cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality of Life in Women With Heart Failure, Normative Groups, and Patients With Other Chronic Conditions

• BACKGROUND In the United States, 2.5 million women have heart failure, yet little is known about their quality of life. Because most studies included small samples of women, the results are not generalizable. • OBJECTIVE To compare the quality of life of women with heart failure with that of a normative group and with that of women with other chronic conditions. • METHODS Descriptive techniques were applied to baseline data collected in the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction trials to characterize quality of life in women with heart failure (n = 691). Global quality of life and the quality-of-life dimensions of physical function, emotional distress, social health, and general health were measured by using the Ladder of Life, items from the Profile of Mood States Inventory, the Functional Status Questionnaire, the Beta Blocker Heart Attack Trial instrument, and an item from the RAND Medical Outcomes Study instrument. • RESULTS Compared with the normative group of women, women with heart failure had significantly lower global quality of life; worse vigor, intermediate activities of daily living, social activity, and general health ratings; and higher ratings for anxiety and depression. Fewer than half of the women with heart failure felt that they were healthy enough to perform normal activities. • CONCLUSIONS Women with heart failure have worse quality of life than do normative populations and patients with other chronic diseases such as hypertension, Parkinson disease, and cancer. (American Journal of Critical Care. 2002;11:211-219)
Affinities of Three Vagrant Cave Swallows from Eastern North America

Abstract We analyzed the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of three vagrant Cave Swallow (Petrochelidon fulva) specimens from Illinois, New York, and New Jersey and compared them to published sequences from across the breeding range of the species. All three specimens were assigned to the southwestern United States/Mexico subspecies (P. f. pallida group) on the basis of plumage coloration. Molecular results reveal that all three birds possess unique and novel mitochondrial haplotypes that are closely related to haplotypes from known P. f. pallida individuals. None of the three haplotypes from the vagrant individuals is within the monophyletic clade of haplotypes that corresponds to the Caribbean subspecies (P. f. fulva).
The efficacy of orally dosed ketamine and ketamine/medetomidine compared with intramuscular ketamine in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and the effects of dosing route on haematological stress markers.

Background This study compared the efficacy of two orally-dosed (PO) anaesthetic regimens for chemical immobilization in rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta), versus the standard protocol of intramuscular (TM) ketamine. In addition, the effects of dosing route on haematological stress markers were evaluated. Methods Testing was conducted on 18 chronically housed animals. Animals were trained to accept oral dosing and then randomly assigned to one of three drug regimens: (1) ketamine IM, (2) ketamine PO, (3) Ketamine/medetomidine PO. Sedation levels for each regimen were evaluated. Results Oral dosing alone was not sufficient to achieve a plane of sedation that allowed for safe handling. Serum cortisol and glucose levels were unchanged across groups, although differences were observed in the leukogram profiles. Conclusion The oral dosages used in this study fell short in providing adequate sedation for safe handling for routine veterinary procedures. Leukogram profiles indicated that orally dosed animals experienced a higher level of stress.
Gastro-Intestinal Absorption of Lead in Children and Adults: Overview of Biological and Biophysico-Chemical Aspects

AbstractIntake and uptake of lead in the general population is mainly via the gastro-intestinal (Gl) tract. Those biological and biophysico-chemical factors operating in the Gl tract are the main determinants of Pb bioavailability. They include sites of Pb uptake, the physiology of uptake/transport to blood, the stage of development, interactions of Pb with nutrients, and Gl biochemical transformations of ingested material. Lead uptake occurs as ion or complex, from micelles and perhaps by pinocytosis in the infant. Uptake is mainly via the duodenum but other sites can participate, e.g. ileum (pinocytosis) and colon. Transport to blood is by active, carrier-mediated transport and passive diffusion. Uptake may include movement through intercellular tight junctions.Lead uptake is affected by nutrients in the Gl tract, operating synergistically or antagonistically. Iron and calcium interactions are most important and augment those also occurring in vivo in tissues.Liberation of lead from diverse ingested med...
Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up: An Intervention for Parents at Risk of Maltreating Their Infants and Toddlers

When young children are abused or neglected, they have difficulty regulating behavior, physiology, and emotions. The parents of these children especially need to provide nurturing, synchronous, and non-frightening care. It is critical that parents behave in nurturing ways so that children develop secure, organized attachments, that they behave in contingent responsive ways to enhance the development of adequate regulatory capabilities, and that they avoid frightening behavior which undermines children’s ability to develop organized attachments and regulatory capabilities. Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up (ABC) was developed to target these three issues. This chapter provides an overview of ABC, examples of the process of treatment and a description of progress toward treatment success. A case is presented that documents the progression of a maltreated child in ABC, and its value as a mental health treatment is described.
The Amygdala in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Over the past decade, neuroimaging studies have yielded important insights into the function of the amygdala in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The results of these studies are presented here. Because neurocircuitry models of PTSD also emphasize the role of the medial prefrontal cortex, findings regarding that brain region are discussed as well. The reviewed studies suggest that (1) the amygdala is hyperresponsive to both trauma-related and unrelated stimuli in PTSD, (2) amygdala activation is positively correlated with PTSD symptom severity and, in some studies, inversely correlated with medial prefrontal cortex function, (3) symptom reduction after treatment is associated with decreased amygdala activation and increased medial prefrontal cortex activation, and (4) medial prefrontal cortex is hyporesponsive in PTSD, perhaps reflecting diminished inhibitory control over the amygdala. All of this information suggests that the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex play important roles in the pathogenesis or maintenance of this disorder. Limitations and future directions of this research are discussed.
Familial Regional Enteritis

Summary Six cases of regional enteritis in two family groups, father and son and brother, father and daughter and sister, are reported. In one family the son got his symptoms about the same time as his uncle, but about 12 years before his father. In the other family, daughter and father began to have symptoms about the same time.
Human Pattern Evoked Retinal Response (PERR): Spatial Tuning and Development

Prior investigations of the PERR have noted an absence of low spatial frequency cut-off which has been interpreted to indicate an absence of lateral inhibitory processes in the retinal structures giving rise to PERR.
Living in a Connected World

Since its early conceptualizations, the notion of interactivity has been evaluated from a variety of standpoints and frameworks and has been widely applied to digital technologies and the Internet. Recent research has examined new forms of connectedness and explored the nature of digitally mediated relationships in a variety of settings, ranging from immersive virtual environments to blogs, social networks, news websites, and consumer review sites. Contributors to this volume of the International Journal of Interactive Communication Systems and Technologies address a range of important issues associated with the proliferation of connectivity in a global society, including the use of mobile devices, and the role of digital technologies in social, personal, legal, and political contexts.
Chloro- and Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Flanking-Ring m-Terphenyl Isocyanides: η6-Arene Binding to Zero-Valent Molybdenum Centers and Comparison to Alkyl-Substituted Derivatives

Presented herein are synthetic and structural studies exploring the propensity of m-terphenyl isocyanide ligands to provide flanking-ring η6-arene interactions to zerovalent molybdenum centers. The alkyl-substituted m-terphenyl isocyanides CNArMes2 and CNArDipp2 (ArMes2 = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3; ArDipp2 = 2,6-(2,6-(i-Pr)2C6H3)2C6H3) react with Mo(η6-napthalene)2 in a 3:1 ratio to form tris-isocyanide η6-arene Mo complexes, in which a flanking mesityl or 2,6-diisopropylphenyl group, respectively, of one isocyanide ligand is bound to the zerovalent molybdenum center. Thermal stability and reactivity studies show that these flanking ring η6-arene interactions are particularly robust. To weaken or prevent formation of a flanking-ring η6-arene interaction, and to potentially provide access to the coordinatively unsaturated [Mo(CNArR)3] fragment, the new halo-substituted m-terphenyl isocyanides CNArClips2 and CNArDArF2 (ArClips = 2,6-(2,6-Cl2C6H3)2(4-t-Bu)C6H2; ArDArF2 = 2,6-(3,5-(CF3)2C6H3)2C6H3) have been p...
The Taxonomy of the Carex bicknellii Group (Cyperaceae) and New Species for Central North America

Based on morphology and karyology, we found the eastern North American species Carex bicknellii (sect. Ovales) to be a complex of four spe- cies. We describe two new species, C. missouriensis and C. shinnersii, and raise one variety, C. bicknellii var. opaca, to species rank as C. opaca. The three species segregated from C. bicknellii have lower chromosome numbers: n = 23 II + 1 III to 27 II for C. missouriensis, n = 29 II + 1 III to 30 II for C. shinnersii, and n = 32 II + 1 III to 34 II for C. opaca. All three species are characterized by large tussocks, herbaceous textured foliage and smooth sheaths, and long apiculum on the achenes; they occupy hydric habitats. Carex missouriensis, a spe- cies characterized by awned pistillate scales, grows in remnant prairie swales from western Indiana to southeastern Nebraska. Carex opaca, with blunt scales and large perigynia, has a narrow distribu- tion mostly limited to the periphery of the Ozark Mountain system. Carex shinnersii, with acuminate but unawned scales and perigynia smaller than C. opaca and C. missouriensis, ranges from northern Texas to southern Kansas. This last species is also contrasted with C. brevior, a species with similar morphology and overlapping range. Carex bicknellii in the strict sense is morphologically similar to the northeastern species C. merritt-fernaldii. They both have few culms per tussock, coriaceous foliage with papillose sheaths, papery, erose-margined perigyn- ia, achenes with a very short apiculum, and rela- tively high chromosome numbers (n = 35 II to 39 II). These two species differ in characters of the anther, achene, and perigynium. They occupy more or less xeric habitats, especially in the Central Plains of the United States (C. bicknellii) and south- ern Canada eastward from the Great Lakes region
Digital deconvolution filter derived from linear discriminant analysis and application for multiphoton fluorescence microscopy.

A digital filter derived from linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is developed for recovering impulse responses in photon counting from a high speed photodetector (rise time of ∼1 ns) and applied to remove ringing distortions from impedance mismatch in multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. Training of the digital filter was achieved by defining temporally coincident and noncoincident transients and identifying the projection within filter-space that best separated the two classes. Once trained, data analysis by digital filtering can be performed quickly. Assessment of the reliability of the approach was performed through comparisons of simulated voltage transients, in which the ground truth results were known a priori. The LDA filter was also found to recover deconvolved impulses for single photon counting from highly distorted ringing waveforms from an impedance mismatched photomultiplier tube. The LDA filter was successful in removing these ringing distortions from two-photon excited fluorescence microgra...
RECENT ADVANCES IN STUDY OF URIC ACID METABOLISM AND GOUT.

Increased understanding of the pathogenesis of acute gout has developed in the past few years. Investigators have indicated that an attack is precipitated by (1) deposition of sodium urate crystals, (2) development of an inflammatory reaction against these crystals, and (3) propagation of the inflammatory response by addition of more crystals to inflamed area.The nature of the inborn metabolic errors of primary gout is still obscure. Studies point to a dual cause of the hyperuricemia. Until more evidence is accumulated, it seems useful to separate patients into two categories: those with overproduction and those with normal production of uric acid.
Clinical Features and Prognosis Analysis of Neuromyelitis Optica in Children

Objective To investigate the clinical feature,treatment response and prognosis in children with neuromyelitis optica(NMO),in order to improve the recognition of NMO.Methods A retrospective study of 7 children with NMO was performed.All of them were admitted and diagnosis in Tianjin Children's Hospital from Apr.1997 to May 2010.The clinical features,laboratory tests,imaging modalities,treatment response and prognosis were all collected and evaluated.Results There were 2 boys and 5 girls in the 7 patients with NMO,and the ratio of male to female was 1.03.5.The onset was from 17 months to 15 years old,with average age at 10 years old.Among 3 cases,optica neuritis were initial symptoms.The distance between neuromyelitis and optica neuritis was 1 day to 7 months,with average 8 days.Bilateral optic neuritis were in 5 cases.Complete transverse myelitis was dominant in 5 cases.Visual evoked potential(VEP) were all examined abnormal.The thoracic spinal cord were involved in all 7 cases.Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) with T2 signal abnormality of the spinal cord extending over 4 to 11 vertebral segments,with average 7 vertebral segments.Brain MRI lesions were found in 1 case,and another case was found positive serum autoantibodies.The number of cerebrospinal fluid cells increased slightly in 3 cases.Seven cases were treated with intravenous methylprednisolone,and following with oral prednisone.Three cases of them were also given intravenous immunoglobulin,1 case was given azathioprine.Neuromyelitis and optica neuritis symptoms were improved in 6 cases,despite 1 case gave up.Long-term follow-up showed 2 cases had relapsing disease,characterized by recurrent attacks of optica neuritis,or both neuromyelitis and optica neuritis.Conclusions NMO can occur in very young children,and some is relapsing NMO.Finding subclinical abnormality and follow-up are necessary.
Social construction as grounding; or: fundamentality for feminists, a reply to Barnes and Mikkola

Feminist metaphysics is guided by the insight that gender is socially constructed, yet the metaphysics behind social construction remains obscure. Barnes and Mikkola charge that current metaphysical frameworks—including my grounding framework—are hostile to feminist metaphysics. I argue that not only is a grounding framework hospitable to feminist metaphysics, but also that a grounding framework can help shed light on the metaphysics behind social construction. By treating social construction claims as grounding claims, the feminist metaphysician and the social ontologist both gain a way to integrate social construction claims into a general metaphysics, while accounting for the inferential connections between social construction and attendant notions such as dependence and explanation. So I conclude that a grounding framework can be helpful for feminist metaphysics and social ontology.
Protecting Youth’s Right to Engage Media: Sexting

Teenage sexting is a growing phenomenon and is common in high schools all over the country. With teenage sexting on the rise, lawmakers, judges, and prosecutors have crafted legal responses to the potential problems caused by teen sexting. Nearly all “solutions” have been rooted in criminal law, including prosecuting minors for sexting under existing child pornography laws. However, punishing teenagers for participating in consensual sexting acts against the best interest of minors. Laws relating to sexual consent generally permit some form of sexual activity among adolescents and it should be consistent between sexual activity and sexting. Consensual teen sexting cases should be removed from criminal justice systems and legislatures should enact statutes decriminalizing consensual sexting between minors, and perhaps consensual sexting between a minor and an individual within 3 years of age of the minor. This will ensure that parties may recover from the harms associated with exploitative sexting, while minors will not be prosecuted for engaging in sexting with other minors. In place of criminalizing minors, schools and parents should work together to implement an effective sexting education regime. In schools, this could be incorporated in previously existing courses or initiatives. Since parents do not have all the necessary information to teach their child about sexting, or detect if their child is involved in an exploitative sexting situation, schools should educate parents about the reality and dangers of sexting.
Mixed Ionic/Electronic Conducting Surface Layers Adsorbed on Colloidal Silica for Flow Battery Applications

Slurry based electrodes have shown promise as an energy dense and scalable storage technology for electrochemical flow batteries. Key to their efficient operation is the use of a conductive additive which allows for volumetric charging and discharging of the electrochemically active species contained within the electrodes. Carbon black is commonly used for this purpose due to the relatively low concentrations needed to maintain electrical percolation. While carbon black supplies the desirable electrical properties for the application, it contributes detrimentally to the rheology characteristics of these concentrated suspensions. In this work, we develop a synthesis protocol to produce inorganic oxide particles with electrostatically adsorbed poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene):polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Using a combination of small angle neutron scattering (SANS), electron microscopy, and thin-film conductivity, we show that the synthesis scheme provides a flexible platform to form conductive PEDOT:PS...
Morphology of visual sector thalamic reticular neurons in the macaque monkey suggests retinotopically specialized, parallel stream-mixed input to the lateral geniculate nucleus

The thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is a unique brain structure at the interface between the thalamus and the cortex. Because the TRN receives bottom-up sensory input and top-down cortical input, it could serve as an integration hub for sensory and cognitive signals. Functional evidence supports broad roles for the TRN in arousal, attention, and sensory selection. How specific circuits connecting the TRN with sensory thalamic structures implement these functions is not known. The structural organization and function of the TRN is particularly interesting in the context of highly organized sensory systems, such as the primate visual system, where neurons in the retina and dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus (dLGN) are morphologically and physiologically distinct and also specialized for processing particular features of the visual environment. To gain insight into the functional relationship between the visual sector of the TRN and the dLGN, we reconstructed a large number of TRN neurons that were retrogradely labeled following injections of rabies virus expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) into the dLGN. An independent cluster analysis, based on 10 morphological metrics measured for each reconstructed neuron, revealed three clusters of TRN neurons that differed in cell body shape and size, dendritic arborization patterns, and medial-lateral position within the TRN. TRN dendritic and axonal morphologies are inconsistent with visual stream-specific projections to the dLGN. Instead, TRN neuronal organization could facilitate transmission of global arousal and/or cognitive signals to the dLGN with retinotopic precision that preserves specialized processing of foveal versus peripheral visual information. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:1273-1290, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acidogenicity and acid tolerance of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis isolated from plaque of healthy and incipient caries teeth.

Background : Non-mutans low pH oral streptococci are postulated to contribute to caries etiology. Objective : This study was undertaken to investigate whether the acidogenicity and acid tolerance of clinical strains of Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mitis correlate with health or early-stage enamel caries. Design : S. oralis and S. mitis were isolated from plaque samples taken from the occlusal surfaces of second molars sampled at two different visits 4 years apart. All sites were sound at Visit 1; subjects were segregated into one of three groups based on the status of the site at Visit 2 and caries elsewhere in the dentition. Strains of S. oralis and S. mitis were evaluated for acidogenicity and acid tolerance, and the results correlated with the clinical status of the sites from which they were isolated. Mutans streptococci (MS) isolated from the plaque samples were also quantified, and the presence or absence of growth on pH 5.5 media or on media selective for bifidobacteria was recorded. Results : No significant positive correlations were found between the acidogenicity properties of the S. oralis and S. mitis clones and caries at either visit. Similar results were obtained for acid tolerance of S. oralis clones but were inconclusive for S. mitis clones. A statistically significant positive correlation between MS levels and caries (or future caries) was evident at both visits, but there were no statistical correlations with the growth on pH 5.5 media or media selective for bifidobacteria. Conclusions : The low pH potential likely varies considerably among oral streptococcal species and is least likely to be found among strains of S. mitis . Accordingly, the concept and constitution of ‘low pH streptococci’ may need to be re-evaluated. Keywords: dental plaque; mutans streptococci; cariogenicity; oral microbiota; acidogenicity; acid tolerance (Published: 26 October 2016) Citation: Journal of Oral Microbiology 2016, 8: 32940 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/jom.v8.32940
Reading as a Group Process Phenomenon: A Theoretical Framework for Bibliotherapy.

Based on Shrodes’s (1949) model of bibiiotherapy and Yalom’s (1985) research on the therapeutic factors in group therapy, this paper presents a unifying theoretical framework for bibiiotherapy. Research and practice implications are drawn for both individual and group therapy.
Negotiating the Researcher: Interstitial, Appropriated, and Digital Identities in Media Production Ethnography

While all people form, exhibit, and use multiple identities, the hybridity of identity plays an integral role in the production of ethnographic knowledge. This article explores three critical tensions concerning researcher identity in media production ethnographies. First, I argue ethnographer identity is interstitial, situated at the margins of contesting and, at times, divergent selves. Second, while researchers privilege certain selves and favor particular agendas, others can appropriate and promote certain aspects of the researcher’s identity to serve strategic purposes. Finally, the rise of digital and social media has complicated traditional notions of identity management and ‘the field’ and provides new opportunities for participants to study the researcher. Thus, while acts of identity are exertions of power, that power can be harnessed and enacted by both researchers and participants.
Dynamical Evolution of the Early Solar System

Several properties of the Solar System, including the wide radial spacing of the giant planets, can be explained if planets radially migrated by exchanging orbital energy and momentum with outer di...
Simultaneous Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy and Baclofen Pump Removal Improve Ambulation in Patients with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.

BACKGROUND Intrathecal baclofen (ITB) administration via an implanted programmable pump and selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) are both used for the treatment of cerebral palsy (CP) spasticity. OBJECTIVE To examine whether SDR can improve ambulation in children who have been receiving ITB therapy for spastic cerebral palsy. METHODS We reviewed 13 patients who received prior ITB placement with subsequent simultaneous SDR and ITB removal. Patients also completed a follow-up survey to document long-term motor function. RESULTS In our 13-patient cohort, patients received ITB treatment for an average of 4.4 [Formula: see text] 1.8 years and the mean age of ITB removal/SDR was 12.5 [Formula: see text] 5.8 years. The follow-up period ranged from 3 to 19 months (mean duration: 6.9 [Formula: see text] 5 months). Pre-operatively, all patients had Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) scores between 2 and 4. Nine patients were diagnosed with spastic diplegia, two had spastic triplegia and two had spastic quadriplegia. SDR and ITB removal led to improved lower limb spasticity and ambulation. GMFCS scores remained stable in all patients. One patient developed a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection in the abdominal wall due to a CSF leak from the baclofen pump site. All 11 patients who completed the follow-up survey noted improved motor function. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that SDR can reduce spasticity and improve mobility after years of ITB treatment for spastic cerebral palsy.
Radiative instability of quantum electrodynamics in chiral matter

Abstract Modification of the photon dispersion relation in chiral matter enables 1 → 2 scattering. As a result, the single fermion and photon states are unstable to photon radiation and pair production respectively. In particular, a fast fermion moving through chiral matter can spontaneously radiate a photon, while a photon can spontaneously radiate a fast fermion and anti-fermion pair. The corresponding spectra are derived in the ultra-relativistic approximation. It is shown that the polarization of the produced and decayed photons is determined by the sign of the chiral conductivity. Impact of a flat thin domain wall on the spectra is computed.
New framework for automatic identification and quantification of freeway bottlenecks based on wavelet analysis

AbstractAs the amount of traffic congestion continues to grow, pinpointing freeway bottleneck locations and quantifying their impacts are crucial activities for traffic management and control. Amon...
Adaptation and Generalization

In Chapter 6 we transformed CHAMP from a bottom-up parser to a least-deviant-first parser by adding error recovery to the system. While error recovery allows CHAMP to accept a larger language than the kernel grammar alone, the average cost of acceptance (and rejection) increases; although we apply constraints at every opportunity, the fact is that search expanded to a non-zero deviation-level is always larger than a grammatical search would be for the same utterance. If we can modify the grammar to recognize a deviant form directly, subsequent encounters with that deviation will not require error recovery at all. Thus, future sentences containing the deviation will succeed at lower deviation-levels, requiring less search. Giving CHAMP the ability to learn new grammatical components transforms the system from a simple least-deviant-first parser to a least-deviant-first adaptiveparser.
Growth requirements of Haemophilus vaginalis.

A medium, composed of peptone, maltose, dextrose and phosphate buffer, which supports good growth ofHaemophilus vaginalis has been devised. Growth was about equally good with soluble starch substituted for maltose. Optimal growth occurred in the media adjusted to pH 6.8 before sterilization and the media sterilized at 112 C for 12 minutes supported better growth than did corresponding media sterilized at 121 C for 15 minutes. The organisms grew both aerobically and anaerobically. For growth in a semi-defined medium, containing enzymatically hydrolyzed vitamin-free casein, inorganic salts, carbohydrates and six purine and pyrimidine bases, the organisms were found to require the following B-vitamins: thiamine · HCl, riboflavin, niacin (or niacinamide), pteroylglutamic acid, and biotin. They failed to grow in the above medium lacking purine and pyrimidine bases, but the single omission of any one of the six bases (adenine sulfate, guanine·HCl, cytosine, uracil, thymine, and xanthine) except adenine sulfate did not affect growth of either strain tested. One strain failed to grow in the medium lacking adenine sulfate. Since the strains investigated, including the type, do not require X and/or V factors or otherwise definable coenzymelike substances, they do not qualify as members of the genusHaemophilus on the basis of its current circumscription. Thus, reconsideration must be given to the classification of the organisms now known asHaemophilus vaginalis.
RESPONSIVENESS OF HEMATOPOIETIC TISSUE TO ERYTHROPOIETIN IN RELATION TO THE TIME OF ADMINISTRATION AND DURATION OF ACTION OF THE HORMONE.

Following the injection of erythropoietin either in a single large dose or in multiple doses, a change in the responsiveness of the hematopoietic tissue occurs. The fact that different doses of erythropoietin stimulate erythropoiesis to the same extent when the action of the hormone is limited to 6 hours by the injection of antibody suggests that the stem cells are receptive to the action of erythropoietin only at some limited time in their individual life cycle. It is suggested that this period is sometime after metaphase and before the commencement of DNA synthesis in the interphase state of individual stem cells. It is further suggested that the increased responsiveness of the hematopoietic tissue to erythropoietin following injection is due to recruitment of stem cells into this receptive state. This recruitment may be due to both the division of stem cells and the movement of cells through cell cycle into the receptive state. The results are discussed in relation to two recent models of stem cell kinetics.
The Influence of Impurities on the Dielectric Losses of Poly (2, 6-Dimethyl-1, 4-Phenylene Ether)

Impurities can modify the dielectric loss of non-polar polymers in three ways — (1) by giving rise to ionic losses, (2) by modifying the intrinsic low loss characteristics of the polymers, and (3) by modifying the losses that result upon oxidation. We have attempted to shed some light on these areas by studying the polymer poly (2,6- dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) at frequencies from 0.05 Hz to 10 kHz at temperatures from room temperature to 230°C. Experimental samples of the polymer prepared differently have been examined and others have been “cleaned-up” by solvent extraction, acid washes, passage through activated alumina, etc. The low frequency losses, which increase rapidly at temperatures above 100°C, are most affected. We are able to attribute these directly to ionic conduction, and remnant catalysts have been identified as the primary source. At the glass transition temperature of the polymer, an activation energy for conduction exhibits a sharp change, which is considered due to a change in the energetics of the diffusion of ions in the glass and rubber phases. An order-of-magnitude calculation suggests as a model a very weakly dissociating system in the low dielectric constant polymer matrix. Though all are relatively low in magnitude, the intrinsic low-loss characteristics of these experimental samples vary considerably. We have been able to identify the role of impurities in such variations, but the origin has not yet been precisely established. Oxidation studies have provided evidence for more than one dissociating species in the polymer. The procedures for separating the different sources of loss and of identifying them are explained.
Can a Machine Fit an Applicant To Continuing Education

The emphasis on radical and fundamental questions by the College Board Commission on Tests is discussed. What was once “admission” to a well-defined higher stage of education is now seen as a proce...
Microcystin concentrations can be predicted with phytoplankton biomass and watershed morphology

Anthropogenically derived increases in nutrient loads and climate change are considered the primary drivers of harmful cyanobacterial bloom expansion in freshwaters; however, watershed and within l...
Diabetes outcomes in patients with breast cancer.

e22078Background: While diabetes is known to worsen breast cancer outcomes, little is known about the effect of breast cancer on diabetes. Patients with breast cancer are frequently administered cy...
Retrospective analysis of AML patients to identifiy a higher risk of anthracycline-associated cardiac toxicity in Hispanic patients.

e19012Retrospective analysis of AML patients identifies a higher risk of anthracycline associated cardiac toxicity in Hispanic patients. Background: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is the most common ...
Colorectal cancer: a multifaceted disease.

We are pleased to present this focused issue on “Molecular Markers in Colorectal Cancer”. Advances in molecular profiling and bioinformatics have opened a frontier of exponentially increasing new knowledge that has accelerated the promise of precision oncology.
Guitar Tablature Generation Using Computer Vision

Traditionally, automatic music transcription uses audio recordings to generate the score of a musical piece. However, extracting pitch from an audio recording can be difficult. Vision-based approaches can address this by tracking the musician’s gestures, and generating the score based on the way the musician plays the instrument.
Five-Year Follow-Up of Distal Tibia Bone and Foot and Ankle Trauma Treated with a 3D-Printed Titanium Cage.

Large bone defects from trauma or cancer are difficult to treat. Current treatment options include the use of external fixation with bone transport, bone grafting, or amputation. These modes of therapy continue to pose challenges as they are associated with high cost, failure, and complication rates. In this study, we report a successful case of bone defect treatment using personalized 3D-printed implant. This is the longest known follow-up using a 3D-printed custom implant for this specific application. Ultimately, this report adds to existing literature as it demonstrates successful and maintained incorporation of bone into the titanium implant. The use of patient-specific 3D-printed implants adds to the available arsenal to treat complex pathologies of the foot and ankle. Moreover, the technology’s flexibility and ease of customization makes it conducive to tailor to specific patient needs.
High-power sonication of soy proteins: Hydroxyl radicals and their effects on protein structure.

Abstract High-power sonication (HPS) is shown to alter protein structure, thus, its functionality, via intermolecular interactions. This study evaluated the effects of HPS on molecular structure of soy proteins in aqueous medium. Free radicals generated during HPS were quantitated using the 5,5-dimethyl-l-pyrrolin N-oxide (DMPO) spin trap method. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) was used to identify them as mostly hydroxyl radicals. The minimum saturation concentration of spin trap solution was determined to be 500 mM of DMPO in water, when exposed to 5 W/cm3 ultrasound power density (PD) for 10 min; subsequently, this concentration was used for quantitating radicals generated in protein samples. Five aqueous soy protein systems, namely, 5% soy protein isolate (SPI), 5% SPI without isoflavonoids (NO-ISO SPI), subunit solutions 1% glycinin (11S) and 1% β conglycinin (7S), and 10% soy flakes (w/v), were sonicated at 2.5 and 5 W/cm3 PDs. Only adducts of hydroxyl radicals (DMPO-OH) were detected in all of these aqueous systems. The highest concentration (3.68 µM) of DMPO-OH adduct was measured in 11S subunit solution at 5 W/cm3, whereas, the lowest (0.67 µM) was in soy flakes solution at 2.5 W/cm3. PD 5 W/cm3 generated higher concentration of radicals in 7S subunit solution, NO-ISO SPI, and soy flakes protein, compared to sonication at PD 2.5 W/cm3. No change in the protein electrophoretic patterns were observed due to HPS. However, some changes due to HPS were observed in the estimated secondary and tertiary structures, and the contents of free sulfhydryl groups and disulfide bonds in proteins.
The Sleep Apnea-Specific Hypoxic Burden Predicts Incident Heart Failure.

Background Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and although it is linked to sleep apnea, which physiological stressors most strongly associate with incident disease is unclear. We tested whether sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden (SASHB) predicts incident HF in two independent cohort studies. Research Question In comparison with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), how does sleep apnea-specific hypoxic burden predict incident HF? Study Design and Methods The samples were derived from two cohort studies: The Sleep Heart Health Study (SHHS), which included 4,881 middle-aged and older adults (54.4% women), age 63.6 ± 11.1 years; and the Outcomes of Sleep Disorders in Older Men (MrOS), which included 2,653 men, age 76.2 ± 5.4 years. We computed SASHB as the sleep apnea-specific area under the desaturation curve from pre-event baseline. We used Cox models for incident HF to estimate the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for natural log-transformed SASHB and AHI adjusting for multiple confounders. Results The SASHB predicted incident HF in men in both cohorts, whereas AHI did not. Men in SHHS and MrOS had adjusted HRs (per 1SD increase in SASHB) of 1.18 (95% CI, 1.02-1.37) and 1.22 (95% CI, 1.02-1.45), respectively. Associations with SASHB were observed in men with both low and high AHI levels. Associations were not significant in women. Interpretation In men, the hypoxic burden of sleep apnea was associated with incident HF after accounting for demographic factors, smoking, and co-morbidities. The findings Suggest that quantification of an easily measured index of sleep apnea-related hypoxias may be useful for identifying individuals at risk for heart disease, while also suggesting targets for intervention.
Longitudinal cumulative dose: A novel measure to assess multiple dimensions of chemotherapy adherence over time.

3522Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens take months to complete. Despite this, trials and observational studies evaluate chemotherapy adherence via measures assessed at the end of treatment ...
Ductal carcinoma in situ on digital mammography versus digital breast tomosynthesis: rates and predictors of pathologic upgrade.

To compare upgrade rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on digital mammography (DM) versus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) and identify patient, imaging, and pathological features associated with upgrade risk. A retrospective review was performed of 318 women (mean 59 years, range 37–89) with screening-detected DCIS from 2007 to 2011 (DM group) and from 2013 to 2016 (DBT group). Comparisons made between DM and DBT groups using the unpaired t test and chi-square test include detection rates of DCIS, upgrade rates to invasive cancer, and pathological features of DCIS and upgraded cases. Patient, imaging, and pathological features associated with upgrade were also determined. P values < 0.05 were considered significant. There was no significant difference in detection rates of DCIS between DM and DBT groups (0.9 versus 1.0 per 1000 examinations, p = 0.45). Upgrade rates of DCIS to invasive cancer in DM and DBT groups were similar (17.3% versus 16.8%, p = 0.90), despite significant differences in pathological features of DCIS between DM and DBT groups (including nuclear grade, comedonecrosis, and progesterone receptor status [p ≤ 0.01]). Among upgraded cases, a higher proportion were high-grade invasive cancers with DBT (36.7% versus 9.5%, p = 0.03). In both groups, ultrasound-guided (versus stereotactic) biopsy was associated with higher upgrade risk (p ≤ 0.03). There was no significant difference in detection rates or upgrade rates of DCIS on DM versus DBT; however, upgraded cases were more likely to be high grade with DBT, suggesting possible differences in tumor biology between cancers with DM and DBT. In both DM and DBT groups, biopsy modality was associated with upgrade risk. • Detection rates and upgrade rates of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) on digital mammography (DM) versus digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) are similar. • A higher proportion of upgraded cases were high-grade invasive cancers with DBT than DM, suggesting possible differences in tumor biology between cancers that are detected with DM and DBT. • With both DM and DBT, ultrasound-guided biopsy (versus stereotactic biopsy) was associated with a higher risk of upgrade.
Intersectionality and Voting Rights

One hundred years after ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, the ability of women to effectively exercise the right to vote is far from guaranteed. Although 1920 may mark the historical moment when women’s suffrage was added to the Constitution, the past century has been rife with obstacles preventing many women, particularly women of color, from exercising their right to vote. Scholars have noted that for these women, the Voting Rights Act (VRA) of 1965 was pivotal in more fully securing the right to vote (Hewitt 2010; Junn and Brown 2008; Montoya 2018; Smooth 2006). With a resurgence in voter-suppression efforts and a US Supreme Court ruling that weakened the VRA, voting rights again are imperiled. Although the role of race and class justifiably have been placed at the center of analysis, little attention has been given to the potential gendered considerations. This article argues that gender is still a salient part of the story, and intersectional analysis is necessary for a more thorough understanding of the impact that restrictive laws might have in order to counter them.
Trauma and Memory in the Prosecution of Sexual Assault

Despite its controversial standing among scientists, the phenomenon of traumatic memory has enjoyed remarkable longevity in the criminal law, particularly in the investigation and prosecution of sexual assault. Yet the concept of emotional trauma, and the nature of memory, are both notoriously difficult to define in legal settings -- and recent experience gives the criminal law good reason to proceed with caution. In the late 20th century, prosecutors across the country adopted a theory of traumatic memory and its treatment which became known as Recovered Memory Therapy (RMT). RMT became the basis for scores of criminal charges, including charges of sexual assault and murder, causing wrongfully convicted defendants to serve long prison terms for atrocities which in fact had never occurred. Although RMT itself has faded from the legal stage, the claims that (1) traumatic memory is importantly different from ordinary memory, and (2) that the criminal law should (therefore) amend its processes of investigating and adjudicating sexual assault cases, have now reappeared as the “Neurobiology of Trauma.” This article examines the wrongful convictions that resulted from the law’s adoption of recovered memory theory, identifies parallel structural problems with today’s “trauma-informed” approach, and argues that the phenomenon of “traumatic memory” is scientifically controversial; is structurally vulnerable to abuse; and is not necessary to achieve the goals of justice.
Price-match guarantees and investment incentives

Abstract We consider duopoly sequential price competition between a low-cost online firm and a high-cost brick-and-mortar firm that decides whether to price-match the low-cost rival. We study how price-match guarantees affect the incentives of both firms to invest in cost reduction and quality enhancement. We find that price-match guarantees in our model weaken these incentives in most cases. Our research reveals more reasons to suspect that seemingly pro-competitive price-matching by many offline rivals to online sellers may have hidden social costs.
Equations with physical applications arising from the Vlasov chain

The first equation in a hierarchy of equations due to Vlasov is studied. The equation can be described as a Schrodinger equation for the probabilistic description of a system. It has applications i...
Big Banks, Household Credit Access, and Intergenerational Economic Mobility

Consolidation in the United States banking industry has led to larger banks. I find that low income households face reduced access to credit when local banks are large. This result appears to stem from large banks’ comparative disadvantage using soft information, which is particularly important for lending to low income households. In contrast, the size of local banks has little or no effect on high income households. Consistent with low income parents’ credit constraints limiting investment in their children’s human capital, areas with larger banks exhibit a greater sensitivity of educational attainment to parental income, and less intergenerational economic mobility.
Association of social network characteristics with HIV knowledge, stigma, and testing: findings from a study of racial and ethnic minority women in a small Western city

Black and Latina women are disproportionately impacted by HIV/AIDS. Despite existing research linking social networks and HIV risk among men who have sex with men (MSM) and other high-risk populations, little research has examined how ethnic/racial minority women's social networks shape HIV prevention and intervention targets. Using interviews with a sample of 165 predominantly Black and Latina-identifying women from a small city in the Western U.S., this research examines the relationship between egocentric network characteristics and HIV knowledge, attitudes, and testing history. Results reveal that network characteristics play a significant role in shaping HIV-related knowledge, prejudice, and testing intention but not HIV testing history. Individual-level factors like homelessness and perceptions of testing barriers are more salient for explaining testing behaviors than network characteristics. Intervention efforts to improve knowledge and reduce prejudice among Black and Latina women may benefit from mobilizing network ties.