cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data collection challenges in community settings: insights from two field studies of patients with chronic disease

Collecting information about health and disease directly from patients can be fruitfully accomplished using contextual approaches, ones that combine more and less structured methods in home and community settings. This paper’s purpose was to describe and illustrate a framework of the challenges of contextual data collection. A framework is presented based on prior work in community-based participatory research and organizational science, comprised of ten types of challenges across four broader categories. Illustrations of challenges and suggestions for addressing them are drawn from two mixed method, contextual studies of patients with chronic disease in two regions of the USA. The first major category of challenges was concerned with the researcher–participant partnership, for example, the initial lack of mutual trust and understanding between researchers, patients, and family members. The second category concerned patient characteristics such as cognitive limitations and a busy personal schedule that created barriers to successful data collection. The third concerned research logistics and procedures such as recruitment, travel distances, and compensation. The fourth concerned scientific quality and interpretation, including issues of validity, reliability, and combining data from multiple sources. The two illustrative studies faced both common and diverse research challenges and used many different strategies to address them. Collecting less structured data from patients and others in the community is potentially very productive but requires the anticipation, avoidance, or negotiation of various challenges. Future work is necessary to better understand these challenges across different methods and settings, as well as to test and identify strategies to address them.
Holding the Hunger Games Hostage at the Gym: An Evaluation of Temptation Bundling

We introduce and evaluate the effectiveness of temptation bundling---a method for simultaneously tackling two types of self-control problems by harnessing consumption complementarities. We describe a field experiment measuring the impact of bundling instantly gratifying but guilt-inducing “want” experiences enjoying page-turner audiobooks with valuable “should” behaviors providing delayed rewards exercising. We explore whether such bundles increase should behaviors and whether people would pay to create these restrictive bundles. Participants were randomly assigned to a full treatment condition with gym-only access to tempting audio novels, an intermediate treatment involving encouragement to restrict audiobook enjoyment to the gym, or a control condition. Initially, full and intermediate treatment participants visited the gym 51% and 29% more frequently, respectively, than control participants, but treatment effects declined over time particularly following Thanksgiving. After the study, 61% of participants opted to pay to have gym-only access to iPods containing tempting audiobooks, suggesting demand for this commitment device. This paper was accepted by Uri Gneezy, behavioral economics.
Relationship between initial competence and ability to profit from cues in brain-damaged individuals.

To study the relationships between competence and ability to profit from cues, the effects of premorbid education on current test performances, and whether the ability to profit from cues is unifor...
Modeling spatial discrete choice

Abstract The paper presents a basic spatial discrete choice modeling framework obtained by applying random utility theory to discrete choices made by heterogeneous spatially dependent individuals. The newly developed framework has two main advantages over existing approaches. First, individual decision-makers are no longer assumed to be independent and non-interacting but spatially interdependent in their preferences facilitating the development of applied discrete choice models using a wide range of spatial data. Second, pseudo maximum likelihood estimator is developed for this model that is consistent and computationally feasible for large datasets. The performance of the pseudo maximum likelihood estimator for the spatial discrete choice model is illustrated using simulated data.
Digital terminals for packet broadcasting

Roberts illustrated the potential use of packet switching technology by postulating a personal computer terminal using radio broadcasting to connect the user to a computer. The proposed terminal had a unique five-finger keyboard and plasma-discharge display. The keyboard would generate and send characters, one at a time, to the computer using 64 bit packets per character. The computer could convert these to a 35-bit (5X7) pattern and retransmit a 144-bit packet to the terminal to control a 5 X 7 dot matrix character. Thus, the terminal needed no character generation logic and only a minimum of digital control logic to interface keyboard and display to a radio modem. This was a reasonable concept insofar as the terminal was intended to operate within a short distance of the computer to accommodate low-power radios, and so long as only a few terminals were in use.
Non-perturbative string theory from water waves

We use a combination of a 't Hooft limit and numerical methods to find non-perturbative solutions of exactly solvable string theories, showing that perturbative solutions in different asymptotic regimes are connected by smooth interpolating functions. Our earlier perturbative work showed that a large class of minimal string theories arise as special limits of a Painleve IV hierarchy of string equations that can be derived by a similarity reduction of the dispersive water wave hierarchy of differential equations. The hierarchy of string equations contains new perturbative solutions, some of which were conjectured to be the type IIA and IIB string theories coupled to (4, 4k ? 2) superconformal minimal models of type (A, D). Our present paper shows that these new theories have smooth non-perturbative extensions. We also find evidence for putative new string theories that were not apparent in the perturbative analysis.
Mesh modelling with curve analogies

Modelling by analogy has become a powerful paradigm for editing images. Using a pair of before- and after-example images of a transformation, a system that models by analogy produces analogous transformations on arbitrary new images. This paper brings the expressive power of modelling by analogy to meshes. To avoid the difficulty of specifying fully 3D example meshes, we use curve analogies to produce changes in meshes. We apply analogies to families of curves on an object's surface, and use the filtered curves to drive a transformation of the object. We demonstrate a range of filters, from simple local feature elimination/addition, to more general frequency enhancement filters.
Specific heats Cp, Cv, Cconf and energy landscapes of glassforming liquids

In pursuit of understanding of the paradoxical success of the Adam–Gibbs equation in both experiment and computer simulation studies, we examine the relation between liquid behavior at constant pressure and constant volume and compare the inherent structures excitation profiles for the two cases. This allows us to extend qualitatively the recent correlation of kinetic and thermodynamic measures of fragility to constant volume systems. The decreased fragility at constant volume is understood in terms of the relation Cp > CcðcpÞ > CcðcvÞ > Cv. In the process, we find a parallel between the range of volumes, relative to the total excess volume, that are explored in the first few orders of magnitude of relaxation time increase, and the range of amorphous state inherent structure energies, relative to the total range, that are explored in ergodic computer simulations, which also cover only this limited range of relaxation time change. The interesting question of whether or not fragile behavior is determined in the configurational or vibrational manifold of states is left unanswered in this work. However, the approximate proportionality of the configurational and total excess entropies that is needed to interpret the success of the Adam–Gibbs equation (which has been questioned by other authors) is confirmed within the needed limits, using data from three different types of investigation: experiments (on Se), simulation (of water in the SPC-E model), and analytical models of both defect crystals and configurationally excited liquids. Some consequences of the abrupt increases in vibrational heat capacity at Tg implied by this proportionality, are discussed. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Corruption from the Islamic perspective: Some recommendations for the MENA region

Purpose – In the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region several factors contribute to corruption with a consequence of savings being squandered away and funds withheld from productive investments. This paper aims to argue that Muslim countries have a competitive advantage over the industrialized world in that the Islamic faith is important to the populace, which the west lacks and is trying to replace it with substitutes like for instance moral education in schools.Design/methodology/approach – The paper examines corruption in the light of the Qur'an and Hadith. It looks at related issues and corrupt practices in the industrialised world based on secondary sources and a few primary data.Findings – Moral renovation in Muslim societies appears to be easier to realize than in western societies once its underlying cause, notably poverty, is tackled. Self‐restraint is an absolute prerequisite for a successful fight against corruption. Organizational instruments against corruption can only succeed to elimin...
Models for cooperative oxygen binding in hemoglobin

Abstract Equilibrium measurements of oxygen binding by iron (II) and cobalt (II) picket fence porphyrins exhibit p½, δH°, and δ° values close to those of myoglobin and cobalt myoglobin respectively. In contrast the CO affinities of simple iron (II) porphyrins are much greater than those of the hemoproteins, hemoglobin (Hb) and myoglobin (Mb). This difference is apparently caused by distal residues in Hb and Mb. With sterically constrained axial bases iron (II) and cobalt (II) picket fence porphyrins exhibit lower oxygen affinities in solution–thus modeling the “T” form of Hb. In the solid state two picket fence iron(II) porphyrins exhibit reversible cooperative oxygen binding.
Ytterbium divalency and lattice disorder in near-zero thermal expansion YbGaGe

While near-zero thermal expansion (NZTE) in YbGaGe is sensitive to stoichiometry and defect concentration, the NZTE mechanism remains elusive. We present x-ray absorption spectra that show unequivocally that Yb is nearly divalent in YbGaGe and the valence does not change with temperature or with nominally 1% B or 5% C impurities, ruling out a valence-fluctuation mechanism. Moreover, substantial changes occur in the local structure around Yb with B and C inclusion. Together with inelastic neutron scattering measurements, these data indicate a strong tendency for the lattice to disorder, providing a possible explanation for NZTE in YbGaGe.
Rieffel Type Discrete Deformation of Finite Quantum Groups

We introduce a discrete deformation of Rieffel type for finite (quantum) groups. Using this, we give an example of a finite quantum group $A$ of order 18 such that neither A nor its dual can be expressed as a crossed product of the form C(G1) ⋊τG2 with G1 and G2 ordinary finite groups. We also give a deformation of finite groups of Lie type by using their maximal abelian subgroups.
Lyman Limit Systems in Cosmological Simulations

We used a cosmological simulation with self-consistent radiative transfer to investigate the physical nature of Lyman limit systems at z = 4. In agreement with previous studies, we find that most of the Lyman limit systems are ionized by the cosmological background, while higher column density systems seem to be illuminated by the local sources of radiation. In addition, we find that most of the Lyman limit systems in our simulations are located within the virial radii of galaxies with a wide range of masses and are physically associated with them (bits and pieces of galaxy formation). While the finite resolution of our simulations cannot exclude an existence of a second population of self-shielded, neutral gas clouds located in low-mass dark matter halos (minihalos), our simulations are not consistent with minihalos dominating the total abundance of Lyman limit systems.
Semiconductor-metal transition in novel Cd2Os2O7

Abstract Cd 2 Os 2 O 7 has been prepared for the first time and has the pyrochlore structure with a cubic cell edge of 10.17 A at room temperature. Electrical, magnetic, and DSC measurements on single crystals of this compound show a sharp transition at 225 K which we interpret to be an electronic, second-order, metal-semiconductor transition. The low-temperature semiconducting phase is probably antiferromagnetic.
El Niño Physics and El Niño Predictability

Much of the year-to-year climate variability on the Earth is associated with El Nino and the Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This variability is generated primarily by a coupled ocean-atmosphere instability near the eastern edge of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Here, I discuss the physics of this variability, including its phase locking to the seasonal cycle. ENSO growth typically occurs from April/May to November, and by July the perturbation is usually strong enough that it persists to the beginning of the following year, when ENSO events usually end. Consequently, predicting ENSO is easy from July to February but is more challenging across the April/May transition to the next event. I discuss precursors of this transition and recent results from dynamical and statistical models used for ENSO forecasting.
Chordal Coxeter groups

A solution of the isomorphism problem is presented for the class of Coxeter groups W that have a finite set of Coxeter generators S such that the underlying graph of the presentation diagram of the system (W,S) has the property that every cycle of length at least four has a chord. As an application, we construct counterexamples to two conjectures concerning the isomorphism problem for Coxeter groups.
Computer-Mediated Communication

The use of computers in organizations is discussed in terms of its present and potential roles in facilitating and mediating communication between people. This approach clarifies the impact that computers may have on the operation of organizations and on the individuals comprising them. Communication, which is essential to collaborative activities, must be properly controlled to protect individual and group privacy, which is equally essential. Our present understanding of the human and organizational aspects of controlling communication and access to information lags behind our technical ability to implement the controls that may be needed.
The genetics of deafness

Deafness has many recognized genetic and environmental causes. Nearly 400 forms of deafness have been identified in which the presence of associated clinical findings permits the diagnosis of a specific form of syndromic deafness. About 70–80% of genetic deafness is nonsyndromic. Molecular and histologic studies of messenger RNA (mRNA) synthesis have allowed the developmental stage, tissues, and cells in which these genes are expressed to be determined, resulting in an ever more detailed understanding of the molecular basis of hearing. Several large classes of proteins are known that are typically required to initiate the transcription of mRNA. Advances in human genetics have posed many ethical questions, related to such areas as privacy, autonomy, prenatal diagnosis, stem cell research, and the rights of children. Alexander Graham Bell's involvement with the eugenics movement may have had a lasting influence on the attitudes of the deaf community toward genetics.
PRECISION OF MESH-TYPE REFLECTORS FOR LARGE SPACE-BORNE ANTENNAS*

Knitted mesh reflectors for deploy able, large antennas are shown to conform to minimal surfaces, bounded by the mesh supporting structural members. Closed-form expressions and tabulated values are derived for the root mean square deviation of the mesh from the ideal, parabolic reflector. It is shown that for cylindrical antennas with quadrilateral bays and axisymmetric antennas, particularly those with strong offset of the antenna feed, substantial improvements in precision can be obtained by providing curvature to the mesh supports. Expressions are given for the optimal curvatures.
Performance of FH/BFSK with generalized fading in worst case partial-band Gaussian interference

For frequency-hopped (noncoherent) binary frequency shift keying (FH/BFSK) on a worst-case partial-band Gaussian interference channel, the bit error probability results are well known for the extreme cases where the signal is either nonfading or Rayleigh fading. In this work, the region between these extremes is filled in by considering the general Nakagami-m fading model. The worst-case partial-band Gaussian interference results are given by a one-parameter family which for m to infinity gives the Viterbi-Jacobs nonfading result, and for m=1 gives the Rayleigh fading result. In the latter case, a broadband interference strategy is optimal. Thus, the Nakagami-m results provide a smooth one-parameter bridge between the Viterbi-Jacobs channel and the Rayleigh fading channel. The results show that the worst-case interference fraction rho increases as the fading variance increases, up to Rayleigh fading. Any fading less severe than Rayleigh, however slight the departure from Rayleigh, requires a partial-band strategy for sufficiently large E/sub b//N/sub I/. >
SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE EVENTS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLAR WIND

We examine statistically some properties of 96 20 MeV gradual solar energetic proton (SEP) events as a function of three different types of solar wind (SW) as classified by Richardson and Cane. Gradual SEP (E > 10 MeV) events are produced in shocks driven by fast (V 900 km s–1) and wide (W > 60°) coronal mass ejections (CMEs). We find no differences among the transient, fast, and slow SW streams for SEP 20 MeV proton event timescales. It has recently been found that the peak intensities Ip of these SEP events scale with the ~2 MeV proton background intensities, which may be a proxy for the near-Sun shock seed particles. Both the intensities Ip and their 2 MeV backgrounds are significantly enhanced in transient SW compared to those of fast and slow SW streams, and the values of Ip normalized to the 2 MeV backgrounds only weakly correlate with CME V for all SW types. This result implies that forecasts of SEP events could be improved by monitoring both the Sun and the local SW stream properties and that the well known power-law size distributions of Ip may differ between transient and long-lived SW streams. We interpret an observed correlation between CME V and the 2 MeV background for SEP events in transient SW as a manifestation of enhanced solar activity.
Daytime photoelectric measurement of cloud heights

Information on the height of the cloud ceiling, vitally important to airplane pilots, now may be obtained during the day as well as at night. The use of the “ceiling projector” has been extended to daytime measurements by means of a photoelectric detector developed by the National Bureau of Standards for the United States Weather Bureau.
Fear of the Few: John Adams and the Power Elite

The political thought that informed the design of the United States Constitution largely neglected the danger posed by socioeconomic elites. The writings of John Adams, I contend, are exceptional in this regard. Using Adams’s writings as a vantage point, this article exposes two important blind spots in mainstream Founding-era thought and the Constitution it informed. Whereas the likes of Hamilton and Madison insisted that majorities held the clear preponderance of power in republican America, Adams maintained that an elite of wealth, birth, and beauty retained overwhelming power even after the abolition of formal distinctions. And whereas Federalists sought security against the threat of majority tyranny, Adams’s principal fear was of aristocratic tyranny—specifically, the tendency of the elite few to undermine both popular representation and effective government.
Endogenous Exchange Rate Volatility, Trading Volume and Interest Rate Differentials in a Model of Portfolio Selection

This paper considers a portfolio model of exchange rate determination and focuses on endogenous sources of exchange rate volatility. It is shown that, in addition to volatility transmitted by conditionally heteroskedastic interest rates, the larger the serial correlation in interest rates the stronger the effect of interest rate differentials on exchange rate volatility. These features are supported by the data. The paper also looks at the volume–volatility relationship implied by the model.
Lagged Reactions in Short-Run Estimates of Tax Shifting of Company Income and Sales Taxes in Kenya

Abstract The aim is to provide some insights into the short-run dynamics of tax shifting. Using Kenyan cross-section data on firms for 1974 and 1975, estimates are made of current and lagged shifting for both the company income and sales taxes. One of the findings is that the income tax is over-fully shifted. Because this outcome regularly occurs in the empirical literature of tax shifting, the main theoretical effort of the paper is devoted to explaining this result. A Williamson-type model is developed which attributes any excess of 100% shifting to reductions in managerial slack that accompany increases in the income tax.
A case study of a young child doing turtle graphics in LOGO

This paper explores some important issues with regard to using computers in education. It probes into the question of what programming ideas and projects will engage young children. In particular, a seven year old child's involvement in turtle graphics is presented as a case study.
Phylogenetic relationships among venomous snakes of the genus Agkistrodon from Asia and the North American continent.

AMONG a great number of venomous snakes, Agkistrodon is the only genus which is found in both Asia and the North American continent. The Asiatic members of Agkistrodon consist of seven species and range from Japan, Formosa, China, south-east Asia (excluding Celebes and Philippines), India, Central Asia and southern Siberia, to the borders of the Caspian Sea and the Ural River. Three species of Agkistrodon are distributed on the North and central American continents, and are found in the south-eastern portion of the United States, all of Mexico and most of Central America. The Agkistrodon of Asia and America are morphologically similar.
Magnetic Screening in Accreting Neutron Stars

We investigate whether the magnetic field of an accreting neutron star may be diamagnetically screened by the accreted matter. We assume the freshly accumulated material is unmagnetized and calculate the rate at which the intrinsic stellar magnetic flux is transported into it via Ohmic diffusion from below. For very high accretion rates (larger than the Eddington rate Edd), Brown & Bildsten have shown that the liquid ocean and outer crust of the neutron star are built up on a timescale much shorter than the Ohmic penetration time. We extend their work to lower accretion rates and calculate the resulting screening of the magnetic field. We find that the Ohmic diffusion and accretion timescales are equal for ≈ 0.1 Edd. We calculate the one-dimensional steady state magnetic field profiles and show that the magnetic field strength decreases as one moves up through the outer crust and ocean by n orders of magnitude, where n ≈ /0.02 Edd. We show that these profiles are unstable to buoyancy instabilities when B 1010-1011 G in the ocean, providing a new limit on the strength of the buried field. Our results have interesting implications for the weakly magnetic neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries. We find that magnetic screening is ineffective for < 10-2 Edd, so that, no matter how the accreted material joins onto the star, the underlying stellar field should always be evident. This is consistent with the fact that the only known persistently pulsing accreting X-ray millisecond pulsar, SAX J1808.4-3658, has an unusually low accretion rate of ~ 10-3 Edd. Although the simplified magnetic and accretion geometry we adopt here does not allow us to definitively say so, we are led to suggest that perhaps most of the weakly magnetic neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries have a screened magnetic field, explaining the lack of persistent pulsations from these sources. If screened, then the underlying field will emerge after accretion halts, on a timescale of only 100-1000 yr, set by the Ohmic diffusion time across the outer crust.
High-resolution detectors for imaging and spectroscopy at ultraviolet and soft X-ray wavelengths

The Multi-Anode Microchannel Arrays (MAMAs) are a family of pulse-counting imaging array detectors designed specifically for astrophysical investigations in space. The MAMAs have a number of unique performance characteristics which make them particularly suitable for imaging and spectroscopy at ultraviolet and soft x-ray wavelengths. First, they employ "solar blind" photocathodes eliminating the "red leak" problem associated with solid state arrays such as the CCDs. Second, they operate with zero readout noise, yielding photon-statistics limited signals. Third, they utilize a random readout technique and can determine both the location of a detected photon and also its arrival time to an accuracy of the order of 100 ns. This paper will give an overview of the construction, mode-of-operation and performance characteristics of the MAMA detectors and will describe the current status of the development program.
Application of Elastic Wedge for Vibration Damping of Turbine Blade

Flexural waves traveling in an elastic wedge (plate whose thickness decreases towards zero following a power law function) are not reflected back and accumulate at the zero thickness edge what results in a very efficient damping. In practice reflection always occurs because manufacturing a zero thickness edge is not possible. To solve that problem Krylov proposed the addition of a small quantity of damping material on the thinner edge of the plate what results in very effective damping. In this paper, the application of elastic wedges to reduce the vibrations of turbine blades is investigated. The objectives of this research are to evaluate the damping effectiveness of elastic wedge theory in blades and second, to evaluate a non-polymeric material as vibration damping material. In this way, the vibration energy of the blade is dissipated by the damping material and, at the same time, high temperature and low strength problems characteristic of polymeric damping materials are prevented. First, a FEM modal analysis of a simplified blade model is performed to understand the effects that the elastic wedge has on the modal shapes and frequencies of the blade. Next, to evaluate the damping levels achieved, a frequency response of the simplified blade model with and without elastic wedge is evaluated with the added damping material. The results show that elastic wedge theory combined non-polymeric damping materials can be an efficient method to reduce vibrations of turbine blades or similar applications.
53BP1 expression is a modifier of the prognostic value of lymph node ratio and CA 19–9 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

53BP1 binds to the tumor suppressor p53 and has a key role in DNA damage response and repair. Low 53BP1 expression has been associated with decreased survival in breast cancer and has been shown to interact with several prognostic factors in non-small cell lung cancer. The role of 53BP1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has yet to be determined. We aimed to investigate whether 53BP1 levels interact with established prognostic factors in PDAC. 106 patients for whom there was tissue available at time of surgical resection for PDAC were included. A tissue microarray was constructed using surgical specimens, stained with antibodies to 53BP1, and scored for expression intensity. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were performed to investigate the association between 53BP1 and patient survival with known prognostic factors for survival. The association of 53BP1 with several established prognostic factors was examined, including stage, tumor grade, surgical margin, peripancreatic extension, lymph node ratio (LNR), and CA 19–9. We found that 53BP1 modified the effects of known prognostic variables including LNR and CA 19–9 on survival outcomes. When 53BP1 intensity was low, increased LNR was associated with decreased OS (HR 4.84, 95% CI (2.26, 10.37), p<0.001) and high CA19-9 was associated with decreased OS (HR 1.72, 95% CI (1.18, 2.51), p=0.005). When 53BP1 intensity was high, LNR and CA19-9 were no longer associated with OS (p=0.958 and p=0.606, respectively). In this study, 53BP1, a key player in DNA damage response and repair, was found to modify the prognostic value of two established prognostic factors, LNR and CA 19–9, suggesting 53BP1 may alter tumor behavior and ultimately impact how we interpret the value of other prognostic factors.
The Population of Weak Mg II Absorbers. I. A Survey of 26 QSO HIRES/Keck Spectra* **

We present a search for weak Mg II absorbers [those with Wr(2796) (2796)=0.02 A and that this is primarily a high-metallicity selection effect ([Z/Z☉] ≥ -1). This implies that Mg II absorbing structures figure prominently as tracers of sub-LLS environments where gas has been processed by stars. We compare the number density of Wr(2796) ≥ 0.02 A absorbers with that of both high and low surface brightness galaxies and find a fiducial absorber size of 35 h-1-63 h-1 kpc, depending upon the assumed galaxy population and their absorption properties. The individual absorbing clouds have Wr(2796) ≤ 0.15 A, and their narrow (often unresolved) line widths imply temperatures of ~25,000 K. We measured Wr(1548) from C IV in Faint Object Spectrograph/Hubble Space Telescope archival spectra and, based upon comparisons with Fe II, found a range of ionization conditions (low, high, and multiphase) in absorbers selected by weak Mg II.
Synthesis of 2,2,4‐trisubstituted‐1,2‐dihydroquinazolines

Synthesis of 2,2,4-trisubstituted-1,2-dihydroquinazolines 6 from readily available 2-aminobenzonitrile (1) is described. The scope and limitations of the method are discussed.
Malignant hyperpyrexia during anesthesia in childhood.

Abstract Malignant hyperpyrexia is a highly lethal complication of general anesthesia. It occurs with sufficient frequency, particularly in children and young adults, to justify use of continuous temperature monitoring during administration of general anesthesia. Fever may be a late manifestation of the malignant hyperpyrexia syndrome, and it is important to be aware of the early signs. Prompt recognition and aggressive management should lower the high mortality known to occur with this complication. Family members should be screened for CPK elevations to determine possible susceptibility to malignant hyperpyrexia. Two case reports illustrate these points of diagnosis and management.
Aerodynamic testing at low Reynolds numbers

Analyse de donnees d'essai d'ailes Wortmann FX 63-137 pour des nombres de Reynolds de 50000 a 500000. On etudie l'influence des techniques de montage du modele sur la precision des donnees. La turbulence et les perturbations acoustiques alterent le comportement de l'aile au decrochage
Achieving good connectivity in motion graphs

Motion graphs have been widely successful in the synthesis of human motions. However, the quality of the generated motions depends heavily on the connectivity of the graphs and the quality of transitions in them. Achieving both of these criteria simultaneously though is difficult. Good connectivity requires transitions between less similar poses, while good motion quality requires transitions only between very similar poses. This paper introduces a new method for building motion graphs. The method first builds a set of interpolated motion clips, which contains many more similar poses than the original data set. The method then constructs a well-connected motion graph (wcMG), by using as little of the interpolated motion clip frames as necessary to provide good connectivity and only smooth transitions. Based on experiments, wcMGs outperform standard motion graphs across different measures, generate good quality motions, allow for high responsiveness in interactive control applications, and do not even require post-processing of the synthesized motions.
Optimal Data-Dependent Hashing for Approximate Near Neighbors

We show an optimal data-dependent hashing scheme for the approximate near neighbor problem. For an n-point dataset in a d-dimensional space our data structure achieves query time O(d ⋅ nρ+o(1)) and space O(n1+ρ+o(1) + d ⋅ n), where ρ=1/(2c2-1) for the Euclidean space and approximation c>1. For the Hamming space, we obtain an exponent of ρ=1/(2c-1). Our result completes the direction set forth in (Andoni, Indyk, Nguyen, Razenshteyn 2014) who gave a proof-of-concept that data-dependent hashing can outperform classic Locality Sensitive Hashing (LSH). In contrast to (Andoni, Indyk, Nguyen, Razenshteyn 2014), the new bound is not only optimal, but in fact improves over the best (optimal) LSH data structures (Indyk, Motwani 1998) (Andoni, Indyk 2006) for all approximation factors c>1.From the technical perspective, we proceed by decomposing an arbitrary dataset into several subsets that are, in a certain sense, pseudo-random.
Smoothness of Correlations in the Anderson Model at Strong Disorder

We study the higher-order correlation functions of covariant families of observables associated with random Schrodinger operators on the lattice in the strong disorder regime. We prove that if the distribution of the random variables has a density analytic in a strip about the real axis, then these correlation functions are analytic functions of the energy outside of the planes corresponding to coincident energies. In particular, this implies the analyticity of the density of states, and of the current-current correlation function outside of the diagonal. Consequently, this proves that the current-current correlation function has an analytic density outside of the diagonal at strong disorder.
Synthesis, structure, and characterization of two new polar sodium tungsten selenites: Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2.

Two new quaternary sodium tungsten selenites, Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O (P31c) and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2 (C2), have been synthesized and characterized. The former exhibits a hexagonal tungsten oxide layered structure, whereas the latter has a one-dimensional “ribbon” structure. The layers and “ribbons” consist of distorted WO6 and asymmetric SeO3 polyhedra. The layers in Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and the “ribbons” in Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2 are separated by Na+ cations. Powder second-harmonic-generation (SHG) measurements on Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2 using 1064 nm radiation reveal SHG efficiencies of approximately 450× and 20× α-SiO2, respectively. Particle size versus SHG efficiency measurements indicate that the materials are type 1 non-phase-matchable. Converse piezoelectric measurements result in d33 values of approximately 23 and 12 pm/V, whereas pyroelectric measurements reveal coefficients of −0.41 and −1.10 μC/m2·K at 60 °C for Na2(WO3)3(SeO3)·2H2O and Na6(W6O19)(SeO3)2, respectively. Frequency-depen...
Coronary and Aortic Calcification Among Women 8 Years After Menopause and Their Premenopausal Risk Factors The Healthy Women Study

In the Healthy Women Study, the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors measured premenopausally at age 48, use of hormone therapy, and coronary and aortic calcification at age 58 were evaluated among 169 women. Approximately 63% of women had no coronary calcification, but only 29% had no aortic calcification. Coronary calcification and aortic calcification were positively correlated with each other. There was a very strong association between low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level and coronary calcification. Among women with premenopausal levels of LDL-C /=101 compared with 30% of women with an LDL-C >160 mg/dL. Only 5% of women with a high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level >60 mg/dL had high coronary scores. The level of HDL(2)-C was especially strongly inversely related to coronary calcium scores. Cigarette smoking was a very important determinant of both high aortic and high coronary calcium scores. Other risk factors associated with greater coronary calcium were higher systolic blood pressure, triglycerides levels, and blood glucose. Use of hormone replacement therapy was associated with less coronary calcium (NS). For both hormone replacement therapy users and nonusers, the levels of LDL-C and HDL-C measured premenopausally were predictors of coronary and aortic calcium scores. Thus, risk factors evaluated premenopausally are powerful predictors of coronary and aortic calcification, a marker of atherosclerosis, measured 8 years after menopause, 11 years later in these women.
Uplink array concept demonstration with the EPOXI spacecraft

Uplink array technology is currently being developed for NASA's Deep Space Network (DSN), to provide greater range and data throughput for future NASA missions, including manned missions to Mars and exploratory missions to the outer planets, the Kuiper belt, and beyond. The DSN uplink arrays employ N microwave antennas transmitting at X-band to produce signals that add coherently at the spacecraft, thereby providing a power gain of N2 over a single antenna. This gain can be traded off directly for N2 higher data rate at a given distance such as Mars, providing, for example, HD quality video broadcast from earth to a future manned mission, or it can provide a given data-rate for commands and software uploads at a distance N times greater than possible with a single antenna. The uplink arraying concept has been recently demonstrated using the three operations 34-meter antennas of the Apollo complex at Goldstone, CA, which transmitted arrayed signals to the EPOXI spacecraft. Both two-element and three-element uplink arrays were configured, and the theoretical array gains of 6 dB and 9.5 dB, respectively, were demonstrated experimentally. This required initial phasing of the array elements, the generation of accurate frequency predicts to maintain phase from each antenna despite relative velocity components due to earth-rotation and spacecraft trajectory, and monitoring of the ground system phase for possible drifts caused by thermal effects over the 16 km fiber-optic signal distribution network. This provides a description of the equipment and techniques used to demonstrate the uplink arraying concept in a relevant operational environment. Data collected from the EPOXI spacecraft was analyzed to verify array calibration, array gain, and system stability over the entire five hour duration of this experiment.
Composite fermions in the Hilbert space of the lowest electronic Landau level

Single particle basis functions for composite fermions are obtained from which many-composite fermion states confined to the lowest electronic Landau level can be constructed in the standard manner, i.e. by building Slater determinants. This representation enables a Monte Carlo study of systems containing a large number of composite fermions, yielding new quantitative and qualitative information. The ground state energy and the gaps to charged and neutral excitations are computed for a number of fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) states, earlier off-limits to a quantitative investigation. The ground state energies are estimated to be accurate to ~0.1% and the gaps at the level of a few percent. It is also shown that at Landau level fillings smaller than or equal to 1/9 the FQHE is unstable to a spontaneous creation of excitons of composite fermions. In addition, this approach provides new conceptual insight into the structure of the composite fermion wave functions, resolving in the affirmative the question of whether it is possible to motivate the composite fermion theory entirely within the lowest Landau level, without appealing to higher Landau levels.
Application of the double Pauson-Khand cyclization to the synthesis of bis(cyclopentadienes): preparation of phenyl-bridged bis(tetrahydroindenyl)titanium and zirconium dichlorides

Abstract We have demonstrated a very efficient (5 steps, 28% yield from 1-octen-7-yne and 1,2-diiodobenzene) and novel synthesis of 1,2-bis(9-bicyclo[4.3.0]-non-1,6-dinyl)benzen. We utilized for the firstime in a bis(cyclopentadiene) synthesis the double Pauson-Khand cyclization and Shapiro-elimination methods. The double Pauson-Khand cyclization is also successful in the preparation of ethylene-bridged bis(cyclopentadienes). A novel iodine-promoted elimination of allyl methyl ethers was also applied in the preparation of bis(cyclopentadienes). The solid state structure of 1,2-bis(9-bicyclo[4.3.0]-non-1,6-dienyl)benzenedichlorotitanium ( dl - 4a ) was obtained and it shows a very obtuse angle between the cyclopentadienyl substituents. The crstallographic data for dl - 4a are as follows: C 24 H 24 Cl 2 Ti, monoclinic, C2/c. a = 15.805(2) A , b = 11.027(2) A , c = 13.323(3) A , β = 121.40(3)°, volume 1981.9 A 3 , Z = 4, R = 4.41, R w = 6.92%, goodness of fit 2.96.
The Shape of Cas A

On the basis of optical, IR, and X-ray studies of Cas A, we propose a geometry for the remnant based on a "jet-induced" scenario with significant systematic departures from axial symmetry. In this model, the main jet axis is oriented in the direction of strong blueshifted motion at an angle of 110°-120° east of north and about 40°-50° to the east of the line of sight. Normal to this axis would be an expanding torus as predicted by jet-induced models. In the proposed geometry, iron-peak elements in the main jetlike flow could appear "beyond" the portions of the remnant rich in silicon by projection effects, not the effect of mixing. In the context of the proposed geometry, the displacement of the compact object from the kinematic center of the remnant at a position angle of ~169° can be accommodated if the motion of the compact object is near to, but slightly off from, the direction of the main "jet" axis by of order 30°. In this model, the classical NE "jet," the SW "counterjet," and other protrusions, particularly the "hole" in the north, are nonaxisymmetric flows approximately in the equatorial plane, e.g., out through the perimeter of the expanding torus, rather than being associated with the main jet. We explore the spokelike flow in the equatorial plane in terms of Rayleigh-Taylor, Richtmyer-Meshkov, and Kelvin-Helmholz instabilities and illustrate these instabilities with a jet-induced simulation.
Constrained Layer Damping Treatments for Microstructures

This paper presents a bulk micromachining process to fabricate micro-constrained layer treatments (MCLT) on a microstructure to increase its damping, and demonstrates the damping improvement through calibrated experiments. MCLT consists of a silicon base structure (e.g., beams or plates), a viscoelastic photoresist layer, and an aluminum constraining layer. Silicon base beams and plates are fabricated from {100} wafer through Ethylene-Diamine-Pyrocatechol etch and buffered oxide etch. A 4.5-μm thick photoresist AZ4620 is spun on the silicon base beam as the viscoelastic layer. Finally, an aluminum layer is deposited through low-pressure vapor deposition as the constraining layer. To evaluate damping performance of MCLT, silicon beams with and without MCLT are subjected to swept-sine excitations by PZT from 0 to 100 kHz. In addition, a laser Doppler vibrometer and a spectrum analyzer measured frequency response functions (FRF) of the specimen. A finite element analysis identifies the resonance modes measured in FRF. Experimental results confirm that MCLT can increase damping of silicon beams by at least 40%. Significantly better damping performance is expected, if the loss factor of the viscoelastic layer is increased.
Robust, anonymous RFID authentication with constant key-lookup

A considerable number of anonymous RFID authentication schemes have been proposed. However, current proposals either do not provide robust security guarantees, or suffer from scalability issues when the number of tags issued by the system is very large. In this paper, we focus on approaches that reconcile these important requirements. In particular, we seek to reduce the complexity of identifying tags by the back-end server in anonymous RFID authentication protocols---what we term the key-lookup problem.We propose a compiler that transforms a generic RFID authentication protocol (supporting anonymity) into one that achieves the same guarantees with constant key-lookup cost even when the number of tags is very large. This approach uses a lightweight one-way trapdoor function and produces protocols that are suitable for deployment into current tag architectures. We then explore the issue of minimal assumptions required, and show that one-way trapdoor functions are necessary to achieve highly scalable, robustly secure solutions. We then relax the requirement of unlinkable anonymity, and consider scalable solutions that are provably secure and for which the loss of privacy is minimal.
The interaction of hydrocarbons with copper-nickel and nickel in the formation of carbon filaments

Abstract We have carried out a comprehensive investigation of the interaction of selected hydrocarbons with coppernickel and nickel catalysts. Detailed analysis of both the yield of gaseous products and the amount of solid carbon deposited on the catalyst surfaces has enabled us to account for the entire course of the reaction and postulate the structural arrangements of reactive intermediates formed in the various systems. The excessive amount of methane produced from the coppernickel/ethylene interaction cannot be accounted for purely on the basis of hydrogasification and is believed to result from the formation of an “ethylidyne” intermediate. In contrast, nickel forms a strong bond with both carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon and in this case only minor amounts of methane are produced. It was found that coppernickel reacted very readily with ethylene at 600°C, whereas under the same conditions the presence of hydrogen was required to moderate interaction between the hydrocarbon and nickel. Both catalysts underwent direct reaction with acetylene at 600°C, but showed no tendency to decompose methane at temperatures below 900°C.
THE COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT AND COSMOLOGICAL CHANGE

Is the Universe of infinite extent, or is it a finite system? Will it expand forever, or will it reach some maximum size before turning and collapsing upon itself like an inverse Big Bang? Just a few years ago, models of the conventional Friedman types were showing consistent, albeit tentative, evidence for an open, ever‐expanding Universe. Since then, further data and theory have inevitably conspired to blur the appealing simplicity of that picture. In this article I will show how the Friedman models fare in the light of new developments—particularly the recognition of a whole new class of evolutionary corrections to the properties of distant galaxies (see figure 1), and a proposed reinstatement of Einstein's disinherited cosmological constant. We shall see that the basic questions, posed above, are still unanswered.
Can Union Labor Ever Cost Less

This paper examines the effect of unions on efficiency by estimating cost function systems over three different sets of construction projects. The results show that union contractors have greater economies of scale. This gives them a cost advantage in large commercial office buildings, but in school and hospital construction, nonunion contractors have lower costs at all output levels. Despite the cost differences, profits for nonunion contractors in school and hospital construction are no higher than those for union contractors because the burden of higher union costs is shifted to buyers.