cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transportation vulnerability as a barrier to service utilization for HIV-positive individuals

Research suggests that transportation vulnerability can negatively impact adherence to HIV-related medical treatment. Moreover, transportation can be a barrier to accessing ancillary services which can increase positive health outcomes for HIV-positive individuals. This study examines transportation vulnerability and its impact on HIV-related health and ancillary service utilization in the Mid-South Region. Focus groups and interviews were conducted with service providers and HIV-positive individuals, and survey data were collected from HIV-positive individuals (N=309) using the five A's of access to frame transportation vulnerability: availability, accessibility, accommodation, affordability, and acceptability. Study results indicate that transportation vulnerability can present significant barriers to service utilization for HIV-positive individuals, including insufficient transportation infrastructure, incompatible fit between transportation and health systems, and insensitivity to privacy issues. One ...
A reproducible oral microcosm biofilm model for testing dental materials

Aims Most studies of biofilm effects on dental materials use single-species biofilms, or consortia. Microcosm biofilms grown directly from saliva or plaque are much more diverse, but difficult to characterize. We used the Human Oral Microbial Identification Microarray (HOMIM) to validate a reproducible oral microcosm model.
Elections in a Distributed Computing System

After a failure occurs in a distributed computing system, it is often necessary to reorganize the active nodes so that they can continue to perform a useful task. The first step in such a reorganization or reconfiguration is to elect a coordinator node to manage the operation. This paper discusses such elections and reorganizations. Two types of reasonable failure environments are studied. For each environment assertions which define the meaning of an election are presented. An election algorithm which satisfies the assertions is presented for each environment.
Impact evaluation of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE)

The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) on fifth-grade students in the Long Beach Unified School District in Long Beach, California. The research suggests that DARE does not significantly change the amount of drug use, which is minimal at the fifth grade level. In general, children receiving DARE during the study period maintained existing levels of drug abuse. Approximately 3,000 students participated in the study. A pretest and posttest self-report survey was utilized during the Fall 1989 semester for experimental and control groups. As DARE programs gain popularity in other school districts, school administrators need more information on the program to decide if DARE should be presented in their schools. Administrative decision-making must consider program effectiveness and curriculum time constraints.
Impairment of taste perception in anorexia nervosa and bulimia

Nine women diagnosed as having primary anorexia nervosa (ANs), five women diagnosed as having bulimia (Bs), and seven normal control women (NCs) were tested for perception of taste quality and intensity using the method of magnitude estimation. The four taste stimuli used were sucrose, hydrochloric acid (HCI), sodium chloride (NaCl), and quinine hydrochloride (QHCI). Four different log molar concentrations of each of these four taste stimuli were employed. No significant differences were found among the three groups in ability to identify taste quality. However, there were significant differences (p <.05) in magnitude estimates of the 3 higher concentrations of the HCI solution, the 2 higher concentrations of the sucrose and NaCl solutions, and the QHCl solution of the highest concentration. The magnitude estimates of the ANs and Bs were consistently lower than those of the NCs. The results indicate that poor gustatory sensitivity is significantly associated with the abnormal eating behavior characteristic of both anorexia nervosa and bulimia.
Europeanization of the World or Globalization of Europe

Building on his long career as a distinguished historian of early modern Europe, John Miles Headley has recently turned his gaze to the influence of Europe in the larger world. In The Europeanization of the World, Headley makes an insistent case for the uniqueness of European values—particularly human rights and democracy—and argues that these values are Europe’s most precious gifts to the larger world. Without seeking to diminish the remarkable intellectual and cultural achievements of European peoples, this presentation will suggest a more nuanced view of relations between Europe and the larger world. Human rights and democracy mean different things to different peoples in different contexts at different times, and there have in fact been numerous expressions of both in societies beyond Europe. Furthermore, European theorists of human rights and democracy drew influence from societies beyond Europe. To the extent that the Europeanization of the world is a persuasive idea, it is possible only because of a prior globalization of Europe.
Primary Care Physicians’ Attitudes Regarding Collaborating With Home-Based Depression Care Managers

Home-based case managers face many challenges to collaborating with primary care physicians, including for management of depression. To obtain physicians’ perspectives regarding optimal collaboration strategies, we conducted a mail survey of randomly selected primary care physicians (N = 74). The survey described a home-based depression care management program to be delivered by case managers and assessed physicians’ preferred collaboration strategies. Most respondents perceived the services described as useful, including having the case manager send a list of medications and send psychotropic medication recommendations per consulting psychiatrist. Most physicians reported being likely to read a written summary sent by the case manager, reply, and send it back to the case manager. Preferred communication procedures varied widely. By considering physicians’ preferences, case managers may enhance collaboration.
Thermal wake and separation point for the flow of a granular medium around a heated cylinder

Abstract A preliminary investigation has been performed of two features involved in the flow of a granular medium about a cylinder: the point of separation of the flow from the cylinder, and the behavior of the thermal wake. Information on these subjects is believed to be pertinent to the design of tube and shell heat exchanges for granular substances.
Realizing the Equity-Minded Aspirations of Detracking and Inclusion: Toward a Capacity-Oriented Framework for Teacher Education

AbstractInclusion and detracking policies seek to remedy the pervasive inequality of educational opportunities in U.S. schools by building classrooms that are integrated across the lines of race/ethnicity, class, and disability and that offer all students access to a rich and challenging curriculum. In practice, however, teachers often struggle with the implementation of these reforms. Drawing on ethnographic research in detracked and inclusion classrooms, this article analyzes the nature and sources of the tensions and dilemmas felt by teachers working in intentionally heterogeneous settings. It argues that the implementation of these policies is not often accompanied by a serious interrogation of the taken-for-granted understandings of ability, standards, and structural inequality that pervade educational discourse inside schools. This failure to challenge dominant discourse about these three issues is at the root of the tensions and dilemmas felt by teachers working in detracked and inclusion classroom...
Average ciliary beat in the oyster: Response to photoperiod, pentylenetetrazole, salyrgan, serotonin and dopamine

Lamellar conversions of cytosomes, DOPA decarboxylase and lateral ciliary activities were measured in central and peripheral neuronal tissues and/on ctenidia of the oyster, Crassostrea virginica (Gemelin). 5‰ S habitat and acclimation animals exhibited significantly (P < 0.0S) higher numbers of transformed cytosomes and lower decarboxylase activities. Exposure to light for long periods of time, and exogenous perfusion at pentylenetetrazole enhanced lamellar conversion. Periods of darkness reduced the incidence of lamellar morphogenesis. Salyrgan can both increase (in 5‰ S and 10‰ S groups) and decrease (in 15‰ through 30‰ S groups) membranous conversions. Electrical stimulation of the branchial nerve increased the average lateral ciliary beat and decarboxylase activities in the ctenidium. Serotonin (cilioex‐citatory) and dopamine (cilioinhibitory) are endogenous neurotransmitters. The magnitude of the lateral cilioexcitation‐cilioinhibition and decarboxylase activity is directed related to the incidence o...
COLOUR CENTRES IN OXIDESEffect of the V- ↔ V= transformation on positron annihilation lifetime spectra in MgO

Positron annihilation lifetime spectra have been measured in MgO : OD~ containing ~ 20 ppm of isolated cation vacancies produced by electron irradiation. For the V~ V= transformation, the intensities of the longer-lived lifetime components were enhanced slightly when the vacancies trapped holes and reduced when holes were released.
Factors Associated with Non-Attendance at a Hand Surgery Appointment:

Background Patients who miss scheduled appointments without notifying office staff––“no-shows”––disrupt practice workflow and decrease access for others, resulting in misuse of resources and lost revenue. The primary purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with no-shows in a hospital-based outpatient hand office. Secondarily, we studied factors associated with cancelations.
The Effectiveness of Administrative Reform in New Democracies

Practitioners and scholars of postcommunist politics disagree on the accomplishments of administrative reforms in new Eastern European democracies. The transformation of the public sector after 1989 has aimed to consolidate the democratic process and enhance economic development. Skeptics, however, argue that administrative reforms face serious challenges in the context of economic liberalization, insufficient capacity for modernization, and cultural legacies of the past. The authors judge reform effectiveness by testing the impact of civil service reform on government transparency and foreign direct investment. The results of the empirical analysis confirm that once reform is adopted, administrations become more effective at reducing corruption and attracting investment. Despite the delays and difficulties of implementation, the adoption of reform is important in and of itself, and countries can expect positive results sooner than skeptics predict.
ZnO/La2O2CO3 layered composite: A new heterogeneous catalyst for the efficient ultra-fast microwave biofuel production

Abstract The search for solid state materials with high catalytic activities and with no leaching into the reaction medium is one of the key steps toward reducing the cost of producing biodiesel. We report a high biodiesel yield (>95%) in less than 5 min under mild reaction conditions ( 2 O 2 CO 3 heterogeneous catalyst, showing no catalyst leaching into the reaction medium. The ZnO/La 2 O 2 CO 3 catalyst is prepared by a co-precipitation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analyses (TGA), transmission electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields as function of different amounts of catalyst was also investigated. Less than 1.0 wt.% catalyst can be used in the reaction to get higher than a 95% FAME yield under mild reaction conditions. The catalytic performance is maintained after storing the catalyst in Ar for a month and no catalyst leaching into the products was found based on XRF analysis. The catalyst has a higher reaction rate than the homogeneous KOH catalyst with the assistance of microwave irradiation. All of these results promote the industrial application of the synthesized ZnO/La 2 O 2 CO 3 as an ideal catalyst for fast biodiesel production, avoiding many of the issues found in both commercial and independently published catalysts.
ENZYME-CONTROLLED MOLECULAR RECOGNITION : SELECTIVE TARGETING OF TRYPSIN WITH A SUBSTRATE-INHIBITOR SUPRAMOLECULAR COMPLEX

We have synthesized and studied the host compound (1) that forms a noncovalent complex (K = 480 ± 30 M-1) with 1,4-diamidinobenzene (2) at pD 8.0 in D2O. Guest 2 has been shown to inhibit the proteases specific for cationic side chains (Ki values for thrombin, plasmin, and trypsin being 1.0 ± 0.4, 0.6 ± 0.1, and 0.88 ± 0.07 mM, respectively). Host 1 and the 1·2 complex are shown to undergo the trypsin-catalyzed cleavage that results in the increased concentration of the free form of 2 and, therefore, induces the enzyme inhibition. Plasmin and thrombin are shown to cleave 1 at a significantly lower rate than trypsin. Thus, the complex of 1 with 2 represents the first example of a selective enzyme-sensitive supramolecular system capable of enzyme targeting through a “trojan horse”-type mechanism in which a bioactive compound acts on the same molecule that provides its release from a delivery system.
Microscopic Deformation in Individual Grains in an Advanced High-Strength Steel

In situ synchrotron microbeam x-ray diffraction experiments were carried out to study the microscopic deformation within individual ferrite grains in a martensite/ferrite dual-phase steel (DP980) under incremental tensile loading. The differential aperture x-ray microscopy technique was used to resolve the strain variations as a function of depth up to 100 μm deep from the sample surface. The highly inhomogeneous distributions of the lattice strain, which is associated with the elastic deformation and stresses inside the grains, were determined by means of monochromatic energy diffraction, whereas insights to the plastic deformation were revealed by polychromatic energy diffraction.
STATCOM Control and Operation with Series Connected Transformer Based 48-pulse VSC

Static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is a static compensator used to regulate voltage by reactive power injection, and to improve dynamic stability of power system. In this paper, the STATCOM control and operation for a 48-pulse VSC topology implemented with series connected transformers is reported. Two different control modes - voltage control and VAR control - for the STATCOM are investigated for a single STATCOM and dual STATCOM connected to a transmission bus. The two +100 MVAR (STATCOM) based on a full model comprising 48-pulse Gate Turn-off (GTO) thyristor based VSC is modeled. The control scheme for the STATCOM is fully validated by detailed simulations for a 2-bus power system. The VSC topology issues on the STATCOM control and performance are presented
Neuregulins: Primary or secondary signals for the control of synapse-specific gene expression

The selective transcription of acetylcholine receptor (AChR) subunit genes in synaptic myonuclei leads to the accumulation of AChR subunit mRNAs at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). This mechanism contributes to the concentration of AChRs at the postsynaptic sarcolemma, and its physiological significance is underscored by the cases of human congenital myasthenias caused by mutation in a cis-regulatory element of the AChRe-subunit promoter, which is necessary for its synaptic expression. The signal(s) that drives synapse-specific expression is unknown but neuregulin-1 (Nrg-1), a group of growth-factor-like polypeptides encoded by the nrg-1 gene, has been a favorite candidate. Nrg-1 was originally thought as a nerve-derived factor, acting in parallel to pathways controlling AChR clustering at the synapse (i.e. agrin signaling). However, recent work suggests that Nrg-1 may actually be a muscle-derived signal that is concentrated at the NMJ, together with its receptors, by agrin and that acts as a secondary, downstream signal to enhance synapse-specific AChR transcription. Here, I review studies for and against Nrg-1 as a secondary signal driving synapse-specific expression at the NMJ. In addition, I briefly present new evidence that raise the possibility that Nrgs encoded by the ngr-1-related gene nrg-2 might have a role controlling AChR expression.
A multi-level inverter for driving a high voltage display

The paper proposes a stepped inverter approach to generate a high voltage sinusoid at a frequency of few hundred Hz for driving a highly capacitive load. The need for such a driver stemmed from an ITS (intelligent transportation systems) project that requires efficient inverters for driving electroluminescent (EL) displays. The EL devices are for outdoor use, to be powered by batteries, and low power consumption is a design requirement. The proposed inverter circuit employs the EL device as a hold capacitor and multiple DC levels are switched in to develop a 'stepped' sinusoid around the capacitor. The large time constant of the load necessitates that switching be done in smaller voltage steps. It also reduces stress on the switches and ordinary transistors can be used in the circuit implementation. The advantages of the proposed inverter are: power efficiency, no use of bulky inductors and capacitors, digital frequency tuning, and a cost effective low profile design. The circuit operations, configurations, and basic experimental results are presented in the paper.
Sensing sheet: the sensitivity of thin-film full-bridge strain sensors for crack detection and characterization

Increasing concerns regarding the conditions of civil structures and infrastructure give rise to the need for efficient strategies to identify and repair structural anomalies. ‘Sensing sheets’ based on large-area electronics consist of a dense array of unit strain sensors. These are an effective and affordable structural health monitoring tool that can identify and continuously monitor the growth of cracks in structures. This paper presents a study on the quantitative relationship between crack width and strain, the latter measured by an individual sensor that would be part of a sensing sheet. We investigate the sensitivity of thin-film full-bridge strain sensors to concrete cracks by conducting laboratory experiments in temperature-controlled settings. The results show a distribution of near-linear relationships with an average sensitivity of 31 μe μm −1 . Experiments were also conducted to investigate the effect of crack position and orientation with respect to the sensor, and it appears that both variables affect the sensitivity of strain sensors to cracks. Overall, this study confirms that full-bridge resistive strain sensors can successfully detect and quantify cracks in structural materials and are therefore appropriate as part of a dense array of sensors on a sensing sheet.
Online Intermediaries and Supply Chains

A supply chain is a complex, multilevel web of relationships between many companies, with multiple facilities spread around the globe and with multiple, often conflicting, objectives. Supply chain intermediaries, or middlemen, have evolved over time to alleviate the uncertainty and risk of the supply chain processes. Online intermediaries are a new breed of supply chain middlemen that use technology to provide transactional and informational support for these processes. This entry provides an overview of the key issues related to online intermediaries in supply chains and presents several examples of such intermediaries in various industries. Keywords: big data; cybermediaries; disintermediation; electronic commerce; intermediation; reintermediation
A breakdown model and lifetime projection for thin gate oxide MOS devices

An analytical breakdown model based upon a physical understanding of thin gate oxide has been developed. With the help of this model, which automatically accounts for all trapping, the oxide lifetimes under normal conditions could be estimated by extrapolating the high field accelerated data.
Metamaterials and plasmonics: From nanoparticles to nanoantenna arrays, metasurfaces, and metamaterials

The rise of plasmonic metamaterials in recent years has unveiled the possibility of revolutionizing the entire field of optics and photonics, challenging well-established technological limitations and paving the way to innovations at an unprecedented level. To capitalize the disruptive potential of this rising field of science and technology, it is important to be able to combine the richness of optical phenomena enabled by nanoplasmonics in order to realize metamaterial components, devices, and systems of increasing complexity. Here, we review a few recent research directions in the field of plasmonic metamaterials, which may foster further advancements in this research area. We will discuss the anomalous scattering features enabled by plasmonic nanoparticles and nanoclusters, and show how they may represent the fundamental building blocks of complex nanophotonic architectures. Building on these concepts, advanced components can be designed and operated, such as optical nanoantennas and nanoantenna arrays, which, in turn, may be at the basis of metasurface devices and complex systems. Following this path, from basic phenomena to advanced functionalities, the field of plasmonic metamaterials offers the promise of an important scientific and technological impact, with applications spanning from medical diagnostics to clean energy and information processing.
Opto-electronic Simulation of GaN Nanowire Lasers

A self-consistent, coupled opto-electronic simulation for studying GaN nanowire lasers is presented. The model solves, simultaneously and self-consistently, the carrier transport equations and the photon rate equations. The basic physical model takes into account both bulk and surface dark recombinations, stimulated emission, the anisotropic optical gain typical of the Wurtzite GaN structure, the modified spontaneous emission, and its coupling into the lasing modes by microcavity effects. The model further incorporates band gap shrinkage effects due to band renormalization and the effects of multiple lateral and longitudinal lasing and non-lasing optical modes.
Multiple Perspectives On Interaction Second Language Research In Honor Of Susan M. Gass

Introduction Alison Mackey and Charlene Polio The psycholinguistics of the interaction approach Nick Ellis A Variationist perspective on the interaction approach to SLA Elaine Tarone Languaging in collaborative writing: Creation of and response to expertise Lindsay Brooks Merrill Swain Creating pressure in task pedagogy: The joint roles of field, purpose, and engagement within the interaction approach Martin Bygate Virginia Samuda Motivational processing in interactional tasks Zoltan Dornyei Wen-Ta Tseng How young is too young? Investigating negotiation of meaning and feedback in children aged five to seven years Rhonda Oliver Interaction research in second/foreign language classrooms Nina Spada Patsy M. Lightbown Recasts in multiple response focus on form episodes Shawn Loewen Revealing the nature of SCMC interaction D. Bryan Smith Interaction and attention to form in L2 text-based computer-mediated communication Lourdes Ortega Epilogue: Exploring the intricacies of interaction and language development Jenefer Philp
Soil Creep and Convex-Upward Velocity Profiles: Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of Disturbance-Driven Sediment Transport on Hillslopes

The movement of unconsolidated materials near the Earth's surface is often driven by disturbances that occur at a range of spatial and temporal scales. The nature of these disturbances ranges from highly variable, such as tree turnover, to periodic and predictable, such as frost heave or creep. To explore the effect of probabilistic disturbances on surface processes, we formulated a granular creep model with analogy to rate process theory (RPT) used for chemical reactions. According to the theory, individual particles must be energized to a height greater than adjacent particles in order for grain dilation and transport to occur. The height of neighbouring particles (which is akin to activation energy in chemical reactions) varies with slope angle such that energy barriers get smaller in the downslope direction as slopes steepen. When slopes approach the friction-limited angle of repose, the height of energy barriers approaches zero and grains ﬂow in the absence of disturbance. An exponential function is used to describe the probability distribution of particle excitation height although alternative distributions are possible. We tested model predictions of granular dynamics in an experimental sandpile. In the sandpile, acoustic energy serves as the disturbance agent such that grains dilate and shear in response. Particle velocities are controlled by the frequency of energy pulses that result in grain displacement. Using tracer particles, we observed a convex-upward velocity proﬁle near the surface of the sandpile, consistent with predictions of our RPT-based velocity model. In addition, we depth-integrated the velocity model to predict how ﬂux rates vary with inclination of the sandpile and observed non-linear ﬂux–gradient curves consistent with model predictions. By varying the acoustic energy level in the experimental sandpile, we documented changes in the rate of grain movement; similar changes in modelled velocities were achieved by varying the exponent of the particle excitation probability distribution. The general agreement between observed and modelled granular behaviour in our simple laboratory sandpile supports the utility of RPT-based methods for modelling transport processes (e.g. soil creep, frost heave, and till deformation), thus enabling us to account for the probabilistic nature of disturbances that liberate sediment in natural landscapes. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CO2 Dynamics in a Metal–Organic Framework with Open Metal Sites

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with open metal sites are promising candidates for CO2 capture from dry flue gas. We applied in situ13C NMR spectroscopy to investigate CO2 adsorbed in Mg2(dobdc) (H4dobdc = 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid; Mg-MOF-74, CPO-27-Mg), a key MOF in which exposed Mg2+ cation sites give rise to exceptional CO2 capture properties. Analysis of the resulting spectra reveals details of the binding and CO2 rotational motion within the material. The dynamics of the motional processes are evaluated via analysis of the NMR line shapes and relaxation times observed between 12 and 400 K. These results form stringent and quantifiable metrics for computer simulations that seek to screen and improve the design of new MOFs for CO2 capture.
J wave patterns and ST elevation in women.

New data have challenged the benign nature of early repolarization (ER) by suggesting that it may be a prognostic marker of susceptibility to malignant arrhythmia and cardiovascular death. A seminal study in 2008 by Haissaguerre demonstrated an association between the J wave pattern and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. 2 Subsequently, a Finnish population study with 30-year follow up reported greater risk of arrhythmic deaths associated with inferior lead J wave pattern. However, a number of additional studies since then, riddled with nomenclature inconsistencies, have raised further disagreements about the clinical significance of the J wave pattern. Despite the excitement surrounding this controversy, these studies have dedicated minimal attention to the clinical significance of early repolarization among women. Limited data suggest that not only do substantial differences in prevalence exist by gender, but the clinical significance may be different as well. Besides data from our institution, currently there have been nine other population studies of ST elevation, J waves, and QRS slurs that include women. Of the nine studies, only six report gender-specific data and of those, only three report gender-specific prognostic information. In this paper, we will present our comparison of gender differences in the patterns and prevalence of J waves, terminal QRS slurs, and ST elevation in our populations of Veterans and collegiate athletes. Because of the small numbers of women of African descent, we will consider only non-African Americans in this study (another paper in the symposium will concentrate on African Americans). Only 6 deaths occurred in the clinical population so
Efficient information dissemination in computer networks

A common method for spreading information is by exchanging information logs amongst sites in the network. Several mechanisms for log propagation have already been proposed. All these mechanisms require that log information must be accompanied with temporal information, i.e. the state of the site sending the message when the message is sent. The authors eliminate the need for sending the log and temporal components together. They demonstrate that the separation of these two components leads to a more efficient and flexible solution of the log propagation problem. Also, the solution is more scalable, which makes it more suitable for large and geographically dispersed networks. >
Thioredoxin h5 Is Required for Victorin Sensitivity Mediated by a CC-NBS-LRR Gene in Arabidopsis

The fungus Cochliobolus victoriae causes Victoria blight of oats (Avena sativa) and is pathogenic due to its production of victorin, which induces programmed cell death in sensitive plants. Victorin sensitivity has been identified in Arabidopsis thaliana and is conferred by the dominant gene LOCUS ORCHESTRATING VICTORIN EFFECTS1 (LOV1), which encodes a coiled-coil-nucleotide binding site-leucine-rich repeat protein. We isolated 63 victorin-insensitive mutants, including 59 lov1 mutants and four locus of insensitivity to victorin1 (liv1) mutants. The LIV1 gene encodes thioredoxin h5 (ATTRX5), a member of a large family of disulfide oxidoreductases. To date, very few plant thioredoxins have been assigned specific, nonredundant functions. We found that the victorin response was highly specific to ATTRX5, as the closely related ATTRX3 could only partially compensate for loss of ATTRX5, even when overexpressed. We also created chimeric ATTRX5/ATTRX3 proteins, which identified the central portion of the protein as important for conferring specificity to ATTRX5. Furthermore, we found that ATTRX5, but not ATTRX3, is highly induced in sensitive Arabidopsis following victorin treatment. Finally, we determined that only the first of the two active-site Cys residues in ATTRX5 is required for the response to victorin, suggesting that ATTRX5 function in the victorin pathway involves an atypical mechanism of action.
Defending Direct Source Incompatibilism

Joseph Keim Campbell has attempted to say “farewell” to a particular version of source incompatibilism, viz. direct source incompatibilism, arguing that direct source incompatibilism is committed to two theses that are in tension, thereby threatening the coherence of the position. He states that direct source incompatibilism is committed to the following claims: SI-F: there are genuine Frankfurt-style counterexamples. SI-D: there is a sound version of the Direct Argument. Campbell argues that both of these theses cannot be simultaneously held since a sound version of the Direct Argument would undermine Frankfurt-style counterexamples, and vice versa. After laying out Campbell’s argument, I will first make some preliminary comments regarding actual direct source incompatibilists and their commitment to SI-F and SI-D. I then object to Campbell’s argument, arguing that one can accept both SI-F and SI-D, thereby vindicating direct source incompatibilism from the charge of incoherence.
Predicting college grades: the value of achievement goals in supplementing ability measures

Achievement goal theory is an important theoretical framework for understanding achievement motivation. In previous studies, a mastery orientation has been shown to be related to students’ interest, while a performance orientation has been found to be predictive of academic performance outcomes such as course grades. In this study, the two mastery sub‐scores from the Multiple Goals Theory Measure (MGTM) of academic motivation, which was developed specifically from achievement goal theory, was found to be predictive of college grades for a sample of 257 undergraduates at a public university in the north‐eastern United States. Additionally, the results support a trichotomous model of achievement orientations comprising mastery approach, performance approach, and avoidance. The MGTM appears to hold promise as a diagnostic tool, but additional research is required on its resistance to faking and other threats to validity.
The Postmodern Ethnographic Flaneur and the Study of Hyper-Mediated Everyday Life

The saturation of mediated communication in contemporary cultural life demands that ethnographers develop alternative methods of social research. I argue that they should embrace the mobilized gaze of the flaneur to understand how postmodern, mediated experiences fit into everyday cultural practices. I also offer a number of recommendations that can guide ethnographers as they examine hyper-mediated cultural contexts. These recommendations include (1) embrace the emergent, fleeting moment; (2) think dialectically about culture; (3) represent the postmodern in “writing” culture; (4) conceptualize ethnography as partial, subjective, and self-reflexive; and (5) embrace the semiotic tradition. By adopting the methodological practices of flanerie, ethnographers can provide compelling and evocative analyses of postmodern culture that make sense of the complex cultural moment.
Pipelined data parallel algorithms-II: design

For pt.I see ibid., p.470-85. A methodology for designing pipelined data-parallel algorithms on multicomputers is studied. The design procedure starts with a sequential algorithm which can be expressed as a nested loop with constant loop-carried dependencies. The procedure's main focus is on partitioning the loop by grouping related iterations together. Grouping is necessary to balance the communication overhead with the available parallelism and to produce pipelined execution patterns, which result in pipelined data-parallel computations. The grouping should satisfy dependence relationships among the iterations and also allow the granularity to be controlled. Various properties of grouping are studied, and methods for generating communication-efficient grouping are given. Given a grouping and an assignment of the groups to the processors, an analytic model is combined with the grouping results to describe the behavior and to estimate the performance of the resultant parallel program. Expressions characterizing the performance are derived. >
Tangential, semisubmerged, and internal store carriage and separation at supersonic speeds

This paper presents a general overview of experimental research conducted in the area of tangential, semisubmerged, and internal store carriage and separation at supersonic speeds. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of tangential and semisubmerged carriage are presented along with a discussion of the interference effects between stores mounted in various arrays. Also included is a review of cavity flow fields that exist at supersonic speeds and a discussion of the effect of cavity size and cavity doors on the separation characteristics of stores. Finally, three passive venting systems are described which can modify the flow field of certain cavities and thus improve the separation characteristics of stores from those cavities.
Call subject patterns among on-call clinical pathology residents in an academic institution: how can tracking changes in patterns over time benefit resident education?

Abstract Context.—On-call responsibility is an important part of residency training in clinical pathology. This task provides important consultative services for the hospital and serves as a valuable learning experience for the resident. Objective.—To identify the types of calls received by residents at a large teaching hospital, to assess how and why these calls have changed over time, and to determine the educational value in tracking such changes. Design.—A retrospective review of resident on-call records from 2 periods (2005–2006 and 1997–1998) was performed. Calls were classified based on the call subject and the caller. Results.—Although some general patterns remained similar, several differences were identified between the time periods. Calls regarding mislabeled specimens fell, while calls concerning panic values and the blood bank (specifically therapeutic apheresis) increased. Conclusions.—The different patterns identified in calls between the 2 periods reflect the ever-changing role of the clin...
Performance of iron-chromium-aluminum alloy surface coatings on Zircaloy 2 under high-temperature steam and normal BWR operating conditions

Abstract Iron-chromium-aluminum (FeCrAl) coatings deposited on Zircaloy 2 (Zy2) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) by magnetron sputtering have been tested with respect to oxidation weight gain in high-temperature steam. In addition, autoclave testing of FeCrAl-coated Zy2 coupons under pressure-temperature-dissolved oxygen coolant conditions representative of a boiling water reactor (BWR) environment has been performed. Four different FeCrAl compositions have been tested in 700 °C steam; compositions that promote alumina formation inhibited oxidation of the underlying Zy2. Parabolic growth kinetics of alumina on FeCrAl-coated Zy2 is quantified via elemental depth profiling. Autoclave testing under normal BWR operating conditions (288 °C, 9.5 MPa with normal water chemistry) up to 20 days demonstrates observable weight gain over uncoated Zy2 simultaneously exposed to the same environment. However, no FeCrAl film degradation was observed. The 900 °C eutectic in binary Fe–Zr is addressed with the FeCrAl-YSZ system.
par-6, a gene involved in the establishment of asymmetry in early C. elegans embryos, mediates the asymmetric localization of PAR-3

The generation of asymmetry in the one-cell embryo of Caenorhabditis elegans is necessary to establish the anterior-posterior axis and to ensure the proper identity of early blastomeres. Maternal-effect lethal mutations with a partitioning defective phenotype (par) have identified several genes involved in this process. We have identified a new gene, par-6, which acts in conjunction with other par genes to properly localize cytoplasmic components in the early embryo. The early phenotypes of par-6 embryos include the generation of equal-sized blastomeres, improper localization of P granules and SKN-1 protein, and abnormal second division cleavage patterns. Overall, this phenotype is very similar to that caused by mutations in a previously described gene, par-3. The probable basis for this similarity is revealed by our genetic and immunolocalization results; par-6 acts through par-3 by localizing or maintaining the PAR-3 protein at the cell periphery. In addition, we find that loss-of-function par-6 mutations act as dominant bypass suppressors of loss-of-function mutations in par-2.
Application of next-generation sequencing in gastrointestinal and liver tumors

Malignant transformation of normal cells is associated with the evolution of genomic alterations. This concept has led to the development of molecular testing platforms to identify genomic alterations that can be targeted with novel therapies. Next generation sequencing (NGS) has heralded a new era in precision medicine in which tumor genes can be studied efficiently. Recent developments in NGS have allowed investigators to identify genomic predictive makers and hereditary mutations to guide treatment decision. The application of NGS in gastrointestinal cancers is being extensively studied but continues to face substantial challenges. In our review, we discuss various NGS platforms and highlight their role in identifying familial mutations and markers of response or resistance to cancer therapy. We also provide a balanced discussion of the challenges that limit the routine use of NGS in clinical practice.
CO Oxidation at the Interface of Au Nanoclusters and the Stepped-CeO2(111) Surface by the Mars–van Krevelen Mechanism

DFT+U calculations of CO oxidation by Au12 nanoclusters supported on a stepped-CeO2(111) surface show that lattice oxygen at the step edge oxidizes CO bound to Au NCs by the Mars–van Krevelen (M-vK) mechanism. We found that CO2 desorption determines the rate of CO oxidation, and the vacancy formation energy is a reactivity descriptor for CO oxidation. Our results suggest that the M-vK mechanism contributes significantly to CO oxidation activity at Au particles supported on the nano- or meso-structured CeO2 found in industrial catalysts.
Recovery of the Image-Plane Sampling Parameter Q within Iterative-Transform Phase Retrieval

A method is described for recovering the image-plane sampling parameter Q, within the framework of iterative-transform phase retrieval. The method is based on optimizing a modified normalized root-mean-square error metric.
Attempts to demonstrate absorption of hydrocortisone by new chemical test following inunction into human skin.

ConclusionsInunction of relatively large body areas of normal or diseased skin with 30 g of ointment containing 750 mg of hydrocortisone acetate over a 3-day period does not increase the 17, 21-dihydroxy-20-ketosteroid levels in urine and blood. This study does not rule out the possibility that hydrocortisone is converted to still another compound or so bound with other molecules as not to be detectable by the method used, even though absorption has taken place. The findings lend further support to the mass of clinical evidence indicating that there are no dangers to be anticipated from absorption and consequent systemic effects of therapeutic quantities of hydrocortisone applied topically in ointment form even to large areas of altered skin for long periods of time.
Primary liposarcoma of the mediastinum. Report of a case and review of the literature.

Primary liposarcomas of the mediastinum are very rare tumors. We record herein the fiftieth documented case, and the sixth in which there was evidence of superior vena caval obstruction. All previously reported cases have been studied; their salient clinical and pathological features have been tabulated. Review of these case reports reveals that the majority of patients have complaints of respiratory distress or chest pain. Other common presenting complaints include cough and weight loss. These tumors grow to an enormous size, and symptoms are referable to compression of contiguous intrathoracic structures. Radiotherapy or chemotherapy or both are ineffective theraputic modalities. The treatment of choice is surgical in all cases. Such an approach serves to establish a tissue diagnosis, to relieve the patient’s symptoms, and may at times result in a cure.
Impact of Mind Mapping Technique on Academic Achievement – An Experimental Study on Malaysia Form 4 Students

To date there is no formal/direct training on mind mapping given to Malaysian students at secondary schools. In some studies, the use of mind mapping technique shows productivity gains and improved performance. Whereas in other studies, mind mapping technique shows no impact or mixed results. It is unknown whether the learning and usage of mind mapping skill will improve Malaysian student’s academic achievement. Hence in this paper, conceptual framework and experimental study plan are developed to evaluate the impact of mind mapping technique on academic achievement (via one Science Subject) for secondary schools’ students in Malaysia.
Federated Trading Model for Distributed Object Management

Distributed object management is important in implementing distributed object interoperability.This paper presents an expanded and improved basic trading model of ODP to implement the local management of object services.Based on the new trading model,it proposes a federated trading model in large-scale distributed object interoperability environments,which provides new concepts of trading space and confidence.It describes the rigorous federated search procedure and search rules and the algorithm for the best federated search route,and also provides the structure model of federated trading and the federated consultation protocol to establish federated trading.
Fungicide Resistance Profiling in Botrytis cinerea Populations from Blueberry in California and Washington and Their Impact on Control of Gray Mold

Gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea is a major postharvest disease of blueberry grown in the Central Valley of California and western Washington State. Sensitivities to boscalid, cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fludioxonil, and pyraclostrobin, representing five different fungicide classes, were examined for 249 (California) and 106 (Washington) B. cinerea isolates recovered from decayed blueberry fruit or flowers. In California and Washington, 7 and 17 fungicide-resistant phenotypes, respectively, were detected: 66 and 49% of the isolates were resistant to boscalid, 20 and 29% were moderately resistant to cyprodinil, 29 and 29% were resistant to fenhexamid, and 66 and 55% were resistant to pyraclostrobin. All isolates from California were sensitive to fludioxonil, whereas 70% of the isolates from Washington showed reduced sensitivity to fludioxonil. In California, 26 and 30% of the isolates were resistant to two and three classes of fungicides, respectively. In Washington, 31, 14, 16, and 9% of the isolates were resistant to two, three, four, and five classes of fungicides, respectively. Inherent risk of the development of resistance to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides was assessed by detecting the presence of the Bcbi-143/144 intron in gene cytb. The intron was detected in 11.8 and 40% of the isolates in California and Washington, respectively, suggesting that the risk of QoI resistance is higher in California than in Washington. On detached blueberry fruit inoculated with 11 isolates exhibiting different fungicide-resistant phenotypes, most fungicides failed to control gray mold on fruit inoculated with the respective resistant phenotypes but the mixture of cyprodinil and fludioxonil was effective against all fungicide-resistant phenotypes tested. Our findings would be useful in designing and implementing fungicide resistance management spray programs for control of gray mold in blueberry.
Phasic Burst Stimulation: A Closed-Loop Approach to Tuning Deep Brain Stimulation Parameters for Parkinson's Disease.

We propose a novel, closed-loop approach to tuning deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Parkinson’s disease (PD). The approach, termed Phasic Burst Stimulation (PhaBS), applies a burst of stimulus pulses over a range of phases predicted to disrupt pathological oscillations seen in PD. Stimulation parameters are optimized based on phase response curves (PRCs), which would be measured from each patient. This approach is tested in a computational model of PD with an emergent population oscillation. We show that the stimulus phase can be optimized using the PRC, and that PhaBS is more effective at suppressing the pathological oscillation than a single phasic stimulus pulse. PhaBS provides a closed-loop approach to DBS that can be optimized for each patient.
The Roles of Reelin, Bcl2, and Serotonin in Cerebellar Pathology in Autism

This review describes involvement of serotonin, Reelin, and Bcl2 in cerebellar pathology in autism. The literature regarding neurochemical, neuropathologic, and imaging aspects of autistic pathology as related to cerebellum is discussed. Where appropriate, relevant animal data are also presented to explain the impact of environmental and genetic influences on development of autism.
The Spread of Pollutants Emitted from Long and Large Obstacles in Atmosphere

The paper presents a computational model for the prediction of the pollutant spread from a source close to a relatively large object in the atmosphere. The mathematical model comprises a quasi three-dimensional steady flow model, and a fully threedimensional, unsteady concentration model which employs the results of the computed flow field.