cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effects of short and prolonged cold exposure on arousal in the free-tailed bat, Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala (Le conte).

Abstract 1. 1. Tadarida brasiliensis cynocephala (Le Conte) was resident in New Orleans, Louisiana, in the winters 1967–1968 and 1968–1969. The bats fed periodically during winter months; however on cold days, the bats were inactive and often torpid. 2. 2. Laboratory studies to determine the effects of variable periods of cold exposure on the ability of Tadarida to rewarm to flight temperature demonstrated that the total number of warmups plays an important role in the animal's ability to arouse to flight temperature on subsequent attempts. 3. 3. The effect of warmups on successive evenings was observed to be greater than the effects of prolonged cold exposure. 4. 4. In all arousal experiments, the body weights of animals that rewarmed were greater than the body weights of animals that did not rewarm. 5. 5. The total amount and proportions of interscapular brown fat were greater in animals that rewarmed than in animals that did not rewarm.
The Impact of Concomitant Mitral Repair in Patients Receiving Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices

s S167 Methods: A retrospective analysis of patients implanted with LVADs was performed. Severity of TVR was identified by echocardiogram obtained pre-operatively, at the time of discharge, and months 3, 6,12,18,24, and 36. TVR was graded from 0 to 3 (3 being severe). TVAs were performed with a multiple pledget-reinforced De Vega procedure. Results: Over 5 years, 7 months, from 2008 to 2013, 191 patients underwent HeartMate II LVAD implantation, of which 51 (26%) were identified with severe TVR. Average age was 56 years, 78% were male, and 44% were ischemic. Of the patients with severe TVR, 22 (42%) underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty (TVA group) and 29 did not (NTVA group). There were no significant differences between the two groups with baseline demographics. Findings are as follows. Compared to pre-op, severity of TVR at the time of discharge decreased significantly in both groups (p= 0.0003), with modest, but not statistically significant, benefit of TVA over NTVA. The improvement in TVR was sustained up to 36 months after implantation in both groups (p= 0.0027). Conclusion: Severe TVR improved post LVAD implantation, with or without TVA. No survival benefit to TVA could be demonstrated out to 36 months, the longest yet reported follow up. Length of stay was decreased with patients receiving a TVA, although other contributing factors could not be excluded. Additional data will be required to determine whether TVA is beneficial in some subsets such as patients with severe TVR together with severe RV dysfunction or pulmonary hypertension.
Intraoperative evaluation of surgical systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts.

Abstract At the time of operation it is difficult to ascertain the patency, inadequacy, or excessiveness of surgical systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunts performed for various types of cyanotic heart disease. An intraoperative test based on the decrease in mean aortic pressure upon opening the newly created shunt was made in 36 patients undergoing operation for creation of a subclavian-to-pulmonary artery or aorta-to-pulmonary artery anastomosis. The subsequent postoperative course of these patients was compared to the percentage of decrease in mean aortic pressure. A failure of the pressure to fall always indicated an occluded shunt (3 patients), a pressure drop of less than 9% always indicated an inadequate shunt for sustained palliation (4 patients), a pressure drop greater than 20% could indicate an excessively large shunt (1 of 3 patients), and a pressure drop between 9 and 20% usually indicated an adequate shunt for sustained palliation (29 of 32 patients). The exceptions are noted and discussed. This intraoperative test accurately predicts occluded, patent, or excessive shunts so that immediate revision may be undertaken.
Plasma levels of dihydrotestosterone in the cycling rat: implications for the regulation of lordosis behavior.

Exogenously administered dihydrotestosterone (DHT) is a potent inhibitor of sexual behavior in ovariectomized, estrogen-primed rats and endogenous DHT has been implicated as an inhibitor of sexual behavior in cycling rats. To determine the temporal relationship between DHT levels and the expression of sexual behavior, females were tested at midnight of each day of the 4-day estrous cycle for lordosis response to male mounts and subsequently bled. Plasma DHT levels were highest (177±10 pg/ml) at proestrus (P), when lordosis was fully expressed, fell to significantly lower levels (136±8, p<0.025) at estrus (E), and rose at diestrus I and diestrus II (DII) (152±8 and 154±10 respectively). Other female rats were bled from a jugular cannula at 4-hr intervals between midnight of DII and midnight of E. Plasma DHT was elevated from 1200 of P to 0400 of E and fell rapidly through 0800 of E. This elevation of endogenous DHT coincides with the expression of lordosis behavior, and the magnitude of this peak is many times lower than the concentrations reached by the minimal exogenous dose that inhibits lordosis behavior. This suggests that cyclic changes of DHT in the peripheral circulation do not inhibit lordosis behavior during the estrous cycle.
Fodrin is the general spectrin-like protein found in most cells whereas spectrin and the TW protein have a restricted distribution

Spectrin and related proteins are made up of a common calmodulin-binding subunit tightly associated with a variant subunit. We have analyzed the distribution of the variant subunits in various cell types using subunit-specific antibodies in immunofluorescence as well as western blotting and in some cases have compared the subunits by two-dimensional peptide mapping. We have found that in the majority of cell types (lymphocytes, hepatocytes, neurons, fibroblasts) fodrin 235 K is present in the absence of the other two variant subunits, spectrin 220 K and TW260. Two cell types were found (skeletal muscle and erythrocytes) which contained only the spectrin variant. Two cell types display two distinct variant subunits. Both fodrin 235 K and spectrin 220 K are detected in cardiac muscle whereas TW260 is present in addition to fodrin 235 K in intestinal epithelial cells. During the early stages of embryonic development of the chicken intestine, fodrin 235 K is expressed in the epithelial cells whereas TW260 and spectrin are not detectable. TW260 is expressed relatively late in development (15-16 days) and is inserted only in the apical (brush border) membrane compartment whereas fodrin 235 K is present in these same cells and underlies the entire plasma membrane. These results suggest that fodrin provides the general linkage system between microfilaments and the membrane in nonerythroid and nonmuscle cells.
Effect of soil temperature on evapotranspiration by C3 and C4 grasses

Abstract The relationship between evapotranspiration (ET) and soil temperature was studied for two C3 and two C4 grasses grown in 20-cm diameter plastic containers and managed to provide 10-cm high dense leaf canopies. Soil temperature treatments were 13, 21, and 29°C while leaf canopies were exposed to ambient climate conditions. Except for one C3 grass at the highest soil temperature, all grasses had higher ET as soil temperature increased. The C4 grasses averaged 30% lower ET than the C3 grasses at 13°C soil temperature, but the relative difference decreased to only 10% lower than the nonstressed C3 grass at 29°C soil temperature. Canopy temperature showed no statistical relation to soil temperature. Soil heat flux differences appeared to have a greater influence on ET than plant resistance changes due to the influence of soil temperature on roots.
Motions of calmodulin characterized using both Bragg and diffuse X-ray scattering

Abstract Background: Calmodulin is a calcium-activated regulatory protein which can bind to many different targets. The protein resembles a highly flexible dumbbell, and bends in the middle as it binds. This and other motions must be understood to formulate a realistic model of calmodulin function. Results: Using the Bragg reflections from X-ray crystallography, a multiple-conformer refinement of a calmodulin–peptide complex shows anisotropic displacements, with high variations of dihedral angles in several nonhelical domains: the flexible linker; three of the four calcium-binding sites (including both of the N-terminal sites); and a turn connecting the C-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding domains. Three-dimensional maps of the large scale diffuse X-ray scattering data show isotropic liquid-like motions with an unusually small correlation length. Three-dimensional maps of the small scale diffuse streaks show highly coupled, anisotropic motions along the head-to-tail molecular packing direction in the unit cell. There is also weak coupling perpendicular to the head-to-tail packing direction, particularly across a cavity occupied by the disordered linker domain of the molecule. Conclusions: Together, the Bragg and diffuse scattering present a self-consistent description of the motions in the flexible linker of calmodulin. The other mobile regions of the protein are also of great interest. In particular, the high variations in the calcium-binding sites are likely to influence how strongly they bind ions. This is especially important in the N-terminal sites, which regulate the activity of the molecule.
A Suggestion for the Presentation of Correlations and Their Significance Levels

Abstract It is suggested that the results of correlation calculations between concurrent time series be presented in the form of normalized correlations, the normalization factor being the estimated large-lag standard error. This factor is easily estimated from the data using the Bartlett formula and reflects the interplay of the dominant time scales of the input processes and the finite record length. It is shown that significance levels are inherent in the normalized correlations and the procedure used to obtain them is mathematically equivalent to that now widely used in oceanography.
Recruiting Faculty with Clinical Responsibilities: Factors That Influence a Decision to Accept an Academic Position

The current opportunities for veterinary clinical specialists in private practice and industry have made recruiting and retaining faculty a major focus for most clinical academic departments. To gain a better understanding of the importance of the various factors considered in accepting an academic position, an electronic survey was distributed to newly hired veterinary faculty with clinical responsibilities. The results suggest that the perceived climate and collegiality within the prospective hiring department is the most important factor influencing the decision to accept an academic position. Salary is the second most important factor. Institutional support for the newly hired faculty member and the reputation and quality of the prospective institution rank as more important than the perceived quality of the local community and the geographic location of the institution. The search process and administrative support are the least important factors. There were no differences between the responses of fa...
Action of Lithospermum Ruderale on Ovulation in the Hen

ABSTRACT THERE has been a continuing interest in the effects of extracts of Lithospermum ruderale on the inactivation of various protein hormones. Cranston (1945), Drasher and Zahl (1946), Cranston and Robinson (1949), and Drasher (1949 and Drasher (1950) were the first to demonstrate that feeding dried Lithospermum ruderale to mice would inhibit ovulation and produce extended periods of diestrus. More recently, the Canadian workers in Noble’s laboratory and the German investigators under the leadership of Loeser have reported that extracts of several species of Lithospermum inactivate pregnant mare serum, interstitial cell stimulating hormone, and thyroid stimulating hormone after mixure in vitro and in vivo. An extensive series of papers has appeared from each laboratory, notably by: Noble, Plunkett and Taylor (1950), Plunkett and Noble (1951), Noble, Plunkett and Graham (1954), Graham and Noble (1955); and Loeser (1955), Loeser and Wernze (1955a, b), Loeser and Opitz (1956), Kemper, Loeser, Opitz and Schwarz (1956), Kemper . . .
Nonlinear rebound of a rod after impact against a deformable barrier

The nonlinear impact of a vehicle against a deformable barrier and its subsequent rebound from that barrier are simulated. A one-dimensional elastoplastic model represents the vehicle as a series of rod finite elements and the barrier as a single mass, nonlinear spring. The solution procedure utilizes variable time step integration, contains an error control and eliminates numerical instabilities. A limited study assesses the influence of system parameters on both structure and occupants. The chief objective, however, is to establish the feasibility of the proposed treatment of this class of problems. Some results obtained appear, at first, to contradict intuition. It is observed that modelling a deformable barrier as rigid can lead to unconservative results with respect to structural response of the vehicle.
Radiative leptonic B c decays in effective field theory

The recent discovery of the B{sub c} meson by the CDF Collaboration and proposed new experiments at Fermilab and CERN motivate new theoretical studies of the B{sub c} system. Here we investigate the radiative leptonic decay B{sub c}{r_arrow}{gamma}l{nu}. This process is an important background to the annihilation process B{sub c}{r_arrow}l{nu}, which will be used to extract the B{sub c} decay constant. We perform a model-independent calculation, based on QCD, of the partial width and various kinematic distributions. We also examine the decay within the framework of NRQCD, an effective field theory of nonrelativistic quarks, generalizing the NRQCD Lagrangian to include external sources for the weak and electromagnetic currents. Finally, we will show how NRQCD reproduces the correct position of the B{sub c}{sup {asterisk}} pole in the emission of very soft photons. {copyright} {ital 1999} {ital The American Physical Society}
Asymptotic analysis of solutions of a radial Schrödinger equation with oscillating potential

We are interested in the asymptotic behavior of solutions of a Schrodinger-type equation with oscillating potential which was studied by A. Its. Here we use a different technique, based on Levinson's Fundamental Lemma, to analyze the asymptotic behavior, and our approach leads to a complete asymptotic representation of the solutions. We also discuss formal simplifications for differential equations with what might be called “regular/irregular singular points with periodic coefficients”. (© 2006 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Cryogenic Scattering Measurements

An instrument has been designed and constructed that can measure the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of optical samples at 10.6 μm, at temperatures of about 85 K, and at pressures near or below 10-6 torr. The results indicate, for the metal mirrors tested, that there is no measurable change in the scattering properties when the temperature is varied from room temperature to cryogenic temperatures.
Thinking about Minority Political Influence: Did Georgia v. Ashcroft Get It Right and, If Not, Why Not?

349 THIS ESSAY IS INTENDED as an empirical complement to Grofman (2006). That essay considered the evolution of the non-retrogression standard used in Section 5 of the Voting Rights Act (VRA), and proposed a new and very specific three-part operationalization of what I took to be the majority views in the Supreme Court’s 2003 decision in Georgia v. Ashcroft on the meaning of “retrogression.” Here, I show the kind of expert witness testimony that could have been presented in the D.C. district court had the Supreme Court remand of the 2001 Georgia Senate plan gone to trial—an event that never happened because it was mooted by the decision in Larios v. Cox (D. Ga., 2004) to invalidate the Georgia legislative plans on grounds of violations of “one person, one vote.” Contrary to what appears to be the expectations of the Supreme Court majority, I argue that the 2001 Georgia Senate plan, even had it satisfied one person, one vote scrutiny, would not necessarily have passed muster under the new Section 5 retrogression test set forth by the Court majority in Georgia v. Ashcroft. Even looking only at retrogression in minority influence, I find the State of Georgia’s defense of the 2001 plan as non-retrogressive to be flawed. Nonetheless, I view the outcome of a remand trial as “too close to call.” It would have depended upon the persuasiveness of attorneys and experts, and on a handful of key factual issues about whose resolution I can now only speculate given the limitations of the empirical evidence from the public record I had available to me while writing this essay. In any case, regardless of what legal standard may ultimately be adopted, the flow chart model offered in this article (taken from Grofman, 2006), with its enumeration of a carefully sequenced set of factual questions that need to be answered, offers a powerful tool to assist courts to make best use of expert witness testimony to determine compliance with the VRA, and illustrates how this standard can be empirically implemented with real world data. And, perhaps even more importantly, it provides a roadmap to think sensibly about the complicated question of minority political influence which is germane well beyond the litigation context.
Evolution of the Genomic Recombination Rate in Murid Rodents

Although very closely related species can differ in their fine-scale patterns of recombination hotspots, variation in the average genomic recombination rate among recently diverged taxa has rarely been surveyed. We measured recombination rates in eight species that collectively represent several temporal scales of divergence within a single rodent family, Muridae. We used a cytological approach that enables in situ visualization of crossovers at meiosis to quantify recombination rates in multiple males from each rodent group. We uncovered large differences in genomic recombination rate between rodent species, which were independent of karyotypic variation. The divergence in genomic recombination rate that we document is not proportional to DNA sequence divergence, suggesting that recombination has evolved at variable rates along the murid phylogeny. Additionally, we document significant variation in genomic recombination rate both within and between subspecies of house mice. Recombination rates estimated in F1 hybrids reveal evidence for sex-linked loci contributing to the evolution of recombination in house mice. Our results provide one of the first detailed portraits of genomic-scale recombination rate variation within a single mammalian family and demonstrate that the low recombination rates in laboratory mice and rats reflect a more general reduction in recombination rate across murid rodents.
Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome.

Hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome (HSES) is a devastating symptom complex that affects previously healthy infants and is associated with significant mortality and neurologic morbidity. The syndrome was first reported less than ten years ago, and there continues to be debate regarding whether HSES actually represents a distinct clinical entity or instead is a manifestation of heat illness, occult sepsis or endotoxic shock, or perhaps toxic ingestion. Nevertheless, the signs and symptoms described as HSES present in a typical fashion in the emergency department with sudden onset of shock, encephalopathy, seizures, and coagulopathy Even with the initiation of intensive support in the ED, the outcome is probably dismal. We describe a case of HSES and review the presentation, proposed etiologies, and management of this catastrophic illness.
Synthesis and experimental/theoretical investigation of the high-nuclearity cubic Td [Au6Ni12(CO)24]2− cluster, an initial example of a discrete gold-nickel bimetallic-bonded species: comparative analysis of the results of electron-counting methods and the Fenske-Hall MO model in rationalizing the bonding interactions of its Au6Ni12 core consisting of five face-fused metal octahedra

Abstract Reactions of the [Ni6(CO)12]2− dianion with Ph3PAuCl have led to the isolation and crystallographic/IR/electrochemical characterization of the [Au6Ni12(CO)24]2− dianion (as the [PPh3Me]+ salt). Its idealized Td configuration consists of a central Au6 octahedron which is tetrahedrally linked to four triangular Ni3(CO)3(μ2-CO)3 ligands by the trigonal-antiprismatic (pseudo- octahedral) capping of the four Ni3 triangles on four alternate Au6 triangular faces. The resulting structurally unprecedented Au6Ni12 core may be envisioned either as five face-fused octahedra or as the composite of four Au3Ni3 octahedra joined by the vertex-sharing of each of the six gold atoms between two adjacent Au3Ni3 octahedra. This 18-vertex metal cluster, the first known discrete AuNi bimetallic-bonded species, was obtained in low yields (
GEOPOLITICS AND EMPIRE: VISIONS OF REGIONAL WORLD ORDER IN THE 1940S

This essay examines the influence of geopolitical and imperial thought on theories of international relations in the United States. The paper assesses the thought of Owen Lattimore, a leading American sinologist and political adviser to F. D. Roosevelt and Chiang Kai-shek, and Nicholas John Spykman, an influential international-relations scholar at Yale. In the framework of the Second World War and the "air age", they envisaged a tripolar world order that entailed a new conception of political space and international relations. Lattimore's global geopolitical order sought to replace imperialism with democracy, while Spykman employed geopolitical concepts to envisage a tripolar order of "balanced powers" which built upon - rather than rejected - existing imperial structures. This paper examines their international theories and the policy implications of their thought to claim that 1940s theoretical interdisciplinarity made an important contribution to the development of the discipline of international relations in the United States.
Distribution coefficients for chemical components of a coal-oil/water system

Distribution coefficients (KDS) were measured by equilibrating a coal oil comparative reference material (CRM-1) with water and then separating the oil and water phases. Aqueous phase concentrations were determined by direct analysis of this phase, while organic phase concentrations were determined from the original oil composition by difference. The log K o values obtained for acidic and basic components were generally <3, while those for the neutral components ranged from 3 to 6. For aromatic hydrocarbons, strong correlations were observed between log KD and log Sw (water solubility), and between log K o and log Kow (octanol/water partition coefficient). Alkylated benzenes had significantly higher Kos than did unsubstituted aromatics of similar molecular weight. Examination of homologs revealed an increase of 0.307 IOg KD units per additional carbon atom for polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons having from 10 to 16 carbons. Alkyl substituent effects determined for various sets of homologs ranged from 0.391 to 0.466 log K~ units per --CH 2- group added.
Twin pregnancies with a ‘vanished’ embryo: a higher risk multiple gestation group?

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have documented increased risks to the offspring of IVF singletons that result from a vanished twin pregnancy. We aim to investigate the effect on perinatal outcomes of having an early vanished triplet in IVF twins. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of twins from a large academic IVF practice. Multivariate analysis was performed to examine the perinatal risks--including small for gestational age (SGA), low-birthweight (LBW), preterm delivery and early preterm delivery--in twins that resulted from an early vanished triplet compared with twins without a vanished embryo. RESULTS: Of 829 IVF twin deliveries, 59 were a result of vanished triplet pregnancies (7.1%). There was no significant increase in SGA, LBW or delivery <37 weeks in the vanished triplets compared with other twins; however, the risk of early preterm birth (<32 weeks) was significantly higher (OR 3.09, 95% CI 1.63-5.87) and the length of gestation of these pregnancies was on average 1.5 weeks shorter (P < 0.01). In addition, the unadjusted mean birthweight was lower by nearly 200 g in the vanished triplet pregnancies (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: IVF twin pregnancies with a vanished triplet are at an increased risk for early preterm birth compared with other twin pregnancies. These pregnancies should be recognized at higher risk for early preterm birth and considered for increased obstetrical monitoring. A significant limitation of this study is that the cause for preterm birth was unknown.
Dynamic-Inversion Control for Flight Motion Simulators in the Presence of Model Perturbations

Dynamic-inversion has been shown to be an effective control structure for the nonlinear and multi-bodied dynamics of a flight motion simulator. This paper investigates the robustness of dynamic-inversion control to perturba tions in the dynamics model. In particular, actuator dynamics and viscous friction are considered, and a dynamic-inversion controller is compared to a conventional controller with proportional-derivative plus acceleration feedback. Results indicate the dynamic -inversion controller reduces the angular position error while accepting a larger bandwidth o f motion compared to the conventional controller.
Acute extension block caused by anterior cruciate ligament tear: A case report

Acute knee locking is usually attributed to a displaced meniscus tear. This case involved late diagnosis of mechanical extension block caused by anterior displacement of a torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with impingement in extension. Definitive reconstruction was delayed after debridement of the ACL stump to improve preoperative range of motion. Despite this, the patient still had difficulty regaining extension after surgery. Early treatment of mechanical extension block may facilitate motion recovery after ACL reconstruction.
A Segurança Jurídica na Constituição Norte Americana Não Escrita Analisada Através de Comparações Entre a Teoria de Dworkin, o Constitucionalismo Popular de Larry Kramer e a Moldura Constitucional de Jack Balkin

A perspectiva da seguranca juridica que mais nos interessa neste trabalho e a da necessidade de continuidade e organicidade da ordem juridica, a estabilidade e previsibilidade da vida publica. Tais elementos sao imperativos nao so na atividade legislativa, mas tambem na producao jurisdicional. A ideia de certeza do direito representa um componente indispensavel da essencia do proprio direito em qualquer paradigma juridico moderno. Previsibilidade e estabilidade do sistema como um todo sao dimensoes superiores da seguranca juridica, suas faces mais abstratas, relacionadas a organizacao e manutenncao da vida coletiva, da estrutura da sociedade e do governo, da economia, do direito e da politica.A constituicao nao escrita e fruto influencia da Common Law, mas sofre uma permanente tensao na sua relacao com cosnstituicao escrita. Esta tensao e, por obvio, fruto da particular historia constitucional norte americana.Por estas razoes, somadas ao central papel que a interpretacao recebe nas teorias progressistas dos Estados Unidos, faz-se importante a analise da relacao entre a interpretacao e a seguranca juridica. Para proceder a tal tarefa nos utilizaremos da teoria do direito contemporânea que mais se adapta a vida constitucional americana, a teoria de Dworkin.O constitucionalismo popular, o constitucionalismo vivo, a moldura constitucional e a construcao constitucional, por exemplo, apontam todos para a desconcentracao subjetiva da tarefa interpretativa da constituicao. Claro que elas diferem da forma e do sentido deste movimento, mas todas pretendem a possibilidade de interpretacao constitucional por outros agentes que nao os juizes e legisladores. Ou, por um caminho alternativo, pretendem redimensionar o conteudo da interpretacao constitucional pelo poder judiciario a partir da opiniao publica no debate constitucional. A forma, a intensidade, a liberdade de exercicio da interpretacao, o agente interprete, assim como o papel que a interpretacao teria no sistema variam com as propostas dos autores, mas em todas elas a interpretacao da constituicao e o elemento que inova e que abre espaco para a discussao sobre sua pertinencia e eficacia. Ou seja, e sempre um dos pilares.
Evil robots and helpful droids: a seminar for a junior/senior artificial intelligence course

This paper addresses the creation of a discussion seminar component for an upper-level Artificial Intelligence course for junior and senior Computer Science majors. Its purpose is to contextualize ongoing work in the field within greater social, cultural, and ethical perspectives. Although our program is not ABET-accredited, we use the student outcomes as a roadmap of desirable curriculum content. Assessment of student responses to this material indicates that this is an appropriate way to address the ABET student outcomes that seek to connect Computer Science curricula with societal impact.
Current-Driven Hydrogen Desorption from Graphene: Experiment and Theory

Electron-stimulated desorption of hydrogen from the graphene/SiC(0001) surface at room temperature was investigated with ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio calculations in order to elucidate the desorption mechanisms and pathways. Two different desorption processes were observed. In the high electron energy regime (4–8 eV), the desorption yield is independent of both voltage and current, which is attributed to the direct electronic excitation of the C–H bond. In the low electron energy regime (2–4 eV), however, the desorption yield exhibits a threshold dependence on voltage, which is explained by the vibrational excitation of the C–H bond via transient ionization induced by inelastic tunneling electrons. The observed current independence of the desorption yield suggests that the vibrational excitation is a single-electron process. We also observed that the curvature of graphene dramatically affects hydrogen desorption. Desorption from concave regions was measured to be much more ...
In This Issue: Size Matters

This issue of Annals examines matters of practice and panel size, use of technology by patients and clinicians, new ways of assessing home blood pressures and conducting research, high-risk patient groups, and reflective insights from practicing family physicians. For decades, pundits have
A comparison of agent decommitment techniques in a real-time environment

Decommitment of agents has been studied in the context of self-interested agent societies, primarily using a leveled commitment protocol in which agents committing a breach of contract are penalized in various ways. Limited research has investigated decommitment in collaborative agent populations. This research investigates decommitment in a collaborative agent society, in which agents make decisions and act in a manner which maximizes the global benefit. In this environment, decommitment takes on a different nuance, in that collaborative agent behavior can be expected not to cause harm to the agent society as a whole, even in decisions not to honor prior commitments. The operating environment in this study is both timebounded and resource constrained. This research studies three levels of agent decommitment: 1) no decommitment, 2) unilateral decommitment, and 3) negotiated decommitment. Results indicate that negotiated decommitment generally performed as hypothesized, that is, overall performance was significantly improved over the baseline condition, and, with certain criteria, its performance was significantly improved over the unilateral decommitment condition.
Reflections on Leadership and Ethics in Complex Times

ABSTRACTHow do leaders make and justify decisions during exceedingly complex times? This question is examined through a focus on the roadblocks that leaders themselves throw in the way of their effectiveness; an ethical orientation that seems increasingly lacking; and the growing need for collaboration, clumsy solutions, and organizations dedicated to civil discourse.
Determination of Ethylenethiourea Residues by m-Trifluoromethylbenzyl Derivatization

An improved method was developed for the determination of ethylenethiourea in agricultural products by gas-liquid chromatography with a flame photometric detector.The analytical method consists of five procedures; extraction with ethanol, conversion to the S-(m-trifluoromethylbenzyl) derivative, clean-up by washing with ethylether, N-methane-sulfonylation under basic conditions, and quantitative measurement by GLC.The resulting derivative [2-(m-trifluoromethyl) benzyl thio-1-methanesulfonyl 2-imidazoline] was stable for a month at room temperature and was detectable at a level of 0.01ppm in agricultural products.By this method, recoveries of ethylenethiourea from fifteen agricultural products fortified at a level of 0.2ppm averaged 89.0%.For the confirmation of ethylenethiourea, the use of the N-ethanesulfonylated S-(m-trifluoromethylbenzyl) derivative was preferable.
Parabiosis as a test for circulating antibodies in cancer

Sauerbruch and Heyde have united animals side by side, with an opening between the peritoneal cavities and suture of the apposed skin and connective tissue. They find that healing between two individuals thus joined brings with it a considerable physiological intimacy. Ranzi and Ehrlich, following them, have demonstrated that circulating antibodies pass with ease from one of such a pair to the other. On this evidence it seems possible to utilize the condition (parabiosis) for experiments on the question of the existence or non-existence of circulating antibodies for cancer. Accordingly, I have united white rats with a growing tumor, the result of transplantation, to others which had proved themselves resistant to the same type of neoplasm. Careful watch was kept for signs of retarded development or retrogression in the tumors thus brought under the continued influence of blood from a resistant animal, but no alteration of the sort was observed. The growths extended with the same rapidity as those in contr...
Recurrent Spells of Unresponsiveness Secondary to Bilateral Carotid Stenosis Caused by Giant Cell Arteritis (P4.373)

Objective: To identify unusual presentations of non-atherosclerotic arteriopathies Background: Occlusive lesions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) constitute the commonest cause of cerebrovascular accidents. They are usually atherosclerotic in origin, however, occasionally other causes such as dissection, fibromuscular dysplasia, or a vasculitic process may be etiogenic. Bilateral ICA stenosis is a particularly devastating condition with an annual stroke rate of 7.6[percnt] per year and an annual mortality of 43[percnt]. Methods: A 63-year-old man presented with of recurrent spells of falling to the ground triggered by an upright position. This was at times associated with shaking of the extremities. No epileptogenic or cardiac etiology was found. A CT angiogram showed over 90[percnt] stenosis of the bilateral internal carotid arteries at the siphon. He was recently diagnosed with giant cell arteritis . He was placed on prednisone, and antiplatelets. Results: The patient9s constitutional symptoms and jaw claudication improved on prednisone but he continued to have the episodes of altered consciousness with brief jerking of the limbs. A brief course of anticoagulation was tried with some improvement but no resolution of his episodes. Bilateral angioplasty of his carotid arteries was performed with resolution of his symptoms. Other stroke risk factors were addressed. Conclusions: The presence of bilateral carotid stenosis in patients with GCA is strongly associated with future risk of neurologic deficits. A vertebrobasilar steal syndrome may be a manifestation of bilateral, severe carotid stenosis. It may be difficult to separate atherosclerotic lesions from vasculitic lesions related to GCA, however, the presence of localized focal stenosis with relatively healthy arteries above and below the lesions may point to a vasculitic process. Rigorous attention should be given to modification of atherosclerotic risk factors as well as recognizing and treating the rare manifestation of GCA. Disclosure: Dr. Wahba has nothing to disclose.
The model of two-phase filteration for condensate oil-gas in multi-layered gas reservoir and application

Based on condensate gas characteristics of phase transformation, and gas well output, well bore storage is changeable in practical production. This paper has built a new model of unsteady state filteration for condensate oil-gas in multi-layered gas reservoir. The model belongs to one category of the initial-boundary value problem of the parabolic equation. In this paper, the gas reservoir filtration problem with three kinds of typical outlet-boundary conditions is studied, that is, infinite boundary, finite closed boundary and finite boundary with constant pressure. The new model's application is also given.
A "Not Particularly Felicitous" Phrase: A History of the "Behavioral Sciences" Label

The article reconstructs the history of the "behavioral sciences" label, from scattered interwar use through to the decisive embrace of the newly prominent Ford Foundation in the early Cold War. The rapid uptake of the label, the article concludes, was the result of the Ford Foundation’s 1951 decision to name its social science unit the “Behavioral Sciences Program” (BSP). With Ford’s encouragement, the term was widely adopted by quantitative social scientists eager to tap the foundation’s social science funds. The label’s newness and its link to the gigantic foundation’s initiative generated much suspicion and resistance as well.
Mechanical behaviour of scaled-down unsupported tunnel walls in hard rock under high stress

Abstract A large number of scaled-down tunnel experiments were undertaken to investigate the response of unsupported walls to an increased stress field. The experiments were undertaken in 200 mm diameter tunnels that were drilled into intact rock blocks of sandstone and granite ranging in strength from moderately strong to very strong. The tunnels were loaded by a servo-controlled, 450 tonne capacity INSTRON compression testing machine. As the ratio of intact rock strength to induced stress decreased, the unsupported tunnel walls became increasingly unstable. Critical ratios of compressive strength to induced stress were determined for critical instability stages such as tunnel spalling and also pillar crushing adjacent to the tunnels. The physical models have been simulated using three-dimensional finite element modelling. The values of the critical ratios correlate well with underground observations of full scale tunnels with similar Uniaxial Compressive Strength materials. Dynamic ejection velocities similar to those calculated from back analysis of actual failures have been determined. In addition, the seismic responses prior and during key failure stages have been established as a function of the increased loadings.
Device physics at the scaling limit: what matters? [MOSFETs]

This paper reviews our efforts to use theory and simulation to understand the device physics of nanoscale MOSFETs. The essential physics of MOSFETs at the scaling limit are discussed, and unresolved theoretical issues and technological ones that limit device performance and ultimate scaling are identified.
Care Provision and Prescribing Practices of Physicians Treating Children and Adolescents With ADHD

Objective:Care provision and prescribing practices of physicians treating children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were compared.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted with the 1995–2010 General Electric Centricity Electronic Medical Record database. The sample included children (≤18 years) with newly diagnosed ADHD (ICD-9-CM code 314.XX) who received a prescription for a stimulant or atomoxetine. Identification of comorbid psychiatric disorders, duration from initial ADHD diagnosis to treatment, prescription of other psychotropic medications, and follow-up care during the ten months after the ADHD treatment initiation were compared across provider type (primary care physicians [PCPs], child psychiatrists, and physicians with an unknown specialty). The associations between provider type and practice variations were further determined by multivariate logistic regression accounting for patient demographic characteristics, region, insurance type, and prior mental health care ...
Isolated Transverse Process Fractures and Markers of Associated Injuries: The Experience at University of California, Los Angeles.

Abstract Objectives To report a single-institution experience with isolated transverse process fractures (ITPFs) and provide increasing support for the development of evidence-based guidelines. Additionally, the authors evaluate the presence of concerning symptoms or red flags that may indicate additional, underlying injuries in the setting of ITPFs. Methods The Ronald Reagan UCLA Medical Center patient database was queried (years 2005 to 2016) using International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code 805: fracture of the vertebral column without mention of spinal cord injury. Results A total of 129 patients with ITPFs were identified. Mean age was 38.1 years (range 15-92 years). Females were more likely to present with abdominal pain and associated kidney injury (p=0.018 and p=0.012, respectively). Motor vehicle accident (MVA) was the most common mechanism of injury (n=81, 62.8%) and was associated with thoracic (p=0.032) and lower extremity pain/injury (p=0.005). Back pain was the most common presenting symptom (n=71, 64.6%) and was associated with intraabdominal and lower extremity injuries (p=0.032 and p=0.016, respectively). Chest and neck pain were associated with vascular injuries (p Conclusion Several factors were identified as significant markers of associated injuries, including female sex, MVA, and presenting symptoms. Neck and chest pain were significantly associated with vascular injuries. Clinicians should maintain high indices of suspicion for associated injuries in patients with ITPFs, especially after high-velocity mechanisms.
Beyond Restoration: Planting Coastal Infrastructure

The following research project proposes a model whereby the biological arrangement of plants in space and over time can lead to a new paradigm using the modification of coastal ecologies, to move beyond restoration, ultimately dissolving the limiting dichotomy between green and grey infrastructure.
Carbon and nitrogen environmental trade-offs of winter rye cellulosic biomass in the Chesapeake Watershed

Abstract Cellulosic biomass from winter crops can complement maize stover harvested from maize (Zea mays L.) – soybean (Glycine max L.) rotations. In this study, we assessed on-field environmental impacts related to carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) by modeling representative agro-ecological conditions prevalent in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. We used the biophysical model Cycles to simulate management scenarios for maize-soybean cropping systems that included winter rye (Secale cereale L.). The model was used to quantify changes in N losses via nitrate leaching (NO3), emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3), changes in soil organic carbon, and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per megajoule (CO2eq MJ− 1). Including winter rye in the rotation reduced NO3 leaching over a winter fallow control (77% on average), even when the winter rye was fertilized and regardless of whether stover, winter rye, or both cellulosic feedstocks were harvested. Applying fertilizer to winter rye did however increase NO3 leaching as well as NH3 and N2O emissions. Model results consistently showed fertilizing the winter rye improved both biomass yield and soil C levels compared to unfertilized winter rye, regardless of location, soil, fertilizer type or stover harvest. While it is difficult to simultaneously reduce agricultural nitrogen losses, produce renewable energy and increase soil carbon, results can guide management of these trade-offs while tapping into an abundant energy resource and reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Spatial and temporal scheduling of clock arrival times for IR hot-spot mitigation, reformulation of peak current reduction

This paper, formulates a novel technique that explores on-chip IR drop reduction and instantaneous demanded peak-current reduction simultaneously. Proposed solution leverages unused timing slacks, and schedules the clock arrival times to relax the peak current which is delivered through each via-stack in the on-chip IR hot-spots. In addition, this paper formulates and introduces a new evaluation metric which aids us in assessing the improvement in the voltage-noise gaurdband after application of the proposed mitigation technique. The strength of the proposed IR mitigation technique is that, in addition to timing information, it considers the power delivery network and cell placement information while scheduling the clock arrival times to achieve the best results. Application of the proposed solution to a selected IWLS benchmarks reduces the peak dynamic IR-drop by ∼49%, and the peak demanded current by ∼44%.
Altruism and Collectivism: An Exploratory Study in Four Cultures:

This exploratory study tries to interpret the results of a test of altruism among almost 200 children from four small-scale societies in Belize, Kenya, Nepal, and American Samoa. Samoan children an...
The Functions of Social Bonds: Perspectives From Research on Social Support, Loneliness and Social Isolation

Social bonds have long been considered essential for healthy functioning (Durkheim, 1897/1951; Faris, 1934; Murray, 1938), but this idea has been elaborated and tested most extensively in the past decade. Why this topic has captured so much attention at this point in history is an interesting question (cf., Gottlieb, 1983a). What is most clear is that researchers from quite diverse disciplines are actively working to understand how social bonds affect well-being. Interest in this topic is reflected in three different lines of work: research on social support, loneliness and social isolation. Studies of social support suggest that social relationships facilitate adjustment to stressful life circumstances and thereby decrease vulnerability to stress-related disorders. Research on loneliness emphasizes basic human needs for satisfying social ties and suggests that the absence or disruption of social bonds is in itself a cause of emotional distress. Sociological analyses of social isolation suggest that social relationships serve to inhibit deviant behavior as well as to provide support and companionship. This research has linked social isolation to psychopathology and to increased mortality due to alcoholism and suicide.