cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IPM and Pollinator Protection in Canola Production in the USA

Canola belongs to the genus Brassica, and the varieties employed currently yield oil containing less than 2% erucic acid. In the USA, concerted efforts to grow canola began in 1985. Major pests of canola in the USA are the cabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus assimilis Paykull) and the flea beetles (Phyllotreta cruciferae Goeze and Phyllotreta striolata Fabricius). The best management of these insect pests still includes pesticides, especially neonicotinoids as seed treatments, while plant pathogens and weeds are managed with conventional fungicide and herbicides. Honey bees and wild solitary bees in various families are the major pollinators of canola, and along with other benefits they increase yield by causing the plant to set seeds earlier, allowing for easier harvesting. While insecticides (including seed treatments) cause greater damage to bees than fungicides and herbicides, all groups of pesticides can be harmful to pollinators, especially when mixed together and with adjuvants. Improving communication between canola growers and beekeepers, selecting low toxicity pesticides, and following label instructions before application all are steps that can reduce bee poisoning. Similarly, increasing plant biodiversity near canola fields to provide habitat and food resources can also improve bee population size and health. A greater focus on cultural and biological management generally would improve pollinator health, and pollinator management should play a major role in the integrated pest management of canola.
Linear to Circular Asymmetric Transmission based on Chiral Metasurface

In this paper a dual band chiral metasurface is presented for linear to circular polarization conversion. The structure consists of two resonators and the unit cell is rotated 90° to obtain a chiral geometry. The circular polarization is achieved when co- and cross- transmission coefficients have equal magnitudes with 90° phase difference. The axial ratio is below 3dB within two frequency bands ranging from 5.84GHz-5.99GHz and 7.80GHz-8.09GHz showing circular polarization conversion.
Som, matéria e memória: questões de tradução em Petersburgo (1916) de Andrei Biéli

O artigo comenta alguns aspectos da traducao para o portugues de Petersburgo, do escritor simbolista Andrei Bieli – um dos principais romances da literatura russa no seculo XX –, realizada pelo autor para a Editora 34 (no prelo). Entre os desafios enfrentados pela traducao (baseada na edicao de 1916), o texto destaca: 1) a escrita “musical” do autor, que remete aos desenvolvimentos motivico-tematicos; 2) questoes atinentes a estrutura morfologica da lingua russa; 3) o uso de marcadores deiticos em focalizacoes narratologicas; 4) trocadilhos; e 5) a escrita fonetica, trazendo discussoes acerca da adequacao de diferentes criterios e solucoes.
Parallel shadow execution to accelerate the debugging of numerical errors

This paper proposes a new approach for debugging errors in floating point computation by performing shadow execution with higher precision in parallel. The programmer specifies parts of the program that need to be debugged for errors. Our compiler creates shadow execution tasks, which execute on different cores and perform the computation with higher precision. We propose a novel method to execute a shadow execution task from an arbitrary memory state, which is necessary because we are creating a parallel shadow execution from a sequential program. Our approach also ensures that the shadow execution follows the same control flow path as the original program. Our runtime automatically distributes the shadow execution tasks to balance the load on the cores. Our prototype for parallel shadow execution, PFPSanitizer, provides comprehensive detection of errors while having lower performance overheads than prior approaches.
New tools, old abuse: Technology-Enabled Coercive Control (TECC)

Abstract This paper examines how domestic violence abusers utilize digital technologies to extend their spatial and temporal control over survivors. By highlighting how digital technologies have become central tools for abusers to threaten, stalk, harass and surveil their partners, we situate technology-enabled coercive control as a continuation of harm perpetrated by domestic violence abusers, rather than a new or distinct form of abuse. Drawing on qualitative interviews conducted in Seattle with survivors, advocates, law enforcement officers and prosecutors, we show how digital technologies enable abusers to more efficiently and effectively coercively control survivors anywhere and at any time, including after the relationship has ended. This paper contributes to geographic scholarship analyzing the role of digital technologies in policing and surveillance and advances this literature through a feminist geographic analytic that offers an embodied accounting of the way digital technologies regulate, discipline and govern at the scale of the body and within intimate relationships.
Contribution of wiki trace and wiki resource use variables towards quality of game design in a guided discovery-based program of game design learning

This in-progress research study investigates students' use of a wiki-based e-learning platform as a coordinating representation in the context of their guided discovery-based game design work. This study sets out to preliminarily investigate young students' engagement in project-based game design teamwork in a blended learning context. Here we report that exploratory and descriptive results on the analysis of wiki trace log data and resource use post-survey data to predict the quality of students' game design. This research holds implications for instructional design optimization of the e-learning system under investigation, curriculum and professional development support for educators involved, for quality of actual student learning outcomes (i.e., the quality of game design), and, for the wider field of e-learning systems design and learning analytics.
Biophysical characterization of synthetic amelogenin C‐terminal peptides

Amelogenin plays a key role in the formation of the highly mineralized structure of tooth enamel. During the secretory stage, amelogenin is cleaved gradually by a protease, matrix metalloproteinase-20 (MMP-20), releasing hydrophilic C-terminal peptides. In this study, the biophysical properties of synthetic C-terminal peptides (of 28, 17, and 11 residues), mimicking native peptides, were explored in vitro. A sudden decrease was observed in the zeta (ζ)-potential upon the addition of calcium or phosphates, which was also accompanied by an increased aggregation propensity of the peptides. Under most of the experimental conditions, the particle size increased at a pH 2-3 units higher than the isoelectric point (pI) of the peptides, while the peptides existed as smaller particles (<2 nm) near their pI values and in the acidic range. They showed poor affinity for calcium and phosphates, comparable to full-length amelogenin and variants. The secondary structure determination showed that the 11-amino-acid peptide contained defined secondary structure comprising beta-sheets and turns. Atomic force microscopy analysis revealed the presence of thin, disk-like nanostructures of 54.4 nm diameter for the 28-amino-acid peptide and 54.9 nm diameter for the 11-amino acid peptide, whereas no definite structures were observed for the 17-amino-acid peptide. It is concluded that the amelogenin C-terminal peptides are capable of interacting with calcium and phosphate ions, of self-assembly into nanostructures, and may have some secondary structure, and hence may have some role in enamel synthesis.
Information Systems Knowledge: Foundations, Definitions, and Applications

A key component of research within information systems is the use of valid instruments to measure numerous aspects of technology, organizations, and people. Validated instruments exist for many different variables and more are available all the time. Knowledge of a particular domain is an integral part of working competently, effectively, and successfully within that domain (N.M. Degele, World Futures, 50, 743–755, 1997). Therefore, this paper will describe the rationale for the development of an instrument to measure the information systems knowledge of individuals. This rationale is rooted in several streams of research, such as absorptive capacity and certainty of knowledge, and focuses on three main questions: why measure knowledge of information systems, how to measure this knowledge, and what to actually measure. The definitions of knowledge and information systems knowledge are developed and refined through an analysis of the literature covering the philosophical, psychological, and educational aspects of knowledge. The resulting models of knowledge and specifically information systems knowledge are then applied to research streams within the information systems discipline as well as practitioner-oriented needs.
Factors affecting the distribution of trace elements in aquatic plants: Success and limitations of the coordination model

Abstract The factors that affect the uptake and distribution of trace elements are reviewed and include alteration of solubility by chelating agents and carbonate ion. The waterhyacinth, Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms, which infests waterways in many areas of the world, was used as a model system. Observed rates of uptake of 54 Mn(II) and 59 Fe(III) by waterhyacinth, are compared with the values expected for uptake based upon control by chelation, i.e. with dihydrogen ethylenediaminetetraacetate and control by metal(II) carbonate solubility. Manganese-54 and iron-59 appeared in the roots on the first day. The relative rate of appearance ( 54 Mn/ 59 Fe) of the roots was 13 1 ; experimentally significant amounts of iron did not appear in the leaves much before 10 days. The ratio of the uptake rate of manganese relative to iron is within the predicted range, assuming control by metal(II) carbonate solubility, but is several orders of magnitude less than expected for control by chelation. A coordination model was used, and the agreement is improved by assuming the iron-EDTA was protonated, though the limitations of the assumption are recognized. Fair agreement is noted if it is assumed that reduction of iron occurs in the vicinity of the roots, and if the rate ratios are compared with the stability constants for divalent-metal species.
Weak, strong and electromagnetic interactions of intermediate vector mesons

A nonet of Yang-Mill intermediate vector mesons has been introduced with weak interaction having the maximumCP violation. A unitary-singlet part of this nonet is assumed to have a strong Yukawatype interaction with hadronic currents. It may be identified with Ne'eman's fifth interaction, which may also account for the large-angle high-energy p-p scattering. Finally, a neutral member of the vector meson is taken to be a source of electromagnetic interactions of charged leptons in order to account for the anomalous muonicg-2 value.
The ER Stress Surveillance (ERSU) pathway regulates daughter cell ER protein aggregate inheritance

Stress induced by cytoplasmic protein aggregates can have deleterious consequences for the cell, contributing to neurodegeneration and other diseases. Protein aggregates are also formed within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), although the fate of ER protein aggregates, specifically during cell division, is not well understood. By simultaneous visualization of both the ER itself and ER protein aggregates, we found that ER protein aggregates that induce ER stress are retained in the mother cell by activation of the ER Stress Surveillance (ERSU) pathway, which prevents inheritance of stressed ER. In contrast, under conditions of normal ER inheritance, ER protein aggregates can enter the daughter cell. Thus, whereas cytoplasmic protein aggregates are retained in the mother cell to protect the functional capacity of daughter cells, the fate of ER protein aggregates is determined by whether or not they activate the ERSU pathway to impede transmission of the cortical ER during the cell cycle.
Predictive value of the Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index on perioperative complications and survival in patients undergoing primary debulking surgery for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer

Abstract Objective To assess the ability of the Age-Adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (ACCI) to predict perioperative complications and survival in patients undergoing primary debulking for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods Data were analyzed for all patients with stage IIIB–IV EOC who underwent primary cytoreduction from 1/2001–1/2010 at our institution. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on an ACCI of 0–1, 2–3, and ≥4. Clinical and survival outcomes were assessed and compared. Results We identified 567 patients; 199 (35%) had an ACCI of 0–1, 271 (48%) had an ACCI of 2–3, and 97 (17%) had an ACCI of ≥4. The ACCI was significantly associated with the rate of complete gross resection (0–1=44%, 2–3=32%, and ≥4=32%; p=0.02), but was not associated with the rate of minor (47% vs 47% vs 43%, p=0.84) or major (18% vs 19% vs 16%, p=0.8) complications. The ACCI was also significantly associated with progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Median PFS for patients with an ACCI of 0–1, 2–3, and ≥4 was 20.3, 16, and 15.4months, respectively (p=0.02). Median OS for patients with an ACCI of 0–1, 2–3, and ≥4 was 65.3, 49.9, and 42.3months, respectively (p Conclusions The ACCI was not associated with perioperative complications in patients undergoing primary cytoreduction for advanced EOC, but was a significant predictor of PFS and OS. Prospective clinical trials in ovarian cancer should consider stratifying for an age–comorbidity covariate.
Expression of alpha 2-adrenergic receptor subtypes in the mouse brain: evaluation of spatial and temporal information imparted by 3 kb of 5' regulatory sequence for the alpha 2A AR-receptor gene in transgenic animals.

Abstract The present studies characterize the expression of the α 2A , α 2B and α 2C adrenergic receptor subtypes via in situ hybridization analysis of messenger RNA expression in the adult mouse brain, as well as the pattern of expression of α 2A adrenergic receptor messenger RNA at embryonic day E9.5, the earliest time for detection of the messenger RNA encoding this receptor subtype. α 2A adrenergic receptor messenger RNA is highly expressed in the sixth layer of the cortex and the locus coeruleus, α 2B adrenergic receptor messenger RNA predominantly in the thalamus and in the Purkinje layer of the cerebellum, and α 2C adrenergic receptor messenger RNA in the putamen-caudate region of the mouse brain. Both α 2A and α 2C adrenergic receptor messenger RNA demonstrate strong expression in the amygdaloid complex, hypothalamus, olfactory system and the hippocampal formation. To develop a molecular understanding of the unique cellular expression of messenger RNA encoding the α 2A adrenergic receptor subtype, 2.83 kb of the upstream regulatory sequence for the α 2A adrenergic receptor gene was fused to the LacZ gene as a reporter gene and expression of β-galactosidase activity was assessed in transgenic offspring. Although the spatial expression of the transgene in the adult brain often overlaps that for the endogenous α 2A adrenergic receptor, both ectopic expression and the absence of appropriate expression were noted; in contrast five of the six lines show temporal expression characteristic of the endogenous α 2A adrenergic receptor gene. The present studies provide the first characterization of messenger RNA localization for the three α 2 adrenergic receptor subtypes in the mouse CNS. Because the functional roles of the prazosin-sensitive α 2B adrenergic receptor and α 2C adrenergic receptor subtypes have been masked in most earlier physiological and pharmacological analyses of α 2 adrenergic receptor function, identifying the multiple loci α 2 adrenergic receptor subtype expression is an important prelude to understanding the functional roles of these three independent receptor populations in the mouse CNS. The findings in the transgenic animals indicating that ∼ 3 kb of regulatory sequence has imparted faithful temporal but not spatial expression for the α 2A adrenergic receptor gene suggest that additional regulatory information is necessary for appropriate cell specific expression of messenger RNA for the α 2A adrenergic receptor subtype. Copyright © 1996 IBRO. Published by Elsevier Science Ltd.
A comparison of methods for semantic photo annotation suggestion

In this work we describe a general framework for semi-automated semantic digital photo annotation though the use of suggestions. We compare context-based methods with Latent Semantic Indexing, a linear algebra approach to information retrieval. Through experiments on real data sets containing up to 13,705 semantically annotated photos, we show that a carefully chosen combination of context-based methods can not only be efficient, but also extremely effective as well. Furthermore, we propose a new combination of context-based methods that outperforms previous work by up to 19% higher recall while running up to 21 times faster.
Metabolism, anticholinergic effects, and therapeutic outcome of desmethylimipramine in depressive illness.

In order to test two theories of the mode of action of imipramine 58 depressive patients were treated at two dosage levels with desmethylimipramine (DMI), its active metabolite. Clinical judgments were used to distinguish therapeutic responders from non-responders, who showed clear differences in depressive rating scales and body weight changes. Measurements of urinary output of DMI, of salivation, and of the incidence of side-effects were compared in responders and non-responders: no differences appeared between the two groups. It is concluded that the therapeutic effect of imipramine does not depend on either its anticholinergic or other action revealed by the common side-effects, and that variability of response cannot be accounted for by differences in the rate of metabolism of DMI.
ON THE 1D AND 2D ROGERS–RAMANUJAN CONTINUED FRACTIONS

In this paper the classical and generalized numerical Rogers–Ramanujan continued fractions are extended to a polynomial continued fraction in one and two dimensions. Using the new continued fractions, the fundamental recurrence formulas and a fast algorithm, based on matrix formulations, are given for the computation of their transfer functions. The presented matrix formulations can provide a new perspective to the analysis and design of Ladder-continued fraction filters in one and two dimensions signal processing. The simplicity and efficiency of the presented algorithms are illustrated by step-by-step examples.
Damming of rivers in California leads to beach erosion

Historically, where rivers enter the coast directly, they have been the primary source of sand for the beaches, When there is a seasonal balance of sand on the beach, the beach responds to wave action by adjusting its profile to dissipate the available wave energy. When there is a deficiency of sand on the beaches, waves attack cliffs and coastal property directly. The evidence supporting these simple relations is sometimes confused and complicated because of (i) the intermittent nature of the floods that bring the sand to the coast, and (ii) the interception of the longshore "river of sand" by structures along the coast. The deficit of sand due to dams is illustrated by the 0ceanside Littoral Cell where rivers now provide only 49% of their natural yield.Because of the dams, our coastline has a sand deficit and wave erosion is the natural consequence.
Constraints on the solar coronal temperature in regions of open magnetic field

It is shown that the simultaneous consideration of observed values of the solar wind proton flux density at 1 AU and of the electron pressure at the base of the solar corona leads to relatively strong constraints on the coronal temperature in the region of subsonic solar wind flow. The extreme upper limit on the mean coronal temperature in the subsonic region is found to be about 2.6 × 106 K, but this upper limit is reduced to about 2.0 × 106 K if reasonable, rather than extreme, assumptions are made; the limit on the maximum temperature is about 0.5 × 106 K greater than the limit on the mean. It is also found that the same two observations limit the rate of momentum addition possible in the region of subsonic solar wind flow.
Three-dimensional analysis of cranial and facial asymmetry after helmet therapy for positional plagiocephaly.

Purpose Helmet therapy is a non-surgical option for treating positional plagiocephaly, and its effectiveness has been validated by various researches. In addition to cranial flattening and asymmetry, ipsilateral prominence of the mid-face and relative anterior transposition of the ipsilateral ear is also common. Hence, we investigated the impact of helmet therapy on mid-facial asymmetry.
Rapid inhibition in the cochlear nuclear complex of the chinchilla

This study examined responses to pairs of clicks recorded extracellularly from single units in ventral cochlear nuclei (VCN) of ketamine‐anesthetized chinchillas. The response to the trailing click was suppressed for interclick intervals of 1 and 2 ms, but little suppression was observed for an interclick interval of 4 ms. To determine whether any suppression originated in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN), responses to click pairs were recorded before and after injecting lidocaine in the deep layer of the DCN. For 19% of the neurons (7/37), the response to the trailing click increased following the injection, which is consistent with lidocaine reducing delayed inhibition from the DCN. Unexpectedly, for 62% of the units (23/37) the response to the initial click decreased after lidocaine administration. Three units (3/37 or 8%) showed a combination of both responses. For 52% of the units with a decreased response (12/23), the reduction occurred only for loud clicks (≥30 dB above threshold), while at intensities 20 dB lower, responses to pairs of clicks were unchanged. No changes in spontaneous rate were observed. Following lidocaine injections, the tuning curves of 7/12 neurons tested had increased thresholds, but only around the characteristic frequency. These results indicate the presence of two rapid inhibitory inputs onto VCN neurons.
Turbulence suppression by suspended sediment within a geophysical flow

Experiments are performed in a mixing box to evaluate the effect of suspended sediment on turbulence generated by an oscillating grid. Quartz-density sand of varying sizes and concentrations is used, and particle image velocimetry is employed to quantify only the fluid phase. Results show that (1) while a relatively large secondary flow field is present in the box, turbulence is a maximum near the grid and it decreases systematically toward the water surface; (2) relatively high concentrations of fine sediment can markedly alter this secondary flow field and significantly decrease both the time-mean and turbulent kinetic energy within the flow, yet these same sediment concentrations have little effect on the integral time and length scales derived for each velocity component; and (3) the overall turbulence suppression observed can be related to the transfer of energy from the fluid to the sediment and the maintenance of a suspended sediment load rather than commonly employed turbulence modulation criteria. These experimental data demonstrate unequivocally that the presence of a suspended sediment load can significantly reduce overall turbulent kinetic energy, and these results should be applicable to a range of sediment-laden geophysical flows.
Altered activity of midbrain dopamine neurons following 7-day withdrawal from chronic cocaine abuse is normalized by D2 receptor stimulation during the early withdrawal phase

Using in vivo single-unit recording in rats, we compared the effects of continuous cocaine infusion via minipump or single daily injections (both 40 mg/kg/d × 14 days, SC) on the activity of putative dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) and ventral tegmental area (VTA). On days 1–5 after cocaine withdrawal, animals were further treated with single daily injections of DA agonists. On withdrawal day 7 continuous cocaine caused a reduction in spontaneously active neurons in the SNC and reduced bursting in the VTA. In contrast, intermittent cocaine resulted in an increase in the number of active neurons in the VTA. These changes were all reversed by apomorphine or quinpirole given during the first 5 withdrawal days. The D1 antagonist SCH 39166 did not antagonize the effects of apomorphine in either region. The role of D2 receptors in modulating baseline DA activity during intermediate cocaine withdrawal is discussed.
Synthesis of novel boron-containing polyamines—Agents for DNA targeting in Neutron Capture Therapy

Abstract A new class of carriers for Neutron Capture Therapy, boronated polyamines, are presented that may possess a high affinity for DNA and rapid/specific uptake in brain tumors by comparison with adjacent normal brain. Two first boron-containing polyamines such as 1,8-diamino-4-(4-o-carboranylbutyl)-4-azaoctane and 1,8-diamino-4-(3-o-carbonylpropyl)-4-azaoctane were synthesized via silylation-alkylation reaction of bis-Boc-protected spermidine with either carboranyl iodides or tosylates.
Anaphylaxis to deer dander in a child: a case report.

Background Hypersensitivity to deer dander is rarely reported, with only 26 cases in the literature. Ours is the youngest reported case and the first reported case of anaphylaxis on exposure to a live deer. Objective Evaluation of a case of anaphylaxis in a young boy upon exposure to a deer. Methods and Results A 4-year-old boy experienced hives, swelling, and shortness of breath requiring epinephrine following a deer exposure. He had one mild reaction 5 days prior to his anaphylaxis with an indirect exposure. A deer dander extract was made from fur supplied by the patient's mother. IgE-mediated reactivity was positive for deer and cattle by both selective skin prick method and RAST results. Conclusion Hypersensitivity to wild animals can lead to life threatening anaphylaxis, even in children. Passive transfer of antigen may occur, but needs further investigation.
A carreira transimperial de don Manuel Cipriano de Melo no rio da Prata do século XVIII

O presente artigo examina a trajetoria e as redes sociais de um sudito portugues e espanhol, don Manuel Cipriano de Melo, que cruzou fronteiras e mudou sua lealdade politica diversas vezes para explorar as relacoes entre redes transimperiais, comunidades regionais e dinâmicas imperiais no periodo colonial. A trajetoria de Cipriano de Melo exemplifica como grupos regionais utilizaram redes transimperiais para incrementar seu status e poder dentro da conjuntura imperial, assim como oferece uma oportunidade para a analise do papel de dinâmicas transimperiais em areas nao privilegiadas dentro do sistema comercial espanhol. Para reconstruir a trajetoria de vida de Cipriano de Melo esta pesquisa contou com fontes documentais depositadas em arquivos na Argentina, Uruguai, Brasil, Portugal, Espanha e Estados Unidos.
Heat Treatment of Mill Creek and Dover Cherts on the Malden Plain, Southeast Missouri

Abstract Electron spin resonance (ESR) of the E' centre in quartz provides a semiquantitative method not only for determining whether cherts and other siliceous rocks have been heated but also allowing for a rough estimation of the temperature. This method, unlike others currently available, is potentially nondestructive. Here ESR is used to investigate the Late Prehistoric trade in hoes in the eastern United States. In spite of a wealth of chert resources, the vast majority of hoes are manufactured from two sources and traded as finished products. It is argued that the trade is effectively explained by the functional requirements of the implements. Hoes must be able to withstand abusive wear. Tough rock that approximates the tabular form of the finished product, thereby minimizing manufacturing costs, constrains production locales. This hypothesis is supported by the fact that while heat-treatment is not used in hoe manufacture because it would make the stone brittle, it is employed in consumer recycling of broken hoes for less demanding tasks where heat-treatment enhances manufacture without impairing performance.
Two-dimensional POMMIE J(CH)-resolved 13C NMR spectrum editing. Application to peptide and carbohydrate derivatives

A pulse sequence has been implemented for two-dimensional POMMIE J(CH)-resolved 13C NMR spectroscopy and has been used to explore three methods for the automated acquisition of data for two-dimensional spectrum editing. In the first two methods, sets of three two-dimensional data matrices are acquired in either sequential or interleaved modes, by use of three values, π = ϕ/6, π/2 and 5π/6, for the phase shift of the multiple quantum read pulse. Computation of linear combinations of these three data matrices by use of a Pascal program that had been written earlier for two-dimensional DEPT spectrum editing yielded two-dimensional POMMIE J(CH)-resolved CH, CH2 and CH3 subspectra. In the third method, these subspectra are constructed directly during acquisition, by rotation of the phase shifts of the multiple quantum read pulse and the receiver. Selected small peptides and carbohydrate derivatives were used as model compounds for this study, and their 1H and 13C NMR assignments were confirmed by two-dimensional COSY and heteronuclear CH chemical shift correlation techniques. The results show that if appropriate equipment is available, the two-dimensional POMMIE method is easier to implement for J(CH)-resolved spectral editing than the two-dimensional DEPT technique. However, these methods are comparable in their ability to suppress residual signals.
CTBT: FORECASTING the future

The nuclear test ban treaty can't enter into force until eleven “holdout” nations both sign and ratify it—including the United States. Many seem to be hiding behind U.S. inaction.
A descriptive study on the outsourcing of information systems functions

A few years ago some major outsourcing contracts were signed by large corporations like Eastman Kodak and General Dynamics. Since then the trade literature in particular has examined the outsourcing of Information Systems (IS) functions as an important and growing trend. This paper attempts to provide a systematic overview of the outsourcing phenomenon. IS outsourcing is viewed from a definitional and an evolutionary perspective. It is argued that outsourcing is not new, but its nature has evolved over decades. An exploratory study of 188 firms is reported; it provides insight into the types of IS functions being outsourced and the relationship between outsourcing and certain demographics: size, industry and information intensity. The results suggest that while system-operations remains the predominant function outsourced, other functions are also being performed by external service providers. Further, industry and information intensity have some influence on the extent of outsourcing of certain functions.
Critical Multiculturalism and the Politics of Identity in Academic Writing

This article discusses the critiques of critical multiculturalism of the well-established notion of liberal multiculturalism. Drawing insights from a critical theory, critical multiculturalism attempts to challenge and deconstruct the basic constructs such as culture and knowledge from the perspective of liberal multiculturalism. From this line of inquiry, I proceed to argue that English language education in the Indonesian context still clings to the spirit of liberal multicultural orthodoxy, which is evident from the English pedagogy policy, teaching and research. I then suggest that by adopting a critical perspective of multiculturalism, and hence critical multiculturalism as a framework of thinking, we can help raise teachers‟ awareness to adopt critical teaching and research practices that not only value the multiplicity of students‟ cultures but also resist linguistic and cultural determinism prevalent especially in academic writing practice. To demonstrate the possibility of resistance against the hegemonic forces of linguistic and cultural determinism, I present case studies of multilingual student writers in their search of the politics of identity in academic writing.
Interaction of sodium thiocyanate with rat hepatic glucocorticoid-receptor complexes.

Abstract 0.1–0.3 M sodium thiocyanate greatly enhanced the rate of inactivation of unbound rat hepatic glucocorticoid receptors in vitro at 4°C. Prior treatment of the unbound glucocorticoid receptor with 10 nM molybdate (at 25°C for 30 min) protected the receptor from 0.3 M KCl, but not from 0.3 M NaSCN inactivation. When the [ 3 H]dexamethasone-receptor complex was examined on sucrose density gradients containing 0.1 M NaSCN, the receptor sedimented as a 4 S complex rather than the 7 S form observed in 0.1 M KCl gradients. NaSCN was found to be more effective in the extraction of both in vivo and in vitro nuclear-bound [ 3 H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes than KCl. At a concentration of 0.3 M, NaSCN extracted most of the specific nuclear-bound receptor. 50 mM NaSCN significantly blocked the thermal activation of preformed [ 3 H]dexamethasone-receptor complexes. The chaotropic salt, NaSCN, appears therefore to have significant effects on glucocorticoid receptors in vitro. In addition, NaSCN appears to be a useful agent in quantitative extraction of steroid from nuclear-bound steroid-receptor complexes.
Dynamics and Heat Transfer Associated With a Single Bubble During Nucleate Boiling on a Horizontal Surface

In this study, a complete numerical simulation of a growing and departing bubble on a horizontal surface has been performed. A finite difference scheme is used to solve the equations governing conservation of mass, momentum, and energy in the vapor-liquid layers. The vapor-liquid interface is captured by a level set method which is modified to include the influence of phase change at the liquid-vapor interphase. The disjoining pressure effect is included in the numerical analysis to account for heat transfer through the liquid microlayer. From the numerical simulation, the location where the vapor-liquid interface contacts the wall is observed to expand and then retract as the bubble grows and departs. The effect of static contact angle and wall superheat on bubble dynamics has been quantified. The bubble growth predicted from numerical analysis has been found to compare well with the experimental data reported in the literature and that obtained in this work
The Use of Religious Symbols in American Military Press Releases

This work crosses historical and critical cultural traditions and examines the status of religion in militaristic iconography and ritual and examines two main questions. What happens when collective goals are in opposition to the individual's personal morals and ethics? Is religion used to justify military acts or attitudes by the individual in order to come to terms with their service? This project will examine press releases on the National Guard website within a three month period. The goal is to look for meaning on how they support (or not support) the use of religion by the military and the American civil religion. It is interested in the cultural work of religion, or what religion is being used to do. A comparison will also be done against press releases that concern religious issues in the military at the time of a news event. Historically, the study will trace the uses of religious practices and rituals within the military. Historians such as Jonathan Ebel, Jolyon Mitchell, and Martha Nussbaum will inform this discussion
Biosynthesis of deoxyribonucleotides in Ochromonas malhamensis.

SYNOPSIS. Uniformly 14C-labeled pyrimidine ribonucleosides and orotic-6-14C acid were fed to growing cultures of Ochromonas malhamensis and the radioactivity appearing in RNA and DNA was determined. The carbon skeletons of uridine and cytidine were incorporated intact into all of the pyrimidine nucleotides from RNA and DNA. Incorporation of radioactivity into the purine nucleotides was negligible. The evidence supports the conclusion that deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis in this organism proceeds via a pathway involving the direct reduction of the corresponding ribonucleosides or ribonucleotides. An important role for a trans-N-deoxyribosylase in deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis here appears to be ruled out.
Reputation, monitoring, and effort

This paper studies the impact of strategic monitoring on reputation building, focusing in particular on models of the principal-agent type. The main result is that the principal always will monitor risk-neutral agents more closely early in the game, while such agents may or may not work harder as the game progresses, depending on their initial reputation. If agents are sufficiently risk-averse, they will always work harder early in the game, whereas the principal may or may not monitor such agents more closely as the game progresses.
Clustering-based topical Web crawling using CFu-tree guided by link-context

Topical Web crawling is an established technique for domain-specific information retrieval. However, almost all the conventional topical Web crawlers focus on building crawlers using different classifiers, which needs a lot of labeled training data that is very difficult to labelmanually. This paper presents a novel approach called clustering-based topical Web crawling which is utilized to retrieve information on a specific domain based on link-context and does not require any labeled training data. In order to collect domain-specific content units, a novel hierarchical clustering method called bottom-up approach is used to illustrate the process of clustering where a new data structure, a linked list in combination with CFu-tree, is implemented to store cluster label, feature vector and content unit. During clustering, four metrics are presented. First, comparison variation (CV) is defined to judge whether the closest pair of clusters can be merged. Second, cluster impurity (CIP) evaluates the cluster error. Then, the precision and recall of clustering are also presented to evaluate the accuracy and comprehensive degree of the whole clustering process. Link-context extraction technique is used to expand the feature vector of anchor text which improves the clustering accuracy greatly. Experimental results show that the performance of our proposed method overcomes conventional focused Web crawlers both in Harvest rate and Target recall.
Hypermagnesemia from birth asphyxia.

Clinical indicators of birth asphysia were correlated with the concentrations of the 4 major cations in blood from 95 human placentas. The plasma concentration of Mg ++ was inversely related to the Apgar score, whereas the Na + and Ca ++ concentrations were not influenced by birth asphyxia. There was suggestive evidence for a rise in the plasma K + concentration with birth asphyxia. A series of experiments on newborn dogs confirmed that with acute neonatal anoxia there is a shift of the 2 major intracellular cations into the plasma.
Effects of fire management practices on butterfly diversity in the forested western United States

Abstract In response to a policy of fire suppression since early in the 20th century, forest managers have recently initiated emergency programs of prescribed burning to reduce readily combustible fuel loads in many forests of the western United States. The effects of burning on woody plant composition and structure are relatively well understood; however, little is known about the impact of burning on other taxa. I tested the response of butterflies to fire reintroduction in the Rogue River National Forest and Yosemite National Park. I established replicated transects on three different types of prescribed burn treatment (forest burns, fuel breaks, and riparian burns), as well as control sites, to monitor adult butterfly richness and diversity. Two to three times as many butterfly species occur in forest burns as controls, 13 times as many in fuel breaks as controls, and twice as many in riparian burns as controls. The results of this study suggest that the reintroduction of diverse fire management methods, especially riparian burning, will benefit butterfly diversity in coniferous forests. Further study is required to examine potential proscriptions against riparian burning, including erosion and invasive species encroachment. Both area and density of gaps in the forest canopy were found to explain large amounts of the variation in butterfly richness (R2=0.64 and R2=0.80, respectively). This study demonstrates that using non-traditional taxa (e.g., butterflies instead of trees) to study ecosystem processes may help to provide valuable insights into alternative management strategies.
Differential effects of hypercapnia on expiratory phases of respiration in the piglet.

Abstract Hypercapnia induces prolongation of expiratory time (T e ) during early development. In the present study, we determined the response to steady state hypercapnia of three neural phases of the total respiratory cycle, inspiration (T i ), stage 1 or passive expiration, T e -1 and stage 2 or active expiration, T e -2. Experiments were performed in decerebrate, vagotomized, spontaneously breathing piglets aged 5–10 days. Neural phases of the respiratory cycle were based on electrical activities of the thyroarytenoid (TA, laryngeal adductor) and triangularis sternii (TS, chest wall expiratory muscle) in relation to diaphragm (D) activity. We observed that hypercapnia induced prolongation of both expiratory phases. The greater prolongation of T e -1 was associated with an increase in TA activity and an increase in laryngeal resistance, which peaked early in T e -1, and then progressively decreased. These findings demonstrate that, in early postnatal life, a hypercapnia induced increase in respiratory drive is associated with centrally mediated prolongation of both phases of expiration, a greater prolongation of T e -1, and an increase in laryngeal resistance during post-inspiration. We speculate that the latter serves to optimize gas exchange by reducing large fluctuations in functional residual capacity.
The occurrence of the H3+ ion in the mass spectra of organic compounds

Abstract The H3+ ion is shown to be a normal component of low yield in the fragmentation pattern of organic compounds (except C2H2). The pattern of H3+ is tabulated for the 780 eV mass spectrum of each of 33 compounds of various types. Specific studies of the energetics of formation of H3+ from CH4, C2H6 and CH3Cl, and of D3+ from CD4 were conducted. The H3+ ion is shown to be derived from two sources, a low initial kinetic energy component which arises from fragmentation of the singly charged molecular ion and a high initial kinetic energy component whose appearance potential and kinetic energy release are consistent with fragmentation of the doubly charged molecular ion. Systematic variations of H3+ pattern factors with carbon number are shown for the n-alkanes and 1-alkenes and with halogen type for the series of methyl halides.
Regulation of the vav proto-oncogene by LKLF

The transcriptional induction of the vav proto-oncogene coincides with the first appearance of the definitive hematopoietic stem cell in the aorta-gonad-mesonephros region. Vav promoter activity was dependent on a previously identified 23 bp DNA segment containing PU.1 and Runx1/AML-1 binding sites and on a newly identified, highly conserved, 12 bp DNA segment (Box B). The sequence of Box B was identical in the human, mouse and rat species. Mutation of the CACCC core sequence led to diminished vav promoter activity. A protein complex which bound to Box B was found in hematopoietic cells but not in cells which did not express vav. A double-stranded oligonucleotide containing a mutation of the CACCC core was less effective in electro-mobility shift assay competitions than the wild-type sequence. UV crosslinking studies identified a 37 kDa DNA binding protein which interacted with Box B in U937 cells. Antibody supershift assays identified this protein as lung Kruppel-like factor (LKLF). LKLF, expressed as a glutathione S-transferase fusion protein, was capable of binding to Box B. A dominant-negative LKLF was able to inhibit the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein by the vav promoter and chromatin immunoprecipitations detected LKLF bound to the vav promoter in U937 but not HeLa cells. These in vitro results suggest future in vivo experiments to examine the role of LKLF, a gene required for vasculogenesis, in the induction of vav during the genesis of the definitive hematopoietic stem cell from the vascular endothelium.
Music is my life: disseminating design research to the community

This short paper asks the question: How might we disseminate design research to the community? One possible response is discussed wherein drawings and stories created by 129 homeless young people became an art exhibit called, Music is My Life.
Assessment of psychological distress in prospective bone marrow transplant patients

Patient psychological distress is associated with many aspects of the bone marrow transplantation (BMT) process and has been linked with poor treatment outcomes. We assessed psychological distress in potential BMT candidates, and compared patient and nurse coordinator ratings of emotional distress at the time of initial BMT consultation. Fifty patients self-reported psychological distress using both the NCCN Distress Thermometer (DT) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Coordinators rated patient emotional distress using the DT and Coordinator Rating Scales that measure anxiety and depression. Fifty and 51% of patients self-reported clinically significant levels of emotional distress and anxiety, respectively, but only 20% self-reported clinically significant levels of depression. There was good correlation between ratings using the brief DT and the more comprehensive HADS. There was significant but only moderate agreement between patient and coordinator ratings of emotional distress and anxiety, with coordinators underestimating the number of patients with high levels of emotional distress. In addition, coordinator ratings of patient emotional distress primarily reflected anxiety, whereas anxiety and depression together only minimally accounted for patient self-reports of psychological distress. These findings suggest that: (1) the DT can be a useful screening device; (2) approximately half of patients at the time of initial consultation for BMT already experience significant levels of psychological distress; and (3) coordinators observe emotional distress primarily as anxiety, but patients experience psychological distress as something more than anxiety and depression.
Root canal morphology of mandibular premolars

Two or more canals were found in more than a fourth of the mandibular first premolars examined and in less than 3% o f the mandibular second premolars studied. Four hundred mandibular first premolars and 400 mandibular second premolars were decalcified, injected with dye, and made transparent to determine the number of root canals, their type, the ramifications of the main root canal, the location of apical foramina and transverse anastomoses, and the frequency of apical deltas. The mandibular first premolar had one canal at the apex in 74.0% of the teeth, two canals at the apex in 25.5%, and three canals at the apex in 0.5% of the teeth. The mandibular second premolar had one canal at the apex in 97.5% and two canals at the apex in 2.5% of the teeth.