cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Finite element comparison of single crystal vs. multi-layer composite arrays for medical ultrasound

Finite element (PZFlex; Weidlinger Assoc., New York, NY and Los Altos, CA) simulations predict that for a 2-MHz phased array element with a single matching layer, the three-layer hybrid structure increases the pulse echo signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 16 dB over that from a single layer PZT element and -6 dB pulse echo fractional bandwidth from 58% for the PZT element to 75% for the hybrid element. Analogous finite element method (FEM) simulations of single crystal material [lead zinc niobate (PZN)-8% lead titanate (PT)] showed increased SNR by only 3.1 dB, but a -6 dB bandwidth of 108%.
Pentazocine and Tripelennamine (T's and Blues) Abuse: Toxicological Findings in 39 Cases

The post mortem findings of pentazocine and tripelennamine ("T's and Blues") in abusers dying in the City of St. Louis between July 1, 1979 and July 30, 1981 are presented. Thirty-three deaths were homicides; 30 black males, ages 21-38; one white male, age 26, died from gunshot wounds; and two black females, age 18 and 32, died of stab wounds. Blood concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine in these cases ranged from 0.20 to 3.3 mg/L, (mean +/- SD 0.72 +/- 0.64 mg/L) and 0.02 to 1.8 mg/L (mean +/- SD 0.29 +/- 0.40 mg/L), respectively. The six deaths attributed to T's and Blues abuse involved three black males, ages 20, 28 and 49, and three black females, ages 21, 25, and 45 years. Blood concentrations of pentazocine and tripelennamine ranged from 0.44 to 2.5 mg/L and 0.09 to 4.1 mg/L, respectively. Ethanol and diazepam were also detected in 49% and 13% of all deaths, respectively. Foreign body or talc granulomas in lung were the most common pathological finding relevant to the abuse of T's and Blues.
FAILURE OF NEUROHYPOPHYSECTOMY TO REDUCE EGG SHELL THICKNESS IN CHICKENS.

Abstract Mueller (1962) observed that egg shell thickness is reduced in chickens following the injection of diuretic agents that have no apparent effect on carbonic anhydrase activity. He concluded that the effect of these agents on shell deposition might be linked to their diuretic action. From this, he reasoned that the processes of urine excretion and shell formation might normally compete for available calcium and, if so, this might account for a number of otherwise unexplained observations, including the decline in shell thickness under high environmental temperatures. If Mueller’s basic assumption is correct, severe polyuria induced by means other than the injection of diuretics should lead to reduced shell deposition. Neurohypophysectomized hens are used in the present study to test this possibility. Shirley and Nalbandov (1956) have shown that neurohypophysectomy results in immediate severe polyuria that persists long after the operated hens return to the normal production of eggs. PROCEDURE Twenty…
GONADAL DYSGENESIS DETERMINANTS IN A NATURAL POPULATION OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER

Three populations of Drosophila melanogaster from northern California were surveyed for the ability to produce and resist gonadal dysgenesis in the P-M system of hybrid dysgenesis. Males from all three populations produced low to moderate levels of gonadal dysgenesis in crosses to Oregon-R M females. Most females had the P cytotype, but the M cytotype occurred occasionally. The three populations could not be statistically differentiated from one another, but were easily distinguished from populations from Australia and Wisconsin on the basis of gonadal dysgenesis potential. The California populations had higher levels of M cytotype than did the Wisconsin population. Thirteen X chromosomes and 11 pairs of autosomes were extracted from one of the California populations, using a modification of the standard balancer chromosome technique to suppress hybrid dysgenesis during extraction. All lines produced strongly skewed sterility distributions in crosses to M-strain females, and mean levels of sterility were less than 50%. There was evidence of nonadditive interactions between the autosomes. Most extraction lines had the P cytotype, but M and intermediate cytotypes were observed. Some of the intermediate cytotypes were stable over time. Lines were tested at two different times after extraction. Some lines evolved higher sterility potential as they were kept in the laboratory, even in the presence of P cytotype. The results point out a number of deficiencies in current genetic and population genetic models of hybrid dysgenesis and imply that gonadal dysgenesis is unlikely to be an important evolutionary force in this population.
Tile-based design of a serial memory in QCA

Quantum-dot Cellula Automata (QCA) has been widely advocated as a new device architecture fo nano technology. QCA systems require extremely low power together with the potential for high density and regularity. These features make QCA an attractive technology for manufacturing memories in which the paradigm of memory-in-motion can be fully exploited. This paper proposes a novel serial memory architecture for QCA implementation. This architecture is based on utilizing new building blocks (referred to as tiles) in the storage and input/output circuitry of the memory. The QCA paradigm of memory-in-motion is accomplished using a novel arrangement in the storage loop and timing/clocking; a three-zone memory tile is proposed by which information is moved across a concatenation of tiles by utilizing a two-level clocking mechanism. Clocking zones are shared between memory cells and the length of the QCA line in a clocking zone is independent of word size. This results in a substantial eduction in clocking zones compared with previous serial memories.
Annual Variation in the Dynamics of a Woodland Plant Community

The dynamics of a Pinyon Pine-Utah Juniper woodlands community were studied to determine the baseline conditions and the annual variation in the major plant components. Understanding the normal baseline community status and its annual variation is paramount to evaluating the possible impact of an air pollutant on the system. Environmental impact assessments rarely concern data from more than one or two years, yet results of the present study show that annual variation is such that data from several years are necessary to establish a valid baseline for community structure.
Nonlinear Evolution of Anisotropic Cosmological Power

There has been growing interest in the possibility of testing more precisely the assumption of statistical isotropy of primordial density perturbations. If it is to be tested with galaxy surveys at distance scales <~10 Mpc, then nonlinear evolution of anisotropic power must be understood. To this end, we calculate the angular dependence of the power spectrum to third order in perturbation theory for a primordial power spectrum with a quadrupole dependence on the wave vector direction. Our results suggest that primordial power anisotropies will be suppressed by <~7% in the quasilinear regime. We also show that the skewness in the statistically anisotropic theory differs by no more than 1% from that in the isotropic theory.
Air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy repairs difficult perforations more reliably than tympanoplasty

Objectives/Hypothesis Air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy improves outcomes over tympanoplasty in repairing tympanic membrane perforations in the presence of unfavorable risk factors. Study Design Retrospective review of 67 subjects' 87 operations. Methods Interventions were tympanoplasty versus air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy. Risk factors were contracted mastoid air cells, previous failed operations, descent from the indigenous peoples of the Americas, and middle/ear mastoid volumes l<3 CC. Favorable outcomes were closure of the perforation, no decline in hearing, and creation of a self-cleaning mastoid bowl. Results Five out of 46 air space reduction tympanomastoidectomies failed to close their perforations (11%). Pure-tone threshold (PTA) worsened in 13/46 ears (28%). Four of 46 required mastoid bowl cleaning (9%). In contrast, 21 of 41 tympanoplasties failed to close (51%). PTA worsened in 9/34 ears (26%). All four tympanoplasty failures treated with an air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy closed. Three of the seven tympanoplasty failures treated with a second tympanoplasty did not close. Statistical analysis found two risk factors more prevalent among the air space reduction tympanomastoidectomies: contracted mastoids (P = .019) and middle ear volumes <3 CC (P = .0001). Increased closure of perforations occurring after the air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy was also statistically significant (P = .0002). Descendants of indigenous peoples of the Americas trended toward better PTAs after their air space reduction tympanomastoidectomies than their tympanoplasties and showed statistically significant increases in closure of perforation (P = .0046). Conclusions Air space reduction tympanomastoidectomy is an effective and safe method for closing tympanic membrane perforations. © 147. Level of Evidence Level of Evidence: 2b Laryngoscope, 124:S1–S13, 2014
Anti-Intellectualism in the Modern Presidency: A Republican Populism

Due to the amplified importance of forging an intimate connection with the American public, modern presidents must adjust their political personalities and leadership. To combat allegations of elitism, recent Republican presidents have adopted anti-intellectualism as a conservative form of populism. Anti-intellectualism is defined as disparagement of the complexity associated with intellectual pursuits, and a rejection of the elitism and self-aware attitude of distinction that is commonly associated with intellectual life. This article focuses on the benefits and costs of anti-intellectualism as a strategic response to the plebiscitary demands of contemporary presidential politics.Colleen J. Shogan is a member of the Affiliate Research Faculty at George Mason University (cshogan@gmu.edu). She is a full-time employee of the United States Senate, and the author of The Moral Rhetoric of American Presidents (Texas A&M Press, 2006). Earlier versions of this paper were presented at the Miller Center of Public Affairs Colloquia Series on Politics and History and Notre Dame's Program in American Democracy Speaker Series. She would like to thank Sidney Milkis, Brian Balogh, Jennifer Hochschild, Peri Arnold, Bruce Miroff, Eileen Hunt-Botting, Christina Wolbrecht, David Adesnik, and several anonymous reviewers for their suggestions and institutional support.
Stat3 Oncogenic Signaling in Glioblastoma Multiforme

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and devastating malignancy of the central nervous system. Many growth factor and cytokine signaling pathways are deregulated in GBM, which aberrantly activate the signal transducer and the activator of transcription (Stat)3. Activated Stat3, in turn, exhibits a number of protumor activities that include induction of proliferation and suppression of programmed death of GBM cells, induction of tumor angiogenesis, and suppression of antitumor immunity. Paradoxically, it also acts as a tumor suppressor presumably by inducing the differentiation of GBM-initiating stem cells. In this review, we discuss these roles of activated Stat3 in the pathogenesis of GBM.
Nicotine Dependence and the Anterior Cingulate-Precuneus Pathway: Using Neuroimaging to Test Addiction Theories

Abstract Physical nicotine dependence develops through defined clinical stages. We have identified neuroplastic changes in the brains of smokers that correspond to progression through the stages of physical dependence. As physical nicotine dependence develops, the number of neural tracts between the anterior cingulate cortex and the precuneus increase, while those between the anterior cingulate and frontal cortex decrease. Activity in the anterior cingulate-precuneus circuit increases during abstinence in correlation with the severity of withdrawal-induced cravings. Withdrawal-induced activation in circuits responsible for nicotine craving was predicted by the sensitization-homeostasis theory. Anterior cingulate and precuneus activation correlate with both withdrawal-induced and cue-induced craving, which suggests that a common pathway may be involved with both processes. Implications of these findings with regard to a unification of learning and biological theories of addiction are discussed in this chapter.
An Advertisement and Article Analysis of Skin Products and Topics in Popular Women’s Magazines: Implications for Skin Cancer Prevention

Background: In the United States, skin cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer, with an esti­mated 5 million people treated per year and annual medical treatment expenditures that exceed 8 billion dollars. The purpose of this study was two-fold: 1) to enumerate the number of advertisements for skin products with and without Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and to further analyze the specific advertise­ments for sunblock to determine if models, when present, depict sun safe behaviors and 2) to enumer­ate the number of articles related to the skin for content. Both aims include an assessment for differ­ences in age and in magazines targeting a Black or Latina population. Methods: The sample for this cross sectional study was comprised of 99 issues of 14 popular United States magazines marketed to women, four of which market to a Black or Latina audience. Results: There were 6,142 advertisements, of which 1,215 (19.8%, 95% CI: 18.8-20.8%) were related to skin products. Among the skin product advertisements, 1,145 (93.8%, 95% CI: 93.9-96.3%) depicted skin products without SPF. The majority of skin articles (91.2%, 95% CI: 91.7-100.0%), skin product advertisements (89.9%, 95% CI: 88.2-91.6%), and sunblock advertisements featuring models (were found in magazines aimed at the older (>24 yr) audience. Conclusion: Future research on this topic could focus on the extent to which images in these maga­zines translate into risky health behaviors, such as sun seeking, or excessive other harmful effects of UV radiation.
Improved Automatic Devices for Transplanting Cultures

While conducting experiments relative to the pathogenicity of B. aertrycke, it became necessary to make long series of transplants at various time intervals. The need for an automatic transplanting apparatus was keenly felt, but because the necessity of having very accurately timed transplants did not seem great, various syphoning machines were tried. The result of these trials was the perfection of a simple, easily sterilizable one piece apparatus made entirely of glass which is described in figure 1.
Minimizing insulation failure damage: Progress in life test protection schemes

Learning why a stator insulation system fails often depends on de-energizing the test as soon as possible after failure begins. Any burning or arcing which occurs beyond the failure initiation simply destroys evidence needed to determine the cause of failure. Over many years we have incorporated maximum current, ground protection and over temperature controls into our life test facilities in an effort to prevent major destruction of a hermetic stator when it fails. These devices are described and their strengths and weaknesses discussed. This analysis led to the development of a new failure detection device named the Radio Frequency Failure Detector. The failure of an insulation is always accompanied by more or less arcing which generates radio frequency energy. A system sensitive to this can be used to disconnect the power at the moment a failure starts. This system is discussed in detail. The detector is very effective and has resulted in new insights into how stators fail.
Close to the Life and Face to the Nihility:the Belief Close to the Life

In the modern era,the belief spirit is returning to the living world.Its influence is dual:on one hand,it makes the belief close to the life,from "the world in that side"to"the one in this side";on the other hand,it makes the belief go from "the grand"to "the nihility".It has become the modern people's real thirst and requirement to go beyond the nihility,seek the belief and find the meaning of the human's nature and the value of life.According to the writer,the belief spirit of historical materialism,provides the important enlightenment for the contemporary belief to step out of the dilemma between absolutism and relativism.
Endogenous Production of Carbon Monoxide

Since most endogenous co comes from catabolism of hemoglobin (with a fraction contributed by breakdown of nonhemoglobin heme), a rebreathing system that makes it possible to measure the rate of c o production provides a means of monitoring the course of any hemolytic condition diagnosed by other methods. The technique is rapid, nonisotopic, repeatable as needed, and can be used in neonates.
Weight Loss Pharmacotherapy: Brief Summary of the Clinical Literature and Comments on Racial Differences.

The disparity in obesity rates between White, Black, and Hispanic individuals, especially women, is striking. Moreover, at any given body mass index or abdominal girth, incident diabetes is greater in Black, Hispanic and other racial-ethnic minorities than Whites. In addition to the growing health burden, the total costs of obesity in 2030 could exceed $500 billion (USD). Weight loss of 5%–15% from baseline can be attained with anti-obesity pharmacotherapy approved for long-term use in combination with lifestyle change. Weight loss of ≥5% is associated with medical benefits including reduction of incident diabetes and cardiovascular risk. While medical weight loss after one year or more in the US population is better than previously seen in many clinical trials, >60% of adults fail to sustain a 5% weight loss. Drug therapies approved for long-term weight loss may permit even more subjects to sustain healthful weight reduction.
Frequency response reduced order model of primary resonance of electrostatically actuated MEMS circular plate resonators

ABSTRACT This paper deals with the amplitude-frequency response of soft AC electrostatically actuated MEMS clamped circular plates. Alternating Current (AC) frequency is near half natural frequency of the plate. This results in primary resonance of the system. Two methods are used and compared, namely the Method of Multiple Scales (MMS), and Reduced Order Model (ROM). Both methods are in excellent agreement for amplitudes less than 0.4 of the gap. For amplitudes between 0.4 and 1 of the gap only seven terms ROM accurately predicts the behavior of the system. The effects of the voltage and damping parameters on the frequency response are reported.
Pharmacologic Treatment of Alcoholic Hepatitis: Examining Outcomes Based on Disease Severity Stratification.

Objectives Maddrey discriminant function (MDF) score is a measure of disease prognosis in alcoholic hepatitis (AH) used to identify patients at highest risk of mortality and determine the need for initiation of pharmacologic treatment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pharmacologic therapy for hospitalized AH patients as stratified by MDF score. Methods A retrospective review of patients with an AH diagnosis admitted to a Methodist LeBonheur Healthcare adult hospital between 06/2009 and 06/2014 was conducted. Patients ≥18 years of age with an ICD-9 code for AH were evaluated. Results Of the 493 patients screened, 234 met the inclusion criteria, comprised of 62 patients with an MDF≥32 (treatment, n =42 vs. no treatment, n =20) and 172 patients with an MDF n =15 vs. no treatment, n =157). For the patients with an MDF≥32, there was no statistically significant difference between the treatment group vs. non-treatment group regarding 28-day mortality (31% vs. 11%, respectively; P =0.18) and 6-month mortality (45% treatment vs. 38% non-treatment; P =0.75). For the patients with an MDF P >0.99) and 6-month mortality (11% treatment vs. 13% non-treatment; P >0.99). There was no difference in incidence of acute kidney injury, hepatorenal syndrome, development of infection or hepatic encephalopathy between the treatment vs. non-treatment groups. Conclusions Pharmacologic treatment showed no survival benefit, regardless of disease severity. Given the mortality risk seen in mild–moderate AH patients not receiving treatment and concern for a possible treatment ceiling effect in severe AH patients, more data are needed to adequately assess the utility of MDF in selecting appropriate candidates for AH treatment.
Physiological discrimination of headache disorders (S51.003)

OBJECTIVE: To identify clinically relevant physiological measures for the purpose of distinguishing headache disorders. BACKGROUND: Headache disorders are diagnosed on purely clinical grounds. However, observable physiological changes occur during attacks, and there is evidence for differences in sensory and autonomic function between attacks. These differences may provide a physiological foundation for understanding, diagnosis, and treatment. DESIGN/METHODS: Forty-four headache subjects and 21 age- and sex-matched non-headache controls were recruited. Headache diagnoses were made using the International Classification of Headache Disorders II. Neuhauser-Lempert criteria were used for migraine-associated vertigo. Thirty subjects were diagnosed with migraine: 22 with migraine with aura (12 with associated vertigo (MAV), 9 without (MA)); 8 with migraine without aura (4 with associated vertigo (MOV), 4 without (MO)). Five subjects were diagnosed with probable migraine; 8 were diagnosed with chronic migraine (CM); 4 were diagnosed with chronic post-traumatic headache (CPTH). Photophobia threshold testing was performed using a rheostat-modulated halogen light. Pupil cycle time was recorded using a slit lamp. Facial hemodynamic response was measured by recording skin reflectance from the upper two thirds of the face. RESULTS: Migraine patients (n=30) were significantly different from controls in all three testing modalities - photophobia threshold was lower, pupil cycle time was slower, and hemodynamic oscillation amplitude was smaller. MAV subjects had significantly higher photophobia thresholds, slower pupil cycle times, and lower frequency hemodynamic oscillations compared to all migraine. CPTH subjects had significantly higher photophobia thresholds and slower pupil cycle times compared to all migraine, chronic migraine, and controls. CONCLUSIONS: Migraineurs differ robustly from controls in our autonomically-dominated measures. On a more preliminary basis, MAV is distinguishable from other migraine subtypes, and surprisingly, CPTH is distinguishable from CM. Our measures offer novel physiological phenotypes for diagnosis and mechanistic dissection. They may also provide guidance for treatment. Disclosure: Dr. Rea has nothing to disclose. Dr. Hunter has nothing to disclose. Dr. Peterson has nothing to disclose. Dr. Theriot has nothing to disclose. Dr. Cortez has nothing to disclose. Dr. Brennan has received personal compensation for activities with MAP Pharmaceuticals and Allergan. Dr. Brennan has received research support from Electrocore LLC.
Comparative efficacy of cartilage repair procedures in the knee: a network meta-analysis.

While numerous randomized controlled trials have compared surgical treatments for cartilage defects of the knee, the comparative efficacy of these treatments is still poorly understood. The goal of this network meta-analysis was to synthesize these randomized data into a comprehensive model allowing pairwise comparisons of all treatment options and treatment rankings based on multiple measures of efficacy. We hypothesized that advanced chondral procedures would have improved outcomes when compared to microfracture. The MEDLINE, COCHRANE and EMBASE databases were searched systematically up to January 2015. The primary outcome was re-operation measured at 2, 5 and 10 years. Secondary outcomes included Tegner and Lysholm scores, the presence of hyaline cartilage on post-operative biopsy and graft hypertrophy. A random-effects network meta-analysis was performed, and the results are presented as odds ratios and mean differences with 95 % CIs. We ranked the comparative effects of all treatments with surface under the cumulative ranking probabilities. Nineteen RCT from 15 separate cohorts including 855 patients were eligible for inclusion. No differences were seen in re-operation rates at 2 years. At 5 years osteochondral autografts (OC Auto) had a lower re-operation rate than microfracture (OR 0.03, 95 % CI 0.00–0.49), and at 10 years OC Auto had a lower re-operation rate than microfracture (OR 0.34, 95 % CI 0.12–0.92), but a higher re-operation rate than second-generation ACI (OR 5.81, 95 % CI 2.33–14.47). No significant differences in Tegner or Lysholm scores were seen at 2 years. Functional outcome data at 5 and 10 years were not available. Hyaline repair tissue was more common with OC Auto (OR 16.13, 95 % CI 2.80–92.91) and 2nd generation ACI (OR 7.69, 95 % CI 1.17–50) than microfracture, though the clinical significance of this is unknown. Second-generation ACI (OR 0.12, 95 % CI 0.02–0.59) and MACI (OR 0.13, 95 % CI 0.03–0.59) had significantly lower rates of graft hypertrophy than first-generation ACI. Second-generation ACI, OC Auto and MACI were the highest ranked treatments (in order) when all outcome measures were included. Microfracture and advanced cartilage repair techniques have similar re-operation rates and functional outcomes at 2 years. However, advanced repair techniques provide higher-quality repair tissue and might afford lower re-operation rates at 5 and 10 years. Meta-analysis studies, Level I.
Longing for a House in Ghana: Ghanaians’ Responses to the Dignity Threats of Elder Care Work in the United States

Home health care is a growing occupation in the United States which calls for significant emotional labor. On the basis of interviews and participant observation with home health workers from Ghana, this article argues that home health work is different from other kinds of emotional labor in that living and working in the client's house are central to the conditions of work and the dignity assaults of workers’ experience. Among their strategies for responding to these dignity threats is to long for a house and to direct their energy toward an alternative social field through house construction “at home” in Ghana. Thus, the dignity threats experienced by immigrant home health workers raise concerns about the occupation's ability to retain workers as well as immigrants’ sense of worth and belonging in the United States.
What do teachers think about youth purpose

AbstractLife purpose combines personal meaning, future intention, active engagement and expected beyond-the-self impact into a self-regulating beacon for decisions and actions. Interest has grown in how teachers could foster youth purpose. Although studies show relationships between pedagogy and purpose, how teachers themselves understand the concept and view their role in its development need more research. This descriptive, qualitative, secondary analysis of observations and comments of teachers in the United States of America during their normal school days can help teacher educators to instil a purpose orientation in pedagogical training. Teachers are interested in purpose for pupils and for themselves. But they are ambivalent about their efficacy to support purpose development. Currently, purpose is often equated with career rather than with a broader life aim. Personal meaning and engagement are easier purpose dimensions for teachers to design activities for pupils to practice, whereas intention and...
HLA-A*0201 Restricted Killing Activity of WT1-Specific CTL Generated From the Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes of Normal Healthy Donors.

Abstract 3026 Poster Board II-1002 The Wilms9 tumor antigen (WT1) is over-expressed on several human leukemia and solid tumors, and thus is considered as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy. Combating leukemia by targeting WT1 expressing leukemic cells using in vitro generated WT1-specific CTL is one potential approach, but it is difficult to generate an immune response against WT1 due to low T cell precursor frequency in normal healthy individuals. Earlier studies have shown the generation of WT1-A*0201 peptide specific CTL from CD8 + T cells by cloning. Another study reported the production of IFN- γ by WT-1 specific CD8 + T cells. However, the cytolytic killing ability of these IFN- γ producing cells was not further characterized. Here, we demonstrate the generation of WT1-A*0201 specific CTL from the peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normal healthy donors using CD137 selection. The PBL were stimulated once with RMFPNAPYL (WT1-A*0201 peptide) pulsed autologous dendritic cells and twice with WT1-A*0201 peptide pulsed irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Following three stimulations, the PBL were selected for CD137 + expression and rapidly expanded with OKT3 and IL-2. The WT1-A*0201 specific CTL showed killing of target cells and production of IFN-γ in an antigen-specific manner. The percent killing of WT1-A*0201 peptide pulsed T2 cells (TAP − , HLA- A2 + ) and autologous B blast (BB) were significantly higher when compared with their control targets. T2 cells and BB either pulsed with an irrelevant A*0201 peptide or un-pulsed served as the control. We have observed similar results with WT1-A*0201 specific CTL generated from normal donor CD8 + cells. However, the efficiency of WT1-A*0201 CTL generated from PBL to kill target cells and produce IFN- γ was higher than CTL from CD8 + cells. The CTL generated from PBL killed BA25, a WT1 expressing A2 + leukemia cell line but failed to kill Molt-4, a WT1 expressing A2 − cell line, clearly indicating HLA-A2 restricted CTL activity. The specificity of the generated CTL were further confirmed by staining with WT1-HLA-A*0201 tetramer. The percentage of WT1-specific CD3 + CD8 + Tetramer + cells either remained same or higher in CTL generated from PBL when compared with those generated from CD8 + cells. CD137 selection leads to the generation of significant number of CTL in a shorter time when compared to conventional cloning methods. In addition, generation of WT1-A*0201 specific CTL from PBL avoids CD8 + selection. Currently, we are aiming to generate WT1-specific CTL using an overlapping WT1 peptide-mix in order to widen our ability to treat patients with different HLA types. This study has implications for cellular immunotherapy in leukemia patients who relapse following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Characteristics and outcomes in children with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver: A report from the National Cancer Database.

Objective To examine patient characteristics and outcomes in children with undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma of the liver (UESL) using a multi-institutional database. Summary Background Data UESL is a rare disease (incidence is one per million). Therefore, the current literature is mostly limited to small case series. Methods The National Cancer Database was queried for primary UESL diagnosed between 1998 and 2012. Results A total of 103 patients (<18 years) were identified. The 5-year overall survival of the entire group was 86%. The best outcomes were seen in children who had tumors smaller than 15 cm and were able to undergo surgical resection with or without chemotherapy. Margin status did not appear to significantly affect survival. The most common type of resection was hemihepatectomy (37%), followed by sectionectomy (10%) and trisectionectomy (10%). Orthotopic liver transplant was performed in 10 children, all of whom survived to 5 years. Conclusion Surgical resection with or without chemotherapy should be the mainstay of treatment in children with UESL, and is associated with very favorable outcomes. Negative surgical margins were not associated with improved survival. Orthotopic liver transplantation may be a viable method of attaining local control in tumors, which would otherwise be unresectable.
Personal identity and cosmopolitan philosophy

Jonardon Ganeri’s The Self: Naturalism, Consciousness, and the First-Person Stance is a trailblazing study in cross-cultural philosophy of mind. Its liberal conception of naturalism makes room for a rich analytic taxonomy of conceptions of personal identity that go well beyond the standard models of Cartesianism, Physicalism, and Reductionism. But this naturalistically respectable model of the self must contend with the fact that the findings of the cognitive sciences are also compatible with ontological antirealism about the self. And while the book opens new avenues for systematic reflection that thoroughly engages the historical material (specifically, the views of influential first millennium Indian and Buddhist philosophers), its solutions to the problem of personal identity and the problem of self-knowledge often shortcut descriptive accounts that take agency and self-awareness to be constituted by their proprietary phenomenology.
Microfiltration performance of electrospun nanofiber membranes with varied fiber diameters and different membrane porosities and thicknesses

Abstract Electrospun nanofiber membranes (with varied fiber diameters and different membrane porosities and thicknesses) have been explored as innovative microfiltration media for the highly efficient and cost-effective removal of contaminations with particle sizes of 0.2 μm (even 0.1 μm) from water. For the first time, the membrane porosity has been judiciously adjusted/controlled by a facile hot-pressing method; and the relationships between membrane properties and microfiltration performances have been systematically investigated. Upon the hot-pressing process, the membrane porosity could be significantly decreased from ∼86% to as low as ∼34%, further leading to the substantial increase of rejection fraction from 0% to ∼100% for 0.2 μm particles; moreover, some of these membranes (consisting of small diameter nanofibers) that were hot-pressed with relatively high pressure could even reject all of 0.1 μm particles. As compared to conventional microfiltration media, these membranes exhibited significantly higher flux values and substantially lower degrees of fouling without distinguishably sacrificing particle rejection fractions. For example, the rejection fraction and permeate flux value of one membrane (fiber diameters: ∼150–250 nm, membrane porosity: ∼40%) were ∼99.3% and ∼71.2·L·h −1 ·m −2 ·psi −1 at 13 mL volume fed, respectively, indicating that electrospun nanofiber membranes might be highly promising for microfiltration applications (particularly water purification).
Narrative Family Therapy: Practical Techniques for More Effective Work with Couples and Families

This article provides counselors with an introduction to the knowledge and skills involved in providing narrative family therapy (NFT). Following an overview of the theoretical foundations undergirding this therapeutic approach, a case study is used to illustrate the use of numerous NFT techniques. These techniques include eliciting stories to meet families apart from their problems, recognizing cultural discourse and its impact on family narratives, externalizing the problem from the family, and re-authoring the story through the identification and understanding of exceptions and unique outcomes and the identification and enactment of preferred narratives. The article concludes with recommendations for further development of competence in this area.
Associations Between Avid Action and Real-Time Strategy Game Play and Cognitive Performance: a Pilot Study

Over the past 15 years, numerous studies have demonstrated that action video game players outperform non-gamers on a variety of cognitive measures. However, few researchers have examined the potential beneficial effects of playing real-time strategy games or the effect of playing multiple game genres. As such, the purpose of the current study was to (a) replicate the existing findings that show cognitive differences between action gamers (AVGPs) and non-gamers (NVGPs), (b) examine whether real-time strategy gamers (SVGPs) also differ from NVGPs on various cognitive tasks, and (c) examine how multi-genre video game players (“Tweeners”) compare to both AVGPs and NVGPs. We created a large task battery that tapped into various aspects of cognition (i.e., reaction time, selective attention, memory, executive control, and fluid intelligence) in order to examine the tasks that differed between our three gamer groups and non-gamers. Our results largely replicated the majority of the findings to date, such that AVGPs outperformed NVGPs on a wide variety of cognitive tasks, but the two groups do not differ in memory performance or fluid intelligence. We also demonstrated that SVGPs had numerically faster response times on several tasks as compared to the NVGPs. This pattern of results was similar to what was found with the AVGPs, although in the case of the SVGPs not all of the results reached the level of statistical significance. Lastly, we demonstrated that Tweeners perform similarly to genre-pure gamers in that their performance on several cognitive tasks was numerically better than for NVGPs, although the performance of the Tweeners was numerically lower than for both the AVGPs and the SVGPs. Overall, these findings have several implications for game studies, particularly with respect to how SVGPs and Tweeners are considered going forward.
Ophthalmologic Features of Progeria

Purpose To establish the natural history of ophthalmic characteristics in Progeria patients and to determine incidence of ocular manifestations. Design Retrospective case series of patients with Progeria who were seen between 2007 and 2016. Methods Setting: Tertiary-care academic center. Patient Population: Fourteen patients (28 eyes) with Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria syndrome were included for statistical analysis from a total of 84 patients who have been enrolled in clinical trials for Progeria at Boston Children's Hospital. Clinical treatment trial patients who were not seen at the Department of Ophthalmology at our hospital, but for whom we had detailed clinical ophthalmologic records, were also included. This essentially represents an estimated 20% of the world's known patients with Progeria. Interventions or Observation Procedures: Complete ophthalmic examination. Main Outcome Measures: Visual acuity, stereoacuity, refraction, clinical findings of slit-lamp and dilated fundus examinations. Results Ophthalmic manifestations noted were hyperopia and signs of ocular surface disease owing to nocturnal lagophthalmos and exposure keratopathy. Additional ophthalmic manifestations included reduced brow hair, madarosis, and reduced accommodation. Most patients had relatively good acuity; however, advanced ophthalmic disease was associated with reduced acuity. Conclusions Children with Progeria are at risk for serious ophthalmic complications owing to ocular surface disease. Children with Progeria should have an ophthalmic evaluation at the time of diagnosis and at least yearly after that. Aggressive ocular surface lubrication is recommended, including the use of tape tarsorrhaphy at night.
Mode-locking in advection-reaction-diffusion systems: An invariant manifold perspective

Fronts propagating in two-dimensional advection-reaction-diffusion systems exhibit a rich topological structure. When the underlying fluid flow is periodic in space and time, the reaction front can lock to the driving frequency. We explain this mode-locking phenomenon using the so-called burning invariant manifolds (BIMs). In fact, the mode-locked profile is delineated by a BIM attached to a relative periodic orbit (RPO) of the front element dynamics. Changes in the type (and loss) of mode-locking can be understood in terms of local and global bifurcations of the RPOs and their BIMs. We illustrate these concepts numerically using a chain of alternating vortices in a channel geometry.
Wearable physiological sensors and real-time algorithms for detection of acute mountain sickness.

This is a minireview of potential wearable physiological sensors and algorithms (process and equations) for detection of acute mountain sickness (AMS). Given the emerging status of this effort, the...
Comparisons of Perceived Training Doses in Champion Collegiate-Level Male and Female Cross-country Runners and Coaches over the Course of a Competitive Season.

Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a practical tool for coaches to assess internal training load of their athletes. In a sport like cross-country running, that is individual in nature, but has a team training and competition component, information about the association between external and internal load is lacking. Furthermore, there is a need for studies that examine perception of training doses across multiple training cycles including the competitive season as well as between male and female athletes. Session RPE, duration, and training load (TLRPE = sRPE × duration) of 25 highly trained male and female cross-country runners and their coaches were recorded for every training session (110 days) throughout a collegiate cross-country season. Intensity (sRPE), duration, and TLRPE were compared between coaches and runners by gender separately. Training sessions were also analyzed by those intended by the coaches to be easy, moderate, and hard as well as by training period. Data from 3024 training sessions were collected, 62% of which were considered “easy,” 18% “moderate,” and 20% “hard.” Men and women rated coach-intended easy sessions significantly harder during each month of the season (effect size (ES) > 2.9, p 0.5, p 0.05) or females and coach’s moderate sessions (ES 0.05). Training intensity and TLRPE tended to increase throughout the season (p > 0.05), with a significant increase in moderate and hard intensity sessions in the last training period (p < 0.001). The results indicate the male and female cross-country runners tend to regress to moderate intensity training throughout the cross-country season. Given the success of the athletes in this study, these results show how a simple system for monitoring training such as the sRPE method may improve control of training variables and provide a useful tool for coaches to evaluate training load placed on athletes in a simple, responsive way.
Gender Differences in Faculty Member Job Satisfaction: Equity Forestalled?

Guided by Hagedorn’s (2000) theory of faculty job satisfaction, mindful of social and organizational structures of higher education, and acknowledging recent changes in the academic labor market, this study examines satisfaction for approximately 30,000 tenured and tenure-track faculty members in 100 US colleges and universities. Findings revealed similarity between female and male faculty members in some aspects of work satisfaction, but difference in other areas in which women reported lower satisfaction. Findings also revealed that perceptions of department fit, recognition, work role balance, and mentoring are more important to women faculty’s satisfaction than male peers. Implications for policy and practice are discussed.
The Seasons They Are a Changin’: Testing for Seasonal Effects of Potentially Criminogenic Places on Street Robbery

Purpose:To examine a component of crime pattern theory by exploring whether the spatial predictors of crime vary across seasons.Methods:The relationships among potentially criminogenic places and i...
Superconducting Nanoparticles and Nanowires

The properties of macroscopic samples of the classic, phonon-mediated superconductors are now rather well understood (although the situation is much less clear with the high-temperature superconductors). In this chapter, we address the question of how superconductivity is affected if the sample size is reduced to the nanometer scale. We distinguish two cases: nanoparticles and nanowires, in which 3 and 2 dimensions of the sample, respectively, are at the nanoscale, so that the system can be approximated as being governed by the physics of zero or one dimension, respectively.
Strategic planning workshop on research needs for neutron capture therapy.

The workshop ’Research Needs for Neutron Capture Therapy',held in Williamsburg, VA, May 9–12, 1995 addressedkey issues and questions related to optimization ofboron neutron capture therapy (BNCT), in general, andto the possibility of success of the presentBNCT trials at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL)and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in particular.Both trials use nuclear fission reactors as neutronsources for BNCT of glioblastoma multiforme (BNL) andof deep seated melanoma (MIT). Presentations and discussionsfocussed on optimal boron-labeled compounds, mainly for braintumors such as glioblastoma multiforme, and the bestmode of compound delivery to the tumor. Also,optimizing neutron irradiation with dose delivery to thetumor cells and the issues of dosimetry ofBNCT especially in the brain were discussed. Planningof treatment and of follow-up of patients, coordinationof BNCT at various treatment sites, and thepotential of delivery BNCT to various types ofcancer with an appropriately tailored protocol were additionalissues. The need for multicentric interdisciplinary cooperation amongthe different medical specialties was highlighted.
Supersonic Combustion Technology

The introduction of ballistic missiles as a major element of a modern military strategic offense has abruptly arrested the systematic development of advanced air transportation systems which have been traditionally supported in the initial stages on the basis of military requirements. However, recently the decision to develop supersonic commercial transports has revived the interest of the technical world in the possibility of future hypersonic airplanes and, therefore, of hypersonic engines. At the same time, the plans for a large-scale space exploration, which rely strongly on the capability of developing economically feasible launching systems, have recently generated much interest in the concept of recoverable boosters. It is evident that any recoverable booster will, of necessity, have somewhat larger structural weight than disposable boosters; therefore, the development of such boosters is closely related to the development of supersonic propulsion systems more efficient than those in use today.
Interferon and Host Defense Systems

Interferon (IFN) is defined as a protein(s) which exerts virus nonspecific, antiviral activity at least in homologous cells through cellular metabolic processes involving both RNA and protein synthesis (Reviewed in 1). Interferons are increasingly being recognized as having pleiotropic effects on cell function. These effects may be expressed in the form of anticellular, immunoregulatory, antitumor, and hormonal activities in addition to the well known antiviral activity. Interferon was discovered in 1957 by Isaacs and Lindenmann (2), and this discovery was based on its antiviral properties with a view toward understanding the nature of host defense against viral infections. In this overview we will attempt to convey the present day meaning of interferon in the context of its varied biological activities both at the cellular and molecular levels. Where appropriate, review articles will be cited, and these can serve as a source of original articles.
Stress Intensity Distributions Around Surface Flaws in Motor Grain Geometries

A series of frozen stress photoelastic experiments were conducted on a rocket motor grain geometry containing a natural surface flaw emanating from the tip of the finger of an internal star shaped central hole under internal pressure. Stress intensity distributions for shallow, moderate depth and deep cracks were obtained. Stress intensity distributions around the crack borders were found to be nearly uniform, suggesting the feasibility of two dimensional predictive analyses. Such an approach is proposed.
The safety of dinutuximab for the treatment of pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma.

Introduction: Dinutuximab, an anti-GD2 antibody, specifically targets the high-expression of GD2 on neuroblastoma cells, and its incorporation into maintenance high-risk neuroblastoma therapy has i...