cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community Leader Response to Educational Information about Biotechnology

Although response to biotechnology by United States consumer is positive, many know little about it, and some question risks and benefits. This project evaluated how science-based information affects community leaders' attitudes. A videotape providing a consistent message was developed and shown in 1995 to 365 California and Indiana consumers who then participated in a discussion and completed questionnaires. Providing a realistic perspective of the risks and benefits associated with biotechnology reinforced consumers' positive attitudes and enhanced their regard for the participating university. After the program, those believing that biotechnology offers society many benefits increased from 33% to 63%. A minority of consumers viewed biotechnology negatively, uncertain about cross-species transfer and unexpected changes. L'evaluation de l'impact de l'information scientifique sur l'attitude des membres d'associations a propos des biotechnologies est faite dans ce projet. Une cassette informative sur les benefices et risques des biotechnologies (en particulier, les organismes genetiquement modifies) a ete developpee puis presentee a des groupes de consommateurs americains. Ces personnes ont ensuite participe a des discussions puis a une enquete. Apres ce programme, le pourcentage de personnes qui pensent que les biotechnologies offrent de nombeux avantages a la societe passe de 35 a 63%.
Medieval Street Performers Speak

The recent discovery of three 13th-century plays by the Egyptian dramatist Ibn Dāniyāl offers many new insights into the medieval theatre. The second of these plays provides detailed scripts and scenarios for street performers of this era, a type of record that does not exist for similar performances in Europe.
A subtype of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family in the olfactory system of Atlantic salmon.

Abstract A plasma membrane rich fraction was prepared from olfactory rosettes of Atlantic salmon and used to study binding of l -glutamic acid and activation of phospholipase C (PLC). Glutamate binding was saturable, high affinity, and inhibited by aspartic acid and taurocholate but not by alanine and lysine. Binding of glutamate was potently inhibited by various ligands for rat brain metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR) and also by kainate and N-methyl- d -aspartate. Glutamate stimulated phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate breakdown consistent with G protein-dependent activation of PLC. Northern blot analyses demonstrated the presence of olfactory rosette RNA that hybridizes with cDNA probes for mGluR1 and mGluR4 under low stringency conditions. The results indicate the salmon olfactory system includes a subtype of the metabotropic glutamate receptor family.
A substrate-binding protein in the Gonyaulax bioluminescence reaction.

Abstract Gonyaulax luciferase, the enzyme involved in the luminescence reaction of the dinoflagellate Gonyaulax polyedra , can be obtained as either A-luciferase (molecular weight about 150,000), or B-luciferase (molecular weight 35,000), by extracting the cells at pH 8, or at pH 6, respectively. Luciferin, the substrate in the luminescence reaction, occurs in extracts at pH 8 bound to a protein (molecular weight about 100,000) which has no enzymatic activity in the luminescent reaction. The luciferin is released at pH 6.5. An inhibitor of the B-luciferase reaction (molecular weight about 100,000) which is effective at pH 8 but not at pH 6.5, can also be isolated from Gonyaulax extracts. Evidence is presented that only free luciferin can react with luciferase, and that the inhibitor is identical with the binding protein, which acts by binding luciferin reversibly at pH 8. It is suggested that the binding protein may have a role in the control of the in vivo bioluminescent flash.
Treatment fidelity in outcome studies

Abstract Fidelity of treatment in outcome research refers to confirmation that the manipulation of the independent variable occurred as planned. Verification of fidelity is needed to ensure that fair, powerful, and valid comparisons of replicable treatments can be made. The central purpose of this article is the evaluation of outcome studies from 1980 to 1988 to determine the extent to which investigators are attending adequately to the issue of treatment fidelity. The evaluation covered 359 treatment outcome studies from major journals in four domains: clinical psychology, behavior therapy, psychiatry, and marital and family therapy. The studies were evaluated with respect to: (a) the training of treatment implementors, (b) the procedures used to promote fidelity, (c) the aspects of treatment verified, (d) the methods for assessing fidelity, and (e) the utilization of fidelity assessment in the interpretation of results. Although there were significant increases over the decade in the percentage of studies that checked adherence to treatment and used supervision to promote fidelity, the majority (55%) of the studies essentially ignored the issue of treatment fidelity. Furthermore, only one out of eight studies in the most recent period (1986–1988) combined the use of treatment manuals, supervision of treatment agents, and checking of adherence to protocol. Finally, attention given to the aforementioned aspects of fidelity did not differ significantly across journal domains. The overall implication of the review of existing practices is that investigators, reviewers, and journal editors need to give even greater consideration to the issues associated with fidelity. Specific recommendations for improving the promotion and verification of treatment fidelity in outcome studies were offered.
Safety climate, safety behaviors and line-of-duty injuries in the fire service

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to test an initial model of safety climate for firefighting. Relationships between safety climate, safety behaviors and firefighter injuries were examined. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from 398 professional firefighters in the southeastern USA. Structural equation modeling, using a zero-inflated Poisson regression method, was used to complete the analyses. Findings – Safety climate, as a higher order factor, was comprised of four factors including management commitment to safety, supervisor support for safety, safety programs/policies and safety communication. Both safety compliance behaviors and safety participation behaviors were significantly, positively associated with safety climate. Both behaviors were deemed protective and were associated with reductions in injury. Safety climate relations to injury were interesting, but somewhat ambiguous. Safety climate significantly predicted membership in the “always zero” injury group. For those not i...
A Finite Non-Unit Free Triangle Order

The notion of a free triangle representation of a partially ordered set was first introduced by Josh Laison [4] as a generalization of the ideas of interval and trapezoid representations. A free triangle representation assigns a triangle to each element of a partially ordered set, with all triangles having one vertex on each of two parallel baselines and a third ‘free’ vertex between the two baselines. In a previous paper [1] we presented an example of an infinite non-unit free triangle order. In this paper we use some of the same ideas to construct an example of a finite, albeit more complicated, non-unit free triangle order.
New Tests For, and Bounds On, Neutrino Masses and Lepton Mixing

Abstract We propose a new class of correlated tests for neutrino masses and lepton mixing. Two particular tests based on (π, K)l2 decay and nuclear β decay are discussed and applied to present data to derive bounds on these quantities.
Prognostic significance of gelsolin expression level and variability in non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract Background: Gelsolin is an actin-binding protein that mediates cellular motility and maintains the integrity of cytoskeletal structure. Diminished expression of gelsolin has been observed in human cancer cell lines and tumors. Studies of the prognostic effect of gelsolin expression (GE) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are rare and results are inconsistent to date. The present study used immunohistochemistry to evaluate the prognostic effect of gelsolin expression in 155 patients with resectable NSCLC. Methods: Detection of gelsolin in tumor cells was performed by immunohistochemistry, and two approaches to classification were used to describe expression: expression level (negative, reduced or high) and expression uniformity (uniform or variable). Expression level was determined by a weighted index of intensity of staining (i.e., overall tendency) in the specimen. Expression uniformity was based on the presence or absence of variability in immunostaining within the tumor section. Chi-square test, student t -test, Cox proportional hazards regression and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used in data analyses. Results: After controlling for covariates, high level gelsolin expression was significantly associated with poor survival compared with negative gelsolin expression in NSCLC, and this adverse prognostic effect was specific to patients with stage II tumors and for patients with squamous cell carcinomas. Similarly, variable gelsolin expression was significantly associated with poor survival compared with uniform gelsolin expression and this adverse prognostic effect was also specific to patients with stage II tumors and for patients with squamous cell carcinomas. Conclusion: High level gelsolin expression and variable gelsolin expression are adverse prognostic factors for NSCLC in this study, which might manifest the high motility and heterogeneity of tumor cells, two distinguishing characteristics for tumors with potentially enhanced invasive and dissemination capabilities.
The impact of adenosine on the release of acetylcholine, dopamine, and norepinephrine from the cat carotid body

Abstract Exogenously administered adenosine provokes an increase in respiration in both animal models and in man. Administered near the carotid body adenosine increases neural output from the carotid body in rats and cats. Hypoxia has the same effect. Hypoxia also provokes a release of acetylcholine (ACh), dopamine (DA), and norepinephrine (NE) from the carotid body. The present study aimed to determine the effect of exogenous adenosine on the release of ACh, DA, and NE from the carotid bodies of cats. After a recovery period (from surgery) carotid bodies were first incubated for 10 (DA, NE) or 15 (ACh) min in Eppendorf tubes containing 85 μL of a physiological salt solution equilibrated with 40% O 2 /5% CO 2 at 37 °C (hyperoxia). At the end of the incubation period the medium was drawn off, and measured for ACh, DA, and NE using HPLC-ECD methods. Next 85 μL of the medium and the tubes were equilibrated with a hypoxic gas mixture (4% O 2 /5% CO 2 ) and the carotid bodies were incubated for 10 (DA, NE) or 15 (ACh) min, at the end of which the medium was drawn off and measured for ACh, DA, and NE. In the ACh studies there followed a post-hypoxic hyperoxic exposure (40% O 2 /5% CO 2 ). ACh tubes were then made 100 μM with respect to adenosine, and the hyperoxic, hypoxic, and post-hypoxic hyperoxic challenges were repeated. One of the two DA, NE tubes had the 100 μM adenosine from the start. Adenosine significantly increased the release of ACh, but significantly decreased the hypoxia-induced release of DA. Potential mechanisms for these changes are reviewed.
Fisher information, sufficiency, and ancillarity: some clarifications

Misconceptions are many when it comes to Fisher information, sufficiency, and ancillarity, especially among beginners. Many believe that \(\mathcal I _{T_{1}}(\theta )+\mathcal I _{T_{2}}(\theta )\) should equal \(\mathcal I _{T_{1}+T_{2}}(\theta )\) for all \(\theta \). We exhibit precise scenarios where \(\mathcal I _{T_{1}+T_{2}}(\theta )\) is \( \mathcal I _{T_{1}}(\theta )+\mathcal I _{T_{2}}(\theta )\) for all \(\theta \). Then, we clarify the process of verifying ancillarity of a statistic with concrete examples.
Evaluation and Comparison of Relative Motion Theories

A modeling error index is introduced for evaluating and comparing the accuracy of various theories of the relative motion of satellites to determine the effect of modeling errors on the various theories. The derived index does not require linearization of the equations of motion, and so nonlinear theories can also be evaluated. The index can be thought of as proportional to the percentage error; consequently, the smaller the index, the more accurate the theory. The results show that not including the reference orbit eccentricity and differential gravitational perturbations has a major effect on the accuracy of the theory, and the nonlinear effects are much smaller except for very large relative motion orbits. The two key parameters in the evaluation are the eccentricity of the reference orbit and the relative motion orbit size. The theories compared are Hill’s equations, a small eccentricity state transition matrix, a non-J2 state transition matrix, the Gim–Alfriend state transition matrix, the unit sphere approach, and the Yan–Alfriend nonlinear method. The numerical results show the sequence of the index from high to low should be Hill’s equation, non-J2, small eccentricity, Gim–Alfriend state transition matrix index, with the unit sphere approach and the Yan–Alfriend nonlinear method having the lowest index and equivalent performance.
Connecting Geometry and Chemistry: A Three-Step Approach to Three-Dimensional Thinking

A three-step active-learning approach is described to enhance the spatial abilities of general chemistry students with respect to three-dimensional molecular drawing and visualization. These activities are used in a medium-sized lecture hall with approximately 150 students in the first semester of the general chemistry course. The first activity involves using clay and sticks to help students visualize and overcome common misconceptions about geometric figures; the second activity involves connecting geometric figures with molecular shapes to foster an appreciation of the space that molecules fill; and the final activity is to introduce the more abstract valence shell electron pair repulsion theory using plastic, traditional molecular models to demonstrate how to represent molecules spatially on paper. The three activities can be done in three 55-min lectures with plenty of time for discussion.
Attenuation of reperfusion microvascular ischemia by aqueous oxygen: experimental and clinical observations.

It is being increasingly recognized that, in patients with acute myocardial infarction, angiographically successful recanalization of the occluded artery cannot be used as a reliable indicator of successful myocardial perfusion. Postischemic myocardial reperfusion is commonly associated with focal regions of microvascular impairment, even when global coronary artery flow is normal. This problem ranges in severity from microvascular stunning to no reflow, depending principally on the duration and severity of ischemia. Reperfusion microvascular ischemia is not an instantaneous single event that occurs just at the moment of reperfusion. Rather, it is a progressive process that increases with time. Of importance, it is associated with poor recovery of left ventricular (LV) function and a worsened clinical outcome at follow-up. An increasing body of experimental and clinical data suggests a valuable role for high concentrations of oxygen (O 2 ), delivered directly to the coronary artery, in reducing microvascular injury. Recently, a catheter-based method has been developed for infusion of O 2 , dissolved in a crystalloid solution at extremely high concentrations (ie, 1-3 mL O 2 /g [aqueous oxygen {AO}]), into blood without bubble formation to provide hyperoxemic treatment of tissue ischemia. In experimental studies, AO hyperoxemia has been found to improve LV function and electrocardiographic evidence of ischemia. This is thought to be the result of augmentation of oxygen delivery in plasma. Marked improvement in myocardial flow has been consistently found. These observations may explain the improvement of LV function after AO treatment noted in clinical studies.
Antibodies that bind complex glycosaminoglycans accumulate in the Golgi

Light (L) chains that edit anti-DNA heavy (H) chains rescue B-cell development by suppressing DNA binding. However, exceptional editor L chains allow B cells to reach splenic compartments even though their B-cell receptors remain autoreactive. Such incompletely edited B cells express multireactive antibodies that accumulate in the Golgi and are released as insoluble, amyloid-like immune complexes. Here, we examine examples of incomplete editing from the analysis of variable to joining (VJ) gene junction of the variable (Vλx) editor L chain. When paired with the anti-DNA heavy chain, VH56R, the Vλx variants yield antibodies with differing specificities, including glycosaminoglycan reactivity. Our results implicate these specificities in the evasion of receptor editing through intracellular sequestration of IgM and the release of insoluble IgM complexes. Our findings can be extrapolated to human L chains and have implications for understanding a latent component of the Ig repertoire that could exert pathogenic and protective functions.
A fully discrete nonlinear Galerkin method for the 3D Navier–Stokes equations

The purpose of this paper is twofold: (i) We show that the Fourier-based Nonlinear Galerkin Method (NLGM) constructs suitable weak solutions to the periodic Navier–Stokes equations in three space dimensions provided the large scale/small scale cutoff is appropriately chosen. (ii) If smoothness is assumed, NLGM always outperforms the Galerkin method by a factor equal to 1 in the convergence order of the H1-norm for the velocity and the L2-norm for the pressure. This is a purely linear superconvergence effect resulting from standard elliptic regularity and holds independently of the nature of the boundary conditions (whether periodicity or no-slip BC is enforced). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Inferring phylogeny and introgression using RADseq data: an example from flowering plants (Pedicularis: Orobanchaceae).

Phylogenetic relationships among recently diverged species are often difficult to resolve due to insufficient phylogenetic signal in available markers and/or conflict among gene trees. Here we explore the use of reduced-representation genome sequencing, specifically in the form of restriction-site associated DNA (RAD), for phylogenetic inference and the detection of ancestral hybridization in non-model organisms. As a case study, we investigate Pedicularis section Cyathophora, a systematically recalcitrant clade of flowering plants in the broomrape family (Orobanchaceae). Two methods of phylogenetic inference, maximum likelihood and Bayesian concordance, were applied to data sets that included as many as 40,000 RAD loci. Both methods yielded similar topologies that included two major clades: a “rex-thamnophila” clade, composed of two species and several subspecies with relatively low floral diversity, and geographically widespread distributions at lower elevations, and a “superba” clade, composed of three species characterized by relatively high floral diversity and isolated geographic distributions at higher elevations. Levels of molecular divergence between subspecies in the rex-thamnophila clade are similar to those between species in the superba clade. Using Patterson’s D-statistic test, including a novel extension of the method that enables finer-grained resolution of introgression among multiple candidate taxa by removing the effect of their shared ancestry, we detect significant introgression among nearly all taxa in the rex-thamnophila clade, but not between clades or among taxa within the superba clade. These results suggest an important role for geographic isolation in the emergence of species barriers, by facilitating local adaptation and differentiation in the absence of homogenizing gene flow. [Concordance factors; genotyping-by-sequencing; hybridization; partitioned D-statistic test; Pedicularis; restriction-site associated DNA.]
Evolution of the Intel's e-business data center toward a service-oriented infrastructure

This paper brings a historic perspective of the Intel e-business data center growth from supporting a simple static Web site to a leading e-business implementation, one of the world's largest and most complex installations of its type. It outlines the challenges facing IT and e-business operations today and calls out the needs for more advanced platform and service manageability technologies. To cope with these new challenges, the paper introduces the concept of service-oriented infrastructure (SOI), its architecture, key technical components, business benefits, and key steps to of the evolution toward SOI
Gender threats and men’s antigay behaviors: The harmful effects of asserting heterosexuality

Whereas recent work on gender role violations suggests that asserting their heterosexuality may diminish the harmful effects of gender threats (versus gender affirmations) on men’s antigay reaction...
Awareness and Attitudes of Tennessee Consumers Towards Agricultural Biotechnology: Survey Results

The progress made in the field of biotechnology, also known as Genetic Engineering, over the years has made way for many new outcomes in different fields. However the immense potential of 2biotechnology has not convinced ordinary people to buy into Genetically Modified (GM) foods. A telephone survey conducted by a marketing firm, Advanced Strategic Research (ASR), was contracted to gather data from consumers in selected urban locations in Tennessee. The objective of this paper was to assess awareness and attitudes of Tennesseans towards agricultural biotechnology. The results showed that there is need for disseminating research based information to stakeholders as majority of those surveyed are not aware about agricultural biotechnology and do not have a favorable attitude towards it. Cooperative Extension programs in concert with others have major role to play in the education and information dissemination efforts.
Changes in Platelet Count as a Predictive Tool in Sickle Cell Acute Vaso-Occlusive Crises: A Pediatric Study

Objective. Studies have shown that platelets play an important role in the pathophysiology of vaso-occlusive crises (VOC) in sickle cell disease. This study investigates whether changes in platelet indices from baseline can be predictive of complications during acute pain crisis. Methods. Data were obtained from pediatric sickle cell patients in the well-clinic setting and compared with data gathered during VOC (n = 67). Primary outcome was complicated (admission, acute chest syndrome, transfusion, etc) versus uncomplicated (discharge from emergency department without subsequent return) course. Results. Patients with uncomplicated courses had larger platelet declines (53.7) than those with complicated courses (14.8, P = .005). Conclusions. The study suggests that patients with uncomplicated VOC are more likely to experience a larger decline in platelets. The predictive value is limited by the need to have preexisting steady-state data and relatively small decline. Ongoing studies are needed to identify us...
French corporate finance, 1500-1900

French attempts to imitate the obvious success of joint-stock corporations of Britain and the Netherlands in exploiting the possibilities of long-distance foreign trade created by European discoveries of all sea routes to India and China and the natural resources of the Americas fell far short of their mercantile rivals. Limitations on the finance needed to compete successfully were imposed by the preemptive claims of the crown and the high interest rates demanded by French investors. Napoleonic reforms helped solve some of the problems but even the essential reforms of Napoleon III proved deficient until the Third Republic was formed with the financial support and guidance of the Rothschilds. French structures of business enterprises in the nineteenth and early twentieth century discouraged foreign ownership of French interests, resulting in France largely playing the role of a source of funds in global markets rather than a destination for global investment.
New Approaches to Functional Neuroenergetics

The coupling between brain energy metabolism andneuronal activity has fo, r more than a century ,allowedresearchers ot monotir brani funcoitn (Roy & Sher-rington, 1890; Siesjo, 1973; Sokoloff, 1981). A break-through in this effort, and one that made human studiesroutine, was the development 20 years ago of positronemission tomography, or PET (see Raichle, 1998). Incombination with experimental paradigms and modelsdeveloped in cognitive psychology, PET allowed the arsthigh-resolution metabolic maps of functionally special-ized regions of the human brain. A drawback of the PETtechnology was its reliance on cyclotron-generatedshort-lived radioisotopes. The subsequent developmentof functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) madefunctional brain mapping widely available to scientists(Kwong et al., 1992; Ogawa, Menon, Kim, & Ugurbil,1992). Almost weekly, new brain imaging results arehighlighted in scientiac journals and the popular mediaas providing new insights into the biological basis ofhuman brain function and neurological and psychiatricdisorders.The application of PET and fMRI to localize cognitiveprocesses is based on the assumption that functionalneuronal activity increases when a region is involved inperforming a cognitive task (Posner & Raichle, 1994).These functional neuronal activities are involved in thecommunication of information between neurons andinclude neurotransmitter release and action potentials.The energy required for these and other brain processesis provided almost exclusively by oxidative glucose me-tabolism (Siesjo, 1978). Functional imaging measureseither glucose metabolism or neurophysiological pa-rameters coupled to glucose metabolism (Sokoloff,1981). Regions of increased functional neuroenergeticdemand are identiaed by the corresponding increase in
A new method for block effect removal in low bit-rate image compression

At low bit-rate, most block-based image compression schemes generate artifacts known as block effect. Many existing approaches concentrated on concealing the discontinuity around the block boundary regions to produce a visually more pleasant image with no or little improvement in PSNR. We proposed a novel approach which attempts to recover the DC components of each block from the coded ones in order to calibrate the reference level for all the pixels within the block. The calibration of DC components starts from two anchor blocks centered in the image with their DC components coded error free. It then proceeds in a spiral scan fashion to exploit the maximum constraints imposed by the already updated neighboring blocks. After DC components calibration, a Huber-Markov random field model based POCS algorithm is applied to obtain good reconstruction both in terms of PSNR improvement and visual observation. >
Teaching Statistics in Biology: Using Inquiry-based Learning to Strengthen Understanding of Statistical Analysis in Biology Laboratory Courses

There is an increasing need for students in the biological sciences to build a strong foundation in quantitative approaches to data analyses. Although most science, engineering, and math field majors are required to take at least one statistics course, statistical analysis is poorly integrated into undergraduate biology course work, particularly at the lower-division level. Elements of statistics were incorporated into an introductory biology course, including a review of statistics concepts and opportunity for students to perform statistical analysis in a biological context. Learning gains were measured with an 11-item statistics learning survey instrument developed for the course. Students showed a statistically significant 25% (p < 0.005) increase in statistics knowledge after completing introductory biology. Students improved their scores on the survey after completing introductory biology, even if they had previously completed an introductory statistics course (9%, improvement p < 0.005). Students retested 1 yr after completing introductory biology showed no loss of their statistics knowledge as measured by this instrument, suggesting that the use of statistics in biology course work may aid long-term retention of statistics knowledge. No statistically significant differences in learning were detected between male and female students in the study.
MacLaboratory for Psychology: Successes, failures, economics, and outcomes over its decade of development

The history of the development of MacLaboratory for Psychology offers insights into both problems and solutions in academic software creation and implementation. Superficially, MacLaboratory for Psychology has been very successful, having garnered numerous acclamations, including two EDUCOM awards. It is used on thousands of Macintoshes at universities, hospitals, schools, and other institutions worldwide. However, there have also been some shortcomings to its use. In a candid discussion, successes, failures, the economics of software development, and student outcomes are addressed. Specific examples from the software as it has been used by over 10,000 undergraduates at Drexel University provide guidelines for future academic software in such domains as multimedia use, psychological and scientific education, classroom implementation, faculty research, and software support and maintenance.
Odd or Even: Assembly Size and Majority Rule*

This paper provides a probabilistic comparison of small assemblies with an even number of members versus an adjacent odd number of members. We show that assemblies with an odd number of members are more likely to pass proposals under absolute majority rule than assemblies with an adjacent even number of members. We also show they are more likely to attain quorum and to pass proposals under simple majority rule with a quorum. The first claim is supported by data on the U.S. appellate courts, 1940–84. Finally, we discover similar effects in the probability of making truthful judgements (Condorcet 1785) and the ability to satisfy common welfare criteria (Rae 1969). The results have important implications for institutional design.
Evolution of Social Behavior: Individual and Group Selection

How selfish does our evolutionary history suggest that humans will be? We explore models in which groups are formed and dissolved and where reproduction of individuals is determined by their payoffs in a game played within groups. If groups are formed ``randomly'' and reproductive success of group founders is determined by a multi-person prisoners' dilemma game, then selfish behavior will prevail over maximization of group payoffs. However, interesting models exist in which ``group selection'' sustains cooperative behavior. Forces that support cooperative behavior include assortative matching in groups, group longevity, and punishment-based group norms.
Freedom Elementary School and Its Community An Approach to School-Linked Service Integration

Special education is often a fragmented service delivery system not usually well integrated into the total school community. this isolation has contributed to overreferral to special education. a major state effort is now under way to link an ongoing state school restructuring initiative (every student succeeds) with a localized, child-family services integration initiative (healthy start). the result of this effort is a series of reform processes that essentially restructure the entire culture of the community of the school. this article reviews the processes involved in a 3-year demonstration of one example of this linkage of two major reform processes in california. these processes include redefinition of professional and parental roles and perceptions, adjustments in the nature of professional and administrative relationships with children and their families, and alternative approaches by the school and community agencies in the day-to-day operations of providing support and service functions. these p...
Labor and the State Union Incorporation and Working-Class Politicization in Latin America

To assess corporatist interest intermediation as a mechanism of social control in Venezuela and Mexico, we compare the political attitudes and behavior of workers exposed to corporatist controls to those of other workers. Specifically, the politicization of workers who belong to unions dominated by hegemonic political parties is compared to that of workers affiliated with “autonomous unions” and to that of nonunionized workers. Using survey data collected in 1979 and 1980, it is found that workers who belong to official unions are not more likely to be system supportive than other workers. This pattern holds in both regime settings and for both strategic and nonstrategic industries. We discuss the implications that these findings have on the renegotiation of incorporative bargains between labor movements and hegemonic parties.
Recent CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists and Inverse Agonists

Antagonists or inverse agonists of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor (CB1R) reported from the 2006–2007 period are reviewed. The compounds are either variations of the archetypical cannabinoid CB1 inverse agonist rimonabant (SR141716) or are other structures less obviously related to the archetype. Many of the former class replace the core pyrazole ring of rimonabant with other ring systems to display/arrange the appended binding/activity elements. A structure-activity relationship evolves from bioassays of these compounds that also provides a more detailed understanding of the molecular mechanism of the binding to and stabilization of the active and inactive states of the constitutively active CB1R. In addition to diverse variations of the core ring and appended substituents, conformationally constrained analogs with high affinity were revealed, a number of which do not fit a one-to-one atom correspondence with the putatively active conformations of the rimonabant template and other active analogs. Diphenylmethyl analogs were a repeated motif in structures where core rings were either absent or played less restrictive roles in structures pursuing higher conformational freedom. Bicyclic nitrogen heterocyclic ring systems as the central core structures were reported, as were linear structures including phenyl ureas and taranabant analogs. Finally, peptides in the hemopressin class were presented as CB1 antagonists. Drug Dev Res 70:601–615, 2009. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Lessons Learned from a Secret Facebook Support Group

The National Association of Social Workers developed practice standards for social workers using technology in their practice. These standards were derived from the foundation of the social work code of ethics and are helpful as social workers explore the use of new tools for the benefit of their clients. Hospice caregivers, both active and bereaved, are in great need of support but are often unable to attend traditional support groups. Facebook secret groups offer social workers a potential tool, given the geographic barriers that exist for traditional face-to-face support groups. The authors' experience with a secret Facebook group indicates that the technology can be useful when managed by a social worker facilitator. As social workers continue to explore helpful ways to use technology with clients, it is critical that they evaluate that practice and assess the clinical outcomes to establish an evidence base behind this practice.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Modulates Interleukin-6 Production in Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages: Implications for Inflammatory Mediated Diseases

The generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β fuel the acute phase response (APR). To maintain body homeostasis, the increase of inflammatory proteins is resolved by acute phase proteins via presently unknown mechanisms. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is transcribed in response to IL-6. Since IL-6 production promotes the generation of HGF and induces the APR, we posited that accumulating HGF might be a likely candidate for quelling excess inflammation under non-pathological conditions. We sought to assess the role of HGF and how it influences the regulation of inflammation utilizing a well-defined model of inflammatory activation, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulation of bone marrow derived macrophages (BMM). BMM were isolated from C57BL6 mice and were stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of HGF. When HGF was present, there was a decrease in production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6, along with an increase in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Altered cytokine production correlated with an increase in phosphorylated GSK3β, increased retention of the phosphorylated NFκB p65 subunit in the cytoplasm, and an enhanced interaction between CBP and phospho-CREB. These changes were a direct result of signaling through the HGF receptor, MET, as effects were reversed in the presence of a selective inhibitor of MET (SU11274) or when using BMM from macrophage-specific conditional MET knockout mice. Combined, these data provide compelling evidence that under normal circumstances, HGF acts to suppress the inflammatory response.
Hensen's node, but not other biological signallers, can induce supernumerary digits in the developing chick limb bud

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the organizer regions of early avian and amphibian embryos could induce supernumerary (SN) wing structures to develop when they were grafted to a slit in the anterior side of stage 19–23 chick wing buds. Supernumerary digits developed in 43% of the wings that received anterior grafts of Hensen's node from stage 4–6 quail or chick embryos; in addition, 16% of the wings had rods of SN cartilage, but not recognizable SN digits. The grafted quail tissue did not contribute to the SN structures. When tissue anterior or lateral to Hensen's node or lateral pieces of the area pellucida caudal to Hensen's node were grafted to anterior slits, the wings usually developed normally. No SN structures developed when Hensen's nodes were grafted to posterior slits in chick wing buds. Wings developed normally when pieces of the dorsal lip of the blastopore from stage 10–11.5 frog (Xenopus laevis and Rana pipiens) embryos were grafted to anterior slits. No SN digits developed when other tissues that have limb-inducing activity in adult urodele amphibians [chick otic vesicle, frog (Rana pipiens) lung and kidney] or that can act as heteroinductors in neural induction (rat kidney, lung, submaxillary gland and urinary bladder; mouse liver and submaxillary gland) were grafted to anterior slits in chick wing buds. SN digits also failed to develop following preaxial grafts of chick optic vesicles. These results suggest that although the anteroposterior polarity of the chick wing bud can be influenced by factors other than the ZPA (e.g., Hensen's node, retinoids), the wing is not so labile that it can respond to a wide variety of inductively-active tissues.
Influence of Accelerator Residues on Age Resistance of Vulcanizates

Abstract It has been shown that the age resistance of elastomeric vulcanizates is influenced to a very marked degree by residues formed in situ in the vulcanizate during the curing process. By a dual process of removal of these residues and incorporation of selected ingredients subsequent to vulcanization, it has been shown that age resistance (as measured by accelerated oven-aging tests at 212° F) in rubbers cured by sulfur and/or sulfur bearing accelerators, is a prime function of these residues and nearly independent of the stability of the network structure. An extremely active inhibitor is formed in situ during vulcanization of SBR and natural rubber using thiuram accelerators. This inhibitor can be used to “reinhibit” acetone-extracted accelerator-cured rubber. When added to sulfur/accelerator, peroxide, or radiation-cured vulcanizates, it improves their age resistance, but only in the case of the sulfur/accelerator cured rubber is this improvement better than with conventional inhibitors. This lead...
Determining Optimal Well Discharge

The cost of pumping ground water is a major factor in water supply. It is necessary to pump a given well at the discharge that maximizes the net benefit of the operation. Previous criteria ignored the economic aspects of the analysis; the writer submits a detailed criterion for obtaining the best discharge for a well. A computer code is included along with an example of the analysis.
Localization and regulation of the rat renal Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter, BSC-1.

To investigate the role of the thick ascending limb (TAL) Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl- cotransporter in regulation of water excretion, we have prepared a peptide-derived polyclonal antibody based on the cloned ...
Learning From the Past to Improve VA Health Care

Two decades ago, the Veterans Health Administration within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) was facing a crisis.1 Veterans were having difficulty accessing the services that they were entitled to, there were deep concerns about the quality of care veterans received, and questions about the inefficiency of the care delivery were widespread, and raised by veterans, Congressional members, and other stakeholders. In those ways, the VA health care system looked a lot like the US health care system, with problems of access, quality, and costs.
ROS and intracellular ion channels

Oxidative stress is a well-known driver of numerous pathological processes involving protein and lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. The resulting increase of pro-apoptotic pressure drives tissue damage in a host of conditions, including ischemic stroke and reperfusion injury, diabetes, death in acute pancreatitis and neurodegenerative diseases. Somewhat less frequently discussed, but arguably as important, is the signaling function of oxidative stress stemming from the ability of oxidative stress to modulate ion channel activity. The evidence for the modulation of the intracellular ion channels and transporters by oxidative stress is constantly emerging and such evidence suggests new regulatory and pathological circuits that can be explored towards new treatments for diseases in which oxidative stress is an issue. In this review we summarize the current knowledge on the effects of oxidative stress on the intracellular ion channels and transporters and their role in cell function.
Relationships between the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of Si-aC:H thin films

Silicon-incorporated amorphous hydrocarbon (Si-aC:H) films with varying Si contents were deposited onto a Ti interlayer on Si and steel substrates by reactive sputtering in an unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. The objective of this study was to measure and relate the structural, chemical, and mechanical properties of these Si-aC:H films. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the Si-aC:H phase is amorphous and TiC exists at the Si-aC:H/Ti phase boundary for all compositions. Mechanical properties such as hardness, indentation modulus, and intrinsic stress decreased with increasing Si and H content in the films, for Si/C ≥ 0.04. XPS measurements suggested that this is most likely due to the decreasing presence of a C-C sp3 interlinked network, accompanied by an increase in C-H and Si-H bonds. This conclusion was supported by radial distribution functions obtained using extended electron energy-loss fine structure analysis (EXELFS).
Erasmus Darwin’s Impact on English Romanticism

Erasmus Darwin (1731-1802) is primarily remembered today as a precursor of his grandson Charles Darwin’s theories of evolution, and secondly as a poet and serious medical scientist, although he was a much-celebrated versifier in his day and briefly one of England’s most popular poets. His style and poetic vision were quickly eclipsed by the Romantic Movement, however, and the explosion of scientific inquiry in the 19th century, but his influence, particularly the medical treatise Zoonomia and the scientific poems The Botanic Garden and The Temple of Nature, can be clearly traced in Wordsworth, Coleridge, Keats, Byron and the Shelleys. This article trace Darwin’s influence on William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge specifically using a macro-historical and history of ideas perspective to contextualize Darwin’s impact within late 18th century intellectual culture– specifically radicalism, materialism, and spirituality.
P8: CHEMOTHERAPY INDUCED IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA-AN ENTITY TO KEEP IN MIND!

Purpose of Study Thrombocytopenia during chemotherapy is not always due to myelosuppression. We report an unusual case of isolated acute thrombocytopenia after oxaliplatin and irinotecan administration. We reviewed 11 reported cases to better understand the nature of the presentation and variability in response to treatment. Case Report Patient is a 63 year old female with metastatic colon cancer treated with palliative chemotherapy with FOLFOX. Follwing her 14th cycle she had an episode of acute drop in platelet count to 8,000/microliter. Peripheral smear revealed no evidence of thrombotic microangiopathy. She was managed with supportive platelet transfusions with slow recovery of platelet count. Subsequently she was treated with second line chemotherapy with FOLFIRI. Following the first cycle of Irinotecan, she again had a catastrophic drop in platelets from 136,000/microliter to 6,000/microliter within 10 hours. Due to this recurrent episode, a drug mediated thrombocytopenia was suspected and work up was initiated. She was initially treated with dexamethasone without a significant response. Platelet count normalized after 7 days with supportive platelet transfusions. Methods Used Blood was tested for drug dependent platelet antibodies by Flow Cytometry at the Platelet and Neutrophil Immunology Laboratory at the Blood Center of Wisconsin. Summary of Results The patient9s serum showed evidence of drug dependent platelet antibodies to both oxaliplatin and irinotecan. Conclusions Drug mediated immune thrombocytopenia is not uncommon. Time to severe acute thrombocytopenia and platelet recovery time varied post exposure of the drug. It is unclear whether steroid or IVIG administration had any effect on the platelet recovery time. Recovery from thrombocytopenia was observed in all 11 cases after the discontinuation of the insulting agent. Confirmation of the presence of drug dependent platelet antibodies against the chemotherapeutic agent by flow cytometry essential for diagnosis. This would be the first reported case of acute thrombocytopenia to two different chemotherapeutic agents in the same patient. Whether the reaction is two different mechanisms or if there is a cross reactivity between Oxaliplatin and Irinotecan has yet to be investigated.
Study on the model of multi agent flexible enterprise resource planning

On the basis of problem that the traditional ERP system lacks sufficient adaptive, intelligence and flexibility ability under the complex、 dynamic and uncertainty environment of enterprise resource planning. The software function module of ERP system was constructed to be an autonomy intelligent agent through use of the agent techniques and workflow techniques. The multi-agent flexible enterprise resource planning model was proposed and discussed in the paper.
The Application of Forming Limit Diagram in the GP project

It describes the basic theory of the forming limit diagram, and is appliced in mold making, mold commissioning, production start, the production process of each stage. It can improve the quality of the part and achieve good results.