cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Liver Disease in Adult and Pediatric Patients

There are essentially 3 types of hepatobiliary disorders associated with parenteral nutrition (PN) therapy: steatosis, cholestasis, and gallbladder sludge/stones. Reported prevalence rates of PN-associated liver disease (PNALD) vary greatly, and there are distinct differences between adult and pediatric patients. Various etiologic factors have been evaluated for significance in contributing to PNALD, including enteral feeding history, septic events, bacterial overgrowth, length of intestinal resection, and prematurity/low birth weight. Etiologic factors specifically related to the PN formulation or nutrient intake have also been evaluated, including excessive calorie intake, dextrose-to-lipid ratio, amino acid dose, taurine deficiency, IV fat emulsion (IVFE) dose, carnitine deficiency, choline deficiency, and continuous vs cyclic infusion. Minor increases in serum aminotransferase concentrations are relatively common in patients receiving PN therapy and generally require no intervention. The primary indicator of cholestasis is a serum conjugated bilirubin >2 mg/dL. When a patient receiving PN develops liver complications, it is necessary to rule out all treatable causes and minimize other risk factors. All potential hepatotoxic medications and herbal supplements should be eliminated. Modifications to the PN regimen that may be helpful include reduction of calories, reduction of IVFE dose to <1 g/kg/d, supplementation of taurine in the infant, and use of cyclic infusion. Initiation of even small amounts of enteral nutrition and use of ursodiol may be beneficial in stimulating bile flow. In the long-term PN patient with severe and progressive liver disease, intestinal or liver transplantation may be the only remaining treatment option.
Childhood, death, and human dignity: Hypnotherapy for David

Abstract Hypnotherapy can be a significant part of the treatment of a dying child. A detailed clinical report illustrates how hypnotherapy was integrated with other treatment modalities to help a terminally ill child and his family cope effectively with problems and enhance their ability to use their own resources for personal growth and mastery throughout the dying process.
Contemporary systematic philosophies

During the past decade, taxonomists have been engaged in a controversy over the proper methods and foundations of biological classification. Although methodologically inclined taxonomists had been discussing these issues for years, the emergence of an energetic and vocal school of taxonomists, headed by Sokal and Sneath, increased the urgency of the dispute. This phenetic school of taxonomy had its origins in a series of papers in which several workers attempted to quantify the processes and procedures used by taxonomists to classify organisms. Of special interest was the process of weighting. These early papers give the impression that the primary motivation for the movement was the desire to make taxonomy sufficiently explicit and precise to permit quantification and, hence, the utilization of computers as aids in classification [22, 23, 41, 91, 106, 107, 111, 112], The initial conclusion that these authors seemed to come to was that taxonomy, as it was then being practiced, was too vague, intuitive, and diffuse to permit quantification. Hence, the procedures and foundations of biological classification had to be changed.
T-cell receptors in channel catfish: structure and expression of TCR α and β genes

Abstract Herein are reported full length cDNA sequences for TCR α- and β-chains of the channel catfish. Included are sequences belonging to four Vα and six Vβ families which share hallmarks in common with the Vα and Vβ genes of other species. Similar to the situation in other vertebrates, the catfish Cα and Cβ sequences exhibit distinct immunoglobulin, connecting peptide, transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. However, the catfish TCR Cα and Cβ regions are shorter than those of mammals and the catfish Cβ chain lacks a cysteine in its connecting peptide region. Two different catfish Cβ cDNA sequences were identified, suggesting the existence of either two Cβ loci or allotypes. Based on Southern blot analyses, each of the catfish TCR gene loci appear to be arranged in a translocon (as opposed to multicluster) organization with multiple V elements and a single or few copies of C region DNA. At the deduced amino acid level, the catfish Cβ sequence exhibits 42% identity with the Cβ of Atlantic salmon, 41% identity with the Cβ of rainbow trout and 26% identity with Cβ of the horned shark. The catfish Cα amino acid sequence exhibits 44 and 29% identity with Cα of the rainbow trout and southern pufferfish, respectively. TCRα and β messages are selectively expressed and rearranged in a catfish clonal cell line that appears to be of the T lineage. This TCR α⧹β expressing clonal lymphocyte line, designated 28S.1, has T-cell like function in that it constitutively produces a supernatant factor(s) with growth promoting activity. These findings should facilitate functional studies of fish TCRs and T cells in ways not previously possible with other lower vertebrate models.
Optimal motion planning in the image plane for mobile robots

This paper presents a novel approach to image-based visual servoing by making motion plans directly in the image plane. By skipping the step of transferring image features back to robot pose, we are able to utilize the image features for a direct and fast motion planning solution. Standard visual servoing techniques can then be applied to tract the given trajectory. In this paper, we have applied the idea to 2D and 3D (kinematic) motion planning and discussed the mechanisms for taking advantage of surplus features and incorporating other image-based constraints, such as that the targets always remain in the field of view.
SCAVENGING BEHAVIOR IN PUMA

Abstract We examined scavenging on mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus) carcasses by puma (Puma concolor) in the Peninsular Ranges of San Diego County, California. Between January 2001 and October 2003, we placed 44 deer carcasses at 23 sites and used them to examine scavenging events. We also documented 2 additional deer carcasses, not placed as bait, that were scavenged by puma. Eight to 12 puma (6 males, 2 to 5 females, and 1 of unknown sex) scavenged 20 of 46 deer carcasses (43.5%) at 12 of the 25 sites. Six puma (4 males, 2 females) were captured 7 times at scavenging sites. We identified 7 scavenging puma (5 males, 2 females) through captures and telemetry, and 1 unmarked, scavenging male from a camera trap. The 7 telemetered puma that scavenged ranged in age from 11 months to 9 years, and each individual scavenged on 1 to 6 deer (mean = 2.3). Deer carcasses were found and scavenged by puma from 1 to 14 days (mean = 5 days) after deposition, when carcass conditions ranged from frozen and fresh to rotting...
THE EFFECT OF THE 1997–1998 EL NIÑO ON RHINOCEROS AUKLETS ON PROTECTION ISLAND, WASHINGTON

Abstract The 1997–1998 El Nino event was one of the most severe warm episodes the Pacific Ocean experienced during the 20th century. In Washington, it resulted in above-normal sea surface temperatures and sea levels during 1997–1998 on the state's outer coast and in the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Sea surface temperature anomalies of the two areas were highly correlated during 1995–2000. Rhinoceros Auklet (Cerorhinca monocerata) chick growth rates on Protection Island in the eastern Strait of Juan de Fuca were significantly lower (19%) during the El Nino years. Although chicks' peak weights were lowest during 1997, they did not significantly differ from non-El Nino years, suggesting that birds were able to compensate for smaller or less frequent chick feedings by extending the chicks' time in the burrow. Consequently, chicks were also significantly older at peak weight during this warm event, which likely led to prolonged fledging periods. However, the 1997–1998 El Nino did not affect other aspects of Rhinoce...
Echocardiographic parameters in clinical responders to surgical pericardiectomy - A single center experience with chronic constrictive pericarditis.

Abstract Background Chronic constrictive pericarditis (CCP) is the end result of chronic inflammation of the pericardium. Developing countries continue to face a significant burden of CCP secondary to tuberculous pericarditis. Surgical pericardiectomy offers potential cure. However, there is paucity of echocardiography data in post-pericardiectomy patients vis-a-vis their clinical status. We studied the changes in multiple echocardiographic parameters in these patients before and after pericardiectomy. Methods Twenty-three patients (14 men, 9 women) who underwent pericardiectomy for CCP in the last 5 years (from January 2009 to December 2014) were subjected to detailed clinical and echocardiographic evaluation during the study period (between June 2013 and December 2014). Patients with residual symptoms of NYHA class II and below were considered as ‘responders’. The data thus obtained were compared to the pre-operative parameters. Results After pericardiectomy, the incidence of vena caval congestion decreased from 100% to 15% (p Conclusion Among clinical responders to surgical pericardiectomy, echocardiographic assessment revealed a significant reduction in vena caval congestion, LA size, ratio of LA to aortic annulus, septal bounce, respiratory variation in mitral and tricuspid E velocities, mitral annular medial e′ and the phenomenon of annulus reversus. Also, there was a significant rise in minimum tricuspid and mitral E velocities and the E/e′ ratio.
Tests with Kepone and Mirex for the Control of Carpet Beetle Larvae in Fabric

Kepone® (decachlorooctahydro-1,3,4-metheno-2 H -cyclobuta[cd]pentalen-2-one) and mirex in acetone solution at 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, and 0.06%, added to test wool, have been shown to be proofing agents against attack by fabricfeeding insects. Each compound demonstrated initial effectiveness and some retention following drycleaning manipulations in perchloroethylene; however, depletion became evident during the first wetwashing. Bioassays were conducted under augmented Chemical Specialties Manufacturers Association standards involving body weight losses and starvation controls designed to rule out the question of possible antifeeding activity. The greatly reduced oral and dermal toxicity of mirex appears to justify further evaluation under dye-vat procedure, where it is expected greater fastness may be realized.
Comparative utilization of raw and autoclaved soy bean protein by the human.

Conclusions1. Both raw and autoclaved soy bean protein support positive nitrogen balance in the adult human. 2. Nitrogen retention is about 20% greater with the autoclaved material than with the raw material.
Anti-Colonial Japanophilia and the constraints of an Islamic Japanology: information and affect in the Indian encounter with Japan

Against a background of expansive Indian and Middle Eastern interest in Japan after the Russo-Japanese War, this essay examines the epistemological foundations of this evolving knowledge about Japan through a deconstructive case study of an important but neglected Urdu text. By drawing an analytical distinction between Japanophilia and Japanology, the aim is to measure the opportunities and constraints that defined Indian Muslim understanding of East Asia in the inter-war period. Through a contextualized close reading of the Haqiqat-e Japan, the essay reconstructs the infrastructural, social and intellectual networks that gave shape to the most detailed Urdu study of Japan to appear before the better known Indian nationalist alliances with Japan during the Second World War. The text has been selected for being the most detailed and best informed of the many Urdu books about Japan to appear between the beginning of Indian interest in Japan in the late nineteenth century and the outbreak of the Second World...
Temporal Variation in Activity of Bats and the Design of Echolocation-Monitoring Studies

I used Anabat II bat detectors to monitor echolocation calls of bats over two streams in the Oregon Coast Range for a total of 195 detector-nights. Activity of bats was positively correlated with biomass of insects and minimum nightly temperature, and was negatively correlated with length of night; activity levels at the two streams were positively correlated. Activity of bats was not significantly correlated with either hours of moonlight or with phase of moon. Level of activity within a night generally peaked shortly after sunset with a second, smaller peak in activity shortly before sunrise, but patterns varied substantially among nights. Total nightly activity at a site also varied substantially among nights, sometimes varying several-fold on consecutive nights. To assess the implications of temporal variation in activity of bats on sampling, I randomly sampled subsets of the data using from 2- to 12-night sample periods and calculated mean levels of activity for each subset. For subsets with seven or more nights, >60% of the subsets had means that were within 20% of the mean of the entire dataset. Less than 50% of the subsets had means within 10% of the mean of the entire dataset for any number of nights subsampled. When comparing activity between sites, use of blocked or paired designs improved sampling efficiency by 20%. Failure to account for temporal variation in activity of bats when designing research projects and monitoring programs could result in biased estimates of activity of bats.
Effects of Bound States on Dark Matter Annihilation

We study the impact of bound state formation on dark matter annihilation rates in models where dark matter interacts via a light mediator, the dark photon. We derive the general cross section for radiative capture into all possible bound states, and point out its nontrivial dependence on the dark matter velocity and the dark photon mass. For indirect detection, our result shows that dark matter annihilation inside bound states can play an important role in enhancing signal rates over the rate for direct dark matter annihilation with Sommerfeld enhancement. The effects are strongest for large dark gauge coupling and when the dark photon mass is smaller than the typical momentum of dark matter in the Galaxy. As an example, we show that for thermal dark matter the Fermi gamma ray constraint is substantially increased once bound state effects are taken into account. We also find that bound state effects are not important for dark matter annihilation during the freeze-out and recombination epochs.
U.S. Dietary Guidelines: An Evidence-Free Zone

On 7 January 2016, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and Department of Agriculture released the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015–2020. This commentary discusses the new guidelin...
Study on Borehole Sloughing and Drilling Fluid Technology for Drilling in Qian'an Area.

Borehole instability has been a severe downhole trouble in the drilling operation in Qian'an,Jilin Oilfield.Analyses of the formation samples from the instable formation show that the instable shale is a weak swelling and weak-intermediate dispersion brittle shale.An organo-silicon filming drilling fluid was formulated and used in Qian'an area,minimizing the shale-related downhole troubles during drilling.
Thyroidectomy, parathyroidectomy, and modified neck dissection.

Operations designed to correct thyroid and parathyroid disorders are characterized by complex endocrine and metabolic dimensions and problems related to the preservation of an adequate airway during the immediate postoperative period. The author discusses the complications of these operations with emphasis placed on their prevention.
Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

A retrospective analysis of 62 children with cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVM) seen over 17 years is reported from Hospital B, Lille, France.
3-D Memristor Crossbars for Analog and Neuromorphic Computing Applications

We report a monolithically integrated 3-D metal-oxide memristor crossbar circuit suitable for analog, and in particular, neuromorphic computing applications. The demonstrated crossbar is based on Pt/Al2O3/TiO2– x /TiN/Pt memristors and consists of a stack of two passive $10\times10$ crossbars with shared middle electrodes. The fabrication process has a low, less than 175 °C, temperature budget and includes a planarization step performed before the deposition of the second crossbar layer. These features greatly improve yield and uniformity of the crosspoint devices and allows for utilizing such a fabrication process for integration with CMOS circuits as well as for stacking of multiple crossbar layers. Furthermore, the integrated crosspoint memristors are optimized for analog computing applications allowing successful forming and switching of all 200 devices in the demonstrated crossbar circuit, and, most importantly, precise tuning of the devices’ conductance values within the dynamic range of operation. We believe that the demonstrated work is an important milestone toward the implementation of analog artificial neural networks, specifically, those based on 3-D CMOL circuits.
Differences Between a Standards-Based Curriculum and Traditional Textbooks in High School Earth Science

This study investigates differences between a curriculum based on the National Science Education Standards and curricula following two traditional textbooks. Earth System Science in the Community (EarthComm) and the “most used” high school earth science textbooks in the United States and Korea were analysed in terms of general features, questioning style, and level of laboratory activities by two experts using Textbook Questioning Strategies Assessment Instrument and Herron's four levels of activities. The inter-rater reliability varied from 0.91 to 0.97 for questioning style depending on each individual book and 0.99 for laboratory activities. The results showed that the standards-based curriculum EarthComm included the largest number of pages and laboratory activities with the least number of chapters and concepts among the three textbooks compared. The standards-based curriculum included by far more questions and the largest percentage of experiential questions compared to both of the most-used traditi...
Rooting Characteristics of Solanum chacoense and Solanum tuberosum in Vitro

The precise level of environmental control in vitro may aid in identifying genetically superior plant germplasm for rooting characteristics (RC) linked to increased foraging for plant nitrogen (N). The objectives of this research were to determine the phenotypic variation in root morphological responses of 49 Solanum chacoense (chc), 30 Solanum tuberosum Group Phureja – Solanum tuberosum Group Stenotomum (phu-stn), and three Solanum tuberosum (tbr) genotypes to 1.0 and 0.5 N rate in vitro for 28 d, and identify genotypes with superior RC. The 0.5 N significantly increased density of root length, surface area, and tips. All RC were significantly greater in chc than in either phu-stn or tbr. Based upon clustering on root length, surface area, and volume, the cluster with the greatest rooting values consisted of eight chc genotypes that may be utilized to initiate a breeding program to improve RC in potato.
America's first century of marine national park stewardship

ABSTRACT A review of coastal national park stewardship reveals a rich history that provides evidence of how nature and human history shaped current conditions along America's coasts. Case studies of Dry Tortugas National Park and Everglades National Park in Florida, and Channel Islands National Park in California exemplify how such experiences can help identify future directions and challenges for protecting coastal areas. Discoveries include (1) ecological and political borders are often incompatible because shorelines are ineffective ecological boundaries, (2) scales of protection are critical for management efficacy, (3) forging effective management solutions requires strategic, innovative public involvement, and (4) misperceptions of connectivity, sustainability, and relevance impair effective coastal conservation. This history and these stewardship experiences also demonstrated the potential power of protected areas to halt shifting ecological and moral baselines, thereby defining realistic imaginati...
Environmental and Dietary Carcinogens Possibly Related to Colorectal Cancer

Since the early beginnings of research in the field of chemical carcinogenesis scientists have suspected that factors in the environment may contribute to the genesis of human cancers. Because the human diet is essentially a compilation of many and varied chemical nutrients, it has been logical to assume that some of the nutrients could be related to the carcinogenic process. We live, however, in a sea of environmental chemicals. Many of these agents, which may lack nutritional properties, can pass through the oral gateway and into the digestive tract where they may be involved figuring in some way in initiation and promotion, the two conceptual divisions of chemical carcinogenesis.
The security of electronic auction systems

This paper analyses some specific issues about the auditing of electronic auction systems. Communication within the Internet online auction systems generally takes place without users being in physical contact or knowing anything about each other. Therefore, they have to rely upon that mechanisms implemented within these online systems: reputation systems. Most of these mechanisms are based on the creation of a trustworthy environment, with the help of additional attributes associated with users and their roles. These attributes are constructed based upon previous transactions or recommendations (positive or negative comments about such transactions). In this paper, we have focused on analysis of some elements of online auction systems which are specific and important when auditing these systems. The creation of trust in the online auction environment is the basis for proper functioning of these environments.
Diagnosis and Classification of the BCR-ABL1-Negative Myeloproliferative Neoplasms

The myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorders characterized by dysregulated proliferation and expansion of one or more of the myeloid lineages (erythroid, granulocytic, megakaryocytic, monocytic/macrophage, or mast cell). This dysregulation is thought to be a consequence of genetic abnormalities at the level of stem/progenitor cells. Most of the cases are initially diagnosed in a proliferative phase when maturation of the neoplastic cells in the bone marrow is effective and numbers of granulocytes, erythrocytes, and/or platelets in the peripheral blood are increased. Although their onset is often insidious, each MPN has the potential to progress to bone marrow failure due to myelofibrosis, ineffective hematopoiesis, and/or transformation to acute leukemia. Acute leukemia is defined as 20% or more blasts in the peripheral blood and/or bone marrow or by the appearance of a myeloid sarcoma in extramedullary tissue. In some patients, the initial proliferative stage is not apparent or is of very short duration, and the MPN is first recognized in a progressed stage. At diagnosis, splenomegaly and hepatomegaly are common and often become more prominent during the disease course. The organomegaly is caused by sequestration of excess blood cells in the spleen and liver, extramedullary hematopoiesis, or both.
Nuances of Prospective Teachers’ Interpretations of Integer Word Problems

This chapter identifies the ways in which 15 prospective teachers engage the strands of mathematical proficiency as they solve word problems involving integer addition and subtraction. The prospective teachers, through think-aloud interviews, demonstrated a strong focus on solving problems using procedures, which some did not explain and others explained in detail. Number line representations were popular ways to illustrate solution methods, especially to highlight distances to and from zero. Further, some problems elicited a variety of strategies, while others mainly elicited procedures. The collective think-aloud data reveal strong, interconnected strands that could help individuals reflect on procedural versus conceptual knowledge and how best to explain and make connections among the ideas involved in the problems.
Process options and market considerations for paper grade kaolin from Minnesota resources

The State of Minnesota is interested in stimulating the development of clay resources and recently supported a two-year project to collect data on geological, mineralogical, processing, economic and environmental aspects of such potential developments. This paper presents the various process options adopted on bulk samples collected from the Minnesota River Valley area, which is a primary deposit and contains a major silica fraction. A standard test flowsheet involving degritting, dispersion, HGMS and cycloning was developed and for some samples yielded an acceptable filler grade product. Secondary streams containing relatively high grade kaolin but of coarse size were also obtained. Improvement in particle size distribution and in physical properties related to paper product specifications (brightness, viscosity) were obtained by size-reduction processes. Market and economic considerations for kaolin consumption in the upper Midwest are analyzed. Current markets for paper grade kaolin in Minnesota are briefly discussed.
New Insights into Quinine-DNA Binding Using Raman Spectroscopy and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

Quinine’s ability to bind DNA and potentially inhibit transcription and translation has been examined as a mode of action for its antimalarial activity. UV absorption and fluorescence-based studies have lacked the chemical specificity to develop an unambiguous molecular-level picture of the binding interaction. To address this, we use Raman spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) to investigate quinine–DNA interactions. We demonstrate that quinine’s strongest Raman band in the fingerprint region, which derives from a symmetric stretching mode of the quinoline ring, is highly sensitive to the local chemical environment and pH. The frequency shifts observed for this mode in solvents of varying polarity can be explained in terms of the Stark effect using a simple Onsager solvation model, indicating that the vibration reports on the local electrostatic environment. However, specific chemical interactions between the quinoline ring and its environment, such as hydrogen bonding and π-stacking, perturb the freq...
Prediction of Worst-Case Radiation Immunity in Cable Harnesses

Radio frequency immunity standards (e.g., RTCA/DO-160G, RTCA/DO-160F) require determining the differential voltage across shielded wires of cable harnesses placed over the metal plate. Due to the external radiation from the antenna, common mode currents are induced on the shields of wires. Through the shield imperfections the outer common mode is converted to the inner common mode of the harness, which in turn is converted to the differential mode. The presented work proposes the equivalent circuit model and methodology for prediction of the worst-case envelope for differential mode signals induced in cable harnesses placed over a ground plane. The induced signals are calculated using the circuit simulation avoiding the need for any 3D calculations. Experimental measurements validate the results.
Socioeconomic Disparities in the Acute Management of Stone Disease in the United States

Abstract Introduction: Patients admitted to the hospital with an acute, noninfected episode of urolithiasis are candidates for medical expulsive therapy, ureteral stent placement, or upfront ureter...
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of lamotrigine for prescription corticosteroid effects on the human hippocampus.

Abstract In animals, stress and corticosteroid excess are associated with decreases in memory performance and hippocampal volume that may be prevented with agents that decrease glutamate release. Humans also demonstrate changes in memory and hippocampus with corticosteroids. In this report the effects of glutamate-release inhibitor lamotrigine on hippocampal structure and memory were examined in people receiving medically needed prescription corticosteroid therapy. A total of 54 outpatient adults (n = 28 women) receiving chronic (≥ 6 months) oral corticosteroid therapy were randomized to lamotrigine or placebo for 48 weeks. Declarative memory was assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT); structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (1HMRS) focused on hippocampus were obtained at baseline and week 48. Utilizing a mixed-model approach, structural and biochemical data were examined by separate ANOVAs, and memory was assessed with a multi-level longitudinal model. RAVLT total scores demonstrated significantly better declarative memory performance with lamotrigine than placebo (p = 0.047). Hippocampal subfield volumes were not significantly different between the treatment groups. In summary, lamotrigine was associated with less decline in declarative memory performance than placebo in corticosteroid-treated patients. Findings suggest that, in humans as well as in animal models, glutamate release inhibitors may attenuate some of the effects on the human memory associated with corticosteroids.
The Sensing I/Eye: Bringing The Drone Down to Earth

This paper draws from art, activism, and other critical practices to examine the question of whether one can speak of an aesthetics of drones, or indeed what sensory registers even make knowledge of drones possible. Given that drones themselves are typically sensing devices that depend for their functionality on remaining obscured, a variety of practices are required for understanding how drones operate as instruments of political and social life.
Palladium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Alkenylation of Enelactams Using a Relay Heck Strategy

In this report, a palladium-catalyzed redox-relay Heck process to access optically active alkenylated α,β-unsaturated lactams is described. Under mild reaction conditions, electron-deficient alkenyl triflates and electron-rich alkenyl iodonium salts undergo enantioselective and site-selective coupling with enelactams to deliver the products in high yields and excellent enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the products allow facile access to natural products such as (+)-calvine and (+)-2-epicalvine in addition to the bioactive molecule aza-goniothalamin.
Nesting of dynamical systems and mode-dependent networks

Formany networks, the connection pattern (often called the topology) can vary in time, depending on the changing state, or mode, of the modules within the network. For example, “airplane mode" is the name for one communicative mode of a modern cellphone, in which itwill not connectwith any cellphone towers; thus the topology of the cellular network is dependent on the modes of its modules. This paper addresses the issue of nesting such mode-dependent networks, in which a local network can be abstracted as a single module in a larger network. Eachmodule in the network represents a dynamic system, whose behavior includes repeatedly updating its communicative mode. It is in this way that the dynamics of the modules controls the topology of the networks at all levels. This paper provides a formal semantics, using the category-theoretic framework of operads and their algebras, to capture the nesting property and dynamics of mode-dependent networks. We provide a detailed running example to ground the mathematics.
Off-Balance: Five Strategies for a Judiciary That Supports Democracy

America’s founding generation was wary of judicial power. Embittered by abuses by unelected judges in England, they imported and invented myriad tools for citizens to check and balance judicial discretion. Inherent in courts is a risk that judges get too far out of step with the public’s opinion and needs. That danger is mitigated by active oversight by the people’s representatives. The controversial confirmation of Brett Kavanaugh underscored the Supreme Court’s democratic deficit. While the bench makes policy decisions that affect all Americans, four out of five members of its conservative majority were nominated by presidents swept into office despite losing the popular vote. Two members of the majority were confirmed despite serious sexual assault or harassment allegations made by women — who, collectively, make up the majority of the population. Social science research has shown that the Roberts Court is the most pro-business, anti-worker, anti-consumer court in modern history. Polls indicate low or declining support for the Court among Black Americans, Latinx Americans, women, and the public at large. Because justices are among the most important rule-writers for the U.S. economy and democracy, policymakers in the new Congress need to determine how to rebuild public confidence in the Court. The stakes are high. As inequality corrodes our government and economy, the Court can either block urgent remedial action or help encourage it. This paper outlines five strategies that legislators of either party can deploy to strengthen Court accountability: 1. Adding justices to the bench through Court expansion; 2. Removing justices through impeachment; 3. Changing the jurisdiction of the Court; 4. Ignoring or overriding Court decisions; and 5. Rewriting the Constitution to allow term limits, elect justices, or eliminate judicial review. Some of these strategies are controversial, but all have precedents. We summarize the pros and cons of each option, then describe and weigh these options in light of historical and contemporary examples. All are means to accomplish a needed re-balancing of the Court’s role in public life.
Entrepreneurial Team Diversity and Productivity: The Role of Family Relationships in Nascent Ventures:

In this study, we examine how team diversity contributes to team productivity in nascent ventures depending on family relations. Specifically, we explore how bio-demographic diversity influences te...
Online Teacher Inquiry as a Professional Learning Model for Multilingual Early Childhood Educators

Online learning presents the possibility to connect and sustain communities of multilingual early childhood educators. This study reports on the effectiveness of an online teacher inquiry model to support early childhood educators’ learning on the role of multilingualism in teaching. The Community of Inquiry framework is used to evaluate the efficacy of a teacher inquiry program that was offered through a synchronous, online platform. Results show that online teacher inquiry models can be used to provide accessible and effective spaces for professional learning and growth, and can center multilingual educators’ ways of knowing and being about language, culture, and learning.
94 – Hypovolemia Syndrome

Publisher Summary The idiopathic hypovolemia is a definite syndrome characterized by orthostatic intolerance, disabling orthostatic tachycardia, and episodes of paroxysmal supine hypertension. Orthostatic intolerance is one of the most common symptoms in patients with chronic idiopathic hypovolemia. However, in contrast with other types of orthostatic intolerance, these patients frequently have episodic clinical manifestations suggestive of adrenergic hyperactivity even in the supine resting posture. Marked reduction of pulse pressure may occur in patients with hypovolemia because of the increase of diastolic blood pressure and the accompanying reduction of systolic blood pressure secondary to the reduction of cardiac output. Patients with severe idiopathic hypovolemia typically have normal baroreceptor reflexes and normal response of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) to the Valsalva maneuver, cold pressor test, and hyperventilation. This syndrome is important to recognize because its normal clinical picture may lead to delays in diagnosis and use of appropriate therapy. Favorable clinical response has been observed when patients are treated with blood volume expansion, either alone or in combination with clonidine therapy.
Identification of temporal condition patterns associated with pediatric obesity incidence using sequence mining and big data.

Electronic health records (EHRs) are potentially important components in addressing pediatric obesity in clinical settings and at the population level. This work aims to identify temporal condition patterns surrounding obesity incidence in a large pediatric population that may inform clinical care and childhood obesity policy and prevention efforts. EHR data from healthcare visits with an initial record of obesity incidence (index visit) from 2009 through 2016 at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, and visits immediately before (pre-index) and after (post-index), were compared with a matched control population of patients with a healthy weight to characterize the prevalence of common diagnoses and condition trajectories. The study population consisted of 49,694 patients with pediatric obesity and their corresponding matched controls. The SPADE algorithm was used to identify common temporal condition patterns in the case population. McNemar’s test was used to assess the statistical significance of pattern prevalence differences between the case and control populations. SPADE identified 163 condition patterns that were present in at least 1% of cases; 80 were significantly more common among cases and 45 were significantly more common among controls (p < 0.05). Asthma and allergic rhinitis were strongly associated with childhood obesity incidence, particularly during the pre-index and index visits. Seven conditions were commonly diagnosed for cases exclusively during pre-index visits, including ear, nose, and throat disorders and gastroenteritis. The novel application of SPADE on a large retrospective dataset revealed temporally dependent condition associations with obesity incidence. Allergic rhinitis and asthma had a particularly high prevalence during pre-index visits. These conditions, along with those exclusively observed during pre-index visits, may represent signals of future obesity. While causation cannot be inferred from these associations, the temporal condition patterns identified here represent hypotheses that can be investigated to determine causal relationships in future obesity research.
Adsorption of catechol and hydroquinone on titanium oxide and iron (III) oxide

Abstract The adsorption of catechol (CAT) and hydroquinone (HYD) on the surface of TiO2 (anatase) and Fe2O3 (hematite) were investigated using attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Linear and nonlinear regression together with error analysis methods were employed to identify the model that best explains the experimental data. Adsorption on these oxides was found to increase as pH was raised, reaching a maximum at the pHpzc of the respective oxide and decreasing as pH increased. Among the kinetic and adsorption models investigated, pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Freundlich adsorption model were found to fit the experimental data well, respectively. The maximum adsorption capacity for CAT was found to be 122.8 ± 33.1 mg g−1 and 361.2 ± 0.1 mg g−1, on TiO2 and Fe2O3, respectively, averaged between pH, kinetic and adsorption studies. For HYD on Fe2O3, the adsorption capacities were 86.12 mg g−1 and 58.49 mg g−1, while adsorption on TiO2 was 63.2 mg g−1 and 351.7 mg g−1, as calculated from pH and kinetic studies, respectively. It was also observed that TiO2 had higher HYD adsorption capacity than Fe2O3, while CAT adsorption capacity was higher in Fe2O3, than in TiO2, confirming that the nature of adsorbent can influence the adsorption of substrates on their surfaces.
Reimbursements for Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty Have Increased for Hospitals but Not for Surgeons.

BACKGROUND With increases in total hip arthroplasty procedures the need for revision total hip arthroplasty (rTHA) has increased as well. This study aims to analyze the trends in hospital charges and payments relative to corresponding surgeon charges and payments in a Medicare population for rTHA for aseptic revisions, stage 1 and stage 2 revisions. METHODS The 5% Medicare sample database was used to capture hospital and surgeon charges and payments related to 4449 patients undergoing aseptic revision, 517 for stage 1 revision, and 300 for stage 2 revision in between the years 2004 and 2014. Two values were calculated: (1) the ratio of hospital to surgeon charges (CM) and (2) the ratio of hospital to surgeon payments (PM). Year-to-year variation and trends in patient demographics, Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), length of stay (LOS), CM, and PM were evaluated. RESULTS The mean CCI for aseptic revisions and stage 1 revisions did not significantly change (P < .088 and P < .063). The CCI slightly increased for stage 2 revisions (P < .04). The mean LOS decreased significantly over time in all 3 procedure types. The CM increased by 39% (P < .02) in aseptic revisions, 109% in stage 1 revisions (P < .001) but did not significantly change in stage 2 revisions (P < .877). PM for aseptic revisions increased around 103% (P < .001), 107% for stage 1 revisions (P < .001), and 9.7% for stage 2 revisions (P < .176). CONCLUSION Hospital charges and payments relative to surgeon charges and payments have increased substantially for THA aseptic revisions, stage 1 revisions, and stage 2 revisions despite stable patient complexity and decreasing LOS.
Dissimilar welding between piping and valves in the offshore oil and gas industry

This article reviews different piping connections, such as flanged, wafer, hub and clamp, welded, and threaded. A bevel end welding connection is one of the most common pipe ends due to providing h...
CHARACTERIZATION OF MYRIOGRAMME LIVIDA, MYRIOGRAMMEAE TRIB. NOV. (DELESSERIACEAE, RHODOPHYTA)

The Myriogramme group of Kylin was found to contain two distinct clusters of genera that merit recognition at the tribal level. In this paper, we establish the tribe Myriogrammae based on a study of the type species of Myriogramme, M. livida, from the Southern Hemisphere. The Myriogrammae is characterized by 1) marginal and diffuse intercalary meristems; 2) nuclei arranged in a ring bordering the side walls of vegetative cells; 3) microscopic veins absent; 4) procarps scattered, formed opposite one another on both sides of the blade posterior to one or more vegetative pericentral cells (cover cells) and consisting of a carpogonial branch, a one-/to two-celled lateral sterile group and a one-celled basal sterile group; 5) auxiliary cell diploidized by a connecting cell cut off posteriolaterally from the fertilized carpogonium; 6) gonimoblast initial cut off distally from the auxiliary cell, generating one distal and one to two lateral gonimoblast filaments that branch in the plane of the expanding cystocarp cavity and later fuse to from an extensive, branched fusion cell; 7) spermatangial and tatrasporangial sori formed inside the margin on both sides of the blade by resumption of meristematic activity; and 8) tetrasporangia produced primarily from the central cells. The Myriogrammae currently includes Myriogramme Kylin, Gonimocolax Kylin, Haraldiophyllum A. Zinova, Hideophyllum A. Zinova, and a possible undescribed genus from Pacific North and South America. Genera are separated based primarily on features of gonimoblast and carposporangial development.
Characterization of the Tumorlike (T) Antigen Induced by Type 12 Adenovirus I. Purification of the Antigen from Infected KB Cells and a Hamster Tumor Cell Line

The T antigen induced by type 12 adenovirus was purified from KB cells infected in the presence of 10 −6 m 5-fluoro-2-deoxyuridine to inhibit synthesis of viral capsid antigens. The antigen was purified approximately 200-fold, and the purified product contained only negligible amounts of host-cell contaminants, as judged by the residual radioactivity from 14 C-labeled uninfected cells which had been added to infected cells at the initiation of the purification. Immunoelectrophoresis indicated that the purified T-antigen preparation contained a single antigenic species. The T antigen from a hamster cell line (HT-1) derived from a type 12 adenovirus-induced tumor was purified by the same procedure. The T antigens from the two different sources were shown to be immunologically similar by use of a rabbit antiserum prepared against the purified T antigen from infected KB cells and sera from hamsters bearing tumors induced by type 12 adenovirus.
Appropriate Target Cells Are Required for Maturation of Neurotransmitter Release Function of Sympathetic Neurons in Culture

Publisher Summary An increase in the release of norepinephrine (NE) when an identical number of stimulating pulses are delivered at increasing frequencies was first observed in perfused spleen of a cat. A classic agent used to increase neuronal action potential duration is tetraethylammonium (TEA), which selectively inhibits repolarizing K + currents. The use of cell culture techniques has allowed extensive study of the Ca 2+ -dependent regulation of [ 3 H]NE release at the cellular level. Culture conditions have been specifically designed to promote optimum survival of sympathetic neurons and eliminate nonneuronal cells in a defined medium. Agents that affect voltage-dependent Ca 2+ entry or second-messenger levels can also affect [ 3 H]NE release. Thus, sympathetic neurons in culture appear to be a good model of neurons in vivo . Compared with transmitter release from neuroeffector preparations, NGF-supported chick sympathetic neurons have higher basal and evoked release; the release response to increasing stimulation frequency is negative rather than positive and is less sensitive to facilitation by TEA. This chapter summarizes the effects of different targets on release of [ 3 H]NE and describes later along with the corresponding changes in Ca 2+ handling that were observed under the various culture conditions.
Relation of Anthropometric Obesity and Computed Tomography Measured Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (from the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).

We hypothesized that anthropometric measures of abdominal obesity would have a stronger positive association with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) measured by noncontrast computed tomography versus general measures of obesity. The Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis comprised participants aged 45 to 84 years free of known cardiovascular disease. We studied 4,088 participants with adequate liver and spleen computed tomography imaging and no previous use of oral steroids, class 3 antiarrhythmics, moderately heavy alcohol use, or cirrhosis. Prevalent NAFLD was defined as a liver:spleen Hounsfield attenuation ratio of
Alternative ingredients for providing adequate methionine in organic poultry diets in the United States with limited synthetic amino acid use

Synthetic methionine use is currently limited to 1 kg and 1.5 kg per metric tonne (2, 2, and 3 lbs per short ton) of feed for organic laying hens, broilers, and turkeys and other poultry, respectively, in the United States of America. All other synthetic amino acids (AA) have been banned from use in organic poultry diets in this country. It is challenging to provide sufficient methionine (Met) to maintain bird growth and productive performance up to current industry standards given the recent restrictions that have been placed on synthetic Met. Without synthetic AA, Met requirements can alternatively be obtained for organic poultry by dramatically increasing dietary crude protein (CP) e.g. via additional inclusion of expeller-pressed soybean meal to the diets. However, this strategy leads to both major increases in feed costs and environmental concerns due to increasing nitrogen excretion, with concurrent rises in ammonia emissions, and corresponding welfare issues due to ammonia and litter quality. This review aims to examine feed ingredients that may contribute to a solution to this issue. Otherwise, further negative impacts may soon be felt from the current limitation on synthetic Met or a potential ban on its entire use in the future.