cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of cosurfactant on hydrocarbon solubilization in the system p-xylene/decanol/sodium octanoate/water☆☆☆

Abstract The solubilization of p-xylene by “normal” micelles has been measured at 20°C for the system sodium octanoate/decano/water/xylene. It was found, empirically, that the xylene solubilization limit was a linear function of the concentration of decanol at every surfactant concentration studied between the critical micelle concentration and the phase boundary. The slopes and intercepts of least-squares fits to the data were not constant, however, but depended on the surfactant concentration. From an analysis of the behavior of the slopes and intercepts we reach the following conclusions: (i) The second and third critical concentrations previously reported for solutions without decanol also occur in solutions which contain decanol. (ii) In the phase diagram of the sodium octanoate/decanol/water system, the second critical concentration is a line which extends from the second critical concentration point on the sodium octanoate/water line to the apex of the three-phase triangle of solution/mesomorphic phase C/mesomorphic phase D. (iii) A similar “line” connects the third critical concentration “point” of the binary system with the three-phase triangle of solution/phase D/phase E. (iv) From the formal analogy between the roles of these two critical concentration lines in the phase diagram, it can be inferred that C must be a true mesomorphic phase, and not an emulsion of D as has been suggested in the literature. Finally, the solubilization data are discussed with regards to the X-ray scattering study of Svens and Rosenholm [J. Colloid Interface Sci., 44, 495 (1973)] and some tentative descriptions of solubilization mechanisms are inferred.
Biological activities and syntheses of steroidal saponins : the shark-repelling pavoninins

Steroidal saponins are complex compounds that have a steroid attached to a carbohydrate moiety. They are natural surfactants and detergents and exhibit a number of biological effects. Steroidal saponins have shown membrane-permeabilizing, hypocholesterolemic, immunostimulant, and anticancer properties. They have also been found to affect the growth, food intake and reproductive capabilities of animals. Furthermore, they have been shown to act as antiviral and antifungal agents. They have been isolated from many plants and some animals, especially sea cucumbers and starfish. Fish belonging to the species Pardachirus pavoninus excrete a mixture of six steroidal N-acetylglucosaminides, pavoninins 1–6, with shark-repelling properties. We report syntheses of the C-15α pavoninin-4 by both direct synthesis from diosgenin and by remote functionalization. A general solution for the glycosylation of hindered alcohols was developed using glycosyl fluorides as good glycosyl donors. The syntheses of two C-16β structural analogs of OSW-1 are described.
Diffusion Within Marcia's Identity-Status Paradigm: Does it Foreshadow Academic Problems?.

The present investigation attempted to ascertain longitudinally whether diffuseness about academic goals and plans would predict subsequent underachievement. Identity-status interviews were administered to 98 firstsemester college students. Their grade point averages (GPA) were obtained for their first six semesters in college. SAT and conceptual-level scores were used to generate predicted GPAs. Underachievement was operationally defined as a positive discrepancy between predicted-minus-observed GPA: underachievement=predicted observed GPA. Evidence for the hypothesized relationship between diffusion and academic underachievement was not found. To the contrary, Diffusions during their freshman year showed a tendency for relativeoverachievement (predicted observed GPA). The possibility of heterogeneity within Marcia's diffusion status was considered. Some diffuselike individuals may see their current lack of commitment and concern as a hiatus, whereas others may be truly unconcerned and myopic about their lives. A significant association between foreclosure and underachievement was found when the subjects were freshmen. This relationship was not replicated with an independent sample of 90 high school students. A post hoc interpretation focused on differences between transient and long-term Foreclosures and the role that the college environment may potentially play in instigating personal identity crises. The need for longitudinal tests on this account is underscored.
Modern Family Interventions

In this modern era, the family, and each member therein, is subjected to new socio-environmental pressures. This article advocates that family interventions must be consonant with the modern era, considers the critical components of contemporary mental health services, and offers ten guidelines for the family therapist's adoption and adaptation of clinical practices that will be appropriate for the modern era.
A high resolution global reanalysis highlighting the winter monsoon. Part II: transients and passive tracer transports

In this part II of the reanalysis of the global data, we present an interpretation of the transient motion of the winter monsoon over Asia and the India Ocean. This includes an analysis of the surface layer meridional flow channels that are important for the transport of pollutants for the land mass of Asia towards the ITCZ, which is located near 10° S. We have also examined the scales of the space-time variability of the near surface flows of the winter monsoon of the 1992–1993 season. Sample forecasts of these inflow features, using a very high resolution model, are illustrated to show that the field phase of the proposed Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX) can receive guidance from real time numerical experimentation. The final part of this paper addresses four dimensional trajectories and passive tracer addresses four dimensional trajectories and passive tracer transports with integration over a winter monsoon domain covering several samples of 10 day periods.
Comment on "Catching errors with patient-specific pretreatment machine log file analysis".

We read, with great interest, the recent article by Rangaraj et al1 regarding their analysis of Dynalog files as a component of an intensity modulated radiation therapy quality assurance (IMRT QA) program. They describe an IMRT QA program consisting of 3 components: (1) ion chamber based point dose measurements; (2) a single plane dose array measurement carried out on a field by field basis; and (3) comparison of DICOM [Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine] RT files manually exported from the planning system with Dynalog files recorded on the accelerator during QA measurements. In the normal course of preparation, a combination of manual and automated steps are used in the copying of data from the treatment planning to the record and verify and to the linear accelerator delivery systems. The third item in their program backs up the first two and, nominally, cross checks that no errors were introduced in the copy to the record and verify system. They argue that the Dynalog file analysis cannot replace physics second checks of the plan or weekly chart checks. We agree. The majority of errors tabulated in their analysis could have been caught as part of a second check of a plan. While they indicate that these errors were undetectable, perhaps the more accurate representation is that they were simply undetected. In application of the Dynalog files to compare predicted with delivered (calculated from multileaf collimator [MLC] positions in the Dynalog file) fluence patterns,
Structural Basis for Activation of ZAP-70 by Phosphorylation of the SH2-Kinase Linker

Serial activation of the tyrosine kinases Lck and ZAP-70 initiates signaling downstream of the T cell receptor. We previously reported the structure of an autoinhibited ZAP-70 variant in which two regulatory tyrosine residues (315 and 319) in the SH2-kinase linker were replaced by phenylalanine. We now present a crystal structure of ZAP-70 in which Tyr 315 and Tyr 319 are not mutated, leading to the recognition of a five-residue sequence register error in the SH2-kinase linker of the original crystallographic model. The revised model identifies distinct roles for these two tyrosines. As seen in a recently reported structure of the related tyrosine kinase Syk, Tyr 315 of ZAP-70 is part of a hydrophobic interface between the regulatory apparatus and the kinase domain, and the integrity of this interface would be lost upon engagement of doubly phosphorylated peptides by the SH2 domains. Tyr 319 is not necessarily dislodged by SH2 engagement, which activates ZAP-70 only ∼5-fold in vitro. In contrast, phosphorylation by Lck activates ZAP-70 ∼100-fold. This difference is due to the ability of Tyr 319 to suppress ZAP-70 activity even when the SH2 domains are dislodged from the kinase domain, providing stringent control of ZAP-70 activity downstream of Lck.
Model reference adaptive control system hyperstability analysis

The stability of the model reference adaptive control system with external disturbance and unmodeling is discussed. Instead of Lyapunov's method, more general results have been acquired for the analysis of hyperstability. It is shown that if only the linear forward block can be made strictly positive real, then the globally asymptotical hyperstability of the error model structure will be guaranteed with no regard to the characteristic of nonlinear feedback block. The original model reference adaptive control system will also be globally asymptotically hyperstable.
Simulation of arc-circuit instability in a low current DC automotive switching application

The dynamic arc produced in a switch breaking an inductive load sometimes interacts with the rest of the circuit to produce a highly nonlinear response characterized by growing, high frequency oscillations, current chopping and transient overvoltages. System simulation, therefore, requires an approach that includes switch arc behavior. A technique for employing a well-known equation from power circuit breaker design to analyze such arc-circuit interaction for switch arcs of less than 2 mm in length is described. The so-called Mayr arc equation provides a basis for accurate modeling of arc-circuit instability after one recognizes that the drawn switch arc exists in two distinct phases, for which the mechanisms of arc erosion and instability are effectively decoupled. This approach provides a technique for predicting instabilities in switched automotive electrical systems that could result in either radiofrequency interference to vehicle electronics, or potentially damaging high voltage transients. >
Calcium Regulation of Androgen Receptor Expression in the Human Prostate Cancer Cell Line LNCaP

Elevation of intracellular calcium levels in the presence of normal androgen levels has been implicated in apoptotic prostate cell death. Since the androgen receptor (AR) plays a critical role in the regulation of growth and differentiation of the prostate, it was of interest to determine whether Ca” would affect the expression of androgen receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein, thus affecting the ability of androgens to control prostate function. AR-positive human prostate cancer cells, LNCaP, were incubated with either the calcium ionophore A23187 or the intracellular endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin. Subsequently, AR mRNA and protein levels were assessed by Northern and Western blot analysis. Both A23187 and thapsigargin were found to down-regulate steady state AR mRNA levels in a time- and dose-dependent manner. AR mRNA began to decrease after 6-8 h of incubation with 10-s M A23187 or 10m7 M thapsigargin, reaching a nadir at 16 and 10 h of incubation, respectively. In contrast, control mRNA (glyceraldehyde S-phosphate dehydrogenase) did not change significantly during the treatments with either A23187 or thapsigargin. AR protein levels were found to be decreased after 12 h of incubation with either 10m6 M A23187 or 10m7 M thapsigargin. The decrease in AR mRNA and protein seemed to precede apoptosis, since neither A23187 (24 h) nor thapsigargin (30 h) was found to alter cell morphology within the treatment time. Cycloheximide and actinomycin D were unable to change the calciummediated decrease in AR mRNA, ruling out the necessity for de nouo protein synthesis or a change in mRNA stability. Moreover, the decrease in AR mRNA induced by calcium does not seem to involve protein kinase C- or calmodulin-dependent pathways, since inhibitors of these cellular components had no effect. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated little or no effects of either A23187 or thapsigargin treatment on AR gene transcription (8 h and 10 h). In conclusion, these studies show that intracellular calcium seems to be a potent regulator of AR gene expression in LNCaP cells.
ELECTROCATALYSIS ON SURFACES MODIFIED BY METAL MONOLAYERS DEPOSITED AT UNDERPOTENTIALS.

The remarkable catalytic properties of electrode surfaces modified by monolayer amounts of metal adatoms obtained by underpotential deposition (UPD) have been the subject of a large number of studies during the last couple of decades. This interest stems from the possibility of implementing strictly surface modifications of electrocatalysts in an elegant, well-controlled way, and these bi-metallic surfaces can serve as models for the design of new catalysts. In addition, some of these systems may have potential for practical applications. The UPD of metals, which in general involves the deposition of up to a monolayer of metal on a foreign substrate at potentials positive to the reversible thermodynamic potential, facilitates this type of surface modification, which can be performed repeatedly by potential control. Recent studies of these surfaces and their catalytic properties by new in situ surface structure sensitive techniques have greatly improved the understanding of these systems.
The cyclic hierarchy of the ‘Purbeckian’ Sierra del Pozo Section, Lower Cretaceous (Berriasian), southern Spain

The lowermost Cretaceous (Berriasian) Sierra del Pozo Formation is divisible into metre-scale cycles that are bundled in a four-tiered hierarchy of cycles and cyclic sequences. At the smallest scale, sixth-order cycles, thought to be the product of precessionally forced sea-level fluctuations (c. 20 ka), average less than a metre in thickness, shallow upward and are bounded by surfaces where deeper facies abruptly overlie shallower facies. Bundles of sixth-order cycles, called fifth-order sequences, are recognized by two types of asymmetric patterns in facies distribution. First, more pronounced facies changes occur at sixth-order cycle boundaries lower in a sequence, whereas smaller facies changes occur at cycle boundaries higher in a sequence. Secondly, subtidal marine limestones (i.e. biomicrites and biosparites) are the dominant facies lower in a cyclic sequence, whereas more restricted or shallower water facies (i.e. mud-cracked microbial laminites, dolomites, shale and clay) are more predominant higher in a cyclic sequence. The bundling of sixth-order cycles is explained as a product of periodic change (100 ka) in the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit. The degree of orbital eccentricity modulates the magnitude of precessional sea-level fluctuations, which in turn determine the relative facies contrasts at sixth-order cycle boundaries. Larger scale fourth- and third-order sequences are defined by similar patterns in facies contrast at successive sequence boundaries and by a change in predominant facies type from bottom to top. These patterns are explained as the product of 400 ka and 2 Ma periodic variations in the eccentricity of the earth’s orbit. In summary, the strength of the precessional signal varies in consort with periodic changes in orbital eccentricity at three time scales producing a stacked hierarchy of cycles and sequences of cycles. Change in obliquity of the earth’s axis may modulate the effects of the precessional signal and thereby modify patterns of preserved cyclic structure. This interpretation of cyclicity in the Sierra del Pozo section is markedly different from that of
Two-Dimensional Mott Insulators in SrVO3 Ultrathin Films

Strongly correlated oxides that undergo a metal-insulator transition (MIT) are a subject of great current interest for their potential application to future electronics as switches and sensors. Recent advances in thin film technology have opened up new avenues to tailor MIT for novel devices beyond conventional CMOS scaling. Here, dimensional-crossover-driven MITs are demonstrated in high-quality epitaxial SrVO3 (SVO) thin films grown by a pulsed electron-beam deposition technique. Thick SVO films (∼25 nm) exhibit metallic behavior with the electrical resistivity following the T2 law corresponding to a Fermi liquid system. A temperature driven MIT is induced in SVO ultrathin films with thicknesses below 6.5 nm. The transition temperature TMIT is at 50 K for the 6.5 nm film, 120 K for the 5.7 nm film and 205 K for the 3 nm film. The emergence of the observed MIT can be attributed to the dimensional crossover from a three-dimensional metal to a two-dimensional Mott insulator, as the resulting reduction in the effective bandwidth W opens a band gap at the Fermi level. The magneto-transport study of the SVO ultrathin films also confirm the observed MIT is due to the electron-electron interactions other than disorder-induced localization.
Some investigations on the fiber formation by utilizing a side-by-side bicomponent electrospinning approach

Abstract Simultaneous electrospinning of two polymer solutions in a side-by-side fashion is conducted for two bicomponent polymer systems—poly (vinyl chloride)/segmented polyurethane (PVC/Estane®) and poly(vinyl chloride)/poly(vinylidiene fluoride) (PVC/PVDF). The new experimental device is described and suitable process conditions to electrospin bicomponent fibers are described. Field emission scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy were utilized to interpret the results regarding local structure and chemical composition, respectively.
Normal Faults in Basement Rocks of the Northern Coastal Plain, Delaware

Complex structural features recognized in the basement complex in the Delaware City area in northern Delaware show that intense tectonic deformations affected this area sometime during its geologic history. The main feature is a graben that trends approximately N. 25° E. diagonally through the area. The graben was broken by other northeast-trending normal faults. The relatively uplifted marginal blocks on both sides of the graben were also cut by normal faults into a secondary graben in the northwestern part of the area and a set of normal faults in the southeastern part of the area. Similar structural features may exist in the basement complex in other parts of Delaware and the surrounding Coastal Plain.
Psychological distress in women with a familial risk of breast cancer

In the present study women at familial risk for breast cancer (N = 26, risk group) underwent psychological assessments on two occasions: immediately prior to mammography screening and a month after notification of their normal results. Assessments included standardized measures of: acute distress; non-specific distress; intrusive thoughts; and avoidance about breast cancer. Normal risk women not undergoing mammography (N = 27, comparison group) completed the same measures, to provide an indication of concurrent levels of distress in women recruited from the same community. Results revealed that, prior to mammography, the risk group had high levels of acute distress, which were reduced to the level of the comparison group following notification of normal mammography results. On the other hand, despite notification of normal results, the risk group continued to have higher levels of non-specific distress, avoidance and intrusive thoughts about breast cancer. These results confirm and extend previous reports of high levels of non-specific distress and intrusive thoughts in women at familial risk for breast cancer. The findings highlight the need for further studies to determine the sources of this distress and its possible negative consequences for these individuals at risk for cancer.
Growth of ZnO Nanostructures on Cellulosic Substrates

ZnO nanostructures such as nanorods and nanoneedles were prepared on both cotton textiles and electrospun cellulosic nanofibers by a simple, two-step hydrothermal process at low temperature in aqueous solution. Commercially available cotton fabrics were used. Cellulosic nanofibers (average diameters of 100 nm) were obtained by electrospinning of cellulose acetate/polyvinyl acetate/polyethylene glycol mixture on glass slides to form non-woven mats. On cotton textiles, the systematic change of the seed-to-growth solution concentration ratio caused a noticeable variation on the morphology of the nanostructures. The loading ratio of ZnO nanorods and nanoneedles were 37.5% and 18.1 wt%, respectively. Durable superhydrophobicity was achieved with a static water contact angle of 160.7° upon fluorosilane treatment, even after prolonged exposure to UV and plasma irradiation. The surface wettability was found to slightly vary from nanorods (160.7°) to nanoneedles (159.8°). The ZnO nanostructures did not lose their superhydrophobicity after 1 h of agitation in DI water. Excellent UV blocking activities were observed for nanorods and nanoneedles in the wavelength region analyzed. On electrospun cellulosic nanofibers of approximately 100 nm diameter, the loading ratio of ZnO nanorods were found to be 33.3 wt% which are densely and uniformly distributed the entirety of the nanofibers. Although diameters of the nanofibers and cotton fibers are very different in size (around 100 nm and 15-20 micron, respectively) the ZnO loading on electrospun fibers are very close to that of cotton fabric due to the high surface area and coiled nature of electrospun fibers, resulting in high packing density. ZnO nanorods grown on electrospun nanofibers exhibited hydrophilic behavior.
The fuzzy integration method for the evaluation of NFMRHM

Software non-functional requirement (NFR) is a key factor in the success of software. It is analyzed the definition of non-functional requirement and its complication; Meta non-functional requirements is defined, and non-functional requirements hierarchical model (NFMRHM) is constructed; It is put forward a fuzzy integration evaluation method for non-functional requirements hierarchical model.
Tailoring patterns of graphene wrinkles by circular torsion

Abstract Wrinkled graphene has been emerging as a hot topic of interest due to its easily induced physical changes accompanied by changes in its material behavior. However, the wrinkling pattern of graphene and its relevant properties remain poorly understood. Here we employ molecular dynamics simulations to model the behavior of graphene under periodic, torsional wrinkling and elucidate the effect of torsion pattern, torsion velocity, and hole size on the wrinkling characteristics of a large graphene sheet. Simulation results show that gross control over the wrinkling pattern is feasible via manipulation of torsion direction and relative hole size, with fine-tuning of the wrinkle formation possible by control of the relative torsion speed of each hole.
Preparation, electrical and superconducting properties of massive Th4H15

Abstract Massive specimens of Th 4 H 15 have been prepared by a high pressure, high temperature synthesis. These specimens showed superconducting transitions at 7.5–8.5 K by magnetic and resistance measurements. The transition was narrower than in powdered Th 4 H 15 samples but stiil not isothermal. The electrical resistivity of Th 4 H 15 was measured from 4.2 K to 300 K. This compound is a metallic conductor and has a resistivity minimum near the stoichiometric composition.
Emerging Therapies for Amyloidosis

Once upon a time, the diagnosis of amyloidosis was considered a medical death sentence. This, of course, was the perception of immunoglobulin light chain (primary) amyloidosis for which there was a 15–18-month median survival after diagnosis. Indeed, the median survival did not change after the institution of treatment with oral melphalan and low-dose prednisone, although a minority of patients did have favorable response to this drug regimen. Now there are a number of therapeutic agents used alone or in combination which show significant efficacy in the treatment of AL amyloidosis. Table 30.1 lists some of these agents, commonly used regimens, and side effects. Development of effective therapy for AL amyloidosis (the most common type of amyloidosis) has been of great benefit to many patients but has had serious adverse effects for a number of patients who have other forms of amyloidosis. There are at least 26 proteins which can give amyloidosis in humans, and 11 of these are associated with systemic forms of amyloidosis which can be easily mistaken for the clinical features of AL amyloidosis [1]. This is particularly true for AA (secondary, reactive) amyloidosis and several of the systemic types of hereditary (familial) amyloidosis. When there was no specific therapy for any form of systemic amyloidosis, there was less concern about making a correct diagnosis as to specific type of amyloidosis. Now, with the development of many specific therapies for different types of amyloidosis, it is imperative that the correct type of amyloidosis be made expeditiously. All too many patients with familial forms of amyloidosis have been treated with chemotherapeutic agents as a result of an incorrect diagnosis as the more common AL amyloidosis.
Ankle Power and Endurance Outcomes Following Isolated Gastrocnemius Recession for Achilles Tendinopathy

Background:Studies have demonstrated improved ankle dorsiflexion and pain reduction following a gastrocnemius recession (GR) procedure. However, changes in muscle performance during functional activities are not known. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an isolated GR on ankle power and endurance in patients with Achilles tendinopathy.Methods:Fourteen patients with chronic unilateral Achilles tendinopathy and 10 healthy controls participated in this study. Patient group data were collected 18 months following GR. Pain was compared to preoperative values using a 10-cm visual analog scale (VAS). Patient-reported outcomes for activities of daily living (ADL) and sports were assessed using the Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected during gait, stair ascent (standard and high step), and repetitive single-limb heel raises. Between-group and side-to-side differences in ankle plantarflexor muscle power and endurance were evaluated with appropriate t...
PORTAAL: A Classroom Observation Tool Assessing Evidence-Based Teaching Practices for Active Learning in Large Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Classes

There is extensive evidence that active learning works better than a completely passive lecture. Despite this evidence, adoption of these evidence-based teaching practices remains low. In this paper, we offer one tool to help faculty members implement active learning. This tool identifies 21 readily implemented elements that have been shown to increase student outcomes related to achievement, logic development, or other relevant learning goals with college-age students. Thus, this tool both clarifies the research-supported elements of best practices for instructor implementation of active learning in the classroom setting and measures instructors' alignment with these practices. We describe how we reviewed the discipline-based education research literature to identify best practices in active learning for adult learners in the classroom and used these results to develop an observation tool (Practical Observation Rubric To Assess Active Learning, or PORTAAL) that documents the extent to which instructors incorporate these practices into their classrooms. We then use PORTAAL to explore the classroom practices of 25 introductory biology instructors who employ some form of active learning. Overall, PORTAAL documents how well aligned classrooms are with research-supported best practices for active learning and provides specific feedback and guidance to instructors to allow them to identify what they do well and what could be improved.
A ward hemagglutinin induced in chickens by inoculation with Mycoplasma gallisepticum.

SummaryWarm hemagglutinins were produced in chickens inoculated with suspensions of living or dead Mycophsma gallisepticum, with higher titers being produced by living organisms. Killed suspensions of Salmonella typhimurium, Pasteurella multocida or Haemophilus gallinarum gave negative results. The peak of M. gallisepticum rapid serum plate agglutination did not appear to be correlated with hemagglutination titers.
Construction of Practical Teaching System in Plant Biology

Plant Biology is one of the important professional basal courses.After many years for practical teaching,the author set up a better system for the teaching.The practical teaching system includes basic,extensive and field practical teaching.There are four grade experiments,validating,searching,paper reviewing and self-designed experiments in the former two sections.In the field practical teaching,the basic field knowledge and technical skill,data analysis and group research work are conducted.The systematic practical teaching can make the student have solid knowledge and spirit of the thinking and creating.
Common Diuretics Used in the Preterm and Term Infant: What’s Changed?

Diuretics are administered routinely to sick neonates for the treatment of multiple clinical disorders, including edema, hypertension, congestive heart failure/cardiovascular disease, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and renal dysfunction. Choosing the safest and most effective regimen of diuretic therapy for both the term and preterm neonate requires thoughtful consideration of several factors. Such factors include an understanding of each drug’s pharmacologic principles and safety and efficacy profiles as well as outside considerations such as clinically relevant drug interactions and available formulations, among others. This article focuses on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of each of the most commonly employed diuretics in the neonatal population and the factors that may influence the infant’s overall response to therapy.
A Simulation System for Coupling of Production and Energy Consumption Processes in Heavy Equipment Enterprise

This article provides a simulation system for coupling of production and energy consumption processes in heavy equipment enter prise by using object-oriented design and programming technology.The system packages the most underlying functions of simulation pro gram design,with discrete event simulation engine embedded,depending on mechanism of four flows in one,featuring by simple use and high expandability.The system is applied to a case to show operation steps and verify its correctness and validity.
Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcers at Academic Medical Centers in the United States, 2008–2012: Tracking Changes Since the CMS Nonpayment Policy

Article-at-a-Glance Background In 2007, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) announced its intention to no longer reimburse hospitals for costs associated with hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) and a list of other hospital-acquired conditions (HACs), which was followed by enactment of the nonpayment policy in October 2008. This study was conducted to define changes in HAPU incidence and variance since 2008. Methods In a retrospective observational study, HAPU cases were identified at 210 University HealthSystem Consortium (UHC) academic medical centers in the United States. HAPU incidence rates were calculated as a ratio of HAPU cases to the total number of UHC inpatients between the first quarter of 2008 and the second quarter of 2012. HAPU cases were defined by multiple criteria: not present on admission (POA); coded for stage III or IV pressure ulcers; and a length of stay greater than four days. Results Among the UHC hospitals between 2008 and June 2012, 10,386 HAPU cases were identified among 4.08 million inpatients. The HAPU incidence rate decreased significantly from 11.8 cases per 1,000 inpatients in 2008 to 0.8 cases per 1,000 in 2012 (p Conclusions HAPU incidence rates decreased significantly among 210 UHC AMCs after the enactment of the CMS nonpayment policy. The hospitals appeared to be reacting efficiently to economic policy incentives by improving prevention efforts.
The new Norm

This article examines how one Central Florida newspaper used emerging media technologies to communicate and engage better with a newly active audience during its coverage of two high-profile court trials. Through a series of in-depth interviews with participating journalists, the author demonstrates how the Orlando Sentinel disrupted traditional newsgathering and dissemination methods during reporting of the Casey Anthony and George Zimmerman trials, and in doing so, challenged long-standing gatekeeping media theories and exemplified emerging participatory journalism models. Findings show that audience demands for live and continuous information throughout the development of the Casey Anthony and George Zimmerman stories and resulting court proceedings were a driving force in changing outdated journalism paradigms that led to the adaptation of a new norm by the Orlando Sentinel newsroom and journalists.
Free Full Thickness Skin Graft Urethroplasty: Current Technique

AbstractWe present details of our current techniques for skin graft urethroplasty. We believe that careful attention to the details of these operative techniques is important to their success. The changes from our previous reports include: 1) preparation of patch grafts with rounded ends, 2) preparation of tube grafts with fishmouth spatulation, 3) fixation of the stent catheter to the anterior abdominal wall, 4) leaving a stent catheter inlying for 2 weeks and replacing with a smaller catheter if a voiding cystourethrogram shows extravasation, 5) fixation of the graft during preparation by dermatome adhesive, 6) irrigation of the wound with irrigant before closure and 7) urodynamic flow study for non-invasive postoperative followup.
Psychological Distress and Revictimization Risk in Youth Victims of Sexual Abuse

Psychological distress, including depression and anxiety, has been associated with increased risk for sexual revictimization in youth who have experienced child sexual abuse. The present study utilized assessment information from treatment seeking youth with histories of sexual abuse to explore specific risk indicators for revictimization-risk taking, social problems, maladaptive cognitions, and posttraumatic stress-that may be indicated by self-reported distress. The relationship between initial levels of distress and change in symptoms over a 12-week course of treatment was also explored. Participants were 101 youth referred to a child-focused therapeutic group for victims of sexual abuse, 65 youth referred to an adolescent-focused group, and their non-offending caregivers. Results revealed that when combined into a distress score, depression and anxiety were associated with delinquent behaviors, interpersonal difficulties, maladaptive cognitions, and posttraumatic stress symptoms for child and adolescent group participants at presentation to treatment. Children exhibited improvement on measures of interpersonal difficulties, maladaptive cognitions, and self-reported posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Adolescents exhibited less change over time, with significant improvement on self-reported social problems and PTSD only. Higher psychological distress was associated with less improvement in regard to negative expectations of abuse impact for child group participants. The findings suggest that distress indicates the presence of specific revictimization risk indicators, helping to identify targetable symptoms for intervention. Therefore, screening for psychological distress after discovery of sexual abuse may help detect youth at higher risk for revictimization and guide treatment.
The generalizability of NCI-sponsored clinical trials accrual among women with gynecologic malignancies.

Abstract Objectives Enrollment of a representative population to cancer clinical trials ensures scientific reliability and generalizability of results. This study evaluated the similarity of patients enrolled in NCI-supported group gynecologic cancer trials to the incident US population. Methods Accrual to NCI-sponsored ovarian, uterine, and cervical cancer treatment trials between 2003 and 2012 were examined. Race, ethnicity, age, and insurance status were compared to the analogous US patient population estimated using adjusted SEER incidence data. Results There were 18,913 accruals to 156 NCI-sponsored gynecologic cancer treatment trials, ovarian (56%), uterine (32%), and cervical cancers (12%). Ovarian cancer trials included the least racial, ethnic and age diversity. Black women were notably underrepresented in ovarian trials (4% versus 11%). Hispanic patients were underrepresented in ovarian and uterine trials (4% and 5% versus 18% and 19%, respectively), but not in cervical cancer trials (14 versus 11%). Elderly patients were underrepresented in each disease area, with the greatest underrepresentation seen in ovarian cancer patients over the age of 75 (7% versus 29%). Privately insured women were overrepresented among accrued ovarian cancer patients (87% versus 76%), and the uninsured were overrepresented among women with uterine or cervical cancers. These patterns did not change over time. Conclusions Several notable differences were observed between the patients accrued to NCI funded trials and the incident population. Improving representation of racial and ethnic minorities and elderly patients on cancer clinical trials continues to be a challenge and priority.
Issues of Liner-Plasma Compression

For several decades, the notion of compression of plasma to fusion conditions by liner implosion has been pursued by several groups. This quest has often achieved success with some form of liner implosion technology, but not in the actual compression of plasma. Several plasma targets have been proposed, ranging from plasma magnetized to reduce heat transfer, but mechanically-supported by the liner, to plasmas confined and supported by magnetic field, in some configuration of open and closed field-lines. In all cases, the principal issue remains one of preventing the high atomic-number material of the liner from penetrating the plasma and countering the gain in plasma temperature sought by compression. Two factors foster development of such deleterious penetration: the creation of a liquid/vapor layer at the liner surface at high magnetic fields, and disruption of this layer by Rayleigh-Taylor instability in the final stages of plasma compression. The latter factor, of course, depends on the desired efficiency of energy transfer from liner kinetic energy to the plasma. In reactor concepts, the efficiency needs to be high in order to reduce the total system energy and size to attractive values. Within a general review of issues of liner compression of plasma, we discuss reactor cost optimization by use of plasma at pressures intermediate between the values of conventional magnetically- or inertially-confined fusion concepts. We also describe the development of an equilibrium layer of vapor adjacent to the liner surface at high magnetic fields, and the consequences of liner deceleration and rebound for reactor concepts and research progress.
New York University's Steinhardt Technology Services: Using Intentional Data Tracking to Achieve Maximum Operational Impact

In recent years, the analysis of Big Data has been lauded for its ability to solve complex operational problems, provide meaningful insights, and draw connections across disparate or nuanced sources. Big Data, however, may not be the most effective tool of analysis across all settings. Particularly, within smaller tech operations, the lack of resources required to fully formulate, maintain, and analyze large data sets may limit the benefits of Big Data. Faced with this problem, Steinhardt Technology Services (a small IT Help Desk within New York University) endeavored to develop a data strategy that would allow the team to leverage big data insights without the complications of gathering and analyzing Big Data.In this paper, the author will discuss the development of Steinhardt Technology Services' data strategy. The paper will first describe Steinhardt Technology Services' data dilemma and how creating and executing an intentional data strategy allowed the group to collect and process meaningful help desk data. Next, the author will describe how the data strategy was leveraged to create and maintain the business practices that maximize Steinhardt Technology Services' ability to execute its mission statement. Finally, the author will discuss future goals and challenges for Steinhardt Technology Services' data strategy.
A Flexible Choice of Critical Constants for the Improved Hybrid Hochberg-Hommel Procedure

In Gou et al. (Biometrika 101(4), 899–911 2014), we proposed an improved hybrid Hochberg-Hommel (HH0) step-up multiple test procedure. The procedure used a fixed, specified set of critical constants. In this follow-up note, we show that an entire class of critical constants can be derived by relaxing one of the assumptions in that paper. This allows a choice of more powerful critical constants. These critical constants do not control the type I error under positive dependence among the test statistics as shown by simulations. Therefore, they should be used only under independence and negative dependence when not only they control the type I error but also yield higher power. If positive dependence is expected, as is common in practice, then the HH0 procedure should be used since it is robust with respect to type I error control under dependence.
Evolution of left atrial appendage exclusion

Atrial fibrillation is independently associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic stroke. While anticoagulants decrease this risk, they also carry a substantial risk of bleeding. Most left atrial thrombi arise from the left atrial appendage (LAA), which has led to several investigations into surgical and percutaneous methods of LAA exclusion for stroke reduction. The PubMed database was queried, and over 400 articles were considered for inclusion in this review. Of the surgical methods of LAA exclusion, complete excision is the most effective. Other methods, including ligation and stapling, may be incomplete and associated with left atrial thrombus formation. Surgical LAA exclusion has been commonly performed during mitral valve surgery although it has not been shown to prevent stroke in many retrospective studies. In patients unable to take warfarin, several percutaneous LAA exclusion devices have been studied, including the PLAATO system, Amplatzer Cardiac Plug (ACP), Watchman device, and Lariat. Both the ACP and Watchman have shown a significant stroke reduction and improved procedural safety with greater experience. The Lariat ligates the LAA using a combined endocardial and epicardial approach but is currently associated with substantial procedural risks. With better patient selection for the different options of LAA exclusion, thromboembolic stroke protection can be maximized with fewer complication risks.
Spin deviation probabilities in the heisenberg ferromagnet

Abstract The probability p(n) for the occurrence of n spin deviations at a lattice site in an ideal Heisenberg ferromagnet is calculated explicitly for n⩽3 in the spin-wave region to lowest order in ( kT 2JS ) but to all orders of perturbation theory, neglecting kinematic interactions. These results suggest that to lowest order in ( kT 2JS ) which is Consistent with spin kinematics: p(n) = 0, n>2S. This formula is shown to hold for arbitrary n up to order ( 1 S ) 2 . Such a result is consistent with Dyson's analysis.
A Review of Use of Foam-Generating Surfactants to Improve Injection Profiles and Decrease Gravity Override in Steam Injection

To understand the use of selective blocking agents in enhanced recovery of heavy oil, one must appreciate certain of the physical facets of the systems with which we deal. While these are well-known to most petroleum engineers, I shall review them here just to emphasize their importance. These are factors which dominate these systems even though they either tend to be overlooked or else their effects are assumed to be of minor importance in many studies.
Characterization of Si-MOSFET CMOS devices for detection at 170 to 250 GHz

Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) and its collaborators at the University of Rochester and Harris Corporation are developing a room-temperature imaging Terahertz (THz) frequency detector using Si-MOSFET (Silicon Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) CMOS devices. They are implemented into a focal plane imaging array for use in many applications, such as transmission or penetration imaging and spectroscopy. Technology for THz detection is often extremely costly, due to either expensive detector materials or cryogenic cooling systems. However, the devices tested here are low-cost due to the use of conventional room temperature silicon CMOS technology. The devices operate from 170 to 250 GHz with an additional detector design has been fabricated for 30 THz (10 microns wavelength). Results are presented for the initial testing of single test structure FETs. These devices were designed with several different antenna configurations and a range of MOSFET design variations for evaluation. The primary goal of the work presented here is to determine the optimized detector design for the subsequent focal plane array implementation based on the largest responsivities and lowest noise-equivalent power (NEP). Transmission testing of the devices yields responsivities of about 100 to 1000 V/W and a NEP of about 0.5 to 10 nW·Hz-1/2. Through this evaluation and by utilizing signal amplification on the chip, signal modulation at higher frequencies, and smaller process sizes the performance of these devices will continue to improve in future designs.
Implications of advice rejection in repeated exchanges: Advisor responses and advisee gratitude expression as a buffer

Abstract Using interpersonal theory as a framework and drawing upon sociometer theory and emotions as social information (EASI) model, we examine the implications of advice rejection in repeated advising exchanges. In five experiments (n = 1788), we identified an advisor's reduced social worth as an intermediary mechanism explaining how an advisee's rejection (vs. acceptance) of previous advice could reduce the advisor's prosocial motivation toward the advisee and lead to dishonest (vs. honest) advice giving in a subsequent advising exchange. The advisee's gratitude expression, compared to neutral/no expression and ingratitude expression, served as a buffer, which elevated an advisor's social worth in the condition of advice rejection. The findings were robust, whether the second advising exchange involved conflict of interest or not.