cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Psychosis in Older Adults

There is an increase of the prevalence of psychotic symptoms in older adults. The presence at this period of life of the highest comorbidity rate, the changes of the central nervous system with ageing, and the particular high frequency of life stressors during this period of life may all explain this. Psychotic symptoms are present in an important number of medical and psychiatric conditions and they make part of psychotic disorders in late life too. The same classification of disorders with psychotic symptoms in adults may be used for older adults. Primary psychotic symptoms exist in persistent psychotic disorders (schizophrenia, delusional disorder, and schizoaffective disorder), acute psychotic disorder, and personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, and schizotypal personality disorders). Secondary psychotic symptoms include major and minor neurocognitive disorders, delirium, organic mental disorders, disorders due to psychoactive substance use, bipolar disorders, and depressive episode. Somatic disorders, comorbidities and iatrogenic causes are included at this cluster. Assessment and management of psychosis in older adults at primary care require an organization of the mental health-care system. The management of psychosis in older adults implies the proper use of multidisciplinary therapeutic interventions: pharmacotherapy and psychological, social, and occupational therapy. All forms of stigma and discrimination against older adults with psychosis and their carers should be eliminated.
Predisposing factors to hamstring neuromuscular deficits—implications for prevention and rehabilitation of hamstring strain injuries: a narrative review

Background: Scientific knowledge on hamstring strain injuries (HSI) constantly accumulates for the last 100 years. However HSI still exhibit high injury/re-injury rates and new areas of research mu...
82 Identification of neoantigens from non-primary tumor tissue in patients with recurrent ovarian cancer by sequencing and subsequent HLA ligand mass spectrometry

Objectives Adoptive transfer of autologous Tcells specifically targeting neoepitopes derived from tumor mutations has achieved responses in melanoma and other cancers. We sought to identify ovarian cancer neoepitopes. Methods We collected tumor, blood and ascites specimens from ovarian cancer patients. We combined mass spectrometry analysis of MHC class1 peptidomes with parallel sequencing of whole exome and RNA of cancer cells, to identify neoepitopes. Missense mutations were identified by whole exome sequencing and epitopes confirmed by mass spectrometry from ascites. We selected peptides predicted to have high binding affinity to HLA-A*02:01, for in vitro Tcell priming. We first validated the immunogenicity of these peptides for priming Tcells with synthesized peptides in healthy HLA-A*02:01+ donors. Results 32 missense mutations were identified in patient’s ascites. 7 epitopes were confirmed by mass spectroscopy; 5 were predicted to have high binding affinity to HLA-A*02:01. 3/5 epitopes induced peptide-specific Tcell responses not cross-reactive with native sequences. However, these 3 peptides failed to induce autologous peptide-specific Tcell response in TILs to patient‘s ascites, nor to autologous tumor cells, suggesting immunosuppression. Interestingly, when autologous tumor cells were pre-treated with IFN-gamma, Tcell responses against tumor cells were observed. Conclusions We demonstrated effective T cell responses against tumor neoantigens, is not only dependent on stimulation of Tcells, but also on efficient epitope processing and presentation on cell surface. While efforts have been focused on activation of Tcell responses, such as immune checkpoint blockade, our study suggests that strategies to modulate tumor cells to efficiently present neoepitopes should be considered for successful immunotherapy against neoantigens.
Introduction, Spread, and Establishment of West Nile Virus in the Americas

The introduction of West Nile virus (WNV) to North America in 1999 and its subsequent rapid spread across the Americas demonstrated the potential impact of arboviral introductions to new regions, and this was reinforced by the subsequent introductions of chikungunya and Zika viruses. Extensive studies of host-pathogen-vector-environment interactions over the past two decades have illuminated many aspects of the ecology and evolution of WNV and other arboviruses, including the potential for pathogen adaptation to hosts and vectors, the influence of climate, land use and host immunity on transmission ecology, and the difficulty in preventing the establishment of a zoonotic pathogen with abundant wildlife reservoirs. Here, we focus on outstanding questions concerning the introduction, spread, and establishment of WNV in the Americas, and what it can teach us about the future of arboviral introductions. Key gaps in our knowledge include the following: viral adaptation and coevolution of hosts, vectors and the virus; the mechanisms and species involved in the large-scale spatial spread of WNV; how weather modulates WNV transmission; the drivers of large-scale variation in enzootic transmission; the ecology of WNV transmission in Latin America; and the relative roles of each component of host-virus-vector interactions in spatial and temporal variation in WNV transmission. Integrative studies that examine multiple factors and mechanisms simultaneously are needed to advance our knowledge of mechanisms driving transmission.
Black spots on a toddler’s skin

You are called to the emergency room to evaluate a healthy 2-year-old boy with black spots on his legs that were noted yesterday evening. His younger brother developed similar black spots this morning. The boys are healthy, and the lesions are not symptomatic and appear to be superficial.
Quantifying Interferent Effects on Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Sensors for Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS).

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are emerging as harmful environmental micropollutants. Generally, PFAS species are quantified by mass spectrometry, for which a collected sample is taken to a centralized facility. Robust techniques to quantify PFAS in the field are necessary to diagnose environmental contamination at the earliest onset of pollution. Here, we developed a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode for the detection of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and explored the MIP surface and the effects of interfering molecules. MIPs were formed by the anodic deposition of o-phenylenediamine (o-PD) in the presence of PFOS template molecules on a glassy carbon macroelectrode. The performance of the resulting MIP electrode was evaluated by the current obtained from the oxidation of ferrocene carboxylic acid as the electrochemical probe. The MIP electrode was able to detect PFOS with a detection limit of 0.05 nM, which is lower than the health advisory limit of 0.14 nM reported by the U.S. EPA. To better understand PFOS association into the MIP, a Langmuir binding model was developed based on the changes in electrochemical responses of the MIP. Fitting the model to the experimental data gave an association constant (KA) of 4.95 × 1012 over a PFOS concentration range of 0 to 0.05 nM. The binding isotherm of other commonly found substances in contaminated water sources such as chloride, humic acid, perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorobutanesulfonate (PFBS) was also investigated. In the case of chloride and humic acid, the calculated KA values of 9.05 × 107 and 6.01 × 105, respectively, indicate relatively weak adsorption of these species on the MIP. However, PFOA, which is the carboxylate analog of PFOS, revealed a very close KA value (3.41 × 1012) to PFOS. A greater KA value (1.43 × 1013) was obtained for PFBS, which possesses the same functional group and a smaller molecular size compared to PFOS. The presented platform emphasizes the necessity to develop new strategies to make MIP sensors more specific if practical applications are to be pursued.
Eye plaque brachytherapy versus enucleation for ocular melanoma: an analysis from the National Cancer Database

Purpose There is no current randomized data comparing the efficacy of brachytherapy and enucleation for patients with larger sized tumors. The purpose of the present study was to use a large, contemporary database to determine current practice patterns and compare survival outcomes between different management options for patients with choroidal melanoma of various sizes. Material and methods The National Cancer Database was queried (2004-2014) for histologically-confirmed choroidal melanoma for patients treated with brachytherapy versus enucleation. Chi-square test was used to compare categorized demographic and clinical variables in both arms. Kaplan-Meier analysis evaluated overall survival (OS). Cox proportional hazards assessment determined variables associated with OS. Patients were divided into cohorts representing small, medium, and large tumors. Propensity scores matching (PSM) was utilized to compare more similar cohorts. Results A total of 7,096 patients met the selection criteria; 5,501 (78%) patients received brachytherapy and 1,595 (22%) patients were treated with enucleation. After PSM, 5-yr OS for small tumors was 87% vs. 64%, for medium tumors was 77% vs. 57%, and for large tumors was 68% vs. 46% for brachytherapy and enucleation, respectively (p < 0.001). Following PSM, multivariate Cox regression found older age (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.76, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.51-2.06), more comorbidities (HR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.25-1.70), extraocular extension (EOE) (HR = 1.25, 95% CI = 1.06-1.48), ciliary body invasion (CBI) (HR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.02-1.40), and larger size (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.40-1.66) were negative prognosticators of survival. Brachytherapy was a positive prognosticator of survival (HR = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.40-0.51). Conclusions Patients selected for brachytherapy had improved survival compared to enucleation in all size cohorts. EOE and CBI are significantly higher in the enucleation cohort and are important negative prognosticators for survival selected against patients having brachytherapy. Brachytherapy is a reasonable treatment option for certain patients with large size tumors.
Mono-Palladium Substitution in Gold Nanoclusters Enhances CO2 Electroreduction Activity and Selectivity

Atomically precise gold nanoclusters provide opportunities for correlating the structure and electrocatalytic properties at the atomic-level. Here, we report the singe-atom doping effect on CO2 red...
Correction to: Control in the presence of manipulators: cooperative and competitive cases

Unfortunately, a post-galley copyediting error altered the contents of cells in the Condorcet Elections columns of the table in Footnote 7.
Heat transfer in a turbulent channel flow with super-hydrophobic or liquid-infused walls

Heat transport over super-hydrophobic (SHS) and liquid-infused surfaces (LIS) is studied using direct numerical simulations of a turbulent channel flow. The lower wall of the channel consists of either longitudinal or transversal bars with a secondary fluid locked in the cavities between the surface elements. We consider two viscosity ratios between the fluids mimicking SHS and LIS. The thermal diffusivity is varied to assess its effect on thermal performance. We investigate the dependence of heat transfer on the elements pitch-to-height ratio and on the interface dynamics. The interface deformation (dependent upon the surface tension between the two fluids) is fully coupled to the fluid governing equations with the level-set method. Present simulations are consistent with published results about the drag-reducing potential of SHS and LIS in turbulent flow compared to the smooth wall. In the limiting case of infinite surface tension (the interface remains flat and slippery), heat transfer efficiency (heat transfer to drag ratio) can be enhanced compared to a smooth wall. Although the total heat flux is marginally reduced, SHS and LIS with longitudinal ridges achieve a comparatively larger drag reduction, which increases the efficiency. A model is derived from the energy equation to correlate the heat transfer performance with the thermal slip length ( and a smaller heat transfer efficiency than the smooth wall. In the case of finite surface tension, the dynamics of the interface generates a turbulent flux which improves the thermal performance, but tends to decrease the amount of drag reduction. Liquid-infused surfaces are more robust than SHS to the deformation of the interface thanks to the larger viscosity of the secondary fluid and maintain about the same drag reduction as in the infinite surface tension case. For SHS longitudinal bars, simultaneous increase in heat transfer and reduction in drag are observed, leading to an apparent breakdown of the Reynolds analogy. Also in the case of finite surface tension, heat transfer efficiency scales with the relative magnitude of the thermal and streamwise slip lengths. The results suggest a potential expansion of the control space for engineers. Depending on the application, one can reach an optimal combination of heat transfer and drag by tuning the shape of the substrate and the viscosity and diffusivity ratios.
Does a Single Lone Particle Have a Wavefunction \({\varvec{\uppsi}}\)? YES. An Experimental Test of Einstein’s “Unfinished Revolution”

I propose a simple experiment providing evidence that each individual particle is described by a wavefunction of its own. This is contrary to the interpretation of quantum mechanics (QM) apparently favored by Einstein toward the end of his career, at the time his famous autobiographical notes were written. His so-called statistical interpretation holds that individual particles do not have their own wavefunctions; rather, the quantum wavefunction ψ is supposed to ONLY apply to a very multiple, large ensemble of identically prepared particles. For a single particle it fails Einstein criteria of reality and completeness. The experiment proposed here requires heralded single photon counting. In essence we simply prepare many many down-converted signal particles—each heralded by its own accompanying idler that triggers the whole apparatus; prepare the signal photons in different states, assuring that no wavefunction is represented more than once in the entire set of measurement instances. Then take the full set of individual particle counts and show they agree with the implications of standard QM. The exposition makes several connections to Mike Horne’s interests, collaborations and work. The specific property used herein is polarization. For linear polarizations we recover the cosine-squared Law of Malus by preparing individual photons in all possible orientations, then measuring their passage through a fixed orientation analyzer.
Dialectical Holism in Space-Time and Particle Physics

The purpose of this chapter is to introduce and evaluate the arguments and conceptual corner stones that are essential in a dialectical holist philosophy of physics. In Sect. 3.1, Harris’s appeal to relativity as empirical support of dialectical relations and the unifying principle is assessed for its theoretical viability. The aim of Sect. 3.2 is to evaluate Harris’s holism in the standard model of cosmology and in quantum theory. These sections reveal that Harris’s identification of the unifying principle in macro and micro scales of physics remains plausible and is echoed in contemporary works. However, Harris’s conception of the Concrete Universal is at odds with the reductive unity espoused by proponents of the SM. Harris’s appeal to anthropic reasoning is introduced in Sect. 3.3, where his implicit motivations for linking the philosophical discussions of cosmos and mind is clarified and defended.
Nutrient content of the edible leaves of seven wild plants from Niger.

Wild plants play an important role in the diet of the inhabitants of Niger. These plants tend to be drought-resistant and are gathered both in times of plenty as well as times of need. Used in everyday cooking, famine foods may be an important source of nutrients. The goal of this study was to investigate the nutritional role of wild plants in the nigerien diet. To this end, leaves of seven plants species were analyzed for their mineral, amino acid and fatty acid contents: Ximenia americana, Amaranthus viridus, Corchorus tridens, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Maerua crassifolia, Moringa oleifera, and Leptadenia hastata. Ximenia americana} contained large amounts of calcium. Large quantities of iron were present in Amaranthus viridus. All seven plants contained significant amounts of selenium and phosphorus. Corchorus tridens contained the most protein (19–25% dry weight), and its composition compared favorably to the World Health Organization's standard for essential amino acids. Moringa oleifera contained 17% protein and compared favorably with the WHO standard. Corchorus tridens contained the largest amounts of the two essential fatty acids linoleic and α-linolenic acids. These results reinforce the growing awareness that wild edible plants of the Western Sahel can contribute useful amounts of essential nutrients, including amino acids, fatty acids and trace minerals, to human diets.
ret2dir: rethinking kernel isolation

Return-to-user (ret2usr) attacks redirect corrupted kernel pointers to data residing in user space. In response, several kernel-hardening approaches have been proposed to enforce a more strict address space separation, by preventing arbitrary control flow transfers and dereferences from kernel to user space. Intel and ARM also recently introduced hardware support for this purpose in the form of the SMEP, SMAP, and PXN processor features. Unfortunately, although mechanisms like the above prevent the explicit sharing of the virtual address space among user processes and the kernel, conditions of implicit sharing still exist due to fundamental design choices that trade stronger isolation for performance. In this work, we demonstrate how implicit page frame sharing can be leveraged for the complete circumvention of software and hardware kernel isolation protections. We introduce a new kernel exploitation technique, called return-to-direct-mapped memory (ret2dir), which bypasses all existing ret2usr defenses, namely SMEP, SMAP, PXN, KERNEXEC, UDEREF, and kGuard. We also discuss techniques for constructing reliable ret2dir exploits against x86, x86-64, AArch32, and AArch64 Linux targets. Finally, to defend against ret2dir attacks, we present the design and implementation of an exclusive page frame ownership scheme for the Linux kernel that prevents the implicit sharing of physical memory pages with minimal runtime overhead.
Flow and Load Variations in Treatment Plant Design

A major problem in designing water pollution control plants is sizing units to have adequate capacity to treat peak flow rates and waste loads without process failure or significant loss in performance. A case study of a midwest city is used as a basis for determining peak-to-average wastewater flow and load ratios. These peaking ratios provided a basis for making various recommendations for designing specific treatment units for activated sludge plants. The peaking considerations covered should apply to design of plants for any size city although specific ratios should be developed from local records.
PARENTAL SOCIALIZATION AND RATIONAL PARTY IDENTIFICATION

This article constructs a rational choice model of the intergenerational transmission of party identification. At a given time, identification with a party is the estimate of average future benefits from candidates of that party. Experienced voters constantly update this expectation using political events since the last realignment to predict the future in accordance with Bayes Rule. New voters, however, have no experience of their own. In Bayesian terms, they need prior beliefs. It turns out that under certain specified conditions, these young voters should rationally choose to employ parental experience to help orient themselves to politics. The resulting model predicts several well–known features of political socialization, including the strong correlation between parents' and children's partisanship, the greater partisan independence of young voters, and the tendency of partisan alignments to decay.
Human macrophage-lymphocyte interaction in proliferation to soluble antigen. I. Specific delection of lymphocyte proliferative activity on macrophage monolayers.

Abstract The interaction between human T lymphocytes and autologous macrophages (Mφ) in the proliferative response to soluble antigen was investigated. The presence of Mφ was a requirement for maximal lymphocyte proliferation to tetanus toxoid antigen. Brief exposure of Mφ to TT resulted in “antigen-pulsed” Mφ which could stimulate proliferation by lymphocytes in the absence of free antigen. Taking advantage of the adherent nature of Mφ, monolayers of antigen-pulsed Mφ were used to specifically adsorb antigen-reactive lymphocytes. This immunoadsorption was manifested by a specific deletion of proliferative activity in the fraction of lymphocytes failing to bind to the monolayers.
Partition identities and geometric bijections

We present a geometric framework for a class of partition identities. We show that there exists a unique bijection proving these identities, which satisfies certain linearity conditions. In particular, we show that Corteel's bijection enumerating partitions with nonnegative r-th differences can be obtained by our approach. Other examples and generalizations are presented.
Reduction of failure rates in automated analysis of difficult images: improved simultaneous detection of left and right coronary borders

A new model-based simultaneous coronary border detection method is reported that uses 3-D graph searching principles and detects borders that are optimal when taken as a pair. The method significantly reduces the failure rate for difficult images while substantially enhancing computational efficiency. It was compared to the conventional border detection method, which has been shown to be accurate for uncomplicated images. The robustness of each method was assessed for 43 difficult images in which conventional analysis was likely to fail. Minimum lumen diameters from the conventional and simultaneous detection methods were highly correlated for uncomplicated images. For difficult images, simultaneous border detection reduced the analysis failure rate from 32/43 to 11/43. >
Magnetic pair breaking in HoNi2B2C.

Neutron-diffraction techniques have been used to study the interplay between superconductivity and magnetism in ${\mathrm{HoNi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{B}}_{2}$C (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=8 K). The experimental results, obtained on single crystals, show that below approximately 4.7 K, this compound is in a simple antiferromagnetic state that coexists with superconductivity. Between approximately 4.7 and 6 K, an incommensurate modulated magnetic structure has been found. This observation strongly suggests that pair breaking associated with this incommensurate magnetic structure is responsible for the deep minimum in ${\mathit{H}}_{\mathit{c}2}$ and the near-reentrant behavior observed in this compound at approximately 5 K.
Who is Part of the Environmental Movement? Assessing Network Linkages between NGOs and Corporations

In 2005, the number of organizations that described themselves as environmental NGOs reached 6,493. But, are all of these organizations part of same the environmental movement? This paper uses the tools of social network analysis to illustrate that the movement is actually an intertwined constellation of networks, each with multiple and differentiated constituencies, some of which intersect with business organizations. By creating network clusters of NGOs based on (a) issue keywords, and (b) board interlocks with corporations and foundations, this paper challenges the simple classifications of "non-governmental organization" or "corporation" as accurate descriptors of who is in and who is out of the movement. In the end, such classifications may serve as misnomers, lumping many organizations or clusters of organizations with varied interests into one category. This result has implications for both the roles that individual NGOs can play when engaging with business and how they interact with the network as a whole.
Multiscale multimodal fusion of histological and MRI volumes for characterization of lung inflammation

Mouse lung models facilitate the investigation of conditions such as chronic inflammation which are associated with common lung diseases. The multi-scale manifestation of lung inflammation prompted us to use multi-scale imaging - both in vivo, ex vivo MRI along with ex vivo histology, for its study in a new quantitative way. Some imaging modalities, such as MRI, are non-invasive and capture macroscopic features of the pathology, while others, e.g. ex vivo histology, depict detailed structures. Registering such multi-modal data to the same spatial coordinates will allow the construction of a comprehensive 3D model to enable the multi-scale study of diseases. Moreover, it may facilitate the identification and definition of quantitative of in vivo imaging signatures for diseases and pathologic processes. We introduce a quantitative, image analytic framework to integrate in vivo MR images of the entire mouse with ex vivo histology of the lung alone, using lung ex vivo MRI as conduit to facilitate their co-registration. In our framework, we first align the MR images by registering the in vivo and ex vivo MRI of the lung using an interactive rigid registration approach. Then we reconstruct the 3D volume of the ex vivo histological specimen by efficient group wise registration of the 2D slices. The resulting 3D histologic volume is subsequently registered to the MRI volumes by interactive rigid registration, directly to the ex vivo MRI, and implicitly to in vivo MRI. Qualitative evaluation of the registration framework was performed by comparing airway tree structures in ex vivo MRI and ex vivo histology where airways are visible and may be annotated. We present a use case for evaluation of our co-registration framework in the context of studying chronic inammation in a diseased mouse.
Strengths and limitations of molecular sequence comparisons for inferring the phylogeny of the major groups of fishes

Although the phylogenetic relationships of the major groups of fishes have been extensively studied with morphological characters, not all have been convincingly resolved. Analyses of molecular sequences from these groups may provide additional insights into problematical relationships, but are only just beginning to appear. We compare our own results from analyses of 18s ribosomal RNA sequences with those of other studies using globins, parvalbumins, insulin, 28s ribosomal RNA, and portions of two mitochondria1 genes (12S ribosomal RNA and cytochrome b). Our evaluation of these studies reveals some of the difficulties encountered in reconstructing ancient divergences within the fishes, including unequal rates of evolution (among regions of a molecule as well as among lineages), gene duplication, extinction of lineages, and a possible rapid radiation of gnathostome higher taxa. The importance of evaluating the robustness of particular phylogenetic hypotheses is stressed. Some molecules appear to be inappropriate for investigating higher level divergences within the fishes; others are more promising, but must be examined in more taxa to allow an adequate evaluation of their utility. Convincing support for particular hypotheses of relationship will ultimately require congruence of trees generated from independent molecular data sets.
Black markets for foreign exchange, real exchange rates and inflation

Abstract The black market foreign exchange premium is a tax on exports, creating a conflict between the financing of government spending and the allocative goal of stimulating exports. The premium is solved for in a model that includes private portfolio choice, dual exchange markets and money-financing of the fiscal deficit. The inflationary implications of switching to floats as a means of unifying official and black market rates are then analyzed. Inflation could rise substantially if the lost revenues from exports are replaced with a higher tax on money. The paper is motivated with examples from Sub-Saharan Africa.
Numerical simulation of a reverse-flow NOx-SCR reactor with side-stream ammonia addition

Abstract A heterogeneous model of a reverse-flow NO x -SCR (selective catalytic reduction) reactor was developed to demonstrate ammonia trapping and efficient nitric oxide reduction with side-stream ammonia introduction. The flue gas containing nitric oxide is cycled between the reactor ends while the ammonia flux is distributed among one or more side streams. Similar to energy trapping, a pseudo-steady state is achieved after several flow reversals when the spatiotemporal ammonia adsorbate profiles become invariant, displaying regenerative mass exchange and mass trapping characteristics. The nitric oxide conversion occurs predominantly at the trailing edge of the adsorbate front. Analogous to energy trapping, more adsorbate is trapped at higher reversal frequencies. However, unlike energy trapping wherein increasing the power input increases temperature-peak heights, increasing the gas-phase ammonia concentration broadens the adsorbate profile due to the equilibrium limitations on ammonia adsorption. For stoichiometric amounts of ammonia introduced, sufficient adsorbate is trapped in the catalyst at a pseudo-steady state to convert nitric oxide for tens of minutes. Thus, transient increases in nitric oxide concentration can be easily accommodated with virtually complete nitric oxide conversion and little ammonia slippage from the reactor. Periodic flow reversal with side-stream feed addition is thus an attractive concept for maximizing the utilization of reactive species that adsorb strongly on catalysts.
Optimal attractants to increase visits by clouded leopards to remote‐camera sets

Clouded leopards (Neofelis nebulosa) are rare Southeast Asian felids; they are almost exclusively studied in the wild using remote cameras. These studies identify presence–absence and estimate abundance of clouded leopards to improve conservation efforts. Photographing clouded leopards at remote-camera sites requires extensive time in the field. Improving success of remote-camera sets could improve knowledge about population dynamics and identify critical conservation areas for these animals. This study tested a range of visual and scent attractants widely used to attract felids and other carnivores to remote-camera sites. The goal was to identify attractants that might best attract clouded leopards. During August 2011, we used captive animals (n = 9) at the Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, Virginia, USA, to test attractants. Turkey feathers and U.S. Department of Agriculture scent disks were the best-performing visual and scent attractants (P 0.05). Turkey feathers and scent disks are attractants that are highly effective in a controlled setting and should be field-tested; it appears that they may significantly improve success of remote-camera sets targeting clouded leopards. © 2012 The Wildlife Society.
Private Property Owners and the Remaking of Brownfields

Because owners of brownfield sites are primarily interested in avoiding liability, they are rarely players in reusing planning of their properties. However, in some cases, private companies have taken a leadership role in reuse planning for their moribund sites. This article explores these unique examples of corporate responsibility through surveys of federal and state brownfields officials in the United States and in-depth case studies of reuse projects in three U.S. cities. The findings suggest that firms appear to be motivated for promoting the reuse of their brownfields in order to maintain a reputation in their community, establish an economic precedent for successful reuse, maintain control over potential future environmental liabilities, and as a manifestation of corporate social responsibility. Implication for public works managers and planners include a need to leverage third party liability rules to encourage greater responsibility and leadership by firms in the reuse of their contaminated sites.
Analysis of monoclonal antibody uptake in tumours.

Power (y = axb) and linear (y = a + bx) equations were derived, relating percentage uptake (y) of radionuclide tagged specific (SP) and non-specific (NSP) monoclonal antibody (MoAb) and blood flow (BF) to tumour weight (x) in animal models in the literature. Power equations were more significant than linear equations, that is, MoAb uptake and blood flow did not increase linearly with tumour weight. The power equations were similar to the equation relating surface area (SA) to the volume (V) of a sphere (SA = 4.84 V0.67), but with some categorical differences, namely aSP greater than aSA greater than aNSP, aBF and bSA greater than bNSP bBF.bSP was variable. These results can be correlated with tumour physiology. a and b for non-specific MoAb uptake were similar to those for blood flow, suggesting antibody uptake is blood-flow related. Tumours are vascularized from their surface, explaining their relationship to surface area. Autoradiographs show that the high aSP values are due to preferential uptake of specific MoAb by tumours.
A Simple Derivation of the Luminescence Anisotropy Decay from Randomly Distributed Cylinders Rotating About a Single Axis

A simple derivation is given of the expression describing the anisotropy decay of luminescence for a solution of molecules that can only undergo rotational diffusion about a single cylindrical axis. The usual derivations of the anisotropy decay for this cylindrical model have simply taken limiting cases of the equations resulting from the general treatment of the anisotropy decay of a completely anisotropic rotator or the rotation of an ellipsoid. The arguments presented here can be understood without the mathematical sophistication required to follow the general derivations for the rotational diffusion of a completely anisotropic rotator or ellipsoids. The underlying physical mechanisms leading to a multiple exponential decay of the fluorescence anisotropy signal from a single axis rotating cylinder are clearly shown by following this derivation. The resulting expression for the anisotropy decay is not new. However, the derivation is easily understood, and this article is meant as an introduction to the more advanced treatments of anisotropy decay by rotational diffusion. After presenting the derivation of the rotating cylinder, the corresponding steps of these general treatments and this simple model are indicated. The model is of special interest for describing the anisotropy decay resulting from rotations of proteins within membranes.
The Tucson iron and its relationship to enstatite meteorites

The Tucson meteorite was studied in order to search for the origin of its silicates and to explore a possible relationship between Tucson and the enstatite meteorites. All samples were analyzed with an electron microprobe. The silicate inclusions are described in terms of size and texture, and the silicate mineralogy, which is that of a highly reduced assemblage, is described. The bulk composition of the silicate inclusions is discussed. The results provide evidence of fast cooling. The textural and mineralogical data all point to the presence of a high temperature melt followed by rapid cooling and quenching. Several hypotheses for the origin of the Tucson are discussed, and it is concluded that the preferred hypothesis is that the meteorite formed by the high temperature impact mixing of a forsterite-enstatite silicate assemblage with Si-bearing metal, both having formed in a highly reduced environment.
Investigation of stabilized resonant cavity microwave plasmas for propulsion

Results are presented for the performance of a microwave electrothermal thruster utilizing bluff-body and swirling flow stabilized plasmas with helium and nitrogen propellent. Stabilized plasmas have been produced in the TM011 electromagnetic cavity mode with coupling efficiencies approaching 100% and specific powers up to 27.3 MJ/kg. Fluid dynamic measurements indicate specific impulses of up to 543 s, efficiencies of 44-69%, and thrusts of 0.27—0.40 N with helium propellant. Spectroscopic results indicate plasma core electron temperatures of 11,840-12,170 K with extremely flat radial profiles. Nomenclature A = orifice area, m c = speed of light, m/s cp = specific heat, J/kg K g = gravitational acceleration, m/s2 7sp = specific impulse, s k = Boltzmann's constant, J/K m = particle mass, kg m = mass flow rate, kg/s P,- = incident power, W Po = chamber pressure, Pa Pr = reflected power, W R = gas constant, J/kg K 7} = thrust, N T(k, = stagnation temperature (cold), K Tl}l, = stagnation temperature (hot), K ue = exhaust velocity, m/s y = ratio of specific heats 77 = efficiency j]c = coupling efficiency A = wavelength, A
Rescattering effects and the Schmid theorem

We point out here the importance of the 1967 paper by Christoph Schmid in clarifying recent studies concerning the existence (or nonexistence) of peaks in three-body hadron systems. We further point out that the Schmid theorem left open the possibility that a residual interference term involving the singularity of a triangle diagram can in principle at least lead to observable effects in the differential cross section. Some numerical examples are given.
Infrared Spectroscopy of the Hydrated Electron Clusters (H2O)n-, n = 6, 7: Evidence for Hydrogen Bonding to the Excess Electron

We report the observation of strong vibrational resonances in the photodetachment spectra of (H2O)n-, n = 6, 7, clusters in the mid-infrared region. The resonances appear over a continuous background and occur in the spectral region corresponding to hydrogen bonding (∼3400 cm-1). On the basis of recent calculations by Kim et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 956), we assign these features to “free” OH groups interacting with the excess electron. This assignment is supported by the fact that excitation of the free OH vibration is observed in the photodetachment of (H2O)6- (Coe, et al. J. Chem. Phys. 1990, 92, 3980) indicating that the anion is distorted relative to the neutral along this coordinate.
Form as Diagram of Forces: The Equiangular Spiral in the Work of Pier Luigi Nervi

Abstract The relationships between form, performance, and construction are uniquely demonstrated in the long-span works of Pier Luigi Nervi. The balance of these forces led in Nervi's case to a series of works that take the form of the equiangular spiral, a bizarre geometrical phenomenon that appears regularly in the natural world. The affinities between Nervi's work and the spiral's natural occurrences can be explained via D'Arcy Thompson's On Growth and Form, suggesting that this familiar book on biological morphology be seen by architects in a new and more thorough light.
Schlieren Interferometry Applied to Convective Heat Transfer Studies

A modified schlieren optical system was designed and constructed for a quantitative investigation of free-convection boundary layer temperature profiles. The differential equations governing convective heat transfer belong to the most difficult class of theoretical physics and have been solved analytically for only a few simple cases. Interference photographs, interferograms, obtained using the schlieren interferometer provide a means of circumventing the mathematical problem for many conditions. The photographic results, checked by using thermocouples, were used in evaluating the temperature distribution, the key to the solution of these problems. This paper reports the application of a modified schlieren system in determining the geometric configuration of the thermal boundary layer for free convection from a flat plate at various orientations with the horizontal. Included is a description of the optical and photographic methods used.
Optical imaging of metabolism in HER2 overexpressing breast cancer cells

The optical redox ratio (fluorescence intensity of NADH divided by that of FAD), was acquired for a panel of breast cancer cell lines to investigate how overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) affects tumor cell metabolism, and how tumor metabolism may be altered in response to clinically used HER2-targeted therapies. Confocal fluorescence microscopy was used to acquire NADH and FAD auto-fluorescent images. The optical redox ratio was highest in cells overexpressing HER2 and lowest in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, which lack HER2, progesterone receptor, and estrogen receptor (ER). The redox ratio in ER-positive/HER2-negative cells was higher than what was seen in TNBC cells, but lower than that in HER2 overexpressing cells. Importantly, inhibition of HER2 using trastuzumab significantly reduced the redox ratio in HER2 overexpressing cells. Furthermore, the combinatorial inhibition of HER2 and ER decreased the redox ratio in ER+/HER2+ breast cancer cells to a greater extent than inhibition of either receptor alone. Interestingly, trastuzumab had little impact upon the redox ratio in a cell line selected for acquired resistance to trastuzumab. Taken together, these data indicate that the optical redox ratio measures changes in tumor metabolism that reflect the oncogenic effects of HER2 activity within the cell, as well as the response of the cell to therapeutic inhibition of HER2. Therefore, optical redox imaging holds the promise of measuring response and resistance to receptor-targeted breast cancer therapies in real time, which could potentially impact clinical decisions and improve patient outcome.
Ablation Onset in Unsteady Hypersonic Flow About Nose Tip with Cavity

A forward-facing cavity is examined as a means of reducing the severe heating and ablation at the nose tip of a hypersonic vehicle. Whereas previous studies have concentrated on heating rates alone, the present study addresses the effects of the cavity on ablation onset times through experiments and joined flowfield/heat conduction simulations. A viable experimental technique has been developed to study ablation in the Mach 5 wind tunnel at the University of Texas at Austin J.J. Pickle Research Center. Using this technique, the time to ablation onset for a nonoptimized, rounded-lip, deep-cavity model has been found to be similar to that of the baseline hemisphere-cylinder model. Additionally, the computational technique predicts ablation onset times that agree surprisingly well with the Mach 5 experimental data. Thus, a benchmark is achieved in the computational techniques for future use for determining the experimental flowfield physics of this complex, unsteady hypersonic flow problem
Spectrophotometry and upper limit of gaseous CH4 for Triton

Spectra of Triton with a CCD spectrometer yielded a relative spectral reflectivity curve from 0.56 to 1.05 micron at a resolution of 25 A. Using low-temperature band model parameters from Fink et al. (1980), an upper limit for the one-way path gaseous CH4 abundance of 1 m-am was derived.
Non-stochastic Langevin equation and the arrow of time

The behavior of a Brownian particle coupled to a linear harmonic chain is studied using a non-stochastic analysis. We show how a non-stochastic time correlation function of the fluctuating force reproduces the essential properties of the stochastic correlation function under not too restrictive conditions. The width of our correlation function is ωm-1 in time and, for time scales ⪢ωm-1, behaves as a delta function. We discuss how irreversible-like behavior might occur in spite of the reversibility of our Langevin equation and how irreversibility depends upon a restricted narrow class of initial conditions. Our results thus help dispel the mystery of the “arrow of time”.
Endodontic therapy associated with a case of cuspid gigantism

A case of cuspid gigantism is reported. A technique used to diagnose and complete the root canal therapy is discussed. Modifications of conventional techniques and materials are shown to be effective in managing this case. Routine use of the bitewing film on long cuspids is not recommended. It is suggested only in extreme cases of unusual anatomic features that lend themselves specifically to this technique. It should be kept in mind that such circumstances are uncommon.
Role of RNA Secondary Structure and Processing in Stability of the nifH1 Transcript in the Cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis

ABSTRACT In the cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413, aerobic nitrogen fixation occurs in micro-oxic cells called heterocysts. Synthesis of nitrogenase in heterocysts requires expression of the large nif1 gene cluster, which is primarily under the control of the promoter for the first gene, nifB1. Strong expression of nifH1 requires the nifB1 promoter but is also controlled by RNA processing, which leads to increased nifH1 transcript stability. The processing of the primary nifH1 transcript occurs at the base of a predicted stem-loop structure that is conserved in many heterocystous cyanobacteria. Mutations that changed the predicted secondary structure or changed the sequence of the stem-loop had detrimental effects on the amount of nifH1 transcript, with mutations that altered or destabilized the structure having the strongest effect. Just upstream from the transcriptional processing site for nifH1 was the promoter for a small antisense RNA, sava4870.1. This RNA was more strongly expressed in cells grown in the presence of fixed nitrogen and was downregulated in cells 24 h after nitrogen step down. A mutant strain lacking the promoter for sava4870.1 showed delayed nitrogen fixation; however, that phenotype might have resulted from an effect of the mutation on the processing of the nifH1 transcript. The nifH1 transcript was the most abundant and most stable nif1 transcript, while nifD1 and nifK1, just downstream of nifH1, were present in much smaller amounts and were less stable. The nifD1 and nifK1 transcripts were also processed at sites just upstream of nifD1 and nifK1. IMPORTANCE In the filamentous cyanobacterium Anabaena variabilis, the nif1 cluster, encoding the primary Mo nitrogenase, functions under aerobic growth conditions in specialized cells called heterocysts that develop in response to starvation for fixed nitrogen. The large cluster comprising more than a dozen nif1 genes is transcribed primarily from the promoter for the first gene, nifB1; however, this does not explain the large amount of transcript for the structural genes nifH1, nifD1, and nifK1, which are also under the control of the distant nifB1 promoter. Here, we demonstrate the importance of a predicted stem-loop structure upstream of nifH1 that controls the abundance of nifH1 transcript through transcript processing and stabilization and show that nifD1 and nifK1 transcripts are also controlled by transcript processing.