cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Specialized Care for Women: the Impact of Women's Heart Centers.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been and remains the leading cause of mortality in women in the United States. For decades, more women died every year of CVD compared to men. Heart centers for women (HCW) are developed in response to the need for greater patient and physician awareness of CVD in women and to conduct sex-specific research in women. Today, many HCW provide multispecialty and focused areas of cardiovascular care for women. HCW provide their female patients with expertise over the many stages of a woman’s life. And HCW partner with national organizations to advance research and education through specialized and focused care for women. The purpose of this review is to review the historical development of heart centers for women and discuss the types of care they provide for women. Mortality rates from cardiovascular disease in women are finally reaching the levels of men after decades of focus on awareness, prevention, and evidence-based guideline-directed care for women. Heart centers for women have evolved to provide subspecialty and comprehensive care for women that includes education and research. Heart centers for women are partnering with many other disease-based and patient advocacy organizations to provide care for all women at all stages of life. Alarmingly, there has been increasing CVD mortality in both men and women recently.
HYPOKALEMIC PERIODIC PARALYSIS IN A PATIENT WITH EUTHYROID GRAVES DISEASE AND CELIAC DISEASE.

ABSTRACT Objective: Thyrotoxic periodic paralysis is a sporadic form of hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP) that is most commonly seen in patients with Graves disease (GD) in association with acut...
Phenomenological and recovery models of the subjective experience of psychosis: discrepancies and implications for treatment

Reductionist models of schizophrenia and psychosis have been criticized for neglecting first person experiences of these conditions. In response, at least two distinct bodies of research have emerg...
Gender trends in gynecologic oncology authorship: Implications for the critical evaluation of gender distribution in academic rank and leadership positions.

Abstract Objective To investigate trends in the representation of women as first, last, or co-authors in Gynecologic Oncology (GO) publications over the past 15 years. To compare rates of female authorship in GO versus general Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) and with the gender distribution of membership in the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO). Methods Gender was determined for first and last authors of GO publications from three major journals for 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015. The Z test was used to assess differences in proportions of female authors between 2000 and 2015 and first versus last female authors in each year. GO authorship trends were compared to those of general Ob/Gyn and new and total membership in SGO using the chi squared test. Results 1815 publications were included. Percentages of female first, last, and co-authors increased over time (p Conclusions Women comprise a growing proportion of GO providers and SGO members and have become increasingly productive in academic GO. Differences in publication authorship alone cannot account for gender disparities in the distribution of academic rank and leadership positions in the field.
Intraosseous Administration of 23.4% NaCl for Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension

Prompt treatment of acute intracranial hypertension is vital to preserving neurological function and frequently includes administration of 23.4% NaCl. However, 23.4% NaCl administration requires central venous catheterization that can delay treatment. Intraosseous catheterization is an alternative route of venous access that may result in more rapid administration of 23.4% NaCl. Single-center retrospective analysis of 76 consecutive patients, between January 2015 and January 2018, with clinical signs of intracranial hypertension received 23.4% NaCl through either central venous catheter or intraosseous access. Intraosseous cannulation was successful on the first attempt in 97% of patients. No immediate untoward effects were seen with intraosseous cannulation. Time to treatment with 23.4% NaCl was significantly shorter in patients with intraosseous access compared to central venous catheter (p < 0.0001). Intraosseous cannulation resulted in more rapid administration of 23.4% NaCl with no immediate serious complications. Further investigations to identify the clinical benefits and safety of hypertonic medication administration via intraosseous cannulation are warranted.
Male Partner Contraceptive Interference: Associations With Destructive Conflict and Women's Relational Power.

We explored the relational context of male partner contraceptive interference (CI), acts that impede women’s contraceptive use. Undergraduate women (N = 213) who had previously been involved in a s...
Corrigendum: DNA polymerase θ accomplishes translesion synthesis opposite 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine with a remarkably high fidelity in human cells.

Here we show that translesion synthesis (TLS) opposite 1,N6-ethenodeoxyadenosine (edA), which disrupts Watson-Crick base pairing, occurs via Polι/Polζ-, Rev1-, and Polθ-dependent pathways. The requirement of Polι/Polζ is consistent with the ability of Polι to incorporate nucleotide opposite edA by Hoogsteen base pairing and of Polζ to extend synthesis. Rev1 polymerase and Polθ conduct TLS opposite edA via alternative error-prone pathways. Strikingly, in contrast to extremely error-prone TLS opposite edA by purified Polθ, it performs predominantly error-free TLS in human cells. Reconfiguration of the active site opposite edA would provide Polθ the proficiency for error-free TLS in human cells.
Breath Sounds Recognition and Classification for Respiration System Diseases

One of the most common reasons for children consulting a general practitioner is respiratory morbidity. For healthcare providers, listening to breath sounds is an important diagnose method for respiration system diseases. However, parents and caregivers dont always have the required knowledge and experience to identify children's various breath sounds. Also, it is extremely hard to obtain feedback from young children about their physical conditions. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a tool to monitor young children healthy condition. In this paper, we propose novel approaches to recognize and classify children's breath sounds. We obtain and analyze audio features of young children's breath sound signals in time and frequency domains, based on these features, classify breath signals to specific breath segments. Nearest neighborhood (NN) and artificial neural network (ANN) were used for pattern recognition and classification. Clinical data were used to design and verify the proposed approaches. Experiments show that the proposed approaches offer accurate results.
Risk-Robust Mechanism Design for a Prospect-Theoretic Buyer

Consider the revenue maximization problem of a risk-neutral seller with m heterogeneous items for sale to a single additive buyer, whose values for the items are drawn from known distributions. If the buyer is also risk-neutral, it is known that a simple and natural mechanism, namely the better of selling separately or pricing only the grand bundle, gives a constant-factor approximation to the optimal revenue. In this paper we study revenue maximization without risk-neutral buyers. Specifically, we adopt cumulative prospect theory, a well established generalization of expected utility theory.
Analysis of Travelling Characteristics based on the Back Propagation Neural Network

The analysis of travelling characteristics is a crucial factor to smart city traffic management. It can help solve problems such as vehicle scheduling, resource allocation, etc. effectively. Traditional logistic regression analysis methods have low accuracy, cannot feedback optimization, so it's not practical. This paper proposes an analysis method of urban citizens' travel characteristics based on artificial neural network, theoretically proves the viability of neural network, and solves the problem of multi-parameter optimization of travel characteristics. The accuracy is high compared to the traditional logistic regression, and with more hidden layers added, the estimation accuracy will gradually increase, but the amount of calculation increases too.
Biofuel-powered soft electronic skin with multiplexed and wireless sensing for human-machine interfaces

Existing electronic skin (e-skin) sensing platforms are equipped to monitor physical parameters using power from batteries or near-field communication. For e-skins to be applied in the next generation of robotics and medical devices, they must operate wirelessly and be self-powered. However, despite recent efforts to harvest energy from the human body, self-powered e-skin with the ability to perform biosensing with Bluetooth communication are limited because of lack of a continuous energy source and limited power efficiency. Here, we report a flexible and fully perspiration-powered integrated electronic skin (PPES) for multiplexed metabolic sensing in situ. The battery-free e-skin contains multimodal sensors and highly efficient lactate biofuel cells that use a unique integration of zero- to three-dimensional nanomaterials to achieve high power intensity and long-term stability. The PPES delivered a record-breaking power density of 3.5 milliwatt·centimeter−2 for biofuel cells in untreated human body fluids (human sweat) and displayed a very stable performance during a 60-hour continuous operation. It selectively monitored key metabolic analytes (e.g., urea, NH4+, glucose, and pH) and the skin temperature during prolonged physical activities and wirelessly transmitted the data to the user interface using Bluetooth. The PPES was also able to monitor muscle contraction and work as a human-machine interface for human-prosthesis walking.
Effects of treatment classifications in network meta-analysis:

ObjectivesNetwork meta-analysis is a popular tool to simultaneously compare multiple treatments and improve treatment effect estimates. However, no widely accepted guidelines are available to class...
MDM2-C Functions as an E3 Ubiquitin Ligase

Background Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that is over-expressed in many cancers and regulates target proteins through ubiquitination. Full-length MDM2 (MDM2-FL) is best known for targeting wild-type p53 for degradation by the proteasome, but the functions of the many splice variants of MDM2 are under-explored. The three well-studied alternative MDM2 isoforms are MDM2-A/ALT2, MDM2-B/ALT1, and MDM2-C/ALT3. MDM2-A and MDM2-B are capable of down-regulating MDM2-FL activity and have transforming activity in cancers with mutant p53. The MDM2 isoform MDM2-C is over-expressed in breast cancer and correlates with decreased survival in the context of mutant p53 expression. Therefore, MDM2-C requires further study to determine if it has biochemical activities similar to MDM2-FL. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that like MDM2-FL, the MDM2-C isoform (lacking exons 5-9 and containing a full C-terminal RING finger sequence) would maintain E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Materials and methods In order to explore the biochemical function of MDM2-C, we used an in vitro ubiquitination assay and a glutaraldehyde cross-linking assay. Results Here we report, for the first time, that MDM2-C has E3 auto-ubiquitin ligase activity, which can promote ubiquitination of wild-type p53 and mutant p53 R273H, and also can form a protein-protein interaction with p53 proteins. Conclusion This information strongly positions MDM2-C as a protein with biochemical activities that may explain the varied outcomes observed in patients with high-level expression of MDM2-C in the presence of wild-type p53 versus mutant p53.
Immigrant and Refugee Health

The Immigrant, Migrant and Refugee Health (IRMH) branch of the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine promotes the health of immigrants, migrants and refugees and prevents the importation of i...
On sorting transmission demands in Elastic Optical Networks with Spatial-Division Multiplexing

In this paper, we analyze the impact of sorting the network users when attending their demands on network performance. For this purpose, we solve Routing, Modulation Level, Spatial mode, and Spectrum Assignment (RMLSSA) problem for elastic optical networks (EONs) with spatial-division multiplexing (SDM) with static network operation. We use several different criteria to order the users to find the best ones in terms of network capacity and spectrum and spatial fragmentation on the network. Experimental results that sorting the users in a descending order obtains better results, notwithstanding the criteria chosen. In these experiments, sorting the users according to their path length (in terms of distance or number of links) achieve better results. Despite the sorting criteria, we found that good practices are to attend first the users with significant resource demands and use the highly efficient user demands to fill the gaps left by the previous ones.
γδ TCR T lymphoblastic leukemia in a child presenting with marked hyperleukocytosis

γδ TCR T lymphoblastic leukemia is rare in children and should be differentiated mainly from hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma in this age group.
Physiological and management factors contributing to soybean potential yield

Abstract The largest reported soybean grain yield is approximately three-fold more than the highest reported U.S. average yield. An understanding of yield determination is needed to identify avenues for increasing yield and for defining the yield potential of soybean. To illustrate physiological traits important for yield determination, we used a framework that models yield as the product of seed number (seed m −2 ) and individual seed mass (mass seed ). Developmentally, seed m −2 is determined first and is proportional to the biomass accumulation rate (BAR, g m −2 d −1 ) and the fraction of assimilate allocated to reproductive structures. Seed m −2 is inversely proportional to the individual seed growth rate (ISGR, mg seed −1 d −1 ) where the ISGR represents the minimum amount of assimilate necessary to prevent a flower or pod from aborting. Hence, seed m −2 can be increased by optimizing conditions for crop growth (e.g., radiation interception, stress-free environment, high soil fertility levels) and having a low ISGR. Determination of mass seed occurs later during ontogeny than seed m −2 and can be expressed as the product of the ISGR and the effective seedfilling period (EFP, d). Variation among genotypes for ISGR is quite large and is generally not affected greatly by the environment. There is also genotypic variation in the EFP, but the EFP is decreased by a variety of biotic and abiotic stresses. Our analysis indicates that reaching the potential yield of soybean depends upon high BAR and extending the EFP, and a key factor affecting both of these variables is ensuring non-limiting crop nutrition, especially nitrogen. Strategies for increasing soybean maximum yield include early planting (which extends the EFP), optimizing crop nutrition, minimizing biotic and abiotic stresses, and developing breeding programs tailored for high yield environments. Characterizing physiological traits important for yield with genetic markers offers tools for combining favorable traits for high-yield environments.
The inventor of modern science

James Bradley laid the foundations of modern science in his aunt's attic. His impressively precise astronomical measurements gave birth to experimental physics as we know it. The first in our series of millennium essays.
Genomic resources for the study of sea urchin development.

As the whole genome sequence assemblies of Strongylocentrotus purpuratus emerge, the computational tools for manipulating this large body of information become ever more crucial. Arrayed libraries and characterized clones are now easily identified and obtained. Software that predicts genome features such as genes, proteins, cis-regulatory regions, and even micro-RNAs resides on the desktop computer of every investigator studying sea urchin cell and developmental biology. Beginning with the establishment of the Sea Urchin Genome Project in 1998 and the later inception of the Center for Computational Regulatory Genomics, there continues a concerted effort to gather, invent, and explain these tools to the community of experimentalists. Here, we describe the status of these resources at the present time.
Packet-level iterative errors-and-erasures decoding for SFH spread-spectrum communications with Reed-Solomon codes and differential encoding

A packet-level iterative detection technique that employs errors-and-erasures decoding has been described previously for SFH communications using Reed-Solomon coding. The technique enhances the performance of the SFH system in intersymbol-interference channels with only a minimal increase in complexity over one-shot errors-and-erasures decoding. In this paper, the performance of iterative EE decoding is considered for a SFH system with differentially encoded transmissions. It is shown that the use of differential encoding improves the performance of packet-level iterative detection in an AWGN channel with only a modest increase in detection complexity, and it also improves the performance in an intersymbol-interference channel in many instances. The packet size, the target probability of error, and the channel impulse response are considered, and the effect of each on the performance gain and the complexity is examined
A descriptive study of waterpipe smoking among college students

Purpose The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine waterpipe smoking and beliefs about waterpipe smoking in a sample of college students from a public university in Virginia. Data sources A web-based survey was sent to 1000 undergraduate students recruiting them to participate in the study. Measures from the investigator-developed Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) Waterpipe Questionnaire were used to capture belief-based components of the TRA related to waterpipe use. Descriptive statistics were used to examine the prevalence of waterpipe smoking and beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking. Conclusions Of the sample (n = 223), 71% of males and 52% of females reporting ever smoking tobacco using a waterpipe and 22% of males and 5% of females reporting current waterpipe smoking. Of the sample, 28% of males and 10% of females were current cigarette smokers and 25% of males and 10% of females were current marijuana users. Common beliefs associated with waterpipe smoking are also presented. Implications for practice Nurse practitioners working with college students need to be aware of the multiple forms of tobacco that students may engage in. They also should be aware of the common beliefs about waterpipe smoking. This information is useful when targeting and counseling patients about alternative tobacco products like waterpipe smoking.
The Dome: An Unexpectedly Simple Failure of Determinism

Newton’s equations of motion tell us that a mass at rest at the apex of a dome with the shape specified here can spontaneously move. It has been suggested that this indeterminism should be discounted since it draws on an incomplete rendering of Newtonian physics, or it is “unphysical,” or it employs illicit idealizations. I analyze and reject each of these reasons.
Clinical Mapping Approach To Diagnose Electrical Rotors and Focal Impulse Sources for Human Atrial Fibrillation

Introduction The perpetuating mechanisms for human AF remain undefined. Localized rotors and focal beat sources may sustain AF in elegant animal models, but there has been no direct evidence for localized sources in human AF using traditional methods. We developed a clinical computational mapping approach, guided by human atrial tissue physiology, to reveal sources of human AF.
In-VIGO: Making the Grid Virtually Yours

Internet-based Grid computing is emerging as one of the most promising technologies that may change the world. Dr. Hwang and his research team at the University of Southern California (USC) are working on self-defense tools to protect Grid resources from cyber attacks or malicious intrusions, automatically. This project builds an automated intrusion response and trust management system to facilitate authentication, authorization, and security binding in using metacomputing Grids or peer-to-peer web services. The trusted GridSec infrastructure supports Internet traffic datamining, encrypted tunneling, optimized resource allocations, network flood control and anomaly detection, etc. The USC team is developing a NetShield library to protect Grid resources. This new security system adjusts itself dynamically with changing threat patterns and network traffic conditions. This project promotes the acceptance of Grid computing through international collaborations with the research groups in INRIA, France, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Melbourne University. The fortified Grid infrastructure will benefit security-sensitive allocations in digital government, electronic commerce, anti-terrorism activities, and cyberspace crime control. The broader impacts of this ITR project are far reaching in an era of growing demand of Internet, Web and Grid services.
Argos: an ontology and web service composition infrastructure for goods movement analysis

Many scientific problems can be modeled as computational workflows that integrate data from heterogeneous sources and process such data to derive new results. These data analysis problems are pervasive in the physical and social sciences, as well as in government practice. Therefore, techniques that facilitate the creation of such computational workflows are of critical importance. In our work on the Argos project we are developing techniques to automatically create computational workflows in response to user data requests. As a unifying paradigm, we represent both data access and data processing operations as web services.
Implementation of a Digital Modular Chip for a Reconfigurable Artificial Neural Network

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are fast becoming an integral part of today's computing arsenal [4]. This paper discusses the issues involved in the design of a General Purpose Reconfigurable Artificial Neural Network (GPRNN). The IBM fabricated Basic Neural Unit (BNU) is used as a building block for the GPRNN. As a first step, a fully reconfigurable 2-BNU VLSI circuit is designed, implemented and tested.
Diabetes in the Hispanic population. High risk warrants targeted screening and treatment.

PREVIEWAs the Hispanic population in the United States increases, more primary care physicians are being challenged to address the high incidence of diabetes and related metabolic disorders in Hispanic American patients. A variety of genetic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors contribute to this group's high susceptibility to diabetes. In this article, Drs Idrogo and Mazze discuss diagnosis of diabetes in Hispanic patients, as well as culturally sensitive screening and treatment strategies.
Far-Infrared and Submillimeter Analysis of a Dense Core: Temperature and Density Structure of L1489

We present far infrared and submillimeter wavelength images of the dark cloud core Lynds 1489, taken with the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (KAO) and the Infrared Telescope Facility (IRTF). Using these images we have constructed maps of the temperature and dust density structure in the vicinity of the forming protostar. In brief, the observed structure is consistent with that of a hot (3000 – 6000 K) point source located on the edge of a cold (10 – 15 K) dense (105 cm−3) core. Our results indicate that the protostar, in concert with the interstellar radiation field, plays a large role in radiatively heating its surroundings including the associated dense core.
Comparison of hybrid pi and Tee HBT circuit topologies and their relationship to large signal modeling

Direct comparison between the HBT small signal Tee model and the hybrid pi topology is made to 100 GHz. It is shown that a one to one correspondence exists between the two topologies, but that some of the pi model parameters exhibit a frequency dependence with respect to the Tee model parameters. Using this analysis, an enhanced Gummel Poon large signal model has been developed which extends the model accuracy (usually up to mm-wave) by properly including collector current delay, self heating, and avalanche breakdown. A collection of measured versus modeled results are given.
Determination of indium and thallium in indium-thallium alloys.

Abstract The thallium-indium alloys were dissolved in sulphuric acid (1 + 1). In this medium thallium remained in the univalent state and could be determined directly, without a separation, by an oxidation-reduction titration with potassium bromate. The indium was determined directly with an EDTA titration. Ascorbic acid was added to maintain the thallium in the univalent state, which did not interfere. Ascorbic acid also masked any interfering tervalent thallium by effectively reducing it to the univalent state. Sharp end-points were obtained for both titrations, which were carried out in the temperature range of 50–95°. The method offers excellent precision and accuracy.
Measuring the Health Impact of Smoking and Health Care Providers' Performance in Addressing the Problem

The data presented by Vollset and colleagues in this issue showed that the benefits of smoking cessation were stronger for persons who quit at younger ages (<40 and 40 to 49 years of age) but were ...
Actions of alpha-2 noradrenergic agonists on spatial working memory and blood pressure in rhesus monkeys appear to be mediated by the same receptor subtype.

Abstract Rationale. α-2 Noradrenergic agonists improve spatial working memory in animals and in humans. Of the three α-2 receptor subtypes, evidence has suggested that this cognitive improvement may be mediated by the α-2A receptor subtype, but this has not been established. α-2 Agonists are also known to decrease blood pressure significantly. Recent evidence using genetically altered mice indicates that the α-2A receptor subtype mediates this decrease in blood pressure. Objectives. The present study examined whether the cognitive improvement and hypotension produced by α-2 agonists are mediated by the same receptor subtype in rhesus monkeys. The hypotensive and cognitive-enhancing effects of clonidine and guanfacine were challenged with two α-2 antagonists with differing affinities for the three α-2 receptor subtypes: MK912, a potent antagonist which shows preferential binding to the α-2C receptor subtype, and idazoxan, which slightly prefers the α-2A receptor subtype. If α-2C receptors contribute to the cognitive enhancement, MK912 should reverse the cognitive-enhancing effects of α-2 agonists at lower doses than those needed to reverse the hypotensive effects of these compounds. Conversely, if α-2A receptors contribute to cognitive enhancement, MK912 and idazoxan should reverse the cognitive-enhancing effects of α-2 agonists at the same doses as those needed to reverse the hypotensive effects of these compounds. Results. MK-912 and idazoxan dose-dependently reversed both clonidine and guanfacine-induced cognitive improvement and hypotension. Both antagonists were equally potent in reversing either the cognitive enhancement or the hypotension. Conclusions. The identical pattern of dose-dependent reversal of cognitive improvement and hypotension indicates that, in non-human primates, the same receptor subtype mediates both effects. Previous evidence suggests that the most likely candidate is the α-2A receptor subtype.
FORAGING IN A SIMULATED NATURAL ENVIRONMENT: THERE'S A RAT LOOSE IN THE LAB

Rats were required to earn their food in a large room having nine boxes placed in it, each of which contained food buried in sand. In different phases of the experiment the amount of time allowed for foraging, the amount of food available in each food patch, and the location of the different available amounts were varied. The rats exhaustively sampled all patches each session but seemed to have fairly strong preferences for certain locations over others. If position preferences were for patches containing small amounts of food, the sensitivity to amount available was increased so that when location was compensated for, a pattern of optimal foraging was evident. The importance of environmental constraints in producing optimal behavior and the relation of the observed behavior to laboratory findings are discussed.
New organic non-linear optical crystals of benzylidene-aniline derivative

Abstract The benzylidene-aniline derivative with an electron-donating group at the 4-position and an electron-accepting group at the 4′-position has been suggested, by MO calculations, to have a small molecular dipole moment in spite of the large second-order hyperpolarizability, and hence to be a promising molecule in the search for new organic crystals with large second-order optical non-linearity. By modification of the molecule suggested, a series of crystals having high second-harmonic generation (SHG) activities have been discovered; one of them showed a larger powder SHG than 2-methyl-4-nitroaniline (MNA).
Sex differences in obesity prevalence and cardiometabolic factors among Western Alaska Native people.

Abstract Background and aims Obesity is associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and other chronic diseases. Prevalence estimates for metabolic disorders are well documented in many populations, but Alaska Native groups are understudied. The Western Alaska Tribal Collaborative for Health Study combines data from three Alaska Native study cohorts to assess differences in obesity prevalence and associations with cardiometabolic risk factors by sex. Methods and results Analyses were based upon a sample of 3985 adult Yup'ik and Inupiat participants with a mean age of 40 years. Prevalence of obesity and metabolic risk factors was assessed according to nationally recognized guidelines. Regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors, including lipids, blood pressure and glucose. The prevalence of obesity (BMI ≥ 30) was significantly higher in women (40%) than men (20%). Only 18.6% of men had a waist circumference (WC) > 102 cm, while 58% of women had a WC > 88 cm ( p Conclusion The high prevalence of obesity and central adiposity among AN women is an important public health concern. Differences in associations between obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors by sex warrants further investigation to develop effective intervention programs.
Structural conditions in the hypertrophied and failing heart.

Hypertrophy represents a chronic adaptation of the myocardium to diastolic (volume) or systolic (pressure) loads. Resultant “eccentric” and “concentric” hypertrophy is discussed relative to ventricular compliance. The need for defined pressure-volume curves with known ventricular mass and shape in human disease is stressed. Ultrastructural constraints to normal and abnormal function are noted in terms of the sarcomere, and the physiologic features of fiber orientation in the ventricular wall and their implications for normal function are denoted. In the absence of significant qualitative changes in structure in ventricular hypertrophy, the quantitative implications of these changes are noted. As yet, little is known of the fiber orientation and connective tissue skeleton of the heart in either severe hypertrophy or severe myocardial failure with dilatation.
A Critical Analysis of Perioperative Mortality From Radical Cystectomy

Purpose: Operative mortality from radical cystectomy has decreased as a result of improvements in surgical and anesthetic care. We reviewed the perioperative deaths from a large group of patients treated with radical cystectomy for primary bladder cancer.Materials and Methods: All perioperative mortalities from radical cystectomy were identified from a single high volume institution. The medical records were reviewed to assess the cause of death as well as possible contributing factors.Results: From August 1971 to December 2001, 1,359 patients with primary bladder cancer were treated with radical cystectomy and pelvic iliac lymphadenectomy at our institution. Of these patients, 27 (2%) died within 30 days of surgery or before discharge from hospital. Median patient age at surgery was 67 years (range 47 to 78) and males accounted for 81% of the patients. The median time to death was 28 days from cystectomy (range 0 to 80). Most deaths were cardiovascular related (including acute myocardial infarction, cere...
Spinor Dynamics in an Antiferromagnetic Spin-1 Condensate

We observe coherent spin oscillations in an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium. The variation of the spin oscillations with magnetic field shows a clear signature of nonlinearity, in agreement with theory, which also predicts anharmonic oscillations near a critical magnetic field. Measurements of the magnetic phase diagram agree with predictions made in the approximation of a single spatial mode. The oscillation period yields the best measurement to date of the sodium spin-dependent interaction coefficient, determining that the difference between the sodium spin-dependent s-wave scattering lengths a(f=2) - a(f=0) is 2.47+/-0.27 Bohr radii.
PART and SNAP.

The condition described by Crary et al. [5] of predominantly medial temporal lobe tauopathy in the absence of β-amyloidosis has a clear parallel in the recent imaging/biomarker literature. Individuals with imaging/biomarker evidence of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)-like neurodegeneration without β-amyloidosis have been labeled “suspected non-Alzheimer’s pathophysiology (SNAP)” [8, 13, 18, 22, 27, 30, 31, 34, 37, 39, 41, 44]. Biomarkers of β-amyloidosis are amyloid PET and low CSF Aβ42. Biomarkers of AD-related neurodegeneration are high CSF tau (total or phosphorylated); atrophy on structural MRI in an AD-like topographic pattern (particularly medial temporal structures); and decreased metabolism on FDG-PET in an AD-like topographic pattern [14]. Positive or negative cut points for each biomarker modality have typically been established in relation to AD dementia subjects [8, 13, 18, 22, 27, 30, 31, 34, 37, 39, 41, 44]. By designating subjects as either β-amyloid positive or negative, and neurodegeneration positive or negative, every individual can be classified into one of four groups: neither amyloidosis nor neurodegeneration; amyloidosis without neurodegeneration; amyloidosis plus neurodegeneration; or, neurodegeneration without amyloidosis (i.e., SNAP). We [18] originally labeled this last group SNAP because we felt that neurodegeneration in this group represented non-AD etiologies; however, as discussed later in this commentary, the designation “non-AD” has been controversial. While the SNAP construct was initially described in cognitively normal elderly [18] it has also been applied to categorize mildly impaired individuals.
Aesthetics and e-assessment: the interplay of emotional design and learner performance

The purpose of this study has been to examine the impacts of aesthetic design on learner experience in an e-assessment environment, specifically on cognitive load and task performance. Sixty-six postsecondary students were randomly assigned to one of two aesthetic design configurations of the e-assessment environment: (1) an environment with low consideration to aesthetic design (i.e., designed to provide the utility and usability necessary to complete the tasks), and (2) the same environment (i.e., identical utility, task objectives, and task media) designed with several aesthetic enhancements to heighten the learner experience. Findings suggest that aesthetic design significantly decreased participant cognitive load and increased participant satisfaction, willingness to continue use, voluntary self-assessment time, and task performance. Qualitative data support these findings. The results of this study provide practical insights for designers exploring the valuable relationship between aesthetic design ...
Kinetics and spectroscopy of the SO4− radical in aqueous solution

Abstract Laser flash photolysis of S2O82− at 248 nm and 266 nm has been employed in conjunction with time-resolved long path absorption detection to investigate the kinetics and spectroscopy of the SO4− radical in aqueous solution. Much lower radical concentrations were employed than in all previous time-resolved investigations of this well-studied radical, thus minimizing potential interferences from side reactions, ϵΦ, the product of the 443 nm SO4− extinction coefficient (ϵ) and the quantum yield for SO4− production from 266 nm photolysis of S2O82− (Φ), was measured under conditions where the optical path length was well known, and where the number of photolysis photons absored per cubic centimeter of solution was uniform throughout the detection region and accurately measured; we find that ϵΦ = 2770 ± 280 M−1 cm−1. The first quantitative measurement of a rate coefficient for the slow, endothermic reaction. was carried out; the result is k1 (298 K) = 360 ± 90 s−1. 298 K kinetic data are also reported for the reactions We find that k−1 = (3.5 ± 0.5) × 105 M−1 s−1 and that, in the zero ionic strength limit, 2k2/ϵ = (3.9 ± 1.1) × 105 cm s−1.
Functional nanohybrids constructed via complexation of multiwalled carbon nanotubes with novel hexameric metallomacrocyles

A new family of hexameric metallomacrocycles employing a functionalized bis(terpyridine) building block was prepared by both self-assembly and stepwise procedures capitalizing on terpyridine−metal(II)−terpyridine connectivity. Their structural composition was established by NMR, UV/vis, and mass techniques. Treatment of the hexameric Ru(II) macrocycle with carboxylate-functionalized, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) followed by dialysis led to cation-exchange-induced complexation and generated a nanohybrid adduct that was evidenced by both transmission electron microscopy imaging with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Influences on Progesterone Concentration in Bovine Milk

Factors affecting progesterone concentrations in milk of lactating dairy cows were studied and discussed as they pertained to pregnancy diagnosis. Adding a preservative to milk allowed storage at room temperature for 10 days with no effect on progesterone analysis. Progesterone content in first, composite, and last milk was associated with fat content, although correlation between progesterone concentration in composite milk and fat percentage was low. Variation was considerable in individual samples for each of the milk fractions. Day of the estrous cycle was the most important factor affecting progesterone concentration in milk from cycling cows. Samples for pregnancy diagnosis by milk progesterone should be collected near the time that nonpregnant cows are expected to return to estrus. Progesterone concentration in milk from pregnant cows remained high throughout gestation with progesterone concentrations similar to those in the luteal phase of the estrous cycle.
Automated tool-wear monitoring and tool changing using intelligent supervisory control†

Process performance is very dependent upon the unique characteristics of the process equipment and the work/tooling interactions. To address this problem, research has been conducted to explore the feasibility of using an intelligent supervisory controller to build a local process database and provide control for the process. The research concerns the milling process as used in a machining centre. This paper will report on the data analysis, proposed control approaches, and how these results relate to the intelligent supervisory controller
Stability of the DNA apyrimidinic site

Sites of base losses from DNA are important both as forms of DNA damage in themselves and as intermediates in the base-excision repair pathway (Lindahl, 1979). A common cause of DNA-base losses is heat, which causes both depurinations (Lindahl and Nyberg, 1972) and depyrimidinations (Lindahl and KarlstrOm, 1973). Other causes include rapid spontaneous losses of modified purines from alkylated DNA (Duker and Teebor, 1976) or damaged pyrimidines from X-irradiated DNA (Dunlap and Cerutti, 1975). Other bases, as yet uncharacterized, are lost from UVirradiated DNA (Brent, 1976). Base-loss sites are also intermediates in the base excision-repair pathway, initiated by enzymatic removal of an inappropriate base by a specific DNA glycosylase. The DNA is nicked at the resultant apurinic or apyrimidinic site by an apurinic/apyrimidinic site (Ap) endonuclease, followed by exonucleolytic degradation of the damaged DNA, resynthesis of the excised portion by DNA polymerase and closure of the last phosphodiester bond by DNA ligase (Lindahl, 1979). One type of base loss, the apurinic site, has been found to be stable, with an estimated half-life of about 100 h under physiological conditions (Lindahl and Andersson, 1972). By contrast, the stability of the apyrimidinic site has not been studied. Heating DNA causes release of pyrimidines, but at about one twentieth the rate of purines (Lindahl and Karlstr0m, 1973). The predominantly apurinic damage, therefore, renders study of apyrimidinic-site properties impossible in heated DNA. Therefore, uracil was introduced into DNA through oxidative deamination of cytosine by sodium bisulfite. Uracil-DNA glycosylase released uracil from such DNA, thereby generating apyrimidinic sites. These were compared with apurinic sites introduced by heating DNA at acid pH. No significant differences between the properties of apurinic and apyrimidinic sites were found.
Semantic confusion errors in short-term memory

The analysis of error data in short-term memory (STM) tasks has frequently led to the conclusion that semantic information is not stored efficiently in STM. Experiment I used a probe recognition memory task requiring the recognition of either identity or synonymity. Conditions between which the opportunity for semantic confusion errors differed resulted in changes in the rate of false recognition. This evidence was viewed as supporting the hypothesis that semantic information may be stored in STM when such storage is a task demand. A second experiment explored the ability to recognize synonymity when storage in STM is not involved. The results showed less than perfect recognition, indicating that synonyms are only approximate instances of semantic identity.
The Antinomies of Global English and National Pedagogies

For the inaugural Forum of the International Multilingual Research Journal (IMRJ), we focus on the intersecting topics of English, globalization, and education. Our point of departure is the conclu...
Oxidation of fatty alcohols to acids in the caecum of a gourami (Trichogaster cosby).

Abstract Oxidation of fatty alcohols to acids in gourami caeca was investigated by measuring the reduction of NAD+ and the formation of labeled hexadecanoic acid from [1-14C]hexadecanol. Virtually all dehydrogenase activity is in the microsomal fraction. Maximal activity is obtained with NAD+ as cofactor whereas with NADP+ 60% of that activity is obtained. The enzyme is rather specific for long chain alcohols and 2 NADH are formed for each molecule of hexadecanol oxidized to acid. It is stabilized by mercaptoethanol, and completely inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate. The activity is optimal at pH 9.5. At higher pH, small amounts of aldehyde are found. The first reaction in the sequence, fatty alcohol → aldehyde → acid seems to occur under the more physiological condition at a much slower rate than the second reaction so that free aldehyde is not detected. Addition of palmitic acid indicated an uncompetitive product inhibition. The oxidation of alcohol to acid is reversible only to a very minor extent even in the presence of NADPH, CoA, ATP and Mg2+. Location, activity and properties of the enzyme are in agreement with the earlier observation from dietary experiments that in the gourami fatty alcohols of wax esters are oxidized to acids in the course of absorption.
Study of activities of arginase, hexosaminidase, and leucine aminopeptidase in prostate fluid

Abstract Our previous studies demonstrated that extraracts of the cancerous prostate tissues exhibit increased activities of arginase and hexosaminidase and decreased activity of leucine aminopeptidase. In an endeavor to devise a reliable, noninvasive and cost effective method for the diagnosis of prostate carcinoma, prostate fluids collected from 123 patients were analyzed for arginase, hexosamimidase, and leucine aminopeptidase. Based on the clinical diagnoses, the patients were divided into four groups: 13 men with chronic prostatitis, 29 with no recognized prostatic lesions, 63 with benign prostatic hyperplasia, and 18 with prostate cancer. The prostate fluids had no detectable arginase activity. The means of the total (units/mL) and the specific activities (units/mg of protein) of hexosaminidase and leucine aminopeptidase varied,albeit there were no significant differences in the four groups of patients recruited in thisstudy. It was concluded that the profiles of enzymes in prostate fluids might differ from that in the secreting prostate tissues and that the results of enzyme analysis in prostatefluids for the diagnosis of cancer should be interpreted with caution.
Effects of cocaine on conflict behavior in the rat.

The present studies examined the effects of acute cocaine administration, chronic cocaine administration and cocaine withdrawal on behavior in the Conditioned Suppression of Drinking (CSD) conflict paradigm, an animal model for the study of anxiety. In daily 10-minute sessions, water deprived rats were trained to drink from a tube that was occasionally electrified (0.25 mA), electrification being signalled by a tone. Within 3-4 weeks, control (i.e., non-drug) CSD behavior stabilized (30-50 shocks and 10-12 ml/session) and drug studies were initiated. Acute administration of cocaine (30-min pretreatment) produced a selective pro-conflict effect only at a dose of 10 mg/kg cocaine, with lower doses (2.5, 5 mg/kg) exerting no effect on CSD behavior and a higher dose (20 mg/kg) depressing both punished and unpunished responding. In a second experiment, cocaine (10 mg/kg, IP, 2/day) or saline was administered to separate groups of subjects for 7 weeks. In this chronic treatment study, CSD testing was conducted 12 hours after each evening cocaine administration. Although it had no effect on CSD behavior during the first week of treatment, this chronic cocaine administration produced a significant and selective pro-conflict effect which was stable during the period from Weeks 2-7. In a final experiment, a high dose of cocaine (20 mg/kg, 3/day) or saline was given to separate groups of subjects for 2 weeks and the behavioral effects of these treatments and their subsequent termination were examined. In this study, CSD testing was conducted 8 hours after each evening cocaine treatment. During the first week of high dose cocaine treatment, a decrease in punished responding was observed; this parameter returned to baseline levels by Week 2. Discontinuation of this high dose chronic cocaine treatment resulted in a selective decrease in punished responding. This pro-conflict effect was greatest at 3 days, and lasted for 6 days after the last cocaine dose. These data are consistent with clinical findings demonstrating the anxiogenic effects of both acute and chronic cocaine treatment as well as cocaine withdrawal and suggest that conflict paradigms such as the CSD may be useful for the study of cocaine-induced anxiety states.