cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ketalizations of aryl ω‐(2‐imidazolyl)alkyl ketones by glycerol and 3‐mercapto‐1,2‐propanediol. synthesis and characterization of cis‐ and trans‐{2‐aryl‐2‐[ω‐(2‐imidazolyl)alkyl](1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl and 1,3‐oxathiolan‐5‐yl)}methanols

Aryl 2-[(2-imidazolyl)ethyl or 3-(2-imidazolyl)propyl]ketones were ketalized by glycerol or 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol in boiling benzene in the presence of 4-toluenesulfonic acid to provide the title compounds. The aryl substituents are 4-chloro-, 4-bromo-, 4-fluoro-, or 2,4-dichlorophenyl. While aryl (2-imidazolyl)methyl ketones condensed with glycerol to form cis- and trans-{2-aryl-2-[(2-imidazolyl)methyl]-4-(hydroxymethyl)}-1,3-dioxolanes, related condensations with 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol, under similar, or even more stringent reaction conditions, produced no 1,3-oxathiolane analogs, with the starting ketones being recovered. Separation and structure determination of these racemic cis and trans isomeric products are described. The structure of these stereoisomers was established by means of 1H and 13C nmr correlation and nOe experiments. Selective methylation of the N-unsubstituted 2-imidazolyl alcohols with one equivalent sodium hydride and methyl iodide provided the corresponding N-methyl alcohols in excellent yields. With excess benzoyl chloride, N-unsubstituted 2-imidazolyl alcohols were initially converted to O, N-dibenzoates from which the N-benzoyl group was easily cleaved by ammonium hydroxide in ethanol to provide benzoate esters.
PRIMUS: EFFECTS of GALAXY ENVIRONMENT on the QUIESCENT FRACTION EVOLUTION at z < 0.8

Author(s): Hahn, C; Blanton, MR; Moustakas, J; Coil, AL; Cool, RJ; Eisenstein, DJ; Skibba, RA; Wong, KC; Zhu, G | Abstract: We investigate the effects of galaxy environment on the evolution of the quiescent fraction (fQ) from z = 0.8 to 0.0 using spectroscopic redshifts and multi-wavelength imaging data from the PRIsm MUlti-object Survey (PRIMUS) and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). Our stellar mass limited galaxy sample consists of ∼14,000 PRIMUS galaxies within z = 0.2-0.8 and ∼64,000 SDSS galaxies within z = 0.05-0.12. We classify the galaxies as quiescent or star-forming (SF) based on an evolving specific star formation cut, and as low or high density environments based on fixed cylindrical aperture environment measurements on a volume-limited environment defining population. For quiescent and SF galaxies in low or high density environments, we examine the evolution of their stellar mass function (SMF). Then using the SMFs we compute fQ (M∗) and quantify its evolution within our redshift range. We find that the quiescent fraction is higher at higher masses and in denser environments. The quiescent fraction rises with cosmic time for all masses and environments. At a fiducial mass of 1010.5 M⊙, from z ∼ 0.7 to 0.1, the quiescent fraction rises by 15% at the lowest environments and by 25% at the highest environments we measure. These results suggest that for a minority of galaxies their cessation of star formation is due to external influences on them. In other words, in the recent universe a substantial fraction of the galaxies that cease forming stars do so due to internal processes.
Polypoid endometriosis: a mimic of malignancy

This an interesting case of an asymptomatic 60-year-old postmenopausal patient with an incidental pelvic mass mimicking a pelvic malignancy on imaging. Biopsy revealed findings consistent with polypoid endometriosis. After discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy, the mass showed decrease in size on follow-up imaging. Polypoid endometriosis is a rare but distinct variant of endometriosis with histopathologic features akin to an endometrial polyp. Clinical and imaging features of polypoid endometriosis differ from classic endometriosis. While classic endometriosis predominates in premenopausal women, polypoid endometriosis more commonly affects peri- to postmenopausal women and is associated with the exposure to Tamoxifen or hormone replacement therapy. Imaging features that aid in the diagnosis of polypoid endometriosis are a T2 hyperintense polypoid mass with signal characteristics similar to endometrium, a T2 hypointense peripheral rim, contrast enhancement pattern mirroring the enhancement of the endometrium, and lack of diffusion restriction. Radiologists should be familiar with polypoid endometriosis because this clinically and morphologically distinct variant may mimic malignant neoplasms on imaging.
Cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with higher concentrations of circulating ceramides in the Framingham Offspring Cohort.

BACKGROUND Ceramides have been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Limited data exist on how habitual dietary intake of foods that can alter hepatic lipid metabolism may influence circulating ceramide concentrations. OBJECTIVES We investigated the cross-sectional association of cumulative sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption with concentrations of 3 circulating ceramides and ceramide ratios. METHODS We examined participants from the Framingham Heart Study's Offspring Cohort who had 3 ceramides measured (n = 1561, mean age 66 y, 59% women). SSB consumption was measured 4 times over ∼14 y. Participants were categorized by cumulative SSB intake as nonconsumers (0 to <1 SSB serving/mo) and occasional (1 SSB serving/mo to <1 serving/wk), frequent (1 SSB serving/wk to <1 serving/d), and daily (≥1 SSB serving/d) consumers. Multivariable linear regression models were used to relate cumulative SSB consumption (independent variable) to blood concentrations of ceramides (C16:0, C22:0, and C24:0) and ceramide ratios (C22:0/C16:0 and C24:0/C16:0). RESULTS In adjusted models, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides (Ptrend < 0.05). Compared with nonconsumers, daily consumers had 0.01 μg/mL (95% CI: 0.002, 0.017 µg/mL) and 0.06 µg/mL (95% CI: 0.018, 0.092 µg/mL) higher mean concentrations of the C16:0 and C22:0 ceramides, respectively. Results were consistent when modeling continuous cumulative SSB consumption per 1 serving/d. We observed effect modification by diabetes status in the relation between cumulative SSB consumption and concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide (Pinteraction = 0.014). In a stratified analysis, more frequent cumulative SSB consumption was positively associated with concentrations of the C24:0 ceramide only in individuals with prediabetes or diabetes (Ptrend = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our study raises the possibility that higher concentrations of distinct ceramide species, previously associated with adverse metabolic health, may be one mechanism by which SSB consumption contributes to higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases.
Leaning on a ledge.

Surface ledges of β-Ga2O3 (100) substrates guide the unidirectional nucleation and growth of transition metal dichalcogenides, achieving centimetre-long, single-crystalline and densely aligned nanoribbons in wafer scale.
Resolution of hyperthyroidism and thyroid antibodies following struma ovarii resection: an uncommon entity

We report a case of 34-year-old clinically asymptomatic woman who had been followed for 6 years for hyperthyroidism with thyroid stimulating hormone <0.006 uIU/mL, free T4 1.98 ng/mL, free T3 5.3 pg/mL, elevated thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin 1.70 IU/L, thyroid peroxidase antibody 38 IU/mL and thyroglobulin antibody 9.3 IU/mL. Radioiodine thyroid scan showed minimal uptake in both thyroid lobes (24-hour uptake was 0.3%). She subsequently underwent evaluation for lower abdominal pain and menstrual irregularities, which revealed a large left ovarian cyst measuring 15.9 cm × 10.8 cm × 13.2 cm and right-sided ovarian cyst measuring 2.7 cm × 3.3 cm × 3.5 cm. Laparoscopic bilateral ovarian cystectomy was performed and the final pathology revealed struma ovarii of the left ovarian cyst with the entire ovarian tumour made up of benign thyroid tissue. Thyroid function tests performed 3 months after surgical removal of struma ovarii showed euthyroidism. We present a rare case with detailed laboratory and immunological data before and after ovarian extirpation with resolution of hyperthyroidism associated with functional struma ovarii.
Influences of Prior Period Revenue, Perceived Psychological Costs, and Manager Agency on Labor Cost Reduction Decisions Following a Current Period Revenue Decline

This experimental study investigates whether prior period sales declines, the psychological costs of layoffs, and manager psychological agency (self-focus) influences managers’ decisions to cut labor costs in a “sticky cost” context. Using 149 experienced managers recruited through CloudResearch as participants, we manipulate prior period sales changes (increase versus decrease) and perceived psychological costs of employee layoffs (higher in a “family” culture; lower in a “distant” culture) to investigate managers’ labor downsizing choices in the face of pressure to maintain income due to a current period sales decline. We also measure manager agency to examine its influence on labor cost reduction decisions. Findings suggest that managers are more likely to lay off employees when facing successive sales decreases, and less likely to do so when psychological costs are high and prior year sales increased. In addition, we find that managers higher in agency are more likely to cut employees in order to achieve a short-term bonus. However, when given the choice to reduce labor costs using pay cuts or layoffs, more-agentic managers favor pay cuts over layoffs, thus retaining labor resources (consistent with empire building). We discuss the implications of our results for practice and future research into asymmetric cost behavior.
Virtual Ileostomy as an Option for Complicated Colorectal Resections

When surgery requires a colorectal anastomosis, a diverting ostomy may be created to decrease the clinical impact of anastomotic failure. Unfortunately, diverting ileostomies are also associated wi...
Transaction costs and the small firm effect

Abstract Stoll and Whaley (1983) suggest large transaction costs may be responsible for the large risk-adjusted returns earned by small firm stocks. This study, using data from the AMEX as well as the NYSE, shows that investors can earn risk-adjusted excess returns after transaction costs by holding small firms for relatively short holding periods. Other literature that provides evidence that is inconsistent with the transaction costs hypothesis is cited.
Structured Grid Generation over NURBS and Facetted Surface Patches by Reparametrization

This paper deals with structured grid generation using Floater’s parametrization algorithm for surface triangulation. It gives an outline of the algorithm in the context of structured grid generation. Then it explains how the algorithm can be used to generate a structured grid over a singular NURBS surface patch. This is an alternate method to the known carpeting method of reparametrization for structured grid generation over a NURBS surface patch. The paper also explains how to generate a structured grid over a four sided trimmed patch of a facetted surface using the parametrization algorithm. All the procedures are explained using examples.
Electrochemical Treatment of Glassy Carbon for Label‐Free Detection of DNA Bases and Neurotransmitters

Electrochemically reduced glassy carbon (r-GC) showed a superior electrochemical sensing performance, compared to oxidized GC (ox-GC) and untreated GC for the oxidation of 4 DNA bases and neurotransmitters (epinephrine, norepinephrine and serotonin). r-GC exhibited not only the largest current intensities of all redox biomolecules, but also displayed an excellent selectivity in detecting coexisting redox biomolecules. The enhanced performance of r-GC was attributed to the improved surface cleanliness of electrode and its catalytic surface functional groups. The results presented herein imply that simple electrochemical treatments are a viable method to produce sensitive and selective electrodes for label-free biosensing.
The three US food policies: An ideological interpretation

Abstract Historically, and notably so since 1933, three ideologies have been evident, and in conflict, in the farmfood policies of the USA. The gradual transformation of US agriculture since World War II into an agribusiness industry, and into the dominant world food exporter, has necessitated the modernising of these three ideologies. How the new food politics of the Carter Administration will differ from those of the Nixon-Ford Administration is of worldwide concern. Whether the new food policy ‘agenda’ will be aggressively committed to the development of a neo-Jeffersonian food ideology will be a major US political issue in 1977.
ANALYSIS OF BOND QUALITY BY RESONANT ULTRASOUND

Analysis of the response of small samples of materials to mechanical excitations at ultrasonic frequencies (resonant ultrasound spectroscopy, or RUS) can yield much information about the sample, including its geometry, density (densities, if composite), and elastic constants. (1–5) In this paper, we sketch the experimental technique, the method by which the data can be analyzed, and extend the analysis to samples which comprise two different materials bonded together. In the latter case the technique can give information about the composition of the sample and bond integrity (i.e. whether or not displacements and stresses are continuous across the interface). Comparison of calculated with measured frequencies for a bonded sample will be made.
4 out of 5 Students Surveyed Would Recommend this Activity (Comparing Chewing Gum Flavor Durations)

This paper describes an interactive activity developed for illustrating hypothesis tests on the mean for paired or matched samples. The activity is extended to illustrate assessing normality, the W...
Introduction & Chapter 1: American Founding Son: John Bingham and the Invention of the Fourteenth Amendment

This is an excerpt of my biography of John A. Bingham, the principal drafter of Section One of the Fourteenth Amendment, which will be published by NYU Press in September 2013. The excerpt includes the Introduction and Chapter One.
The ACE Science Center

The Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) mission is supported by the ACE Science Center for the purposes of processing and distributing ACE data, and facilitating collaborative work on the data by instrument investigators and by the space physics community at large. The Science Center will strive to ensure that the data are properly archived and easily available. In particular, it is intended that use of a centralized science facility will guarantee appropriate use of data formatting standards, thus easing access to the data, will improve communications within and to the ACE science working team, and will reduce redundant effort in data processing. Secondary functions performed by the Science Center include acting as an interface between the scientists and the mission operations team.
A SELF FOR THE BODY

What grounds the experience of our body as our own? Can we rationally doubt that this is our own body when we feel sensations in it? Here, I show how recent empirical evidence can shed light on issues on the body and the self, such as the grounds of the sense of body ownership and the immunity to error through misidentification of bodily self-ascriptions. In particular, I discuss how bodily illusions (e.g., the Rubber Hand Illusion), bodily disruptions (e.g., somatoparaphrenia) and the multimodal nature of bodily self-knowledge challenge a classic view of ownership and immunity that puts bodily sensations at its core.
Keratin dressings speed epithelialization of deep partial‐thickness wounds

Keratin gene expression is regarded as a hallmark of epidermal biology. It demarcates the three keratinocyte phenotypes: basal (expressing KRT5 and KRT14), differentiating (expressing KRT1 and KRT10), and activated (wound healing), which is characterized by expression of KRT6, KRT16, and KRT17. Activated keratinocytes are among the first signals of epidermal wound healing. In addition, they are found deregulated in nonhealing chronic wounds. To examine keratins as a potential modality for wound-healing disorders, we evaluated two different keratin dressings, liquid or solid, and assessed their effects of epithelialization and closure using porcine partial-thickness wound-healing model in vivo. We found that both forms of keratin dressings accelerated closure and epithelialization, achieving statistically significant differences on day 5. Evidence suggesting early onset of epithelialization was corroborated further by gene expression analyses revealing induction of KRT6A, KRT16, and KRT17 by day 2 postwounding. The data suggest that keratin dressings may stimulate epithelialization by enhancing the activation of keratinocytes. We conclude that keratin-containing dressings can accelerate wound healing and closure. Further studies are needed to determine the molecular mechanisms of this activation.
Coherent signal-subspace processing for near-field broad-band source localization

In this paper, the coherent signal-subspace method (CSM) is extended for estimation of bearing, elevation and range of multiple, near-field, broad-band sources. Analytical results are also derived to justify the effectiveness of the near-field CSM. It is shown that the coherently averaged sample covariance matrix in the near-field CSM has complex Wishart distribution with number of degrees-of-freedom equaling the time-bandwidth product, provided that (1) the frequency components of the array output are statistically independent and Gaussian distributed, and (2) the errors between all the actual source locations and the preliminary estimate of the source cluster center are upperly bounded by a small constant. Some simulation results are provided to show the effectiveness of the near-field CSM.
On the axisymmetric interaction of a rigid disc with a semi-infinite solid

An analytical treatment is presented for the determination of the response of a vertically-loaded disc embedded in a semi-infinite elastic medium. By means of Love's method of potential and a set of relaxed boundary conditions, the mixed boundary value problem is formulated as dual integral equations with the aid of Hankel transforms. On the reduction of the dual integral equations to a Fredholm integral equation which features a closed-form kernel, solutions to the inclusion problem are computed. In addition to including existing solutions for zero and infinite embedment as degenerate cases, the present analysis reveals a severe boundary-layer phenomenon which is apt to be of significance to this class of problems in general. As illustrations, numerical results on the load-displacement relation, the response of the embedding medium, as well as the contact load distribution are included.
The Methylene-Blue Reduction Test and its Relation to Other Measures of Quality in Bull Semen

Summary The relationship of the methylene-blue test to other criteria of measuring semen quality is shown by correlation coefficients. In the samples of this study the methylene-blue test was not significantly correlated with the proportion of morphologically abnormal spermatozoa, nor with ascorbic acid content or the initial glucose level of fresh semen, nor with the glucose loss in diluted semen after 10 days’ storage at 5° C. Statistically highly significant correlations were shown between the methylene-blue reduction time and volume of the ejaculate, spermatozoa count, initial spermatozoa motility, initial pH, and the initial lactic acid level of fresh semen. Equally significant associations were shown in diluted semen with the methylene-blue reduction time by glucose loss, by lactic acid gain, and by livability after an hour's incubation at 46.5° C., and by lactic acid gain and by livability after 10 days’ storage at 5° C. The methylene-blue reduction test, along with spermatozoa count and initial motility estimates, is recommended for routine prediction of semen quality.
Evaluation of telomere length maintenance mechanisms in adrenocortical carcinoma.

Context: Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare disease with an often fatal outcome. The clinical and pathological diagnosis of a malignant vs. benign adrenocortical tumor is sometimes challenging. Telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) are critical for the persistence of the malignant phenotype, but little is known about these mechanisms or their diagnostic value in adrenocortical lesions. Objective: Tissue samples of diagnostically known adrenocortical neoplasms were evaluated for parameters of known TMMs, telomerase activity (TA), and alternative telomere lengthening (ALT). Design: The study analyzed retrospectively collected frozen adrenocortical tissue samples from the University of Michigan Health System. Patient Samples: Samples included 24 ACCs, 11 adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs), and three normal adrenal tissues. Main Outcome Measures: Telomerase activity (telomerase activity protocol assay), alternative telomere lengthening (telomere restriction fragment analysis, telomere associated promyelocyte ...
The vitamin B12-deficient rat as a possible model of ketotic hyperglycinemia.

Extract: The rate of oxidation to respiratory CO2 of both carbon 1 of propionate and carbon 1 of glycine was decreased significantly in vitamin B12-deficient rats, to 50% and 82% of the control rate, respectively. The activity of the glycine synthase system was reduced during vitamin B12 deficiency to 25% of control activity. Serine hydroxymethyltransferase activity was similar for vitamin B12-deficient and control rats. Plasma glycine concentration in vitamin B12-deficient rats (253 ± 16 nmol/ml) did not differ significantly from that of control rats (226 ± 12 nmol/ml). Propionate oxidation was significantly impaired in biotin-deflcient rats. However, this impairment, to 66% of the control rate, was not as large as that generated by vitamin B12 deficiency. In contrast to the result obtained in vitamin B12-deficient animals, no significant decrease in glycine oxidation could be demonstrated in biotin-deficient animals Plasma glycine concentration of fasted biotin-deficient rats (339 ± 26 nmol/ml) did not differ significantly from that of their controls (371 ± 32 nmol/ml).
Metallic, but not superconducting, La-Ba (and La-Sr) copper oxides.

New measurements are reported on three La-Ba (and La-Sr) copper-oxide compounds, including one new compound. These materials have metallic conductivities, comparable to those of the high-${T}_{c}$ copper oxides in the normal state, but they are not superconducting down to 5 K. Their magnetic susceptibility and structural features are also similar. These data provide a new challenge and test for the numerous theories of high ${T}_{c}$ to account also for its absence in these three closely related materials.
Flow-Cytometric Phosphoprotein Analysis Reveals Agonist and Temporal Differences in Responses of Murine Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are probably the best-studied adult tissue-restricted stem cells. Although methods for flow cytometric detection of phosphoproteins in hematopoeitic progenitors and mature cells are available, analogous protocols for HSC are lacking. We present a robust method to study intracellular signaling in immunophenotypically-defined murine HSC/progenitor cell (HPC)-enriched populations. Using this method, we uncover differences in the response dynamics of several phosphoproteins representative of the Ras/MAP-Kinase(K), PI3K, mTOR and Jak/STAT pathways in HSC/HPCs stimulated by Scf, Thpo, as well as several other important HSC/HPC agonists.
Dynamic Linkages Among Equity Markets in the Middle East and North African Countries

The relaxation of security laws and regulations in emerging markets in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) provides abundant opportunities for foreign investors. These markets exhibit high expected returns and substantial volatility. In this paper, we investigate the lead/lag relationship between the MENA countries and regions. We find no market causality or spillover from one country to another in the North Africa region. Our results for the Levant region reveal that there are linkages between stock markets in this region. The results for the GCC (Gulf Cooperation Council) region show that there is more interaction and linkage in the GCC region than North Africa and Levant regions. An unexpected result is that UAE's stock market leads all the markets in this region. Finally, we investigate linkages among the three regions. We find that GCC influences the other two regions.
Anticoagulation in myocardial infarction: Modem approach to an old problem

The role of routine anticogulation in acute myocardial infarction continues to be a source of controversy. There is currently strong evidence to suggest that conventional anticoagulation will prevent the formation of most deep vein thrombi and subsequent pulmonary embolization. Anticoagulant agents also appear to reduce the incidence of emboli from cardiac mural thrombi to peripheral arteries. Patients without a predisposition to bleeding are unlikely to have hemorrhagic complications in the hospital after usual doses of anticoagulant drugs. In patients with severe hypertension, prior gastrointestinal bleeding, carcinoma or advanced age, small dose heparin therapy appears to reduce the incidence of venous thrombosis and probably of pulmonary emboli as well. Its value in preventing peripheral arterial embolization has not been defined. Anticoagulation with standard "large" doses is an effective means of preventing the risks of pulmonary and peripheral emboli during the in-patient phase of acute myocardial infarction. Small dose heparin therapy provides an excellent alternative to conventional anticoagulation when there is more than a negligible risk of hemorrhage. There is little evidence at this time to support the use of long-term anticoagulation beyond the acute phase of myocardial infarction.
Long lived BSA Au clusters as a time gated intensity imaging probe

The work presented here reports the use of long lifetime (>1 μs) BSA Au clusters as a cellular/tissue, time gated, intensity imaging probe. By collecting the emission signal 50 ns post excitation, one can off-gate the intense auto-fluorescence background, thereby greatly enhancing the clarity/specificity in fluorescence imaging.
Online system performance measurements with software and hybrid monitors

Two monitors were implemented to collect information about the behavior of the online system developed and run at Stanford. The response of this online system was slow and main memory was a critical resource. The goal was to extract desired information by a method that requires only a negligible amount of monitored system resources. Results presented in this paper indicate that this effort has been successful. A software monitor that requires less than 700 bytes of main memory collects statistics about utilization of special online system resources and about the scheduler mechanism, detects system deadlocks, and measures online executive overhead. This software monitor helped to discover various facts about the system behavior; however, to understand the reasons behind certain situations, it was necessary to learn more about properties of individual terminal tasks. Since a software monitor would cause an intolerable system degradation and hardware monitoring is not directly applicable for such measurements, a hardware/software monitor interface was implemented which enables recording of software events by a hardware monitor. The monitoring artifact is thus kept close to zero. This technique has been applied to measure time a task spends in various states and it has many other uses.
Ultra-high sensitivity InGaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs triple-coupled quantum well infrared photodetector

An ultra-high sensitivity triple-coupled quantum well infrared photodetector using a high-strain n-type InGaAs/AlGaAs/InGaAs asymmetrical coupled quantum well structure has been developed for 8-14 /spl mu/m detection. The maximum responsivity and detectivity with 45/spl deg/ facet illumination were found to be 2.71 A/W and 2.21/spl times/10/sup 10/ cmHz/sup 12//W at /spl lambda//sub p/=9.6 /spl mu/m, V/sub b/=5 V, and T=30 K.
Effect of Micropollutants (Organic Xenobiotics and Heavy Metals) on the Activated Sludge Process

Four experiments were performed in sequencing batch reactors, two by two in parallel, to study the effect of micropollutants (organic xenobiotics and heavy metals) on the performance of activated sludge processes. The reactors were operated for long times (at least 11 months each) and in a wide range of sludge ages (5−30 days). It was observed that production of biological solids, COD removal, and settling properties were not affected by the presence of micropollutants significantly. On the other hand, ammonia removal was much lower in the reactors fed with micropollutants (29−37% removal) than in the reactor without micropollutants (82% removal). Batch tests allowed the measurement of maximal activities of heterotrophic and autotrophic biomass. The activity of nitrifying microorganisms grown without micropollutants was greatly reduced (about 50%) by the addition of the micropollutants, but the residual micropollutants after treatment did not exert any inhibiting effect. Nitrate balances on the four runs ...
Ion implantation of polymers for electrical conductivity enhancement

Ions in the mass range from H to Xe have been used at energies from a few keV to more than a GeV to cause atomic rearrangement and consequent formation of conducting grains of carbonized material in several polymers. Generally, the conductivity increases dramatically-- by several orders of magnitude--until finally demonstrating a saturation effect with further ion dose. These results indicate that the ion specie, the rate of energy deposition due to electronic processes, and the original structure of the polymer influence the final conductivity of the implanted material. The temperature dependence of the conductivity, in most cases, and frequency dependence in our case indicate a hopping mechanism for the conductivity in a one dimensional mode although precise details of the conducting mechanism are still in question.
The decay of 251Cf

Abstract The α-particle and γ-ray single channel and coincidence spectra of 251 Cf have been obtained using Si(Au), Ge(Li) and NaI(Tl) detectors. A total of 14 groups was identified with α-particle energies (in MeV) and absolute intensities (in %): 6.067(2.7), 6.007(12.3), 5.932(0.5), 5.844(27.8), 5.808(4.1), 5.792(2.8), 5.757(3.9), 5.721(1.1), 5.667(34.7), 5.640(2.8), 5.625(4.8), 5.595(0.5), 5.559(1.8) and 5.496(0.3). At least three rotational bands based upon single-particle levels at 0,227 and 407 keV excitation energy were identified. The half-life of the 227 keV state was measured to be 25 μsec.
Characterization of Aluminum in Cation-Exchanged NH4NaY and USY Zeolites by 27Al MAS NMR Spectroscopy

The effects of cations on the local electromagnetic environments of catalytic sites in Y-zeolites are studied as a function of cation type and concentration. Quadrupolar coupling parameters measurable using 27Al MAS NMR at multiple field strengths, provide a window to study aluminum’s local electronic structure. Quadrupolar parameters calculated for framework tetrahedral aluminum are related to cation concentration and Bronsted acidity for potassium-, zinc-, and lanthanum-exchanged NH4NaY and USY zeolites.
Laser action of Pr/sup 3+/ in LiYF/sub 4/ and spectroscopy of Eu/sup 2+/-sensitized Pr in BaY/sub 2/F/sub 8/

Laser action in flashlamp-pumped Pr:LiYF/sub 4/ at room temperature is observed at 640 nm with a 15-J threshold, but only approximately 0.01% slope efficiency. Increased efficiency from sensitizing the Pr with Eu/sup 2+/ is explored in the system Eu,Pr:BaY/sub 2/F/sub 8/. Co doped samples have been grown by the Czochralski growth method, and energy transfer between Eu/sup 2+/ and Pr/sup 3+/ is observed to be very weak. This is probably due to the poor overlap of the Eu/sup 2+/ emission with the Pr/sup 3+/ absorption lines, leading to the conclusion that hosts with a stronger crystal field at the Eu/sup 2+/ site need to be identified. >
Destruction Complex Function in the Wnt Signaling Pathway of Drosophila Requires Multiple Interactions Between Adenomatous Polyposis Coli 2 and Armadillo

The tumor suppressor Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) negatively regulates Wnt signaling through its activity in the destruction complex. APC binds directly to the main effector of the pathway, β-catenin (βcat, Drosophila Armadillo), and helps to target it for degradation. In vitro studies demonstrated that a nonphosphorylated 20-amino-acid repeat (20R) of APC binds to βcat through the N-terminal extended region of a 20R. When phosphorylated, the phospho-region of an APC 20R also binds βcat and the affinity is significantly increased. These distinct APC–βcat interactions suggest different models for the sequential steps of destruction complex activity. However, the in vivo role of 20R phosphorylation and extended region interactions has not been rigorously tested. Here we investigated the functional role of these molecular interactions by making targeted mutations in Drosophila melanogaster APC2 that disrupt phosphorylation and extended region interactions and deletion mutants missing the Armadillo binding repeats. We tested the ability of these mutants to regulate Wnt signaling in APC2 null and in APC2 APC1 double-null embryos. Overall, our in vivo data support the role of phosphorylation and extended region interactions in APC2’s destruction complex function, but suggest that the extended region plays a more significant functional role. Furthermore, we show that the Drosophila 20Rs with homology to the vertebrate APC repeats that have the highest affinity for βcat are functionally dispensable, contrary to biochemical predictions. Finally, for some mutants, destruction complex function was dependent on APC1, suggesting that APC2 and APC1 may act cooperatively in the destruction complex.
Identification of 12 or more lymph nodes in resected colon cancer specimens as an indicator of quality performance.

BACKGROUND: Identification of ≥12 lymph nodes in resected colon cancer specimens has been endorsed as a quality indicator. METHODS: The Hoag Hospital cancer registry was used to identify patients diagnosed with colon cancer. The proportion of colon cancer specimens for which ≥12 lymph nodes were identified was determined by anatomic location, stage of disease, patient age, and operating surgeon. Survival was correlated with stage and with whether ≥12 lymph nodes were identified. RESULTS: Pathology procedural changes in 1998 were associated with an increase in the average number of lymph nodes identified from 8.0 to 14.5 (P < .0001); therefore, analysis was limited to 574 patients who underwent surgical resection of colon adenocarcinoma during 1998 to 2005. Identification of ≥12 lymph nodes varied from 57% to 83% by 7 anatomic locations (P < .0001), from 65% to 75% by 5 age cohorts (P = .027), from 59% to 73% by 4 general stages of disease (P = .004), and from 53% to 80% among 12 surgeons who performed at least 17 resections (P = .014). The proportion of resections in which ≥12 lymph nodes were identified was higher for 3 colorectal fellowship-trained surgeons compared with the other 9 surgeons (77% vs 63%, P = .0007), and with 30 surgeons who each performed <10 resections (77% vs 51%, P < .0001). Identification of ≥12 lymph nodes was associated with better survival for patients with stage I (P = .016) and stage II (P = .021) disease. CONCLUSIONS: Anatomic location, colorectal surgical training, and case volume were strongly correlated with the number of lymph nodes identified. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Territoriality: The relation of ranging pattern and home range size to defendability, with an analysis of territoriality among primate species

1. Existing theory suggests that territoriality will evolve when resources are limited and defendable, but defendability has seldom been analyzed quantitatively. 2. Here we argue that defendability depends on the ability of an animal to monitor the boundaries of its range in order to detect potential intruders and introduce an index of defendability (D) which is the ratio of observed daily path length (d) to an area equal to the diameter (d′) of a circle with area equal to home range area of the animal. This index is sensitive only to extreme deviation from circular shape. 3. Review of the literature on primate ranging reveals that all territorial groups for which data are available have an index of 1.0 or greater, and that few nonterritorial species have an index of 1.0 or greater. 4. Regression analysis of the relationship of daily path length to feeding group weight and foliage in the diet reveals that both feeding group weight and foliage in the diet account for a large proportion of the variance in daily path length, and that territorial and nonterritorial groups do not differ in day range for a given group weight and diet.
Zero sound in anisotropic metals

Abstract The Gor'kov-Dzyaloshinskii theory of zero sound in anisotropic metals is generalized, and applied to specific metals. The main generalizations are: (a) sufficient conditions for the existence of zero sound are derived without the assumption of weak coupling; (b) examples are discussed in which these conditions are satisfied even when the propagation vector does not lie along or close to a symmetry axis. A survey of metallic Fermi surfaces indicates that zero sound may be possible in the noble metals along directions close to the [111] direction, and in beryllium and graphite along directions close to the c axis. It may also be possible in the semimetal bismuth (and perhaps antimony and arsenic) along certain nonsymmetry directions. In all these cases sufficient conditions on the Landau F-function are derived for zero sound modes to exist at infrared frequencies (and, in some cases, at radio frequencies.) The conditions can be satisfied in the weak coupling limit, provided F has the appropriate sign. Unfortunately this is beyond reliable theoretical calculation, and the final question of whether the modes exist is best settled by experiment.
THE EXTENT OF STORE LIVESTOCK TRADING IN GREAT BRITAIN

The trade in store livestock among farms in Britain is little documented. Data from the Farm Management survey were used to estimate the extent of store trading by farm type and region. Tests of the estimates showed that the method gave satisfactory aggregate data from the FMS farm level data. The study showed that a large number of sheep and cattle were traded as stores and it is suggested that store trading may be a significant structural element in British agriculture which has been little studied. Resume L'ENVERGURE DU COMMERCE DE BeTAIL MAIGRE EN GRANDE-BRETAGNE Le commerce du betail d'engraissement dans l'agriculture britannique est un domaine peu documente. Pour avoir une idee de son etendue au niveau des types d'exploitations et au niveau des regions, on a utilise les resultats d'une enquěte de Farm Management. D'apres les tests effectues sur les estimations realisees, la methode donne des donnees agregatives satisfaisantes au niveau des exploitations figurant dans l'enquěte. Elle montre aussi qu'un grand nombre d'ovins et bovins sont vendus comme animaux a engraisser et, dans ses conclusions, laisse entendre que ce type de commerce pourrait ětre un element structurel important de l'agriculture britannique jusqu'a present peu etudie. Zusammenfassung DAS AUSMAB DES HANDELS VON LEBENDVIEH ALS VIEHBESTAND IN GROB BRITANNIEN. Es gibt nur wenig dokumentarisches Material iiber den Handel von Lebendvieh als Viehbestand zwischen Farmen in Grofibritannien: Datenmaterial aus dem Farmmanage-mentgutachten (FMS) wurde beniltzt, um das Ausmafi des Viehbestandshandels nach Farmarten und Regionen zu schatzen. Untersuchungen der Schatzungen haben gezeigt, dafi die Methode zufriedenstellendes aggregiertes Datenmaterial aus dem FMS Farmgrofienordnungsmaterial lieferte. Die Studie zeigte, dafi eine Vielzahl von Schafen und Vieh als Viehbestand gehandelt wird, und es wird darauf hingewiesen, dafi Viehbestandshandei ein wichtiges Strukturelement in der britischen Landwirtschaft sein mag, das bis jetzt erst wenig untersucht worden ist.
Conversations about head start salaries: A feminist analysis☆

Abstract This qualitative interview study investigates the Hoover Community Action Agency's Head Start salary policies as described by 3 program administrators and 10 teachers. Feminist theories explain how teachers' and administrators' interpretations of salaries reflect societal beliefs about the value of Head Start teaching. Head Start teachers acknowledge both their low wages and their deep commitment to the Head Start mission. Low- and middle-income teachers differ in how they describe current salary levels: low-income teachers are proactive in salary enhancement efforts and middle-income teachers view salaries as supplemental family income. Agency administrators, while acknowledging the low teacher wages, argue that Head Start employment is more financially lucrative than day care teaching. Administrators cite teacher commitment, not salary, as the best predictor of teacher tenure.
Trauma history in diagnostic groups of temporomandibular disorders

Abstract Trauma history was studied for association with disease among six diagnostic subgroups of 230 patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) from a private practice setting with (1) disk displacement (DD) with reduction, (2) DD without reduction, (3) osteoarthrosis (OA) with prior derangement history, (4) primary OA, (5) myalgia only, and (6) subluxation only. Except for subluxation (29%), trauma history typified TMD patient groups 1 to 5 (63%, 79%, 44%, 53%, 54%) ( p n = 61) and symptomatic ( n = 161) student control subjects, and 11% of general dental patients ( n = 150). TMD groups 2 and 3 differed significantly ( p
An unified form of exact-MSR codes via product-matrix framework

Regenerating code represents a class of erasure codes applicable to distributed storage systems. An [n, k, d] regenerating code admits the recovery of the message from any k out of the n encoded fragments, and the recovery of an erasure fragment from other arbitrary d valid fragments, for k ≤ d ≤ n - 1. Minimum Storage Regenerating (MSR) code is the regenerating code attaining the minimal storage requirement. By product-matrix framework, the [n, k, d ≥ 2k-2] exact-MSR code is presented by Rashmi et al. This paper presents a novel version of exact-MSR codes for the same set of parameters. As compared with previous works, the major contributions of work include: i). An approach is proposed to directly include the d > 2k - 2 Exact-MSR codes in the product-matrix representation; ii). The required size of the finite field is reduced to n from n(d - k +1). The proposed coding techniques further improve the practicability of Exact-MSR codes.
Thymus-derived lymphocytes and hydrocortisone, identification of subsets of theta-bearing cells and redistribution to bone marrow.

Abstract The effects of corticosteroids on lymphoid cell populations were studied in the LAF 1 mouse. Normal bone marrow cells show a small but definite response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA). Equal numbers of marrow cells from mice given hydrocortisone 2 days previously show considerable enhancement of the PHA response. Whole-body irradiation with selective shielding indicated that this enhanced response resulted from redistribution of peripheral thymus-derived lymphocytes into the marrow after hydrocortisone treatment. Heterogeneity within peripheral thymus-derived cells was also demonstrated. Normal spleens contain cells which respond to PHA but are sensitive to anti-θ serum. Some of these cells are sensitive to hydrocortisone and others are resistant to hydrocortisone. Normal bone marrow contains a third population of cells which respond to PHA but which are resistant to hydrocortisone and to anti-θ serum. Hydrocortisone treatment results in the appearance in bone marrow of additional PHA-responsive cells which are sensitive to anti-θ, and which are presumably derived from other peripheral lymphoid tissues.
Determination of natural gas custody transfer properties

Abstract Among the important gas properties associated with custody transfer are heating value, relative density and realgas factor (or supercompressibility factor). One means of determining those properties is from calculations utilizing compositions determined from chromatography. However, it is also possible to utilize direct measurements to determine these properties. This paper describes an accurate and efficient technique.
Sequential Bortezomib, Dexamethasone, and Thalidomide Maintenance Therapy after Single Autologous Peripheral Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Multiple Myeloma

We report feasibility and response results of a phase II study investigating prolonged weekly bortezomib and dexamethasone followed by thalidomide and dexamethasone as maintenance therapy after single autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in patients with multiple myeloma. Within 4 to 8 weeks of ASCT, patients received weekly bortezomib and dexamethasone for six cycles, followed by thalidomide and dexamethasone for six more cycles. Thalidomide alone was continued until disease progression. Forty-five patients underwent ASCT. Forty patients started maintenance therapy; of these, 36 patients received four cycles, and 32 completed six cycles of maintenance bortezomib. Of these 40 patients, nine (22%) were in complete response (CR) before ASCT, 13 (32%) achieved CR after ASCT but before bortezomib maintenance therapy, and 21 (53%) achieved CR after bortezomib maintenance therapy. Nine patients not previously in CR (33%) upgraded their response to CR with bortezomib maintenance. At 1 year post-ASCT, 20 patients achieved CR, and two achieved very good partial response. Twenty-seven patients experienced peripheral neuropathy during bortezomib therapy, all grade 1 or 2. Our findings indicate that prolonged sequential weekly bortezomib, dexamethasone, and thalidomide maintenance therapy after single ASCT is feasible and well tolerated. Bortezomib maintenance treatment upgraded post-ASCT CR responses with no severe grade 3/4 peripheral neuropathy.
How We Became Authentic

This is a postprint (accepted manuscript) version of the article published in Ethos 37(1):148-53. The final version of the article can be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1352.2009.01034_1.x (login required to access content). The version made available in Digital Common was supplied by the author.