cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ascorbic acid diabetogenesis in the domestic fowl

Abstract Ascorbic acid at a concentration of 0.5 m M potently stimulated insulin and avian pancreatic polypeptide (APP) release from perifused chicken pancreas microfragments. Ascorbic acid stimulation of insulin release was accompanied by a selective toxic effect; stimulation of insulin release was not repeatable with a second ascorbic acid exposure although secretory responsiveness to theophylline remained. This effect may be involved in the diabetogenic action of ascorbic acid in several mammalian species and, as demonstrated herein, in the chicken. In the chicken in vivo chronic ascorbate treatment produced an abolition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion as well as glucose intolerance. Release of APP occurred in response to repeated exposures to ascorbic acid. Dehydroascorbic acid did not mimic either the stimulatory effect or the selective toxic effect of ascorbic acid.
An algorithm for large-scale computational finite-deformation plasticity

Abstract This paper describes the results of an extended version of a new explicit algorithm recently developed by Nemat-Nasser and co-workers for stiff phenomenological finite-deformation rate-independent elastoplasticity and rate-dependent elastoviscoplasticity. The extended algorithm incorporates effects of large strains and rotations, while continuing to include possible combined isotropic and kinematic workhardening, as well as thermal softening and noncoaxiality of the plastic strain rate and the deviatoric stress. It is based on a plastic-predictor-followed-by-elastic-corrector methodology and produces accurate and stable results, which are practically (i.e., in a finite-element application) independent of the magnitude of the time or strain increment. It is shown that the algorithm provides accurate results for relatively large strain and rotation increments. The result is exact for rigid-body rotation. It also works well for problems with nonproportional loading.
MULTIPLE PERSONALITY DOMAINS IN RELATION TO OCCUPATIONAL CHOICE AND PERFORMANCE AMONG ESTABLISHED TEACHERS

Does personality impact differently on occupational choice and occupational performance? In a study of established teachers, interests, the Five-Factor Model, and attributions were examined in relation to occupational choice and performance. Attributions were assessed using a new instrument designed for teachers. Choice of teaching specialty was found to be most strongly associated with interest in the arts and sciences, openness to experience, and internal attributions in response to a positive classroom event. On the other hand, quality of teaching assessed by the National Board of Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS) was associated (negatively) with business interests and with a tendency to externalize blame in response to a problematic teaching situation. Study findings suggested the hypothesis that broad traits located relatively high in a personality hierarchy influence trait matching in selecting an occupation, whereas more specific motivational/dynamic factors located lower in the personality hierarchy influence performance within the chosen niche. The report includes supplemental evidence on the construct validity of the personality measures for assessing teachers.
Double Higgs from w-w fusion

We study the double Higgs boson production in pp collider at SSC energy via W-W fusion. The calculation are based on the exact CALKUL method. We also checked the result with the equivalent WLWL approximation.
A pathologist-in-the-loop IHC antibody test selection using the entropy-based probabilistic method

Background: Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is an important tool to identify and quantify expression of certain proteins (antigens) to gain insights into the molecular processes in a diseased tissue. However, it is a challenge for pathologists to remember the discriminative characteristics of the growing number of such antigens across multiple diseases. The complexity of their expression patterns, fueled by continuous discoveries in molecular pathology, gives rise to a combinatorial explosion that places an unprecedented burden on a practicing pathologist and therefore increases cost and variability of IHC studies. Materials and Methods: To tackle these issues, we have developed antibody test optimized selection method, a novel informatics tool to help pathologists in improving the IHC antibody selection process. The method uses extensions of Shannon's information entropies and Bayesian probabilities to dynamically build an efficient diagnostic tree. Results: A comparative analysis of our method with the expert and World Health Organization classification guidelines showed that the proposed method brings threefold reduction in number of antibody tests required to reach a diagnostic conclusion. Conclusion: The developed method can significantly streamline the antibody test selection process, decrease associated costs and reduce inter- and intrapathologist variability in IHC decision-making.
Abuse in childhood and religious/spiritual status in adulthood among internal medicine outpatients.

The relationship between abuse in childhood and religiosity/spirituality status in adulthood has been previously studied, but not in a medical sample or with the current study measure. Using a cross-sectional consecutive sample of 317 internal medicine outpatients, we asked participants, “As a child, were you the victim of either physical or sexual abuse?,” and assessed religiosity/spirituality status with the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp-12). We found that among the cohort with abuse in childhood, seven of twelve scales as well as the overall FACIT-Sp-12 score demonstrated statistically significant differences, with abused participants consistently evidencing lower religiosity/spirituality scores.
Metabolism of dl-α-aminobutyrate-3-14C and dl-norleucine-3-14C☆

Abstract The catabolism of dl -α-aminobutyric acid-3- 14 C and of dl -norleucine-3- 14 C have been studied by incubation in rat liver homogenates. Radioactive α-ketobutyric acid and propionic acid were isolated from the α-aminobutyric acid incubations. Radioactive α-ketocaproic acid, valeric acid, and β-hydroxyvaleric acid were isolated from the norleucine incubations. The evidence obtained supports the scheme that the straight-chain α-amino acids are catabolized by conversion to the corresponding α-keto acid, oxidative decarboxylation, and the subsequent oxidation of the resulting monocarboxylic acid by the scheme of β-oxidation.
Northern Ireland and the ‘War on Terror’: A Reply to Mary Alice Clancy

In support of a collegial and scholarly quest for knowledge, I want to commend Mary Alice Clancy for her contribution, and her work generally, which clearly has added to the existing literature on ...
Determination of chiral sulfoxides in plasma by normal-phase liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry.

Abstract A sensitive and specific assay has been developed and validated for the separation of a chiral sulfoxide drug candidate with simultaneous determination of the corresponding sulfide and sulfone in plasma by normal-phase LC–MS–MS. Separation was achieved on a Chiralpak AD (100×2.1 mm) column with a 2-propanol–hexane (80:20) mobile phase within 7 min. Aqueous mobile phase (2-propanol–10 m M ammonium acetate, 75:25) was added post-column prior to introduction into the heated nebulizer interface of a Sciex API 3plus mass spectrometer, to avoid the explosion hazard of hexane-containing mobile phases in the presence of a corona discharge. The linear range of this assay was 5–2500 ng/ml. The accuracy and precision of the chiral sulfoxides, the sulfide and the sulfone were within ±15% across the linear range. The limit of quantitation for each component was 5 ng/ml based on the extraction of 0.25 ml plasma. The recovery for each component was between 82 and 120%. This assay was sufficiently sensitive and specific to support pre-clinical development studies in rats, dogs and monkeys.
Kilohertz tunable dispersion compensation with a bimorph piezo deformable mirror

We present a new technique for dispersion compensation with ≫105 fs2 range and kilohertz tuning speed, enabling high-speed focal plane scanning of two-photon excited fluorescence in a temporal focusing setup.
Characterization of O-sulfopeptides by negative ion mode tandem mass spectrometry: superior performance of negative ion electron capture dissociation.

Positive ion mode collision-activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CAD MS/MS) of O-sulfopeptides precludes determination of sulfonated sites due to facile proton-driven loss of the highly labile sulfonate groups. A previously proposed method for localizing peptide and protein O-sulfonation involves derivatization of nonsulfonated tyrosines followed by positive ion CAD MS/MS of the corresponding modified sulfopeptides for diagnostic sulfonate loss. This indirect method relies upon specific and complete derivatization of nonsulfonated tyrosines. Alternative MS/MS activation methods, including positive ion metastable atom-activated dissociation (MAD) and metal-assisted electron transfer dissociation (ETD) or electron capture dissociation (ECD) provide varying degrees of sulfonate retention. Sulfonate retention has also been reported following negative ion MAD and electron detachment dissociation (EDD), which also operates in negative ion mode in which sulfonate groups are less labile than in positi...
Medical Mycology for the Hospital Epidemiologist

Healthcare-associated invasive fungal infections are increasing and are a cause of significant patient morbidity and mortality. Nosocomial infections due to Candida species, followed by Aspergillus species, are the most common causes of these infections in hospitalized patients. Hospital epidemiologists and infection control practitioners must recognize that similar to bacterial pathogens, fungal infections can be the cause of hospital outbreaks, and issues of resistance are increasing. Efforts to best identify patients at risk for developing fungal infections or those at risk of having a resistant organism are ongoing. Better diagnostics and tools to aid prevention are needed in addition to usual infection prevention and control standards.
Membrane progesterone receptor expression in mammalian tissues: A review of regulation and physiological implications

The recent discovery of a novel, membrane localized progestin receptor (mPR) unrelated to the classical progesterone receptor (PR) in fishes and its subsequent identification in mammals suggests a potential mediator of non-traditional progestin actions, particularly in tissues where PR is absent. While early studies on mPR focused on final oocyte maturation in fishes, more current studies have examined mPRs in multiple mammalian systems in both reproductive and non-reproductive tissues as well as in diseased tissues. Here we review the current data on mPR in mammalian systems including male and female reproductive tracts, liver, neuroendocrine tissues, the immune system and breast and ovarian cancer. We also provide new data demonstrating mPR expression in the RAW 264.7 immune cell line and bone marrow-derived macrophages as well as mPR expression and downstream gene regulation in ovarian cancer cells.
Rotating algal biofilm reactor and spool harvester for wastewater treatment with biofuels by‐products

Maximizing algae production in a wastewater treatment process can aid in the reduction of soluble nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the wastewater. If harvested, the algae-based biomass offers the added benefit as feedstock for the production of biofuels and bioproducts. However, difficulties in harvesting, concentrating, and dewatering the algae-based biomass have limited the development of an economically feasible treatment and production process. When algae-based biomass is grown as a surface attached biofilm as opposed to a suspended culture, the biomass is naturally concentrated and more easily harvested. This can lead to less expensive removal of the biomass from wastewater, and less expensive downstream processing in the production of biofuels and bioproducts. In this study, a novel rotating algal biofilm reactor (RABR) was designed, built, and tested at bench (8 L), medium (535 L), and pilot (8,000 L) scales. The RABR was designed to operate in the photoautotrophic conditions of open tertiary wastewater treatment, producing mixed culture biofilms made up of algae and bacteria. Growth substrata were evaluated for attachment and biofilm formation, and an effective substratum was discovered. The RABR achieved effective nutrient reduction, with average removal rates of 2.1 and 14.1 g m(-2) day(-1) for total dissolved phosphorus and total dissolved nitrogen, respectively. Biomass production ranged from 5.5 g m(-2) day(-1) at bench scale to as high as 31 g m(-2) day(-1) at pilot scale. An efficient spool harvesting technique was also developed at bench and medium scales to obtain a concentrated product (12-16% solids) suitable for further processing in the production of biofuels and bioproducts.
Stability and Variability in a Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Climate Model: Results of 100-year Simulations

Abstract Two 100-year seasonal simulators, one performed with a low resolution atmospheric general circulation model (GCM) coupled to a mixed-layer ocean formulation and the other made with the GCM forced by prescribed ocean conditions, are compared to assess the effects of an interactive ocean and sea-ice component on the stability and interannual variability of a climate system. Characteristics of the time variation of surface temperature, 700 mb temperature and sea-ice coverage are analyzed for selected land and ocean areas. Both simulations showed stable seasonal cycles of basic variables, although small trends were found. These trends were roughly linear in nature and quite distinct from all other components of variability. Detrended time series were used to describe the other aspects of variability. There was pronounced interannual variability in the simulations from both models as seen in the time series for temperature and sea ice over the entire 100-year time period. Consistent with observations,...
Beyond vancomycin: new therapies to meet the challenge of glycopeptide resistance

The incidence of infections caused by resistant Gram-positive pathogens is increasing, while emergence of vancomycin resistance is reducing the number of therapeutic options. New agents are being rapidly evaluated as candidates to replace vancomycin; some of the most promising include semisynthetic glycopeptides, quinupristin-dalfopristin, oxazolidinones and everninomycins. Alternative strategies, including immunization and therapeutic vaccines, may also have a role.
Integrin regulation of cell signalling and motility.

Integrins clearly play a key role in regulating both mitogenic signalling and cell migration. Thus integrins modulate the efficiency of the Erk (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase)/MAP kinase (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway, acting at several distinct levels. We have shown that both cAMP-dependent protein kinase and PAKs (p21-activated kinases) play a role in integrin regulation of the Erk pathway, acting primarily at the level of Raf-1. Integrins and PAKs also play a role in the control of cell migration. Thus we have discovered a novel protein that links the α5β1 integrin to migration controlled by Rho-family GTPases. This protein, termed Nischarin, is a large cytosolic macromolecule that is not related to well-known protein families. The N-terminus of Nischarin interacts with a short segment of the cytoplasmic domain of the α5 integrin subunit. Overexpression of Nischarin alters actin organization and inhibits Rac-driven cell migration and tumour cell invasion. Use of effector domain mutants of Rac suggest that Nischarin acts downstream of Rac, probably at the level of PAK-family kinases. These studies emphasize the intricate connection between integrins and Rho-family GTPases and their effectors in controlling both mitogenesis and migration.
Meniscectomy: Is there still a role?

Meniscal injuries are among the most common knee injuries. What was once perceived to be a functionless structure is now recognised to be an integral part of normal knee function. The meniscus has been shown to have many important functions, including tibiofemoral load transmission, shock absorption, joint stability, and joint lubrication. As evidence has accumulated from both animal and clinical studies of the frequent development of degenerative knee changes after total meniscectomies, surgeons have become increasingly aggressive in their efforts to conserve as much meniscal tissue as possible. This review addresses the current approaches to the treatment of meniscal injuries based on an understanding of meniscal structure and function, as well as the basic principles of meniscal repair and resection. Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy offers the patient low morbidity, rapid rehabilitation, and a quicker return to functional capacity. Its basic technique is presented. Given the satisfactory functional and clinical outcomes, both short- and long-term, of arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, it will continue to be a frequent and inevitable procedure in orthopaedic practices.
Assessing thermal effects on magnetic fabrics of sedimentary rocks: Results from synthetic and natural samples

[1] In order to examine thermal effects on magnetic fabrics, particularly remanence fabrics that test the accuracy of paleomagnetic records, the pre- and post-heating magnetic fabrics of synthetic (magnetite+CaF2) and natural samples were compared. The natural samples were collected from a thermally remagnetized, baked zone of the Triassic Passaic Fm. in southeastern Pennsylvania, USA and their magnetic fabrics were compared with those from the unremagnetized Passaic country rocks. The unheated synthetic and natural samples display predominantly oblate magnetic susceptibility and remanence fabrics. The heated synthetic samples yield oblate AMS and AAR fabrics; whereas the remagnetized Passaic rocks show random AMS fabrics, but exhibit depositional remanence fabrics. Apparently, natural samples we studied lost their initial AMS fabrics but inherited their initial depositional remanence fabrics during thermal remagnetization. Thus, the presence of oblate fabrics may not uniquely indicate a primary remanence. The disagreement between AMS and AAR fabrics could indicate a possible remagnetization.
Authoritative schools: A test of a model to resolve the school effectiveness debate

Abstract School effectiveness research has fueled debate on the importance of a press for academic excellence versus communal values. Research on parenting styles offers a theoretical framework that may resolve the debate. We hypothesized that dimensions of parenting styles—demandingness (academic press) and responsiveness (communal values)—predict students’ mathematics achievement, engagement, and locus of control. HLM analyses of NELS: 88 data on 19,435 eighth-graders partially supported the hypothesis: Students’ perceptions of school responsiveness predicted their engagement and internal control. In addition, students in responsive schools had smaller differences in mathematics achievement and internal control attributable to SES, suggesting that responsive schools may increase equity. We offer suggestions for further investigation of the model in hope of resolving the debate.
Likelihood and Bayesian Prediction of Chaotic Systems

Abstract There has recently been considerable interest in both applied disciplines and in mathematics, as well as in the popular science literature, in the areas of nonlinear dynamical systems and chaotic processes. By a nonlinear, deterministic dynamical system, we mean a time series in which, starting at some initial condition, the values of the series are some fixed, nonlinear function of the previous states. One of the more intriguing aspects of these models is their propensity for displaying very complex, apparently random behavior, even when simple models are analyzed. A consequence of such chaotic behavior is that it is difficult to predict the exact behavior of a chaotic system. The difficulty in prediction stems from the fact that even the tiniest of errors, including computer roundoff, in either the specification of the function or the initial condition, can lead to huge errors in prediction. After a brief review of dynamical systems and the role of probability in dealing with uncertainty, a com...
Optimum localization of multiple sources by passive arrays

The maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the location of multiple sources and the corresponding Cramer-Rao lower bound on the error covariance matrix are derived. The derivation is carried out for the general case of correlated sources so that multipath propagation is included as a special case. It is shown that the ML processor consists of a bank of beam-formers, each focused to a different source, followed by a variable matrix-filter that is controlled by the assumed location of the sources. In the special case of uncorrelated sources and very low signal-to-noise ratio this processor reduces to an aggregate of ML processors for a single source with each processor matched to a different source. Iterative algorithms for the actual computation of the ML estimator are also presented.
Recurrence Intervals for Intraplate Earthquakes in Eastern North America from Paleoseismological Data

In intraplate settings in eastern North America, paleoseismological studies have been used to obtain recurrence of earthquake at three locations. As causative faults are usually inaccessible at these locations the effects of paleoearthquakes have been studied. While calculating recurrence intervals we have tacitly assumed that the earthquakes at each locality repeatedly occurred on the same faults. Indicators of paleoearthquakes that were studied include deformed soft sediments due to seismically induced liquefaction (New Madrid and Charleston, SC, seismic zones), warped lake sediments and anomalous silt layers in otherwise organic rich sediments (Charlevoix, Canada seismic zone). The resulting recurrence intervals for New Madrid (≈ 600 years) and Charleston (1500–2000 years) are in general agreement with those obtained from statistical studies. At Charlevoix it was estimated that a MM intensity VI event (sufficient to disturb varves) occurs every ≈ 400 years.
Electrical activity during the P-R interval.

Electrical activity of the specialized conducting system (His bundle, bundle branches, false tendons and peripheral Purkinje fibers) of canine hearts has been recorded in situ through electrodes attached to the endocardium during total cardiopulmonary bypass. Simultaneous records from multiple sites have been correlated with electrocardiograms to indicate the sequence of activation of the specialized conducting system during normal and retrograde activation and during vagal stimulation. The results obtained indicate that the method employed has several advantages among which are an absence of injury at the recording site and an applicability to chronic studies.
Animal Models to Study the Mutational Landscape for Oral Cavity and Oropharyngeal Cancers

Cancer is likely caused by alterations in gene structure or expression. Recently, next generation sequencing has documented mutations in 106 head and neck squamous cell cancer genomes, suggesting several new candidate genes. However, it remains difficult to determine which mutations directly contributed to cancer. Here, summarize the animal models which have already validated and may test cancer causing mutations identified by next generation sequencing approaches.
Immunocytochemical localization of the β3 subunit of the γ‐aminobutyric acidA receptor in the rat brain

A novel anti-beta(3) subunit-specific GABA(A) receptor (GABA(A)R) antibody has been prepared by immunizing a rabbit with a bacterial fusion protein of the large intracellular loop of the beta(3) subunit. The antiserum immunoprecipitated the solubilized GABA(A) receptor. The anti-beta(3) antibody was affinity purified on immobilized beta(3) large intracellular loop peptide. In immunoblots, the purified antibody reacted with a 57 KDa peptide. Immunocytochemistry with the affinity-purified antibody has revealed the localization of the beta(3) subunit in the rat brain. A comparative study with the immunocytochemical distribution of the beta(2) subunit has also been performed. There are areas of the brain and cell types where the distribution of beta(2) and beta(3) overlap (i.e., cerebral cortex, cerebellum,and most layers of the olfactory bulb). There are also clear differences in the expression of beta(3) and beta(2) in other brain areas and cell types. Thus, high beta(3) but low or no beta(2) expression was observed in the corpus striatum and in granule cells of the olfactory bulb. In the hippocampus the expression of beta(3) was considerably higher than that of beta(2), but some hippocampal interneurons showed high expression of beta(2). High beta(2) but little or no expression of beta(3) was observed in thalamic nuclei, substantia nigra, globus pallidus, inferior colliculus and the short axon cells of the olfactory bulb.
MO-pack: many-objective clustering for FPGA CAD

Applications targeting FPGA integrated systems impose strict energy, channel width and delay constraints. We introduce the first many-objective clustering, MO-Pack, that targets these performance metrics concurrently. Detailed performance comparisons over state of the art clustering strategies targeting energy (P-T-VPack), delay (T-VPack), channel width (iRAC), and timing and routability (T-RPack) show that MO-Pack achieves its goals without increasing the logic area.
The Yeast Aac2 Protein Exists in Physical Association with the Cytochrome bc1-COX Supercomplex and the TIM23 Machinery

The ADP/ATP carrier (AAC) proteins play a central role in cellular metabolism as they facilitate the exchange of ADP and ATP across the mitochondrial inner membrane. We present evidence here that in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) mitochondria the abundant Aac2 isoform exists in physical association with the cytochrome c reductase (cytochrome bc1)-cytochrome c oxidase (COX) supercomplex and its associated TIM23 machinery. Using a His-tagged Aac2 derivative and affinity purification studies, we also demonstrate here that the Aac2 isoform can be affinity-purified with other AAC proteins. Copurification of the Aac2 protein with the TIM23 machinery can occur independently of its association with the fully assembled cytochrome bc1-COX supercomplex. In the absence of the Aac2 protein, the assembly of the cytochrome bc1-COX supercomplex is perturbed, whereby a decrease in the III2-IV2 assembly state relative to the III2-IV form is observed. We propose that the association of the Aac2 protein with the cytochrome bc1-COX supercomplex is important for the function of the OXPHOS complexes and for the assembly of the COX complex. The physiological implications of the association of AAC with the cytochrome bc1-COX-TIM23 supercomplex are also discussed.
Coming To Grips with Radical Social Constructivisms.

This essay distinguishes two broad groups — psychological constructivists and social constructivists — but focusses upon the second of these, although it is stressed that there is great ‘within group’ variation. More than half of the paper is devoted to general ‘clearing of the ground’, during which the reasons for the growing acrimony in the debates between social constructivists and their opponents are assessed, an important consequence of these debates for education is discussed, and an examination is carried out of the radical social constructivist tendency to make strong and exciting but untenable claims which are then backed away from (a tendency which is documented by a close reading of the early pages in Bloor’s classic book). The last portion of the essay focuses upon social constructivist accounts of the causes of belief in science — the more radical of which denegrate the rote of warranting reasons, and which give an exalted place to quasi-anthropological or sociological studies of scientific communities.
Collaboratively reframing mental health for integration of HIV care in Ethiopia

Background Integrating mental health with general medical care can increase access to mental health services, but requires helping generalists acquire a range of unfamiliar knowledge and master potentially complex diagnostic and treatment processes.Method We describe a model for integrating complex specialty care with generalist/primary care, using as an illustration the integration of mental health into hospital-based HIV treatment services in Ethiopia. Generalists and specialists collaboratively developed mental health treatments to fit the knowledge, skills and resources of the generalists. The model recognizes commonalities between mental health and general medical care, focusing on practical interventions acceptable to patients. It was developed through a process of literature review, interviews, observing clinical practice, pilot trainings and expert consultation. Preliminary evaluation results were obtained by debriefing generalist trainees after their return to their clinical sites.Results In planning interviews, generalists reported discomfort making mental health diagnoses but recognition of symptom groups including low mood, anxiety, thought problems, poor child behaviour, seizures and substance use. Diagnostic and treatment algorithms were developed for these groups and tailored to the setting by including possible medical causes and burdens of living with HIV. First-line treatment included modalities familiar to generalists: empathetic patient–provider interactions, psychoeducation, cognitive reframing, referral to community supports and elements of symptom-specific evidence-informed counselling. Training introduced basic skills, with evolving expertise supported by job aides and ongoing support from mental health nurses cross-trained in HIV testing. Feedback from trainees suggested the programme fit well with generalists’ settings and clinical goals.Conclusions An integration model based on collaboratively developing processes that fit the generalist setting shows promise as a method for incorporating complex, multi-faceted interventions into general medical settings. Formal evaluations will be needed to compare the quality of care provided with more traditional approaches and to determine the resources required to sustain quality over time.
Sex Role Development as a Function of Parent Models and Oedipal Fixation

Abstract Sex role development is analyzed from the psychoanalytic and social learning perspectives. The process according to Freudian theory is seen as deriving from an internalization of characteristics of the same-sex parent, coupled with an effort to contrast oneself from the opposite-sex parent. These dynamics for sex-role differentiation are prominent mainly during the oedipal phase and are effected through the mechanism of identification. Social learning theory posits that modeling parents' behavior is the primary source of sex role development. This study investigated the correlations between sex role and the hypothesized precursors of parents' sex roles and oedipal fixation by asking 49 men and 81 women, who had taken the Rorschach, to complete the Bem Sex Role Inventory and also to use the inventory to describe their fathers and mothers. The Rorschachs were then content scored for psychosexual fixation areas. Results confirmed the psychoanalytic contingency of sex role and oedipal fixation for wo...
Efficient spectrum sharing with autonomous primary users: Distributed dynamic spectrum leasing (D-DSL)

In this paper we introduce a new architecture for dynamic spectrum sharing called the distributed dynamic spectrum leasing (D-DSL) and a game theoretic framework for its implementation on a cognitive radio network. In D-DSL, it is assumed that each channel is assigned to a primary user who may lease the channel to secondary users. The spectrum owners can thus dynamically adjust the amount of interference they are willing to tolerate from the secondary users. The secondary users compete with each other in order to achieve maximum possible Quality of Service without violating the interference cap imposed by the primary users on each channel. The secondary users are allowed to transmit in more than one channel simultaneously. The utility of each primary user is in general an increasing function of the amount of allowed secondary interference. Under these conditions in addition to the competition among secondary users, the primary users also compete with each other to let more secondary users to access their channels. We establish conditions for the system to reach an equilibrium and analyze the performance. It is shown that the performance of the secondary system improves by increasing the availability of primary channels.
Self-potential modeling from primary flows

This paper discusses a new method for the investigation of self potentials (SP) based on induced current sources. The induced current sources are due to divergences of the convection current which is driven, in turn, by a primary flow, either heat or fluid. As a result of using this approach there is a shift in emphasis toward the vector flow field and its interaction with current cross‐coupling structure when compared with the total potential approach of Nourbehecht (1963) which emphasized the primary flow potential and the voltage cross‐coupling. This shift in emphasis is advantageous because it is analogous to the actual physical processes. For example, fluid flow in the ground gives rise to drag (convection) currents, and the interaction of the convection currents with the electrical structure gives rise to the electrical potentials (SP). This simple physical picture should aid in developing a better intuitive understanding of the generation of SP effects. The convective current approach is easily ada...
The Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL): An Airborne Simulator for the ICESat-2 Mission

The Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite-2 (ICESat-2) mission is currently under development by NASA. The primary mission of ICESat-2 will be to measure elevation changes of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets, document changes in sea ice thickness distribution, and derive important information about the current state of the global ice coverage. To make this important measurement, NASA is implementing a new type of satellite-based surface altimetry based on sensing of laser pulses transmitted to, and reflected from, the surface. Because the ICESat-2 measurement approach is different from that used for previous altimeter missions, a high-fidelity aircraft instrument, the Multiple Altimeter Beam Experimental Lidar (MABEL), was developed to demonstrate the measurement concept and provide verification of the ICESat-2 methodology. The MABEL instrument will serve as a prototype for the ICESat-2 mission and also provides a science tool for studies of land surface topography. This paper outlines the science objectives for the ICESat-2 mission, the current measurement concept for ICESat-2, and the instrument concept and preliminary data from MABEL.
The Relation Between the Damage Tolerance and the R-Curve Behavior of Alumina Ceramics

The relation between the damage tolerance and the R-curve behavior was investigated, using alumina ceramic specimens, for understanding the practical application of the results of R-curve measurement. The damage tolerance was discussed by using the bending bars with Rockwell diamond indentation. R-curve behavior of alumina was changed by the grain growth with annealing. R-curve was measured in two different techniques, one is by using straight notched bending bars, and the other is by using Vickers indented bending bars. The damage tolerance was discussed from the relation between the Rockwell indenting force and the bending strength degradation of the specimens. The rising of the R-curve became larger on larger grain size specimens. The results obtained from Rockwell indented and Vickers indented bending bars were consistent. It shows that the R-curve results can be used for understanding the strength degradation of the damaged ceramic parts with spherical indentation.
Supporting and Retaining Novice Teachers

Novice teacher attrition has long been a concern among educators and policy makers who have responded with various types of induction and mentoring programs and increased efforts to recruit more te...
VEGAS: A Fuel Cycle Simulation and Preconditioner Tool with Restricted Material Balances

This paper introduces VEGAS, a lightweight and fast-executing fuel cycle simulator primarily intended to augment higher-fidelity fuel cycle simulators. VEGAS can act as a preconditioner as well as ...
Introduction of the Amazon Fly in the Philippines for Biological Control of Rice Borers

In recent years there has been considerable interest in the introduction of some of the well-known neotropical tachinid parasites into the oriental region for control of local stem borers of graminaceous crops. The species of parasites whose introductions have been attempted are the Cuban fly, Lixophaga diatraeae Townsend, the Amazon fly, Metagonistylum minense Townsend; and Paratheresia claripalpis van der Wulp (Chen 1967, Lever 1956, Mohanraj and Saxena 1964).
Relationship between hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis and VDR gene polymorphism

Objective To investigate the association between FokⅠ and BsmⅠ polymorphisms of vitamin D receptor(VDR) gene and the susceptibility to hepatitis B virus associated glomerulonephritis(HBV-GN).Methods VDR gene BsmⅠ and FokⅠ polymorphisms in 40 patients with HBV-GN,34 patients with Type B hepatitis and 46 controls were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism(PCR-RFLP).Results The frequency of FF genotype in the HBV-GN group were significantly lower than that in the chronic hepatitis B patients group and control(χ2 =9.084/10.254,P=0.0025/0.0014).There was not significant difference in the frequence of allel F/f among HBV-GN,chronic hepatitis B patients group and control(P0.05);And there was no significant difference in FokⅠ site polymorphism between chronic hepatitis B patients group and control(P0.05).The Bb genotype frequencies in the HBV-GN and chronic hepatitis B patients groups were significantly higher than that in the control group(χ2=8.945/10.435,P= 0.0027/0.0012),and the frequence of allel B in the two groups was significantly higher than that in contorl,but no significant diffierence was found between HBV-GN and chronic hepatitis B groups.Conclusion There may be an association between VDR plymorphism and the susceptibility to HBV associated glomerulonephritis and HBV infection.
The Present Position of the Neomycin-Erythromycin Bowel Prep

Recent evidence suggests that the neomycin-erythromycin preparation regimen is effective in reducing the incidence of wound sepsis.
Quantum dots and potential therapy for Krabbe's disease

Enzyme replacement therapy and substrate reduction therapy have proved useful in reversing many pathological consequences of many nonneural lysosomal storage diseases but have not yet reversed pathology or influenced disease outcome in Krabbe's disease (KD). This Review discusses the relative merits of stem cell therapy, molecular chaperone therapy, gene therapy, substrate reduction therapy, enzyme replacement therapy, and combination therapy. Given the limitations of these approaches, this Review introduces the idea of using tiny, 6-nm, intensely fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) to deliver a cell-penetrating peptide and 6 histidine residue-tagged β-D-galactocerebrosidase across the blood-brain barrier. We can therefore follow the fate of injected material and ensure that all targets are reached and that accumulated material is degraded. Uptake of lysosomal hydrolases is a complex process, and the cell-penetrating peptide JB577 is uniquely able to promote endosomal egress of the QD cargo. This Review further shows that uptake may depend on the charge of the coating of the QD, specifically, that negative charge directs the cargo to neurons. Because KD involves primarily glia, specifically oligodendroglia, we experiment with many coatings and discover a coating (polyethylene glycol 600 amino) that has a positive charge and targets oligodendrocytes. A similar effect is achieved by treating with chondroitinase ABC to degrade the extracellular matrix, indicating that enzyme replacement has several hurdles to overcome before it can become a routine CNS therapy. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive anatomical preservation optimal denoising for radiation therapy daily MRI

Low-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently been integrated with radiation therapy systems to provide image guidance for daily cancer radiation treatments. The main benefit of the low-field strength is minimal electron return effects. The main disadvantage of low-field strength is increased image noise compared to diagnostic MRIs conducted at 1.5 T or higher. The increased image noise affects both the discernibility of soft tissues and the accuracy of further image processing tasks for both clinical and research applications, such as tumor tracking, feature analysis, image segmentation, and image registration. An innovative method, adaptive anatomical preservation optimal denoising (AAPOD), was developed for optimal image denoising, i.e., to maximally reduce noise while preserving the tissue boundaries. AAPOD employs a series of adaptive nonlocal mean (ANLM) denoising trials with increasing denoising filter strength (i.e., the block similarity filtering parameter in the ANLM algorithm), and then detects the tissue boundary losses on the differences of sequentially denoised images using a zero-crossing edge detection method. The optimal denoising filter strength per voxel is determined by identifying the denoising filter strength value at which boundary losses start to appear around the voxel. The final denoising result is generated by applying the ANLM denoising method with the optimal per-voxel denoising filter strengths. The experimental results demonstrated that AAPOD was capable of reducing noise adaptively and optimally while avoiding tissue boundary losses. AAPOD is useful for improving the quality of MRIs with low-contrast-to-noise ratios and could be applied to other medical imaging modalities, e.g., computed tomography.
High energy-efficiency high bandwidth-density sub-THz interconnect for the “Last-Centimeter” chip-to-chip communications

This paper presents a high energy-efficiency and high bandwidth-density dielectric waveguide based sub-THz interconnect. A bumpless flip-channel packaged nearfield coupled transition based channel together with the holistic active circuit design scheme boosts the energy efficiency to the record based on the authors' best knowledge. The channel demonstrates the transmission loss of 0.04 dB/mm and the bending loss of 0.17 dB/bend. This proof-of-concept sub-THz link, with active circuits in 65 nm bulk CMOS, demonstrates the bit error rate of less than 1 × 10−12 up to 12.1 Gb/s with a high bandwidth density of 80.7 Gb/s/mm2. The record energy efficiency of 0.32 pJ/b is achieved at 10 Gb/s with 3.2 mW power consumption. The communication distance is 46.2 mm.
The Tongan board of commissioners of currency (1935-1989): Not an orthodox currency board

Abstract. This paper provides a historical summary, legislative history, and the first spreadsheet data series of the Tonga Board of Commissioners of Currency (1935-1989) and uses statistical tests to examine to what extent it operated as an orthodox currency board. Keywords. Tonga, Currency board. JEL. E42, N17.
Sensory and Motor Deficit with High Amplitude Stimulation in Spinal Cord Stimulators

There are multiple variables to titrate to maximize analgesia with spinal cord stimulators. Current and voltage of the devices vary by manufacturer. Modifying amplitude is crucial to maximizing efficacy, but improper titration may diminish analgesia or produce sensory or motor deficits.
Citizenship, language, education and poverty among Mexican migrants in Chicago

This paper examines the connection between immigration status, English language proficiency, and educational achievement as determinants of poverty among Mexico-born migrants in Chicago, U.S. The theoretical framework of the study uses Human Capital Theory and the analysis is based on a multistage cluster probabilistic sample (2005-2006) of Mexican migrants obtained in Cook County which includes the City of Chicago. Analyses of contingency tables and logistic regression models show that the most relevant connections occur between poverty and immigration status as well as between poverty and English language proficiency. Thus, Mexican immigrants with citizenship status, work permits, or residency permits (“green cards”) and Mexican immigrants with high English language proficiency have a lower probability to be below the poverty threshold than their counterparts. The analysis of the sample’s educational achievement in Mexico shows that these immigrants tend to have low levels of education and that the problems associatedwith school dropout among Mexican migrants extends below high school. Similarly, the educational achievement obtained in the U.S. is significantly low among the individuals in the sample. These results point to the plight of the large levels of undocumented workers with low English proficiency and suggest the existence of structural problems that impede significant returns to human capital investments on Mexican education in the U.S. labor market.
Wideband and Efficient Slot Cavity Backing for Unidirectional Log-Periodic Antenna

A slot cavity backing for unidirectional log-periodic (LP) antennas is proposed. Bowtie slot is etched on the bottom of a cavity to mitigate the degradation in impedance match at low frequency band of an LP antenna. The impedance match is further improved, and backward radiation is suppressed by resistively loading the slot. For conformal mounting of the antenna, an additional cavity with ferrite loading is attached to the bottom of the slot layer. Additionally, the slot termination is reengineered to enable recycling of the coupled power into the slot. The unidirectional LP antenna with the proposed cavity backing is prototyped and measured. The proposed antenna achieves VSWR below 3:1 from 0.5 to 5 GHz and below 2.5:1 from 0.64 to 5 GHz. The gain is higher than −2.9 dBi over 0.5 to 5 GHz (above 5 dBi from 1.5 GHz). Considerable improvement in gain and efficiency compared to a conventional ferrite-loaded cavity is demonstrated, while recycling option if exercised may further improve the system efficiency.