cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rekindling the discourse: Organization studies in community psychology

The dual aims of this article are to examine the research on organizations within community psychology and to explore the discourse around organization studies within the field. To that end, we turn to two questions first posed by Keys and Frank: “What does community psychology contribute to the study of organizations?” and “What does the study of organizations contribute to community psychology?” Through a content analysis of all organizational studies published in the American Journal of Community Psychology and Journal of Community Psychology from 1977 through the end of 2000, we found that organization constructs and theories are not widely utilized by community psychologists. When community psychologists did explore organizational issues the focus was on community psychology tenets such as social support, empowerment, stress and coping, and sense of community within organization contexts. The use of organization theory was found to be almost nonexistent. Although a bridge between the two fields is tentative at this point, we argue for a strengthening of the relationship between the fields. Community psychology can offer a focus on the well-being of people via conceptualization of the tenets of community psychology in organizational contexts. The organization studies literature can aid the community psychologist with its more recent focus on worker-oriented approaches, and with the macrooriented theory base of the field. Suggestions are offered to expand the boundaries of both fields. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Treatment of stage IIIB carcinoma of the cervix: improvement in local control by radium needles implant to supplement the dose to the parametrium.

From 1971 to 1974 at the University of Maryland Hospital a total of 53 cases Stage III B cancer of the cervix (FIGO) were treated by a technique consisting of total pelvis irradiation (4000–5000 rad/4–5 weeks) plus a boost to the affected parametrium up to 5500 rad/5 1/2 weeks followed by usual Fletcher-Suit intrauterine and vaginal radium. An overall absolute three year survival rate (NED) of 49% (26/53) was obtained. Local failure and especially parametrial failure was 51% (27/53). All local failure occurred within one year after the completion of the therapy. Further analysis showed that all local and parametrial failure cases at the time of radium insertion had evidence of residual disease in parametria as well as midline lesion under EUA. Because of the findings suggestive of inadequate radium dosage, a group of patients treated from 1975 to early 1976 who were diagnosed jointly by Gynecologic and Radiation Oncologists as Stage III B (FIGO) had a radium needle implant to the affected parametrium as a booster to the routine radium. Whole pelvis irradiation was given to 4000–5000 rad/4–5 weeks and pelvic wall boost to 5500 rad/5 1/2 weeks as usual prior to radium therapy. 18 cases of Stage IIIB cervical CA. were treated by radium needles implant in conjunction with protruding tandem and have had a careful follow-up ranging from 15 months to 36 months. Fourteen of 18 cases treated in this fashion showed a complete disappearance of the neoplastic disease (14/18 = 78%). One case was lost to follow-up and three cases showed local failure within 6 months after therapy (4/18 = 22%). Technique and dosimetry with less than expected complications will be discussed in detail.
Depression and attributions in children and adolescents: A meta-analytic review

This article presents a meta-analytic review of the association between attributional styles and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents. In 28 studies involving 7500 subjects, the correlations were consistent with those predicted by the reformulated learned helplessness model of depression. For negative outcomes, attributions along the internal, stable, and global dimensions were associated positively with depression. Conversely, higher levels of depressive symptoms were related to more external, unstable, and specific attributions for positive events. Additionally, overall composite maladaptive attributional patterns for positive and negative events were correlated with higher levels of depressive symptoms in youth. Effect sizes for these associations ranged from moderate to large (Cohen, 1977). Findings from the significance tests of the combined results support the theory. A large number of unretrieved studies revealing null effects would be needed to invalidate these findings.
Personifications of Personal and Typical Death as Related to Death Attitudes

The present article examined differences in personifications of personal and typical death as a function of attitudes about death. Ninety-eight students enrolled in psychology classes were randomly...
Serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine concentrations during iodide treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Serum thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were measured at frequent intervals in 9 hyperthyroid patients treated with iodide alone. Serum T4 and T3 levels fell initially in all patients. In 6 patients, after a mean fall in serum T4 of 46% and in serum T3 of 47% after 4 to 11 days of therapy, thyroid hormone levels began to rise. In the 3 remaining patients a rise in thyroid hormone levels was not seen following the initial fall. However, in one of this group T4 and T3 levels did not reach the normal range despite 60 days of therapy. These data support the concept that iodide alone is not an ideal agent for the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
Antenna Beam-Shape Factor in Scanning Radars

The method by which the antenna beam-shape factor is taken into account in scanning radars has been reexamined. The ``conventional'' method is shown to give results within ±0.25 dB of the ``correct'' results, which provides ample justification of its use over the past years. However, by basing the procedure on the assumption of a properly matched postdetection integrator, and leaving the question of nonoptimum postdetection integration to be treated as a separate problem, somewhat more accurate results can be obtained. This study has also called attention to the fact that a mismatched postdetection integrator results in only half the degradation in performance that a corresponding predetection mismatch would cause.
Experimental demonstration of spectrally encoded optical CDMA systems using Mach-Zehnder encoder chains

Summary form only given. Recently, there has been tremendous interest in applying spread spectrum and code division multiple access (CDMA) techniques in optical fiber communication systems. Contrary to radio CDMA systems, which employs electric-field encoding and correlation to achieve orthogonality, most of the optical communication systems use intensity modulation and direct detection. To achieve true orthogonality in optical CDMA systems, the balanced detection scheme and spectral intensity coding need to be used. We shows the block diagram of the bipolar spectrally encoded CDMA system. The transmitter consists of a pair of broadband optical sources connected in a balanced fashion. The input data differentially modulate the intensity of the two balanced sources.
Partial characterization of the age-related stabilizing factor of post-mature human collagen--I. By the use of bacterial collagenase.

Abstract A stabilizing factor that causes resistance to digestion becomes increasingly important in collagen of post-mature individuals as they age. This is demonstrated with paired diaphragm tendon and the dura mater from single individuals. The factor is rapidly and irreversibly lost when purified collagen is heated to70°C. Contact with 70% formic acid quickly abolished any detectable age differences, yet strong acids and bases did not disrupt the stabilizing factor. Treatment with cyanogen bromide in 70% formic acid at 30°C failed to solubilize the collagen even when samples were first heated to 100°C in the presence of 0·01 M sodium hydroxide. Other treatments, including exposure to sodium borohydride or glycosidases, had no detectable effect on teh stabilizing factor. Increasing calcium concentration enhanced the rate of enzymatic digestion when using bacterial collagenase. Below 0·5 M calcium, age differences are readily observed with collagenase, but the differences are lost at higher concentrations. The age differences are regained when the calcium ion concentration is reduced. This rapid reversal in contrast to the irreversible loss of the age difference caused by 70% formic acid treatment or collagen denaturants. These two latter treatments may not abolish the stabilization factor but could instead modify the collagen structure to the point where it can no longer retard the rate of collagenase digestion.
The impact of multidrug resistance on outcomes in ventilator-associated pneumonia

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms in ventilator-associated pneumonia were found in 49 of 107 patients and were associated with home antibiotics, pre-ventilator-associated pneumonia hospital stay, and health care exposure. Overall, MDR organisms were associated with increased mortality ( P = .006). On multivariate analysis, MDR status was modulated by organism class. In nonfermenting gram-negative rods, no association between MDR and mortality was found, but, in all other organisms, MDR was associated with increased mortality risk (hazard ratio, 6.15; 95% confidence interval: 1.80-21.05, P = .004).
Incidence and predictors of target vessel revascularization following percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty: a report from the national heart, lung, and blood institute percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty registry

Abstract We sought to determine the rate of target vessel revascularization (TVR) after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and to determine factors that predispose to its occurrence. The 10-year outcome of 2,262 patients in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute PTCA Registry was analyzed to determine the incidence and characterize predictors of TVR. TVR was performed in 30.4% of patients. Male gender (relative risk [RR] 1.26; p 1 year) in 12.2%. Age ≥65 years (RR 1.24; p
Leaf temperatures in controlled environments

The extent to which our results can be explained by assuming that the leaf is a purely physical body, showing virtually no physiological changes in response to changing environment, is rather impressive. Two results seemed, at first glance, to be exceptions to this conclusion: the temperature of irradiated leaves rose less above air temperature when the air temperature was highest; and transpiration of irradiated leaves decreased steeply with increasing wind velocity. The analysis of these results indicated, however, that even these reactions were primarily physical. Physiological adaptations became apparent only at unnaturally high radiation intensities and at high wind velocities. The correlation between leaf-air-temperature difference and transpiration can also be explained on a purely physical basis. In the one exception (Fig. 5) more than one environmental variable changed, and the failure of correlation might be expected on theoretical grounds. The relatively minor importance of convection as a mechanism of heat transfer as revealed by calculation of the energy budget (Table 4) is also of interest, as is the strong response of plant temperature to light quality (Fig. 7).
Mutant cell lines resistant to azetidine carboxylic acid: Quantitative and qualitative differences in pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase activity

Abstract Mutant Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts were selected that are resistant to the proline analog L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. Resistance in the two mutant cell lines is associated with two distinct alterations in pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase, the enzyme that catalyzes the proline biosynthetic step leading from glutamic acid to pyrroline-5-carboxylate. In one mutant cell line, pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase specific activity is increased 30-fold over the level in control cells. In the other mutant line, pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase activity is not increased, but the enzyme has become insensitive to inhibition by ornithine and proline.
Bayesian designs to account for patient heterogeneity in phase II clinical trials.

Purpose of reviewBetween-patient heterogeneity is very common in clinical trials. This complicates treatment evaluation, due to known prognostic subgroup effects or potential treatment–subgroup interactions. We review two Bayesian phase II clinical trial designs that account explicitly for patient h
Survey of Health and Use Characterization of Pesticide Appliers in Minnesota

Abstract We surveyed 1 000 randomly selected state-licensed pesticide appliers to improve our understanding of pesticide use and its potential health effects. Participants were stratified by pesticide class (herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, fumigants) to determine potential differences in health characteristics among different pesticide groups. A subset of 60 applicators, divided by pesticide class used, were studied for exposure-related cholinesterase (ChE) depression. ChE depression in excess of 20% was most frequent in fumigant applicators who did enclosed-space application, in addition to other pesticide application procedures (p < .05). Survey data demonstrated that the prevalence of all common chronic diseases considered together was significantly increased (p = .015) in fumigant appliers, compared with all other pesticide use groups. The frequency of chronic lung disease was also significantly increased in the fumigant applier group (p = .027). Curiously, two cases of a rare hematopoietic neop...
Is “Maturing out” of Problematic Alcohol Involvement Related to Personality Change?

Problematic alcohol involvement typically peaks in the early 20s and declines with age. This maturing out of alcohol involvement is usually attributed to individuals attaining adult statuses incompatible with heavy drinking. Nevertheless, little is known about how changes in problematic alcohol use during emerging/early adulthood relate to changes in etiologically relevant personality traits that also change during this period. This study examined the relation between changes in problematic alcohol involvement and personality (measures of impulsivity, neuroticism, and extraversion) from ages 18 to 35 in a cohort of college students (N = 489) at varying risk for alcohol use disorders. Latent growth models indicated that both normative and individual changes in alcohol involvement occur between ages 18 and 35 and that these changes are associated with changes in neuroticism and impulsivity. Moreover, marital and parental role statuses did not appear to be third-variable explanations of the associated changes in alcohol involvement and personality. Findings suggest that personality change may be an important mechanism in the maturing-out effect.
The meta-chlorophenylpiperazine challenge test in cocaine addicts: Hormonal and psychological responses

We report on the neuroendocrine and psychological responsivity of 31 cocaine addicts and 14 controls to the serotonergic agonist, meta-chlorophenylpiperazine (m-CPP) (0.5 mg/kg p.o.). Cocaine addicts were subdivided into subjects with aggressive tendencies and other features similar to those found in type 2 alcoholics and subjects without these features. Following m-CPP, aggressive and nonaggressive patients had a significantly blunted prolactin response compared to controls, but there was no difference between the two patient subgroups. There was no difference between the cortisol responses of nonaggressive patients and controls, but aggressive patients had a significantly blunted cortisol response compared to controls and nonaggressive patients. Both patient subgroups reported more intense “activation-euphoria” and “high” responses following m-CPP than controls. These results could indicate the existence of alterations along serotonergic pathways in cocaine addicts taken as a group. In addition, a subgroup of patients who could be described as type 2 cocaine addicts appear to be biologically dtfferent from healthy subjects and from other cocaine addicts as indicated by a greater cortisol blunting following m-CPP.
Lattice-Boltzmann modeling of sub-continuum energy transport in Silicon-on-Insulator microelectronics including phonon dispersion effects

Numerical simulations of time-dependent energy transport in semiconductor thin films are conducted by using the Lattice-Boltzmann method applied to phonon transport. The discrete Lattice-Boltzmann method is first derived from the continuous Boltzmann transport equation, where nonlinear phonon dispersion relations are used to find frequency-dependent phonon velocities for longitudinal acoustic phonons. A Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) transistor is modeled as a thin film of silicon, with a hotspot simulated by imposing a heat generation term in a localized region of the computational domain. Results indicate that a transition from diffusive to ballistic energy transport is found as the characteristic length of the thin film becomes comparable to the phonon mean free path. This transition is present in heat conduction in thin films as well as in the transient thermal response of SOI transistors. Steady-state temperature distributions are then used to calculate size-dependent thermal conductivity values in silicon thin films.
Deep trench terminations using ICP RIE for ideal breakdown voltages

Deep trench terminations (DTT) having no cylindrical and spherical junctions are proposed for high voltage power devices. The proposed junction terminations are implemented using ICP RIE in the edge area including scribe lane, and show near ideal breakdown voltages. The devices with deep trench terminations have higher breakdown voltages consuming much smaller junction termination area than the conventional devices with multiple field limiting rings at the same voltage and current ratings.
Induction of cytokine synthesis by flagella from gram-negative bacteria may be dependent on the activation or differentiation state of human monocytes.

ABSTRACT We have previously demonstrated that salmonellae, but notEscherichia coli or Yersinia enterocolitica, stimulates tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) production in the human promonocytic cell line U38. Subsequent analysis revealed that the TNFα-inducing activity of salmonellae was associated with flagellin, a major component of flagella from gram-negative bacteria. In the present study, we have explored the basis for the apparent specificity of action of Salmonella flagella on TNFα expression in U38 cells and have extended this analysis to normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Flagella from the enteropathogenicE. coli strain E2348/69, Y. enterocoliticaJB580, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1, which did not induce significant levels of TNFα production in U38 cells, were as potent as Salmonella flagella in terms of TNFα and interleukin 1β activation in PBMC. However, TNFα production in U38 cells was greatly enhanced when these cells were stimulated with flagella from E. coli, Y. enterocolitica, andP. aeruginosa in the presence of a costimulant, phorbol 13-myristate acetate. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that the activation or differentiation state of a monocyte may have a substantial effect on the cell’s responsiveness to flagellum stimulation of cytokine synthesis. Furthermore, these results indicate that cytokine induction in monocytes may be a general property of flagella from gram-negative bacteria.
Evaluating the “geographical awareness” of individuals: an exploratory analysis of twitter data

A major theme in the geographical studies of social media content such as tweets from Twitter is to extract the locations of content providers (e.g., Twitter users) in order to track their movements or activity patterns. This framework also has been used to detect the dispersion of ideas over space and time. Another theme is to assess how the interaction of these providers may vary between the physical and virtual spaces. However, few geographical studies have explored if social media content can be used to examine the relationship between the characteristics of content providers and their geographical knowledge at different spatial scales. We expected that in general, one's awareness of the local geography should be higher than that of places farther away. In this paper, we explored if such pattern of geographical awareness in the physical space is reflected in the social media content. We reported our detailed examinations of tweets from a set of individuals who have provided substantial information in ...
Electric field effects on kinetics of electron transfer reactions: connection between experiment and theory

Abstract The dependence of the rate constant for electron transfer on energy can be systematically studied by measuring kinetics in an applied electric field. General relationships are developed between observed electric-field-modulated kinetics and theoretical expressions for the electron transfer rate constant, including both the energy dependence of the nuclear (Franck—Condon) and superexchange electronic factors. The technique described here augments the well-known approach of using chemical substitution of donors and acceptors as a probe of the dependence of rate on energy.
Incidence and Timing of Activity Parameter Changes in Activity Responsive Pacing Systems

The incidence and timing of rate response parameter reprogramming in activity responsive pacing systems during the year after implantation was evaluated in two groups of patients: 24 patients in whom a VVI,R system was implanted (Activitrax, Medtronic, Inc.), and 21 patients in whom a DDD,R system was implanted (Synchrony, Siemens Pacesetter, Inc.). Activity parameter changes in Activitrax patients were made based on the presence of symptoms, while in Synchrony patients, changes were based on objective data obtained using a sensor indicated rate histogram with a slow and fast walk protocol. No significant difference in the incidence of activity parameter reprogramming was noted at various time intervals during the first year in Activitrax patients; in Synchrony patients a greater incidence of reprogramming changes was noted at the 1-month follow-up visit compared to later follow-up visits (P less than 0.02). Further, the incidence of changes at 1 month was greater for Synchrony compared to Activitrax patients (P less than 0.001), while no difference was detected between groups at subsequent follow-up intervals. Use of the slow and fast walk protocol, by permitting serial evaluation of sensor response, demonstrated alterations in sensor drive rates with similar levels of activity over the initial 4 to 6 postimplant weeks. This may result from postoperative changes at the pacemaker insertion site. Based on this experience, predischarge programming may not predict long-term rate response requirements. We recommend evaluation of sensor function using an exercise protocol performed at 4 to 6 postimplant weeks in all rate responsive pacing systems that utilize a piezoelectric crystal.
Public schools, private foods: Mexicano memories of culture and conflict in American school cafeterias

In this article I present and explore the school cafeteria childhood memories of four Mexicano (Mexican-origin) adults as illustrations of the importance of the school cafeteria as a complex public eating space for ethnic minority students. For students from non-dominant groups, the school lunchroom is more than just a place to eat lunch, it is a place where assimilative food pressures and peer relationships collide, forcing children to negotiate a home-school cultural divide through food and eating choices. The stories and memories of the adults considered here reflect the various ways they as Mexicano children balanced the social and class dynamics of the school lunch program and the potentially disparate food norms and dietary lessons of the school institution, those of their school peers, and those they knew from their own homes and communities. In addition, their stories had nutritional implications as well—specifically how school food served as a daily “American food” contact point for them as child...
Design of a highly reconfigurable interconnect for array processors

Different interconnection topologies have different desirable properties and different algorithms run best on different networks. If the network topology is reconfigurable, it can be tailored to suit the particular algorithm being executed. Reconfigurability of processor arrays is also important from fault-tolerance point of view. An array processor that is programmable by the user any number of times to yield a different topology or to isolate faults is envisaged in this paper. The system has a host or controller that broadcasts a command to the interconnect to configure itself into a particular fashion. The interconnect uses static-RAM programming technology and can be programmed to different configurations by sending a different set of bits to the configuration RAM in the interconnect. We present three designs reconfigurable into array, ring, mesh, or Illiac mesh topologies. The first design is reconfigurable to different topologies, but provides no redundancy or fault tolerance. The second and third designs are capable of graceful degradation by eliminating faulty elements.
Historical and Theoretical Development of Culturally Competent Social Work Practice

This article provides a detailed review of the historical and theoretical context in which culturally competent practice has evolved in the social work profession and enables educators and practitioners to see holistic connections between the past and present. Historical review of the inclusion of diversity content is followed by definitions of culture, cultural competence, and culturally competent practice. We then provide a synthesis of different frameworks currently being used for understanding the development of cultural competence in psychology and social work, and conclude with discussion and implications for social work education and practice.
6,12-Diphenyldibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine as an Electron-Capture Agent: Efficient Mechanistic Probe for SET Processes and Reagent for the Oxidative Dimerization of Benzylic Organometallics†

In the present study, 6,12-diphenyldibenzo[b,f][1,5]diazocine, which X-ray diffraction measurements have now shown to possess a tub-shaped, eight-membered central ring, has been treated with sodium or lithium metal at 25 °C in THF, in an attempt to form the planar, Huckel-aromatic dianion by the addition of two electrons to the central diazocine. Hydrolysis of such an aromatic dianion should have led to the isomeric 5,12- or 5,6-dihydro derivative of the original diazocine. In actuality, the only product obtained quantitatively upon hydrolytic workup was the interesting quadricyclic transannular reduction product, 4b,9b-diphenyl-4b,5,9b,10-tetrahydroindolo[3,2-b]indole, whose 3D structure has now been confirmed by X-ray crystallography and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Preferential SET transannular reduction of the diazocine to yield the quadricyclic indolo[3,2-b]indole dianion, rather than the planar, Huckel-aromatic anion, is ascribed to the transannular electronic stabilization operative in the tub-shaped diazocine radical-anion. The quantitative generation of the indolo[3,2-b]indole dianion can be employed for the oxidative dimerization of the organic groups in benzylic lithium reagents. Thus treating one equivalent of the diazocine with two equivalents of benzyllithium, benzhydryllithium, or trityllithium yields quantitatively bibenzyl, 1,1,2,2-tetraphenylethane, or (4-benzhydrylphenyl)triphenylmethane, respectively. This oxidative dimerization is potentially of practical preparative scope, since the hydrolysis byproduct, the indolo[3,2-b]indole, is conveniently reconverted into the starting diazocine reagent by oxidation with chromium trioxide in acetic acid. The formation of the indolo[3,2-b]indole as a byproduct in the carbometalation of the diazocine by various RLi and Grignard reagents offers a clue as to the SET mechanism of carbometalation.
Tribulations of stroke trials

The recent JNIS editorial, ‘The tribulations of stroke trials’,1 discusses three recent failed endovascular stroke treatment trials, including the Interventional Management of Stroke III (IMS III) trial. The authors assess the impact of these trials on patient treatment, as well as on future trials. However, some clarifications of the data presented and the statements made in that editorial regarding IMS III are needed. The authors are incorrect to suggest that large vessel occlusion (LVO) was the ‘index disease’ for IMS III. As stated clearly in the protocol and trial design, the index disease for the IMS III trial was major ischemic stroke, as defined by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), and the primary efficacy endpoint was a Rankin Scale score of 0–2 or functional independence at 90 days. Although the primary outcome of IMS III was not revascularization of LVO, the expectation was that endovascular therapy would revascularize those patients in the trial with LVO better than IV tissue plasminogen activator (tPA). IMS III was testing a paradigm for management, just as IMS I and II did before it. Virtually all IMS III subjects had the index disease of major ischemic stroke but not all were expected to have LVO at the time of angiography. The authors suggest a significant per cent of subjects would/should have been excluded by imaging methods other than non-contrast CT, referring again to subjects without a LVO. At no time in IMS III was CT angiography (CTA) required as an entry criterion in the trial, and the reason for this is straightforward. At the time of the trial design and initiation, a poll of participating centers indicated that approximately 20% performed CTA as part of local standard of practice, a low figure, which gave no assurance CTA should/could be used as an …
CATION EXCHANGE AND INDUCED ELECTRICAL POLARIZATION

A report has been made by Vacquier et al. (1957) on the detection of ground water by induced electrical polarization (I.P.). Direct current is introduced into the ground at two points for a short period of time. The current is then interrupted and a small induced voltage, which may take several minutes to decay, appears between another pair of electrodes. Vacquier suggested that the I.P. might be pictured as being due to local electrodialysis of the clay across semi‐permeable membranes formed by adjacent sand grains. When the current is shut off, the induced potential dies away as the exchangeable ions slowly redistribute themselves along the clay.
Breast cancer stem cells: initiating a new sort of thinking.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are currently a provocative and somewhat controversial topic among cancer researchers. CSCs, also referred to as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are cells within a tumor that are capable of self-renewal and of producing a new tumor with the heterogeneity that is
Electrochemical Corrosion Potential Models for Boiling-Water Reactor Applications

Abstract The electrochemical corrosion potential (ECP) of stainless steel (SS) was measured under simulated boiling-water reactor (BWR) coolant circuit conditions using a rotating cylinder electrod...
Conflict bargaining as a signal to third parties

Within the international system, states frequently fight even when opponents have little or nothing to offer them. Yet, international relations scholars envision conflict as a means for states to a...
Effective Quality of Service Differentiation for Real-world Storage Systems

Data storage is an integral part of IT infrastructures, where Quality of Service (QoS) differentiation amongst customers and their applications is essential for many. Achieving this objective in a production environment is nontrivial, because these environments are complex and dynamic. Numerous practical and engineering constraints render the task even more challenging. This paper presents SLED-2, a QoS differentiation solution that meets these challenges in offering effective protection to the performance of important workloads at the expense of less important workloads when needed. SLED-2 uses a customized feedback heuristic that rate-limits selected I/O streams. This approach is unique in that it accounts for a number of important practical considerations, including fine-grained controls, errors in storage systems models, and inexpensive and safe QoS management. SLED-2 has been implemented for the IBM DS8000 series storage servers and shown to be highly effective in a set of hostile and practical scenarios using test facilities for IBM storage products.
Impression Management in Organizations: Critical Questions, Answers, and Areas for Future Research

Over the past 30 years, researchers have devoted significant attention to understanding impression management in organizations. In this article, we review key questions that have been addressed in this area regarding definitions of impression management; types of impression management; impression management motivation; the effectiveness of ingratiation, self-promotion, and other tactics of impression management; personal factors associated with successful impression management; gender and impression management; cross-cultural implications of impression management; and the measurement of impression management. In doing so, we identify major themes and findings and highlight critical issues and unanswered questions. After reviewing these topics, we also discuss some practical implications for individuals and organizations. Finally, we conclude by outlining some broader avenues for inquiry that would help move this literature forward.
Virtual Reality Triage Training Provides a Viable Solution for Disaster‐preparedness

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2010; 17:870–876 © 2010 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine Abstract Objectives: The objective of this study was to compare the relative impact of two simulation-based methods for training emergency medicine (EM) residents in disaster triage using the Simple Triage and Rapid Treatment (START) algorithm, full-immersion virtual reality (VR), and standardized patient (SP) drill. Specifically, are there differences between the triage performances and posttest results of the two groups, and do both methods differentiate between learners of variable experience levels? Methods: Fifteen Postgraduate Year 1 (PGY1) to PGY4 EM residents were randomly assigned to two groups: VR or SP. In the VR group, the learners were effectively surrounded by a virtual mass disaster environment projected on four walls, ceiling, and floor and performed triage by interacting with virtual patients in avatar form. The second group performed likewise in a live disaster drill using SP victims. Setting and patient presentations were identical between the two modalities. Resident performance of triage during the drills and knowledge of the START triage algorithm pre/post drill completion were assessed. Analyses included descriptive statistics and measures of association (effect size). Results: The mean pretest scores were similar between the SP and VR groups. There were no significant differences between the triage performances of the VR and SP groups, but the data showed an effect in favor of the SP group performance on the posttest. Conclusions: Virtual reality can provide a feasible alternative for training EM personnel in mass disaster triage, comparing favorably to SP drills. Virtual reality provides flexible, consistent, on-demand training options, using a stable, repeatable platform essential for the development of assessment protocols and performance standards.
CRISIS OF BRAIN AND SELF

. Neuroscientific evidence requires a monistic understanding of brain/mind. Truly appropriating what this means confronts us with the vulnerability of the human condition. Ca-muss absurd and Tillich's despair are extreme expressions of a similar confrontation. This crisis demands a type of courage that is consistent with scientific truth and does not undermine the spiritual dimension of life. That dimension is not a separate substance but the process by which brain/mind meaningfully wrestles with its crisis through aesthetic symbols, religious faith, and ethical affirmation. The validity of these activities does not depend upon human autonomy but instead upon the fact that they exist. Furthermore, they constitute the self, which Dennett calls a “center of narrative gravity.”
A Geometric Morphometric Approach to Sex Determination of the Human Adult Os Coxa

Sex determination of the human skeleton is best assessed from the os coxa. The present study explored the possibility of using three-dimensional landmark coordinate data collected from various landmarks located over the entire bone to determine whether there were significant sex differences local to the landmarks. Thirty-six landmarks were digitized on 200 African American and European American male and female adult human os coxae. MANCOVA results show that sex and size have a significant effect on shape for both European Americans (Sex, F = 17.50, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0001; Size, F = 2.56, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0022) and African Americans (Sex, F = 21.18, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0001; Size, F = 2.59, d.f. = 36, 63, p > F = 0.0005). The discriminant analysis shows that sexing accuracy for European Americans is 98% for both males and females, 98% for African American females, and 100% for African American males.
The effect of ovariectomy on reproductive behaviour and physiology of adult female ring-legged earwigs, Euborellia annulipes

The effect of ovariectomy on feeding, mating, Juvenile Hormone (JH) production, and maternal behaviour was assessed in female ring-legged earwigs, Euborellia annulipes (Lucas) (Dermaptera: Carcinophoridae), during the first 16 days of adult life (the first gonadotrophic cycle and early brooding). Ovariectomy of 2-day-old adults did not affect weight gain, nor did it alter mating behaviour on day 7. Similarly, ovariectomy did not prevent the increase in JH biosynthesis that accompanies vitellogenesis in this species, which suggests a cycle of JH production that is not dependent on the presence of the ovaries. Both ovariectomy and mating status affected feeding behaviour. Most introduced eggs were consumed (i.e. disappeared) within 24 h, and younger (7-day-old) females consumed more eggs than did older ones. However, 12-day-old intact virgins and 16-day-old ovariectomized, mated females consumed fewest eggs, and allowed some hatching. Thus, ovariectomy did not abolish changes in feeding behaviour that normally accompany reproduction but, instead, appeared to delay the reduction in feeding that normally accompanies the completion of the cycle of egg development. By contrast, mating enhanced the reduction in feeding late in the reproductive cycle. Mating significantly enhanced maternal behaviour in both ovariectomized and sham-operated females. Hatching success from egg clutches introduced to day 16 virgin or mated females that had been ovariectomized or sham-operated on day 2, was significantly greater in the mated groups.
Advances in the understanding of multiple organ failure.

Multiple organ failure (MOF) is currently the most common cause of late death after injury and surgery. The pathogenesis of MOF remains incompletely understood but in all likelihood results from a combination of dysregulated balance between inflammatory response and immune function, maldistribution of microcirculatory blood flow, and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of MOF have been hampered by a lack of precise animal models, accurate definitions of disease, consistent means to qualitatively and quantitatively diagnose disease, and a definable at-risk group of patients for study. Several recent advances in critical care and proposed new therapies hold promise for improving the outcome of patients with multiple injuries who are at risk for MOF. However, as recent clinical trials have shown, studies demonstrating an improvement in outcome from use of these therapeutic agents are difficult to design. The purpose of this article is to discuss the evolution, clini...
Interannual and intraseasonal variations in monsoon depressions and their westward-propagating predecessors

Abstract The majority of monsoon depressions develop from the regenesis of westward-propagating residual lows from the east. Most of these residual lows can be traced to weather disturbances in the south China Sea, including tropical cyclones and 12–24-day monsoon lows. Hypothetically, any mechanism causing a variation in the occurrence frequency of these two types of weather disturbances in the western tropical Pacific–south China Sea (WTP–SCS) region may result in a corresponding change in the formation frequency of monsoon depressions over the Bay of Bengal. Two such possible mechanisms are interannual and intraseasonal variations of large-scale summer circulation in the WTP–SCS region induced by 1) the interannual variation of the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern tropical Pacific and 2) the northward migration of the 30–60-day monsoon trough/ridge. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction–National Center for Atmospheric Research reanalysis data and the 6-hourly tropical cyclone tr...
Empirical Bayes Two-Stage Procedures for Selecting the Best Bernoulli Population Compared with a Control

The problem of selecting the population with the largest probability of success from among k(≥ 2) independent Bernoulli populations is investigated. The population to be selected must be as good as or better than a control. It is assumed that past observations are available when the current selection is made. Therefore, the empirical Bayes approach is employed. Combining useful information from the past data, an empirical. Bayes two-stage selection procedure is developed. It is proved that the proposed empirical Bayes two-stage selection procedure is asymptotically optimal, having a rate of convergence of order O(exp(-cn)), for some positive constant c, where n is the number of past observations at hand.
Marginal Rate of Transformation and Rate of Substitution measured by DEA environmental assessment: Comparison among European and North American nations

This study discusses the new use of DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) environmental assessment to measure MRT (Marginal Rate of Transformation) and RS (Rate of Substitution) among production factors (e.g., inputs, desirable and undesirable outputs). To measure the degree on MRT and RS, this study first examines a concept of disposability from the perspective of economic strategies to combat various environmental issues. The strategies are extendable to a policy change for pollution prevention. The underlying concept is separated into natural and managerial disposability. Under managerial disposability, it is possible for us to measure an occurrence of desirable congestion, or eco-technology innovation. Considering the disposability concept, this study discusses how to measure the type and magnitude of MRT and RS. A problem of the MRT & RS measurement is that these measures usually become unstable (e.g., very large or small in these magnitudes) because DEA does not assume any functional form for economic activities. To overcome such a difficulty, this study equips DEA environmental assessment with multiplier restriction by utilizing a unique feature on a proposed data treatment. The multiplier restriction in DEA has been never explored in previous works on environmental assessment. In an application, this study finds three important economic concerns on Europe and North America. First, Western Europe outperforms Eastern Europe and North America in their unified efficiency measures under managerial disposability. This study statistically confirms a difference between Western and Eastern Europe, but not between Western Europe and North America. This result exhibits that Eastern Europe is not yet well developed at the level of the other two regions. Second, Eastern Europe has exhibited MRT estimates that are different from Western Europe and North America. The nations in Eastern Europe have an economic potential for industrial developments because the level of their industrial pollutions is less than that of the other two regions. The potential is also found in their MRT estimates. Finally, an interesting difference can be found in the RS estimate between Eastern Europe and Western Europe from 2008 to 2012. They have statistically exhibited a difference between the two regimes, but not with North America. This is because most nations in both Western Europe and North America have already attained a high level of economic successes so that they have a limited industrial potential under current production technology and eco-technology. The situation of the two regions will be changed along with new technology development. In contrast, Eastern Europe is different from the other two regions in terms of attaining such a level of social sustainability because of limited capital accumulation and limited opportunity for technology innovation.
Strategies for effective management participation in community health partnerships.

This article develops guidelines for effective health services management participation in community health partnerships. Drawing on our study of Community Care NetworkSM (CCN) Demonstration, the strategic alliance literature, and other research, we describe six challenges that health services manag
Automated simplification of full chemical mechanisms - Implementation in National Combustion Code

A code has been developed to automatically simplify full chemical mechanisms. The method employed is based on the Intrinsic Low Dimensional Manifold (ILDM) method of Maas and Pope ''. The resulting simplified mechanism is stored in look-up tables, which contain both reaction rate information and fluid properties. These look-up tables have been included as an option in the National Combustion Code (NCC). In this paper, the techniques used to implement the tables are described, including interpolation methods, property requirements and memory requirements. In addition the performance of the tables are investigated in the case of a bluff-body combustor and a piloted diffusion flame, test cases recommended by the Turbulent Combustion Workshop in 1994.
Needs and medicine.

It is argued that human needs are not facts (properties, states, processes, relations) about people, but are values. The reasons presented for this position are (1) that needs are goal oriented and goals are things people value, (2) that 'need' functions as a basic motivational term, and (3) that disagreements about what people need are disagreements in attitude toward, and emotional attachment to, things variously considered to be valuable. If human needs are not facts, then, of course, health or medical needs are not. Viewing health or medical needs as discoverable facts, rather than values, engenders certain difficulties in the following areas of concern: (a) Deciding when surgery is necessary and when unnecessary; (b) Defining the concepts of health and disease; (c) Evaluating some consequences of the development of medical science and technology; and (d) Understanding the alleged conflict between patients' health needs and their human rights.
Heterogeneity of colorectal cancer cell positions as a cell viability biometrie

In this paper, we quantify spatial heterogeneity in the positions of live cells as potential biomarkers for cell viability in 3d in-vitro microenvironment under the impact of anti-cancer agents. We present three case studies using human colorectal cancer cell lines of HCT-116, SW-620 and SW-480 in 48-hour experiments. With our data acquisition system guiding an inverted microscope and a digital camera, bright field and fluorescent images are captured at different time points. The viability of the human cancer cells, under FOLFOX impact are measured throughout the experiments. By processing the images captured from microenvironment, spatial heterogeneity in live cell positions are computed based on poisson point process. In all three case studies, we detect an increase in live cell spatial heterogeneity as the cell viability decreases in time as a result of FOLFOX. The encouraging result of correlation between cell viability and spatial heterogeneity has potential to be used in 3D in-vitro microenvironment assays as a biomarker.