cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Photochemical Aging Alters Secondary Organic Aerosol Partitioning Behavior

Organic aerosol is the largest fraction of the atmospheric nonrefractory aerosol mass and has a significant impact on climate, visibility, and human health. A significant portion of organic aerosol is secondary organic aerosol (SOA), which forms when volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are oxidized and the reaction products partition to the particle phase. SOA formation and aging have been described using semivolatile partitioning theory, and a typical assumption invoked is that gas-particle partitioning rapidly reaches equilibrium. However, several studies have called into question whether traditional equilibrium assumptions are valid, either due to particle-phase diffusion limitations, particle-phase reactions, or liquid/liquid phase separation and immiscibility of organic phases. Here, we investigate the ability of equilibrium partitioning to describe laboratory SOA formation experiments using SOA mass and yield as the evaluation metric. We conduct two types of experiments: (1) co-condensation experiment...
A comparison of personality traits of superior skilled women athletes in basketball, bowling, field hockey, and golf.

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether there were specific personality traits associated with superior skilled women athletes. Women athletes in basketball (N = 66) were selected on the basis of placing first or second in the Amateur Athletic Union regional tournaments; field hockey players (N = 79) on the basis of placing first or second in the United States Field Hockey Association sectionals; and bowlers (N = 21) on the basis of placing first or second in the regionals of the Association of College Unions. Since golfers do not participate in sectional or regional tournaments, they were selected on the basis of participating in one of the National Women's Golf Association tournaments (N = 24). Analysis of variance involved a comparison of mean scores of the 18 variables of the California Psychological Inventory earned by the four groups. Results disclosed significant differences among the four groups on 12 variables at the .05 level. The basketball group scored significantly lower t...
Tranylcypromine: Its Pharmacology, Safety, and Efficacy

Tranylcypromine is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor that should be considered in patients with refractory depressive symptoms, particularly those with ECT-resistance or atypical features. This article...
Efficient seismic fragility functions through sequential selection

Abstract Fragility functions enable the assessment of a structural system for a given hazard scenario. Specifically, the fragility function provides the probability of an undesirable structural state conditioned on the occurrence of a specific hazard level. Multiple sources of uncertainty are present when estimating fragility functions, e.g., record-to-record variation, uncertain material and geometric properties, model assumptions, and limited data to characterize the hazard. The objective of this study is to develop a methodology that will accelerate the process of fragility function estimation under limitations in computational resources and data. The approach used in the methodology is as follows. The stochastic map between hazard level and structural response is first constructed using Bayesian inference for a finite number of simulations. The Bayesian approach enables the quantification of the epistemic uncertainty due to a limited number of simulations. This epistemic uncertainty is exploited to sequentially select subsequent simulations that accelerate learning based on up to two different earthquake intensity measures, peak ground velocity and spectral velocity. The methodology is applied to a benchmark model of a twenty-story nonlinear building. Simulations are performed using a set of synthetic ground motions obtained from scenario earthquakes in California. Through this case study the methodology developed here is demonstrated. Additionally, the case study highlights the ability of the methodology to achieve lower levels of epistemic uncertainty than traditional techniques using the same number of simulations. This approach is expected to enable more efficient fragility function determination.
Management of Acute Pancreatitis in Elderly

The United States population is aging at an alarming rate. It is projected that by 2030 every fifth American will be over the age of 65 years. This increases the stress and burden on the healthcare system as managing acute pathology in the background of multiple comorbidities and disabilities is much more challenging and costly. Pancreatitis is one of the leading causes of hospitalization related to GI track with more than 350,000 admissions per year in the United States. In US hospitals, the average length of stay with a principal diagnosis of pancreatitis is about 5–7 days, and mortality ranges from about 3% to as high as 15% depending on the severity of the disease (Peery et al. Gastroenterology. 156(1):254–272.e11, 2019). However, length of stay and related morbidity and mortality is significantly higher in elderly secondary to comorbidity burden and low resilience as compared to their younger counterparts. In this chapter, we will discuss management strategies and potential pitfalls that can be encountered in managing acute pancreatitis in the elderly population.
Janus Kinase 3 Deficiency Promotes Vascular Reendothelialization—Brief Report

Objective The objective of this study is to determine the role of JAK3 (Janus kinase 3) in reendothelialization after vascular injury. Methods and results By using mouse carotid artery wire injury and rat balloon injury model, we found that JAK3 regulates reendothelialization and endothelial cell proliferation after vascular injury. JAK3 and phospho-JAK3 levels were increased in neointimal smooth muscle cells in response to vascular injury in mice. JAK3 deficiency dramatically attenuated the injury-induced intimal hyperplasia in carotid arteries of both male and female mice. Importantly, JAK3 deficiency caused an increased rate of reendothelialization following mechanical injury. Likewise, knockdown of JAK3 in medial smooth muscle cells elicited an accelerated reendothelialization with reduced intimal hyperplasia following balloon injury in rat carotid arteries. Interestingly, knockdown of JAK3 restored the expression of smooth muscle cell contractile protein smooth muscle α-actin in injury-induced intimal smooth muscle cells while increased the proliferating endothelial cells in the intima area. Conclusions Our results demonstrate a novel role of JAK3 in the regeneration of endothelium after vascular injury, which may provide a new strategy to enhance reendothelialization while suppressing neointimal formation for effective vascular repair from injury.
Past and present drug treatments for glioblastoma

Abstract In the pre-Stupp era, BCNU and radiotherapy were standard of care in the United States. Standard treatment for GBM now includes maximal safe resection, followed by concurrent radiation and chemotherapy with TMZ, followed by TMZ alone. We review past and present drug treatments for GBM including TMZ, nitrosourea-based therapy, nonalkylating chemotherapy including bevacizumab, drugs targeting the tyrosine kinase pathway, and immunotherapies. There are several clinical trials currently ongoing, which will hopefully change the course of this dreaded disease in the coming years.
A comparison of FLAIR and T1 maps from MP2RAGE at 7T for quantifying lesion volume and its correlation to disability in multiple sclerosis (P5.2-026)

Objective: To investigate if MP2RAGE, which has advantages of inherent field inhomogeneity correction and excellent gray-white contrast, could be a better modality than FLAIR for robust lesion volume measurement and disability correlations. Background: Use of FLAIR scans to quantify multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion volume on 7T MRI has many downsides, including poor image homogeneity and artifacts that make it difficult for automated software to segment brain lesions. There is little data about the relative benefit of alternative modalities for identifying lesion volumes. Design/Methods: Forty-seven participants with MS underwent annual MRI on a 7T MRI scanner for a total of 80 scans (median 2 (range 1 – 3) per subject). Magnetization-prepared (MP)FLAIR and MP2RAGE images were acquired at 0.7mm3 resolution. White matter lesion masks were manually constructed from MPFLAIR and T1 maps (from MP2RAGE). Lesion volumes (normalized to intracranial volume) were compared to clinical characteristics and disability scales scores by Pearson or Spearman correlation, as appropriate. Relative correlation strength was compared by Fisher r to z transformation. Results: Lesion volumes between MPFLAIR and T1 maps were highly correlated (rho = 0.89, p Conclusions: 7T MPFLAIR and T1 map-based lesion volumes both correlate with disability, and thus either may be utilized for lesion masking. These results show that neither methodology is superior and further work is necessary to determine if T1 maps underestimate lesion volume or if MPFLAIR overestimates lesion volume. Disclosure: Dr. Spini has nothing to disclose. Dr. Choi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Harrison has received personal compensation for consulting, serving on a scientific advisory board, speaking, or other activities with EMD-Serono, Biogen, Genentech. Dr. Harrison has received research support from EMD-Serono, Genentech.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH—PATHOPHYSIOLOGY: Bicycle Riding and Erectile Dysfunction: An Increase in Interest (and Concern)

ABSTRACT Introduction From 1999 to 2004, there had been 21 publications from multiple medical specialties (sexual medicine, urology, neurology, cardiology, biomedical engineering, sports medicine, emergency medicine, and officials from the National Institute for Safety and Occupational Health) investigating the relationship between bicycle riding and erectile dysfunction (ED). In the previous 18 years, there have been 14 such studies. Aim The primary aim was to summarize accumulating data on the safety of bicycle riding based on medical evidence categorized by levels of evidence, including case reports, observational studies, case control studies, mechanistic studies, and population‐based epidemiologic investigations. The secondary aim was to address the concerns of bicyclists and propose measures to minimize the risk of ED associated with bicycle riding. Methods An English‐language medical literature review was made of publications in peer review journals from 1981 to 2004, including published abstract presentations at major medical meetings. Main Outcome Measure Ranked published epidemiologic data on bicycle riding and ED. Results Bicycle riding more than 3 hours per week was an independent relative risk (RR = 1.72) for moderate to severe ED. In case control studies, the prevalence of moderate to severe ED in bicyclists was 4.2% and 4% vs. age‐matched runners 1.1% ( P ≤ 0.018) and swimmers 2% ( P = 0.05), respectively. Therefore, bicycle riders should take precautionary measures to minimize the risk of ED associated with bicycle riding: change the bicycle saddle with a protruding nose to a noseless seat, change the posture to a more upright/reclining position, change the material of the saddle (GEL), and tilt the saddle/seat downwards. Conclusions. The mechanism is hypothetically related to the rider interaction with the bicycle saddle at the perineum–saddle interface. Straddling bicycle saddles with a nose extension is associated with suprasystolic perineal compression pressures, temporarily occluding penile perfusion and potentially inducing endothelial injury and vasculogenic ED. Huang V, Munarriz R, and Goldstein I. Bicycle riding and erectile dysfunction: An increase in interest (and concern). J Sex Med 2005;2:596–604.
Detecting deception through linguistic analysis

Tools to detect deceit from language use pose a promising avenue for increasing the ability to distinguish truthful transmissions, transcripts, intercepted messages, informant reports and the like from deceptive ones. This investigation presents preliminary tests of 16 linguistic features that can be automated to return assessments of the likely truthful or deceptiveness of a piece of text. Results from a mock theft experiment demonstrate that deceivers do utilize language differently than truth tellers and that combinations of cues can improve the ability to predict which texts may contain deception.
Altimeter Setting Indicator

The paper describes a new instrument, the Altimeter Setting Indicator, developed in the Instrument Division of the Weather Bureau under the direction of the author. The instrument is intended for installation at airports and is a special form of aneroid barometer in which the mechanism is so designed and the scale so graduated that the "altimeter setting number" is read directly. An adjustment is provided for adapting the instrument for use at airports at various elevations above sea level. The paper includes an analysis of the relation between barometric pressure and altimeter setting numbers. The old techniques of determining and making available altimeter setting information are compared with that made possible by the use of the Altimeter Setting Indicator.
Pennsylvania’s Clarifying Amendment for Declaratory Judgments

Sec. 6: Relief by declaratory judgment or decree may be granted in all civil cases where an actual controversy exists between contending parties, or where the court is satisfied that antagonistic claims are present between the parties involved which indicate imminent and inevitable litigation, or where in any such case the court is satisfied that a party asserts a legal relation, status, right, or privilege in which he has a concrete interest and that there is a challenge or denial of such asserted relation, status, right, or privilege by an adversary party who also has or asserts a concrete interest therein, and the court is satisfied also that a declaratory judgment or decree will serve to terminate the uncertainty or controversy giving rise to the proceeding. Where, however, a statute provides a special form of remedy for a specific type of case, that statutory remedy must be followed; but the mere fact that an actual or threatened controversy is susceptible of relief through a general common law remedy, or an equitable remedy, or an extraordinary legal remedy, whether such remedy is recognized or regulated by statute or not, shall not debar a party from the privilege of obtaining a declaratory judgment or decree in any case where the other essentials to such relief are present; but proceeding by declaratory judgment shall not be permitted in any case where a divorce or annulment of marriage is sought.2
Tetrabenazine in the treatment of Tourette syndrome

We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of tetrabenazine (TBZ) in patients with moderate to severe Tourette syndrome (TS). TBZ, a monoamine-depleting drug, has been previously reported to be effective in the treatment of hyperkinetic movement disorders such as Huntington disease and tardive dyskinesia. TBZ has the distinct advantage over neuroleptics in that it does not cause tardive dyskinesia. We describe a retrospective, open-label study of 77 TS patients (75.3% male), and 14.8 ± 17.4 years of age, treated with TBZ for an average of 2.0 years. TBZ showed a moderate to marked improvement in TS-related symptoms and functional improvement in 83.1% of patients. Adverse events included drowsiness/fatigue (36.4%), nausea (10.4%), depression (9.1%), insomnia (7.8%), and parkinsonism (6.5%). In this retrospective, open-label study, TBZ was found to be generally safe and well-tolerated in patients with TS.
Guide to Modeling the Interstellar Medium

We are in a period that is rich with data and ideas, but the collection of ideas is fundamentally incomplete, leaving us with no useful model for the general characteristics of the interstellar medium (Cox 1995). At the same time, we wrestle with tentative models at various levels, and concepts that such synthesis modeling must involve. In the list and commentary that comprise this paper I offer to future explorers what limited wisdom I can.
Separating and Completely Separating Systems and Linear Codes

In this correspondence, we present some more properties of separating systems (SS) and completely separating systems (CSS) from coding theory framework. First we derive the necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of vectors to be a SS or CSS. Then we show that in the case of linear codes, the necessary and sufficient conditions required for (1, 1) CSS are similar to that of (2, 1) SS and by deleting the 0 vector from a binary code that forms a (2, 1) SS, the set of remaining code words forms a (1, 1) CSS. Even though some linear codes form (2, 1) and (2, 2) SS, we prove here that no linear code forms a(2, 1) or a(2, 2) CSS.
Lowering Soil Temperatures Improves Creeping Bentgrass Growth under Heat Stress

High soil temperature is a major factor limiting growth of cool-season grasses. The objectives of this study with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis palustris Huds.) were to examine growth responses to lowering soil temperatures from the supraoptimal level under high air temperature conditions, and to determine the minimum reduction in soil temperature that could improve shoot and root growth. Two creeping bentgrass cultivars, L-93 and Penncross, were exposed to the following air and soil temperature regimes in growth chambers and water baths: (i) optimal air and soil temperatures (20/20°C, control); (ii) lowering soil temperature by 3, 6, and 11°C from 35°C at high air temperatures (35/32, 35/29, 35/24°C); and (iii) high air and soil temperatures (35/35°C). Soil temperature was reduced from 35°C by circulating cool water (18°C) in water baths at variable rates. Turf quality, leaf chlorophyll content, shoot growth rate, and root/shoot ratio (R/S) ratio increased as soil temperature was reduced from 35 to 32°C to a greater extent for Penncross than for L-93. Significant increases in tiller density, clipping yield, root number, and fresh weight were not observed until soil temperature was reduced to 29°C. When soil temperature was reduced to 24°C, turf quality, shoot growth rate, and R/S were maintained at the same levels as in the control regime. These results suggested that reducing soil temperature by 3°C or more is effective in improving turf quality and shoot and root growth of creeping bentgrass exposed to high air temperatures.
"Never events": Centers for medicare and medicaid services complications after radical cystectomy

Objective To describe “never event” (NE) complications after radical cystectomy. Materials and Methods The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services has denied reimbursement for 10 hospital-acquired conditions that were deemed “reasonably preventable.” These NEs do not take into consideration pre-existing risk factors that make patients more susceptible. Radical cystectomy is a complex surgery that is often necessary in a population with extensive comorbidities. In this setting, the application of an unmodified system to deny reimbursement of adverse outcomes could have a significant effect on healthcare delivery. We hypothesized that measurable patient and hospital characteristics could predict the occurrence of NE complications after radical cystectomy. Using the weighted Nationwide Inpatient Sample database, we identified 61,142 patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy from 2002 to 2009. The NE rates were calculated, and their effect on in-hospital mortality, length of stay, and total hospital costs were determined by multivariate regression analysis. Results The rate for any NE was 2.42%. Vascular-catheter infections (1.25%) were the most common. Black race and comorbidities increased the likelihood of a NE. The presence of any NE increased the average length of stay (by 15 days), total costs (by $37,000), and in-hospital mortality (8.0% vs 2.2%). Conclusion Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services NEs are more likely in older patients with comorbidities. NEs strongly predict for negative patient outcomes during hospitalization (length of stay, costs, in-hospital mortality). High-risk populations could benefit from risk adjustment before implementing a significant alteration in hospital or physician reimbursement policies.
A new method of convergence for solving reacting distillation problems.

A new correction factor (η) for reaction rate has been defined. It is analogous to θ for correcting molal flow rates in the multi-θ method of convergence. Then a new calculation method with two such kinds of the independent variables as θ and η has been developed for solving reacting distillation problems at the steady state and at the unsteady state. Convergence is obtained without difficulty in the case where vapor liquid equilibrium ratios may be formulated as a function of temperature only. However, in the case of calculations based on experimental data in the esterification systems, the values of Δη and Δη resulted from the Newton Raphson''s method have some time a large number. Therefore the correction method for these by use of arctangent function has been proposed in order to avoid divergence. This new calculation method is called "Multi θ-η method of convergence".
The Optical Tolerancing Of The Multi-Mirror Telescope

The multi-mirror telescope project is a joint undertaking of the University of Arizona and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. The telescope, to be located on Mt. Hopkins south of Tucson, Arizona, will be used primarily in the fields of infrared photometry and spectroscopy. Although methods for tolerancing optical systems, especially astronomical telescopes, exist, salient features of the Multi Mirror Telescope (NMT) force us to use a new approach to the tolerafting. Before we discuss these methods, a general description of the MMT is in order.
The Thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz and a Connection with Painlevé Equations

We summarize some recent connections between a class of nonlinear integral equations related to the thermodynamic Bethe Ansatz and a class of linear integral equations related to the Painleve equations.
Three autosomal dominant corneal dystrophies map to chromosome 5q.

The two most common autosomal dominant dystrophies of the corneal stroma are lattice corneal dystrophy type I and granular dystrophy. A third autosomal dominant stromal dystrophy (Avellino) has also been recognized. Chromosome linkage analysis of four families with Avellino dystrophy mapped the disease–causing gene to chromosome 5q. Subsequent linkage analysis of two families with typical lattice dystrophy and two with typical granular dystrophy also revealed significant linkage with the same markers. Thus, each of three clinically and histopathologically distinct phenotypes is independently linked to 5q. The maximum combined lod score using all 114 affected patients was 28.6 with marker D5S393. None of the 14 known human amyloid–associated genes map to chromosome 5.
Value of Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/Computed Tomography Patient Management and Outcomes in Thyroid Cancer

"Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/computed tomography (CT) is used most frequently in the surveillance of iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer with increased thyroglobulin level after therapy. This article evaluates the impact of FDG-PET/CT on clinical management and the prognostic implications of a positive scan. In the studies reviewed, FDG-PET/CT changed the course of management in 14% to 78% of patients with suspected recurrence, and a positive scan was associated with poorer survival. Similar conclusions are supported in the literature for anaplastic and medullary thyroid cancers, although these are based on fewer studies on account of the lower prevalence of these subtypes."
Assignment of the human TYRP (brown) locus to chromosome region 9p23 by nonradioactive in situ hybridization

The TYRP (brown) locus determines pigmentation and coat color in the mouse. The human homolog of the TYRP locus has been recently identified and shown to encode a 75-kDa transmembrane melanosomal glycoprotein called gp75. The gp75 glycoprotein is homologous to tyrosinase, an enzyme involved in the synthesis of melanin, forming a family of tyrosinase-related proteins. A genomic clone of human gp75 was used to map the human TYRP locus to chromosome 9, region 9p23, by nonradioactive fluorescent in situ hybridization. Specificity of hybridization was tested with a genomic fragment of human tyrosinase that mapped to a distinct site on 11q21. The 9p region has been reported to be nonrandomly altered in human melanoma, suggesting a role for the region near the TYRP locus in melanocyte transformation.
Large-scale patterns of seismicity before and after the 1886 South Carolina earthquake

Time-space patterns of seismicity with dimensions of several years and hundreds of kilometres can be identified in the southeastern United States from the available historic data. During the 15 yr preceding the 1886 earthquake, seismicity was low in South Carolina and high in the surrounding areas, forming a “doughnut” pattern. A protracted period of high seismicity followed the 1886 main shock. These “aftershocks” probably originated from a large area resembling the more recent South Carolina–Georgia seismic zone, rather than from the concentrated source in Charleston-Summerville, as indicated by available catalogues. These and other transient seismicity patterns in the southeastern United States suggest rapid and widespread stress changes and strain events which are mostly aseismic. Such events are not easily reconciled with an intraplate environment dominated by a low rate of overall strain, which, in the brittle part of Earth's crust, is produced by rare slip events on each of many scattered steeply dipping faults. They can, instead, be reconciled with movement on reactivated Appalachian low-angle thrusts or detachments of regional dimensions.
Prosodic font: translating speech into graphics

The proliferation of speech recognition as input to Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) systems opens up new possibilities for the design of typographic forms. Designers can use the musical expressiveness of the speaking voice to shape letterforms in real time. Letters formed by speech are more representative of the emotional and contextualized person speaking than are fonts now. Prosodic Font is an object-oriented font that assumes a dynamic, temporal form. It emulates the tonal and rhythmic motion in the speaking voice. Preliminary user testing results show that people are able to identify Prosodic Fonts as representative of particular prosodic variations.
Ultrasound calibration framework for the image-guided surgery toolkit (IGSTK)

Registration is a key technology in image-guided navigation systems. By aligning pre-operative images with the intra-operative setting these systems provide visual feedback that improves the physician's understanding of the spatial relationships between anatomical structures and surgical tools. Most often the alignment is obtained using fiducials. Another option is to replace the use of fiducials with intra-operative imaging. Two dimensional ultrasound (US) is a widely available intra-operative non-ionizing imaging modality. To utilize this modality for registration one must first perform spatial calibration of the US. In this work we describe the implementation of three spatial calibration methods as part of the image-guided surgery toolkit (IGSTK). The implementation follows the IGSTK calibration framework, separating algorithmic aspects from user interaction aspects of the calibration. Our calibration framework includes three methods. The first is a phantom-less method using a tracked pointer tool in addition to the tracked US, the second method uses a cross-wire phantom, and the third method is based on the use of a plane phantom.
Optimal climate change mitigation under long-term growth uncertainty: Stochastic integrated assessment and analytic findings

Abstract Economic growth over the coming centuries is one of the major determinants of today׳s optimal greenhouse gas mitigation policy. At the same time, long-run economic growth is highly uncertain. This paper is the first to evaluate optimal mitigation policy under long-term growth uncertainty in a stochastic integrated assessment model of climate change. The sign and magnitude of the impact depend on preference characteristics and on how damages scale with production. We explain the different mechanisms driving optimal mitigation under certain growth, under uncertain technological progress in the discounted expected utility model, and under uncertain technological progress in a more comprehensive asset pricing model based on Epstein–Zin–Weil preferences. In the latter framework, the dominating uncertainty impact has the opposite sign of a deterministic growth impact; the sign switch results from an endogenous pessimism weighting. All of our numeric scenarios use a DICE based assessment model and find a higher optimal carbon tax than the deterministic DICE base case calibration.
The Effect of Adding Lignin to Poly(Dimethyl Siloxane)—Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Blends

Abstract A new adhesive sealant with improved mechanical properties has been prepared by blending a sealant based on poly(dimethyl siloxane)-(PDS) with poly(vinyl chloride)-(PVC) and Kraft lignin (L). During this study, California redwood was used as substrate. Two commercial primers were also used to examine their effects on the adhesion of joints. By adding a small amount of L, the modulus of the sealant based on PDS + 10% PVC is improved. The application of primers to the wood substrate has significantly improved the adhesion of PDS, PDS + 10% PVC and PDS + 10% PVC + L polyblends. Improvement in adhesion increased the stress-strain values of the joints. Statistical inference of the experimental results are also discussed.
Detection of Platelet Antibody Using Rosette Technique with Anti‐IgG Antibody‐Coated Polyacrylamide Gel

Paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets from normal donors were used for detection of antibody to platelet by in vitro sensitization (indirect method) utilizing rabbit anti-human IgG heavy chain specific antibody-coated polyacrylamide gels (Immunobeads). The sensitized platelets formed rosettes with Immunobeads and the positive rosette count was over 30%, while control showed less than 8% when normal sera were used. This method was also applicable for detecting antibody-sensitized platelets in vivo (direct method) in patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenia. This method is simple, rapid and reproducible for clinical use. Direct and indirect immunofluorescent antibody tests and a blocking test with anti-human serum also supported the results of Immunobead rosetting technique.
Temperature Profiles of Air-Hydrogen Flames Measured by Two-line Atomic Fluorescence Method

Recently, a two-line atomic fluorescence method has been developed for the measurements of local flame temperatures of analytical flames and has been applied successfully to a variety of flames. Furthermore, it has been also demonstrated that the technique developed is very useful for the measurement of temperature profiles and atomic intensity profiles in the flames. The advantages of the optical alignment and detection system in atomic fluorescence spectrometry have been proved and utilized in these works. It should be stressed here that the benefits, which make it possible to measure local flame temperatures and local atomic intensity profiles, are important and desirable for the study of flame diagnostics and also for local sensing of chemical and physical phenomena or parameters in the analytical flames. Therefore, in this paper, the two-line atomic fluorescence method has been extended to the measurement of the full temperature profiles of air-hydrogen flames.
Molecular basis of type I (tryrosinase-related) oculocutaneous albinism: Mutations and polymorphisms of the human tyrosinase gene

Type I (tyrosinase related) oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) results from mutations of the tyrosinase gene on chromosome 11q that lead to reduced or absent melanin pigment synthesis. The phenotype of Type I OCA is broad, ranging from a total lack to only a moderate reduction of melanin, and the phenotypic variation is associated with different mutant alleles at the tyrosinase locus. A total of 36 mutations have been identified in Type I OCA including 24 missense, 4 nonsense, and 8 frameshift mutations. The majority of affected individuals have been compound heterozygotes with different maternal and paternal alleles. Six polymorphic sites for haplotype analysis have been identified in the tyrosinase gene including 2 in the promoter region, 2 in the coding region associated with alternative amino acids in the protein, and 2 RFLPs in the first intron. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Varus rotational femoral osteotomies in adults with hip dysplasia

Fifty-six hips in 48 consecutive patients operated on for congenital dysplasia of the hip during the years 1971 through 1986 were evaluated for an average follow-up period of nine years (range, two-21 years). Twenty-three percent of the patients were treated with revision to total hip arthroplasty by the time of follow-up examination. The average time before revision was 8.6 years. All but three of the remaining hips were rated good or excellent (72%). These patients tended to have minimal or no preoperative degenerative joint disease. Complications included one subtrochanteric fracture, two cases of loss of fixation, and one superficial wound infection. The authors conclude that the operation provides predictable, high-quality results in those patients with minimal or no degenerative changes preoperatively. In those patients with mild or moderate degenerative changes, it may forestall the onset of severe symptoms by several years.
The Tropical Mixed Layer and Cumulus Parameterization

Abstract A model of the convectively driven mixed layer is used to interpret BOMEX Phase III data. It is concluded that the compensating downdrafts and the moisture transports due to trade cumulus must be included explicitly in any theory of the dynamics of the tropical mixed layer.
Satellite observations of the circulation east of the Mississippi Delta: Cold-air outbreak conditions

Abstract Examination of 12 years of Landsat multispectral scanner images shows a recurrent pattern of westward flow immediately south of the Mississippi-Alabama barrier islands under northerly winds. Such flow patterns are also seen under similar conditions in imagery from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) of the NOAA-series satellites. The flow enters Chandeleur Sound between Ship Island and the northern end of the Chandeleur Islands. It appears to be driven by northerly winds, which force water south through the ChandeleurBreton Sound, drawing water in from the shelf region south of the Mississippi-Alabama barrier islands. These observations on circulation can be simply explained assuming linear dynamics. These two operational satellite systems are accumulating valuable records of coastal circulation patterns under clear-sky conditions.
Comparison of3H-para-aminoclonidine binding to different platelet preparations

The binding to human platelets of3H-para-aminoclonidine (3H-PAC), an alpha2 adrenoceptor partial agonist, appears to be altered in depressed patients. We observed that the parameters of3H-PAC binding to purified plasma membranes from platelets of normal Red Cross volunteers, compare favorably to those reported for binding to normal human autopsy prefrontal cortical lysates. However, only purified plasma membranes from platelets yielded a close comparison.3H-PAC binding tointact platelets from healthy volunteers was less than 10% displaceable by an alpha2 adrenoceptor antagonist and was therefore unquantifiable. A low percent of specific binding (approx. 35%) was also observed in washed plateletlysates, and the binding was not of very high affinity (KD>10 nM). In contrast, the binding of3H-PAC to platelet purifiedplasma membranes from healthy subjects displayed two high affinity binding sites (KD1=10.6 pM and KD2=1.2nM). These results are discussed in relation to our recent finding of elevated3H-PAC binding to platelet purified plasma membranes from depressed patients as compared to healthy subjects.
New developments in the diagnosis and investigation of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation disorders.

Since the discovery of muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase deficiency in 1973, a dozen separate defects of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation in man have been identified. With the exception of medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, which occurs with a frequency approaching 1: 10 000 among Caucasians of Northern European origin, the other defects are quite rare. Collectively, however, they are common causes of disease resembling Reye syndrome in early life, and some have a later and more chronic presentation with cardiomyopathy and skeletal muscle weakness. They also represent a small, but significant, proportion of cases of sudden and unexplained death within the first 2 years of life. Diagnosis of these disorders has become increasingly sophisticated, with the advent of new analytical technologies and an increased awareness of the appropriate clinical and laboratory investigations needed in order to evaluate potential defects of this pathway. The combination of provocative testing (e.g., carnitine loading, phenylpropionic acid loading, long-chain fat loading) and advanced analytical techniques for the measurement of blood and urinary metabolites (e.g., tandem fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry, stable isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) permits a specific diagnosis in the case of several, although not all, of the disorders of this pathway. Methods for the measurement of all of the enzymes of β-oxidation are now available to enhance this diagnostic capability. There remain, however, many patients in whom clinical and laboratory signs point to a defect in β-oxidation, but in whom no specific diagnosis has yet been made. Molecular studies have begun to elucidate the underlying defects in a few of these disorders, the most notable being the demonstration of a single, highly prevalent mutation which accounts for nearly 90% of the mutant alleles in patients with MCAD deficiency. The availability of molecular techniques now permits the development of new, perhaps more rapid, and perhaps cheaper methods for detection of some of these diseases in candidate populations. In the case of MCAD deficiency, they have also led to an increased understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of the disease.
Laplace Periodogram for Time Series Analysis

A new type of periodogram, called the Laplace periodogram, is derived by replacing least squares with least absolute deviations in the harmonic regression procedure that produces the ordinary periodogram of a time series. An asymptotic analysis reveals a connection between the Laplace periodogram and the zero-crossing spectrum. This relationship provides a theoretical justification for use of the Laplace periodogram as a nonparametric tool for analyzing the serial dependence of time series data. Superiority of the Laplace periodogram in handling heavy-tailed noise and nonlinear distortion is demonstrated by simulations. A real-data example shows its great effectiveness in analyzing heart rate variability in the presence of ectopic events and artifacts.
Interleukin-1 beta stimulates colony-stimulating factor-1 production in human term placenta.

The human placenta produces hematopoietic growth factors including colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). We have previously demonstrated Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) production by decidualized endometrium during pregnancy. Since IL-1 beta stimulates CSF-1 production in a variety of mesenchymal cell types including second trimester villous core mesenchymal cells, the present study was designed to determine if IL-1 beta could also regulate CSF-1 production in term placental explants in vitro. Placental villous explants from normal term placentas (n = 5) were cultured with or without recombinant human IL-1 beta. A dose response relationship between increased added IL-1 beta and increased CSF-1 production as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was observed with 1 ng/mL IL-1 beta being the lowest dose to significantly increase CSF-1 production (P < 0.01). In time course experiments, 10 ng/mL maximally induced CSF-1 messenger RNA expression 2.7 fold (P < 0.005) compared to controls at 8 h of culture ...
High-dispersion spectroscopic studies of Venus. I.

High dispersion spectroscopic studies of Venus, discussing spectrograms of one micron carbon dioxide bands, rotational temperatures and reflecting model of atmosphere
Adsorption and desorption behavior of n-butane and isobutane on Pt(111) and Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys

The adsorption/desorption behavior of n-butane and isobutane on Pt(111) and the p(2[times]2) Sn/Pr(111) and ([radical]3[times] [radical]3)R30[degrees] Sn/Pt(111) surface alloys has been examine using a combination of adsorption kinetics measurements utilizing a collimated molecular beam and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) mass spectroscopy. Initial sticking probabilities for both molecules on Pt(111) and the surface alloys at temperatures below the monolayer desorption threshold are essentially unity (S[sub 0] [>=] 0.95). The monolayer saturation coverages of n-butane and isobutane were also independent of the amount of Sn in the surface layer. The desorption activation energies measured by TPD for the monolayer states of both n-butane and isobutane progressively decrease by 5-8 kJ/mol compared to Pt(111) as the surface concentration of Sn increases from 0.25 to 0.33 atom fraction in the respective surface alloys. The decrease in the desorption activation energy scales linearly with the Sn concentration. No thermal decomposition of either molecule on any surface occurred during TPD measurements. Molecular interactions probed by adsorption and desorption of saturated C[sub 4] hydrocarbons are not influenced as strongly by the presence of Sn in the Pt(111) surface as previously observed for unsaturated molecules, such as ethylene and isobutylene. 30 refs., 9 figs.
Vibrational properties of Pu and Ga in a Pu-Ga alloy from neutron-resonance Doppler spectroscopy

We have determined some of the phonon spectral parameters for Pu and Ga in the {open_quotes}stabilized{close_quotes} {delta} phase (fcc) of the Pu-3.6thinspat.thinsp{percent}thinspGa alloy by measuring the Doppler broadening of neutron resonances as a function of temperature. We find the mean phonon energy (first moment of the phonon spectrum) of Pu to be {l_angle}h{nu}{r_angle}=8.22{plus_minus}0.12thinspmeV and the second moment to be {l_angle}(h{nu}){sup 2}{r_angle}=(7.2{plus_minus}0.3){times}10{sup {minus}5}thinspeV{sup 2}. These moments and the value of the ({minus}1)st moment determined from Debye-Waller factors from neutron powder diffraction are consistent with a Debye model with a Debye temperature of 127.2{plus_minus}1.7thinspK. For Ga in the Pu-Ga alloy, {l_angle}h{nu}{r_angle}=16.3{plus_minus}1.4thinspmeV, which is slightly larger than the m{sup 1/2}-weighted value of 15.3 meV expected from the value for Pu (however, the measured value cannot be distinguished from the latter value within experimental error). These results show that Pu-3.6thinspat.thinsp{percent}thinspGa behaves very much like a Debye solid at ambient pressures and low temperature and that the Ga impurity experiences approximately the same (or a slightly stiffer) force field compared with the Pu it replaces. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Consistent large-eddy simulation of a temporal mixing layer laden with evaporating drops : Part 1. Direct numerical simulation formulation and a priori analysis

Large-eddy simulation (LES) models are presented and evaluated on a database obtained from direct numerical simulation (DNS) of a three-dimensional temporal mixing layer with evaporating drops. The gas-phase equations are written in an Eulerian frame for two perfect gas species (carrier gas and vapour emanating from the drops), while the liquid-phase equations are written in a Lagrangian frame. The effect of drop evaporation on the gas phase is considered through mass, momentum and energy source terms. The DNS database consists of transitional states attained by layers with different initial Reynolds numbers and initial liquid-phase mass loadings. Budgets of the LES equations at the transitional states show that, for the mass loadings considered, the filtered source terms (FSTs) are smaller than the resolved inviscid terms and some subgrid scale (SGS) terms, but larger than the resolved viscous stress, heat flux and mass flux terms. The irreversible entropy production (i.e. the dissipation) expression for a two-phase flow with phase change is derived, showing that the dissipation contains contributions due to viscous stresses, heat and species-mass fluxes, and source terms. For both the DNS and filtered flow fields at transition, the two leading contributions are found to be the dissipation due to the energy source term and that due to the chemical potential of the mass source. Therefore, the modelling effort is focused on both the SGS fluxes and the FSTs in the LES equations. The FST models considered are applicable to LES in which the grid is coarser than the DNS grid and, consistently, ‘computational’ drops represent the DNS physical drops. Because the unfiltered flow field is required for the computation of the source terms, but would not be available in LES, it was approximated using the filtered flow field or the filtered flow field augmented by corrections based on the SGS variances. All of the FST models were found to overestimate DNS-field FSTs, with the relative error of modelling the unfiltered flow field compared to the error of using computational drops showing a complex dependence on filter width and number of computational drops. For modelling the SGS fluxes and (where possible) SGS variances, constant-coefficient Smagorinsky, gradient and scale-similarity models were assessed on the DNS database, and calibrated coefficients were statistically equivalent when computed on single-phase or two-phase flows. The gradient and scale-similarity models showed excellent correlation with the SGS quantities. An a posteriori study is proposed to evaluate the impact of the studied models on the flow-field development, so as to definitively assess their suitability for LES with evaporating drops.
Second cancers following non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma

The risk of second malignancies following non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) was estimated in 29,153 patients diagnosed with NHL between 1973 and 1987 in one of nine areas participating in the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Compared with the general population, NHL patients were at a significantly increased risk of developing second cancers (observed/expected [O/E] = 1.18; O = 1231). The O/E ratio increased significantly with time to reach 1.77 in 10-year survivors. Significant excesses were noted for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (O/E = 2.88), cancers of the bladder (O/E = 1.30), kidney (O/E = 1.47), and lung (O/E = 1.57), malignant melanoma (O/E = 2.44), and Hodgkin's disease (O/E = 4.16). Chemotherapy appeared related to subsequent acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and bladder cancer. Radiation therapy was associated with ANLL and possibly cancers of the lung, bladder, and bone. Malignant melanoma was not clearly related to initial NHL treatment.
Observed trends in the x-ray photoelectron and Auger spectra of high-temperature superconductors

X-ray photoelectron spectra and Auger-electron spectra are reported for ${\mathrm{La}}_{2}$Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ and Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ in the tetrahedral and orthorhombic crystal structures; they are compared to previously reported data for Cu, ${\mathrm{Cu}}_{2}$O, and CuO. These data reveal large electron-electron interaction effects. The magnitude of these interaction effects correlate with the transition temperatures of the superconducting oxides.