cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Competence and volunteering

Abstract Two experiments were designed to determine the effect of competence upon aiding behavior. It was hypothesized that competence, particularly that relevant to the aiding response, would increase the subjects' willingness to volunteer help. Competence was manipulated by indicating to the subjects that they were either physically fit (task-relevant response) or possessed creative ability (task-irrelevant). The dependent variable was the subject's volunteering to donate blood. Results in both studies supported the hypothesis that competence increases volunteering behavior although task relevance had no effect.
Thin layer chromatography and infra-red and ultra-violet spectra of fenthion and seven of its degradation products

Abstract Aqueous environmental contamination by fenthion has been reported. The disappearance of fenthion has been shown, but the environmental fate of its metabolites has not been considered. A simple and versatile thin layer chromatographic procedure for screening fenthion and its metabolites is presented. Confirmation of identity of the parent and its metabolites separated by chromatography is essential for the analysis of aqueous residues in order to delineate environmental fate. Infra-red spectra augmented by ultra-violet spectra for fenthion and seven of its metabolites is capable of elucidating the confirmatory identification. The characteristic infra-red absorption frequencies are tabulated. The regions of characteristic absorption for P=S, P=O 1 S → O, and O ← S → O are discussed. The ultra-violet spectra of fenthion, its sulfoxides, sulfones, and hydrolysis product have distinctively different ultra-violet wavelength maxima. Whereas microgram amounts of material are necessary for micro-infra-red analysis, nanogram amounts are needed for micro-ultra-violet analysis.
Preparing parents for their child's transfer from the PICU to the pediatric floor.

The experimental study described here was conducted to examine a nursing intervention intended to diminish the anxiety level of parents of children being transferred from a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) to a general pediatric floor. The convenience sample included 50 parents of patients in a PICU at a southeastern U.S. tertiary medical center. The sample was randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. All subjects' anxiety levels were measured using Spielberger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) 24 to 48 hours prior to the child's impending transfer. The experimental group subsequently was given a transfer-preparation letter along with a verbal explanation. Finally, both groups were retested using the STAI immediately prior to the child's transfer. After controlling for trait anxiety, the analysis of covariant results showed significantly lower anxiety levels among the subjects who received the transfer-preparation letter than among those who did not, F (1, 47) = 18.65, p
Managing Organizational Commitment: Insights from Longitudinal Research.

Abstract This article summarizes what is known about the active management of affective organizational commitment (AOC) through a review of 58 studies employing longitudinal research designs. The review yields six broad categories of antecedents that have empirically demonstrated effects on AOC: socialization practices, organizational changes, human resource practices, interpersonal relations, employee–organizational relations, and a residual “other” category. Insights from the review include (a) that perceptions of personal attachment to the organization are among the most substantiated (but tenuous) strategies for enhancing AOC, (b) that theorizing and research efforts have focused almost exclusively on achieving high levels of AOC, and (c) organizations have been reticent to address situations when AOC is low. Implications and recommendations for the theoretical, research and practical advancement of AOC are offered.
The Influence of Inequality, Responsibility and Justifiability on Reports of Group-Based Guilt for Ingroup Privilege

Although members of several social groups report feeling guilt because of their group’s actions, average reports of group-based guilt tend to be quite low. We investigate three antecedents of group-based guilt derived from research on social justice and interpersonal emotion. We find that Whites, men and women perceive inequality, responsibility and justifiability of group differences to the same extent. Moreover, each factor is a key antecedent of guilt for Whites, men and women. We also find an interaction between justifiability and responsibility such that reports of group-based guilt increase as perceptions of ingroup responsibility increase and justifications for group differences decrease. Given the beneficial consequences of group-based guilt for intergroup relations, it is important to understand what factors lead to group-based guilt.
Early results of infragenicular revascularization based solely on duplex arteriography

Abstract Purpose: Recent reports have both advocated and questioned the utility of duplex arteriography (DA) as the sole preoperative imaging modality for planning infragenicular revascularization. This study compares the outcome of patients with critical limb ischemia who underwent infragenicular vein grafts on the basis of DA alone versus conventional preoperative contrast arteriography (CA). Methods: The study group is composed of 23 consecutive patients who underwent infragenicular vein bypass grafting solely on the basis of preoperative DA from 1998 to 1999. They were compared with 50 consecutive patients who underwent infragenicular vein bypass grafting after CA from 1996 to 1998. Peak systolic velocity and end-diastolic velocity of potential target arteries were recorded during DA studies. In situ saphenous vein grafts were used preferentially, and technical adequacy of all grafts was assessed with completion duplex or arteriography. Results: DA and CA groups were comparable on the basis of age and risk factors. In one limb (4%), the target artery selected by DA was abandoned because of dense calcification. No other revision in target or inflow artery was required on the basis of intraoperative completion studies. At 1 year, primary graft patency (78% vs 70%, P = .72) and limb salvage (70% vs 81%, P = .21) were comparable between the two groups. In the DA group, mean preoperative target artery peak systolic velocity in patent versus failed grafts was 49 ± 18 cm/s versus 31 ± 9 cm/s ( P = .04), whereas mean end-diastolic velocity was 22 ± 7 cm/s versus 14 ± 8 cm/s ( P = .08). Conclusion: Infragenicular revascularization directed by DA alone provides early graft patency and limb salvage rates comparable to similar procedures that are based on CA. Preoperative DA target artery velocities may predict outcome and improve target selection. These initial results justify further clinical testing of DA as the primary imaging modality for planning infragenicular vein grafts. (J Vasc Surg 2001;33:1165-70.)
Fabrication of subwavelength periodic nanostructures using liquid immersion Lloyd’s mirror interference lithography

We have developed a liquid immersion Lloyd's mirror interference lithography system to fabricate subwavelength periodic nanostructures. In this approach, we construct the Lloyd's mirror interferometer within a liquid medium to increase the ambient index. The light wavelength is scaled by the refractive index of the immersion fluid, reducing the minimum interference pattern period and increasing the spatial resolution. The all-liquid system ensures continuous fluid contact with the sample without an external mechanism, allows rapid adjustment of pattern period with subwavelength resolution, and retains the passive vibration-correction capability of Lloyd's mirror interferometers. Using this approach, we have successfully fabricated a grating structure with 112 nm period using a laser with 325 nm wavelength, attaining a numerical aperture of 1.45. The proposed immersion strategy can be adapted to improve pattern resolution of more complex interference lithography systems.
Soluble epoxide hydrolase expression in a porcine model of arteriovenous graft stenosis and anti-inflammatory effects of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor

Synthetic arteriovenous (AV) grafts, placed between an artery and vein, are used for hemodialysis but often fail due to stenosis, typically at the vein-graft anastomosis. This study recorded T lymp...
Classification of visible point sources using hyperspectral chromotomosynthetic imagery

A hyperspectral chromotomosynthetic imaging (CTI) system is used to detect and classify a collection of 21 scattered, spectrally diverse point-like sources. The instrument operates in the visible to near IR (400 to 800 nm) and has the potential to collect spectral imagery at great than 10 Hz. A two-dimensional wideband spatial image of the target scene is used to detect and spatially characterize the targets leading to optimization of the three-dimensional (3-D) spatial/spectral reconstruction of the hyperspectral image cube. The instrument is assessed by directly comparing results to spatial data collected by a wideband image and hyperspectral data collected using a liquid crystal tunable filter (LCTF). Target classification using k -means clustering of observed spectra yielded 5 to 6 target classes for each methodology, indicating information obtained using CTI was similar to that collected by the LCTF. The wide-band spatial content of the scene reconstructed from the CTI data is of same or better quality in terms of background noise and target intensities as a single frame collected by the undispersed imaging system with projections taken at every 1 deg. Performance is dependent on the number of projections used, with projections at 5 deg producing adequate results in terms of target characterization. The CTI has 2 to 4 times the spectral resolution of the LCTF. The data collected by the CTI system can simultaneously provide spatial information of equal quality as a the bandpass imaging system, provide high-frame rate slitless one-dimensional spectra, and generate 3-D hyperspectral imagery which can be exploited to provide the same results as a traditional multiband spectral imaging system.
Putting the ‘epi’ into epigenetics research in psychiatry

During the past two decades, research concerned with the aetiology of psychopathology has generally progressed along two separate paths: investigations that have characterised the roles played by environmental determinants such as childhood adversity in the development of psychopathology, and those that have focused on neurobiological processes involving genetic and intracellular pathways. Epigenetic modifications, functionally relevant changes to gene expression that do not reflect changes in gene sequence, may explain how environmental exposures 'get under the skin' to modify the expression of genes and produce phenotypic variability. The potential of epigenetic research to unify two disparate strands of inquiry has contributed to substantial, and growing, interest in epigenetics in mental health research. However, there are several challenges with which investigators must contend in studies considering the role of epigenetic modifications in psychopathology. These include the development of causal models in study design, considerations about sample size and generalisability, and robust measurement of epigenetic modification. We employ an epidemiological lens to discuss these challenges and to provide recommendations for future studies in this area.
On-chip single crystal diamond resonators

We present a fabrication method for diamond based resonators. Optical characterization of a diamond ring resonator on quartz substrate reveals cavity modes both in the telecom and the visible wavelength regime having with Q-factors ∼8000.
Measuring and accounting for the intensity of nursing care: is it worthwhile?

In June 2007, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation sponsored a conference titled “The Economics of Nursing: Paying for Quality Nursing Care.” The second topic at the conference was “the appropriateness and feasibility of measuring and accounting for the intensity of nursing care.” Drs. Welton and Sermeus presented papers on that topic. This response to those papers focuses on why the hospital industry has not always accounted for and measured nursing intensity. Then it asks, “Why do we want more accurate information about nursing resources used by different patients?” It is not sufficient to say the data regarding nursing costs are not accurate. Nor is it sufficient to say that we now can improve the accuracy of the data. To move forward in this area, we need to develop compelling evidence and arguments that indicate that nursing-cost data of greater accuracy have a benefit that will exceed the costs of that data collection.
Optical design for page access to volume optical media.

4F lens designs are optimized for parallel access to volume holographic memories. Aberrations, diffraction, and component tolerancing are considered for their impact on parallelism, crystal information density, and overall system storage density. We find that a parallelism of ≥105 bits per page and a crystal information density of ≈2 Mbits/mm3 are achievable with standard optical elements and that advanced designs offer significant improvements. Crystal surface tolerance measurements show that a diffraction-limited performance is achievable over apertures of 7.1 mm for LiNbO3 and 1.5 mm for KNSBN(60). Lens-tolerancing simulations show that lens decenter degrades peak parallelism and peak crystal information density. Anew nonconfocal 4F system design with improved performance is presented.
Enhanced Enzymatic Activity through Photoreversible Conformational Changes

The interaction of a light-responsive surfactant with lysozyme at pH 5.0 has been investigated as a means to control protein structure and enzymatic activity with light illumination. The cationic azobenzene surfactant undergoes a reversible photoisomerization upon exposure to the appropriate wavelength of light, with the visible-light (trans) form being more hydrophobic and, thus, inducing a greater degree of protein unfolding than the UV-light (cis) form. Conformational changes as a function of photoresponsive surfactant concentration and light illumination were measured through shape-reconstruction analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data. The SANS-based in vitro structures indicate that lysozyme transitions from a nativelike structure at low surfactant concentration to a partially unfolded conformation at higher surfactant concentrations under visible light illumination, while UV-light illumination causes the protein to refold to a near-native structure. Protein swelling occurs principall...
Ectopic pregnancy rates with frozen compared with fresh blastocyst transfer

Objective To compare the rate of ectopic pregnancy (EP) with fresh versus frozen blastocyst transfer in our program during the same time period. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting University IVF program. Patient(s) Women who achieved a clinical pregnancy after IVF between 1998 and 2005. Intervention(s) In our program, cryopreservation is performed at the blastocyst stage. Embryo transfer was performed 1 to 1.5 cm short of the fundus by abdominal ultrasound guidance. Main Outcome Measure(s) The incidence of EP was examined in relation to fresh versus frozen blastocyst transfer. Result(s) In the frozen blastocyst group, there were 5 EPs out of 180 clinical pregnancies (2.8%), and there were 10 EPs out of 564 clinical pregnancies (1.8%) in the fresh blastocyst group. Conclusion(s) The rate of EP is not significantly increased after the transfer of frozen thawed blastocysts compared with fresh blastocyst transfer.
Designing Systolic Algorithms Using Sequential Machines

We present a tool that is useful in the design and analysis of systolic systems. Specifically, we give characterizations of systolic arrays in terms of (single processor) sequential machines which are easier to program and to analyze. We give several examples to illustrate the utility of the design tool. In particular, we show how systolic designs for such problems as integer bitwise multiplication, dynamic programming, and language recognition can easily be derived using the characterizations. We also present some new results concerning the properties and computational power of systolic arrays which can be obtained using the characterizations.
Complementing Defective Viruses That Express Separate Paramyxovirus Glycoproteins Provide a New Vaccine Vector Approach

Replication-defective vaccine vectors based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) lacking its envelope glycoprotein gene (G) are highly effective in animal models. However, such G vectors are difficult to grow because they require complementation with the VSV G protein. In addition, the complementing G protein induces neutralizing antibodies in animals and thus limits multiple vector applications. In the process of generating an experimental Nipah virus (a paramyxovirus) vaccine, we generated two defective VSVG vectors, each expressing one of the two Nipah virus (NiV) glycoproteins (G and F) that are both required for virus entry to host cells. These replication-defective VSV vectors were effective at generating NiV neutralizing antibody in mice. Most interestingly, we found that these two defective viruses could be grown together and passaged in tissue culture cells in the absence of VSV G complementation. This mixture of complementing defective viruses was also highly effective at generating NiV neutralizing antibody in animals. This novel approach to growing and producing a vaccine from two defective viruses could be generally applicable to vaccine production for other paramyxoviruses or for other viruses where the expression of at least two different proteins is required for viral entry. Such an approach minimizes biosafety concerns that could apply to single, replicationcompetent VSV recombinants expressing all proteins required for infection. Live-attenuated, recombinant viruses expressing proteins of other viruses can be highly effective vaccine vectors. However, obtaining regulatory approval to use live recombinant viruses as human vaccines is tedious because of concerns about potential pathogenicity. Live-attenuated, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) has been used extensively as an experimental vaccine vector for the past 11 years (5, 15, 18, 27, 29, 32). These vectors are grown easily to high titers and stimulate potent cellular and humoral immunity, but obtaining final U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval for use in clinical trials has been slow. Concerns about potential VSV pathogenicity can be minimized through the use of defective viruses lacking the VSV G gene (G) that are grown in complementing cell lines expressing the VSV G protein. Although these defective vectors have been just as effective as live-attenuated recombinants in preclinical trials (26), production using complementing cell lines is a major limitation (36). We describe here a new approach for growing such defective recombinants using a complementing pair of VSVG recombinants, each expressing one of the two glycoproteins that are both required for the entry of Nipah virus (NiV), an emerging zoonotic virus in the paramyxovirus family. NiV has caused fatal encephalitis in humans in massive outbreaks in Malaysia, Singapore, Bangladesh, and India in recent years (3, 8). These outbreaks, apparently initiating from a bat reservoir (4), involved extensive geographical spread in a
Designing Tasks For Math Modeling In College Algebra: A Critical Review

Over the last decade, the pedagogical approach known as mathematical modeling has received increased interest in college algebra classes in the United States. Math modeling assignments ask students to develop their own problem-solving tools to address non-routine, realistic scenarios. The open-ended quality of modeling activities creates dilemmas for teachers who design the assignments and convey grading expectations to students. This article provides a critical review of our own approach to task design for modeling as well as the extensive contributions in the United Kingdom (UK) and elsewhere in Europe dating from the 1980s and 1990s. Each approach attends differently to several competing needs: modeling as a process, modeling competencies, and developing clarity in academic writing. These resources provide substantial support for instructors of college algebra and other early undergraduate mathematics classes in the U.S. who may be embarking for the first time on task design and grading in a modeling framework.
Programmable image associative memory using an optical disk and a photorefractive crystal

The optical disk is a computer-addressable binary storage medium with very high capacity. More than 1010 bits of information can be recorded on a 12-cm-diameter optical disk. The natural two-dimensional format of the data recorded on an optical disk makes this medium particularly attractive for the storage of images and holograms, while parallel access provides a convenient mechanism through which such data may be retrieved. In this paper we discuss a closed-loop optical associative memory based on the optical disk. This system incorporates image correlation, using photorefractive media to compute the best association in a shift-invariant fashion. When presented with a partial or noisy version of one of the images stored on the optical disk, the optical system evolves to a stable state in which those stored images that best match the input are temporally locked in the loop.
Stability of pressure-dependent, thermally-induced displacive transformations in bi-atomic crystals

An important property of some metallic alloys, such as NiTi, for technological applications is their coupled thermomechanical shape memory behavior. This is due to temperature-dependent first-order displacive (martensitic) transformations in which their crystal structures transform between a higher symmetry cubic phase and lower symmetry phases (rhombohedral, tetragonal, orthorhombic, or monoclinic). In a recent paper, Elliott et al. (J. Mech. Phys. Solids, in press) proposed a nano-mechanical model based on temperature-dependent atomic potentials to explicitly construct an energy density W ðF; hÞ to find all the different equilibrium paths and their stability of a stress-free bi-atomic perfect crystal as a function of temperature. In this work we investigate the influence of hydrostatic pressure. In general, hydrostatic compression increases the critical temperatures on the principal branches. For the same absolute value, hydrostatic tension is found to have a more pronounced effect on the equilibrium paths than hydrostatic compression. 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Uterine Smooth Muscle Tumors in Potbellied Pigs (Sus scrofa) Resemble Human Fibroids: A Potential Animal Model

Uterine leiomyomas, commonly termed fibroids, clinically affect approximately 25% of women of reproductive age in the United States, with a subclinical incidence as high as 77%. The pathogenesis of fibroid formation remains poorly understood, due in large part to the lack of a suitable animal model. This retrospective study characterizes the clinical, gross, and histopathologic features of similar, spontaneously occurring uterine tumors in potbellied pigs. Medical records available through a local Potbellied Pig Spay/Neuter Program, pig sanctuaries, and the Duchess Fund database were reviewed for evidence of reproductive disease or surgery. One-hundred and six female potbellied pigs were evaluated and uterine neoplasia was identified in 17 animals; tissues were available for 13 of these. Uterine leiomyoma was diagnosed in 11 of 13 cases, leiomyosarcoma in 1 of 13 cases, and undifferentiated sarcoma in 1 case. Pigs presented with clinical signs including abdominal distension or vaginal bleeding or were subclinical and identified during ovariohysterectomy. Tumors ranged from microscopic to 45 kg, were often multiple, and primarily involved the uterine horns. Hematoxylin and eosin and trichrome-stained sections were evaluated for morphological features of human and animal leiomyomas; immunohistochemistry to detect smooth muscle actin was also performed. The cellular pattern/morphology and variable degree of fibroplasia of the leiomyomas were similar to that reported for human fibroids. These results support further investigation of uterine leiomyomas in potbellied pigs as a potentially valuable animal model for studying human fibroids.
MIMO/OFDM convex optimization applications

Convex optimization techniques are widely used in the design and analysis of variety of problems especially in communications and signal processing. Many communication problems can either be defined as or be converted into convex optimization problems. Convex optimization makes the analysis and numerical solutions much easier. In this paper, a convex optimization survey is presented. It introduces the recent progress in convex optimization algorithms which are used in digital communications and signal processing applications. The goal of this paper is to give an overview of basic concepts of convex sets, functions and convex optimization problems. Hence, engineering problems using modern convex optimization can be recognized and formulated. Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) problems are discussed in more details. As a proposed work, a special problem is discussed. Formulation of this problem as a convex problem and its solution is proposed.
The link between metabolic syndrome and nephrolithiasis: a white whale for understanding urinary stone disease

The incidence of nephrolithiasis has risen steadily over recent decades, as has the rates of the metabolic syndrome. Several factors have contributed to this, including the increased incidence of obesity; more than 30% of Americans have a body mass index (BMI) >30. The etiologies for both are complex and multifactorial, but a consistently demonstrable relationship does exist between the two. Patients with either affliction are prone to the other, with the highest incidence of stones found in those with several factors leading to the metabolic syndrome (1). Furthermore, several of the disease process (hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, or dyslipidemia) related to the metabolic syndrome each are associated with an increased risk of nephrolithiasis. The reason for this is unclear, and likely goes beyond just poor dietary factors leading to serum and urine chemistries ideal for renal calculus formation. No underlying mechanism has yet been identified correlating these processes to one another. Continued basic and translational research is needed to understand how these diseases are linked. While a growing body of epidemiologic data supports these associations, they only serve to highlight the importance of further research to truly understand the underlying mechanisms driving these links. As translational research continues to expand in the field of nephrolithiasis, newly generated knowledge will fill the gaps brought to light by these epidemiologic data.
How Religious are American Women and Men? Gender Differences and Similarities

Are women universally more religious than men? Some research on gender differences has argued that biology leads women to be innately more religious than men, but other research has highlighted the importance of avoiding universal claims and recognizing complexity. This brief note uses General Social Survey data to report gender differences in predicted religiosity by religious category across eight measures. In the United States, gender differences seem to be primarily a Christian phenomenon. Although women reveal higher levels of religiosity across Christian groups, this trend does not extend to non-Christian groups. Furthermore, there is variation even among Christian groups, with women not revealing higher levels of religiosity for all measures. Nevertheless, there does seem to be a general trend for women to report daily prayer more often than men. These findings further problematize the idea that there are innate gender differences in religiosity rooted in biology, and provide a descriptive foundation for future attempts to explain why (American) Christian groups reveal gender differences in religiosity.
Effect of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment on Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence: A Meta-Analysis

Abstract Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the cumulative effect of treatment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) on atrial fibrillation (AF) recurrence. Background OSA is a known predictor for onset and recurrence of AF. The effect of treatment with CPAP on AF recurrence has been evaluated in small studies with varied outcomes. Methods We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane Trials Register for relevant studies. Evaluation of AF recurrence in CPAP users and nonusers in patients with OSA was the primary outcome evaluated in this study. The secondary outcome was evaluation of AF recurrence in CPAP users and nonusers after pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). Results Seven prospective cohort studies with a total of 1,087 patients met the inclusion criteria. Across all patient groups, the use of CPAP was associated with a significant reduction in AF recurrence (relative risk: 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.51 to 0.67; heterogeneity chi-square p = 0.91, I 2 = 0%). The beneficial effect of CPAP use was statistically significant in both groups of patients: those who underwent catheter ablation with PVI and those who did not undergo ablation and were managed medically. No other study covariates had any significant association with these outcomes of AF reduction. Conclusions The use of CPAP is associated with significant reduction in recurrence of AF in patients with OSA. This effect remains consistent and similar across patient populations irrespective of whether they undergo PVI.
Here Today, Gone Tomorrow? Investigating Rates and Patterns of Financial Aid Renewal Among College Freshmen

College affordability continues to be a top concern among prospective students, their families, and policy makers. Prior work has demonstrated that a significant share of prospective students forgo financial aid because they did not complete the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA); recent federal policy efforts have focused on supporting students and their families to successfully file the FAFSA. Despite the fact that students must refile the FAFSA every year to maintain their aid eligibility, there are many fewer efforts to help college students renew their financial aid each year. While prior research has documented the positive effect of financial aid on persistence, we are not aware of previous studies that have documented the rate at which freshman year financial aid recipients successfully refile the FAFSA, particularly students who are in good academic standing and appear well-poised to succeed in college. The goal of our paper is to address this gap in the literature by documenting the rates and patterns of FAFSA renewal. Using the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, we find that roughly 16 % of freshmen Pell Grant recipients in good academic standing do not refile a FAFSA for their sophomore year. Even among Pell Grant recipients in good academic standing who return for sophomore year, nearly 10 % do not refile a FAFSA. Consequently, we estimate that these non-refilers are forfeiting $3,550 in federal student aid that they would have received upon successful FAFSA refiling. Failure to refile a FAFSA is strongly associated with students dropping out later in college and not earning a degree within six years. These results suggest that interventions designed to increase FAFSA refiling may be an effective way to improve college persistence for low-income students.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Channel Orientation and Flow Oscillations on Critical Heat Flux

Limited studies reported in the literature show that oscillatory flows can reduce critical heat flux (CHF) in boiling channels. In this study the effect of oscillatory flow on the CHF in a rectangular channel is investigated. Oscillation amplitude, average mass flux, and gravity vector orientation were systematically varied in this low-pressure, low-flow study using PF-5060 as the test liquid. The tests were conducted on a test section with a 2 x 2 cm 2 cross sectional area and a Hastelloy B-2 ribbon heater mounted flush on one side. The ribbon was 0.406 mm thick and 28.0 cm in length, and was heated using DC power. Oscillations in flow were created by sending a sine wave control signal to a proportional control, solenoid valve. The experiments show that CHF decreases when oscillations are introduced into the flow for vertical upflow (90°) and horizontal flow with the heater surface facing up (0°). CHF values decreased with increasing liquid subcooling, and were nearly insensitive to oscillations at low liquid subcoolings. For horizontal flow, with the heater facing down (180°), CHF was found to be enhanced by the flow oscillations, when the liquid was near saturation temperature.
High Temperature Ultrasonic Inspection of Pressure Vessels and Piping Systems

Corrosion is one of the petrochemical industry’s leading causes of equipment failure, repair, and replacement. Pressure vessels and piping systems and are subject to various attack mechanisms at elevated temperature, which if undetected can reduce their reliability. This can result in various safety issues, unscheduled shutdowns and catastrophic failures. Detecting corrosion and identifying corrosion rates while equipment is on-stream can assist Engineers and operational personnel in managing Plant shutdowns by forecasting equipment life and scheduling repairs and replacement. This paper describes the equipment and procedure to inspect pressure vessels and piping systems at elevated temperatures up to 385°C.© 2006 ASME
Molecular Dynamics Studies of Diamondlike Amorphous Carbon

First principles molecular dynamics methods are used to construct supercells for diamondlike Amorphous carbon, to study its properties, and to compare and contrast it with a-Si. As with recent lab fabricated material, these supercells contain no hydrogen. Several structural models are introduced and the topological, electronic, and vibrational properties are discussed. In particular, in spite of the presence of 3-fold coordinated sites and no hydrogenation, we have obtained a supercell sample that has a gap of about 2.5 eV containing no defect states. To our knowledge, ours is the only theoretical work that agrees with recent experiments in this respect. We explore the nature of defects in the Amorphous network and, in particular, the atomistic origin of the clean gap in unhydrogenated C but not in unhydrogenated Si.
Visual identification of the cystic duct-CBD junction during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (visual cholangiography): An additional step for prevention of CBD injuries

Despite advances in technical skills, common bile duct (CBD) injury during laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not an uncommon major complication. We describe a technical step that can be taken during the dissection of the triangle of Calot to allow the junction between the cystic duct and CBD to be clearly visualized. This is a safe and simple maneuver that mimics the one done in open surgery. Its routine application serves as an additional safety measure to prevent injury to the common bile duct.
319 PEDIATRIC OUTPATIENT PRESCRIPTION AUDIT AND FEEDBACK IN A RESIDENCY TRAINING PROGRAM.

Purpose To assess compliance with a hospital prescribing policy and to evaluate the impact of provider feedback within a residency training program. Methods Following distribution of the hospital medication prescribing policy, pediatric and med/peds residents were randomly assigned to control versus intervention groups. All outpatient prescriptions written by housestaff and filled in the hospital pharmacy were reviewed by a pharmacist in a blinded manner for the presence of patient weight, age, and allergies, desired mg/kg dosing, mg dose for liquid medications, “do not use” abbreviations, and volume given in cc. A 2-month baseline review period provided data for resident feedback reports (intervention) indicating the individual9s performance and benchmarks for each measure. Monitoring was then continued for the subsequent 3 months. Results For the 50 pediatric and 15 med/peds residents, there was no difference in baseline performance between intervention versus control residents. Using analysis of covariance, in tervention residents improved on two measures (better recording of patient weight and less use of “do not use” abbreviations). Conclusions Simple distribution of the prescribing policy resulting in suboptimal prescribing behaviors on outpatient prescriptions. Intervention residents improved on selected measures after receiving performance feedback for prescribing practices.
Joegoldsteinite: A new sulfide mineral (MnCr2S4) from the Social Circle IVA iron meteorite

Joegoldsteinite, a new sulfide mineral of end-member formula MnCr_2S_4, was discovered in the Social Circle IVA iron meteorite. It is a thiospinel, the Mn analog of daubreelite (Fe^(2+)Cr_2S_4), and a new member of the linnaeite group. Tiny grains of joegoldsteinite were also identified in the Indarch EH4 enstatite chondrite. The chemical composition of the Social Circle sample determined by electron microprobe is (wt%) S 44.3, Cr 36.2, Mn 15.8, Fe 4.5, Ni 0.09, Cu 0.08, total 101.0, giving rise to an empirical formula of (Mn_(0.82)Fe_(0.23))Cr_(1.99)S_(3.95). The crystal structure, determined by electron backscattered diffraction, is a Fd3m spinel-type structure with a = 10.11 A, V = 1033.4 A^3, and Z = 8.
Analysis on disease constituent of hospitalized army men on different levels in 2009

[Objective] To study the disease constituent of hospitalized army men on different levels,analyze its law,provide the basis for rational allocation of medical resources and development of scientific disease prevention measures.[Methods] The hospitalized army men(18-97 years old) were divided into five groups: soldiers,regimental officers,division officers,corps officers and retired cadres.The disease spectrum and constituent ratio of five groups were analyzed respectively.[Results] The disease spectrums of hospitalized division officers,corps officers and retired cadres were similar,which were mainly chronic non-communicable diseases.The disease spectrum of soldiers was obviously different from that of division officers,corps officers and retired cadres,which some common diseases ranked in the first places.The disease spectrum of regimental officers was similar to that of soldiers,but the cholelithiasis and cholecystitis,cardiovascular diseases,hypertension and bronchitis,diabetes mellitus and cerebrovascular disease ranked ahead.The disease spectrums of soldiers and regimental officers were dispersed,and disease spectrums of division officers,corps officers and retired cadres were comparatively concentrated.[Conclusion] The disease constituents of hospitalized army men on different levels are different,so it is suggested to develop disease control measures and health intervention measures according to different populations.
Analysis on Impulse Grounding Resistance Characteristics of Transmission Line Tower Grounding Electrode

In order to study the impulse characteristics of transmission line tower grounding electrodes under lightning currents,the impulse characteristics of grounding electrodes under impulse currents are simulated by CDEGS software.The impulse characteristics of the single horizontal grounding electrode and four improved grounding electrodes are analyzed,the influence law of different grounding electrode size and different soil resistivity on impulse grounding resistance is discussed.The influence law of grounding electrode length and radius on impulse grounding resistance of horizontal grounding electrode is obtained,the impulse grounding resistance decrease with the increase of the grounding electrode length,but tend to be a constant value;and the impulse grounding resistance characteristics of vertical grounding electrodes on four improved grounding electrodes are also obtained,a reference is provided for using proper method to decrease the impulse grounding resistance in practical project application.
System Structure of Smart Hydropower Plants

According to the system structure of smart hydropower plants,the intelligent construction such as:the integrated software and hardware basic platform for hydropower plants,the unified field monitored control bus technology,the intelligent decision support technology,etc.are proposed.The smart hydropower plants' planning is divided into plant-station level intellectualization and river basin hydropower dispatching intellectualization level.They are mutual interrelated,but have different emphasis points respectively.Through the modernization it can greatly promote power production management level,reasonably allocate water resource in the basin,and realize safe and economical operation of reservoir and units.In the meantime,it can also offer a strong support for large-scale intermittent new energy source construction,which may play a big role on energy saving and reducing dissipation of carbon dioxide.
The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy in patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention with drug-eluting stents

Background: The optimal duration of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) following drugeluting stent (DES) implantation remains a subject of an ongoing debate. Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and CENTRAL databases were searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared short-term (￡ 6 months) DAPT with long-term (≥ 12 months) DAPT following DES implantation. The primary endpoint was a composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), stroke, or major bleeding. The secondary outcome were the individual components of the primary outcome, cardiovascular death, stent thrombosis and any bleeding episode. Results: A total of 15,378 patients from 7 RCTs were studied. There were no statistically significant differences between the short-term and long-term DAPT groups with respect to the occurrence of the primary outcome (risk ratio [RR] 1.017; 0.872–1.186; I2 = 0%), all cause death (RR 0.896; 0.708–1.134), cardiovascular death (RR 0.924; 0.668–1.279), MI (RR 1.139; 0.887–1.461), TVR (RR 1.174; 0.916–1.505), stent thrombosis (RR 1.264; 0.786–2.032), and stroke (RR 0.876; 0.685–1.611). However, there was a statistically significant lower risk of major bleeding in the short-term DAPT group (RR 0.57; 0.36–0.90; p = 0.02). There were no statistically significant differences in the sub-group analysis of patients with diabetes and patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome, RR 1.029; 0.745–1.421 and RR 1.062; 0.785–1.438, respectively. Conclusions: There was no difference in efficacy outcomes between short-term and long-term DAPT following DES, even among high-risk patients. However, longer duration of DAPT was found to be associated with increased risk of major bleeding.
Repression and Resistance: 1973–90

The policy of excluding the left from public life in Chile extended to the universities, which, while by no means dominated by the left, had been a vibrant source of leftist political thought and activity since the University Reform movement in 1967. Under the military regime, the social sciences suffered massive expulsions of students and dismissals of professors, with the notable exception of the orthodox or ‘neoliberal’ schools of economics associated with the Chicago Boys.
A beginner’s guide to Pickett’s spcat/spfit

Abstract Two of the most powerful and versatile high resolution spectroscopic predicting and fitting programs are spcat/spfit first presented by Herbert Pickett in 1991 and refined, expanded, and updated by Herb until his retirement from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in 2008. With versatility, unfortunately, comes complexity. The purpose of this paper is to present for the beginning spectroscopist (or the seasoned spectroscopist unfamiliar with these programs) a simple introduction to spcat/spfit . I will not be presenting the most powerful and sophisticated uses of these programs. I leave that for future articles, not necessarily by me. This paper outlines the file structures of the input and output files of the programs and a simple tutorial on how to run the programs. Simple examples are worked out, supported by a website containing the files and notes on more complex uses of the program.
Exploiting dark information resources to create new value added services to study Earth science phenomena

This paper presents two research applications exploiting unused metadata resources in novel ways to aid data discovery and exploration capabilities. The results based on the experiments are encouraging and each application has the potential to serve as a useful standalone component or service in a data system.
Nanodiscs in Membrane Biochemistry and Biophysics

Membrane proteins play a most important part in metabolism, signaling, cell motility, transport, development, and many other biochemical and biophysical processes which constitute fundamentals of life on the molecular level. Detailed understanding of these processes is necessary for the progress of life sciences and biomedical applications. Nanodiscs provide a new and powerful tool for a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical studies of membrane proteins and are commonly acknowledged as an optimal membrane mimetic system that provides control over size, composition, and specific functional modifications on the nanometer scale. In this review we attempted to combine a comprehensive list of various applications of nanodisc technology with systematic analysis of the most attractive features of this system and advantages provided by nanodiscs for structural and mechanistic studies of membrane proteins.
TEM combined with AlxGa1−xAs As marker layers as a technique for the study of GaAs MBE growth

Abstract Transmission electron microscopy of cross-sectioned specimens combined with Al x Ga 1 - x As marker layers can be used to monitor growth by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) of GaAs thin films. A similar method could be used to study growth morphology of any other film provided that very small mismatch marker layers are available. This technique has the potential for quantitative assessment of surface diffusion during thin film deposition.
Human LACC1 increases innate receptor-induced responses and a LACC1 disease-risk variant modulates these outcomes

Functional consequences for most inflammatory disease-associated loci are incompletely defined, including in the LACC1 (C13orf31) region. Here we show that human peripheral and intestinal myeloid-derived cells express laccase domain-containing 1 (LACC1); LACC1 is expressed in both the cytoplasm and mitochondria. Upon NOD2 stimulation of human macrophages, LACC1 associates with the NOD2-signalling complex, and is critical for optimal NOD2-induced signalling, mitochondrial ROS (mtROS) production, cytokine secretion and bacterial clearance. LACC1 constitutively associates with succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) subunit A, and amplifies pattern recognition receptor (PRR)-induced SDH activity, an important contributor to mtROS production. Relative to LACC1 Ile254, cells transfected with Crohn’s disease-risk LACC1 Val254 or LACC1 with mutations of the nearby histidines (249,250) have reduced PRR-induced outcomes. Relative to LACC1 Ile254 carriers, Val254 disease-risk carrier macrophages demonstrate decreased PRR-induced mtROS, signalling, cytokine secretion and bacterial clearance. Therefore, LACC1 is critical for amplifying PRR-induced outcomes, an effect that is attenuated by the LACC1 disease-risk variant. LACC1 genetic variants are associated with Crohn's disease, leprosy and arthritis. Here the authors show that LACC1 is needed for optimal innate receptor-induced signalling, mitochondrial ROS production and microbial clearance, effects that are reduced by a Crohn's disease-risk variant in LACC1.