] have proposed the use of these methods in the solution of the consumption-based asset pricing model. In this paper, these methods are used to construct method of moments estimators where the population moments implied by a model are approximated by the population moments of numerical solutions. These estimators are shown to be consistent if the accuracy of the approximation is increased with the sample size. This result depends on the solution method having the property that the moments of the approximate solutions converge uniformly in the model parameters to the moments of the true solutions.
Criticism and Interpretation: Teaching the Persuasive Aspects of Research Articles

Research articles are an excellent tool for promoting active learning about the scientific process. One difficulty in teaching research articles is that they address a professional audience and oft...
The feasibility of magnetic field reduction by phase relationship optimization in cable systems

This paper investigates the feasibility of magnetic fields reduction by optimization of phase relationships in a multi-circuit underground power cable system, carrying unbalanced loads. A novel algorithm was developed for fast calculation of the multi-circuit power cable system-generated magnetic field. The unbalanced load was modeled by random selection of phase current values. A computer code was written to calculate the statistical distribution of the magnetic field above the cables on the ground level. The program calculates the maximum magnetic field for different phase relationships and selects the optimum phase relationship. Several multi-circuit power cable systems used by electric utilities have been analyzed. The results show that the optimization of phase relationships effectively reduces the magnetic field for power cable systems with both single and multi-point grounded sheaths in spite of the load unbalance.
Arterial stiffness and interdialytic weight gain influence ambulatory blood pressure patterns in hemodialysis patients

Besides an overall increase in blood pressure, hemodialysis patients have marked disturbance in interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure pattern that is characterized by blunted circadian amplitude and a steady rise in blood pressure between dialysis treatments. The pathophysiology of this abnormal blood pressure profile is poorly understood. We hypothesized that the circadian amplitude, the interdialytic increase (linear trend), and the average level of blood pressure (the intercept) are related to the extent of arterial stiffening and the degree of accumulation of salt and water between dialysis treatments. Using a generalized cosinor model, we simultaneously compared the impact of interdialytic weight gain and echo-Doppler-measured aortic pulse wave velocity on the mean level of blood pressure, linear changes over the interdialytic interval, and oscillatory changes in blood pressure. In a cross-sectional analysis of 11,833 blood pressure measurements from 125 long-term hemodialysis patients, we found that aortic pulse wave velocity and interdialytic weight gain had a substantial impact on interdialytic ambulatory blood pressure level, trends, and rhythms. Arterial stiffness was associated with an overall increase in the level (intercept) of systolic, diastolic, and pulse pressure. Interdialytic weight gain, on the other hand, was associated with interdialytic increase (linear trend) in blood pressure. The circadian amplitude was blunted by increments in either arterial stiffness or interdialytic weight gain. Since patterns of ambulatory arterial blood pressure are related to cardiovascular risk factors such as interdialytic weight gain and increased arterial stiffness, the pattern of ambulatory blood pressure recordings may also be of prognostic significance in hemodialysis patients.
Cardiovascular Effects of Mechanical Ventilation and Weaning

Because of their anatomic position in the closed thoracic cavity, the heart and lungs interact during each ventilation cycle. The application of mechanical ventilation and subsequent removal changes normal ventilatory mechanics and produces alterations in cardiac preload and afterload that influence global hemodynamic state and delivery of oxygen and nutrients. Adverse cardiovascular responses to mechanical ventilation and weaning from ventilation include hemodynamic alterations and instability, myocardial ischemia, autonomic dysfunction, and cardiac dysrhythmias. Clinicians must have a clear understanding of the cardiovascular effects of mechanical ventilation and weaning so they may anticipate, recognize, and effectively manage negative effects and improve patient outcomes.
The ethics of placebo treatments in clinical practice: a reply to Glackin

In ‘Placebo treatments, informed consent, and “the grip of a false picture”’ Shane Nicholas Glackin argues that if a physician offers a patient an inert placebo with the following disclosure, this is compatible with informed consent and is not deceptive: ‘I would like to offer you a pill which I believe can help lessen your suffering. I do not know exactly how it works. I have other pills to offer whose mechanism is clearer, but I am not sure that they will work better for you, and they may also entail more serious side effects’. According to Glackin, telling patients that the recommended treatment is an inert placebo is providing incidental information, analogous to telling a patient the chemical details of an active drug. He argues that this information would influence a patient9s decision only if she was ‘in the grip of a false picture’ that inert drugs do not have physical effects on patients’ bodies. We contend that this disclosure typically is incompatible with informed consent and typically is deceptive. We give an example of a transparent placebo disclosure, that is, a disclosure that is compatible with informed consent and is not deceptive.
Comparison of the stability of split and intact gabapentin tablets.

The purpose of this study was to determine the stability differences between split and intact gabapentin tablets. Gabapentin tablets from three different manufacturers (G1, G2 and G3) were tested for a period of 9 weeks under long-term (25 °C/60% RH) and intermediate stability (30 °C/60% RH) storage conditions after storage in closed amber pharmacy dispensing containers. Samples were analyzed for dissolution and potency using validated HPLC methods. Potency test also included the quantitation of gabapentin's main degradation product. Tablets from all manufacturers and at all time points had potency >90%. At 9 weeks, a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.02) in gabapentin potency was observed for the whole and split G2 and G3 tablets under the intermediate storage conditions. At the end of 9 weeks, all samples also showed slightly higher levels of degradation product which was statistically significant (p < 0.01) for samples stored under intermediate stability storage conditions and exceeded the proposed USP (PF, 2006) limit for the G3 split and intact tablets. No difference was observed between the potency and dissolution of the intact and the split tablets from the same manufacturer and the three products tested remained stable throughout the study period. The results suggest that splitting of gabapentin tablets did not affect the stability of these particular drug products tested as part of this study when stored under normal storage conditions for a period of up to 9 weeks. However, the results should not be extrapolated to other gabapentin drug products and to other tablet dosage forms.
Acute and chronic effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline mixtures in Ceriodaphnia dubia

Ceriodaphnia dubia were tested to evaluate the acute and chronic interactive effects of diphenhydramine and sertraline. Observed effects were compared with 2 reference toxicity models, the concentration addition model and the independent action model. Results indicate that the 2 drugs exhibit additive toxicity in C. dubia. In some cases, individually sublethal concentrations of the chemicals resulted in 100% mortality when combined, demonstrating the potentially severe impact of trace environmental contaminants. Environ Toxicol Chem 2013;32:2866–2869. © 2013 SETAC
Evidence for an alternative nitrogenase in Heliobacterium gestii

The anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium Heliobacterium gestii grew and fixed dinitrogen in molybdenum-deficient media when either iron or iron plus vanadium were present. Cultures grown on N2 with iron or iron plus vanadium reduced acetylene to both ethylene and ethane; molybdenum-grown cultures did not produce ethane. Cultures of Heliobacterium chlorum and Heliobacillus mobilis were unable to grow and fix dinitrogen in media devoid of molybdenum. It is concluded that H. gestii can synthesize an iron-only alternative nitrogenase under appropriate culture conditions.
Siblings, Peers, and Adults: Differential Effects of Models for Children With Autism

Employing typically developing children and adults as models of appropriate behavior for children with autism and other developmental disabilities has been a common practice for more than four decades, and peer modeling serves as one of the theoretical cornerstones of inclusion and related innovations. In addition to examining adult and peer modeling, this study extends previous modeling research by including a subset of peers—siblings. The authors employed a parallel-treatments single-subject design counterbalanced across stimulus sets and replicated across three participants to extend previous research on the effectiveness of peers, siblings, and adults as models for teaching novel language skills to children with autism spectrum disorder. Participants learned the target skills under all three modeling conditions.
A Visualization Framework for Real Time Decision Making in a Multi-Input Multi-Output System

Human beings have the capacity to make quick and accurate decisions when multiple objectives are involved provided they have access to all the relevant information. Accurate visual measures/decision surfaces (maps) are critical to the effectiveness of this process. This paper introduces a methodology that allows one to create a visual decision making interface for any multi-input multi-output (MIMO) system. In this case, the MIMO is thought of in the broadest sense to include battlefield operations, complex system design, and human support systems (rehabilitation). Our methodology starts with a Bayesian causal network approach to modeling the MIMO system. Various decision making scenarios in a typical MIMO system are presented. This is then followed by a description of the framework that allows for the presentation of the relevant scenario dependent data to the human decision maker (HDM). This presentation is in the form of 3-D surface plots called decision surfaces. Additional decision making tools (norms) are then presented. These norms allow for single value numbers to be presented along with the decision surfaces to better aid the HDM. We then present some applications of the framework to representative MIMO systems. This methodology easily adapts to systems that grow bigger and also when two or more systems are combined to form a larger system.
Linkage of Pemphigus Vulgaris Antibody to the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Healthy Relatives of Patients

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune disease caused by high concentrations of antibody to an epidermal cadherin. The disease is associated with two kinds of HLA-DR4, DQ8 haplotypes dominantly distributed among Jewish patients, and these plus DR6, DQ5 haplotypes in non-Jewish patients. Low levels of the PV antibody were found in 48% of a total of 120 asymptomatic parents, children, and siblings of 31 patients, thus exhibiting dominant inheritance. The inheritance of these low levels of antibody in asymptomatic relatives was linked to the major histocompatibility complex with a highly significant logarithm of the odds score of 9.07, almost always to a DR4 or DR6 haplotype of the patient. Disease appears to occur in susceptible individuals with low levels of antibody when a second factor, either environmental or genetic, induces high levels, sufficient to produce blisters.
The Effects of Teaching Parents to Use Responsive Interaction Strategies

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of parent-implemented responsive interaction on the language and communication skills of preschool children with disabilities. Twelve parents participated in individual training sessions. A multiple baseline design across groups of families was used to evaluate the parents' use of the intervention strategies and the effects of the intervention on the children's language skills. Results indicated that all parents learned to use the procedures in the clinic setting and generalized their use of the procedures to interaction sessions conducted in the home. Although there was variability in child outcomes, positive effects were observed for all children. Maintenance sessions conducted 6 months after the end of training indicated that the parents had maintained their use of the procedures. In addition, changes in child language skills observed during intervention were maintained. All parents indicated that they were highly satisfied with their particip...
A Dynamic Publish-Subscribe Network for Distributed Simulation

Real-time distributed simulation has inspired a considerable amount of networking research due to its importance and difficulty. Previous work has shown that real-time distributed simulations can greatly benefit from the support of routers. Using routers in this way has been challenging in practice, however, because commercial offerings are not sufficiently programmable or configurable to implement this service. We have developed a virtualized, programmable router infrastructure to enable programmers to define their own router functions, including network- level protocols. As one of our earliest system demonstrations, we have designed and are working to implement a network to provide scalable support for real-time distributed simulations.
Aspects of Informalization and Income Distribution in Developing Countries: A Modified Specific Factors Approach

This paper explores aspects of increased informalization in developing countries with the help of a modified specific factors model with a fixed nominal wage in the formal sector, which is assumed to have a "lighthouse" effect on the informal sector wage. Both sectors produce a tradable good each, with informal sector production being embedded in international pro- duction networks. Comparative dynamic exercises that attempt to simulate recent economic developments in many developing countries yield plausible results, and suggest various channels for increased informalization. Contrary to standard sticky wage models, wage suppression in the formal sector leads to informalization. Changes in factor endowments create a conflict of interest between the owners of capital in the two sectors, unlike the canonical specific factors model where the conflict is between the owners of capital and labor. Finally, factors that lead to informalization are also likely to result in greater inequality in income shares between labor and capital even with nominal wages that are fixed and equal between the two sectors. JEL Categories: O17, O24, F11
An Interdisciplinary Certificate in Product Realization: meeting the challenges of industry and the engineering criteria

A steady stream of technological advances and business needs have significantly altered the landscape of engineering education and training in the US. Although development of fundamental analytical skills is still an essential component of instruction, the industrial marketplace demands that graduating engineers learn a diverse range of new and emerging technologies. A crucial area where the knowledge of emerging technology is essential is the design, development, and creation of new products. Traditional engineering curricula are not designed to increase student proficiency in state-of-the-art product creation techniques. Specifically, engineering education has not adequately addressed the essential areas of collaborative design, entrepreneurship, marketing, and state-of-the-art product creation techniques. The University of Pittsburgh has addressed this critical issue with the introduction of an Interdisciplinary Certificate in Product Realization. This paper describes the Certificate and how it focuses on meeting many of the engineering criteria.
Nutrition of Phialophora verrucosa A126.

The quantity of growth and type of sporulation is reported, using 19 carbon and 44 nitrogen sources; but the initial aim of inducton of fertile perithecia inP. verrucosa A126, by altering the amount and types of nutrients, was not realized.