cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
On the Epistemology of Old English Scholarship

This article analyzes a recent dispute over the dating of Widsið in order to discuss the epistemological and methodological issues involved. Its first half concerns the protocols of hypotheticism, which researchers employ in order to explain anomalies and generate insights into their objects of study. Its second half concerns obscurantist argumentation, which is employed to generate unreasonable doubt and leave explicable phenomena unexplained. Throughout these discussions, the hypothesis that Widsið is an archaic composition is shown to merit credence from reasonable observers.
Polarimetric optimization for biophysical parameter estimation

This paper explores polarization optimization of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, constrained to maximize some biophysical data conditions, such as the residual sum of squares (RSS). Based on a-priori information, the optimization helps to identify the polarization most sensitive (and least sensitive) to the quantity of interest, with best predictive characteristics. In this presentation, the relationship of SAR polarimetry to forest biomass is considered. The results are presented over boreal forest using DLR's airborne E-SAR sensor data at L- and P-band frequencies.
The Many Aspects of Off-Label Prescribing in Oncology

Abstract: Off-label prescribing is particularly common in oncology. While it brings abundant benefits to cancer treatment, decisions on off-label prescribing should be made with caution, due to insufficient supporting data, weak safety monitoring system, and increased health care burden. Currently, reimbursement decisions for off-label oncology are based on recommendations from four drug compendia, each of which combines data from clinical trials and/or observational studies and expert opinions. Further enhancements are expected in terms of transparency and consistency of compendiaâ€™s methods of data synthesis. While the existing FDA regulations prohibit direct-to-prescriber promotion, with the exception of publication on off-label drug use, considerable leeway may be given to late-stage cancer patients. Clinical Trials for oncology off-label indication should focus on late stage cancer patients beyond first-line therapy and patient sample should have equal representations from academic and community settings. Off-label oncology clinical trials should also provide full information on conflict of interest. Given the high stakes involved in oncology treatment, future policies should strike a balance between innovation and clinical, economic, and humanistic consequences.
Il Buono, Il Brutto, Il Cattivo

We appreciate the constructive commentary by Dr Paul Corris and colleagues1 that highlights the merits and limitations of our manuscript. A recent editorial from Dr Vincent Cottin requested that clinical trials, in the setting of pulmonary fibrosis (PF)-associated pulmonary hypertension (PH), ‘should first be conducted in subjects with disproportionate elevation of pulmonary vascular resistance as compared to the severity of pulmonary fibrosis…in whom PH likely contributes the most to exercise limitation and morbidity’.2 In this spirit, the purpose of our study is to emphasise the inclusion of a specific, although less common PF-PH phenotype (excluding sarcoidosis and scleroderma) with advanced pulmonary haemodynamics …
Systolic pressure--diameter relations in the normal conscious dog.

Pressure–diameter loops were generated in normal, conscious dogs during left ventricular contraction by means of endocardial ultrasonic gauges and micromanometers. Studies were made in the control state, during volume and pressure loading, and during enhancement of contractility. The diameter at the end of ejection was linearly related to systolic pressure, and the pressure–diameter relation at end-ejection was not affected by changes in preload. However, this relation was substantially displaced by changes in inotropic state, suggesting that the instantaneous pressure–length plane produced by pressure loading is unique to a given level of contractility.
Child's Play: Anatomically Correct Dolls and Embodiment

Anatomically detailed dolls have been used to elicit testimony from children in sex abuse cases. However, studies have shown they often provide false accounts in young, preschool-age children. Typically this problem is seen as a cognitive one: with age, children can correctly map their bodies onto a doll due to greater intellectual ability to represent themselves. I argue, along with the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty, that although cognitive developments aid in the ability to represent one’s own body, a discussion of embodiment is required in order to understand the use and abuse of anatomical dolls in forensic interviews. This paper examines these issues and maintains that a better understanding of embodied perception in both adults and children helps show how phenomenology can provide a more nuanced understanding to a troubling ethical and legal problem.
Reference Variables for Dynamic, Reliable Packet Operations

A classic ‘reference’ variable provides an indirect way to access a variable or aggregate. packetC, [1] a language for network packet processing, has specialized requirements for references that apply to aggregates, based on domain-specific, extended data types. The primary functional requirement is to defer selecting particular aggregates until runtime. In addition, requirements for high program reliability and security are paramount. Thus, packetC reference constructs must guarantee that a selected aggregate (i.e., the value of a runtime dereference) always constitutes a legal aggregate for the involved operation. Both reliability concerns and current domain implementation practice discourage references based on addresses (detailed below). A secondary requirement is to support chaining aggregate operations, where the aggregate used in an operation depends on the result of the previous operation. Our design and implementation of packetC references provides a useful case study in how secure, reliable references can meet these requirements by combining strong typing features (e.g., declaration rules), simple mechanics (encoded ordinal values) and appropriate technical attributes for references, such as reseatability and non-nullability.
Test Results of a ${\rm Nb}_{3}{\rm Sn}$ Wind/React “Stress-Managed” Block Dipole

A second phase of a high field dipole technology development has been tested. A Nb3Sn block-coil model dipole was fabricated, using magnetic mirror geometry and wind/react coil technology. The primary objective of this phase was to make a first experimental test of the stress-management strategy pioneered at Texas AM there was no training. The decoupling of Lorentz stress between inner and outer windings was validated. In ramp rate studies the magnet exhibited a remarkable robustness in rapid ramping operation. It reached 85% of short sample(ss) current even while ramping 2-3 T/s. This robustness is attributed to the orientation of the Rutherford cables parallel to the field in the windings, instead of the transverse orientation that characterizes common dipole designs. Test results are presented and the next development phase plans are discussed.
Obstructive sleep apnoea and stroke

Many patients with stroke have concomitant sleep apnoea, which can affect recovery potential. Although stroke can lead to the development of sleep-disordered breathing, the current evidence suggests that sleep-disordered breathing may function as a risk factor for stroke. In this review, we focus on the association between obstructive sleep apnoea and stroke reviewing both the epidemiological data with respect to causation and the biological data, which explores pathogenesis. There is convincing evidence to believe that sleep apnoea is a modifiable risk factor for stroke; however, prospective studies are needed to establish the cause-and-effect relationship.
A randomized trial of zinc nasal spray for the treatment of upper respiratory illness in adults.

Purpose We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of 0.12% zinc sulfate nasal spray for reducing the duration and severity of acute upper respiratory infections. Subjects and methods Patients with acute onset of upper respiratory illness of less than 24 hours' duration were eligible for the study. A nasopharyngeal swab was obtained at the time of enrollment for viral culture. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either 0.12% zinc sulfate or isotonic placebo spray. The medication was administered as two inhalations in each nostril four times a day. Each patient completed a diary card twice a day to record oral temperature, symptoms, and adverse effects. Symptoms were scored as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), or severe (3). Results One hundred eighty-five subjects volunteered to participate, and 160 met the criteria for enrollment. The median duration of all symptoms was 7 days in both groups (P = 0.45), and the median duration of nasal symptoms was 6 days in both groups (P= 0.12). After adjustment for baseline differences in severity, patients receiving zinc had a significant reduction in the total symptom score (P= 0.02) and the nasal symptom score (P= 0.02) on day 1, but not on any of the other days. Adverse effects were mild and had no significant association with the use of zinc. A respiratory virus was identified in 9 of the 160 participants; 6 of these were rhinovirus. Conclusion A low concentration of zinc sulfate nasal spray had no effect on the duration of the common cold.
The concept of quality of life: what we know and do not know

Background Over the past two decades the concept of quality of life (QOL) has increasingly become a focus for research and application in the fields of education/special education, health care (physical and behavioural), social services (disabilities and ageing), and families. Methods This article summarizes our current understanding of the construct of individual QOL as it pertains to persons with intellectual disabilities (ID). The article's three major sections discuss what we know, what we are beginning to understand, and what we still do not know about the QOL construct. Results We currently know the importance of the QOL construct as a service delivery principle, along with its current use and multidimensional nature. We are beginning to understand the importance of methodological pluralism in the assessment of QOL, the multiple uses of quality indicators, the predictors of assessed QOL, the effects of different data collection strategies, and the etic (universal) and emic (culture-bound) properties of the construct. We have yet to understand fully the use of QOL-related outcomes in programme change, how to best evaluate the outcomes of QOL-related services, and how to use the concept of QOL to impact public and disability reform. Conclusion The article concludes with a brief discussion of future challenges related to demonstrating the concept's social validity and positive impact on the lives of persons with ID.
Membrane/cytoskeleton communication.

Accumulations of particular lipids in ordered arrays in the membrane (termed microdomains or lipid rafts) can attract proteins with specific targeting domains. Both the lipid and protein components of rafts communicate with the cytoskeleton directly thereby regulating cellular responses. Recent evidence implicating phosphoinositide 1,5 bisphosphate (PIP2) in cytoskeletal regulation shows that agonist sensitive regulation of PIP2 homoeostasis occurs specifically rafts, which appear to provide a major structural substrate for its function. The crucial role of PIP2 in generating cytoskeletal responses is chiefly achieved by regulating proteins that control actin dynamics directly. Many of these regulatory proteins are also specifically enriched in rafts either directly (by insertion into the lipid bilayer via acetylation motifs), or indirectly via interactions with other raft components. The notion that rafts form membrane platforms or modules that mediate signaling responses has been most extensively demonstrated in the immune synapse (IS) of T cells, a com-plex assemblage of rafts that integrates signaling cascades originating from the simultaneous activation of a wide variety of receptors. The IS is essential for both the amplification and maintenance of T-cell activation, and its assembly at the antigen presenting site depends on the interactions between rafts and the actin cytoskeleton that regulates coalescence of smaller raft components into the larger IS complex. Likewise the neuron, which represents the most highly polarized cell in the body, utilizes the regulation of actin dynamics in response to a plethora of extracellular signals to control axon pathfinding thereby sculpting nervous system cytoarchitecture with utmost precision. It is now becoming clear, that as in the T-cell, lipid rafts in the growing axon can assemble into highly specific, yet malleable and dynamic, signaling modules that regulate actin dynamics in a fashion that is also PIP2-dependent and that utilizes both familiar and novel regulatory mechanisms It seems clear that raft mediated cytoskeletal regulation represents a highly conserved mechanism to integrate cellular responses to diverse signals.
Lexical and Post-Lexical Complexity Effects on Eye Movements in Reading

The current study investigated how a post-lexical complexity manipulation followed by a lexical complexity manipulation affects eye movements during reading. Both manipulations caused disruption in all measures on the manipulated words, but the patterns of spill-over differed. Critically, the effects of the two kinds of manipulations did not interact, and there was no evidence that post-lexical processing difficulty delayed lexical processing on the next word (c.f. Henderson & Ferreira, 1990). This suggests that post-lexical processing of one word and lexical processing of the next can proceed independently and likely in parallel. This finding is consistent with the assumptions of the E-Z Reader model of eye movement control in reading (Reichle, Warren, & McConnell, 2009).
What is Time: An Empirical Exploratory Investigation

This paper is concerned with definitions of tine found in the literature, then classified into tine orientation, processing, commitment, and use. A verification was then carried out in the form of an exploratory study of written definitions of tine and focus group discussions of tine by 89 participants (10 groups). The groups studied were: male students, female students, homemakers (female), career oriented men, career oriented women with children, career oriented women without children, employed women, formerly employed women, formerly employed men, formerly employed managerial/professional men. Results and implications are presented.
Legal Writing: Legal Arguments and Briefs

This is a reading with key to the questions, problems, and simplified cases to brief. If you desire the reading only to give to students, please contact author. The reading can be given to students to help them understand how to brief and then write simple legal arguments. The briefing technique is a simplified method and is designed to help students understand how simple legal arguments are organized rather than the detailed law school brief.
Atom Probe Tomography Study of Multi-microalloyed Carbide and Carbo-Nitride Precipitates and the Precipitation Sequence in Nb-Ti HSLA Steels

Composition analysis of carbide and carbo-nitride precipitates was performed for two Nb-Ti microalloyed steels with yield strengths of 750 and 580 MPa using an atom probe study. In the high-Ti 750 MPa steel, Ti-rich (Ti,Nb)(C,N) and Ti-rich (Ti,Nb)(C) precipitates were observed. In the high-Nb 580 MPa steel, a Ti-rich (Ti,Nb)(C,N) precipitate and (Ti,Nb)(C) clusters were noted. These (Ti,Nb)(C) clusters in the high-Nb 580 MPa steel were smaller than the (Ti,Nb)(C) precipitates in high-Ti 750 MPa steel. In general, a larger number of precipitates were found in the high-Ti 750 MPa steel. This difference in the number density of the precipitates between the two steels is attributed to the difference in Ti content. Combining the atom probe tomography results and thermodynamic calculations, the precipitation sequence in these alloys was inferred to be the following: as the temperature decreases, TiN precipitates out of the solution with successive (Ti,Nb)(C,N) layers of varying composition forming on these Ti-rich precipitates. Once N is depleted from the solution, a second set of (Ti,Nb)(C) precipitates in a similar manner in the matrix and also onto the carbo-nitride phase. This observation is consistent with previous observations in high-strength low-alloy steels containing comparable amounts of only Nb. It was noted that the amount of Nb, Nb/(Nb + Ti), in the precipitates decreased from 0.20 to 0.04 with the size of the precipitate. We believe that this is due to the Nb supersaturation in the matrix when these precipitates nucleate.
An inverse problem involving the Titchmarsh–Weyl m -function

Let m (λ) denote the Titchmarsh–Weyl m -function associated with the differential equation with Neumann boundary condition at 0. In the case q ∊ C M [0, e) for some integer M and e > 0 we prove the following result (Theorem 2.1): If for some integer ŋ ≧ 3 we know that Im {λ (ŋ + l)/2 m 0(λ)} = 0 on the ray λ = |λ| e i π/ŋ , then q ( v ) (0) = 0 for all v in the set {0, 1, … M } for Which ≢ ŋ − 2 mod ŋ.
Aerosol Threat Detection: Single Particle Scattering and Spectroscopy

Achieving low detection thresholds for biological/chemical agent aerosols, drives sensor designs to single-particle classification approaches, and short response times suggests optical, on-the-fly interrogation. Spectroscopic methods discussed include fluorescence and IR absorption.
Furazolidone-associated cardiomyopathy in two Indiana flocks of ducklings.

SUMMARY. Furazolidone (FZ)-induced congestive cardiomyopathy was diagnosed as the cause of high mortality and unthriftiness in two flocks of white pekin ducklings. Cumulative mortality at 7 weeks of age was 10.0-14.4%. Samples of FZ-supplemented feeds fed to flocks 1 and 2 from day 1 to day 14 had 140 and 150 mg FZ/kg, respectively. Both flocks had various degrees of water restriction. Clinically, the ducklings had dyspnea, incoordination, and abdominal distention. Necropsy findings included pulmonary edema and congestion, ascites, atrophic congested livers covered with sheets of fibrin, and cardiac enlargement with biventricular dilatation. Cardiac alterations were minimal by light microscopy. Ultrastructurally, scattered myocytes had myofibrillar lysis. These outbreaks occurred following intake of FZ at therapeutic dosages and emphasize the high susceptibility of young ducklings to FZ cardiotoxicity.
Clinical application of quality care in very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome

Objective To investigate the clinical application efficacy of quality care in very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome.Methods Fifty-two cases of low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome from January 2011 to January 2012 were selected,who were divided into observation group and control group,26 cases in each group,control group were given rountine care,observation group were given quality care on the basis of rountine care,the nursing care efficacy of two groups were compared.Results The cure rate of observation group was 88.5%,the control group was 73.1%,there was significant difference between two groups(P 0.05).Conclusion Quality care in very low birth weight infants with respiratory distress syndrome has obvious clinical effect,is worth the promotion and application of clinical nursing.
Polyamines inhibit phospholipase C-catalysed polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis. Studies with permeabilized GH3 cells.

[3H]Inositol-labelled GH3 rat anterior pituitary tumour cells were permeabilized with digitonin and were incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of ATP and Mg2+. [3H]Polyphosphoinositide breakdown and [3H]inositol phosphate production were stimulated by hydrolysis-resistant GTP analogues and by Ca2+. Of the nucleotides tested, guanosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate (GTP gamma S) was the most effective stimulus. Activation by GTP gamma S appeared to be mediated by a guanine nucleotide-binding (G) protein as GTP gamma S-stimulated [3H]inositol phosphate production was inhibited by other nucleotides with a potency order of GTP = GDP = guanosine 5′-[beta-thio]diphosphate greater than ITP greater than GMP greater than UTP = CTP = adenosine 5′-[gamma-thio]triphosphate. The stimulatory effects of 10 microM-GTP gamma S on [3H]inositol phosphate levels were reversed by spermine and spermidine with IC50 values of approx. 0.25 and 2 mM respectively. Putrescine was inhibitory only at higher concentrations. Similarly, GTP gamma S-induced decreases in [3H]polyphosphoinositide levels were reversed by 2.5 mM-spermine. The inhibitory effects of spermine were not overcome by supramaximal concentrations of GTP gamma S. In contrast, [3H]inositol phosphate production stimulated by addition of 0.3-0.6 mM-Ca2+ to incubation media was only partially inhibited by spermine (5 mM), and spermine was not inhibitory when added Ca2+ was increased to 1 mM. These data show that polyamines, particularly spermine, inhibit phospholipase C-catalysed polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis with a marked selectivity towards the stimulatory effects of GTP gamma S.
Dad’s Not Having Much Pain

This case discusses a pharmacokinetic interaction between methadone and ciprofloxacin resulting in increased sedative and analgesic effects of methadone. Methadone is a cytochrome P450 3A4 substrate and ciprofloxacin is a 3A4 inhibitor.
Complex Data: More Advanced Models

In this final chapter, I briefly discuss models that have been developed for data that are generally more complex than what we have thus far observed. The sections are meant to introduce you to these methods if you have not already read about them – or used them. The following list shows the types of data situations with which you may be confronted, together with a type of model that can be used in such a situation (given in parentheses). T ypes of D ata and P roblems D ealt with in T his C hapter • Data sets are small and count data highly unbalanced. (exact Poisson) • Counts have been truncated or censored at the left, right (highest values), or middle areas of the distribution. (truncated and censored Poisson and NB models) • The count response appears to have two or more components, each being generated by a different mechanism. (finite mixture model) • One or more model predictors are ill-shaped, needing smoothing. (GAM smoothers) • Counts are erratically distributed and do not appear to follow a parametric count distribution very well. (quantile count models) • Data are longitudinal or clustered in nature, where observations are not independent. (panel models; e.g., GEE, GLMM) • Data are nested in levels or are in a hierarchical structure. (multilevel models) A very brief overview of the Bayesian modeling of count data will be presented in Section 9.8.
Investigating the Animation of Application Permission Dialogs: A Case Study of Facebook

Third party applications play an important role in enhancing a social network user’s online experience. These applications request various permissions from the users at install-time. However, these permissions are often ignored, and the users end up granting access to sensitive information. This motivates the need for techniques that can attract user attention towards the requested permissions and make users read and understand the permissions before authorizing them.
Breakthrough system to optimize implant filament source usage

Information is a processed data that provides us the ability to make effective decisions. In these days, when no one is experiencing lack of data, the most valuable thing is the transformation of the data to information. In this paper we would like to present Implant source optimization system (iSOS) which was implemented in Intel HVM facility running Flash NOR technologies at Implant area. The implant area has experienced short source life duration as results of ineffective running mode of operation. This running mode has decreased the tools availability and increased the implant time which has caused lower throughput. In order to improve implant tools availability and utilization a set of "run rules" were defined by the area's engineers, utilizing different gases properties to extend the source's life. Though the run rules were well defined it was a difficult task to implement them and monitor the running history. iSOS was designed to transform mass of data from the tools into unique, effective and presentable information. By enabling fast and accurate decision making iSOS enabled Implant area to achieve additional capacity (improved availability by 4%-6%) at lower cost (saving of $10,000 per week) by doubling source life duration.
Toward an explicit eigencurve for GL(3)

Starting with a numerically noncritical (at p) Hecke eigenclass f in the homology of a congruence subgroup Γ of SL3(ℤ) (where p divides the level of Γ) with classical coefficients, we first show how to compute to any desired degree of accuracy a lift of f to a Hecke eigenclass F with coefficients in a module of p-adic distributions. Then we show how to find to any desired degree of accuracy the germ of the projection Z to weight space of the eigencurve around the point z corresponding to the system of Hecke eigenvalues of F. We do this under the conjecturally mild hypothesis that Z is smooth at z.
From NoobGuides to #OpKKK: Ethics of Anonymous’ Tactical Technical Communication

Tactical technical communication research suggests its application to social justice. However, beyond a general advocacy of anti-institutional activity, de Certeau’s notion of tactics provides no d...
Finite Fields are Simple

In Chapter 7 we constructed a collection of simple field extensions, that is, fields of the form K= F[x]/(p(x)), by starting with a field F and an irreducible polynomial p(x) in F[x], and letting K be the set of congruence classes of polynomials modulo p(x). We observed that we could also think of K as K = F[ β], polynomials with coefficients in F evaluated at β, where β = [x]p(x) is an “invented root” of p(x).
The Arabidopsis O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY activates nuclear growth repressor DELLA

Plant development requires coordination among complex signaling networks to enhance the plant's adaptation to changing environments. DELLAs, transcription regulators originally identified as repressors of phytohormone gibberellin signaling, play a central role in integrating multiple signaling activities via direct protein interactions with key transcription factors. Here, we found that DELLA is mono-O-fucosylated by the novel O-fucosyltransferase SPINDLY (SPY) in Arabidopsis thaliana. O-fucosylation activates DELLA by promoting its interaction with key regulators in brassinosteroid- and light-signaling pathways, including BRASSINAZOLE-RESISTANT1 (BZR1), PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING-FACTOR3 (PIF3) and PIF4. Moreover, spy mutants displayed elevated responses to gibberellin and brassinosteroid, and increased expression of common target genes of DELLAs, BZR1 and PIFs. Our study revealed that SPY-dependent protein O-fucosylation plays a key role in regulating plant development. This finding may have broader importance because SPY orthologs are conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, thus suggesting that intracellular O-fucosylation may regulate a wide range of biological processes in diverse organisms.
High resolution silicon arrayed waveguide gratings for photonic signal processing applications

We design, fabricate and demonstrate the operation of a compact, 1 GHz resolution silicon arrayed waveguide grating. Active phase correction allows for low channel cross-talk, enabling the demonstration of spectral shaping and RF signal analysis.
New Capabilities at NIST In Dimensional Metrology

A number of new or revised services in dimensional metrology are presented. Included are: a lower cost, high accuracy calibration for sphere diameter; reduced uncertainty in roundness calibration; ...
Structure and thermal expansion of Lu2O3 and Yb2O3 up to the melting points

Abstract Knowledge of thermal expansion and high temperature phase transformations is essential for prediction and interpretation of materials behavior under the extreme conditions of high temperature and intense radiation encountered in nuclear reactors. Structure and thermal expansion of Lu2O3 and Yb2O3 were studied in oxygen and argon atmospheres up to their melting temperatures using synchrotron X-ray diffraction on laser heated levitated samples. Both oxides retained the cubic bixbyite C-type structure in oxygen and argon to melting. In contrast to fluorite-type structures, the increase in the unit cell parameter of Yb2O3 and Lu2O3 with temperature is linear within experimental error from room temperature to the melting point, with mean thermal expansion coefficients (8.5 ± 0.6) · 10−6 K−1 and (7.7 ± 0.6) · 10−6 K−1, respectively. There is no indication of a superionic (Bredig) transition in the C-type structure or of a previously suggested Yb2O3 phase transformation to hexagonal phase prior to melting.
Black doctoral women: Exploring barriers and facilitators of success in graduate education

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to expand upon extant research and uncover trends observed among Black women who are in pursuit of – or have recently attained – their doctoral degrees within the United States. Exploring the voices of seven women, findings revealed three primary themes: (1) socialization experiences, (2) student success, and (3) challenges. Implications for students, administrators, and faculty are provided.
The Role of Ran in Nuclear Import

The movement of macromolecules from the cytoplasm into the nucleus occurs through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) in the nuclear envelope. NPCs are large organelles that bridge the double membrane of the nuclear envelope forming aqueous channels that connect the cytoplasm and nucleoplasm. The aqueous channels of NPCs are sufficiently large to permit the diffusion of small macromolecules from one compartment to the other, but most nuclear proteins contain a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) and are actively imported into the nucleus. NLSs are recognized by soluble nuclear carriers in the cytoplasm which, after binding their cargo, dock at the NPC. Import cargo:carrier complexes then move through the NPC in an energy-independent fashion by sequential binding to and release from multiple carrier binding sites located throughout the length of the NPC. In this way, the import cargo is moved from the cytoplasmic to the nucleoplasmic face of the NPC. There, the small GTPase Ran disrupts the cargo:carrier complex resulting in the release of cargo into the nuclear interior. This review will focus on the mechanism by which Ran catalyzes cargo release during nuclear import.
Investigating compression strengths of 3D printed polymeric infill specimens of various geometries

Conventional manufacturing techniques include removing the excess materials to get the desired shapes; however, additive manufacturing include direct manufacturing of the objects using computer aided design model through adding a layer of material at a time. Strength and durability of the final products are important issues in designing 3D printed functional objects. Primary considerations of 3D printing process include some specifications of the printing process, printing orientation, materials selection and overall design (complexity, size, pore volume and shape). Infill structures are printed in selected patterns with a desired solid percentage, which is arranged using the slicing software. Percent rate and designed pattern are two key parameters for infill specimens which affect the print time, material usage, weight, strength, and decorative assets, as well. Polylactic acid (PLA) is a biodegradable and bioactive thermoplastic derived from renewable resources, such as corn starch, sugarcane, cassava and so on. In this study, five different infill shapes (e.g., solid, diamond, hexagonal, square, and triangle) of PLA were designed using CATIA program, and then 3D printed with 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 vol.% to determine the effects of the infill shapes on the compressive strengths of the materials. The purpose of this study is to investigate the infill shapes, volumes, and orientation of infill shapes in the 3D printed specimens. Compression test results showed that infill shapes and volume percentages affect the mechanical properties of the 3D printed parts. This study indicated that mechanical properties of 3D printed materials could be maximized using the different infill shapes and volume percentages in 3D printing process.
Density-functional theory for systems with noncollinear spin: Orbital-dependent exchange-correlation functionals and their application to the Hubbard dimer

To describe noncollinear magnetism in systems such as spiral ferromagnets or spin-frustrated molecules, density-functional methods need to give a proper account of the interplay between broken spin symmetries and exchange-correlation many-body effects. Here, the author develops a class of orbital-dependent exchange-correlation functionals for systems with noncollinear spin, treating correlation via a self-consistent scheme inspired by the Singwi-Tosi-Land-Sj\"olander method. The approach is applied to a very simple yet nontrivial benchmark system, the asymmetric half-filled Hubbard dimer, and is found to perform well, particularly in the weakly to moderately correlated regime.
Special Issue: Candida and Candidiasis

This special issue highlights emerging topics related to Candida, the most prevalent fungal pathogen in the hospital setting. The advantages and limitations of new, non-culture based diagnostic techniques are discussed. The issue reviews mammalian and non-mammalian infection models. The manuscripts present updates on several molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity, including filamentation, biofilm formation, and phospholipid production.
Calculation of Images of Thin Specimens

This chapter presents approximate methods of calculating transmission electron microscope images of thin specimens. The thickness of the specimen is ignored, which may be appropriate for very thin specimens. Multiple scattering is also generally ignored. This approach is intermediate between the transfer function (in previous chapters) and the multislice and Bloch wave methods (discussed in later chapters) and has the advantage of requiring much less computer time.
Urodynamic evaluation of stress incontinence.

SUMMARY A careful history points the urodynamic examination in the right direction and enables the examiner to ask the correct questions. The individual who does the test is the only reliable interpreter of the results of that study. No urodynamic technique is as sensitive or specific as a blood glucose, or even an electrocardiogram. A history of urgency and urge incontinence suggests uninhibited contractility and is a better index of that condition than a cystometrogram. Leakage occurring shortly after a previous operative procedure for stress incontinence suggests type III stress incontinence. A past history of radiation, prior pelvic surgery, neurologic disease, herniated disc conditions, or prior chemotherapy all require a simple cystometrogram to rule out abnormal bladder compliance. Following a simple history and urodynamic evaluation, a physical examination should be performed, searching for urethra hypermobility and genital prolapse. Abdominal leak-point pressure testing is useful to assign broad categories of incontinence. Relatively high leak-point pressures with hypermobility suggest suspension operations will be effective. Low leak-point pressures with hypermobility often require a sling, and very low leak-point pressures with no hypermobility indicate a suitable candidate for a trial of injection therapy.
Impact of an Individually Tailored Light Mask on Sleep Parameters in Older Adults With Advanced Phase Sleep Disorder

ABSTRACTObjective: This study investigated whether light delivered through the eyelids of sleeping persons might create phase delay in older adults who are adversely affected by advanced sleep phas...
The prevalence of cardio-metabolic risk factors is differentially elevated in obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel and obesity-resistant S5B/Pl rats.

Abstract Aims Individual susceptibility to develop obesity may impact the development of cardio-metabolic risk factors that lead to obesity-related comorbid conditions. Obesity-prone Osborne-Mendel (OM) rats expressed higher levels of visceral adipose inflammation than obesity-resistant, S5B/Pl (S5B) rats. However, the consumption of a high fat diet (HFD) differentially affected OM and S5B rats and induced an increase in visceral adipose inflammation in S5B rats. The current study examined the effects of HFD consumption on cardio-metabolic risk factors in OM and S5B rats. Materials & methods Glucose regulation and circulating levels of lipids, adiponectin and C-reactive protein were assessed following 8 weeks of HFD or low fat diet (LFD) consumption. Left ventricle hypertrophy and mRNA expression of cardiovascular disease biomarkers were also quantified in OM and S5B rats. Key findings Circulating levels of triglycerides were higher, while HDL cholesterol, adiponectin and glycemic control were lower in OM rats, compared to S5B rats. In the left ventricle, BNP and CTGF mRNA expression were higher in OM rats and IL-6, IL-1β, VEGF, and iNOS mRNA expression were higher in S5B rats. Significance These findings support the hypothesis that cardio-metabolic risk factors are increased in obesity-prone individuals, which may increase the risk for the development of obesity-related comorbidities. In the current models, obesity-resistant S5B rats also exhibited cardiovascular risk factors supporting the importance of monitoring cardiovascular health in individuals characterized as obesity-resistant.
Circulating Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (MDSC) That Accumulate in Premalignancy Share Phenotypic and Functional Characteristics With MDSC in Cancer

Myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSC) are a heterogeneous population of immature myeloid cells that accumulate in circulation of cancer patients and at tumor sites where they suppress anti-tumor immunity. We previously reported that in a colon cancer prevention trial of a MUC1 vaccine tested in individuals at increased risk for colon cancer, those who did not mount immune response to the vaccine had higher pre-vaccination levels of circulating MDSC compared to those who did. We also reported that individuals with pancreatic premalignancy, Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasm (IPMN), had increased circulating levels of MDSC that inversely correlated with spontaneous antibody responses against the pancreatic tumor associated antigen MUC1, abnormally expressed on IPMN. Accumulation of MDSC in cancer and their immunosuppressive role had been well established but their presence in premalignancy was unexpected. In this study we compared MDSC in premalignancy with those in cancer with the hypothesis that there might be differences in the composition of various MDSC subpopulations and their immunosuppressive functions due to different lengths of exposure to disease and/or different tissue microenvironments. In cohorts of patients with premalignant polyps, colon cancer, premalignant IPMN, and pancreatic cancer, we confirmed higher levels of MDSC in premalignancy compared to healthy controls, higher levels of MDSC in cancer compared to premalignancy, but no difference in their subpopulation composition or immunosuppressive capacity. We show that levels of MDSC in premalignancy correlate negatively in vivo with spontaneous MUC1-specific antibody responses and in vitro with polyclonal T cell proliferation and IFN-γ secretion.
Forecasting Methods and Implementation of DRP (Distribution Requirement Planning) Methods in Determining the Master Production Schedule

PT ABC President Indonesia is a manufacturing company engaged in the food sector by producing ABC noodles and Nu Greentea. At PT ABC President Indonesia, the production scheduling process is one of the main processes carried out to determine the number of products that must be produced. Based on the problems that occur regarding stock, it is proposed that the best forecasting method is based on the time series of each Distribution Centre (DC) and processing Distribution Centre (DC) requests using the Distribution Requirement Planning (DRP) method. Where the DRP method is used, so that the company can meet the demand of every DC so that there is no shortage of products and the production process continues to run without the company experiencing losses. In addition, with the use of DRP method there will be additional stock so that if there is a defect, the company still has stock remaining so that it can still meet the customer demands for each DC and the product distribution process runs more regularly.
Immersive field experiences lead to higher-level learning and translational impacts on students

Internships in STEM disciplines, especially in fields related to conservation and sustainability, have become more widespread in recent years. Such experiences are thought to go beyond traditional classroom learning and are now required as part of the curriculum in many programs. However, benefits of such internships have largely been presumed up to this point. In this work, we developed and tested a research question asking if there is a gradient of learning that occurs across immersive educational experiences. These range from low-level immersion classroom learning to highly immersive field internships. We found that student learning increases as the level of immersion increases. Furthermore, our findings suggest that highly immersive internships lead to more translational outcomes. This is based on values and dispositional changes relevant to research that are absent in lower-level immersive experiences. These findings suggest that highly immersive internships are likely to be key foundational experiences that help undergraduate student stakeholders develop a set of knowledge, skills, and abilities that are critical to a translational workforce in conservation and sustainability.
A Mod Transfusion for Second-Year Algebra.

These recommendations were clearly adopted and extended by several influ ential curriculum development projects and subsequent commercial text series. Yet it is still very likely that secondary school students view mathematics as a bag of complicated tricks and cookbook procedures for solving contrived problems. Furthermore, initial teacher enthusiasm for structure seems waning as we encoun ter class after class of young people with no capacity for interest in rigorous proof that
Knowledge is Power: The Moderating Effect of Product Knowledge: An Abstract

Although high pressure sales tactics are still sometimes applied by salespeople in the marketplace, most academics and marketers alike agree with Hartman (2005, p. 74) that “pressure is consistently an effective strategy for producing managerially undesirable consequences.” So, the study of consumer perceptions of sales pressure is vital to better understanding in what situations consumers feel pressured, in an effort to minimize such situations.
Digital Health Around Clinical High Risk and First-Episode Psychosis.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review aims to examine relapse definitions and risk factors in psychosis as well as the role of technology in relapse predictions and risk modeling. RECENT FINDINGS There is currently no standard definition for relapse. Therefore, there is a need for data models that can account for the variety of factors involved in defining relapse. Smartphones have the ability to capture real-time, moment-to-moment assessment symptomology and behaviors via their variety of sensors and have high potential to be used to create prediction and risk modeling. While there is still a need for further research on how technology can predict and model relapse, there are simple ways to begin incorporating technology for relapse prediction in clinical care.
Abstract IA-06: Heterotypic 3D bioprinted tissues to study pancreatic cancer

Crosstalk between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment contributes critically to tumor initiation, tumor progression, and therapeutic response. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is composed of multiple cell types (e.g. fibroblast, vascular, and immune cells) that are temporally and spatially dynamic. Stromal cells in the TME respond not only to the growing tumor cells, but are also affected by concurrent changes in the accessibility and composition of the extracellular matrix (ECM), signaling molecules, nutrients and oxygen. Together, the interactions of tumor cells and stromal cells regulates the tumor phenotype and, ultimately, affects patient outcomes. As more is understood about the dynamic relationship of multiple cell types in the tumor microenvironment, it has become clear that better models of human cancer are needed. In order to understand the impact of heterotypic crosstalk on tumor behaviors such as initiation, progression, and response to therapies, we recently developed heterotypic, scaffold-free tissue models of advanced cancer using an extrusion-based bioprinter system. Multiple cell types including cancer cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and immune cells can be incorporated into bioprinted tissues with defined spatial architecture, and the system is compatible with patient-derived cells. Within these structures, cells exhibit a tissue-like cellular density, deposit ECM, and self-organize to form complex structures, as illustrated by formation of nascent endothelial networks. Cell intrinsic, extrinsic, and spatial phenotypes, including cell survival, cell proliferation, differentiation state, ECM deposition, and cellular migration, can be assessed within these tissues following exposure to extrinsic signals or therapies. Our current work is focused in three main areas. First, we aim to understand the signaling between tumor and stromal cell types in early cancer development that contributes to malignant progression. Second, we are working to understand the influence of fibroblast heterogeneity on tumor cell phenotypes, using genetic or non-genetic perturbagens to alter fibroblast activation. Finally, we are building tissues comprising patient-derived cells to understand how the microenvironment influences therapeutic response. Together, our work demonstrates that bioprinted tumor tissues recapitulate many aspects of in vivo neoplastic tissues, and provides a manipulable model system to interrogate molecular mechanisms of tumor development, progression, and treatment response. Citation Format: Ellen M Langer, Brittany L Allen-Petersen, Isabel A English, Jason M Link, Rosalie C Sears. Heterotypic 3D bioprinted tissues to study pancreatic cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer; 2020 Sep 29-30. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(22 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-06.
A Personal Encounter with Deceit

Many, if not most, suicides take place in a setting of impaired communication and, not infrequently gross deceit. Deception in this circumstance reflects both pragmatic concerns (i.e., revealing a suicidal plan typically impedes its execution) and the state of interpersonal isolation that often characterizes the suicidal mindset. At the same time, some suicidal individuals intentionally or unintentionally give cues regarding their intent. The Delphic comments of a seemingly well-adjusted middle-aged man, immediately prior to his suicide, illustrate a lost opportunity to communicate that launched the author on a lifelong study of deception in psychotherapy.