cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transport Limitation of Oxygen in Multicell Spheroids as Determined by Mathematical Modeling

ABSTRACT A mathematical model has been developed to investigate the transport limitation of oxygen in tumor spheroids. The effects of zero order and Michaelis Menten kinetics for spheroids with and without necrotic cores have been studied. Results indicate elevated concentration profiles for cases employing Michaelis Menten kinetics compared to zero order, especially for those cases where oxygen supply is limited. Also elevated profiles were found as the necrotic core increases in size, indicating that oxygen supply is not limited and would not be responsible for the continued growth of the necrotic core.
The Behavioral Level of Emotional Intelligence and Its Measurement.

Emotional Intelligence (EI) is now widely used in organizations and graduate schools with an increase in published research supporting it. Discussion about EI whether based on measures or theory has given little distinction as to behavioral EI (i.e., how does EI appear in a person’s actions). This results in spurious conflicts about the validity of the different theories or measures which likely limit predicting managerial and leadership effectiveness, engagement, innovation and organizational citizenship. By adding a behavioral level, the concept of EI could relate to work and life outcomes beyond general mental ability and personality traits, avoid some of the criticisms while providing a more holistic theory of EI. As such, EI exists within personality as a performance trait or ability, and a self-schema self-image and trait, and a set of behaviors (i.e., competencies). The main contribution of this establishing the behavioral EI with a multi-level theory, while explaining how to assess it, the benefits of such a concept and its psychometric validity and challenges. The history and assortment of validation studies will illustrate that measures can rigorously and effectively assess the behavioral level of EI.
Machine Learning and Human Factors: Status, Applications, and Future Directions:

As machine learning approaches ubiquity in industrial systems and consumer products, human factors research must attend to machine learning, specifically on how intelligent systems built on machine...
Event-Driven: Adding a GUI for the Game Anagram In-Text

The Java software components and the event driven technique support a GUI for games. The GUI is not only showing the output of a game but also plays an input role. This chapter illustrates these features of a GUI by developing a game Anagram from a pure in-text version to a GUI version. The input portion of the GUI equips the game with software components for allowing the player to input data and actions in order to trigger events for updating the state of the game. The output portion of the GUI provides a board for repainting the updated scenes dynamically. Switching a same game from a text version to a GUI version intuitively explores the features of the event-driven technique clearer and deeper.
Defensible standardized ploidy assessments for Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Cyprinidae) intercepted from the commercial supply chain

Abstract Although methods are in place through the U.S. Fish and Wildlife (USFWS) program for ploidy testing of feral caught Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus), no guidelines exist for carp hauled across state lines. Using 1200 Grass Carp purchased by undercover Ohio law enforcement during 2015–2016, we developed a standardized protocol for discriminating ploidy by using two parameters, nuclear size and DNA content. Bead standards at 2 μm or 4 μm were used to establish nuclear size from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), known diploid (n = 20) and triploid (n = 20) Grass Carp blood, and cells derived from eyeballs of purchased field carp. The control for establishing DNA content was cryopreserved or fresh tilapia blood (2.40 pg). Time postmortem indicated nuclear size was similar over 4 days, but DNA quality from triploids was best at 24 h. Occasionally, only size or DNA content was measurable. Tilapia mean nuclear size (n = 501 samples) was 4.61 μm (SE 0.05) (R2 = 0.94). Known diploid and triploid blood nuclear sizes, compared with tilapia size, were 3.62 μm (SE 0.13) (R2 = 0.96) and 7.58 μm (SE 0.27) (R2 = 0.96), respectively. Mean field carp eye nuclear size was 5.83 μm (SE 0.13). Mean DNA content of cells from field carp eyes (n = 698 fish) was 3.51 pg (SE 0.06). No diploid Grass Carp were detected in the USFWS certified triploid Grass Carp transports. This standard protocol reliably discriminates ploidy and can be used for enforcement of regulations that differ among state jurisdictions.
Training LIS Students as Mobile Technology Consultants for Libraries and Not-for-profit Organizations

Mobile devices are a ubiquitous accessory in daily life for millions of people. These devices can be used to effectively meet a user’s information needs. Librarians can assist users with the skills...
Differentiating social preference and social anxiety phenotypes in fragile X syndrome using an eye gaze analysis: a pilot study

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the leading inherited cause of autism spectrum disorder, but there remains debate regarding the clinical presentation of social deficits in FXS. The aim of this study was to compare individuals with FXS to typically developing controls (TDC) and individuals with idiopathic autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across two social eye tracking paradigms. Individuals with FXS and age- and gender-matched TDC and individuals with idiopathic ASD completed emotional face and social preference eye tracking tasks to evaluate gaze aversion and social interest, respectively. Participants completed a battery of cognitive testing and caregiver-reported measures for neurobehavioral characterization. Individuals with FXS exhibited reduced eye and increased mouth gaze to emotional faces compared to TDC. Gaze aversive findings were found to correlate with measures of anxiety, social communication deficits, and behavioral problems. In the social interest task, while individuals with idiopathic ASD showed significantly less social preference, individuals with FXS displayed social preference similar to TDC. These findings suggest fragile X syndrome social deficits center on social anxiety without the prominent reduction in social interest associated with autism spectrum disorder. Specifically designed eye tracking techniques clarify the nature of social deficits in fragile X syndrome and may have applications to improve phenotyping and evaluate interventions targeting social functioning impairments.
A Review on Negative Capacitance Based Transistors

Continuous scaling of transistor dimensions to satisfy the increasing demands for higher performance and energy efficiency over the last 50 years is leading the conventional field effect transistors (FETs) to their fundamental material and physical limits. Further improvement of transistor operation and reliability will require new technology and device structure like negative capacitance based transistor. Besides, the roadmap for silicon device technology is approaching the point, where radical material alternatives must be introduced. Negative capacitance based conventional transistor that is often viewed as an adverse effect of short channel lengths in the conventional metal oxide field effect transistors (MOSFETs) has emerged as a promising current injection mechanism to allow the reduction of operating voltage beyond the capabilities of the MOSFET technology. In this paper includes a review summarizing the progresses in the development of the negative capacitance technology, and the experimentally observed performances of different transistors.
House calls: taking the practice to the patient.

Visiting patients where they live is not only good medicine and good marketing. It's also good for the soul.
Chapter 9 – HYBRID FUNCTIONS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview on hybrid functions. The functions that are centered on a central atom, and have a large overlap with neighboring atoms are called hybrid functions. The hybrid functions do not transform as an irreducible representation for the point symmetry of the particular central atom involved, rather, they transform as a reducible representation of the group. They do not have the proper symmetry of an eigenfunction of the atom. They are most useful for ground state energies and charge distributions. The energy difference between the atomic orbitals used to make the hybrid function is small compared to the exchange energy obtained upon the formation of the bonds of the molecule. The large qualitative advantage of the hybrid functions and the overlap formed from them is that they emphasize the chemical bond. The hybrid functions lead to the localized electron-pair bond.
Multiphase CFD modeling and laboratory testing of a Vortecone for mining and industrial dust scrubbing applications

Abstract Dust exposure-related occupation diseases are irreversible and have led to debilitating outcomes in personnel. Particles like coal dust generated in mines and accumulated above a critical concentration are explosive. Fibrous type multi-layered filters are the primary dust particle capturing element in flooded-bed dust scrubbers. However, these filters get clogged due to prolonged dust accumulation. This paper investigates the interaction of dust, water, and airflow in CFD in a non-clogging Vortecone filter. The Vortecone accelerates the particle-laden fluid, forces it into rapid swirling fluid motion, and pushes particles to separate and capture them. Filter capture performance in several air and water quantities regimes with aerosol particles exceeding 2.0 μm from a coal-dust laden airstream is described here. Detailed computational fluid dynamics models mimicking steady-state flow regime and transient-state air-water interface motion are presented. Particle tracking and their capture on water film using volume of fraction approach to determine the cleaning efficiency for different particle sizes is presented. Experimental cleaning efficiency results obtained from iso-kinetic sampling and optical particle counting agree with the computer models. Laboratory tests run on the Vortecone showed coal-dust cleaning efficiency exceeding 75% for particles 2.8 μm in size and 90% for 4.7 μm for all airflows.
Thalamic Mechanisms in Vision

The thalamus has long had bad press, seen as a simple, machine-like relay of information to the cortex. Work on the visual thalamic relays, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), and the pulvinar, has dramatically changed this view, primarily in two different ways. First, ∼95% of input to geniculate relay cells is nonretinal and modulates the relay in dynamic and important ways related to behavioral state, including attention. Much of this is related to control of a voltage-gated, low-threshold Ca2+ conductance based on T-type Ca2+ channels. This conductance determines whether relay cells respond in tonic or burst mode, two very different response modes that affect the very nature of information relayed. Second, the LGN and pulvinar (a massive but generally mysterious and ignored thalamic relay) are examples of two different types of relay: the LGN is a first-order relay, transmitting information from a subcortical source (retina), while the pulvinar is mostly a higher-order relay, transmitting information from layer 5 of one cortical area to another area. Higher-order relays seem especially important to general corticocortical communication, and this view challenges the conventional dogma that such communication is based on direct corticocortical connections. In this sense, any new information reaching a cortical area, whether from a subcortical source or another cortical area, benefits from a thalamic relay. Other examples of first- and higher-order relays also exist. Thus, the thalamus not only provides a behaviorally relevant dynamic control over the nature of information relayed, but it also plays a key role in basic corticocortical communication.
Non-Contact Quantification of Longitudinal and Circumferential Defects in Pipes using the Surface Response to Excitation (SuRE) Method

Rapid screening and monitoring of hollow cylindrical structures using active guided-waves based structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques are important in chemical, petro-chemical, oil and gas industries. Successful implementation of the majority of these techniques in the SHM of pipes depends on the identification of the appropriate guided-waves modes and their frequencies for each application. The highly dispersive nature of the guided-waves and presence of multi modes at each frequency makes the mode selection and the interpretation of signals a challenging task. The surface response to excitation (SuRE) method was developed to detect the defects and loading condition changes on plates with minimum dependence on the excitation of particular modes at certain frequencies. In the present study, the SuRE method is proposed for quantification of longitudinal and circumferential defects, with varying severities, as common examples of axisymmetric and nonaxisymmetric defects in pipes. The results indicate that the SuRE method can be used effectively for damage quantification in hollow cylinders.
Deep Brain Stimulation for Pediatric Dystonia

Dystonia is one of the most common pediatric movement disorders and can have a profound impact on the lives of children and their caregivers. Response to pharmacologic treatment is often unsatisfactory. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising treatment option for children with medically refractory dystonia. In this review we highlight the relevant literature related to DBS for pediatric dystonia, with emphasis on the background, indications, prognostic factors, challenges, and future directions of pediatric DBS.
Blocking plasmon-molecule charge transfer using surface ligands

We will present the manifestations of plasmon-molecule energy and electron transfer processes as observed surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). We observe that in presence of intermediary surface ligands, the electron transfer channel is turned off. On the other hand, the presence of surface ligands facilitates plasmon to molecule energy transfer (plasmon pumped adsorbate intramolecular electronic excitation) by orienting the analyte molecules along the surface field vector as well as by prolonging the excited state lifetime. The adsorbate excitation appears to be followed by singlet to triplet intersystem crossing that leads to singlet oxygen generation that initiates N-demethylation reaction as demonstrated using the reactivity of methylene.
Dengue Outbreak in Martin County Florida in

Following a outbreak of dengue serotype in Martin County Florida plasma samples from individuals with suspected dengue illness were tested for serotype specific neutralization of dengue viruses Titers and seroprevalence in these suspected cases from Florida were compared to those from healthy donors from the U S and dengue suspected and dengue confirmed samples collected from dengue endemic regions during outbreaks in Puerto Rico in and Brazil in By dengue plaque reduction neutralization titer assays we confirmed that four of the nine suspected individuals from Martin County Florida had been exposed to dengue virus serotype and that these were primary dengue viral infections Furthermore primary and secondary dengue viral infections were observed in the Brazilian cohort and a high incidence of secondary infections was observed in the Puerto Rican samples Routine serotype specific surveillance may be needed to continue monitoring establishment of dengue serotype and introduction of other serotypes in Florida
Drought stress responses in non-transgenic and transgenic alfalfa—Current status and future research directions

Abstract Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important perennial forage crop with great economic value, owing to its high biomass yield and quality forage, wide adaptability to different environments, and nitrogen fixation capacity. Drought stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting alfalfa growth and productivity worldwide. With the expected increase in intensity and frequency of drought events, it is important to understand alfalfa's responses and identify efficient approaches for alleviating drought stress-induced damage to yield and quality. In an effort to improve drought tolerance, significant progress has been achieved in developing drought-tolerant alfalfa lines through transgenic approaches, and are promoted as promising alternatives to non-transgenic varieties. Till now, however, there has been no systematic review comparing the responses of transgenic and non-transgenic alfalfa varieties to drought stress. Therefore, the main objective of this review is to summarize the anatomical, morphological, and physiological responses of transgenic alfalfa compared to non-transgenic plants under various drought stress conditions. Transgenic approaches induced higher survival and recovery rates, biomass yield and forage quality under inadequate water supply. Compared to non-transgenic plants, transgenic alfalfa had higher water and nutrient uptake, photosynthetic rates, and enhanced accumulation of compatible solutes, contributing to a significant reduction in water consumption and increased water conservation. Furthermore, we propose improvements in alfalfa forage yield and quality through appropriate drought stress management options. In conclusion, this review highlights future research directions for a better understanding of adaptive mechanisms and improved breeding strategies to enhance alfalfa production and quality under drought-prone environments.
The Complex Employment Experiences of Polish Migrants in the UK Labour Market

Ten years after the most significant enlargement of the European Union (EU), academics and policymakers are still trying to understand the complexities and the experiences of the largest migrant group, the Poles. The main destination for the Polish migrants in the post-2004 period was the United Kingdom (UK). Significant attention has been paid to the economic and political implications of introducing a young, economically motivated migrant group to the UK, particularly during the recession. In regards to their work experience, the majority of the existing literature focuses on Polish migrants who take low-skilled positions when initially entering the UK and, as a result, contribute to the migrant paradox with high-skilled migrants taking low-skilled positions. This article will contribute to the other literature, which focuses on the Polish migrants’ ascent up the division of labour in the non-ethnic economy of the destination country. Using data gathered through semi-structured interviews with post-enla...
Radiotherapy for Tumors of the Spine

Primary tumors of the spinal cord are very uncommon neoplasms representing from 4% to 15% of all CNS tumors (Chun et al. 1990; Farwell et al. 1977; McCormick and Stein 1996). Ependymomas and astrocytomas account for nearly 90% of all spinal cord tumors, most of the remainder being meningiomas and schwannomas (Linstadt et al. 1989; Whitaker et al. 1991). Owing to the relative rarity of these tumors, their behavior and management are infrequently reported in the literature. Metastatic lesions to the spine are much more common than the primary neoplasms. It has been estimated that in the United States approximately 18,000 new patients with symptomatic spinal metastasis are diagnosed each year and about 10% of patients with solid tumors develop spinal metastasis during the course of their disease (Slatkin and Posner 1983; Black 1979; Barron et al. 1959; Young et al. 1980). Nearly all patients presenting with spinal metastasis have epidural space disease; intramedullary spinal cord metastases are very rare, with about 100 patients being reported in the literature (Edelson et al. 1972; Posner 1977).
Trust and Automation in Verification Tools

On the one hand, we would like verification tools to feature powerful automation, but on the other hand, we also want to be able to trust the results with a high degree of confidence. The question of trust in verification tools has been debated for a long time. One popular way of achieving trust in verification tools is through proof generation. However, proof generation could hamstring both the functionality and the efficiency of the automation that can be built into these tools. We argue that trust need not be achieved at the expense of automation, and outline a lightweight approach where the results of untrusted verifiers are checked by a trusted offline checker. The trusted checker is a verified reference kernel that contains a satisfiability solver to support the robust and efficient checking of untrusted tools.
The Chinese herbs Scutellaria baicalensis and Fritillaria cirrhosa target NFκB to inhibit proliferation of ovarian and endometrial cancer cells

The herbs Scutellaria baicalensis (SB) and Fritillaria cirrhosa (FC) are widely used in Chinese medicine to treat several aliments and as an adjuvant to chemotherapy of lung cancer. No information is available regarding the two herbs' influence on ovarian and endometrial cancer. To fill this data gap we compared cell growth responses to SB and FC in ovarian and endometrial cancer cell lines. Dose-dependent cell growth inhibition was observed following higher doses in all cell lines while lower doses stimulated growth in only endometrial cell lines. Higher doses of SB and FC significantly decreased cell growth on soft agar and decreased the invasive potential of cancer cells. Treatment of cells with both herbs resulted in activation of caspase-3, G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest, downregulation of cyclins D1 and D3 and induction of p27. Both herbs decreased NFκB DNA binding, reduced expression of phosphorylated IκBα, abrogated NFκB activation, and downregulated NFκB-regulated metastasis-promoting proteins in cancer cells. Furthermore, knockdown of NFκB attenuated SB- and FC-induced cell growth inhibition. These results suggest that inhibition of NFκB activation may be an important mechanism for growth suppression by SB and FC. Data indicate that these herbs may represent a new source of agents for NFκB inhibition in cancer therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Concatenated Convolutional Codes and Iterative Decoding

Turbo codes, first presented to the coding community in 1993, represent one of the most important breakthroughs in coding since Ungerboeck introduced trellis codes in 1982. This chapter presents a tutorial exposition of parallel and serial concatenated convolutional codes (PCCCs and SCCCs). Included here are a simple derivation for the performance of these codes and a straightforward presentation of their iterative decoding algorithms. A detailed description of soft-input/soft-output (SISO) decoding based on the BCJR algoithm is given, both in the probability domain and in the log domain. The iterative (turbo) decoding algorithm which employs SISO decoders as component decoders is also described in detail for PCCCs and SCCCs. The treatment is intended to be a launching point for further study in the field and to provide sufficient information for the design of computer simulations. Keywords: turbo code; turbo decoder; iterative decoder; parallel concatenated convolutional code; serial concatenated convolutional code; BCJR algorithm; SISO decoder; error-rate floor; interleaver gain; recursive systematic convolutional code
The Doppler Effect and Archaeology: A Consideration of the Spatial Aspects of Seriation

IN THEIR WELL REASONED and lucid description of seriation methods employed in the lower Mississippi Valley, Phillips, Ford and Griffin (1951:219–223) state the basic assumptions which form the foundation for their analytical procedure. These assumptions can be briefly summarized as follows: 1. Population was stable in the survey area. 2. The majority of sites were of short duration of occupation. 3. Cultural change in the area in question was gradual, and migration had not occurred. 4. Pottery types used in seriation would show a single peak popularity curve when measured through time. 5. Pottery type frequency curves would differ somewhat in each part of the area at any point in time.
Simulation assessment of incident detection by cellular phone call-in programs

This research study was designed to assess by simulation the efficacy of incident detection by cellular phone call-in programs. The assessment was conducted by varying the proportion of drivers with cellular phones on the highway so as to mirror the cellular industry statistics that show a continued growth of ownership of cellular phones in the United States. An analytical model, which combined simulation and the limited field data available in the literature, was used to determine measures of effectiveness of the cellular phone-based detection system. The results showed that a cellular phone detection system offers fast incident detection times and higher detection rates for both shoulder and lane blocking incidents. For example, in moderate traffic flow (i.e. 1,550 vehicles per hour per lane), 90 percent of incidents blocking two lanes were detected in 1.5 minutes when the proportion of drivers with cellular phones was one out of 10 drivers, even with only 20 percent of them willing to report incidents. When the current proportion of cellular ownership, i.e. 1 out of 3, was used in the simulation, the detection time improved to 0.8 minutes. The simulation analysis of incident detection by cellular phones also showed that there is a direct relationship between the probability of detection and the detection time; that is, the specification of a higher detection rate resulted in slower detection times. This is in sharp contrast with the results of field study of automatic incident detection (AID) systems which demonstrated an inverse relationship between probability of detection and detection time.
SOME SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OF A PROGESTATIONAL AGENT (ETHYNODIOL DIACETATE AND MESTRANOL).

Abstract Patients on a progestational agent, Metrulen, for 8 to 36 months for contraceptive measures, were investigated. These patients showed no major alteration in blood and urine analysis. The following parameters were taken under considerations: (I) clinical chemistry evaluation; (2) urinary steroid alterations; (3) pituitary hormone levels; and (4) histochemical changes in the endometrium.
Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes in Five Race and Ethnic Populations: the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study

The incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus is rising in American children. The early onset of obesity and diabetes in children and adolescents, which particularly affect minorities, places them at high risk for cardiovascular disease and adverse outcomes in the future. With the exception of studies in Pima Indians, few detailed studies of the frequency, laboratory, and clinical features of diabetes in minority children have been performed.
Survivorship of juvenile barnacles and mussels: spatial dependence and the origin of alternative communities

Abstract Mussels, barnacles, and rockweeds often form a distinct mosaic of patches on rocky intertidal shores, and it has been suggested that these communities may represent alternative community states. One way that alternative community states can arise is if early successional events are scale-dependent, but it is not known if juvenile survivorships of mussels and barnacles are, in fact, scale-dependent. Scale-dependence of barnacles (Semibalanus balanoides (L.)) and mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) was tested in the Gulf of Maine, USA. In winter 1997, clearings of 1, 2, 4 and 8 m in diameter and uncleared controls were made in stands of the rockweed Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jolis at 12 sites spread evenly across four bays on Swan's Island, ME. Summer and fall–winter survivorship of barnacles, which recruited in spring 1997, were estimated by tracking the 1997 cohort until late winter 1998. Survivorship of mussels was estimated from following the fate of transplanted juveniles over 4 days in late August 1997. Both barnacles and mussels showed better survival in 4 and 8 m clearings than in small clearings and controls. There was also significant variation in survivorship among sites. Densities of gastropods in the clearings did not reflect survivorship patterns of barnacles and mussels. Barnacle survivorship increased in fall and winter, and in large clearings was comparable to survivorship in barnacle-dominated habitats. Mussel survivorship was low in all clearing sizes suggesting that mussel beds develop slowly.
More than a decade of estrogen neuroprotection

Abstract Considerable evidence has emerged through more than a decade of research supporting the neuroprotective and cognition-preserving effects of estrogens. Such basic research coupled with various epidemiological studies led quickly to the assessment of Premarin for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease (AD), initiated by the Alzheimer's Disease Cooperative Study Group and headed by Dr. Leon Thal. While this and subsequent trials with Premarin (Wyeth Research, Monmouth Junction, New Jersey) and PremPro (Wyeth Research), a conjugated equine estrogen preparation plus medoxyprogresterone acetate, have not supported the use of estrogens in treating advanced AD, considerable inferences have been made from these placebo controlled trials of estrogens. Here, we aimed to put these AD trials of estrogens in perspective by considering the potential mechanisms of these potent neuroprotective estrogens, the role of estrogens in other neurodegenerative conditions, such as cerebral ischemia, and based on our current understanding of estrogen neurobiology, offer insight into the design of future clinical trails of estrogens for neuronal protection.
Global deletion of Ankrd1 results in a wound-healing phenotype associated with dermal fibroblast dysfunction.

The expression of ankyrin repeat domain protein 1 (Ankrd1), a transcriptional cofactor and sarcomeric component, is strongly elevated by wounding and tissue injury. We developed a conditional Ankrd1fl/fl mouse, performed global deletion with Sox2-cre, and assessed the role of this protein in cutaneous wound healing. Although global deletion of Ankrd1 did not affect mouse viability or development, Ankrd1−/− mice had at least two significant wound-healing phenotypes: extensive necrosis of ischemic skin flaps, which was reversed by adenoviral expression of ANKRD1, and delayed excisional wound closure, which was characterized by decreased contraction and reduced granulation tissue thickness. Skin fibroblasts isolated from Ankrd1−/− mice did not spread or migrate on collagen- or fibronectin-coated surfaces as efficiently as fibroblasts isolated from Ankrd1fl/fl mice. More important, Ankrd1−/− fibroblasts failed to contract three-dimensional floating collagen gels. Reconstitution of ANKRD1 by adenoviral infection stimulated both collagen gel contraction and actin fiber organization. These in vitro data were consistent with in vivo wound closure studies, and suggest that ANKRD1 is important for the proper interaction of fibroblasts with a compliant collagenous matrix both in vitro and in vivo.
Guest disorder and high pressure behavior of argon hydrates

The structure of argon hydrate was studied at ambient pressure and low temperature, and between 1.7 and 4.2 GPa at 295 K. This analysis produced a single Ar guest atom, positionally disordered off-center in the large cages of sII. Above 1.7 GPa Ar clathrate transformed to a mixture of a body-centered orthorhombic filled-ice phase, which can be viewed as a polytype of ice-Ih, and high pressure forms of pure ice. The guest disorder is further substantiated by analysis of the guest to host ratio in this high pressure filled-ice structure. The bulk modulus of Ar filled-ice found to be 11.7 ± 0.4 GPa.
Linear algebra to compute syzygies and Gröbner bases

In this paper, we introduce a new method to avoid zero reductions in Grobner basis computation. We call this method LASyz, which stands for Lineal Algebra to compute Syzygies. LASyz uses exhaustively the information of both principal syzygies and non-trivial syzygies to avoid zero reductions. All computation is done using linear algebra techniques. LASyz is easy to understand and implement. The method does not require to compute Grobner bases of subsequences of generators incrementally and it imposes no restrictions on the reductions allowed. We provide a complete theoretical foundation for the LASyz method and we describe an algorithm to compute Grobner bases for zero dimensional ideals based on this foundation. A qualitative comparison with similar algorithms is provided and the performance of the algorithm is illustrated with experimental data.
AN ANISOTROPIC ELASTIC-PLASTIC CONSTITUTIVE MODEL FOR SINGLE AND POLYCRYSTALLINE METALS. II--EXPERIMENTS AND PREDICTIONS CONCERNING THIN-WALLED TUBULAR OFHC COPPER*

Predictions based on an anisotropic elastic-plastic constitutive model proposed in the first part of this paper are compared with the experimental stress and strain data on OHFC copper under first torsion to about 13% and partial unloading, and then tension-torsion to about 10% along eight different loading paths. This paper also describes the deformation and stress of the thin-walled tubular specimen under finite deformation, the numerical implementation of the model, and the detailed procedure for determining the material parameters in the model. Finally, the model is extended to a general representation of the multiple directors, and the elastic-viscoplastic extension of the constitutive model is considered.
Phosphorylated Smooth Muscle Heavy Meromyosin Shows an Open Conformation: Implications for the Structure of Myosin with One Head Phosphorylated

Smooth muscle myosin (smM) and heavy meromyosin (smHMM) are activated by regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation but the mechanism remains unclear. Dephosphorylated, inactive smHMM assumes a closed conformation with asymmetric intramolecular head-head interactions involving motor domains and the essential light chain (ELC) [Wendt et al., PNAS 98: 4361 (2001)]. The “free head” can bind to actin, but the actin-binding interface of the “blocked head” is involved in interactions with the free head. We report here a 3-D structure for phosphorylated, active smHMM obtained using electron crystallography of 2-D arrays, and an atomic model obtained by fitting using normal mode flexible fitting. Head-head interactions of phosphorylated smHMM resemble those found in the dephosphorylated state, but occur between separate molecules. The interface between heads of phosphorylated smHMM is less extensive and somewhat altered in orientation compared with that of dephosphorylated smHMM. The light chain binding domain of phosphorylated and several dephosphorylated myosin structures show systematic differences. However, the major difference appears to be the relationship between the motor domain and the ELC in a phosphorylated head compared to that of the “blocked head” of dephosphorylated smHMM. We hypothesize that RLC phosphorylation disrupts the inhibited conformation primarily by its effect on the “blocked head” rather than the “free head”. Singly phosphorylated smHMM is not compatible with the closed conformation if the “blocked head” is phosphorylated. The implications of this observation for myosin activation at low levels of phosphorylation in smooth muscle will be discussed. Supported by grants from the NIAMS, NHLBI and NSF-MCB.
Equational Logic of Partial Functions Under Kleene Equality: A Complete and an Incomplete Set of Rules

When equational logic for partial functions is interpreted using Kleene equality as the predicate, the relation of logical consequence may be said to express what identities of partial functions follow from a given set of identities. In the analogous situation for total functions, there is a complete set of inference rules consisting of reflexivity, symmetry, transitivity, replacement, and substitution; in the case of partial functions, unrestricted substitution fails to be a valid inference rule, and there remains the question of how to obtain a complete set of rules. The first part of the present paper shows that completeness cannot be obtained by a mere restriction of the substitution rule, for a counterexample shows that even a rule allowing substitution in all consequentially valid instances fails, in conjunction with the other four rules, to yield a complete set of rules. The second part of the paper defines a combined rule of transitivity-substitution which, in conjunction with reflexivity, symmetry, replacement, and substitution only of variables, yields a complete set of rules. The new rule is first stated in a form that allows an unbounded number of premises, and then is altered to a three-premise form. In both forms, the rule suffers from the shortcoming that in its formulation an auxiliary notion of conditional existence is involved, which is given by a recursive syntactic definition. As a result, the set of instantiations of the rule is recursively enumerable, but not (apparently) recursive (assuming a recursive set of premises).
The Predicted Candidates of Arabidopsis Plastid Inner Envelope Membrane Proteins and Their Expression Profiles

Plastid envelope proteins from the Arabidopsis nuclear genome were predicted using computational methods. Selection criteria were: first, to find proteins with NH(2)-terminal plastid-targeting peptides from all annotated open reading frames from Arabidopsis; second, to search for proteins with membrane-spanning domains among the predicted plastidial-targeted proteins; and third, to subtract known thylakoid membrane proteins. Five hundred forty-one proteins were selected as potential candidates of the Arabidopsis plastid inner envelope membrane proteins (AtPEM candidates). Only 34% (183) of the AtPEM candidates could be assigned to putative functions based on sequence similarity to proteins of known function (compared with the 69% function assignment of the total predicted proteins in the genome). Of the 183 candidates with assigned functions, 40% were classified in the category of "transport facilitation," indicating that this collection is highly enriched in membrane transporters. Information on the predicted proteins, tissue expression data from expressed sequence tags and microarrays, and publicly available T-DNA insertion lines were collected. The data set complements proteomic-based efforts in the increased detection of integral membrane proteins, low-abundance proteins, or those not expressed in tissues selected for proteomic analysis. Digital northern analysis of expressed sequence tags suggested that the transcript levels of most AtPEM candidates were relatively constant among different tissues in contrast to stroma and the thylakoid proteins. However, both digital northern and microarray analyses identified a number of AtPEM candidates with tissue-specific expression patterns.
Stasis Theory as a Strategy for Workplace Teaming and Decision Making

Current scholarship tells us that skills in teaming are essential for students and practitioners of professional communication. Writers must be able to cooperate with subject-matter experts and team members to make effective decisions and complete projects. Scholarship also suggests that rapid changes in technology and changes in teaming processes challenge workplace communication and cooperation. Professional writers must be able to use complex software for projects that are often completed by multidisciplinary teams working remotely. Moreover, as technical writers shift from content developers to project managers, our responsibilities now include user-advocacy and supervision, further invigorating the need for successful communication. This article offers a different vision of an ancient heuristic—stasis theory—as a solution for the teaming challenges facing today's professional writers. Stasis theory, used as a generative heuristic rather than an eristic weapon, can help foster teaming and effective de...
Internal acid buffering in San Joaquin Valley fog drops and its influence on aerosol processing

Abstract Although several chemical pathways exist for S(IV) oxidation in fogs and clouds, many are self-limiting: as sulfuric acid is produced and the drop pH declines, the rates of these pathways also decline. Some of the acid that is produced can be buffered by uptake of gaseous ammonia. Additional internal buffering can result from protonation of weak and strong bases present in solution. Acid titrations of high pH fog samples (median pH=6.49) collected in California's San Joaquin Valley reveal the presence of considerable internal acid buffering. In samples collected at a rural location, the observed internal buffering could be nearly accounted for based on concentrations of ammonia and bicarbonate present in solution. In samples collected in the cities of Fresno and Bakersfield, however, significant additional, unexplained buffering was present over a pH range extending from approximately four to seven. The additional buffering was found to be associated with dissolved compounds in the fogwater. It could not be accounted for by measured concentrations of low molecular weight (C1–C3) carboxylic acids, S(IV), phosphate, or nitrophenols. The amount of unexplained buffering in individual fog samples was found to correlate strongly with the sum of sample acetate and formate concentrations, suggesting that unmeasured organic species may be important contributors. Simulation of a Bakersfield fog episode with and without the additional, unexplained buffering revealed a significant impact on the fog chemistry. When the additional buffering was included, the simulated fog pH remained 0.3–0.7 pH units higher and the amount of sulfate present after the fog evaporated was increased by 50%. Including the additional buffering in the model simulation did not affect fogwater nitrate concentrations and was found to slightly decrease ammonium concentrations. The magnitude of the buffering effect on aqueous sulfate production is sensitive to the amount of ozone present to oxidize S(IV) in these high pH fogs.
Respect and Membership in the Moral Community

Some philosophers object that Kant's respect cannot express mutual recognition because it is an attitude owed to persons in virtue of an abstract notion of autonomy and invite us to integrate the vocabulary of respect with other persons-concepts or to replace it with a social conception of recognition. This paper argues for a dialogical interpretation of respect as the key-mode of recognition of membership in the moral community. This interpretation highlights the relational and practical nature of respect, and accounts for its governing role over other persons-regarding concepts.
Unique continuation for solutions to pde's; between hörmander's theorem and holmgren' theorem

We prove a new unique continuation result for solutions to partial differential equations, “interpolating” between Holmgren's Theorem and Hormander's Theorem. More precisely, under some partial analyticity assumptions on the coefficients we obtain an intermediate unique continuation result which is in general weaker than Holmgren's Theorem (which applies to problems with analytic coefficients) but stronger than Hormander's Theorem (which applies to problems with C1 coefficients). Some applications to the wave and the Schroedinger equation are considered next. In particular we obtain a result conjectured by Hormander, namely that for the wave equation with C1 but time independent coefficients one has unique continutaion across any noncharacteristic surface.
Molecular markers linked to the blast resistance gene Pi-z in rice for use in marker-assisted selection

Rice blast, caused by the fungal pathogen Pyricularia grisea, is a serious disease affecting rice-growing regions around the world. Current methods for identification of blast-resistant germplasm and progeny typically utilize phenotypic screening. However, phenotypic screens are influenced by environmental conditions and the presence of one resistance gene can sometimes phenotypically mask other genes conferring resistance to the same blast race. Pi-z is a dominant gene located on the short arm of chromosome 6 that confers complete resistance to five races of blast. Using sequence data found in public databases and degenerate primer pairs based on the P-loop, nucleotide binding sites and kinase domain motifs of previously cloned resistance genes, we have developed PCR-based DNA markers that cosegregate with the gene. These markers are polymorphic in a wide range of germplasm, including the narrow crosses characteristic of applied rice-breeding programs. They can now be used as a low cost, high-throughput alternative to conventional phenotypic screening for direct detection of blast resistance genes, allowing rapid introgression of genes into susceptible varieties as well as the incorporation of multiple genes into individual lines for more-durable blast resistance.
Judaism and Health: Reflections on an Emerging Scholarly Field

This paper surveys the field of Judaism and health. The authors trace the history of discourse on health and healing within Judaism, from the biblical and rabbinic eras to contemporary research and writing on Jewish bioethics, pastoral care, communal services, and aging, including congregational and community programming related to health and illness and the emergence of the Jewish healing movement. The work of the Kalsman Institute on Judaism and Health is described, focusing on efforts to unite these various threads into a scholarly field emphasizing basic and applied research on the instrumental functions of Jewish religious life for health and well-being.
Cycloheximide Sensitivity as a Taxonomic Character in Ceratocystis

SUMMARYThe effect of 100 ppm cycloheximide on the linear growth of 53 species of Ceratocystis sensu amplo and related fungi was determined on malt extract agar at 25 C. Generally, only those specie...
Enzymatic surface erosion of high tensile strength polycarbonates based on natural phenols.

Surface erosion has been recognized as a valuable design tool for resorbable biomaterials within the context of drug delivery devices, surface coatings, and when precise control of strength retention is critical. Here we report on high tensile strength, aromatic–aliphatic polycarbonates based on natural phenols, tyrosol (Ty) and homovanillyl alcohol (Hva), that exhibit enzymatic surface erosion by lipase. The Young’s moduli of the polymers for dry and fully hydrated samples are 1.0 to 1.2 GPa and 0.8 to 1.2 GPa, respectively. Typical characteristics of enzymatic surface erosion were confirmed for poly(tyrosol carbonate) films with concomitant mass-loss and thickness-loss at linear rates of 0.14 ± 0.01 mg cm–2 d–1 and 3.0 ± 0.8 μm d–1, respectively. The molecular weight and the mechanical properties of the residual films remained constant. Changing the ratio of Ty and Hva provided control over the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the enzymatic surface erosion: increasing the Hva content in the polymer...
Microstructure and texture evolution during solidification processing of Ti–6Al–4V

Abstract Metal-mold casting and direct laser fabrication of titanium have become topics of great interest to the aerospace industry in recent years due to the strong focus on reducing the acquisition cost of aircraft. However, little is known about the capabilities of these processes with respect to microscale characteristics such as grain morphology, grain size, microstructure, and texture/microtexture. Hence, an extensive research program was undertaken to establish the relationships between processing conditions and microstructural characteristics and to apply finite-element-method process-modeling techniques and phenomenological microstructure-evolution-modeling techniques for the prediction of microstructure during these processes. Selected results from this research are presented.