cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The DECnet Internet

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an overview of the DECnet Internet. DECnet Internet is the name given to a worldwide collection of autonomous but cooperatively managed regional, national, and international networks based on Digital Equipment Corporation's DECnet protocols, which share an address space. The core networks of the DECnet Internet include the U.S. Space Physics Analysis Network (US-SPAN), the European Space Physics Analysis Network (E-SPAN), the European High Energy Physics Network (E-HEPnet), and the DECnet portion of the Energy Science Network. Research into the DECnet protocol suite turned up several methods for allowing intercommunication among multiple DECnet networks with conflicting address spaces. There are currently two methods of communicating among hosts in different address spaces. The traditional technique, called poor man's routing (PMR), relies upon the use of one or more intermediate gateway nodes. The second method, an address translation gateway, removes the requirement of using PMR. The function of the DECnet Internet is based on the Digital Network Architecture (DNA) Phase IV protocol suite. At the network layer, DNA Phase IV specifies a connectionless service, implemented over Ethernet Version 2.0, DDCMP for synchronous and asynchronous serial communication, and X.25 using a technique called data link mapping.
Alternative value elicitation formats in contingent valuation: Mechanism design and convergent validity

Abstract To date, much of the theoretical work on the incentive properties of contingent valuation surveys has focused on the oft-recommended single binary choice (SBC), referendum format. This work has identified conditions under which an SBC elicitation is incentive compatible, and empirical evidence lends support to the predictive power of the theory. Nevertheless, researchers and practitioners commonly use alternative elicitation formats, and defend their design choices based on efficiency and other criteria. In this study, we demonstrate that it is possible to identify conditions under which alternative elicitation formats are incentive compatible, using as examples open ended (OE) and payment card (PC) question formats. We then implement theory-informed value elicitations in the context of a flood control policy for New York City. We fail to reject convergent validity in mean willingness to pay when comparing the theory-driven OE format with SBC, but reject convergent validity between the theory-driven PC and SBC formats. As an informative counterfactual, we find that a “standard” OE elicitation congruent with prior work leads to significantly lower values and a lower proportion of respondents who view the elicitation as consequential.
Outcomes in patients with portal hypertension undergoing gastrointestinal surgery: A propensity score matched analysis from the NSQIP dataset.

Abstract Background/Aim We aim to study the impact of PH in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery (GI). Methods We queried the ACS-NSQIP database from 2005 through 2010 for patients undergoing GI surgery with PH. Esophageal varices (EV) diagnosis was used as a surrogate of PH. Results A total of 192,296 patients underwent GI surgery, of which 379 had PH. Regression analyses revealed that patients with PH had a 6-fold (95% CI 4.6–7.9) increase in 30-day mortality, a 3-fold (95% CI 2.5–3.7) increase in morbidity, a 3.2-fold (95% CI 2.6–3.9) increase in critical care complications (CCC), and a 6.5-day (95% CI 5.1–7.8) increase in hospital LOS. After PSM, the impact of PH on the outcomes remained. These differences were significant regardless of the emergent or elective status of the procedure. AUC analysis demonstrated that MELD and MELDNa + score greater than 10.5 was the most predictive of peri-operative mortality in elective PH cases. Conclusions PH is associated with an increased risk of poor surgical outcomes in patients undergoing elective and emergent gastrointestinal surgery.
The Genesis of Postmodern Disinformatics [Out of Band]

Reports on the topic of adversarial journalism. Contends that while misinformation has always been a political tactic, in the last half-century it has been weaponized.
Making a Difference in Criminology: Past, Present, and Future

Over the past century, criminology has evolved as both an applied and increasingly recognized scientific discipline. Although criminology has experienced a number of ideological shifts in focus, the discipline is now poised to effectively combine both of its purposes, namely the ongoing search for the causes of crime and advancing the use of empirical research in policy and practice decisions. One of the most promising best practices in this simultaneous pursuit is researcher and policymaker/practitioner partnerships. This paper traces the “making a difference” movement in criminology since 2000. It begins with an assessment of the rise of and resistance to the making a difference movement, followed by a discussion of some of the challenges and prospects for criminologists in their efforts to apply research to policy and practice through researcher and policymaker/practitioner partnerships. The paper concludes with discussion of the future potential of researcher and policymaker/practitioner partnerships in successfully confronting our major crime and criminal justice system challenges.
Tectonics of Regional Metamorphic Belts

From the viewpoint of plate tectonics, most or all of the regional metamorphic belts of Phanerozoic time and possibly also of the Precambrian appear to have formed in the following three tectonic settings (Miyashiro, 1912b).
Neighborhood Effects on Crime in San Francisco: An Examination of Residential, Nonresidential, and “Mixed” Land Uses

Communities and crime research presumes that purely nonresidential land uses are associated with more crime, whereas purely residential land use is associated with less crime. However, few studies ...
Health, Wellness, and Well-Being of a Non-Traditional Occupational Therapy Student: A Case Study

This qualitative, instrumental case study describes the health, wellness, and well-being of a nontraditional entry-level occupational therapy doctoral student. Data were collected through a semi-st...
Exploring transgender adolescents’ body image concerns and disordered eating: Semi-structured interviews with nine gender minority youth

Transgender adolescents (TGAs) face many of the same sociocultural and biological influences on body dissatisfaction and disordered eating as cisgender peers. Additionally, TGAs experience unique body- and gender-related concerns. The purpose of this study is to explore the nuances of gender identity, gender transitioning, body image, and disordered eating among TGAs. Case summaries and a synthesis of key themes are presented from interviews with nine TGAs aged 16-20 (Mage = 17). All participants reported engaging in at least one behavior to change their weight or shape. Consistent with a theoretical biopsychosociocultural model we proposed, TGAs described body dissatisfaction and disordered eating related to transgender-specific factors (e.g., behaviors aimed at minimizing secondary sex characteristics) and broader developmental and sociocultural factors. Some participants reported improvements in body image and disordered eating following gender transition. The interviews highlight complex associations among gender identity, gender transitioning, body image, and disordered eating during adolescence, suggesting that disentangling transgender-specific factors from other individual factors is difficult. These findings may guide future research on the prevalence and functions of disordered eating among TGAs and point to a unique set of needs for effective detection and treatment of concurrent gender incongruence, body dissatisfaction, and disordered eating.
Public Nuisance as Modern Business Tort: A New Unified Framework for Liability for Economic Harms

This Article focuses on public nuisance’s innovative use as a means of recovering purely financial losses between non-contracting parties (i.e., “strangers”), in particular where the economic loss rule potentially bars recovery. The Article proposes a new approach to reconciling the torts of negligence and public nuisance, centered on the “channeling” or enforcement rationale: namely, deputizing a class of significantly impacted individuals or entities who can sue to force the tortfeasor to internalize the social costs of its activities. Where the prospect of physical bodily injuries and property damage is attenuated, this cost-internalization function is especially important to deter excessively risky conduct likely to lead to significant financial losses. Moreover, the calculus may be shifting in an age of global financial crises, escalation of digital and informational harms, and growing sense that the societal harms of the 21st century involve risky conduct leading to purely financial harms. Where there are diffuse, widespread harms raising concomitant concerns of under- and over-deterrence, a new “channeling” paradigm is necessary to guide courts in fashioning the metes and bounds of public nuisance as the quintessentially modern business tort of the 21st century.
Uterine natural killer cell biology and role in early pregnancy establishment and outcomes

Objective While immune cells were originally thought to only play a role in maternal tolerance of the semiallogenic fetus, an active role in pregnancy establishment is becoming increasingly apparent. Uterine natural killer (uNK) cells are of specific interest because of their cyclic increase in number during the window of implantation. As a distinct entity from their peripheral blood counterparts, understanding the biology and function of uNK cells will provide the framework for understanding their role in early pregnancy establishment and adverse pregnancy outcomes. Evidence Review This review discusses unique uNK cell characteristics and presents clinical implications resulting from their dysfunction. We also systematically present existing knowledge about uNK cell function in three processes critical for successful human embryo implantation and placentation: stromal cell decidualization, spiral artery remodeling, and extravillous trophoblast invasion. Finally, we review the features of uNK cells that could help guide future investigations. Results It is clear the uNK cells are intimately involved in multiple facets of early pregnancy. This is accomplished directly, through the secretion of factors that regulate stromal cells and trophoblast function; and indirectly ,via interaction with other maternal cell types present at the maternal-fetal interface. Current work also suggests that uNK cells are a heterogenous population, with subsets that potentially accomplish different functions. Conclusion Establishment of pregnancy through successful embryo implantation and placentation requires crosstalk between multiple maternal cell types and invading fetal trophoblast cells. Defects in this process have been associated with multiple adverse perinatal outcomes including hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, placenta accreta, and recurrent miscarriage though the mechanism underlying development of these defects remain unclear. Abnormalities in NK cell number and function which would disrupt physiological maternal-fetal crosstalk, could play a critical role in abnormal implantation and placentation. It is therefore imperative to dissect the unique physiological role of uNK cells in pregnancy and use this knowledge to inform clinical practice by determining how uNK cell dysfunction could lead to reproductive failure.
Advanced Non-Metallic Coatings and Composite Materials for O & G Industry

Materials used in the oil and gas industry are required to possess resilient properties to sustain operational challenges. These include high pressures and temperatures of the working fluids created by both reservoir depths and compressors combined with the inherent aggressive and corrosive components. Multiple solutions have been introduced to the industry to minimize corrosion probability in recent years. Utilizing external and internal tubular non-metallic coating as well as switching to the products entirely made of the non-metallic composites are the most commonly used and best performing solutions. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the advances of the most promising research and development activities in the area of protective coatings as well as non-metallic composite material products with real case studies in downhole applications. Special emphases are put on the most promising technological breakthroughs such as 3D printing with non-metallic composites containing nano-sized short fibers and continuous nanofibers, which could be potentially used in the fabrication of future downhole composite products. The breakthrough solutions in composite technologies such as self-healing systems, including capsule-based, fiber-based and vascular healing network, which are perfectly aligned with the 4th Industrial Revolution are also described.
COMBINED SKIMMER-BARRIER HIGH SEAS OIL RECOVERY SYSTEM

The development of an oil recovery system to be used in conjunction with the USCG's high seas oil containment barriers is described. The system was tested, and its recovery capability was good. It showed promise for better recovery when used on a large spill. Operational practicality was demonstrated in sea trials when the barrier was string towed, catenary towed, and moored in a tidal current.
Chronic Active Hepatitis Prognosis

The outline of this chapter will follow the format on the chapter on treatment so that sections can be easily compared. Therefore, I will try to avoid duplication of information and will proceed on the assumption that the reader will refer to the treatment chapter if questions concerning terminology arise. This chapter will contain only a limited number of references since only a portion of the natural history of many of these conditions is known and the natural history continues to evolve. Much of what is said here is based on personal experience and the biases which derive from it.
Relaxation Paths and Dynamics of β-apo-8′-carotenal: An Ultrafast Electronic and Vibrational Study

Results of infrared and visible transient absorption measurements following either two-photon excitation to the forbidden S1 state or one-photon excitation to the S2 state of the carotenoid β-apo-8′-carotenal are presented. This technique enables the study and comparison of subsequent structural dynamics with and without interference from higher states.
Stress Corrosion Crack Growth of Alloy 52M in Simulated PWR Primary Water

Crack-growth experiments have been performed on five different alloy 52M welds in simulated PWR primary water at 350°C or 360°C. The alloy 52M test matrix included V-groove and narrow-gap welds, an overlay on alloy 182, and an inlay on alloy 82. For the overlay and inlay materials, crack growth rates are reported only on the alloy 52M weld well beyond the dilution zone. In one of the narrow gap welds, the crack path was oriented to pass through a distribution of pre-existing weld cracks and their influence on stress-corrosion behavior is evaluated. Intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) is observed in several alloy 52M welds, however propagation rates remain below 5x10−9 mm/s in all cases. Comparisons will be made to our previous SCC measurements on alloy 152 and 52 welds.
A Theory of Tailorable Technology Design

Tailorable technologies are a class of information systems designed with the intention that users modify and redesign the technology in the context of use. Tailorable technologies support user goals, intentions, metaphor, and use patterns in the selection and integration of technology functions in the creation of new and unique information systems. We propose a theory of tailorable technology design and identify principles necessary for the initial design. Following a Kantian style of inquiry, we identified four definitional characteristics of tailorable technology: a dual design perspective, user engagement, recognizable environments, and component architectures. From these characteristics, we propose nine design principles that will support the phenomenon of tailoring. Through a year-long case study, we refined and evidenced the principles, finding found that designers of tailorable technologies build environments in which users can both interact and engage with the technology, supporting the proposed design principles. The findings highlight a distinction between a reflective environment, where users recognize and imagine uses for the technology, and an active environment in which users tailor the technology in accordance with the imagined uses. This research contributes to the clarification of the role of theory in design science, expands the concept of "possibilities for action" to IS design, and proposes a design theory of a class of information systems for testing and refinement.
“One-stitch” Canalicular Repair: A Simplified Approach for Repair of Canalicular Laceration

Abstract Background: It has been widely believed that direct microsurgical re-anastomosis of the canalicular epithelium is necessary for satisfactory repair of canalicular lacerations. However, because repair is carried out in conjunction with placement of an indwelling silicone stent, this stent should keep the canalicular edges adequately approximated without the need for suturing. The authors report their results in repairing canalicular lacerations using a single, fine, horizontal, mattress suture to re-approximate the overlying pericanalicular orbicularis muscle and eliminate direct microsurgical re-anastomosis of the canalicular epithelium. Methods: The authors retrospectively reviewed the charts of 67 patients who underwent repair of lacerated canaliculi with one-stitch re-approximation of the overlying orbicularis muscle in conjunction with bicanalicular silicone tube intubation. Stents were left in place for 3 months postoperatively and then removed. Probing across the lacerated portion of the canaliculus was carried out at the time of stent removal to ensure patency. Dye disappearance testing with 2% fluorescein and irrigation through the canaliculus then was performed 6 weeks to 3 months after stent removal. Results: Of the 67 patients, 59 were followed to stent removal. Probing with a 00 probe showed canalicular patency in all 59 patients. Irrigation resulted in reflux in two patients, indicating unrelated nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Of these 59 patients, 45 complied with scheduled follow-up 6 weeks to 3 months after stent removal. Dye disappearance testing using 2% fluorescein demonstrated delay in lacrimal outflow in 6 of the 45 patients. Only two patients had symptomatic epiphora, and in both patients there was an underlying nasolacrimal duct obstruction confirmed by irrigation. Conclusions: Simple re-approximation of the lacerated overlying soft tissue combined with bicanalicular silicone intubation proved highly successful in managing canalicular lacerations. Probing through the lacerated canaliculus demonstrated patency in 100% of the 59 patients followed to stent removal. Only 4% of patients had symptomatic epiphora postoperatively, and 13% demonstrated some delay in outflow with dye disappearance testing. This compares very favorably with previous reported series in which lacerated canaliculi were microsurgically re-anastomoed.
Cutting Edge: Mechanism of Enhancement of In Vivo Cytokine Effects by Anti-Cytokine Monoclonal Antibodies

Inhibitory anti-cytokine mAbs are used to treat cytokine-mediated disorders. Recently, however, S4B6, an anti-IL-2 mAb that blocks IL-2 binding to IL-2Ralpha, a receptor component that enhances affinity but is not required for signaling, was shown to enhance IL-2 agonist effects in vivo. We evaluated how S4B6 enhances IL-2 effects and whether a similar mechanism allows mAbs to IL-4 to enhance IL-4 effects. Induction of T cell proliferation by IL-2/S4B6 complexes did not require complex dissociation and was IL-2Ralpha independent. S4B6 increased IL-2 agonist effects by increasing in vivo half-life, not by focusing IL-2 onto cells through Fc receptors. In contrast to IL-2/S4B6 complexes, anti-IL-4 mAb enhancement of in vivo IL-4 effects required IL-4/anti-IL-4 mAb complex dissociation. Thus, agonist effects observed with high doses of anti-IL-2 mAb are most likely only applicable for mAbs that maintain cytokine half-life without blocking binding to receptor signaling components.
Trichotomy Results on the Complexity of Reasoning with Disjunctive Logic Programs

We present trichotomy results characterizing the complexity of reasoning with disjunctive logic programs. To this end, we introduce a certain definition schema for classes of programs based on a set of allowed arities of rules. We show that each such class of programs has a finite representation, and for each of the classes definable in the schema we characterize the complexity of the existence of an answer set problem. Next, we derive similar characterizations of the complexity of skeptical and credulous reasoning with disjunctive logic programs. Such results are of potential interest. On the one hand, they reveal some reasons responsible for the hardness of computing answer sets. On the other hand, they identify classes of problem instances, for which the problem is "easy" (in P) or "easier than in general" (in NP).
Abstract 4115: GS-19, a novel GSK inhibitor suppresses the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR/AKT/STAT-3 signaling

Pancreatic cancer remains the fourth leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Therefore, identification of novel strategies to control and treat pancreatic cancer is of great importance. GS-19 is a novel compound recently found to be a GSK inhibitor. In this study, we determined the anti-cancer effects of GS-19 in pancreatic cancer cells. GS-19 treatment inhibited the growth of Panc-1 and BxPC-3 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Both the cell lines treated with GS-19 exhibited G-1 cell cycle arrest as well as apoptosis. Western blot analysis of both BxPC-3 and Panc-1 cells treated with GS-19 inhibited the activation (phosphorylation) and expression of key survival signaling proteins such as EGFR, STAT3 and AKT. The apoptosis induced by GS-19 was associated with cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. Taken together, our results suggest that GS-19 suppress pancreatic cancer cell growth by inhibiting EGFR/AKT/STAT-3 signaling. However, further mechanistic studies are in progress to establish the role of EGFR/AKT/STAT-3 signaling in pancreatic cancer cells. [The studies in part were supported by R01 grant CA129038 awarded by NIH to S.K.S.] Citation Format: Alok Ranjan, Ashlee Birkenfeld, Jianyu Lu, Duy Hua, Sanjay K. Srivastava. GS-19, a novel GSK inhibitor suppresses the growth of pancreatic cancer cells by inhibiting EGFR/AKT/STAT-3 signaling. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4115. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4115
Return to Sender

They don't get the point, do they? As an author, I don't need law review editors telling me which standard literary forms and which standard English words they'll permit me to use. In Fear of Writing, I repeatedly showed that the Texas Law Review Manual on Style 2 prohibited standard English, even usages that have been standard for centuries. Experts have called some of its views superstitions, myths, fetishes, and folklore.3
Whos on First? Stakeholder Differences in Customer Relationship Management and the Elusive Notion of Shared Understanding

After first demonstrating that definitions of customer relationship management (CRM) vary widely, we build upon stakeholder and network theories and argue that there are two fundamental categories of participants in any CRM initiative: (1) “core” stakeholders (i.e., the firm selling its products or services as well as its customers), and (2) various “noncore” stakeholders (e.g., CRM consultants). We then develop a process-based framework and related propositions capturing the various stakeholders involved in a CRM initiative as well as several important mediating and moderating relationships yet to receive attention in the literature. Next, we highlight the specific frame of reference and inherent biases of each type of CRM stakeholder, with particular emphasis on how each attempts to sell its offerings, services, or wares. At the core of our framework is a little-commented-upon mediating construct that we label “Shared Understanding of CRM.” The paper next offers an additional, and perhaps more pragmatic...
Magnetic Moment of the Proton in H2O in Bohr Magnetons

We have measured the ratio of the electron g-factor in hydrogen to the proton g-factor in a spherical sample of H2O by comparing the electron spin frequency, as measured with a hydrogen maser, to the proton spin flip frequency, as measured by NMR. The result is gj(H)/gp = 658.216 0091(69) [10 parts per billion (ppb)] at a temperature of 34.7°C. This yields a value for the proton moment in Bohr magnetons of μp/μB = 0.001 520 992 983(17) (11 ppb). Our result differs from the best previous value by 150 ppb.
From General Equilibrium to Schumpeter

Abstract A simple model of cost innovation in a monetary economy is presented that illustrates the essentially dynamic model of Schumpeter involving breaking the circular flow of capital is logically consistent with the General Equilibrium (GE) model of an exchange and production economy. The GE model as presented by Arrow, Debreu and McKenzie is a non-process model; and the original theory deals with the non-constructive proofs of existence of competitive equilibria (CEs). To associate this theory with GE it is necessary to recast the basic model as a process model. The GE model is enlarged and specified as a playable game by adding rules to describe the mechanisms that carry process. Although we believe that GE was a great intellectual achievement, it strangled dynamics and the type of low dimensional equilibrium dynamics of the rational expectations school is profoundly misleading. It turns out that, by remodeling GE as a process model even with only one or two strategic moves, Pandora׳s Box of mechanisms appears and the functions of markets, money and default conditions all emerge as logical necessities. It is shown that the opportunity for process innovation can be described minimally and formally modeled by considering the availability of a new process as a function of a controlled stochastic variable where success depends on chance modified by the level of investment. The Schumpeterian concept of “breaking the circular flow of capital” appears naturally as a disequilibrium phenomenon where the extra resources are captured by a strategic disequilibrating allocation of money.
Synthesis of 35-40 mers of RNA oligomers from unblocked monomers. A simple approach to the RNA world.

RNA oligomers greater than 35–40 mers in length form in one day in the montmorillonite clay-catalyzed reaction of unblocked RNA monomers at 25 °C in aqueous solution.
An assessment of sex bias in neurodevelopmental disorders

Neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism and intellectual disability have a sex bias skewed towards boys; however, systematic assessment of this bias is complicated by the presence of significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity of these disorders. To assess the extent and characteristics of sex bias, we analyzed the frequency of comorbid features, the magnitude of genetic load, and the existence of family history within 32,155 individuals ascertained clinically for autism or intellectual disability/developmental delay (ID/DD), including a subset of 8,373 individuals carrying rare copy-number variants (CNVs). We find that girls were more likely than boys to show comorbid features within both autism (P = 2.9 × 10−6, OR = 1.34) and ID/DD (P = 7.2 × 10−4, OR = 1.08) cohorts. The frequency of comorbid features in ID/DD was higher in boys (1q21.1 deletion, 15q11.2q13.1 duplication) or girls (15q13.3 deletion, 16p11.2 deletion) carrying specific CNVs associated with variable expressivity while such differences were the smallest for syndromic CNVs (Smith-Magenis syndrome, DiGeorge syndrome). The extent of the male sex bias also varied according to the specific comorbid feature, being most extreme for autism with psychiatric comorbidities and least extreme for autism comorbid with epilepsy. The sex ratio was also specific to certain CNVs, from an 8:1 male:female ratio observed among autistic individuals carrying the 22q11.2 duplication to 1.3:1 male:female ratio in those carrying the 16p11.2 deletion. Girls carried a higher burden of large CNVs compared to boys for autism or ID/DD, and this difference diminished when severe comorbidities were considered. Affected boys showed a higher frequency of neuropsychiatric family histories such as autism (P = 0.01) or specific learning disability (P = 0.03), while affected girls showed a higher frequency of developmental family histories such as growth abnormalities (P = 0.02). The sex bias within neurodevelopmental disorders is influenced by the presence of specific comorbidities, specific CNVs, mutational burden, and pre-existing family history of neurodevelopmental phenotypes.
SEQUENTIAL BOND DISSOCIATION ENERGIES OF M+(NH3)X (X = 1-4) FOR M = TI-CU

The sequential bond dissociation energies (BDEs) for M+(NH3)x (x = 1−4) for M = Ti−Cu are determined by examining the collision-induced dissociation reactions with xenon in a guided ion beam mass spectrometer. In the cases of Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu, the BDE for the second ammonia molecule is determined to be greater than the BDE for the first ammonia molecule. For all metal ions but Ti+, the BDEs for the first two ammonia molecules are large in comparison to the BDEs for the third and fourth ammonia molecules. In general, the results of this study for the BDEs of the first and second ammonia molecules agree well with the results of previous experimental and theoretical studies. Previous studies are available only for M+(NH3)3 (M = V, Mn, Ni, and Cu) and M+(NH3)4 (M = V and Cu) complexes, such that this study provides the first determination of all other (NH3)2M+−NH3 and (NH3)3M+−NH3 BDEs. The trends in BDEs are discussed in terms of hybridization, dative interactions, and spin changes and compared to trends f...
Patriarchy, Property and Death in the Roman Family

1. Introduction: approaches to the history of the Roman family Part I. Roman Life Course and Kinship: Biology and Culture: 2. Roman patterns of death, marriage and birth 3. Simulations of Roman family and kinship Part II. Roman Family and Culture: Definitions and Norms: 4. Familia and domus: defining and representing the Roman family and household 5. Pietas and patria potestas: obligation and power in the Roman household 6. Whips and words: discipline and punishment in the Roman household Part III. The Devolution of Property in the Roman Family: 7. Strategies of succession in Roman families 8. Guardianship of Roman children 9. Dowries and daughters in Rome 10. Conclusion Bibliography Index.
A micromechanics approach to homogenizing elasto-viscoplastic heterogeneous materials

Abstract The variational asymptotic method for unit cell homogenization (VAMUCH) has emerged as a general-purpose micromechanics code capable of predicting the effective properties of heterogeneous materials and recovering the local fields. The objective of this paper is to propose a micromechanics approach enabling VAMUCH to homogenize elasto-viscoplastic heterogeneous materials. An affine formulation of the constitutive relations for an elasto-viscoplastic constituent, which exhibits viscoplastic anisotropy and combined isotropic–kinematic hardening, is derived. The weak form of the problem is derived using an asymptotic method, discretized using finite elements, and implemented into VAMUCH. The new features of VAMUCH are validated with examples such as homogenizing binary, fiber-reinforced, and particle-reinforced composites. VAMUCH is found to be capable of handling various microstructure, complex material models, complex loading conditions, and complex loading paths. More sophisticated material models can be implemented into it.
Multiphysics Modeling of Assembly Pressure Effects on Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Performance

The clamping pressure used in assembling a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell stack can have significant effects on the overall cell performance. The pressure causes stack deformation, particularly in the gas diffusion layer (GDL), and impacts gas mass transfer and electrical contact resistance. Existing research for analyzing the assembly pressure effects is mostly experimental. This paper develops a sequential approach to study the pressure effects by combining the mechanical and electrochemical phenomena in fuel cells. The model integrates gas mass transfer analysis based on the deformed GDL geometry and modified parameters with the microscale electrical contact resistance analysis. The modeling results reveal that higher assembly pressure increases cell resistance to gas mass transfer, causes an uneven current density distribution, and reduces electrical contact resistance. These combined effects show that as the assembly pressure increases, the PEM fuel cell power output increases first to a maximum and then decreases over a wide range of pressures. An optimum assembly pressure is observed. The model is validated against published experimental data with good agreements. This study provides a basis for determining the assembly pressure required for optimizing PEM fuel cell performance. DOI: 10.1115/1.3081426
Rheology measurements of a biomass slurry: an inter-laboratory study

The conversion of biomass, specifically lignocellulosic biomass, into fuels and chemicals has recently gained national attention as an alternative to the use of fossil fuels. Increasing the concentration of the biomass solids during biochemical conversion has a large potential to reduce production costs. These concentrated biomass slurries have highly viscous, non-Newtonian behavior that poses several technical challenges to the conversion process. A collaborative effort to measure the rheology of a biomass slurry at four separate laboratories has been undertaken. A comprehensive set of rheological properties were measured using several different rheometers, flow geometries, and experimental methods. The tendency for settling, water evaporation, and wall slip required special care when performing the experiments. The rheological properties were measured at different concentrations up to 30% insoluble solids by mass. The slurry was found to be strongly shear-thinning, to be viscoelastic, and to have a significant concentration-dependent yield stress. The elastic modulus was found to be almost an order of magnitude larger than the loss modulus and weakly dependent on frequency. The techniques and results of this work will be useful to characterize other biomass slurries and in the design of biochemical conversion processing steps that operate at high solids concentrations.
Physicians' Attitudes Toward and Knowledge of Child Care

A questionnaire designed to elicit information about training in child-care issues, frequency of discussion during office visits, and attitudes regarding specific medical and developmental issues of child care was sent to randomly chosen board-certified family practitioners and pediatricians in District 3 of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Among respondents, 39% said they felt uncomfortable discussing child-care issues and 85% felt that their training in this area was inadequate. Forty-three percent reported rarely or never discussing child care during an initial visit. More formal training is needed to address issues of child care.
Management of technology in the service sector: Practices in the banking industry

Abstract How is technology managed in the service industries? Should we think about technology in the services differently than we do in the goods-producing sector, or are the underlying principles and relationships similar? This paper explores these questions in the context of the US banking industry. The authors interviewed executives from half of the twenty eight largest banks in the country. The results suggest one striking difference between technology management in the two sectors, and many similarities.
Vision navigator for free-flying robots

A vision technique applicable to the sixth degree-of-freedom navigation of free-flying space robots is discussed. The technique consist of a feature finder which matches points in the environment with image locations and a recursive estimator based on the extended Kalman filter which uses measurements of the image locations to update the state estimate recursively. Experimental results are presented which demonstrate the convergence and state tracking properties of the system. Results include the finding that a vision navigator can be implemented with current off-the-shelf equipment if a sufficiently simple object in the environment acts as the navigation target.
Quasiparticle excitations, the relaxation, and transport properties in the narrow-band region of the Hubbard model

Assuming that, in the narrow-band region, the exact Green's function of the Hubbard model essentially retains the two-peak structure proposed by Hubbard, we derive its consequences as rigorously as possible. When a quasielectron is added to the ground state of $N$ electrons in the narrow-band region of the Hubbard model, the whole system is shown to relax due to the strong interaction $I$, thus yielding a relaxation energy $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ between the quasielectron and the original $N$ electrons. This explains the conclusion in the preceding paper that a gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ analogous to the energy gap in superconductivity appears between the quasielectron spectrum and the chemical potential for any occupation $n$ regardless of whether the lower band is exactly filled or not and that the system cannot be a normal metal. We further found that the ground state is, in fact, a bound state, and electrons involved do not obey the Landau theory of quasiparticles. However, the electron Green's function describes the motion of an electron added to this $N$-electron ground state without the relaxation of the original $N$ electrons, and hence this added electron behaves exactly like a Landau quasiparticle and can be represented by the quasiparticle operator ${\mathrm{A}}_{k\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{\ifmmode\dagger\else\textdagger\fi{}}$ introduced by Luttinger and Nozi\`eres. Only if the original $N$ electrons are allowed to relax is the energy of the system reduced by $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$, yielding the energy gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$. When a quasielectron is removed from the system of $N+1$ electrons, the same relaxation energy $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ is removed, and again the gap $\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ is introduced between the chemical potential $\ensuremath{\mu}$ and the quasihole spectrum, thus creating a gap $2\ensuremath{\Delta}E$ between the quasielectron and quasihole spectra for any occupation $n$. The Fermi level, lying at the center of the gap, never intersects the quasiparticle spectra and therefore, Luttinger's theorem that the volume within the Fermi surface is independent of interactions and equal to the value in the noninteracting limit does not apply to the Hubbard model in the narrow-band region. However, this conclusion does not immediately imply that the system is an insulator. Instead, it is shown that a current-carrying state analogous to the condensate state found by Fr\"ohlich appears under certain conditions. When the number of electrons $N$ is nearly or exactly equal to the number of atoms ${N}_{a}$, quasiparticlelike behavior disappears completely, making the system insulating. The only exception is the pathological limit $I=\ensuremath{\infty}$, where a metallic state with a Fermi volume twice that in the noninteracting limit is found.
Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving states.

Environmental stimuli associated with cocaine are known to elicit drug craving and increase the likelihood of relapse. However, the psychobiological changes that occur with exposure to these stimuli and in episodes of drug craving are not well understood. This study examined the response of brain stress circuits to environmental stimuli that are known to increase cocaine craving in cocaine dependent individuals. Fifty-four treatment seeking cocaine dependent individuals, who were admitted to an inpatient treatment research unit for 2–4 weeks, participated in three laboratory sessions. Subjects were exposed to a brief 5-min guided imagery procedure that involved imagining a recent personal stressful situation, a drug-related situation and a neutral-relaxing situation, one imagery per session presented in random order. Subjective ratings of craving and anxiety, cardiovascular measures, and plasma levels of adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH), cortisol, prolactin, norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (EPI) were assessed. Exposure to stress and to drug cues each resulted in significant increases in cocaine craving and subjective anxiety, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure, ACTH, cortisol, prolactin and NE as compared to the response to neutral imagery. In addition, stress imagery also increased diastolic blood pressure and plasma EPI as compared to responses to the drug cue imagery and neutral-relaxing imagery. The findings indicate a significant activation of the CRF-HPA axis and noradrenergic/sympatho-adreno-medullary (SAM) system response during stress-induced and drug cue induced cocaine craving states in cocaine dependent individuals. The role of stress system activation in cocaine craving and in cocaine use is discussed.
Reflection and transmission of electrons through surface potential barriers

Abstract A numerical treatment has been made of the reflection properties of several 1-dimensional surface potential barrier models. Curves of reflection coefficient versus energy have been obtained for the classical image barrier, the modified or corrected image barrier and the Bardeen potential in both the zero and finite field cases. For zero field, the smoothly varying Bardeen potential yields smaller reflection except for energies close to zero. This result suggests that the presence of the discontinuous derivative in the potential function introduces spurious reflection. There is no appearance of the elastic scattering component found in low-energy electron diffraction for any of the 1-dimensional models investigated. With fields, the curves are qualitatively similar except near the barrier maximum. However, for incident energies above the barrier, the image and modified image are larger in magnitude than the Bardeen model. The present treatment is compared with a recent numerical computation of the periodic deviations in the Schottky effect.
Gamma radiation from 71Zn and 71mZn

Abstract Gamma-ray spectra from the decay of the 71Zn isomeric pair were studied using a lithium-drifted germanium detector. The sources were produced from enriched zinc targets. The decay of the 4.0±0.1 h 71 Zh isomer gave rise to gamma rays of 122, 143, 387, 488, 512, 596, 620, 752, 772, 963, 987, 1008, 1107 and 1475 keV. The gamma-ray spectrum from the 2.5 min 71Zn isomer, which was investigated only up to an energy of ≈ 650 keV, showed a very strong 512 keV transition. Two weak transitions of approximately 122 and 390 keV were also detected. The experimental results are summarized in a tentative decay scheme. The well-established levels in 71Ga are at 512, 1108 and 1495 keV. The half-life of the 1495 keV level in 71Ga, measured by the delayed coincidence method, was found to be (1.54±0.15) × 10−10 sec.
Growth hormone and low dose estrogen in Turner syndrome: results of a United States multi-center trial to near-final height.

A cardinal clinical feature of Turner syndrome (TS) is linear growth failure resulting in extreme short stature: the median adult height of untreated women with TS is 143 cm, 20 cm (8 in.) below that of the general female population. In the largest multicenter, randomized, long-term, dose-response study conducted in the United States, 232 subjects with TS received either 0.27 or 0.36 mg/kg·wk of recombinant human GH with either low dose ethinyl E2 or oral placebo. The study was placebo-controlled for both GH and estrogen for the first 18 months and remained placebo-controlled for estrogen for its duration. The near-final height of the 99 subjects whose bone age was at least 14 yr was 148.7 ± 6.1 cm after 5.5 ± 1.8 yr of GH started at a mean age of 10.9 ± 2.3 yr; this represents an average increase of 1.3 ± 0.6 sd scores from baseline (TS standard). Height was greater than 152.4 cm (60 in.) in 29% of subjects compared with the expected 5% of untreated patients. Mean near-final heights of subjects who recei...
SAMPLES: Self Adaptive Mining of Persistent LExical Snippets for Classifying Mobile Application Traffic

We present SAMPLES: Self Adaptive Mining of Persistent LExical Snippets; a systematic framework for classifying network traffic generated by mobile applications. SAMPLES constructs conjunctive rules, in an automated fashion, through a supervised methodology over a set of labeled flows (the training set). Each conjunctive rule corresponds to the lexical context, associated with an application identifier found in a snippet of the HTTP header, and is defined by: (a) the identifier type, (b) the HTTP header-field it occurs in, and (c) the prefix/suffix surrounding its occurrence. Subsequently, these conjunctive rules undergo an aggregate-and-validate step for improving accuracy and determining a priority order. The refined rule-set is then loaded into an application-identification engine where it operates at a per flow granularity, in an extract-and-lookup paradigm, to identify the application responsible for a given flow. Thus, SAMPLES can facilitate important network measurement and management tasks --- e.g. behavioral profiling [29], application-level firewalls [21,22] etc. --- which require a more detailed view of the underlying traffic than that afforded by traditional protocol/port based methods. We evaluate SAMPLES on a test set comprising 15 million flows (approx.) generated by over 700 K applications from the Android, iOS and Nokia market-places. SAMPLES successfully identifies over 90% of these applications with 99% accuracy on an average. This, in spite of the fact that fewer than 2% of the applications are required during the training phase, for each of the three market places. This is a testament to the universality and the scalability of our approach. We, therefore, expect SAMPLES to work with reasonable coverage and accuracy for other mobile platforms --- e.g. BlackBerry and Windows Mobile --- as well.