cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isolated Metastasis to the Brain From Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Abstract Isolated brain metastasis from cancers of urothelial origin are rare, especially after a long recurrence-free interval with few reports in the literature. We herein present the case of a 62 year old male with history of recurrent bladder cancers treated in 2004 and 2005 and a left distal ureteral high grade pT3aN1M0 urothelial cancer treated with distal ureterectomy and reimplant followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in 2014 who presented after a 5 year recurrence-free interval with tonic-clonic seizure. Further workup revealed an isolated 12.0 mm x 18.0 mm x 8.0 mm mass overlying the left parietal lobe with no other metastatic sites. The patient was treated with resection of the mass and adjuvant radiation therapy with pathology confirming metastatic carcinoma of urothelial origin. Though prognosis for patients with such a presentation remains poor, we provide a review of the current literature with respect to incidence, presentation and therapeutic considerations for such patients.
MMP-14 as a noninvasive marker for PET and NIRF imaging of glioblastoma multiforme

1033 Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a rapidly proliferating and invasive cancer originating from the glial cells of the brain. GBMs are diffuse, with indistinct tumor margins leading to incomplete surgical resection and subsequent recurrence. Matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP-14) is an enzyme that degrades the extracellular matrix. MMP-14 is highly expressed in GBM, and is involved in the invasion of the cancerous cells into the surrounding tissue. The primary treatment for GBM is surgery, with an increasing percentage of the tumor removed correlating to improved survival of the patient. However, current imaging of GBM pre-surgery is difficult to translate during surgery due to shift in the tissue. Combinatorial imaging of MMP-14 pre-surgery with PET, and intra-operatively with near infrared fluorescence (NIRF) would allow for improved surgical resection of the tumor. We have developed peptides to bind MMP-14, which are suitable for both PET and NIRF imaging. Methods: Several peptide constructs were developed and used for imaging in mice bearing orthotopic patient derived xenograft GBMs. Construct 1 exhibited binding affinity to MMP-14, construct 2 was a substrate for MMP-14, and construct 3 was a combination of 1 and 2. Constructs 1 and 3 were labeled with 68Ga or 64Cu and used for PET imaging. Constructs 2 and 3 were fluorescent and were used for NIRF imaging. Results: Immunohistochemistry showed the presence of MMP-14 in the tumor areas, which was co-localized with fluorescence signal from probes 2 and 3. Radiolabeled probes 1 and 3 showed accumulation in the tumor, which could be significantly reduced with the addition of non-labeled blocking peptides (p
Weighing an Optically Trapped Microsphere in Thermal Equilibrium with Air

We compare three methods for weighing a silica microsphere optically trapped in air. The first is based on spectral analysis. The second and third leverage the equipartition theorem, are 10-times faster, and exhibit comparable uncertainties.
The Late-Nahda Style of Mahmoud al-Masadi

This paper considers a fictional work from Tunisias preeminent prose writer and intellectual of the last century, the Paris-educated labor organizer, anti-imperialist, and Minister of Education, Ma?mud al-Masadi, and his 1973 ?addatha Abu Hurayra qal (Thus Spoke Abu Hurayra ). Situated within the context of Masadis own historicization of the na?da as a movement for the renewal of humanism, this paper explores the texts critical consideration of the roles of textual and ritual traditions in the production of literature, religion, and philosophy both during and after colonialism. Partly written and serialized between 1939-1944 in a Tunisian literary journal, the complete work was not published until 1973, initially rejected by publishers and self-censored by the author for decades in fear of vilification from religious elites. This controversial publication history is testament to the insurrectionary energy of the work, which, with its Sufi aesthetic and historical themes, non-realist modes, and mythical settings, parodies rigid traditionalist precepts concerning turath and Islamic orthodoxy. This paper argues that ?addatha Abu Hurayra qal through profane engagements with sacred elements of Islamic traditions, forms, and aestheticsenacts modes of poiesis that signal a break with historical uses of tradition while also maintaining continuity to Arab-Islamic cultural and humanistic genealogies. At a further remove, ?addatha Abu Hurayra qal troubles any stable binary between religious and secular thought, appropriating religious symbols and forms while reflexively pointing to the worldly basis of all religious experience.
OPENING THE SUBURBS TO RACIAL INTEGRATION: LESSONS FOR THE 21ST CENTURY

* Professor of Law, Indiana University School of Law-Indianapolis. This article is an elaboration of my speech at the Conference on Increasing Afford­ able Housing and Regional Housing Opportunity in Three New England States and New Jersey, held on December 10, 1999, at the Western New England College School of Law. This article, like the speech, is dedicated to the memory of my revered and cher­ ished colleague, David Brady Bryson, Esq. (1941-1999), an inspiring champion of hous­ ing justice who long was the mainstay and lodestar of the National Housing Law Project and of legal services housing advocates and clients throughout the United States. I am grateful to Professors Sharon Perlman Krefetz and John M. Payne for com­ ments on an earlier draft of this article; to Mr. Eric Larson, of the Montgomery County, Maryland Housing Opportunities Commission, for important information; to Victoria A. Deak and Paul Jefferson for research assistance; to Richard Humphrey, Referencel Collection Management Librarian, and Beverly Bryant, Interlibrary Loan Librarian, at the Indiana University School of Law Indianapolis Library, for superb reference work; to Mary R. Deer for invaluable aid on this and many other projects; and to the staff of the Western New England Law Review for careful and thorough editing. Any errors are of course my responsibility. I hope that readers will call to my attention any mis­ takes of fact or judgment they perceive in this Article. 1. Sermon by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. at the Mason Temple in Memphis, Tenn. (Apr. 3, 1968), I See The Promised Land, in A TESTAMENT OF HOPE: THE ESSEN­ TIAL WRITINGS OF MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. 279, 285 (James Melvin Washington ed., 1986). 2. Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke, 438 U.S. 265, 407 (1978) (Blackmun, J., concurring). 3. While residential segregation is a problem for minorities other than African­ Americans, this Article focuses on African-Americans because segregation is most se­ vere and widespread for them, and because many studies report only on black-white
Organizational simulation in support of global manufacturing enterprises

In the past several decades, manufacturing has begun the process of transforming from a production firm centric enterprise into one in which a lead firm engages multiple partner and supplier firms in a networked enterprise to produce complex systems and products. Inherent in this transformation is the notion of global manufacturing as a socio-technical enterprise, co-emphasizing socio-interaction among firms with the more traditional technical focus on meeting production quotas, minimizing costs and maximizing profits. This chapter presents the methodology of organizational simulation as applied to the study and analysis of global manufacturing. Computer simulation has a rich history of application in analyzing the behavior and performance of manufacturing systems from a technical perspective, focusing on such concepts as forecasted product demand, production capacities and lead times, transportation capacities and lead times, inventory locations and levels, and production schedules, as well uncertainties associated with these factors. This perspective fails to consider socio-behaviors associated with firms and their interactions. Organizational simulation is a new paradigm whereby technical process modeling and social behavior modeling are combined to represent the behavior and predict the performance of the socio-technical enterprise. It has been applied in military acquisition, product design and health care. This chapter presents its application in global manufacturing enterprises, particularly to the issues of stakeholder alignment during change, alignment of stakeholder expectations and allocation of limited shared resources.
Growth of benthic freshwater algae on dairy manures

A potential alternative to land application of livestock manures for cropproduction is the production of algae to recover the nitrogen andphosphorus present in the manure. Compared to terrestrial plants,filamentous algae have exceedingly high growth and nutrient uptake rates. Moreover, they are capable of year-round growth in temperate climates,can be harvested on adapted farm-scale equipment, and yield a biomassthat should be valuable as an animal feed supplement. The objective of thisresearch was to evaluate algal turf scrubber (ATS) technology to removenitrogen, phosphorus and chemical oxygen demand from raw andanaerobically digested dairy manure. Laboratory-scale ATS units wereoperated by continuously recycling wastewater and adding manure effluentsdaily. ATS units were seeded with algal consortia from a nearby streamand grown using dairy manures from two different dairy farms. Algalbiomass was harvested weekly and dried prior to analysis for total Kjeldahlnitrogen, total phosphorus, and inorganic constituents. Wastewater sampleswere analyzed for total Kjeldahl nitrogen, ammonium, nitrate,orthophosphate, conductivity and chemical oxygen demand. Using atypical manure input containing 0.6–0.96 g total nitrogen day-1,the dried algal yield was approximately 5 g m-2 day-1. Thedried algae contained approximately 1.5–2% phosphorus and 5–7%nitrogen. Algal nitrogen and phosphorus accounted for 42–100% ofinput ammonium-nitrogen (33–42% of total nitrogen) and 58–100%of input total phosphorus, respectively.
Structural Views, Structural Evolution, and Product Families

Product families are united by common abstractions. When common abstractions can be directly translated into common implementation design elements and software components, reengineering and reuse are facilitated. But direct translation is often limited, however, by exigencies of performance, packaging, and product evolution. The result is an introduction of code-level sacrifices in commonality in which abstraction boundaries are reconfigured, inter-component communication patterns are tangled, and components are specialized and tailored. The consequences of these code-level sacrifices in commonality can be significant, since work is shifted from leveraged common design elements to a diversity of product-specific realizations. While this diversity may offer specific advantages in performance or packaging, it also can negate the potential leverage of reengineering and reuse at the product-line level.
Socrates in the schools from Scotland to Texas: Replicating a study on the effects of a Philosophy for Children program

In this article we report the findings of a randomised control clinical trial that assessed the impact of a Philosophy for Children program and replicated a previous study conducted in Scotland by Topping and Trickey. A Cognitive Abilities Test (CAT in the UK or CogAT in the USA) was administered as a pretest and a posttest to randomly selected experimental groups (N = 363, 186 seventh graders + 177 eighth graders) and control groups (N = 177, 79 seventh graders + 98 eighth graders). The students in the experimental group engaged in philosophy lessons in a setting of structured, collaborative inquiry in their language arts classes for one hour per week for a number of weeks. The control group received the standard language arts curriculum in that one hour. The study found that the seventh grade students who had experienced the P4C program showed significant gains relative to those in the seventh grade control group at a high level of statistical significance, but the eighth grade students in the experimental group did not show such gains over the eighth grade control group. It was discovered that the seventh grade teachers started the program early in the school year and continued it for a period of 22 to 26 weeks, while the eighth grade teachers started much later and used the program for only 4 to 10 weeks. Our findings suggest that the P4C program must involve students in activities for a significant period of time before the program shows results, but that a meaningful impact on students’ cognitive abilities can be achieved in about 24 weeks of lessons, less than half the time evidenced by the study by Topping and Trickey.
Separable domains define target cell specificities of an RTX hemolysin from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae.

Abstract The leukotoxin (LktA) from Pasteurella haemolytica and the hemolysin (AppA) from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are members of a highly conserved family of cytolytic proteins produced by gram-negative bacteria. Despite the extensive homology between these gene products, LktA is specific for ruminant leukocytes while AppA, like other hemolysins, lyses erythrocytes and a variety of nucleated cells, including ruminant leukocytes. Both proteins require activation facilitated by the product of an accessory repeat toxin (RTX) C gene for optimal biological activity. We have constructed six genes encoding hybrid toxins by recombining domains of ltkA and appA and have examined the target cell specificities of the resulting hybrid proteins. Our results indicate that the leukocytic potential of AppA, like that of LktA, maps to the C-terminal half of the protein and is physically separable from the region specifying erythrocyte lysis. As a consequence, we were able to construct an RTX toxin capable of lysing erythrocytes but not leukocytes. The specificity of one hybrid was found to be dependent upon the RTX C gene used for activation. With appC activation, this hybrid toxin lysed both erythrocytes and leukocytes, while lktC activation produced a toxin which could attack only leukocytes. This is the first demonstration that the specificity of an RTX toxin can be determined by the process of C-mediated activation.
s-bar {s} Separation during Hadronization of a Quark-Gluon Plasma

We present the equilibrium phase diagram for hadronic and quark matter containing strange particles and show quantitatively that at finite baryon density hadronization of quark-gluon plasma proceeds through a mixed phase in which -quarks hadronize first (as K+ and K0 mesons) and s-quarks get enriched in the plasma subphase.
Attitudes Toward the Use of Animals in Psychological Research and Education: Results From a National Survey of Psychology Majors

This article reports the results of a national survey in which psychology majors were asked about the use of animals in psychological research and teaching In general, the attitudes of psychology majors closely resembled the attitudes of practicing psychologists Students tended to (a) support animal experiments involving observation or confinement, but disapprove of studies involving pain or death, (b) support mandatory pain assessments and the federal protection of rats, mice, pigeons, and reptiles, and (c) support the use of animals in teaching, but oppose an animal laboratory requirement for the psychology major Opposition to the use of animals was greatest among women, among students at selective schools, and among students living in the Northeast/Mid-Atlantic region of the country
A determination of the seismic velocity structure of sediments using both sources and receiver near the ocean floor

A trial experiment proves the power and practicality of using both sources and receivers near the ocean floor to make precise measurements of deep (∼6000 m) ocean sediment velocity structure. A digitally recording ocean bottom hydrophone receiver operating at a sampling rate of 1800 Hz recorded clear arrivals with bubble pulse frequencies of ∼500 Hz from 41b. explosive charges detonated at depths of 5500m along a 4 km long wide angle reflection profile. It is shown that corrections for changes in source depth may be computed without approximation and without prior knowledge of the velocity structure. The experiment was located at longitude 56° W in the trough of the Kane Fracture Zone. The velocity structure of the 1 km thick sedimentary section reveals a 310 m thickness of 3 km s−1 material overlying igneous basement.
Comparative diagnostic value of phenyla‐lanine challenge and phenylalanine hydroxylase activity in phenylketonuria

Serum phenylalanine (phe) concentrations during and following phe challenges and liver phenylalanine hydroxylase (PH) activity were compared in 13 phenylketonuric (PKU) patients. These patients were separated into two groups: eight patients with no detectable PH activity (PH degrees) and five patients with residual PH activity (PH-) ranging from 9 to 24% of the activity obtained in 10 non-PKU subjects. The rise in serum phe concentration during 3 days of oral loading did not differentiate the two groups. However, the difference in serum phe concentration of the PH degrees and PH- groups reached statistical significance at 24 h postloading (p less than 0.01). We concluded that combined results from multiple measurements during the oral challenge, namely serum phe concentration after termination of loading, serum phe clearance rate, post-loading phe tolerance index and urinary metabolite excretion, make a better indicator for predicting residual PH activity for the majority of PKU subjects than peak phe concentrations during phe challenge.
Comparison of biochemical progression rates after radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer

Comparison of biochemical progression rates after radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer
The therapeutic relationship in behavior therapy

Abstract The therapeutic relationship in behavioral treatments has, for the most part, been ignored in the literature. The present review traces the history of attention to the relationship by behavioral writers and critically examines the results of the empirical evidence to date concerning the role these factors play in treatment outcome. The article concludes that relationship variables do interact with techniques to effect outcome. Further empirical investigation is needed to provide specific information for guiding the intra-therapy behaviors of clinicians. Implications for the training of behavior therapists are discussed. Suggestions for research avenues are offered.
Glass transition and dynamic-mobility spectrum of an isotropic system of rodlike molecules.

A self-consistent mean-field theory of the glass transition is presented for the model of a high-density isotropic melt of rodlike molecules, which was originally proposed by Edwards and Evans [J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 2 78, 113 (1982)]. In this model, translation along the rod axis is the only mode available, but the diffusional motion of a given rod (hereafter called the test rod) is hindered by end-on collisions with the lateral surfaces of other rods that lie in its diffusion path. The basis of this treatment is the mean-field Green-function theory developed in our previous contribution for one-dimensional diffusion in the presence of many reflecting barriers [Phys. Rev. A 45, 5426 (1992)]. A self-consistency requirement for the dynamics of the test rod and of the barrier rods leads to an asymptotic decrease to zero in the long-time diffusion constant, i.e., a glass transition, as the density of the barrier rods exceeds a critical value. The glass transition is manifested in a divergence of the lifetime \ensuremath{\tau} of the barrier in a power-law (T-${\mathit{T}}_{1}$${)}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}2}$ relation as the temperature T approaches a glass-transition temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{1}$ from above if a linear thermal contraction is assumed in the mobile phase. At a higher temperature, \ensuremath{\tau} follows Arrhenius behavior. A relaxation is observed in the dynamic-mobility spectrum of rod translation with a change in the profile between the mobile and the glassy phases. We also investigate the complex modulus of the melt and find a spectral distribution similar to that for the shear modulus obtained by reptation theory for entangled linear-chain polymers.
A computational fluid dynamics approach to wind prospecting: Lessons from the U.S. Appalachian region

Abstract A number of technological, institutional and market developments have lowered the minimally economic viable wind speeds for wind power generation while contributing to increasing profitability of the wind power industry in recent decades. Yet, information on the potential for wind power generation is still highly uncertain in many regions of the globe, particularly those with complex terrain features. We focus on an area by the foothills of the Appalachian region. Because we do not have precise wind measurements for this area, we do not attempt to produce an actual wind map, but instead use a three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model to demonstrate the calculation of high resolution wind speeds with complex terrain information. Using this approach, we show how finer wind speed information can impact the status of an overlooked region in terms of its wind potential and improve wind prospecting by enabling investors to focus on the most promising sub-regions of a study area. Since private sector investors might not have the incentive to invest in finer-scale wind resource assessment that can be easily observed by competitors, public sector incentives or direct investments can help to promote wind power generation in overlooked but viable regions.
How red mangrove seedlings stand up

The establishment of Rhizophoracean mangroves usually involves a transition from a horizontal to vertical orientation. Neither how this occurs nor the possible associated ecological benefits and costs have previously been considered. The “righting” of red mangrove (Rhizophora mangle L.) propagules was studied using frequent observation and time lapse photography under growth chamber and greenhouse conditions. Rates of leaf appearance were analyzed as functions of substrate, propagule placement, propagule orientation and salinity. Propagule righting progressed in four phases. First, propagules alternately elevated and relaxed in a diurnal cycle. Next, propagules developed upward curvature, centered approximately two-thirds of the way between the base and tip; curvature developed and relaxed in 24 h cycles. Third, the distal portion straightened and a second center of curvature developed at the base, elevating the whole propagule. Finally, the epicotyl swelled, the stem elongated and leaves unfolded. If bases were in contact with the substrate, initial orientation had no effect on leaf opening. However, propagules without that contact experienced delays throughout the cycle. The delays were longer, initially, at higher salinity. R. mangle propagules are both physiologically and phenotypically highly flexible. This improves their chances of successful establishment in a heterogeneous, unpredictable, and often, high energy environment.
Identification of proteolytic cleavage sites by quantitative proteomics.

The identification of natural substrates and their cleavage sites is pivotal to defining proteolytic pathways. Here we report a novel strategy for the identification of the signature of proteolytic...
POST-VOID RESIDUAL URINE VOLUME IN WOMEN WITH OVERACTIVE BLADDER SYMPTOMS

ABSTRACT Purpose: Most patients with overactive bladder symptoms initially present to their primary care provider for treatment. It is currently recommended that post-void residual urine (PVR) should be measured during the assessment of women complaining of overactive bladder symptoms and anticholinergic medication should be used if PVR is low. However, many primary care providers are reluctant to measure PVR and, therefore, they may delay treatment or even inappropriately treat patients who have a high PVR. We identified clinical factors that are associated with increased PVR that could be used to select which patients are at risk for this. Materials and Methods: The charts of women presenting to our clinic with complaints of urinary frequency, urgency and/or urge incontinence were retrospectively reviewed. Patient demographics, physical examination and PVR were analyzed to determine if any factor was associated with increased PVR (100 ml or greater). Results: The charts of 201 patients with complete data were reviewed. Patient age was 20 to 90 years (mean 55). Overall 19% of patients were found to have elevated PVR. Univariate analysis identified that older age, prior incontinence surgery, history of multiple sclerosis, greater American Urological Association Symptom Score, vaginal parity greater than 2, greater pad use and stage 2 or greater vaginal prolapse were associated with elevated PVR. Multivariate analysis identified age older than 55 years, prior incontinence surgery, a history of multiple sclerosis and vaginal prolapse stage 2 or greater as independent predictors of elevated PVR. Conclusions: It is possible to identify patients with overactive bladder symptoms who are at risk for elevated PVR based on history and physical examination. This could result in fewer patients needing PVR measurement prior to initiating treatment.
Comment on “Forest and floods: A new paradigm sheds light on age-old controversies” by Younes Alila et al.

[1] The paper by Alila et al. [2009, hereafter referred to as AKSH] presents a technique for analyzing altered peak flow frequencies after logging. The paper suggests that the established method of chronologically pairing peak flows by corresponding hydrologic input at control and treated watersheds is inappropriate, leading to irrelevant research hypotheses and impeding scientific progress. In general, we agree that analyses of changes in flood frequency are useful for evaluating the effects of watershed disturbance, and that simple regression models often provide inadequate descriptions of posttreatment peak flow responses. However, the proposed method and accompanying discussion have several problems that undercut the strength of the paper’s conclusions: [2] 1. The recovery adjustment used by the method augments the effect the analysis is attempting to detect. [3] 2. Even in the absence of impacts, the frequency distribution of observed peaks is expected to have greater variance than that of predicted peaks, thereby introducing an artificial shift when comparing upper quantiles of observed and expected frequency distributions. [4] 3. A more appropriate analysis of uncertainty is needed if the utility of the method is to be validly assessed. [5] 4. Frequency pairing does not overcome the problem of low power in testing for changes in very large events prior to forest regrowth. [6] 5. The relative merits of alternative statistical approaches are mischaracterized.
The Raman scattering of actinide (VI) ions in carbonate media

Raman scattering of actinide (VI) ions from carbonate media were obtained. Results indicate bidentate complexation of carbonate and linear geometry for the AnO2+2 ions. The trend of the frequency position of the v1 vibration in AnO2+2 ions is U > Np > Pu > Am in both acid and basic solutions, with higher frequencies occurring in acid media.
Non-planar diagrams in the large N limit of U(N) and SU(N) lattice gauge theories

Abstract It is shown that the limit as N → ∞ with g2N fixed of the strong coupling expansion for the vacuum expectation values of a U(N) or SU(N) lattice gauge theory is not given by a sum of planar diagrams. This contradicts a result claimed by De Wit and 't Hooft.
Fluid secretion rates from mouse and rat parotid glands are markedly different following pilocarpine stimulation.

Abstract 1. 1. Parotid saliva production in two commonly employed laboratory animals, mouse and rat, was studied following pilocarpine stimulation. 2. 2. When normalized to body wt, average parotid saliva output rates in mice were 3–4-fold greater than those observed in rats. When parotid salivary flow rates were normalized to gland weight, mice still displayed 2–3-fold higher values than rats. 3. 3. The Na + and K + content of parotid saliva showed small differences between the two species, while saliva from rats contained 3-fold higher protein levels than observed with mice.
Plasmodium falciparum: antimalarial activity in culture of sinefungin and other methylation inhibitors.

Abstract A culture line of Plasmodium falciparum (FCR-3/Gambia) was exposed in vitro for a 2-day period to several analogs of adenosylhomocysteine. Minimal concentrations giving complete inhibition of growth were 0.2 m M for 3-deazaadenosine, 0.2 m M for 5′-deoxy-5′-(isobutylthio)-3-deazaadenosine, and 0.3 μM for sinefungin. The effects of the first two of these compounds were potentiated by homocysteine-thiolactone, suggesting that they were inhibiting methylation reaction(s) indirectly via adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (EC 3.3.1.1).
Removal and reinsertion of cemented femoral components during acetabular revision.

Abstract A retrospective review examined all patients who underwent removal and reinsertion of a cemented femoral component during isolated acetabular revision by one surgeon since 1981. All components were reinserted into the original, intact cement mantle. Forty-two hips with 2- to 10-year follow-up periods were reviewed. Average follow-up period since revision was 67 months. Average follow-up period since index procedure was 191 months. Average Harris hip score increased from 61 before surgery to 90 at follow-up examination. Two femurs are definitely loose by Harris criteria, but both are asymptomatic. One solidly fixed femoral component was revised because of joint instability. Two hips have postrevision cement fractures. One patient has mild thigh pain. In vitro testing of eight cadaver hips showed no increase in rotational micromotion following removal and reinsertion. It is concluded that this technique aids in isolated acetabular revision surgery by avoiding the complications of trochanteric osteotomy and femoral revision, improving acetabular exposure, and decreasing operative time with minimal risk of disrupting femoral component fixation.
What community living problems do persons with schizophrenia report during periods of stability

PURPOSE. This article describes problems reported by persons with schizophrenia while stable. DESIGN AND METHODS. This descriptive study followed 12 outpatients with at least 6 months without psychiatric hospitalization for 3 months in the community. FINDINGS. The most frequently reported problems were missed appointments and loneliness. Anxiety was the most commonly reported psychiatric symptom. No participant reported any psychotic symptoms, but participants reported conflict at home. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS. Medication- and appointment-adherence monitoring are ongoing priorities, as are the provision of interventions designed to support adherence. Stable persons with schizophrenia are poised to garner maximum benefit from support like family education and social skills training.
Effects of volatile fatty acids on propionate metabolism and gluconeogenesis in caprine hepatocytes.

Abstract Isolated caprine hepatocytes were incubated with fatty acids of various chain lengths. Short-chain fatty acids effects on rates of gluconeogenesis and oxidation from [2- 14 C]propionate were determined. Additions of glucose (2.5m M ) had no effect on hepatic [2- 14 C]propionate metabolism in the presence and absence of amino acids. A complete mixture of amino acids increased label incorporation from [2- 14 C]propionate into [ 14 C]glucose by 22%. Butyrate inhibited [2- 14 C]propionate metabolism and increased the apparent Michaelis constant for [2- 14 C]propionate incorporation into [ 14 C]glucose from 2.4±1.5 to 5.6±.9m M . Butyrate's effects on propionate were similar in the presence and absence of L-carnitine (1m M ). Isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, and valerate (1.25m M ) had no effect on [ 14 C]glucose production but decreased 14 CO 2 production to 57, 61, and 54% of the control [2- 14 C]propionate (1.25m M ). This inhibition on 14 CO 2 production was not competitive. Isovalerate had no effect on either [2- 14 C] propionate incorporation into glucose or CO 2 . An increase in ratio of [ 14 C]glucose to 14 CO 2 from [2- 14 C]propionate demonstrated that short-chain fatty acids other than butyrate do not inhibit gluconeogenesis from propionate. In addition, fatty acids that generate a net synthesis of intracellular oxaloacetate may partition propionate carbons toward gluconeogenic rather than oxidative pathways in goat hepatocytes.
Synthesis and anticonvulsant activities of (R)-N-(4′-substituted) benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamides

The structure-activity relationship (SAR) for the N-benzyl group in the clinical antiepileptic agent (R)-lacosamide [(R)-N-benzyl 2-acetamido-3-methoxypropionamide, (R)-3] has been explored. Forty-three compounds were prepared and then evaluated at the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Anticonvulsant Screening Program for seizure protection in the maximal electroshock (MES) and subcutaneous Metrazol models. Comparing activities for two series of substituted aryl regioisomers (2', 3', 4') showed that 4'-modified derivatives had the highest activity. Significantly, structural latitude existed at the 4'-site. The SAR indicated that nonbulky 4'-substituted (R)-3 derivatives exhibited superb activity, independent of their electronic properties. Activities in the MES test of several compounds were comparable with or exceeded that of (R)-3 and surpassed the activities observed for the traditional antiepileptic agents phenytoin, phenobarbital, and valproate.
Maternal pregnancy-related hypertension and risk for hypertension in offspring later in life.

OBJECTIVE:To estimate the association between maternal pregnancy-related hypertension and offspring hypertension later in life in a birth cohort from New England.METHODS:Covariate and exposure data were collected between 1959 and 1966 through the Collaborative Perinatal Project. Follow-up informatio
Dual expressions for the Gel'fand Pinsker problem (Invited Paper)

This paper considers the classic non-causal state information problem in channel coding where non-causal channel state knowledge at the transmitter, which is also called the Gel'fand Pinsker problem. This paper determines Lagrangian dual expression for this problem, illustrating that Costa's dirty paper coding result can be replicated using the dual-problem methodology.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The cul-de-sac at the end of the road

The thoughtful analysis by Hershberger of the experience with continuous intravenous inotropic therapy provides timely information as we begin to revise routes through the end stages of heart failure. The success of therapies for myocardial infarction and for mild-moderate heart failure has led to the expansion of a compromised population that has progressed beyond current trial evidence. Although “inotrope dependence” defies objective definition, such definition is increasingly needed to allow refinement and ranking of other options. The expectation of imminent deterioration undermines the posture of equipoise, from which tentative new steps will be taken.
High-Throughput Quantitative Analysis by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

A newly developed high-throughput desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) source was characterized in terms of its performance in quantitative analysis. A 96-sample array, containing pharmaceuticals in various matrices, was analyzed in a single run with a total analysis time of 3 min. These solution-phase samples were examined from a hydrophobic PTFE ink printed on glass. The quantitative accuracy, precision, and limit of detection (LOD) were characterized. Chemical background-free samples of propranolol (PRN) with PRN-d7 as internal standard (IS) and carbamazepine (CBZ) with CBZ-d10 as IS were examined. So were two other sample sets consisting of PRN/PRN-d7 at varying concentration in a biological milieu of 10% urine or porcine brain total lipid extract, total lipid concentration 250 ng/µL. The background-free samples, examined in a total analysis time of 1. 5 s/sample, showed good quantitative accuracy and precision, with a relative error (RE) and relative standard deviation (RSD) generally less than 3% and 5%, respectively. The samples in urine and the lipid extract required a longer analysis time (2. 5 s/sample) and showed RSD values of around 10% for the samples in urine and 4% for the lipid extract samples and RE values of less than 3% for both sets. The LOD for PRN and CBZ when analyzed without chemical background was 10 and 30 fmol, respectively. The LOD of PRN increased to 400 fmol analyzed in 10% urine, and 200 fmol when analyzed in the brain lipid extract.
Experimental results of hydrogen enrichment of ethanol in an ultra-lean internal combustion engine

Abstract An investigation was made to determine the effects of hydrogen enrichment of ethanol at ultra-lean operating regimes utilizing an experimental method. A 0.745 L 2-cylinder SI engine was modified to operate on both hydrogen and ethanol fuels. The study looked at part throttle, fixed RPM operation of 0%, 15%, and 30% hydrogen fuel mixtures operating in ultra-lean operating regimes. Data was collected to calculate NO and HC emissions, power, exhaust gas temperature, thermal efficiency, volumetric efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption, and Wiebe burn fraction curves. It was shown that hydrogen enrichment of ethanol demonstrated an ability to reduce NOx and stabilize and accelerate the combustion process. The experiments showed that operating near the LOL at both 15% and 30% hydrogen by volume reduced engine out NOx emissions by more than 95% as compared to stoichiometric gasoline operation. This reduction is comparable to the efficiency of modern three-way catalyst and could offer an alternative to current NOx reduction technologies. Power, thermal efficiency, and volumetric efficiency were not affected by the hydrogen mixture at a given equivalence ratio. However, hydrogen addition allowed an increase in the lean operating limit which helped further reduce NOx emissions, but also at reduced power and thermal efficiency.
Chiral ring A synthons for vitamin D synthesis

Abstract A unique approach to vitamin d compounds via chiral bicyclo-[3.1.0]-hexane derivatives is described.
Digital photogrammetric quantification of surface area and volume on scanning electron micrographs of frozen hydrated lung tissue

A digital video plotter (DVP, Leica), the personal computer equivalent of an analytical plotter, was used to measure the coordinates of points chosen from stereo pair images of the surface of frozen hydrated lung imaged at magnifications of 2000 and 5000 X with a low-temperature scanning electron microscope (SEM). Rat lung tissue was frozen in vivo with a liquid nitrogen cryoprobe under carefully controlled physiologic conditions. At slow freezing rates, water in the aqueous layer at the surface of the lung segregates into ice crystals (dendrites) which branch in the plane of the surface. Coordinates of points on dendrite surfaces were measured by the DVP and passed to TERRAMODEL (Plus III Software, a land modeling program) where they were used to generate a three-dimensional model, from which surface area and planimetric area of the lung surface were calculated. Additional measurements were made at the top and bottom of the ice structures and a Basic language program was written to calculate the volume of ice on the lung surface. Digital photogrammetry coupled with low-temperature SEM of frozen samples allows measurement of water and water-containing microstructures ubiquitous in biology.
A sufficient saddle point characterization for the Lagrangian associated with general OPF problems

In this paper, we consider the non-convex optimal power flow (OPF) problems. We are interested in solving these non-convex problems by applying the distributed primal-dual gradient dynamics. We derive a sufficient positive semidefinite condition to characterize the relationship between KKT points and saddle points for the Lagrangian associated with the OPF problem. Two illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and limitations of this characterization.
Possible three-dimensional backbone folding around antibody combining site of immunoglobulin MOPC167.

Abstract Using a recently developed method of predicting possible three dimensional foldings of immunoglobulin backbones around antibody combining sites, we have attempted to construct the structure of immunoglobulin MOPC167 which could bind phosphorylcholine. A small pocket was present in the middle of the predicted structure similar to that of another phosphorylcholine binding immunoglobulin, McPC603, the tertiary structure of which has been determined by X-ray diffraction studies. Although detailed atomic co-ordinates of McPC603 were not available, a rough comparison between these structures strongly suggested that the foldings of complementarity determining regions were alike only for those with identical lengths and similar amino acid sequences. The predicted structure of MOPC167 as compared with the previously predicted structure of MOPC315, a 2,4-dinitrophenol binding immunoglobulin, further suggested that the light chain of one immunoglobulin could indeed combine with the heavy chain of another immunoglobulin, but might not result in a reasonable site for binding antigens.
On the Topic of Breastfeeding: A Review of Three Books

The Breastfeeding Cafe: Mothers Share the Joys, Challenges & Secrets of Nursing, by Barbara L. Behrmann. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2005. 311 pp. Paper $19.95, ISBN: 0-4720-6875-X. Tainted Milk: Breastmilk, Feminisms, and the Politics of Environmental Degradation, by Maia Boswell-Penc. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2006. 211 pp. Cloth $84.50, ISBN: 0-7914-6719-8. Paper $27.95, ISBN: 0-7914-6720-1. Mass Hysteria: Medicine, Culture, and Mothers’ Bodies, by Rebecca Kukla. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005. 251 pp. Cloth $75.00, ISBN: 0-7425-3357-3. Paper $27.95, ISBN: 0-7425-3358-1.
Older adults living through and with their computers.

Using computers and the Internet to alleviate or reduce loneliness and social isolation and using online methods of data collection in the forms of online surveys and chat room interviews are in their infancy and require a descriptive qualitative study of the experiences of older adults who are online. The purpose of this pilot study was twofold: (1) to describe the experiences of completing an online questionnaire and participating in an online interview and (2) to determine if the methodology of collecting interview data in a chat room setting can yield thick rich qualitative data to support future qualitative investigations into the Internet’s potential use as a deterrent to social and emotional isolation. This study used a Web page questionnaire and chat room interviews with online participants aged 65 years and older living alone. Seven of the 10 participants used the computer to combat loneliness. The participants found the questionnaire easy to locate, answer, and submit. They enjoyed the chat and believed that future interviews could be conducted on the Internet. The participants successfully completed the online questionnaire and chat room interviews with minimal difficulties attributed to a conflict with their Internet service provider. Themes evolving from the interviews were: computer life, online life, living alone, and living life.
Eukaryotic Peptide Deformylases. Nuclear-Encoded and Chloroplast-Targeted Enzymes in Arabidopsis

Arabidopsis (ecotype Columbia-0) genes, AtDEF1 and AtDEF2 , represent eukaryotic homologs of the essential prokaryotic gene encoding peptide deformylase. Both deduced proteins contain three conserved protein motifs found in the active site of all eubacterial peptide deformylases, and N-terminal extensions identifiable as chloroplast-targeting sequences. Radiolabeled full-length At DEF1 was imported and processed by isolated pea ( Pisum sativum L. Laxton9s Progress No. 9) chloroplasts and At DEF1 and 2 were immunologically detected in Arabidopsis leaf and chloroplast stromal protein extracts. The partial cDNAs encoding the processed forms of Arabidopsis peptide deformylase 1 and 2 (p At DEF1 and 2, respectively) were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using C-terminal hexahistidyl tags. Both recombinant Arabidopsis peptide deformylases had peptide deformylase activity with unique kinetic parameters that differed from those reported for the E. coli enzyme. Actinonin, a specific peptide deformylase inhibitor, was effective in vitro against Arabidopsis peptide deformylase 1 and 2 activity, respectively. Exposure of several plant species including Arabidopsis to actinonin resulted in chlorosis and severe reductions in plant growth and development. The results suggest an essential role for peptide deformylase in protein processing in all plant plastids.
Multisector Longitudinal Administrative Databases: An Indispensable Tool for Evidence-Based Policy for Maltreated Children and Their Families

This article describes the need for and the practicality and utility of longitudinal, multisector, and multilevel administrative data to address key issues in child maltreatment prevention and intervention. The goal is not to alert the reader to a new technology, but rather to clarify its potential and overview the process of creating such a database. Changes in technology, including data storage, computational speed, transfer systems, and software advances have made the creation of truly advanced multisector databases vastly easier than was the case even 10 years ago. We argue that this meshes well with the emerging recognition that practice and policy should be evidence based. We are entering a time when child welfare policy can now be informed by a much more complete understanding of who we serve, how they are served over time, what other social service systems they encounter, and what outcomes they commonly experience.
An X-ray analysis of progressive chromosome splitting

The chromosomes of a diploidTradescantia became effectively double with respect to X-rays at a time between 30 and 23 hr. before metaphase of the first pollen grain mitosis. During this period there were no differences to be observed between the loci of chromatid and chromosome breaks, which indicates that the splitting of all the chromosomes in any one nucleus, anda fortiori of any single chromosome, is accomplished in a considerably shorter period.