cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evidence-based somatic treatment of depression in adults

The efficacy of antidepressants has become a contentious topic over the last decade, and yet a review of the literature shows that they are consistently more effective than placebo. Although the average magnitude of this effect is unclear, many individual patients respond well to a course of antidepressants, and relapse when the medication is discontinued. Choosing the right antidepressant for a given patient remains more art than science, but the studies reviewed here provide some helpful guidance. Table 4 lists the second-generation antidepressants along with potential reasons for choosing one over the other (based on side effects, costs, or possible therapeutic advantages.) Based on these data, the following conclusions can be drawn: • For an all-around first-line antidepressant, sertraline is hard to beat, given its combination of efficacy, tolerability, and low expense. Once escitalopram becomes generic, it will join sertraline in this category. • Bupropion is often a first-line alternative to sertraline, because of its lack of sexual side effects; although it has less efficacy for anxiety disorders, it is helpful for other comorbidities, such as tobacco dependence and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. • Both paroxetine and mirtazepine are often maligned because of side effects of sedation and weight gain; however, these side effects may be advantageous for those whose depressive symptoms include insomnia and excessive weight loss. • Although not specifically reviewed in this article, certain antidepressants are liable to cause more drug–drug interactions than others; the most prominent of these are fluoxetine, paroxetine, and fluvoxamine.
Beyond the promontory: the multifocal origin of glomus tympanicum tumors.

PURPOSE We examined other middle ear locations of glomus tympanicum tumors, which arise from glomus bodies accompanying the tympanic (Jacobson9s) nerve through the middle ear. Most descriptions place these tumors on the promontory over the basal turn of the cochlea. METHODS We identified seven patients (all women) with small surgically confirmed glomus tympanicum tumors (not completely filling the middle ear) for whom CT scans were available for retrospective review. Patients9 ages ranged from 23 to 78 years at the time of the high-resolution CT study (1.0- to 1.5-mm-thick sections). RESULTS All tumors arose on the medial wall of the middle ear. One was anterior to the promontory, beneath the cochleariform process and the semicanal of the tensor tympani. Two were inferior to the promontory, in the recess beneath the basal turn of the cochlea. Four were anteroinferior. None was actually on the apex of the promontory. CONCLUSION Glomus tympanicum tumors may arise in various locations on the medial wall of the middle ear, where Jacobson9s nerve runs. The promontory is only one middle ear location in which glomus tympanicum tumors may arise. Familiarity with the course of the tympanic nerve helps tailor the search for, and facilitates accurate identification of, tiny glomus tympanicum tumors.
Beyond Average Effects: Incorporating Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Into Family Research

Family researchers are increasingly concerned with causal inference. In this article, I urge family researchers to consider 2 types of causal inference: pretreatment heterogeneity, a consideration of nonrandom selection into a treatment (e.g., divorce), and posttreatment heterogeneity, a consideration of systematic differential responses to a treatment. I detail the heterogeneous treatment effects approach, a method designed to account for both pretreatment heterogeneity and posttreatment heterogeneity. I then review existing research that has implemented this method, paying particular attention to research on family life. Finally, I provide concrete examples of how family researchers can implement heterogeneous treatment effects to answer key research questions.
IMP Dehydrogenase Mutants: Cell Culture Model for Hyperuricemia

Primary gout with associated hyperuricemia is a genetically heterogeneous disorder characterized by hyperuricemia due to increased rates of purine synthesis or enhanced cellular turnover. The genetic lesions which lead to enhanced rates of purine synthesis are mostly undefined. Several groups have reported that hyperuricemia can be associated with different types of kinetic alterations in the enzyme phosphoribosylpyrophosphate (PRPP) synthetase (1–3) or a deficiency in hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (4–5). The purine metabolic pathway is subject to a variety of control mechanisms including substrate availability, feedback inhibition of enzyme activity, compartmentalization of substrates and effectors, and regulation of enzyme levels. This biosynthetic pathway has two regulatory domains. The first occurs before the IMP branchpoint in which both PRPP synthetase and PRPP-glutamine amidotransferase are subject to allosteric inhibition by nucleotide effectors. The second regulatory domain occurs subsequent to IMP synthesis, where both adenylosuccinate synthetase and IMP dehydrogenase, the penultimate enzymes in AMP and GMP synthesis, respectively, are also regulated by ribonucleotide effectors. The genetic and metabolic heterogeneity of overproduction hyperuricemia suggests that defects in any one of these enzymes might lead to excessive rate of purine synthesis.
Effective Neural Representations for Brain-Mediated Human-Robot Interactions

Physical interactions between robots and humans are an integral part of many neurorobotic, neural prosthetic and rehabilitation robotics applications. It is generally acknowledged that such interactions can be enhanced by providing robots with advance knowledge of the intentions of human agents, e.g. their desired motor plans and goals in a given context. One potential source of these intentions are decoded neural signals obtained from the cerebral cortex, but precisely which cortical representations are most beneficial for facilitating effective human-robot interactions is unclear. Here we review the neural representations of movement plans in the cortex and discuss the potential utility of these representations for jointly performed motor actions, particularly manipulation tasks involving the hand and arm. Emphasis is placed on the coordinate frames used by different cortical areas to encode sensory- and motor-related variables. It is argued that relative coding of sensorimotor variables, a concept that has also recently been applied to robotic planning and control algorithms, might be particularly useful for facilitating joint actions of the hand and arm. More generally, discussion of the various neural representations will provide critical insight into how biological agents might better interact with robotic agents for the development of next-generation neural prosthetic systems and rehabilitation robots.
Island Edge Coverage By Metal Interconnects for Three Dimensional Circuits

Three-dimensional integrated circuits is a new and exciting field that has been spurred on by the need for conformal displays and detector arrays. These circuits are fabricated by interconnecting rigid sub-circuit islands made on a flat, deformable substrate. To prepare for interconnects, we apply a patterned deformable sacrificial material over the flat substrate. We then deform the substrate, with the sub-circuit islands and the sacrificial pattern on it, to a spherical surface. Following deformation, we evaporate interconnect metal and then liftoff the sacrificial material, leaving only the metal lines that interconnect the islands. The maximum size for a circuit island to remain intact is proportional to the island’s thickness. The larger the island has to be, the thicker it must be made to prevent it from cracking. For 50 μm thick Kapton E substrates, it was found that 40 μm square SiNx islandsmust be at least 0.5 μm thick.With such thick islands, sidewall coverage during evaporation of the interconnect metal becomes difficult because of the dome shape of the substrate. Moreover, during substrate deformation, there is delamination that occurs at the island-substrate interface. This delamination forms a gap between the edge of the island, and the substrate. Thick metalization that covers both sidewall and islandsubstrate gap, produces a yield of 97% for 10 micrometer wide aluminum lines.
Drug Resistance Surveillance of 764 Staphylococcus Aureus on Children

Objective To understand the drug resistance tendency of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples to frequently used antibiotic and instruct clinical rational use antibiotic. Methods Isolating and cultivanteing of bacterium with routine method,identifying and undertaking susceptibility test of Staphylococcus aureus with American Microscan WalkAway-40. Results MSSA 314 stock,MRSA 450 stock,isolating rate of MRSA were 58.9% in 764 Staphylococcus aureus;The rate of drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus to erythromycin,Penicillin,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid were 63.4%,95.6%,5.8% and 11.0% respectively,there was not Staphylococcus aureus to bear Vancocin. Conclusion Detection rate of Staphylococcus aureus were adscendent rise year by year,the resistance rate of Staphylococcus aureus to frequently used antibiotic were descending tendency.
Advances in Genetic Analysis and Molecular Regulation Mechanism of Heading Date in Rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Heading date is one of the most important agronomic traits closely related to rice yield in rice.The genetic pattern,growth and development characters of heading date in rice were reviewed.A total of 618 rice QTLs mapped and some important functional genes,such as Hd1,Hd3a,Ghd7,Ehd1 etc,were involved in control of the heading date.The regulation network of these heading-date genes has been preliminary established.The challenge of heading date mechanism research in rice and their prospects of applications in practice were dicussed.
Identification of genotype errors.

It has been documented that there exist some errors in most large genotype datasets and that an error rate of 1-2% is sufficient to lead to the distortion of map distance as well as a false conclusion of linkage (Abecasis et al., Eur J Hum Genet 9:130-134, 2001), therefore one needs to ensure that the data are as clean as possible. On the other hand, the process of data cleaning is tedious and demands effort and experience. O'Connell and Weeks implemented four error-checking algorithms in computer software called PedCheck. In this chapter, the four algorithms implemented in PedCheck are discussed with a focus on the genotype-elimination method. Furthermore, an example for four levels of error checking permitted by PedCheck is provided with the required input files. In addition, alternative algorithms implemented in other statistical computing programs are also briefly discussed.
Temperature-dependent transparency conditions and spatial degeneracy in self-organized quantum dots

We have used ultrafast spectroscopic measurements of gain spectra in self-organized quantum dots to measure directly the transparency condition at different temperatures and wavelengths. The results provide insight into the energy-dependent density-of-states and carrier thermalization in high-speed quantum-dot lasers.
Ultrashort laser radiation transfer in heterogeneous biological tissues

Recent work has suggested that time-dependent reflectance and transmittance of light scattering can provide a valuable, non-invasive means to quantitatively probe tissue morphology. Radiation absorption has also been applied to applications in biomedical treatment such as laser surgery and photodynamic therapy. Fundamental to these laser applications is the determination of time-dependent light distribution in scattering-absorbing biological tissues. Modeling of time-dependent photon migration has traditionally been performed using either Monte Carlo (MC) method or deterministic methods based on diffusion approximation. The statistical MC method is time consuming and its results are subject to statistical errors. The diffusion theory presumes that the scattering predominate and the medium be optically diffuse, so that the angle-dependent radiant intensity is replaced by an angle-independent photon flux and the Boltzmann radiative transport equation is simplified as a diffusion equation. However, the diffuse approximation is hardly applicable to heterogeneous biological tissues with non-scattering or low-scattering regions, not to mention that experiments have shown that it fails to match experimental data when the tissue sample is not optically diffuse. The development of accurate simulation of photon migration in heterogeneous media is demanded and in press.In this work, time-dependent short-pulsed laser radiation transport in heterogeneous biological tissues is simulated using discrete ordinates method (DOM). Formulations for solving the transient radiation transfer equation are deduced for three-dimensional geometries. The sensitivity and accuracy of the DOM are examined. The false radiation propagation and numerical diffusion associated with the differencing schemes are discussed. Parametric studies are performed in order to check the effects of boundary conditions, inhomogeneity, multidimensionality, scattering albedo, etc. The characteristics of short-pulsed laser transport and its applications in biomedical diagnostics and treatment are demonstrated.
ELECTORAL PREDICTIONS IN AFRICA: Predicting winners in relatively stable two-party systems, using early and incomplete results

In African elections, the period between polling and announcement can be protracted and tense. In the best cases, this intermission is marked by hopeful candidates urging tense supporters to stay calm. In the worst cases, such periods are used by politicians to hurl accusations of fraud back and forth to work up partisanship and devalue electoral institutions. The days between an election and its results are stressful because incomplete information about this constituency or that trickles out, but partisans have few systematic ways to compare these data with past results or exit polling, and worry that the missing data are somehow being tampered with. This paper shows how OLS regression using past results to fill in partial results can not only reduce uncertainty in the short term, but may also point out whether or not withheld results seem plausible. What began as a simple social media experiment is presented here as an elegant formula that accurately predicts outcomes across Ghana's Fourth Republic and in Nigeria's 2015 presidential election. This accuracy was achieved with as little as 10% of the results in, and extremely biased samples.
Relative effectiveness of selected preenrichment media for the detection of Salmonella from leafy green produce and herbs.

Four buffered preenrichment media (BAX® System MP Media (BAX)), Universal Preenrichment Broth (UPB), modified Buffered Peptone Water (mBPW), and Buffered Peptone Water (BPW)) were compared with lactose broth (LB) in the Bacteriological Analytical Manual’s (BAM) Salmonella culture method for the analysis of 9 leafy green produce and herb types. Artificially contaminated test portions were pre-enriched in each medium and the results were analyzed statistically using Fisher’s Exact 2-tailed F test (p 0.05). UPB was consistently among the most effective media for recovery of Salmonella from the nine produce types; however, S. Typhimurium and S. Newport were isolated from cabbage more frequently with mBPW than with UPB (p 0.05).
IL-10 induces a STAT3-dependent autoregulatory loop in TH2 cells that promotes Blimp-1 restriction of cell expansion via antagonism of STAT5 target genes

Blimp-1 expression in T cells extinguishes the fate of T follicular helper cells, drives terminal differentiation, and limits autoimmunity. Although various factors have been described to control Blimp-1 expression in T cells, little is known about what regulates Blimp-1 expression in T helper 2 (TH2) cells and the molecular basis of its actions. We report that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) unexpectedly played a critical role in regulating Blimp-1 in TH2 cells. Furthermore, we found that the cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) acted directly on TH2 cells and was necessary and sufficient to induce optimal Blimp-1 expression through STAT3. Together, Blimp-1 and STAT3 amplified IL-10 production in TH2 cells, creating a strong autoregulatory loop that enhanced Blimp-1 expression. Increased Blimp-1 in T cells antagonized STAT5-regulated cell cycle and antiapoptotic genes to limit cell expansion. These data elucidate the signals required for Blimp-1 expression in TH2 cells and reveal an unexpected mechanism of action of IL-10 in T cells, providing insights into the molecular underpinning by which Blimp-1 constrains T cell expansion to limit autoimmunity.
A dynamic capacitive power transfer system with reduced power pulsation

This paper proposes a dynamic capacitive power transfer (CPT) system which utilizes electric fields to transfer power to a moving receiver. The transmitter is a long track, consisting of a pair of aluminum plates. One important property of this transmitter structure is reducing the power pulsations at the receiver. The receiver also consists of a one pair of aluminum plates that are capacitively coupled with the transmitter plates. The capacitive coupling delivers power to the receiver. An LCLC compensation topology is used at both the transmitter and receiver sides to provide resonances which boost the plate voltage in order to transfer power. A 150W prototype of a dynamic CPT system is designed and implemented. Each transmitter plate size is 1200mm×300mm, and each receiver plate size is 300mm×300mm. The switching frequency is 1.5MHz, and the dc-dc efficiency reaches 85.4%. When the receiver moves along the transmitter track, the output power varies within ±4.0% of the nominal power.
Hot Corrosion of Mo–Si–B Coatings

The hot corrosion performance of the Mo–Si–B-based oxidation protection coating was evaluated. Mo coins coated by a Si–B pack cementation process were covered with a salt slurry and exposed to air at high temperature. This resulted in gradual mass losses attributed to spallation, as well as crystallization of the vitreous silica scale to cristobalite. Still air resulted in more severe attack than flowing air, owing to the stability of the salt scale that is established in stagnant air. Despite the hot corrosion attack, the coating retains the majority of the vulnerable Mo substrate after repeated thermal cycles for temperatures up to 1300 °C.
Killing Mapepe: Race, Sex, and Colonial Politics in Cold War Vieques

This essay explores the killing of an elderly civilian by U.S. servicemen on leave in Vieques Island, Puerto Rico in the 1950s, the subsequent general courts-martial of two marines who were charged with his killing, and the men’s stunning acquittal. For over sixty years, Vieques hosted a major U.S. military installation and large scale war game maneuvers that created considerable tension between residents and the military. A culture of sexual conquest prevailed, and racial tensions emanated from the newly desegregated armed forces. Our case study considers the intersection of race, sex and violence that eventuated in murder, and the complex colonial politics that interfered with justice.
Outcomes Following Operative Treatment of Adolescent Mallet Fractures

BackgroundMany surgeons advocate for surgical intervention of adult mallet fractures that involve either subluxation of the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint or those that involve more than one-th...
Preface: pancreas adenocarcinoma.

Pancreas adenocarcinoma remains a very challenging malignancy with a rising incidence globally and in particular in western countries such as the United States, and China.
Early Congenital Syphilis: Recognising Symptoms of an Increasingly Prevalent Disease.

Background:Congenital syphilis (CS) is an infectious disease resulting from transplacental transmission of Treponema pallidum spirochetes from an infected mother to fetus during pregnancy. While un...
Dissecting Amyloid Beta Deposition Using Distinct Strains of the Neurotropic Parasite Toxoplasma gondii as a Novel Tool.

Genetic and pathologic data suggest that amyloid beta (Aβ), produced by processing of the amyloid precursor protein, is a major initiator of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To gain new insights into Aβ modulation, we sought to harness the power of the coevolution between the neurotropic parasite Toxoplasma gondii and the mammalian brain. Two prior studies attributed Toxoplasma-associated protection against Aβ to increases in anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β and IL-10) and infiltrating phagocytic monocytes. These studies only used one Toxoplasma strain making it difficult to determine if the noted changes were associated with Aβ protection or simply infection. To address this limitation, we infected a third human amyloid precursor protein AD mouse model (J20) with each of the genetically distinct, canonical strains of Toxoplasma (Type I, Type II, or Type III). We then evaluated the central nervous system (CNS) for Aβ deposition, immune cell responses, global cytokine environment, and parasite burden. We found ...
Infant Serum and Maternal Milk Vitamin B-12 Are Positively Correlated in Kenyan Infant-Mother Dyads at 1-6 Months Postpartum, Irrespective of Infant Feeding Practice.

Author(s): Williams, Anne M; Stewart, Christine P; Shahab-Ferdows, Setareh; Hampel, Daniela; Kiprotich, Marion; Achando, Beryl; Lin, Audrie; Null, Clair A; Allen, Lindsay H; Chantry, Caroline J | Abstract: BackgroundVitamin B-12 is an essential nutrient required for many functions including DNA synthesis, erythropoiesis, and brain development. If maternal milk vitamin B-12 concentrations are low, infants may face elevated risks of deficiency when exclusively breastfed.ObjectiveWe evaluated cross-sectional associations between infant serum vitamin B-12 concentrations and maternal milk vitamin B-12 concentrations at 1-6 mo postpartum among an unsupplemented population in rural western Kenya, and assessed biological demographic, and dietary characteristics associated with adequate infant serum vitamin B-12.MethodsWe modeled 1) infant serum vitamin B-12 using maternal milk vitamin B-12 concentration with linear regression; and 2) adequate (g220 pmol/L) infant serum vitamin B-12 using hypothesized biological, demographic, and dietary predictors with logistic regression. In both models, we used generalized estimating equations to account for correlated observations at the cluster-level.ResultsThe median (quartile 1, quartile 3) infant serum vitamin B-12 concentration was 276 pmol/L (193, 399 pmol/L) and approximately one-third of infants had serum vitamin B-12 ≤220 pmol/L, indicating that they were vitamin B-12 depleted or deficient. There was a positive correlation between maternal milk and infant serum vitamin B-12 (r = 0.36, P l 0.001) and in multivariable analyses, maternal milk vitamin B-12 concentration was significantly associated with infant serum vitamin B-12 adequacy (P-trend = 0.03).ConclusionsDespite a high prevalence (90%) of maternal milk vitamin B-12 concentrations below the level used to establish the Adequate Intake (l310 pmol/L), there was a low prevalence of infant vitamin B-12 deficiency. We found few factors that were associated with infant vitamin B-12 adequacy in this population, including infant feeding practices, although maternal vitamin B-12 status was not measured. The contribution of maternal milk to infant vitamin B-12 status remains important to quantify across populations, given that maternal milk vitamin B-12 concentration is modifiable with supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01704105.
Apolipoprotein AI prevents regulatory to follicular helper T cell switching during atherosclerosis.

Regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to the anti-inflammatory response during atherogenesis. Here we show that during atherogenesis Treg cells lose Foxp3 expression and their immunosuppressive function, leading to the conversion of a fraction of these cells into T follicular helper (Tfh) cells. We show that Tfh cells are pro-atherogenic and that their depletion reduces atherosclerosis. Mechanistically, the conversion of Treg cells to Tfh cells correlates with reduced expression of IL-2Rα and pSTAT5 levels and increased expression of IL-6Rα. In vitro, incubation of naive T cells with oxLDL prevents their differentiation into Treg cells. Furthermore, injection of lipid-free Apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI) into ApoE-/- mice reduces intracellular cholesterol levels in Treg cells and prevents their conversion into Tfh cells. Together our results suggest that ApoAI, the main protein in high-density lipoprotein particles, modulates the cellular fate of Treg cells and thus influences the immune response during atherosclerosis.
Use of Urine Antigen Testing for Blastomyces in an Integrated Health System.

Purpose Blastomycosis, an endemic fungal infection, mimics many other diseases. We explored the use of Blastomyces urine antigen (BuAg), reportedly the most sensitive noninvasive test, in clinical practice and compared it to other noninvasive tests. Methods A total of 836 BuAg tests performed on unique patients (first test only) at one large integrated health system from June 2013 to May 2016 were retrospectively reviewed to examine test characteristics and demographic features. Of these, 100 cases from 2015, a year containing a large local blastomycosis outbreak, were randomly selected for detailed analysis. Results Demographics for the BuAg-tested population: mean age 54.9 years, 55.0% male, 78.9% white, 213 zip codes represented. Test results were positive in 49 of 836 (5.9%, across 43 zip codes); 16 of the 49 (32.7%) stemmed from the 2015 outbreak. BuAg-positive patients were younger than those who tested negative, even with outbreak subjects removed (48.1 vs 56.7 years, P=0.008); and Asians and males were overrepresented. Sensitivity/specificity/positive predictive value of BuAg test was 87.9%/97.9%/76.3%, respectively, based on 33 culture-positive cases. Only 2 of 20 culture-positive cases were found positive by Blastomyces antibody (Ab) immunodiffusion (ID) test and 0 of the other 18 by Ab complement fixation (CF). Of those with positive BuAg who were co-tested, 16.1% were positive by Ab ID and 3.9% by Ab CF. Histoplasma urine antigen was co-performed with BuAg in 578 patients (69.1%) and positive in 25 (4.3%); 16 of these 25 (64.0%) also were BuAg-positive (ie, known cross-reactivity). Of the 100 patients examined for index illness details, 7 (6 BuAg-positive) were ultimately diagnosed with blastomycosis, 7 other fungal disease, 26 noninfectious lung disease, 22 pneumonia, 5 skin lesions, 6 malignancies, 3 mycobacteria, 11 other, and 1 unknown. Of 100, 12 were tested by BuAg based on symptoms. Conclusions Blastomyces urine antigen is commonly used for work-up of broad differential diagnoses or known exposures. Not adding Ab ID/CF diagnostic tests ($80 each) to the BuAg test saves money without losing sensitivity.
The Barberry Eradication Program in Minnesota for Stem Rust Control: A Case Study

The Barberry Eradication Program was an unprecedented federal and state cooperative plant disease control campaign between 1918 and the late 1970s to remove common barberry ( Berberis vulgaris), the alternate host of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, from the major centers of wheat production in the United States. Eradication of barberry has been credited with helping to reduce stem rust of wheat to a minor problem in the United States by the end of the campaign. The Barberry Eradication Program has also been viewed as a model for successful eradication based on its robust leadership, effective publicity and public cooperation, forceful quarantine laws, and adaptive eradication methods and procedures employed in its field operations. The Barberry Eradication Program was particularly successful because of its leaders' ability to adapt to changing internal and external conditions over time. The program lasted nearly a century, extending through two world wars and the Great Depression, with each period producing unique challenges. Because of its central role, barberry eradication in Minnesota offers an excellent case study to examine how the program developed over time and ultimately achieved success.
Using a Computational Approach for Generalizing a Consensus Measure to Likert Scales of Any Size n

There are many consensus measures that can be computed using Likert data. Although these measures should work with any number n of choices on the Likert scale, the measurements have been most widely studied and demonstrated for n = 5. One measure of consensus introduced by Akiyama et al. for n = 5 and theoretically generalized to all n depends on both the mean and variance and gives results that can differentiate between some group consensus behavior patterns better than other measures that rely on either just the mean or just the variance separately. However, this measure is more complicated and not easy to apply and understand. This paper addresses these two common problems by introducing a new computational method to find the measure of consensus that works for any number of Likert item choices. The novelty of the approach is that it uses computational methods in -dimensional space. Numerical examples in three-dimensional (for n=6) and four-dimensional (for n=7) spaces are provided in this paper to assure the agreement of the computational and theoretical approach outputs.
Advances in Alzheimer’s Disease Research: Implications for Family Caregiving

Three areas of research hold interest for family members of persons with dementia. These pertain to research concerning the person with dementia, the process of caregiving, and the impact of caregiving on the caregivers. Whereas a complete discussion of these issues is beyond the scope of this chapter, some of the highlights of this research will be described below.
Origin of high stereocontrol in olefin cyclopropanation catalyzed by an engineered carbene transferase.

Recent advances in metalloprotein engineering have led to the development of a myoglobin-based catalyst, Mb(H64V,V68A), capable of promoting the cyclopropanation of vinylarenes with high efficiency...
Paranasal Sinus CT Is of Variable Value in Patients with Pediatric Cancer with Neutropenic Fever.

When patients with pediatric cancer are found to have a fever without a source, CT of the paranasal sinuses, chest, abdomen, and pelvis has often been used as a screening tool. I question the role of sinus CT in this protocol. It is commonly understood among radiologists that most children have
Predictors of Student Engagement in Learning Communities.

Introduction:Little is known about what factors predict student engagement in learning communities (LCs). At our institution, we recently converted from an informal, unfunded program with volunteer...
On a side note: observations on using digital notes on a large display with users sitting at extreme sides

Collaborative work on large high-resolution displays is shown to have many advantages and is getting more affordable all the time. Using notes with summaries, ideas, and reminders on large displays can offer improvement on workflows that can benefit from spatial arrangement. In this paper, we focus on the Quick Notes application in the SAGE2 collaborative environment for large displays. Specifically, since visibility of content is diminished at the extreme sides, we want to know what is the connection, if there is one, between sitting position in relation to the large display and workflow.
2019 Report: Student Affiliates of Seventeen (SAS):

Ball State University’s tenure as host institution for Student Affiliates of Division Seventeen (SAS) has come to an end as of August 2019. While maintaining the purpose of increasing student membe...
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 is critical to in vivo angiogenesis, growth and metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer

Loss of monoubiquitination of histone H2B (H2Bub1) was found to be associated with poor differentiation, cancer stemness, and enhanced malignancy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Herein, we investigated the biological significance and therapeutic implications of ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22), an H2Bub1 deubiquitinase, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). USP22 expression and its clinical relevance were assessed in NSCLC patients. The effects of USP22 knockout on sensitivity to cisplatin and irradiation, and growth, metastasis of NSCLC xenografts, and survival of cancer-bearing mice were investigated. The underlying mechanisms of targeting USP22 were explored. Overexpression of USP22 was observed in 49.0% (99/202) of NSCLC tissues; higher USP22 immunostaining was found to be associated with enhanced angiogenesis and recurrence of NSCLC. Notably, USP22 knockout dramatically suppressed in vitro proliferation, colony formation; and angiogenesis, growth, metastasis of A549 and H1299 in mouse xenograft model, and significantly prolonged survival of metastatic cancer-bearing mice. Furthermore, USP22 knockout significantly impaired non-homologous DNA damage repair capacity, enhanced cisplatin and irradiation-induced apoptosis in these cells. In terms of underlying mechanisms, RNA sequencing and gene ontology enrichment analysis demonstrated that USP22 knockout significantly suppressed angiogenesis, proliferation, EMT, RAS, c-Myc pathways, concurrently enhanced oxidative phosphorylation and tight junction pathways in A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells. Immunoblot analysis confirmed that USP22 knockout upregulated E-cadherin, p16; reduced ALDH1A3, Cyclin E1, c-Myc, and attenuated activation of AKT and ERK pathways in these cells. Our findings suggest USP22 plays critical roles in the malignancy and progression of NSCLC and provide rationales for targeting USP22, which induces broad anti-cancer activities, as a novel therapeutic strategy for NSCLC patient.
Using Epistemic Considerations in Teaching: Fostering Students’ Meaningful Engagement in Scientific Modeling

Engaging students in modeling in a disciplinarily productive way is both important and challenging for teachers. While our prior research as well as that of others indicates that successfully engaging students in scientific modeling depends on aspects such as curriculum sequencing, empirical investigations, computer simulations, social interactions, and teacher scaffolding, these aspects do not capture students’ meaningful, as opposed to procedural, engagement in modeling. We argue that students’ meaningful engagement in scientific modeling requires students to be cognizant of the purposes of models, an important aspect of modeling competence, as they are engaged in the practice. In this chapter, we use our earlier work developing a learning progression for scientific modeling and an Epistemologies in Practices framework to characterize the range of student ideas about the purposes of models as they engaged in modeling. We illustrate meaningful engagement in scientific modeling through an example of a 5th grade elementary science teacher in the United States who implemented a 6-week modeling-based unit on evaporation and condensation. In particular, we demonstrate that it is important for teachers to address epistemic considerations when engaging students in modeling and provide scaffolds that contextualize them in concrete and approachable ways. We also compare the epistemologies in practice framework with the framework for modeling comptence in terms of the intended use for research as well as their implications for practical instruction.
Deficits in Bone Geometry in Growth Hormone-Deficient Prepubertal Boys Revealed by High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography.

Introduction: Although growth hormone (GH) is essential for attainment of peak bone mass, bone health in prepubertal children with GH deficiency is not routinely evaluated. The objective of this study was to evaluate bone microarchitecture in GH-deficient (GHD) boys using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Methods: Fifteen control and fifteen GHD, GH naive pre-pubertal boys were recruited for a case-control study at a major academic center. Subjects with panhypopituitarism, chromosomal pathology, chronic steroids, or stimulant use were excluded. Volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD; total, cortical, and trabecular), bone geometry (total, cortical and trabecular cross-sectional area, cortical perimeter), bone microarchitecture, and estimated bone strength of the distal radius and tibia were assessed by HR-pQCT. Areal BMD and body composition were assessed by DXA. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), osteocalcin, C telopeptide, and P1NP levels were measured. Results: GHD subjects had a signiﬁcantly smaller cortical perimeter of the distal radius compared to controls (p < 0.001), with the difference in cortical perimeter persisting after adjusting for height z score, age, lean mass, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D level (p < 0.05).No significant differences were found in vBMD. No significant differences were found in microarchitecture, estimated strength, areal BMD, body composition, or bone turnover markers. Analysis showed significant positive correlations between IGF-1 levels and cortical parameters. Discussion/Conclusions: Prepubertal GHD boys had deficits in bone geometry not evident with DXA. Larger prospective/longitudinal HR-pQCT studies are needed to determine the extent of these deficits, the need for routine bone evaluation, and the timing of GH replacement for prevention or restoration of these deficits.
Pulling Strings Doesn't Work in Court: Moving Beyond Puppetry in the Relationship Between Prosecutors and Rape Survivors

Rape survivors, as witnesses, are partners in the criminal justice process, whether prosecutors acknowledge this or not. Minimizing rape survivors' experiences of a second assault requires that prosecutors become responsive to their key witnesses' realities and motivations and provide greater information and support before and during court events. When prosecutors approach witness preparation from the standpoint of their own needs they provide information and instruction that is too little and too late. When prosecutors approach survivors' emotions as resources they may undermine their case by adding to the negative emotional impact of the court event on their witness.
Local provenance of raw materials for prehistoric pottery production at the Spasovine tin placer site (Western Serbia)

Archaeological finds at Spasovine, on the south flank of Mt Cer, near the town of Milina, indicate that it was settled in the Eneolithic and seasonally inhabited for tin placer mining in the Late Bronze Age. The site is highly disturbed and abraded domestic pottery is the most common material found. An analysis of the mineralogical assemblages that comprise the temper sand in a subset of the prehistoric pottery sherds from the site indicate that the sand was obtained from the adjacent Milinska River. Key minerals that link the pottery to on-site production from local materials include almandine-spessartine series garnets, the tin-bearing mineral cassiterite (SnO2) and a microlite group mineral ([Ca,Sn,U]2[Ta,Nb]2O6(OH,F]). The unusually common occurrence of cassiterite within the pottery sherds relative to the abundance in the Milinska today suggests that the tin ore grade in the Milinska River may have been significantly higher in prehistory.
Self-similarity & the Foundation of Effective Field Theory

We argue that the fundamental symmetries of effective field theory can be traced to the onset of self-similarity . In particular, the scale-free structure of fractal geometry lies at the heart of invariance principles in classical and quantum field theory.
Household Debt and Unemployment

We use a labor-search model to explain why the worst employment slumps often follow expansions of household debt. We find that households protected by limited liability suffer from a household-debt-overhang problem that leads them to require high wages to work. Firms respond by posting high wages but few vacancies. This vacancy-posting effect implies that household debt leads to high unemployment. Even though households borrow from banks via bilaterally optimal contracts, the equilibrium level of household debt is inefficiently high due to a household-debt externality. We analyze the role that a financial regulator can play in mitigating this externality.
Authentic style–fashion–dress negotiations of married lesbian couples on their wedding day

In 2015, a United States Supreme Court ruling allowed same-sex marriage in all 50 states. Since that time, there have been over one million same-sex marriages in the United States, and the number o...
When is an invariant mean the limit of a Følner net

Abstract Let G be a locally compact amenable group, TLIM ( G ) the topological left-invariant means on G, and TLIM 0 ( G ) the limit points of Folner-nets. I show that TLIM 0 ( G ) = TLIM ( G ) unless G is σ-compact non-unimodular, in which case TLIM 0 ( G ) ≠ TLIM ( G ) . This improves a 1970 result of Chou and a 2009 result of Hindman and Strauss. I consider the analogous problem for the non-topological left-invariant means, and give a short construction of a net converging to invariance “weakly but not strongly,” simplifying the proof of a 2001 result of Rosenblatt and Willis. I conclude with a discussion of some open problems.
Mean flow structure and velocity–bed shear stress maxima phase difference in smooth wall, transitionally turbulent oscillatory boundary layers: experimental observations

Direct numerical simulations of oscillatory boundary-layer flows in the transitional regime were performed to explain discrepancies in the literature regarding the phase difference is the angular velocity based on the period of the oscillation T). Variations of the mean velocity slope and intersect values for oscillatory flows are also explained in terms of the proximity to near-equilibrium conditions. Relaminarization and transition effects can significantly delay the development of OBL flows, resulting in an incomplete transition. The shape and defect factors are examined as diagnostic parameters for conditions that allow the formation of a logarithmic profile with the universal von Karman constant and intersect. These findings are of relevance for environmental fluid mechanics and coastal morphodynamics/engineering applications.
Personal Injury Income Tax Exclusion: An Analysis and Update

In the Small Business Job Protection Act of 1996 Congress decided to limit the exclusion for personal injury awards in Internal Revenue Code section 104(a)(2) to any compensatory damages received on account of personal physical injuries or physical sickness. Previously the law did not contain the word "physical." Thus, Congress intended to eliminate the benefits of the exclusion for non-physical torts such as employment discrimination and defamation. Unfortunately, neither the law nor legislative history provides sufficient explanation of the meaning of "physical." The author discusses the nature of the ambiguities and suggests that the whole purpose of the exclusion is being frustrated because Congress should have focused on what the author calls the "human capital" theory of the exclusion. As a result, the author suggests alternatives to the wording of the exclusion to permit non-taxability only to the extent the victim suffered a loss to his/her physical well being including emotional trauma. In the case of damages awarded for loss of earning power, they should, unlike current law, be taxed even in the case where the victim suffered a physical injury or sickness.
Chapter 7 Biochemical Fractionation of Oocytes

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the biochemical fractionation of oocytes. To appreciate the biochemical composition of Xenopus oocytes, one should understand some basic facts about oogenesis. During oogenesis, the oocyte is programmed to accumulate enough macromolecules and organelles to last into early embryogenesis. This accumulation is important because the biosynthetic activities of the embryo do not begin immediately on fertilization. Oogenesis in Xenopus takes approximately three months, progressing through a series of developmental stages termed I to VI. During this time, one of the most obvious changes in the oocyte is its increase in size, from a diameter of 50 μm to 1.2 mm. The main cause for this increase in size is the accumulation of yolk proteins, which begins in stage II. In addition to accumulating yolk proteins, the oocyte is synthesizing protein of its own as well. Protein synthesis proceeds at an essentially steady pace through oogenesis. This chapter describes few of the protocols for separating oocytes into various subcellular fractions. Oocytes can be fractionated in two ways. Because of their large size, it is possible to dissect manually some cellular components away from others. The chapter presents protocols devised particularly for analysis of fractions by gel electrophoresis.
Accuracy and efficiency in computational chemistry: the correlation consistent composite approach

One of the central concerns of computational chemistry is that of efficiency (i.e. the development of methodologies which will yield increased accuracy of prediction without requiring additional computational resources—RAM, disk space, computing time). Though the equations of quantum mechanics are known, the solutions to these equations often require a great deal of computing power. This dissertation primarily concerns the theme of improved computational efficiency (i.e. the achievement of greater accuracy with reduced computational cost). Improvements in the efficiency of computational chemistry are explored first in terms of the correlation consistent composite approach (ccCA). The ccCA methodology was modified and this enhanced ccCA methodology was tested against the diverse G3/05 set of 454 energetic properties. As computational efficiency improves, molecules of increasing size may be studied and this dissertation explored the issues (differential correlation and size extensivity effects) associated with obtaining chemically accurate (within 1 kcal mol −1) enthalpies of formation for hydrocarbon molecules of escalating size. Two applied projects are also described; these projects concerned the theoretical prediction of a novel rare gas compound, FKrOH, and the mechanism of human glutathione synthetase’s (hGS) negative cooperativity. The final work examined the prospect for the parameterization of the modified embedded atom method (MEAM) potential using first principles calculations of dimer and trimer energies of nickel and carbon systems. This method of parameterization holds promise for increasing the accuracy of simulations for bulk properties within the field of materials science.