cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Senior nursing students' and professional nurses' perceptions of effective caring behaviors: a comparative study.

Care forms the basic core of nursing actions. Traditionally nurses have described the acts of administering to patients as care behaviors. Many nurses find it difficult to define these caring behaviors. It is important that nurses have insight into the specific behaviors that patients perceive to be most important. Several studies have examined and compared nurses' and patients' perceptions of effective care behaviors. The literature supports an incongruence of what nurses perceive and what patients perceive as effective. This study identifies and compares student nurses' and professional nurses' perceptions of effective caring behaviors. The Caring Assessment Report Evaluation Q-sort (CARE-Q) was used to obtain the data. The participants included senior baccalaureate nursing students (n = 30) at Thomas Jefferson University, College of Allied Health Sciences, and professional nurses (n = 30) with 1 or more years experience. The significance of the difference between the groups was tested using the Mann Whitney U test. Results indicate agreement between the students and the nurses in all categories except trusting relationship (p = .06). The ages within the groups varied from 21 to 47 years. The difference in ages between the nurses and the students is significant (p = .0002). Findings provide a better understanding of student nurse perceptions of caring behaviors and provide implications for further research for nurse educators.
Policy Considerations for Hedging Risks in Mandatory Defined Contribution Pensions Through Better Default Options

The financial turmoil of 2008 highlighted the importance of default investment options in mandatory defined contribution pensions. Their design can improve the scope for intertemporal risk diversification for individuals and increase the likelihood of achieving adequate replacement rates during retirement. This topic is relevant to several countries in Latin America and Eastern Europe that have recently adopted the “multi-fund” design for investment choices and default options and the many more that are currently considering the adoption of similar products in the coming years. This chapter assesses the design and regulation of default investment choices in mandatory defined contribution pensions as they have been recently adopted in countries like Chile, Peru, Mexico and Hungary. It also suggests policies aimed at improving their risk diversification properties.
Precipitin Production Through Lens Injury

The earlier experiments by Guyer and Smith 1 in which inheritable eye defects were produced in fetal young by the injection of lens antibodies or of pulped lens into pregnant rabbits, led to the present series of experiments to determine whether or not a tissue injured and left in situ would cause the formation of antibodies. If so, such changes might afford a means by which an injured or misplaced tissue could influence germ cells. Because of the results already obtained with it in the earlier experiments, and also because of its distinctive nature as a tissue, the crystalline lens was chosen as the experimental tissue. In the operation, the eye, after treatment with a local anesthetic, was pierced with a needle by means of which the lens was more or less broken up. The procedure was much the same as that commonly followed by ophthalmologists in cases of children with congenital cataract. The serums of the rabbits used were first tested for lens precipitins; without exception they were found negative in all dilutions commonly employed in making precipitin tests. In from 7 to 10 days after the needling operation, the serum of each rabbit was again tested for lens precipitins. The results are shown in table 1. It was found that in more than 50% of cases, when its lens is injured, a normal rabbit will develop lens antibodies in its own blood serum. The lowest positive titer was 1: 40; the highest, 1 : 1280. Of 23 rabbits thus treated, 10 gave negative, 2 questionable, and 11 positive results. However, rabbit 11, although negative after the first needling, gave a positive reaction when reneedled. All tests were made in duplicate, and where there was any doubt as to the result, a second observer was called in to give an independent judgment without knowing what the first observer had recorded.
High-efficiency frequency doubling of ultrahigh-intensity Nd:glass laser pulses

Short-pulse, high-peak-power lasers are important tools for high-intensity laser- matter interaction experiments. Solid-state table-top terawatt lasers utilize the concept of chirped pulse amplification1,2 to generate near-field intensities of up to two orders of magnitude higher (after compression) than in conventional fusion lasers. Solid target interaction experiments with intensities above 1018 W/cm2 require a very high intensity contrast (~1010:1) to ensure that the laser pulse is interacting with the solid rather than with a pre-formed plasma. Second harmonic generation (SHG) in nonlinear crystals is important because it extends the available wavelength range and significantly improves the contrast ratio.
Functional Analysis of West Nile Virus Proteins in Human Cells

West Nile Virus (WNV) lineage 2 strains have been responsible for large outbreaks of neuroinvasive disease in the United States and Europe between 1999 and 2012. Different strains in this lineage have previously been shown to produce either severe or mild neuroinvasive disease in mice. Phylogenetic and amino acid comparisons between highly or less virulent lineage 2 strains have demonstrated that the nonstructural (NS) gene(s) were most variable. However, the roles of some of the NS proteins in virus life cycle are unknown. The aim of this chapter is to describe simple computational and experimental approaches that can be used to: (1) explore the possible roles of the NS proteins in virus life cycle and (2) test whether the subtle amino acid changes in WNV NS gene products contributed to the evolution of more virulent strains. The computational approaches include methods based on: (1) sequence similarity, (2) sequence motifs, and (3) protein membrane topology predictions. Highlighted experimental procedures include: (1) isolation of viral RNA from WNV-infected cells, (2) cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification of WNV genes, (3) cloning into GFP expression vector, (4) bacterial transformation, (5) plasmid isolation and purification, (6) transfection using activated dendrimers (Polyfect), and (7) immunofluorescence staining of transfected mammalian cells.
Rhodobacteraceae fam. nov.

Rho.do.bac.ter.a' ce.ae. M.L. masc. n. Rhodobacter type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote family; M.L. fem. pl. n. Rhodobacteraceae the Rhodobacter family. Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae Keywords: Rhodobacteraceae fam. nov.; Rhodobacter; Alphaproteobacteria class. nov.; Rhodobacterales ord. nov
The impact of modelling errors on interferometer calibration for 21 cm power spectra

We study the impact of sky-based calibration errors from source mismodeling on 21\,cm power spectrum measurements with an interferometer and propose a method for suppressing their effects. While emission from faint sources that are not accounted for in calibration catalogs is believed to be spectrally smooth, deviations of true visibilities from model visibilities are not, due to the inherent chromaticity of the interferometer's sky-response (the "wedge"). Thus, unmodeled foregrounds, below the confusion limit of many instruments, introduce frequency structure into gain solutions on the same line-of-sight scales on which we hope to observe the cosmological signal. We derive analytic expressions describing these errors using linearized approximations of the calibration equations and estimate the impact of this bias on measurements of the 21\,cm power spectrum during the Epoch of Reionization (EoR). Given our current precision in primary beam and foreground modeling, this noise will significantly impact the sensitivity of existing experiments that rely on sky-based calibration. Our formalism describes the scaling of calibration with array and sky-model parameters and can be used to guide future instrument design and calibration strategy. We find that sky-based calibration that down-weights long baselines can eliminate contamination in most of the region outside of the wedge with only a modest increase in instrumental noise.
The effects of temperature and substrate curvature on TBC lifetime and residual stress in alumina scales beneath APS YSZ

Abstract In order to assess the role of temperature on the lifetime of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) and the development of residual stresses in Al2O3 scales grown under yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) top coatings, two vacuum plasma sprayed (VPS) NiCoCrAlYHf bond coating (BC) compositions, with and without Si, were deposited on Hf-rich directionally-solidified (DS) 247 substrates and then coated with air plasma sprayed (APS) YSZ. Samples were thermally-cycled at temperatures ranging from 1075 to 1150 °C with 1-h cycles in air with 10% H2O. Photo-stimulated luminescence spectroscopy (PSLS) was used to map residual stresses in the Al2O3 scale at the YSZ/BC interface from the same region at regular cycling intervals. All samples exhibited similar stress distributions after 100 1-h cycles with the exception of the YHfSi BC cycled at 1150 °C which had a lower average compressive stress with more delaminations. This specimen also had the shortest TBC lifetime which shows that the PSLS measurements correlate well to interfacial damage accumulation in TBCs. The presence of Si had no effect on lifetime or residual stress but was found to reduce the amount of internal oxidation. The effect of sample curvature on the interfacial stress and TBC lifetime was also assessed by comparing TBC-coated rod specimens to flat buttons. Rod specimens failed much earlier than flat specimens and had lower Al2O3 residual stress.
Calculating Costs and Savings in Utilization Management

Utilization management requires significant effort and time for clinical laboratory directors. The goal of utilization management is to reduce the cost of care without reducing the quality. Laboratory directors must effectively communicate to hospital administration evidence-based utilization plans designed to reduce costs. This requires more than simply calculating the expense impacts associated with changes in test utilization. It is essential to fully document the link between utilization optimization and more cost-effective clinical operations. This chapter discusses methods for calculating costs and savings associated with utilization management of laboratory testing in academic hospitals. Approaches to estimating the impact of utilization changes on healthcare outcomes are also discussed and emphasized as becoming critical in the near future.
Pentaerythritol Trinitrate Substituted s-Tetrazine and s-Triazine

The synthesis of pentaerythritol trinitrate persubstituted 1,2,4,5-tetrazine and 1,3,5-triazine is reported. These materials were characterized with respect to their chemical and energetic materials properties. X-ray crystallographic analyses were also performed. The UV/Vis, Raman, and cyclic voltammetry data were collected and are reported.
A Delicate Balance: Church, State, and Schools by Martha M. McCarthy

(1984). A Delicate Balance: Church, State, and Schools by Martha M. McCarthy. Religion & Public Education: Vol. 11, No. 1-2, pp. 23-24.
Written with seed: the political ecology of memory in Madagascar

In this article, I bring together work in political ecology and environmental anthropology to examine how smallholder farmers in Madagascar articulate and embody political and economic histories through the everyday interactions with the commodities cultivated in their fields and forests. I ask: how does the work of cultivating land connect with the art of cultivating memory? In considering this question, I draw from ethnographic research in the agrarian village of Imorona, located in Northeastern Madagascar. In Imorona, smallholder farmers turn towards the materials in their agroforestry fields to reference the more painful political epics of their collective pasts – memories that otherwise remain largely silent within everyday realms of Malagasy culture. I show how the stories people tell of their shifting relationships to commodities including rosewood, vanilla and cloves bring together political and economic 'histories writ large' with more personal and intimate 'histories writ small.' Overall, I argue that the analytical approach of a 'political ecology of memory' offers the productive capacity to look both outward towards others, and inwards towards self. In the process, it elucidates the ways that people render global histories personal. Key words: Political ecology; memory; agroforestry; commodities; Madagascar; Indian Ocean.
Enteral Feeding Devices and Ostomies

Pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) often suffer the consequences of malnutrition and growth failure. Enteral nutrition delivered either via nasogastric tube (NGT) feedings or gastrostomy tube (G-tube) provides an opportunity to improve and optimize nutrition as well as potentially serve as therapy for children with inflammatory bowel disease. In addition to requiring enteral access, IBD patients often require ostomy surgery--under both urgent and planned circumstances. In these cases, education regardig ostomy care and troubleshooting peristomal skin concners is crucial in aiding the child and family adapt. In this chapter, we will review the different enteral feeding device options and tips for troubleshooting complications. In addition, we will cover the essential elements of ostomy education, and outline common peristomal complications. A review of strategies to prevent and treat common peristomal problems will also be presented, including troubleshooting appliance pouching techniques for successful management and adaptation
Local homology of groups of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms. III

This is the second in a series of three papers on the local homology of groups of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms: see [9], [10]. It may be read independently of the other two papers since it uses none of their results or methods of proof. Here is a s ta tement of the main theorem. (A slightly sharper version is stated in w We will explain later how it is related to the results of [9], [10]. W e consider a compact , oriented, smooth manifold W~ with boundary OW~. Let W0 c W1 be the complement of an open collar ne ighbourhood of OWa. If ~o is a volume form on Int W1, we write Diff,o (W~, rel 0) for the discrete group of all co-preserving diffeomorphisms of W~ which are the identity near OWv Clearly Diff,, (Wo, rel 0) c Diff~ (W~, rel 0).
Small Size Fluidic Devices by Freeform Manufacturing

The objective of this study was to innovatively use Freeform Manufacturing, speci fi cally Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) to fabricate rapid prototypes of small size fl uidic devices. The polymer used by the SLS application is very porous and presents a rough fi nal surface. Material analyses were performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), optical microscopy and Rockwell P hardness tests to develop methods for physical property enhancements. The study showed the feasi­ bility of manufacturing a functional miniature size, e.g. sub-centimeter size, in-line static mixer derived from available macro-scale models using SLS and an additional coating process. It was determined that some of the variable parameters of the SLS process affected the mechanical and physical properties of sintered specimens. Related issues can be enhanced by sintering at relatively high laser power settings and post-processing the prototype with a polymer based coating.
Composing a Cosmic View: Three Alternatives for Thinking Scale in the Anthropocene

The advent of Anthropocene thinking heralds both an opportunity to rethink the relationship between the human and other scales in the universe, and the danger of re-inscribing an anthropocentric, technocratic form of scalar engagement implicit in Paul Crutzen’s introduction of the Anthropocene concept. Horton proposes to denaturalize this form of universalism by examining three alternative cosmic views: the microcosm–macrocosm of Paracelsus, the serialized cosmos of Walt Whitman, and the resolved or mediated cosmos of Kees Boeke. Each of these alternatives offers its own scalar problematics, ethics, and politics of the human. Taken as a whole, they remind us of the compositional nature of scale and offer forking paths forward toward an Anthropocene of difference rather than of human mastery.
Equilibrium structure and diffusion in concentrated hydrodynamically interacting suspensions confined by a spherical cavity

The short- and long-time equilibrium transport properties of a hydrodynamically interacting suspension confined by a spherical cavity are studied via Stokesian dynamics simulations for a wide range of particle-to-cavity size ratios and particle concentrations. Many-body hydrodynamic and lubrication interactions between particles and with the cavity are accounted for utilizing recently developed mobility and resistance tensors for spherically confined suspensions (Aponte-Rivera & Zia, Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 1(2), 2016, 023301). Study of particle volume fractions in the range reveals that confinement exerts a qualitative influence on particle diffusion. First, the mean-square displacement over all time scales depends on the position in the cavity. Additionally, at short times, the diffusivity is anisotropic, with diffusion along the cavity radius slower than diffusion tangential to the cavity wall, due to the anisotropy of hydrodynamic coupling and to confinement-induced spatial heterogeneity in particle concentration. The mean-square displacement is anisotropic at intermediate times as well and, surprisingly, exhibits superdiffusive and subdiffusive behaviours for motion along and perpendicular to the cavity radius respectively, depending on the suspension volume fraction and the particle-to-cavity size ratio. No long-time self-diffusive regime exists; instead, the mean-square displacement reaches a long-time plateau, a result of entropic restriction to a finite volume. In this long-time limit, the higher the volume fraction is, the longer the particles take to reach the long-time plateau, as cooperative rearrangements are required as the cavity becomes crowded. The ordered dynamical heterogeneity seen here promotes self-organization of particles based on their size and self-mobility, which may be of particular relevance in biophysical systems.
A simulation platform using 3D printed neurovascular phantoms for clinical utility evaluation of new imaging technologies.

Modern 3D printing technology allows rapid prototyping of vascular phantoms based on an actual human patient with a high degree of precision. Using this technology, we present a platform to accurately simulate clinical views of neuro-endovascular interventions and devices. The neuro-endovascular interventional phantom has a 3D printed cerebrovasculature model derived from a patient CT angiogram and embedded inside a human skull providing bone attenuation. Acrylic layers were placed underneath and on top of the skull, simulating entrance and exit tissue attenuation and also simulating forward scatter. The 3D model was connected to a pulsatile flow loop for simulating interventions using clinical devices such as catheters and stents. To validate the x-ray attenuation and establish clinical accuracy, the automatic exposure selection by a clinical c-arm system for the phantom was compared with that for a commercial anthropomorphic head phantom (SK-150, Phantom Labs). The percentage difference between automatic exposure selection for the neuro-intervention phantom and the SK-150 phantom was under 10p. By changing 3D printed models, various patient diseased anatomies can be simulated accurately with the necessary x-ray attenuation. Using this platform various interventional procedures were performed using new imaging technologies such as a high-resolution x-ray fluoroscope and a dose-reduced region-of-interest attenuator and differential temporally filtered display for enhanced interventional imaging. Simulated clinical views from such phantom-based procedures were used to evaluate the potential clinical performance of such new technologies.
An Ethnographic Life Narrative Strategy for Studying Race, Identity, and Acts of Political Significance: Black Racial Identity Theory and the Rastafari of Jamaica

By conducting ethnographically grounded life narrative research, we can learn how dominant and alternative political discourses and ideologies inform the personal experience and identity of people. The ethnographic life narrative methodology, in turn, shows the local specificity of identity formation. Price combines an ethnographic life narrative strategy with Black racial identity theory to explain how people learn and enact race, political discourse, and political/religious ideology as a part of their identity. The Rastafari of Jamaica and the life an elder Rastafari woman are employed to show that we can productively study identifications such as race and related concerns such as political ideology and political action through an ethnographic life narrative methodology. As Price demonstrates with Black racial identity theory, the methodology offers promise as means to rethinking and revising theory.
Critical Care Transport of Patients With Brain Injuries

Critical care transport began in the 1970s as a response to the growing need to be able to transport critically ill and injured patients to tertiary care centers for higher levels of care or specialized treatments. Patients in critical condition now are transported great distances to receive potentially lifesaving treatment and interventions. Modes of critical care transport include ambulances, helicopters, and airplanes. Critical care transport teams consist of highly skilled paramedics, registered nurses, respiratory therapists, nurse practitioners, and physicians. Many patient populations benefit from transfer to a higher level of care via critical care transport, including patients who suffer acute neurologic insult such as spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage and ischemic stroke.
Futures Hedging under Prospect Utility and Knightian Uncertainty

This paper introduces Knightian uncertainty and loss aversion into the hedging decision framework. Knightian uncertainty allows for imprecision in the joint density function of spot and futures prices. Loss aversion dictates that an individual is more sensitive to losses (compared to a reference point) than to gains. The optimal futures position is characterized. It is found that inertia prevails. That is, there is a wide range of parameter configurations under which the conventional one-to-one hedge strategy is optimal. Moreover, loss aversion acts to reduce any deviation from this conventional strategy.
Recovering a Family of Two-Dimensional Gaussian Variables from the Minimum Process

Suppose that {(Xt, Yt): t>}0 is a family of two independent Gaussian random variables with means m1(t) and m2(t) and variances σ21(t) and σ22(t). If at every time t>0 the first and second moment of the minimum processXt∧Yt are known, are the parameters governing these four moment functions uniquely determined ? We answer this question in the negative for a large class of Gaussian families including the “Brownian” case. Except for some degenerate situation where one variance function dominates the other, in which case the recovery of the parameters is fully successful, the second moment of the minimum process does not provide any additional clues on identifying the parameters.
A generalized van der Waals model for light gas adsorption prediction in IRMOFs

By making reasonable simplifications to the structures of isoreticular metal-organic frameworks (IRMOFs) and defining important attractive regions of square-well potential, an adsorption model derived from the generalized van der Waals partition function is proposed to describe the isotherms of light gas adsorption in IRMOFs. The simplification of the structures is based on the geometries of the accessible surfaces and the dimensions of the frameworks, and the locations of the attractive regions are defined by examining the distribution of the adsorbate molecules. Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations using the simplified structures with square-well potentials and the complete atomic structures with Lennard-Jones and coulombic potentials are performed and compared to verify the reliability of the simplification. The adsorption model proposed in this work can predict adsorption isotherms of IRMOFs accurately by calculating the adsorbed amounts in different attractive regions of the simplified frameworks. It is also demonstrated that the model with the five parameters fitted to the adsorption isotherm at one temperature can accurately predict the isotherms at other temperatures.
Key Competencies in Brief Dynamic Psychotherapy: Clinical Practice Beyond the Manual

The Key to Good Psychotherapy. Competency 1: The Use of Theoretical Models of Personality, Psychopathology, and Therapeutic Process to Guide the Conduct of Psychotherapy. Competency 2: Problem Formulation and Treatment Planning. Competency 3: Tracking the Central Issue That is the Focus of Therapy. Competency 4: Planning What to Do and Carrying It Out: The Therapeutic Inquiry. Competency 5: Planning What to Do and Carrying It Out: Implementing Change. Competency 6: Relationship Management. Termination, with Karishma K. Patel. Training. Epilogue.
Other Allergic and Pseudo-Allergic Complaints

Allergies catch more than their fair share of the blame when it comes to illness in children. Too many people physicians among them—wrongly conclude that any condition that resists diagnosis has to be allergic in origin. As a result, allergy has become a catchall diagnosis for a wide variety of baffling conditions, and a steady parade of men, women, and children complaining of a myriad of vague, mysterious symptoms turn up at the allergist’s office. This tendency to turn allergy into the Ellis Island of diseases has been abetted by a parallel development—with the accelerating degradation and invasion of the environment by substances that provoke symptoms—allergic and hypersensitivity reactions—that have not previously been encountered.
Book Review: Axis Mundo: Queer Networks in Chicano L.A. by C. Ondine Chavoya, David Evans Frantz and Macarena Gómez-Barris

Axis Mundo: Queer Networks in Chicano L.A. , by C. Ondine Chavoya and David Evans Frantz with Macarena Gomez-Barris. Munich: ONE National Gay and Lesbian Archives at the USC Libraries/DelMonico Books Prestel, 2017. 414 pp., 349 color illus., 230 b/w illus. $60 (paper), ISBN 978-3791356693 Axis
The Competitive Consequences of Polarized Pluralism

The work of Giovanni Sartori implies that the establishment of a party system of polarized pluralism has important implications for the dynamics of party competition. In this paper empirical measures of polarized pluralism are developed for 14 party systems and compared to Sartori’s classification. Tests of the competitive implications support hypotheses associating polarized pluralism with ideological patterning by parties and peripheral turnover of party governments, but find no evidence of centrifugal electoral trends.
Changes in quality of life and sleep across the perinatal period in women with mood disorders

The perinatal period represents a time of significant life changes associated with increases in sleep difficulties, depression, and potentially impaired quality of life (QoL). Associations between QoL and sleep among women with perinatal depression are poorly understood, and changes in QoL across the perinatal period have received little attention. Participants were the treatment-as-usual group (n = 23) from a clinical trial testing an intervention for perinatal mood disorders. They completed the WHOQOL-Bref, had depression assessed with the HAM-D-17, and wore wrist actigraphs to estimate sleep for 1 week during third trimester and at 6 weeks postpartum. Higher education level was associated with better environmental QoL during pregnancy (p = .044) and presence of older children was associated with worse social QoL postpartum (p = .045). Psychological health QoL worsened (p = .014) across the perinatal period. Total sleep time (p = .001) and sleep efficiency (p = .008) decreased from third trimester to postpartum week 6, but sleep measures were not associated with QoL at either time point. Depressive symptoms decreased from pregnancy to postpartum week 6 and were inversely associated with postpartum physical and social QoL (p = .031 and .048). Factors contributing to self-rated QoL are variable across multiple domains during the perinatal period. QoL among our participants was lower than population norms. In our sample of women with depression and/or anxiety, QoL was related to postpartum depressive symptoms, but not to objectively measured sleep quality, quantity, or timing. Links between QoL and sleep may be inherently complex in perinatal women.
Ultrastructure changes in spike focus of temporal lobe cortexes and hippocampus and EEG studies in human brain of temporal lobe epilepsy

Objective To analyze EEG characteristics and observe pathological changes in temporal lobe cortexes and hippocampus in intractable temporal lobe epileptic brains in which there is no abnormality on CT or MRI examinations.Methods The electroencephalogram(EEG)and video-electroencephalogram(VEEG)were recorded in 7 cases with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy.Transmission electron microscope technique was used to investigate the changes of ultrastrueture in temporal lobe cortexes and hippocampus.Results Epileptiform discharges,such as spike,polyspike complex,sharp,spike and slow wave complex were found on examinations of all 7 cases.The ultrastructure changes in spike focus of temporal lobe cortexes are similar to those in hippoeampus.It was conlmon that neurons are pycnotic and the number of them is decreased.Astrocytes are hydropic degeneration.Gliosis can be founded in some cases.The number of synapses was increased or decreased in different cases and positions.But pathological changes of them are similar.Blood-brain barriers are destroyed because of foot processes of astroeytes around capillaries are edematous.Conclusion Neuronal loss,gliosis and synaptie rearrangments which occurs in epileptic hippocampus and in epileptic temporal lobe cortexes destroy the balance between excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission.The abnormalities is probably associated with protopathie intractable temporal lobe epileptic seizures. Key words: Epilepsy; Electroencephalogram; Temporal lobe; Hippocampus; Electric microscope
Venetoclax with decitabine vs intensive chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia: A propensity score matched analysis stratified by risk of treatment-related mortality.

Hypomethylating agents (HMA) with venetoclax is a new standard for older/unfit patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, it is unknown how HMA with venetoclax compare to intensive chemotherapy (IC) in patients who are "fit" or "unfit" for IC. We compared outcomes of older patients with newly diagnosed AML receiving 10-day decitabine with venetoclax (DEC10-VEN) vs IC. DEC10-VEN consisted of daily venetoclax with decitabine 20 mg/m2 for 10 days for induction and decitabine for 5 days as consolidation. The IC cohort received regimens containing cytarabine ≥1 g/m2 /d. A validated treatment-related mortality score (TRMS) was used to classify patients at high-risk or low-risk for TRM with IC. Propensity scores were used to match patients to minimize bias. Median age of the DEC10-VEN cohort (n = 85) was 72 years (range 63-89) and 28% patients were at high-risk of TRM with IC. The comparator IC group (n = 85) matched closely in terms of baseline characteristics. DEC10-VEN was associated with significantly higher CR/CRi compared to IC (81% vs 52%, P < .001), and lower rate of relapse (34% vs 56%, P = .01), 30-day mortality (1% vs 24%, P < .01), and longer overall survival (OS; 12.4 vs 4.5 months, HR = 0.48, 95%CI 0.29-0.79, P < .01). In patients at both at high-risk and low-risk of TRM, DEC10-VEN showed significantly higher CR/CRi, lower 30-day mortality, and longer OS compared to IC. Patients at both high-risk and low-risk of TRM had comparable outcomes with DEC10-VEN. In conclusion, DEC10-VEN offers better outcomes compared to intensive chemotherapy in older patients with newly diagnosed AML, particularly in those at high-risk of TRM.
Neuroscience of Navigation

This chapter provides a broad overview of the major findings in the neuroscience of navigation to date. It focuses on two issues: how specialized spatial cells located throughout the brain represent an organism's location in and movement through an environment and the roles of different brain areas and neural networks involved in accomplishing navigational tasks. Much of early neuroscience research has been guided by the principle of localization of function in which particular mental processes or representations are linked to specific brain areas. In the study of navigation, this led to a strong focus on the identification of the neural systems underlying egocentric representations and those responsible for allo‐centric representations. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the work conducted to date and the challenges for the field in understanding how the brain accomplishes large‐scale navigation in natural environments.
Enhancing Orientation to Cultural Difference: The Role of Reentry Work for Teacher Candidates Studying Abroad

In an era when education researchers and policymakers alike are paying increasing attention to the cultivation of global mindedness among teacher candidates, the current push for accelerated teache...
Comparison of Microbial Count on Various Surfaces in Operating Rooms at Different Times of the Day

The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of microbial contamination of surfaces in the operating room (OR) and to understand the relationship between time and location of contamination. Five OR surfaces were sampled at two time points on three consecutive Mondays and Thursdays. Each sample was cultured on a blood agar plate and introduced to a liquid nutrient broth. The most sterile surface was the OR lights with only one positive growth sample at each time. At both times, the most commonly contaminated surface was the staff keyboard. Coagulase-negative staphylococcus was the most common isolated species. Contamination rate of OR surfaces was not affected by time of day or day of the week. Simple cleaning and daily decontamination of staff keyboards can significantly reduce bacterial burdens and should be of primary importance to optimize OR sterility. (Journal of Surgical Orthopaedic Advances 27(4):281-285, 2018).
Assumed military solutions to central economic planning problems: evidence from soviet military journals

Military organization and operations have served as the inspiration for centralized planning of the economy. In particular, central economic planning theorists were interested in the common ownership, technological determinism, and resource allocation methods found in various militaries. I draw on recently declassified articles from the Soviet Union’s premiere journal of military theory, Military Thought, to demonstrate that servicemen-theorists had not solved the kinds of planning problems that advocates of central economic planning hoped they had solved, and that this calls in to question a critical source of inspiration for early central economic planning theories.
Characterizing SPASM/twitch Domain-Containing Radical SAM Enzymes by EPR Spectroscopy

Owing to their importance, diversity and abundance of generated paramagnetic species, radical S-adenosylmethionine (rSAM) enzymes have become popular targets for electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic studies. In contrast to prototypic single-domain and thus single-[4Fe–4S]-containing rSAM enzymes, there is a large subfamily of rSAM enzymes with multiple domains and one or two additional iron–sulfur cluster(s) called the SPASM/twitch domain-containing rSAM enzymes. EPR spectroscopy is a powerful tool that allows for the observation of the iron–sulfur clusters as well as potentially trappable paramagnetic reaction intermediates. Here, we review continuous-wave and pulse EPR spectroscopic studies of SPASM/twitch domain-containing rSAM enzymes. Among these enzymes, we will review in greater depth four well-studied enzymes, BtrN, MoaA, PqqE, and SuiB. Towards establishing a functional consensus of the additional architecture in these enzymes, we describe the commonalities between these enzymes as observed by EPR spectroscopy.
“Repeal and (not) replace”? Hindu nationalist women and feminism in India

India’s Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party’s (BJP) responses to feminism developed in two stages. In the 1980s, BJP women worked to delegitimize feminism by co-opting feminist language and is...
Data privacy in knowledge discovery

This thesis addresses data privacy in various stages of extracting knowledge embedded in databases. Advances in computer networking and database technologies have enabled the collection and storage of vast quantities of data. Legal and ethical considerations might require measures to protect an individual’s privacy in any use or release of the data. In this thesis, we address the problem of preserving privacy in the two following cases: (1) in distributed knowledge discovery; (2) in situations where the output of a data mining algorithm could itself breach privacy. We present results in two different models, namely secure multiparty computation (SMC) and differential privacy. The first part of the thesis presents privacy preserving protocols in the SMC model. Secure multiparty computation involves the collaborative computation of functions based on inputs from multiple parties. The privacy goal is to ensure that all parties receive only the final output without any party learning anything beyond what can be inferred from the output. Within this framework we address the problem of preserving privacy in the preprocessing and the data mining stages of knowledge discovery in databases. For the preprocessing stage, we present private protocols for the imputation of missing data in a dataset that is shared between two parties. For the data mining stage, we introduce the notion of arbitrarily partitioned data that generalizes both horizontally and vertically partitioned data. We present a privacy-preserving protocol for k-means clustering of arbitrarily partitioned data. We also develop a new simple k-clustering algorithm that was designed to be converted into a communication-efficient protocol for private clustering. The second part of the thesis deals with privacy in situations where the output of a data mining algorithm could itself breach privacy. In this setting, we present private inference control protocols in the SMC model for On-line Analytical Processing systems. In the differential privacy model, the goal is to provide access to a statistical database while preserving the privacy of every individual in the database, irrespective of any auxiliary information that may be available to the database client. Under this privacy model, we present a practical privacy preserving decision tree classifier using random decision trees.
Reduction of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT) and AZT nucleotides by thiols. Kinetics and product identification.

3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT), AZT 5'-monophosphate, and AZT 5'-triphosphate (AZTTP) were reduced by dithiothreitol with second-order rate constants of 2.30 x 10(-3), 1.50 x 10(-3), and 7.46 x 10(-4) M-1 s-1, respectively. Handlon and Oppenheimer reported that AZT is quantitatively reduced by thiols to 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine (Handlon, A. L., and Oppenheimer, N. J. (1988) Pharm. Res. (N.Y.) 5, 297-299). In the present report, multiple products of this reaction were identified by the techniques of UV spectroscopy, phosphate analysis, coelution with authentic standards from reversed-phase high pressure liquid chromatography, two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The product mixture from reduction of AZT 5'-monophosphate at pH 7.1 and 25 degrees C was composed of 2,3'-anhydro-beta-D-threo-thymidine 5'-monophosphate (6.4%), 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine 5'-monophosphate (19.6%), beta-D-threo-thymidine 5'-monophosphate (6.8%), thymine and 3-amino-2,3-dideoxyribal 5-monophosphate (8.9%), beta-D-threo-thymidine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (9.1%), 3'-deoxy-2',3'-didehydrothymidine 5'-monophosphate (31.5%), and 3',5'-anhydro-beta-D-threo-thymidine (17.8%). Thymine and 3',5'-anhydro-beta-D-threo-thymidine were also products of reduction of AZT and AZTTP. Furthermore, the nucleosides of the above monophosphates were products of reduction of AZT, and the corresponding triphosphates were products of reduction of AZTTP. The product ratios were dependent on the level of phosphorylation of AZT and on the pH of the reaction. Mechanisms for formation of these products are proposed.
THERMOINACTIVATION OF HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS AND CYTOMEGALOVIRUS.

Plummer, Gordon (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Tex.), and Brian Lewis. Thermoinactivation of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus. J. Bacteriol. 89:671–674. 1965.—The stability of herpes simplex virus and of human cytomegalovirus at 4, 22, 36, and 50 C was studied. A plateau or lag phase, during which no loss of viability was detected, was a constant feature of the inactivation curves of herpesvirus and cytomegalovirus at 36 and 22 C and of herpesvirus at 4 C. Unlike herpesvirus, cytomegalovirus was repeatedly found to be less stable at 4 C (and at 10 C) than at room temperature (22 C). Extracellular herpesvirus harvested from the supernatant culture fluid seemed to be more stable than intracellular virus obtained by sonic disintegration of the infected cells. Serum had a stabilizing effect at 36 C on both intracellular and extracellular virus.
Neuronopathic Lysosomal Storage Diseases: Clinical and Pathologic Findings.

Background: The lysosomal–autophagocytic system diseases (LASDs) affect multiple body systems including the central nervous system (CNS). The progressive CNS pathology has its onset at different ages, leading to neurodegeneration and early death. Methods: Literature review provided insight into the current clinical neurological findings, phenotypic spectrum, and pathogenic mechanisms of LASDs with primary neurological involvement. Conclusions: CNS signs and symptoms are variable and related to the disease-specific underlying pathogenesis. LAS dysfunction leads to diverse global cellular consequences in the CNS ranging from specific axonal and dendritic abnormalities to neuronal death. Pathogenic mechanisms for disease progression vary from impaired autophagy, massive storage, regional involvement, to end-stage inflammation. Some of these features are also found in adult neurodegenerative disorders, for example, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Lack of effective therapies is a significant unmet medical need. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2013;17:226–246.
Genetic Warfarin Dosing: Tables Versus Algorithms

Objectives The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of genetic tables and formal pharmacogenetic algorithms for warfarin dosing. Background Pharmacogenetic algorithms based on regression equations can predict warfarin dose, but they require detailed mathematical calculations. A simpler alternative, recently added to the warfarin label by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, is to use genotype-stratified tables to estimate warfarin dose. This table may potentially increase the use of pharmacogenetic warfarin dosing in clinical practice; however, its accuracy has not been quantified. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 1,378 patients from 3 anticoagulation centers was conducted. Inclusion criteria were stable therapeutic warfarin dose and complete genetic and clinical data. Five dose prediction methods were compared: 2 methods using only clinical information (empiric 5 mg/day dosing and a formal clinical algorithm), 2 genetic tables (the new warfarin label table and a table based on mean dose stratified by genotype), and 1 formal pharmacogenetic algorithm, using both clinical and genetic information. For each method, the proportion of patients whose predicted doses were within 20% of their actual therapeutic doses was determined. Dosing methods were compared using McNemar9s chi-square test. Results Warfarin dose prediction was significantly more accurate (all p Conclusions Although genetic tables predicted warfarin dose better than empiric dosing, formal pharmacogenetic algorithms were the most accurate.
Requirement of Adenosine 3′, 5′-Cyclic Phosphate for Flagella Formation in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract Adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic phosphate (cyclic AMP) is absolutely required for flagella formation and, hence, motility in cyclic AMP-deficient mutants of Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Feature scale transport and reaction during low-pressure deposition processes

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on feature scale transport and explains the reaction in features on patterned wafers during low-pressure processing. The theory for transport and reaction is valid for both deposition and etch processes; however, the examples focus on deposition processes. The goal of transport and reaction modeling and simulation is to develop and validate models, which in turn provide a unified understanding of film profile evolution. Further, the chapter discusses “continuum” models of film profile evolution, which might be important to the performance of polycrystalline films. The chapter provides a review of basics of chemistry and free molecular transport, and the ballistic transport and reaction model (BTRM) valid for low-pressure deposition (and etch) processes inside micron scale features on patterned wafers. The chapter also discusses how studies that combine experiments and simulations are being used to help develop constitutive properties for selected low-pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD), plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), and physical vapor deposition (PVD) systems. For PVD processes, a study of curvature-driven diffusion is discussed. The chapter further presents the results of a combined simulation and experimental study of feature scale composition nonuniformities in the sputter deposition (PVD) of titanium-tungsten films. An example of how feature scale simulations can be used to guide process design is also given.
The Right to Counsel Under Attack

in Chicago in 1968, there was a poignant exchange between Judge Julius Hoffman and defense lawyer William Kunstler. At one point in the contentious proceedings, as Mr. Kunstler aggressively pressed a legal point, Judge Hoffman stated that the demonstrations and unrest in the country could be explained by the ready availability of lawyers for the demonstrators. Dissidents took solace in the understanding that if they were arrested, a lawyer would be able to get them out of jail.1 In a moment of unguarded candor, then, Judge Hoffman joined those who would blame the lawyer for the supposed ills in society. Our history is filled with examples of this attitude. In the 1950s, "communism" was the major political evil. Then, too, high government officials contended that lawyers who represented persons with communist affiliations were as dangerous as their clients.2 The FBI and the Department of Justice engaged in an extensive campaign to discredit the lawyers and legal organizations that were involved in these cases.3 I am currently involved in litigation on behalf of the National Lawyers Guild concerning the FBI's investigation and surveillance of the Guild over a twenty-five year period. One document among the thousands that have been disclosed shows that in 1948 the FBI was