cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ethical and Professional Standards in Psychology

The prerequisites for conducting an ethical practice in psychology go far beyond professional competence and good intentions. They include, at the very least, a degree of professional sophistication, a solid measure of common sense, a high level of personal integrity, the exercise of careful planning, and the ability to establish good interpersonal rapport. While these may seem to belabor the obvious, it is worth noting that a substantial minority of those judged guilty of violating the Ethical Standards of Psychologists (American Psychological Association, 1977a) appear to have done so without intent or awareness (Keith-Spiegel, 1977). Given this reality, this chapter will address three basic concerns. First, the evolution of the Ethical Standards of Psychologists (American Psychological Association, 1977a) will be reviewed from a historical perspective. Second, the extant organizational and procedural structures for refining and enforcing ethical standards in professional psychology will be addressed. Finally, a condensed series of topics relevant to day-to-day professional practice issues will be discussed with the ultimate goal of making it possible for the reader to anticipate and prevent many types of ethical problems.
ASYMMETRY AND THE AMPLITUDE OF BUSINESS CYCLE FLUCTUATIONS: A QUANTITATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL FRICTIONS

We examine the quantitative significance of financial frictions that reduce firms' access to credit in explaining asymmetric business cycles characterized by disproportionately severe downturns. Using rate spread data to calibrate the severity of these frictions, we successfully match several key features of U.S. data. Specifically, although output and consumption are relatively symmetric (with output being slightly more asymmetric), investment and hours worked display significant asymmetry over the business cycle. We also demonstrate that our financial frictions are capable of significantly amplifying adverse shocks during severe downturns. Although the data suggest that these frictions are only active occasionally, our results indicate that they are still a significant source of macroeconomic volatility over the business cycle.
Vienna, Red and Black: Freud’s Milieu

To read these three books in chronological order is to read the history of interwar Vienna. Sigmund Freud published Beyond the Pleasure Principle in 1920, the Future of an Illusion in 1927, and Civ...
Protease induced plasticity: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 promotes neurostructural changes through activation of protease activated receptor 1

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of secreted endopeptidases expressed by neurons and glia. Regulated MMP activity contributes to physiological synaptic plasticity, while dysregulated activity can stimulate injury. Disentangling the role individual MMPs play in synaptic plasticity is difficult due to overlapping structure and function as well as cell-type specific expression. Here, we develop a novel system to investigate the selective overexpression of a single MMP driven by GFAP expressing cells in vivo. We show that MMP-1 induces cellular and behavioral phenotypes consistent with enhanced signaling through the G-protein coupled protease activated receptor 1 (PAR1). Application of exogenous MMP-1, in vitro, stimulates PAR1 dependent increases in intracellular Ca2+ concentration and dendritic arborization. Overexpression of MMP-1, in vivo, increases dendritic complexity and induces biochemical and behavioral endpoints consistent with increased GPCR signaling. These data are exciting because we demonstrate that an astrocyte-derived protease can influence neuronal plasticity through an extracellular matrix independent mechanism.
Phase II trial evaluating axitinib for patients with unresectable, recurrent, or metastatic (R/M) head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

e17027 Background: Patients with R/M HNSCC experience poor survival outcomes with standard cytotoxic agents. Targeted therapies present an attractive alternative, particularly as various growth fac...
Turbulence Measurements from Five-Beam Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers

AbstractTwo new five-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers—the Nortek Signature1000 AD2CP and the Teledyne RDI Sentinel V50—are demonstrated to measure turbulence at two energetic tidal channels within Puget Sound, Washington. The quality of the raw data is tested by analyzing the turbulent kinetic energy frequency spectra, the turbulence spatial structure function, the shear in the profiles, and the covariance Reynolds stresses. The five-beam configuration allows for a direct estimation of the Reynolds stresses from along-beam velocity fluctuations. The Nortek’s low Doppler noise and high sampling frequency allow for the observation of the turbulent inertial subrange in both the frequency spectra and the turbulence structure function. The turbulence parameters obtained from the five-beam acoustic Doppler current profilers are validated with turbulence data from simultaneous measurements with acoustic Doppler velocimeters. These combined results are then used to assess a turbulent kinetic energy budget ...
Chemical Studies on Purified Pepsin

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on chemical studies on purified pepsin. There are at least three carboxyl groups at or near the active site of pepsin. Two required for catalysis, and one more for reaction with a diazo reagent. There are probably even more than that, because p-bromophenacyl bromide does not cause complete inactivation of the enzyme and, hence, cannot react with either of the two catalytically essential groups. After reaction with p-bromophenacyl bromide, the substituted enzyme can still combine with and be inactivated by a diazo reagent in the presence of copper. Hence, p-bromophenacyl bromide does not react with the same carboxyl group with which a diazo reagent reacts. The pepsin can act over a broad pH range and the optimum pH for hydrolysis depends upon the structure of the substrate. If a series of carboxyl groups with overlapping pK's are present at the active site, the identity of those that may participate in binding will depend upon the nature of the substrate.
Fiber-Spinning Processes

A fiber can be defined as a material whose length is at least 100 times its diameter. Synthetic fibers are organic or inorganic materials that have been processed (spun) into the fiber form (thread lines). The synthetic fiber can be categorized as either staple (short) or continuous filament (very long).
One-Pot Synthesis of α-Carbonyl Bicyclic Furans via a Sequential Diels–Alder/5-Exo-Dig Cyclization/Oxidation Reaction

A new one-pot approach to construct α-carbonyl bicyclic furans from easily accessible diynones is described. This reaction sequence proceeds via a Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction catalyzed by dimethylaluminum chloride followed by a 5-exo-dig cyclization/oxidation reaction catalyzed by copper(II) chloride. This methodology generates α-carbonyl-functionalized dihydroisobenzofuran derivatives in good to excellent yields.
Expressive Language Intratest Scatter of Preschool-Age Children Who Stutter.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to assess intratest scatter (variability) on standardized tests of expressive language by preschool-age children who do (CWS) and do not stutter (CWNS).
Cosmetic Patient Evaluation

A facial cosmetic surgeon must have an in-depth knowledge of facial anatomy and its associated hard and soft tissues. It is imperative for the surgeon to be able to appreciate and define elements of facial aesthetics as well as the stigmata of an aging face. It is critical to be able to objectively analyze facial features preoperatively in order to correctly identify areas of concern and to arrive at an appropriate treatment plan for each patient. This chapter will review how to properly perform an aesthetic facial evaluation.
Combining process-based and surface-based models to simulate subsurface heterogeneity in volcanic aquifers

Realistic models of lithologic structure are critical for predicting flow and transport through heterogeneous volcanic aquifers. Existing models of lava flows based on physical processes are able to realistically simulate flow geometry and lithology, but the computational intensity limits applicability in generating entire aquifers. Fast surface-based models have been developed for hazard mapping, but these do not incorporate 3D geometry or lithology critical for hydrogeologic applications. Here we develop a hybrid modeling method (HMM) based on a combination of a process-based model (PBM) and a surface-based model. The methodologies are presented and compared to a known single flow and to each other in a full aquifer simulation. Results indicate that both the PBM and HMM simulations reasonably reproduce the flow geometry (length, branching, thickness) of the 1984 eruption of Mauna Loa in Hawai’i. Simulations of a volcanic aquifer built from 100 flows with the PBM and HMM are similar in spatial distribution and overall proportions of lithology (aa, transitional, pahoehoe, ash), flow geometry, and aquifer geometry. Thus, the hybrid method is an efficient method to generate geologically realistic models of volcanic aquifer structure. Model realism and parameterization can be improved as more field data become available.
Folic acid derived-P5779 mimetics regulate DAMP-mediated inflammation through disruption of HMGB1:TLR4:MD-2 axes

High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) protein that mediates inflammatory responses after infection or injury. Previously, we reported a peptide inhibitor of HMGB1 (P5779) that acts by directly interrupting HMGB1/MD-2 binding. Here, fingerprint similarity search and docking studies suggest folic acid derived-drugs function as P5779 mimetopes. Molecular dynamic (MD) simulation studies demonstrate that folic acid mimics the binding of P5779 at the TLR4 and MD-2 intersection. In surface plasmon resonance (SPR) studies, these drugs showed direct binding to TLR4/MD-2 but not HMGB1. Furthermore, these P5779 mimetopes inhibit HMGB1 and MD-2 binding and suppress HMGB1-induced TNF release in human macrophages in the nanomolar range. We assert from our findings that their demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects may be working through TLR4-dependent signaling.
Hand-in-Hand: A Communication-Enhancement Collaborative Virtual Reality System for Promoting Social Interaction in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit impairments in communication and social interaction, and thus face various social challenges in collaborative activities. Given the cost of ASD intervention and lack of access to trained clinicians, technology-assisted ASD intervention has gained momentum in recent years. In this paper, we present a novel collaborative virtual environment (CVE)-based social interaction platform for ASD intervention. The development of CVE technology for ASD intervention may lead to the creation of a novel low-cost intervention environment that will foster collaboration with peers and provide flexibility in communication. The presented Communication-Enhancement CVE system, hand-in-hand, allows two children to play a series of interactive games in a virtual reality environment by using simple hand gestures to collaboratively move virtual objects that are tracked in real time via cameras. Furthermore, these games are designed to promote natural communication and cooperation between the users via the presented Communication-Enhancement mode that allows users to share information and discuss game strategies using gaze and voice-based communication. The results of a feasibility study with 12 children with ASD and 12 typically developing peers show that this system was well accepted by both the children with and without ASD, improved their cooperation in game play, and demonstrated the potential for fostering their communication and collaboration skills.
Foliations by Level Hypersurfaces

Let f: Mn+1 → R be a smooth function. Removing the set of critical points Crit(f), we obtain a foliation of codimension one on M - Crit(f) by the level hypersurfaces of f. Let (M,gM) be Riemannian. The gradient vector field is denoted by the usual ∇f. Then $$ Z = \frac{1}{{\left| {Vf} \right|}}.\nabla f $$ is a unit normal vector field, with dual 1-form $$ \nu = \frac{1}{{\left| {Vf} \right|}}.df $$ .
Gas-Permeable, Multifunctional On-Skin Electronics Based on Laser-Induced Porous Graphene and Sugar-Templated Elastomer Sponges

Soft on-skin electronics have broad applications in human healthcare, human-machine interface, robotics, and others. However, most current on-skin electronic devices are made of materials with limited gas permeability, which constrain perspiration evaporation, resulting in adverse physiological and psychological effects, limiting their long-term feasibility. In addition, the device fabrication process usually involves e-beam or photolithography, thin-film deposition, etching, and/or other complicated procedures, which are costly and time-consuming, constraining their practical applications. Here, a simple, general, and effective approach for making multifunctional on-skin electronics using porous materials with high-gas permeability, consisting of laser-patterned porous graphene as the sensing components and sugar-templated silicone elastomer sponges as the substrates, is reported. The prototype device examples include electrophysiological sensors, hydration sensors, temperature sensors, and joule-heating elements, showing signal qualities comparable to conventional, rigid, gas-impermeable devices. Moreover, the devices exhibit high water-vapor permeability (≈18 mg cm-2 h-1 ), ≈18 times higher than that of the silicone elastomers without pores, and also show high water-wicking rates after polydopamine treatment, up to 1 cm per 30 s, which is comparable to that of cotton. The on-skin devices with such attributes could facilitate perspiration transport and evaporation, and minimize discomfort and inflammation risks, thereby improving their long-term feasiblity.
Revitalizing research in genitourinary syndrome of menopause.

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause is defined as the collection of signs and symptoms of the genitourinary tract from menopause, previously known as vulvovaginal atrophy. The Food and Drug Administration has approved select hormonal and nonhormonal treatment for vaginal atrophy, including systemic estrogen, vaginal estrogen, estrogen receptor modulators, and dehydroepiandrosterone. These medications can increase the risk of thromboembolic disease and malignancy; furthermore, the cost of the medications have been increasing. Energy-based therapy such as the fractional CO2 laser energy or nonablative photothermal Erbium:YAG-laser has emerged as an alternative treatment option for genitourinary syndrome of menopause. However, in July of 2018, the Food and Drug Administration released a statement cautioning women against vaginal rejuvenation devices and highlighted the paucity of long-term clinical research in this field. This statement may result in patients' hesitation to seek care for genitourinary syndrome of menopause. These recent events should be a call to action to urge physicians to address the barriers that exist in the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause because of limited clinical research, cost of treatment, and fear.
Emergency Department Evaluation of the Pediatric Heart Transplant Recipient

Abstract With an increasing number of pediatric heart transplant patients, it is inevitable that they will seek medical care at an emergency department for cardiac or noncardiac complaints. Given the special issues associated with transplant (some of which are similar to other organ transplants and some of which are unique to cardiac transplantation), the emergency care provider should have an understanding of what care can be independently provided, concerns which may require additional testing or expertise, and when to call the cardiac consultant. The goal of this review is to address these issues.
Proximal Tubule β2-Adrenergic Receptor Mediates Formoterol-Induced Recovery of Mitochondrial and Renal Function after Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is the rapid loss of renal function after an insult, and renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs) are central to the pathogenesis of AKI. The β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonist formoterol accelerates the recovery of renal function in mice after ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) with associated rescue of mitochondrial proteins; however, the cell type responsible for this recovery remains unknown. The role of RPTCs in formoterol-induced recovery of renal function was assessed in a proximal tubule–specific knockout of the β2AR (γGT-Cre:ADRB2Flox/Flox). These mice and wild-type controls (ADRB2Flox/Flox) were subjected to renal IRI, followed by once-daily dosing of formoterol beginning 24 hours post-IRI and euthanized at 144 hours. Compared with ADRB2Flox/Flox mice, γGT-Cre:ADRB2Flox/Flox mice had decreased renal cortical mRNA expression of the β2AR. After IRI, formoterol treatment restored renal function in ADRB2Flox/Flox but not γGT-Cre:ADRB2Flox/Flox mice as measured by serum creatinine, histopathology, and expression of kidney injury marker-1 (KIM-1). Formoterol-treated ADRB2Flox/Flox mice exhibited recovery of mitochondrial proteins and DNA copy number, whereas γGT-Cre:ADRB2Flox/Flox mice treated with formoterol did not. Analysis of mitochondrial morphology by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that formoterol increased mitochondrial number and density in ADRB2Flox/Flox mice but not in γGT-Cre:ADRB2Flox/Flox mice. These data demonstrate that proximal tubule β2AR regulates renal mitochondrial homeostasis. Formoterol accelerates the recovery of renal function after AKI by activating proximal tubule β2AR to induce mitochondrial biogenesis and demonstrates the overall requirement of RPTCs in renal recovery.
Establishing Computational Thinking as Just Another Tool in the Problem Solving Tool Box

Even though the computer science education community has not definitively established exactly what ?Computational Thinking" entails, most will agree that it is using a computing machine to solve problems. Like all tools for solving problems, this knowledge should be made available to everyone. Jeannette Wing sounded this call in 2006, writing that "computational methods and models give us the courage to solve problems and design systems that no one of us would be capable of tackling alone." These skills are not just for computer scientists, but for anyone and everyone who plans to solve problems. We already teach other forms of problem solving to all our students including: Mathematical Thinking, Critical Thinking, and Scientific Reasoning. Computational Thinking, as well as engineering and design's Design Thinking, should be equally exposed to all students. It is also important to illuminate that these tools are not used in isolation to solve problems. Perhaps the key to the acceptance of Computational Thinking (as well as Design Thinking) as essential educational tools is to highlight their overlap and interdependence with other problem solving skills. The next generation will need practice with every tool at their disposal to be prepared to solve tomorrow's problems. I propose embedding Computational Thinking in a problem solving framework that leverages teachers' (and students') existing knowledge of problem solving in mathematics, science, and language arts in order to encourage teachers in non CS disciplines to teach Computational Thinking in their classrooms.
INTENSIVE OUTPATIENT CLINIC REDUCES READMISSIONS FOR HEART FAILURE PATIENTS WITH BENEFIT AT 1-YEAR

Patients with heart failure (HF) are at a greater risk for readmission than other medical conditions. The efficacy of outpatient therapy has been established as key factor in reducing hospital readmissions. We retrospectively examined 250 consecutive patients admitted with the diagnosis of heart
Prospective study of a tailored comprehensive cancer gene (TCCG) set built on a next generation sequencing (NGS) platform in incurable head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (The Pro-TCCG Protocol).

e17076 Background: The genetic landscape of HNSCC is heterogeneous. However, only one targeted therapy (an EGFR inhibitor) has shown efficacy, albeit modest. We hypothesized that a TCCG set of 40 c...
Traumatic brain injury-related deaths from firearm suicide: United States, 2008-2017

Objectives. To document the increasing influence of firearm suicide on the incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI)-related death in the United States.Methods. We used national vital statistics data from 2008 to 2017 to identify TBI-related deaths, overall and by cause, among US residents. National counts stratified by year, sex, and age group (to facilitate age adjustment) were merged with corresponding population estimates to calculate incidence rates.Results. During the 10-year period beginning in 2008, when it became the leading cause of TBI-related death in the United States, firearm suicide accounted for nearly half (48.3%) of the increase in the absolute incidence of TBI-related death when combining all injury categories showing absolute increases. Rates of TBI-related firearm suicide increased among both males and females.Conclusions. Safe storage of firearms among people at risk and training of health care providers and community members to identify and support people who may be thinking of suicide are part of a comprehensive public health approach to suicide prevention.Public Health Implications. States, communities, and health care systems can save lives by prioritizing comprehensive suicide prevention.
A Game Theoretic Approach For k-Core Minimization

K-cores are maximal induced subgraphs where all vertices have degree at least k. These dense patterns have applications in community detection, network visualization and protein function prediction. However, k-cores can be quite unstable to network modifications, which inspires the question: How resilient is the k-core structure of a network, such as the Web or Facebook, to edge deletions? More specifically, we study the problem of computing a small set of edges for which the removal minimizes the k-core structure of a network. This paper provides a comprehensive characterization of the hardness of the k-core minimization problem (KCM), including innaproximability and parameterized complexity. Motivated by these challenges, we propose a novel algorithm inspired by Shapley value---a cooperative game-theoretic concept--- that is able to leverage the strong interdependencies in the effects of edge removals in the search space. Our experiments, show that the proposed algorithm outperforms competing solutions in terms of k-core minimization.
Mobility of Lewis acids within the secondary coordination sphere: toward a model for cooperative substrate binding

Distance dependence of appended Lewis acids in N2H4 binding and deprotonation was evaluated within a series of zinc complexes. Variation of spacer-length to a tethered trialkylborane Lewis acid revealed distinct preferences for binding and stabilization of the resulting deprotonated N2H3− unit.
What matters in citizen satisfaction with police: A meta-analysis

Abstract Purpose While there has been a sizeable amount of research on identifying the correlates of citizen satisfaction with police agencies, that research has not been synthesized to identify patterns across different studies. This study presents the results of a meta-analysis that assessed the predictive strength of the most commonly included correlates of satisfaction with police. Methods An exhaustive search for studies on satisfaction with police produced 66 studies eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Random effects models were conducted along with moderating analyses. Results Findings revealed that gender, race, age, fear of crime, and victimization were statistically significant predictors of satisfaction with police. Moderating analyses revealed that certain variables, Hispanic ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and perceptions of crime, while not significant in the main effect size analysis, were significant in the moderator analysis. Conclusions It is important that future research establishes a more standardized form of measurement for satisfaction, with the consideration that confidence and trust may operate as distinct constructs. Additionally, it is imperative to move beyond investigating demographic factors alone and instead focus on variables related to procedural justice, performance theory, and neighborhood context.
Terms of Endearment: Financing Terms for Deep Technology Startups on a Crowdfunding Platform

Public science firms generate positive outcomes, but transitions for their private startup counterparts across the so-called ``Valley of Death'' remain challenging. Like other new ventures, they use modern tools to raise capital, such as crowdfunding and simplified convertible debt instruments, but these strategies have been poorly studied for the economically important niche of early-stage science firms. New data from a ``deep technology'' equity crowdfunding (EC) platform show that those investors make different decisions than their offline counterparts. Debt and a related instrument, the Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE), are used successfully in both channels as early-stage vehicles, but selection and funding outcomes differ. Relative to life sciences and data sciences, engineering or hardware firms experience a significant penalty if they elect to offer convertible debt instruments. Equity crowdfunding investors strongly prefer the SAFE to a traditional debt instrument, but are relatively insensitive to the specific terms. These findings impact the understanding of entrepreneurial finance and the policy associated with science-based ventures.
Asian international students’ help-seeking intentions and behavior in American Postsecondary Institutions

Abstract While the number of Asian international students has increased in postsecondary institutions in the United States over the last two decades, unlike their American peers, these students were reported to have more severe mental health issues with less help-seeking intentions and behavior. This study drew the national data collected by American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) from 2011 to 2014 to examine how various factors were associated with help-seeking intentions and behavior among Asian International Students (AIS) in the U.S. After case-wise deletion of missing data, the dataset used in regression analyses included 97,259 college students, including 2999 AISs, who were randomly drawn within the 62 participated postsecondary institutions. The study performed a series of logistic regression with complex survey design that controlled for institutional clustering effects to analyze the relationship between various factors and AISs’ help-seeking intentions and behavior. The results showed that AIS utilized significantly less services and were less willing to seek mental health services than not only American domestic students but also other international students. Variables related to institutional characteristics, demographic information, academic status, and health conditions were found to significantly influence AISs’ help-seeking intentions and behavior. College mental health professionals and university stakeholders need to pay more attention to the mental health needs of AIS. Implications for college mental health professionals and university stakeholders are discussed.
"You have to fight to legitimize your existence all the time": The social context of depression in men with physical disabilities.

Abstract Little is known about the common experience of depression in men with physical disabilities. To help address this gap, we present findings from a qualitative study situated in the social determinants of health (SDH). Findings describe the detrimental effects of marginalization, economic precarity, restrictive masculine norms, stigma, and the need to resist ableist messages on men's health and well-being. It is our intention to raise awareness of the impact of the SDH on depression in men with physical disabilities and encourage clinicians and policy makers to address the social domain as they seek to improve mental health in this population.
The foreign language effect in bilingualism: Examining prosocial sentiment after offense taking

This study examines whether the foreign language effect mitigates reactions to value-inconsistent sociopolitical content. We examined 69 English–Spanish bilinguals and 31 Spanish–English heritage bilinguals, half of whom did the experiment in their native language and half in their second language. Participants were administered a survey in which trial emotiveness was manipulated by using the quantifiers some and all (e.g., Some Trump supporters are racists vs. All Trump supporters are racists). The some-types (n = 30) served as a baseline for the all-types (n = 30). After each target, participants rated their willingness to be prosocial (e.g., holding the door for a stranger) on a scale of 1–7, 1 being totally agree and 7 being totally disagree. Our results suggest that processing emotional information in a second language is less emotional than in a first language and that such a decrease in emotionality results in the neutralization of offense taken. However, individual differences in linguistic profiles across participants, as well as contextual framing, lead to discrete value judgments. Proficiency, learner type, political affiliation, and context type affect willingness to engage in prosocial behavior. As a group, the bilinguals showed no decrease in their willingness to engage in such behaviors, regardless of context type; speakers of higher proficiency and stronger political values increase prosocial sentiment; and lower proficiency and weaker views lead to neutral prosocial sentiment.
Dispersion Characteristics of Bent Radiating Waveguides

Dispersion properties of closed and slotted radiating bent rectangular waveguides are rigorously studied. Our analysis shows that the propagation constant changes significantly when the waveguide is curved. This change depends on the particular mode, the curvature radius, the operating frequency, and the geometry's properties (e.g., existence or non-existence of slots). For different bending angles, leaky-wave phenomena are studied here across the spectrum of the different dispersion characteristics.
Presenting age and features of females diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder

AIM Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is reportedly more prevalent in males than in females. Hypotheses for this gender imbalance include differing presentations in females. The aim of this study was to identify gender-based ASD differences in age at presentation, clinical features, comorbidities and severity levels. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Child Development Unit. Children diagnosed with ASD during a 6-month period were analysed. RESULTS A total of 195 children were analysed with a male-to-female ratio of 2.8:1. No difference was found between gender and age at diagnosis. Males were more likely to display deficits in imaginative play and use repeated or learned phrases. Females were more likely to present with proprioception and vestibular issues, fears reflecting sensory avoidance and ASD of lesser severity. CONCLUSION Our study supports the hypothesis that gender-based differences exist within ASD presenting features. These differences should be considered when assessing for ASD in females to avoid under recognition.
Multi-start Evolutionary Nonlinear OpTimizeR (MENOTR): A hybrid parameter optimization toolbox.

Abstract Parameter optimization or “data fitting” is a computational process that identifies a set of parameter values that best describe an experimental data set. Parameter optimization is commonly carried out using a computer program utilizing a non-linear least squares (NLLS) algorithm. These algorithms work by continuously refining a user supplied initial guess resulting in a systematic increase in the goodness of fit. A well-understood problem with this class of algorithms is that in the case of models with correlated parameters the optimized output parameters are initial guess dependent. This dependency can potentially introduce user bias into the resultant analysis. While many optimization programs exist, few address this dilemma. Here we present a data analysis tool, MENOTR, that is capable of overcoming the initial guess dependence in parameter optimization. Several case studies with published experimental data are presented to demonstrate the capabilities of this tool. The results presented here demonstrate how to effectively overcome the initial guess dependence of NLLS leading to greater confidence that the resultant optimized parameters are the best possible set of parameters to describe an experimental data set. While the optimization strategies implemented within MENOTR are not entirely novel, the application of these strategies to optimize parameters in kinetic and thermodynamic biochemical models is uncommon. MENOTR was designed to require minimal modification to accommodate a new model making it immediately accessible to researchers with a limited programming background. We anticipate that this toolbox can be used in a wide variety of data analysis applications. Prototype versions of this toolbox have been used in a number of published investigations already, as well as ongoing work with chemical-quenched flow, stopped-flow, and molecular tweezers data sets. Statement of significance Non-linear least squares (NLLS) is a common form of parameter optimization in biochemistry kinetic and thermodynamic investigations These algorithms are used to fit experimental data sets and report corresponding parameter values. The algorithms are fast and able to provide good quality solutions for models involving few parameters. However, initial guess dependence is a well-known drawback of this optimization strategy that can introduce user bias. An alternative method of parameter optimization are genetic algorithms (GA). Genetic algorithms do not have an initial guess dependence but are slow at arriving at the best set of fit parameters. Here, we present MENOTR, a parameter optimization toolbox utilizing a hybrid GA/NLLS algorithm. The toolbox maximizes the strength of each strategy while minimizing the inherent drawbacks.
Experimental investigation on grinding characteristics of optical glass BK7: with special emphasis on the effects of machining parameters

As a kind of widely used optical material, optical glass BK7 is machined by first grinding and then polishing in industrial production. However, the polishing process is time-consuming and high-cost. Therefore, it is very meaningful to produce high-quality BK7 workpieces by grinding. To understand the grinding characteristics of BK7, many studies were conducted and reported. But most studies available so far had low industrial relevance and were difficult to be applied to guide real production of BK7 glass. To fill this gap, in this study, BK7 grinding characteristics are investigated and special emphasis is laid on the effects of machining parameters in terms of machined surface morphology, subsurface damage, and grinding force. Results show that wheel depth of cut plays the most important role in BK7 grinding, and a little difference of it leads to completely different material removal modes. Wheel speed is the second important parameter. It cannot change the dominant removal mode but can slightly adjust the characteristics of machined surface, subsurface damage, and grinding force. Workpiece feed rate has a small impact on BK7 grinding. From the viewpoint of industrial application, it suggests that the wheel depth of cut of 1.0 μm, high wheel speed, and high workpiece feed rate are more rational and practical because under this condition the grinding process can produce BK7 workpieces, which possess crack-free surface and sublet subsurface damage, with high removal rates and stable grinding forces. The findings of this paper are expected to be meaningful to provide the experimental references for the studies of the BK7 grinding process and guide industrial production of BK7 optical components.
What's the Problem? A Commentary on “Rationality for Economists?”

Daniel McFadden's article raises many interesting questions about the implications of psychology experiments for economic theory. How serious is the problem? I stand roughly with McFadden on the continuum of answers to that question. Specifically, people's decisions are often systematically inconsistent with rationality, but not so much as to force to abandon the assumption that people do have "preferences," which I interpret to mean objectives, or criteria for evaluating outcomes. (The term could also mean "tendencies to choose one thing over another," which is not the same.) Economic theory speaks with many voices about the requirements of rationality, but most of them echo the utilitarian foundations of the field: what is rational is to maximize the all-things-considered achievement of goals or objectives, i.e., to maximize utility. People are systematically irrational, and it is meaningful to say so. That is, we need not give up the idea that people are deviating from something real. What are the most serious deviations from rationality? McFadden speaks of all sorts of different deviations, from consumer choices to investments to survey responses. I suggest that the deviations are most serious in survey responses and, more generally, in political behavior (both action and inaction). I include here all behavior directed at influencing policy choices that affect many others aside from the decision maker. The reason for this is that such behavior is motivated largely by moral intuitions. Compared to investing and consumer behavior, political decisions do not benefit from feedback. Each person's influence is small, and actors almost never attribute outcomes to their own decisions. All decisions are
Device closure of paravalvular defects following transcatheter aortic valve replacement with the Edwards Sapien valve

Paravalvular aortic insufficiency (AI) is observed in the majority of patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). While paravalvular AI is most commonly modest following TAVR, moderate or severe AI was seen in 10.5% and 6.8% of the PARTNER inoperable and high-risk cohorts at 1 year and has been reportedly associated with dyspnea and diminished survival. We report two cases of transcatheter heart valve (THV) associated paravalvular defects closed using catheter delivered devices. Both patients derived hemodynamic and symptomatic improvement from device closure. Additional research is warranted to define the adverse consequences of THV associated AI, indications for treatment, and risks associated with device closure of these defects. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sexual Harassment, Bullying, and School Outcomes for High School Girls and Boys

A comparison of the impact of bullying and sexual harassment on five school outcomes was conducted on a sample of high school students. Results revealed that sexual harassment was a stronger predictor than bullying of all school outcomes for both sexes, but especially for girls. This study suggests that sexual harassment, which activates sexist and heterosexist stereotypes, erodes school engagement, alienates students from teachers, and adversely affects academic achievement, to a greater degree than bullying does.
A behavioral biology for the future

Some comments are appended to Patrick Bateson’s reflections on the future of behavioral biology that were triggered by remembering the contributions of Gunter Tembrock to ethology. While the suggestions made are valid and insightful, a few specific areas where exciting research possibilities may reside are added including those involving communication and language, culture and ritual, brain imaging, genetics, animal tracking, and aesthetics. The need for the historical grounding of graduate education in behavior studies is also emphasized as an important possible factor if the future will effectively fulfill its mission and recognize its legacy.
Crystal structure of a ternary SAP-1/SRF/c-fos SRE DNA complex.

Abstract Combinatorial DNA binding by proteins for promoter-specific gene activation is a common mode of DNA regulation in eukaryotic organisms, and occurs at the promoter of the c-fos proto-oncogene. The c-fos promoter contains a serum response element (SRE) that mediates ternary complex formation with the Ets proteins SAP-1 or Elk-1 and the MADS-box protein, serum response factor (SRF). Here, we report the crystal structure of a ternary SAP-1/SRF/c-fos SRE DNA complex containing the minimal DNA-binding domains of each protein. The structure of the complex reveals that the SAP-1 monomer and SRF dimer are bound on opposite faces of the DNA, and that the DNA recognition helix of SAP-1 makes direct contact with the DNA recognition helix of one of the two SRF subunits. These interactions facilitate an 82° DNA bend around SRF and a modulation of protein-DNA contacts by each protein when compared to each of the binary DNA complexes. A comparison with a recently determined complex containing SRF, an idealized DNA site, and a SAP-1 fragment containing a SRF-interacting B-box region, shows a similar overall architecture but also shows important differences. Specifically, the comparison suggests that the B-box region of the Ets protein does not significantly influence DNA recognition by either of the proteins, and that the sequence of the DNA target effects the way in which the two proteins cooperate for DNA recognition. These studies have implications for how DNA-bound SRF may modulate the DNA-binding properties of other Ets proteins such as Elk-1, and for how other Ets proteins may modulate the DNA-binding properties of other DNA-bound accessory factors to facilitate promoter-specific transcriptional responses.
Triunfalismo nacional y mística guerrera en ¡Harka! y ¡A mí la Legión!

Abstract iHarka! (1941) y iA mi la Legion! (1942), pertenecientes al asi-llamado ‘cine de cruzada’, son dos peliculas menos conocidas, cuyo principal interes ideologico reside en la ilustracion de la importancia de Marruecos y de la Legion espanola en el imaginario del Ejercito nacional espanol, por un lado, y, por el otro, en la cristalizacion de una exaltada retorica militarista, factor cohesionador de varias ideologias en el bando nacional, tanto en la Guerra Civil como en la posguerra inmediata. El poder persuasivo del discurso militarista se respalda en el melodrama, destinado a embellecer los valores castrenses glorificados mediante una aureola casi mistica. La fuerte apelacion a las emociones, mediante un lenguaje sobre todo gestual, al lado de una vision moral maniquea, hacen considerar estas peliculas como un buen ejemplo de melodrama resignificado, en el cual se subliman las pulsiones afectivas a favor de una mistica guerrera. El peso dramatico y persuasivo de los dos filmes es, sin embargo, rep...
Surface characterization of hydroxyapatite and related calcium phosphates by XPS and TOF-SIMS.

The surfaces of six biologically interesting calcium phosphate (CaP) phases (hydroxyapatite, dibasic calcium phosphate dihydrate, dibasic calcium phosphate, monobasic calcium phosphate, β-tribasic calcium phosphate, octacalcium phosphate) have been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS). The intensity of an O(1s) shake-up satellite correlates with the phosphate oxygen content. Together with the Ca/P and O/Ca XPS peak ratios, this feature helps provide identification of the CaP phase(s) present in the surface of unknown samples and establish their mole fractions, as proven with a bone sample. Contributions from carbonate impurities can be quantified using its C(1s) peak at 279.9 eV and subtracted from the O(1s) line shape to aid identification. Principal component analysis (PCA) has been applied successfully to analyze TOF-SIMS spectra of these six CaP phases. Multivariate analysis can help differentiate these CaP phases using the fi...
Cost of the House-Officer Interview

Excerpt To the editor: In addition to bearing the escalating costs of tuition, books, and living, senior medical students spend substantial time and money in selecting house-officer training progra...
Effects of a new rodenticide, benzenesulfonic acid hydrazide, on prenatal mice.

Benzenesulfonic acid [(3‐amino‐2,4,6‐trichlorophenyl)methylene] hydrazide, a candidate rodenticide coded as DRC‐4575, was administered by gavage to pregnant female BALB/c mice. Each dose (5.5, 28.0, 42.0, 62.0, and 94.0 mg/kg) was given to one of five groups of ten mice on day 8 of gestation, making a total of five different dose groups on day 8. This same procedure was followed for days 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13. This made a total of 30 dose‐day treatment groups. Six control females were dosed each day. Dam survival to day 18 declined as the dose increased; only 2% of the dams survived at 94 mg/kg. When the surviving females were killed at day 18, no significant differences were found between treatment and control animals in the number or weight of live fetuses, or in the ratio of male to female fetuses. However, the percentage of live fetuses was significantly lower and the number of resorptions was significantly higher for the treated dams at the 62 mg/kg dose level than for the control dams. Skeletal anom...
A Practical Activity Recognition Approach Based on the Generic Activity Framework

In spite of the obvious importance of activity recognition technology for human centric applications, state-of-the-art activity recognition technology is not practical enough for real world deployments because of the insufficient accuracy and lack of support for programmability. The authors introduce a generic activity framework to address these issues. The generic activity framework is a refined hierarchical composition structure of the traditional activity theory. New activity recognition algorithms that can cooperate with the proposed activity framework and model are proposed. To be practical, activity recognition technology should also be programmable. The hierarchical aspects of our generic activity framework help to improve activity recognition programmability. The generic activity framework decouples the observation subsystem i.e., the sensor set from the rest of the activity model. The authors demonstrate the value of this decoupling by experimentally comparing the level of user effort needed in making sensor changes and the ramifications of such changes on model updates. They compare the level of effort required by the authors' model to the requirements of previously reported approaches.
Bias and precision in the perception and memory for stimulus lightness

• Surround bias was compatible with partial color constancy; constancy indices varied between 0.37 and 1 (mean 0.67) • Delay bias resembled a tendency toward the mean luminance of all displayed stimuli in a given block• Combined delay and surround biases were qualitatively predicted by the sum of the single-change biases • In the baseline (simultaneous symmetric) condition, thresholds were lowest overall, and increased as a function of reference contrast• There was no systematic increase or decrease of thresholds across reference contrast in the other conditions • Introducing a delay tended to cause an increase in thresholds in both surround conditions; effects of surround were less systematic