cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cascading Failure Analysis for Ocean Energy Turbine Generator Arrays

Underwater ocean turbines are an emerging technology for renewable energy production that taps fast-moving ocean currents, like the Gulf Stream, to alleviate the need for clean energy. Realistic installations with underwater turbines will involve large arrays with thousands of devices interconnected in an interdependent multi-layer network topology. The complexity of the design of such systems comes from a high risk of device failure operating in a dynamic environment and a high connectivity via power, data, and mooring lines. Dealing with this complexity requires a scalable solution for investigating the conditions in which cascading failures can occur and the magnitude of such failures. In this paper we describe a simulation framework for a multi-layer interdependent network and we look into cascading failures for ocean turbine arrays in scenarios with different initial conditions, power/data network topologies, and mooring configurations. Simulation results indicate a higher sensitivity of the cascade growth to initial load parameters near the lower bound and also point out that increased connectivity makes cascade failures more certain.
Understanding Anxiety and Symptom Impact as Mediators Explaining Cognitive-Behavior Therapy and Pharmacotherapy Response in Childhood Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating psychiatric condition with an onset typically during childhood. Evidence-based treatments include cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. This study evaluates the extent that anxiety and OCD-related impairment may mediate symptom improvement during treatment. Data from a randomized treatment trial comparing CBT with placebo, CBT with standard sertraline dosing, and CBT with slowly titrated sertraline were evaluated to understand the extent to which anxiety and OCD-related impairment were systematically associated with improvement. Using correspondence analysis techniques, results generally supported that anxiety and OCD-related impairment mediated OCD symptom improvement. Anxiety and OCD-related impairment had attenuated effects on symptom improvement in those receiving CBT with slowly titrated sertraline, while both CBT with placebo and CBT with sertraline were comparable in efficacy. In addition to targeting OCD severity, treatment should also focus on anxiety and OCD-related impairment.
Time and the dream

This paper is a contribution to a theory of duration and subjective time in dream and waking consciousness. According to microgenetic theory, an act of thought begins, Wittgenstein wrote, and psych...
The Ten Most-Cited Papers in Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting: 2009 vs. 2011

This paper presents the ten papers from the Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting with the most Google Scholar citations. I find that nine out of ten papers from the 2009 list are on this 2011 list suggesting that the most cited papers are a relatively stable set at this time. Further, I find that the ten most cited papers account for roughly 70% of the citations for the journal, to-date. Finally, over the last two years eight of the ten most cited have at least as many citations as they did over the first five years of the journal, and for that eight, there were twice as many citations from 2009 to 2011, as there were from 2004 to 2009.
Molecular characterization of atherosclerosis in HIV positive persons.

People living with HIV are at higher risk of atherosclerosis (AS). The pathogenesis of this risk is not fully understood. To assess the regulatory networks involved in AS we sequenced mRNA of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and measured cytokine and chemokine levels in the plasma of 13 persons living with HIV and 12 matched HIV-negative persons with and without AS. microRNAs (miRNAs) are known to play a role in HIV infection and may modulate gene regulation to drive AS. Hence, we further assessed miRNA expression in PBMCs of a subset of 12 HIV+ people with and without atherosclerosis. We identified 12 miRNAs differentially expressed between HIV+ AS+ and HIV+ , and validated 5 of those by RT-qPCR. While a few of these miRNAs have been implicated in HIV and atherosclerosis, others are novel. Integrating miRNA measurements with mRNA, we identified 27 target genes including SLC4A7, a critical sodium and bicarbonate transporter, that are potentially dysregulated during atherosclerosis. Additionally, we uncovered that levels of plasma cytokines were associated with transcription factor activity and miRNA expression in PBMCs. For example, BACH2 activity was associated with IL-1β, IL-15, and MIP-1α. IP10 and TNFα levels were associated with miR-124-3p. Finally, integration of all data types into a single network revealed increased importance of miRNAs in network regulation of the HIV+ group in contrast with increased importance of cytokines in the HIV+ AS+ group.
Deep learned process parameterizations provide better representations of turbulent heat fluxes in hydrologic models

Deep learning (DL) methods have shown great promise for accurately predicting hydrologic processes but have not yet reached the complexity of traditional process-based hydrologic models (PBHM) in t...
Probabilistic and parallel algorithms for centroidal Voronoi tessellations with application to meshless computing and numerical analysis on surfaces

Centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CVT) are Voronoi tessellations of a region such that the generating points of the tessellations are also the centroids of the corresponding Voronoi regions. Such tessellations are of use in very diverse applications, including data compression, clustering analysis, cell biology, territorial behavior of animals, optimal allocation of resources, and grid generation. A detailed review is given in Chapter 1. In Chapter 2, some probabilistic methods for determining centroidal Voronoi tessel­ lations and their parallel implementation on distributed memory systems are presented. The results of computational experiments performed on a CRAY T3E-600 system are given for each algorithm. These demonstrate the superior sequential and parallel per­ formance of a new algorithm we introduce. Then, new algorithms are presented in Chapter 3 for the determination of point sets and associated support regions that can then be used in meshless computing methods. The algorithms are probabilistic in nature so that they are totally meshfree, i.e., they do not require, at any stage, the use of any coarse or fine boundary conforming or su­ perimposed meshes. Computational examples are provided that show, for both uniform and nonuniform point distributions, that the algorithms result in high-quality point sets and high-quality support regions. The extensions of centroidal Voronoi tessellations to general spaces and sets are also available. For example, tessellations of surfaces in an Euclidean space may be considered. In Chapter 4, a precise definition of such constrained centroidal Voronoi tessellations (CCVT's) is given and a number of their properties are derived, including
Limitations of the transcallosal transchoroidal approach to the third ventricle.

Object The aim of this study was to determine the anatomical limitations of the transcallosal transchoroidal approach to the third ventricle. Methods Twenty-six formalin-fixed specimens were studied. Sagittal dissections were used to determine the anatomical relationships of the foramen of Monro, the angle of approach to landmarks, and placement of a callosotomy. Lateral ventricular dissections were performed to quantitate the forniceal anatomy. Results The foramen of Monro was found 1.07 ± 0.11 cm superior and slightly anterior to the mammillary bodies, 1.48 ± 0.16 cm posterosuperior to the optic recess, and 2.26 ± 0.16 cm anterosuperior to the aqueduct. Relative to the genu, a callosal incision 2.64 ± 0.53 cm long and angled 37 ± 4.3° anterior was needed to access the aqueduct, and an incision 4.92 ± 0.71 cm long and angled 49 ± 7.4° posterior was needed to access the optic recess. The fornix progressively widened within the lateral ventricle, from 1.25 ± 0.63 mm at the foramen of Monro to > 7 mm at 2 c...
Robust influence functionals for image filtering

Based on nonparametric statistics, we propose robust variational filters for image denoising. The approach is a result of optimizing smooth statistical influence functionals subject to some noise constraints. Substantiating numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the potential and the good performance of the proposed algorithms in environmental image filtering.
THE EFFECT OF FATHER'S PRESENCE ON POSTSECONDARY EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT AMONG WHITES AND BLACKS

Previous studies (e.g., Wolfle, 1985) that have examined black-white differences in models of educational attainment have in general only looked at intact families, with fathers present. But such family configurations are less characteristic of blacks than of whites. The analysis reported here compares a model of educational attainment for whites and blacks that explicitly measures the presence of the father in the household. The results indicate that no substantial differences are to be found in the process of educational attainment for whites and blacks when father's presence is controlled.
Multiple-point contact with friction: Computing forces and motions in configuration space

This article summarizes ideas on representing translational friction and computing reaction forces in configuration space. The configuration space of an object is the parameter space describing the object's degrees of freedom. Kinematic constraints imposed on the object by obstacles in the environment may be represented as hypersurfaces in the configuration space. Physical and dynamical constraints such as those imposed by friction may be represented as constraints in the generalized force space that accompanies the configuration space. This article develops a representation of friction in this generalized force space that is analogous to the classical friction cone in real space.
Examining the effectiveness and robustness of sequential data assimilation methods for quantification of uncertainty in hydrologic forecasting

[1] In hydrologic modeling, state-parameter estimation using data assimilation techniques is increasing in popularity. Several studies, using both the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) and the particle filter (PF) to estimate both model states and parameters have been published in recent years. Though there is increasing interest and a growing literature in this area, relatively little research has been presented to examine the effectiveness and robustness of these methods to estimate uncertainty. This study suggests that state-parameter estimation studies need to provide a more rigorous testing of these techniques than has previously been presented. With this in mind, this paper presents a study with multiple calibration replicates and a range of performance measures to test the ability of each technique to calibrate two separate hydrologic models. The results show that the EnKF is consistently overconfident in predicting streamflow, which relates to the assumption of a Gaussian error structure. In addition, the EnKF and PF were found to perform similarly in terms of tracking the observations with an expected value, but the potential for filter divergence in the EnKF is highlighted.
A Virtue Ethics Critique of Silverstone's Media Hospitality

Roger Silverstone (2007) proposed media hospitality as an important element of media ethics. I agree that media hospitality can make a valuable contribution to media ethics. However, I have doubts about grounding media hospitality in what has been referred to as the “deductive abstractions and absolutist language of much media ethics theorizing” founded on Enlightenment assumptions. Despite his own reservations about Enlightenment theorizing, I propose that Silverstone's account ultimately suffers from these problems of abstraction and absolutism, as seen most clearly from the vantage point of Alasdair MacIntyre's neo-Aristotelian theory of virtue ethics.
Bifurcations in Insect Morphogenesis I

Two of the most fundamental problems in developmental biology are the manner in which cells in different regions of an embryo come to adopt different developmental programs, and the relation between such different programs. The purpose of this lecture is to indicate how bifurcations in reaction-diffusion systems may offer new insights into these problems. The discussion will center on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster.
Inflammatory Myopathy Causing Leg Pain in a Soccer Player: Case Report and Return-to-Play Considerations

Leg pain is a common condition in athletes as well as in the general population, and has a broad differential diagnosis that includes musculoskeletal, vascular, rheumatologic, and neurologic etiologies. Idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IM) is a relatively uncommon but recognized etiology of leg pain. In this case, we describe an acute presentation of IM in an athlete resulting in leg pain and activity limitation. The available literature suggests that moderate-intensity exercise is safe and beneficial in idiopathic IM, but studies to date have not assessed the effects of high-intensity exercise in IM or provided recommendations for return to competitive contact sport in this population.
Studies on Pigmented Microorganisms from Aphotic Marine Environments. II. North Atlantic DISTRIBUTION1

Samples collected on three cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea indicate the existence of regional differences in the so-called “olive-green cells,” visible throughout most of the 5,000-m water column, which appear to be related to euphotic phytoplankton activities. Despite the observed regionality in cell concentrations the mean vertical pattern of distribution for each cruise is identical Microscopic observations and settling rate calculations suggest that clumping of cells may be an important mechanism aiding the vertical transport of these microorganisms through the water column. Average estimates of the carbon represented by these cells yielded a range of 0.59–0.05 µg C/liter, which accounted for about 10% of the total particulate organic carbon present at 400 and 4,800 m, respectively. However small these variations, they clearly demonstrate the variability in deep water of at least one component of the total particulate organic carbon pool. Microzooplankton are suggested as the most likely predators on these cells, which average 3.5-µ diameter. Since the standing stock of olive-green cells is exceedingly small, any assessment of their importance as a nutritional source in deep water is intimately related with estimates of their renewal rate.
Cooperative robotic map correlation from relative position and terrain slope measurements

A method has been developed to register navigation to map coordinates using multiple robotic vehicles. The method involves measuring the relative positions of all the vehicles and correlating that template to the terrain map to generate candidate map registration values. The root sum squares (RSS) of the differences between the measured maps counterparts are computed for all possible positions of the vehicle template on the map. A lower threshold is set on the RSS differences to establish candidate locations. A grid of points around each vehicle location is established and correlation products, based on map-fitted north-south and east-west slopes for the individual vehicles over all unique candidate pairings, are computed. Vehicles demonstrating the most negatively (i.e., minimum) correlated product sums in the cardinal directions are moved and the cycle is repeated until location convergence is achieved.
Social Constructionism, Adventure Education, and the Role of Facilitator in Collaborative Learning

Social Constructionism, Adventure Education, and the Role of Facilitator in Collaborative Learning
Changes in antipsychotic use among patients with severe mental illness after a Food and Drug Administration advisory.

Purpose A 2003 FDA advisory warned of increased hyperlipidemia and diabetes risk for patients taking second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs). Following the advisory a professional society consensus statement provided treatment recommendations and stratified SGAs into high, intermediate, and low metabolic risk. We examine subsequent changes in incident and prevalent SGA use among individuals with severe mental illness.
Psychiatric comorbidity and progression in drug use in adult male twins: Implications for the design of genetic association studies

Psychiatric comorbidity with drug dependence has been widely documented. In the present study, we reanalyze DSM-III-R diagnostic data on middle-aged male twin pairs from the VETR study using latent class methods. We identify four subtypes based on 15 diagnostic categories. We then show that these subtypes are strongly associated with differential rates of transitions in drug use histories, with increased risks in relatives for depression, alcohol, drug and ASPD, as well as with a variety of non-normative and deviant behaviors in youth and in adulthood. We use the result of these analyses to show how the use of a particular drug disorder phenotype for selecting cases could impact final sample composition.
Fusion of Li and C and a search for entrance channel limitations to fusion cross sections

Excitation functions have been measured for reaction products from the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$ induced reactions $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$, $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{13}\mathrm{C}$, $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$, and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{13}\mathrm{C}$. These data cover the energy range from ${E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=9 \mathrm{to} 36$ MeV. It was found that the maximum fusion cross sections for these reactions are 780 and 770 mb for the $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{13}\mathrm{C}$, respectively, and 960 and 930 mb for the $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$ and $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{13}\mathrm{C}$, respectively. The relative uncertainties for these maximum fusion cross sections are about 5%. Comparisons between optical model calculations of the total reaction cross sections and the measured fusion cross sections indicate that total fusion cross sections are substantially smaller than the total reaction cross sections for all four reactions at all energies. For each of the four entrance channels, energy and angular distributions have been measured at four energies for individual mass groups between $A=9 \mathrm{and} 19$ u. Most of these products appear to be evaporation residues. The critical angular momenta deduced from the experimental fusion cross sections are discussed in terms of entrance channel and compound nucleus limitation models for compound nucleus formation. The individual mass groups are discussed in terms of systematics for evaporation residues.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${E}_{^{6}\mathrm{Li}}=10 \mathrm{to} 36$ MeV; $^{6}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{13}\mathrm{C}$, ${E}_{^{6}\mathrm{Li}}=9.23 \mathrm{to} 35.08$ MeV; $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{12}\mathrm{C}$, ${E}_{^{7}\mathrm{Li}}=10 \mathrm{to} 38$ MeV; $^{7}\mathrm{Li}$+$^{13}\mathrm{C}$, ${E}_{^{7}\mathrm{Li}}=10 \mathrm{to} 34$ MeV, measured $\frac{{d}^{2}\ensuremath{\sigma}}{d\ensuremath{\Omega}\mathrm{dE}}$ for reaction products from $A=9 \mathrm{to} 19$. Extracted ${\ensuremath{\sigma}}_{\mathrm{fus}}$.
Cutaneous Zygomycosis (Mucormycosis) Complicating Endotracheal Intubation : Diagnosis and Successful Treatment

Diagnosis and successful therapy for primary cutaneous zygomycosis (mucormycosis) that complicated the securing of an endotracheal tube with cloth tape. Primary cutaneous mucormycosis is a rare fungal infection noted most often in immunosuppressed individuals. Cloth tape, of the type commonly used to secure endotracheal tubes, often is contaminated with fungal spores. In the case reported here, cloth tape securing the endotracheal tube was the probable vector for transmission of zygomycosis to a moderately imunocompromised host. Rapid diagnosis and combined medical and surgical therapy resulted in a favorable outcome.
Vascular replacement and anastomosis while maintaining continuous blood flow.

SUMMARY A method is described for the resection and Teflon heterograft replacement of the thoracic aorta in dogs, using specially constructed tube and ring vascular clamps in conjunction with brief interruption of the circulation. The method was used in 17 dogs. Fifteen dogs were followed up for periods of two weeks to five months following the procedure. When sacrificed, no physiologic, neurologic, or cardiovascular impairment was evident on ECG, EEG, and other examinations.
Anomalous luminescence from perylene in thin polymer films

Abstract Perylene dispersed in thin polystyrene films can exhibit a structureless fluorescence with a maximum at 527 nm. It is assigned to dimer sites featuring perylene molecules that are close enough to interact upon excitation.
Prostate Cancer Screening in Men 75 Years Old or Older: An Assessment of Self-Reported Health Status and Life Expectancy

Purpose: Opinions vary regarding the appropriate age at which to stop prostate specific antigen screening. Some groups recommend screening men with a greater than 10-year life expectancy while the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against screening men 75 years old or older. In this study we evaluated the influence of health status and life expectancy on prostate specific antigen screening in older men in the United States before the 2008 United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines.Materials and Methods: The study cohort comprised 718 men age 75 years or older without a history of prostate cancer who responded to the 2005 National Health Interview Survey, representing an estimated 4.47 million noninstitutionalized men in the United States. Life expectancy was estimated from age and self-reported health status.Results: Overall 19% of the men were 85 years old or older and 27% reported fair or poor health. In the previous 2 years 52% had a prostate specific antigen screenin...
Voronoi formulas on GL(n)

In this paper, we give a new, simple, purely analytic proof of the Voronoi formula for Maass forms on GL(3) first derived by Miller and Schmid. Our method is based on two lemmas of the first author and Thillainatesan which appear in their recent non-adelic proof of the converse theorem on GL(3). Using a different, even simpler method we derive Voronoi formulas on GL(n) twisted by additive characters of prime conductors. We expect that this method will work in general. In the final section of the paper Voronoi formulas on GL(n) are obtained, but in this case, the twists are by automorphic forms from lower rank groups.
Using Portable Video Modeling Technology to Increase the Compliment Behaviors of Children with Autism During Athletic Group Play

A multiple baseline design across participants was used to examine the effects of a portable video modeling intervention delivered in the natural environment on the verbal compliments and compliment gestures demonstrated by five children with autism. Participants were observed playing kickball with peers and adults. In baseline, participants demonstrated few compliment behaviors. During intervention, an iPad® was used to implement the video modeling treatment during the course of the athletic game. Viewing the video rapidly increased the verbal compliments participants gave to peers. Participants also demonstrated more response variation after watching the videos. Some generalization to an untrained activity occurred and compliment gestures also occurred. Results are discussed in terms of contributions to the literature.
Integrated launch and emergency entry vehicle concept

This paper describes the design of an integrated launch and emergency entry vehicle (EEV) that can satisfy the need for an advanced manned vehicle, a heavy-lift launch vehicle, and the Space Station. It is pointed out that, because only one small entry vehicle would need to be developed, the development costs should be relatively low. The EEV would have reasonable operating costs because its expendable tank would be smaller than that of the Space Shuttle and all expensive parts would be reusable. Schematic diagrams are included.
Efficiency of experimental infection of Ixodes ricinus ticks with Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes

Feeding of an ixodid tick on a Borrelia-infected vertebrate is the natural route of tick infection. To obtain a cohort of nymphs with a high prevalence of infection, the immersion of Ixodes ricinus larvae in the suspension of B. burgdorferi sensu stricto spirochetes was used. Immersed larvae fed on C3H mice until full engorgement, molted to nymphs and 9 of 10 nymphs were shown to be infected by PCR with specific primers. Specific antibodies in the sera of the mice, on which either immersion-infected larvae or infected nymphs had engorged, were not detected. However, nymphs molted from immersed larvae were able to infect naive mice, and all the resulting 10 adults were infected.
Novel N6-substituted adenosine 5'-N-methyluronamides with high selectivity for human adenosine A3 receptors reduce ischemic myocardial injury.

We recently reported the identification of a novel human adenosine A3 receptor-selective agonist, (2S,3S,4R,5R)-3-amino-5-{6-[5-chloro-2-(3-methylisoxazol-5-ylmethoxy)benzylamino]purin-9-yl}-4-hydr...
The Christian Commonwealth: John Knox's Vision for Scotland

Une des visions de l'Eglise qu'avait John Knox : celle de la republique chretienne, qui reflete sa conception de l'Eglise et son insistance sur l'Ancien Testament
Chloride Accumulation and Swelling in Endosomes Enhances DNA Transfer by Polyamine-DNA Polyplexes

The "proton sponge hypothesis" postulates enhanced transgene delivery by cationic polymer-DNA complexes (polyplexes) containing H+ buffering polyamines by enhanced endosomal Cl- accumulation and osmotic swelling/lysis. To test this hypothesis, we measured endosomal Cl- concentration, pH, and volume after internalization of polyplexes composed of plasmid DNA and polylysine (POL), a non-buffering polyamine, or the strongly buffering polyamines polyethylenimine (PEI) or polyamidoamine (PAM). [Cl-] and pH were measured by ratio imaging of fluorescently labeled polyplexes containing Cl- or pH indicators. [Cl-] increased from 41 to 80 mM over 60 min in endosomes-contained POL-polyplexes, whereas pH decreased from 6.8 to 5.3. Endosomal Cl- accumulation was enhanced (115 mM at 60 min) and acidification was slowed (pH 5.9 at 60 min) for PEI and PAM-polyplexes. Relative endosome volume increased 20% over 75 min for POL-polyplexes versus 140% for PEI-polyplexes. Endosome lysis was seen at >45 min for PEI but not POL-containing endosomes, and PEI-containing endosomes showed increased osmotic fragility in vitro. The slowed endosomal acidification and enhanced Cl- accumulation and swelling/lysis were accounted for by the greater H+ buffering capacity of endosomes containing PEI or PAM versus POL (>90 mM versus 46 H+/pH unit). Our results provide direct support for the proton sponge hypothesis and thus a rational basis for the design of improved non-viral vectors for gene delivery.
The intrapsychic and the interpersonal: Different theories, different domains, or historical artifacts?

(1988). The intrapsychic and the interpersonal: Different theories, different domains, or historical artifacts? Psychoanalytic Inquiry: Vol. 8, The Intrapsychic and Interpersonal Dimensions: An Unresolved Dilemma, pp. 472-496.
Determination of protein absorption coefficients using a refractive index chromatographic monitor.

Abstract Using lysozyme as a primary standard, a refractive index monitor designed for column chromatography was used to determined protein concentration and hence absorption coefficients. the method is non-destructive, requires only small amounts of protein ∼0.2 mg, and could be adapted for smaller samples.
The Experience of Presence Among Telehealth Nurses

Background: Telehealth technology allows for the provision of nursing care even when the patient and nurse are physically separated from each other. Telehealth has shown positive effects on healthcare costs and healthcare access. Although it can increase healthcare access and decrease healthcare costs, the use of telehealth has altered the typical pattern of nurseY patient proximity. It is unknown how the physical separation related to telehealth use may affect the experience of presence among nurses during nurseYpatient interactions.Purpose: The purpose of the research was to gain knowledge about the ways that nurses experience presence during interactions with patients using telehealth technology.Methods: A qualitative descriptive design with convenience sampling was used for this study. Sample inclusion criteria included being a registered nurse with at least 1 year of experience using telehealth technology and working in telehealth at the time of the study. Institutional review board approval was received before beginning data collection. Participants (n = 6) provided informed consent. Qualitative data were obtained by individual, audiotaped, semistructured interviews. The data were transcribed and analyzed deductively for the existence of presence. Ethnograph version 6.0 software was used to assist in organizing and analyzing the data.Results: Two examples of presence during telehealth nurseYpatient interactions were described by participants.Conclusion: This study documented for the first time the experience of presence among nurses who interact with their patients using only nonvideo telehealth technology.
A discipline of tree processing

This paper discusses a set of new tools to facilitate the implementation of language processors in Java. First, by decoupling recognition based on grammars from tree building based on semantic actions we can choose to represent grammars in BNF or EBNF, and to parse based on LL, LR, or functional engines, and still completely control how trees represent structured input. Second, we use a Java custom annotation to generate tree factories, thus encouraging a more functional approach to backend processing by tree transformation. Third, we replace the traditional visitor design pattern in the backend by a more rule-oriented approach using inheritance on tree node classes for pattern matching. Taken together, language implementation turns into a problem of tree creation and transformation with concise, Java-based notations to focus on the algorithms.
Shock fitting in conical supersonic full potential flows

Abstract The full potential equation is solved implicitly for supersonic conical flows with the bow shock fitted as an external boundary. Existing potential flow computational procedures capture the embedded crossflow shock within the context of transonic relaxation schemes. In this study, the crossflow shock is fitted for the first time in potential flow as an internal boundary. Hence, all shocks are implicitly fit making the computation fully conservative. For thin elliptic cones, the outer segment of the crossflow shock was found to be oblique to the incoming or supersonic crossflow. This behavior was not found for circular cones. The shock fitted solutions are compared to both Euler and potential captured solutions. The full potential shock fitted results are in favorable agreement with conservative captured solutions.
Ectopic expression of phospho-Smad2 in Alzheimer's disease: Uncoupling of the transforming growth factor-β pathway?

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), a multifunctional cytokine, has been widely suggested to play a role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Supporting this, levels of TGF-beta are elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid, sera, and brain of patients with Alzheimer's disease. Since TGF-beta is neuroprotective, whereas Alzheimer's disease is typified by neurodegeneration, we speculated that defects in TGF-beta signaling might abrogate its neuroprotective properties. Consistently with an increase in TGF-beta in Alzheimer's disease, we found significant increases in phospho-Smad2, a major downstream signaling molecule of TGF-beta, in hippocampal neurons of Alzheimer's disease compared with age-matched control patients. However, in contrast to an expected nuclear localization, phosphorylated Smad2 in Alzheimer's disease was predominantly, and ectopically, found in the neuronal cytoplasm, specifically colocalized with neurofibrillary tangles and granulovacuolar degeneration. Given that a nuclear localization is required to regulate the transcription of TGF-beta target genes to afford neuroprotection, the ectopic localization of phosphorylated Smad2 suggests a defect in the Smad-mediated signaling pathway of TGF-beta in Alzheimer's disease and consequent loss of neuroprotective function.
The Fallacies in Arguing That Current High Unemployment in Spain (27%) is a Consequence of Supposed Labor Market Rigidities

This article refutes the argument that high unemployment in Spain is due to labor market rigidities, questioning the premises on which this theory is based. It then goes on to explain how those advancing this argument are the very same forces responsible for the macroeconomic decisions that are currently causing unemployment.
Interspecific response to sex pheromones, and calling behavior of severalAttagenus species (Coleoptera: Dermestidae)

Females of severalAttagenus species demonstrated calling behaviors similar to those previously reported forA. elongatulus. Attagenus rufipennis females did not call until they were 12–14 days old. OtherAttagenus species called at approx. 4 days of age. All species exhibited diurnal periods of calling activity. Interspecific pheromone responses were tested, withA. megatoma megatoma, A. megatoma canadensis, A. megatoma japonicus, andA. schaefferi spurcus showing equal cross-responses. Male response to females was demonstrated inA. rufipennis andA. bicolor. Attagenus rufipennis, bicolor, andelongatulus males responded only to female extracts of their own species.
The Human Egg Is Back

In a recent issue of Nature, Tachibana et al. (2009) conducted chromosomal transfer into recipient primate oocytes to yield live offspring or monkey ESCs with no contribution of donor mitochondria. The success of this technique may increase demand for human oocyte donation for research.
Reactivities of copper-germanium alloys in the direct synthesis of dimethyldichlorogermane

Abstract The activities of the single phase alloys a (Ge in Cu), ζ (Cu 5 Ge), and ϵ (Cu 3 Ge) in the reaction with methyl chloride to form methylchlorogermanes were measured at 426.7 °C. The alloys displayed essentially the same reactivity when compared on the basis of the same number of germanium atoms exposed to methyl chloride. Selectivity for (CH 3 ) 2 GeCl 2 approached 100% at 0% conversion of germanium, thus supporting the ionic mechanism of Voorhoeve. The extent of cracking of methyl chloride could be correlated with the fraction of the surface estimated to consist of copper atoms not involved in the synthesis of methylchlorogermanes. Removal of copper from thin surface layers, probably as CuCl, was confirmed by X-ray analysis in the case of the α phase. Mechanical mixtures of alloys and free germanium showed greatly enhanced reactivities which could be explained only by the creation of additional reaction sites on the surfaces of the free germanium particles.
Latent KSHV Infection of Endothelial Cells Induces Integrin Beta3 to Activate Angiogenic Phenotypes

Kaposi's Sarcoma (KS), the most common tumor of AIDS patients, is a highly vascularized tumor supporting large amounts of angiogenesis. The main cell type of KS tumors is the spindle cell, a cell of endothelial origin, the primary cell type involved in angiogenesis. Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of KS and is likely involved in both tumor formation and the induction of angiogenesis. Integrins, and specifically integrin αVβ3, have known roles in both tumor induction and angiogenesis. αVβ3 is also important for KSHV infection as it has been shown to be involved in KSHV entry into cells. We found that during latent infection of endothelial cells KSHV induces the expression of integrin β3 leading to increased surface levels of αVβ3. Signaling molecules downstream of integrins, including FAK and Src, are activated during viral latency. Integrin activation by KSHV is necessary for the KSHV-associated upregulation of a number of angiogenic phenotypes during latent infection including adhesion and motility. Additionally, KSHV-infected cells become more reliant on αVβ3 for capillary like formation in three dimensional culture. KSHV induction of integrin β3, leading to induction of angiogenic and cancer cell phenotypes during latency, is likely to be important for KS tumor formation and potentially provides a novel target for treating KS tumors.
Seed preferences of Lumbricus terrestris L.

Abstract We performed an experiment to determine factors affecting preference in the selection of seeds by Lumbricus terrestris L. Earthworms were given a menu consisting of seeds of nine plant species that were sorted into three size classes and sand particles that were sorted into the same three size classes. The experiment was conducted over a period of 84 days in worm beds under laboratory conditions. Seed and sand particles from the small (0.5–1.0 mm) size class were chosen four to one over seeds and sand in the intermediate (1.0–2.0 mm) size class. Seeds and sand particles in the intermediate size class were chosen 14 to one over seeds and sand particles in the large (2.0–2.5 mm) size class. Seeds were chosen two to one over sand in the small size class, six to one in the intermediate size class, and 15 to one in the large size class. Seeds with smooth surfaces were generally preferred over seeds with rough surfaces. Excavation of the bedding material at the conclusion of the experiment revealed that germination of seeds was occurring beneath the surface in chambers created by the earthworms, and that these seedlings were being grazed by L. terrestris.
Perceived and actual characteristics of parents and partners: A test of a freudian model of mate selection

The present research examined the psychoanalytic theory of mate selection (Freud, 1927) which proposes that people choose romantic partners similar to their oppositesex parents (Epstein & Guttman, 1984). This phenomenon was addressed as both an actual phenomenon that guides partner choice and as a perceived phenomenon regarding people's conceptualizations of their parents and partners. Participants were asked to describe their parents, significant others, and ideal significant others in terms of several personality characteristics. Also, actual parents and partners of subjects described themselves. For four of eight personality variables, subjects' opposite-sex parents scored similarly to their partners. Also, subjects perceived their significant others as similar to their parents across all variables. Relationship satisfaction was significantly related to the degree to which participants perceive similarity between their parents and partners. Implications for understanding how people's parents influence both actual mate selection and romantic partner perception are discussed.
Perceptual search time as a function of association value with practice effects controlled

The effects of association value (A V) on perceptual search time was investigated in a design to control practice effects. Forty Ss were each exposed to four Jists of tri grams (field) with instructions to find a particular one (target). No S experienced more than one level of each factor of the 2 by 2 by 4 design. There were two A V levels of the target trigrams, two AV levels of the field list of trigrams, and four target positions. As expected, perceptual search time increased as the target was moved down the list. The analysis supported the hypo thesis that AV reduced perceptual search time when the field and target have different AV. lt was concluded that practice effects and perhaps S's failure to retain the targets of low AV during his search had influenced the results of previous studies. While studying the effects of association value (A V) on the discriminability of a perceptual target, Portnoy, Portnoy, & Salzinger (1964) demonstrated that when a target trigram of one A V was embedded in a fjeld of trigrams of a different A V, then perceptual search time was reduced to less than when the target and field were of the same A V. Their data also indicated that target trigrams of high A V were more rapidly detected than were those of low AV. No difference was indicated due to A V of the fjeld list of trigrams. Smith & Egeth (1966) questioned the results of the above study on the grounds that the data did not permit an analysis of the search time per item as weIl as the possibility that Ss may have been using a search strategy of first letters rather than the complete trigram. Furthe'r, Srnith and Egeth suggested that since the trigrams of the field were spread equally across a card, Ss may have was ted time in searching a previously searched area. They replicated the Portnoy, Portnoy, and Salzinger study with the target trigrams embedded in four positions of one vertical list of fjeld trigrams. Their results did not support the hypo thesis that A Vaffected perceptual search times. Another study which dealt with the same phenomenon was that of Schulz & Lovelace (1964). Their data indicated that when the target trigram was presented simultaneously with a horizontal field of ei gh t tri grams, targets of low meaningfulness (M) in low M fields were not detected as rapidlY as were targets of high M in high M fields. They also
Proterozoic cuspate basement-cover structure, Needle Mountains, Colorado

Deformation zones along basement-cover contacts, which are commonly loci of significant displacement, may also be zones of limited movement when cover and basement are folded together. Proterozoic basement gneisses and siliciclastic cover rocks of the Uncompahgre Group in the Needle Mountains, Colorado, are in contact along steeply dipping deformation zones. Analysis of structures in the basement and cover, and along their contacts, provides evidence for (1) deformation of the basement prior to deposition of the Uncompahgre Group, (2) north-directed, thin-skinned thrusting, and (3) cuspate infolding of cover into basement accompanied by upward and outward movement of the cover. Opposed senses of movement along basement-cover contacts on opposite limbs of the synclinorium generated during cuspate infolding imply that the Uncompahgre Group is parautochthonous on basement. Conjugate strike-slip shear zones in both units accommodated north-northwest shortening. Deformation of basement and cover into cuspate structures may explain the presence of some cover sequences as isolated remnants within gneissic basement.
Reducing Sibling Conflict in Maltreated Children Placed in Foster Homes

Sibling aggression among maltreated children placed in foster homes is linked to other externalizing problems and placement disruption. The reduction of sibling conflict and aggression may be achieved via a multicomponent ecologically focused intervention for families in the foster care system. The focus of the study is to evaluate the feasibility and short-term effectiveness of a transtheoretical intervention model targeting sibling pairs and their foster parent that integrates family systems, social learning theory, and a conflict mediation perspective. In this pilot study, sibling pairs (N = 22) and their foster parent were randomized into a three-component intervention (n = 13) or a comparison (n = 9) group. Promoting Sibling Bonds (PSB) is an 8-week prevention intervention targeting maltreated sibling pairs ages 5–11 years placed together in a foster home. The siblings, parent, and joint components were delivered in a program package at the foster agency by a trained two-clinician team. Average attendance across program components was 73 %. Outcomes in four areas were gathered at pre- and postintervention: observed sibling interaction quality (positive and negative) including conflict during play, and foster parent reports of mediation strategies and sibling aggression in the foster home. At postintervention, adjusting for baseline scores and child age, intervention pairs showed higher positive (p < 0.001) and negative (p < 0.05) interaction quality and lower sibling conflict during play (p < 0.01) than comparison pairs. Foster parents in the intervention group reported a higher number of conflict mediation strategies than those in the comparison group (p < 0.001). Foster parents in the intervention group reported lower sibling physical aggression from the older toward the younger child than those in the comparison group (p < 0.05). Data suggest that the PSB intervention is a promising approach to reduce conflict and promote parental mediation, which together may reduce sibling aggression in the foster home.
Receptor tyrosine kinase, EphB4 (HTK), accelerates differentiation of select human hematopoietic cells

EphB4 (HTK) and its ligand, ephrinB2, are critical for angiogenesis and result in fatal abnormalities of capillary formation in null mice. EphB4 was originally identified in human bone marrow CD34+cells by us and has since been reported to be expressed in erythroid progenitors, whereas the ligand ephrinB2 is expressed in bone marrow stromal cells. Reasoning that the developmental relationship between angiogenesis and hematopoiesis implies common regulatory molecules, we assessed whether EphB4 signaling influences the function and phenotype of primitive human hematopoietic cells. Ectopically expressed EphB4 in cell lines of restricted differentiation potential promoted megakaryocytic differentiation, but not granulocytic or monocytic differentiation. Primary cord blood CD34+ cells transduced with EphB4 resulted in the elevated expression of megakaryocytic and erythroid specific markers, consistent with EphB4 selectively enhancing some lineage-committed progenitors. In less mature cells, EphB4 depleted primitive cells, as measured by long-term culture-initiating cells or CD34+CD38− cell numbers, and increased progenitor cells of multiple cell types. Effects of ectopic EphB4 expression could be abrogated by either targeted mutations of select tyrosine residues or by the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, genistein. These data indicate that EphB4 accelerates the differentiation of primitive cells in a nonlineage-restricted manner but alters only select progenitor populations, influencing lineages linked by common ancestry with endothelial cells. EphB4 enforces preferential megakaryocytic and erythroid differentiation and may be a molecular bridge between angiogenesis and hematopoiesis.
The chemostress coefficient

Abstract It is shown that the chemical potential of an adatom interacting with a solid substrate can change significantly when external stresses are applied to the solid. The analysis indicates the need to perform a number of specific experiments and to develop further the theory of adsorption forces at high pressures applied to the solid substrate.
Guidelines for personnel radiation monitoring in the cardiac catheterization laboratory

The Laboratory Performance Standards Committee of the Society for Cardiac Angiography and Interventions has devised guidelines to inform catheterization laboratory personnel about appropriate radiation monitoring and protection. A personal monitoring dosimeter must be placed over any radiation protective garments on the collar near the thyroid. A second dosimeter, worn at the waist level under any radiation protective garments, is mandatory for any declared pregnant workers exposed to radiation. This dosimeter is recommended, but not required, for all personnel in the catheterization laboratory. The limit for whole body radiation exposure is stated in terms of the effective dose equivalent (EDE). Different formulas are used for calculating the EDE, depending on the number of dosimeters worn simultaneously by the individual. Finger dosimeters should be worn by personnel whose hands are likely to be directly exposed to the x-ray beam. Initial and periodic training in radiation protection is a part of good laboratory practice. © 1993 Wlley-Liss, Inc