cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The politics of neoliberal economic reform in South America, 1980–1994

What political conditions facilitate market-oriented reform? Prior research suggests that neoliberal policies are inherently unpopular, politically hazardous, and consequently dependent upon the existence of strong and relative autonomous governments. This study reassesses the political costs and benefits of market-oriented reform and attempts to offer insights for future theory building by exploring five hypotheses on the basis of the post-1980 South American experience. The findings suggest that the political obstacles to reform have been exaggerated and theoretically misspecified. Neoliberal policies are less the product of the triumph of technocratic expertise over political calculus than of the structure of political incentives and opportunities created by broader sets of factors, including economic circumstances, structural conditions, pluralist pressures, institutional constraints, and international linkages.
Invariant imbedding and the effects of changes of poisson's ratio in thin plate theory

Abstract The effect of changes of Poisson's ratio ν in the solutions of equilibrium problems in thin plate theory is investigated from an invariant imbedding point of view. The fundamental variable of the imbedding is ν, the physical variable for which the functional perturbation is desired. Using this imbedding, a Cauchy system is then formulated, using as initial conditions the corresponding solutions of the initial-value problem previously developed in [1], [3], to study the equilibrium of a plate for a fixed value of ν. Integration of the Cauchy system furnishes the desired results.
Isothermal desorption kinetics of crystalline H2O, H218O, and D2O ice multilayers

The isothermal desorption rates of crystalline H2O, H218O, and D2O ice multilayers were measured over a temperature range from 175 to 190 K. The desorption rates were measured with optical interferometry using ice multilayers grown epitaxially on a Ru(001) surface in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber. The Arrhenius parameters for the desorption of H2O and H218O were identical within experimental error. For H2O, the preexponential was ν = 1032.6±0.3 cm-2 s-1 and the activation energy was E = 13.9 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1. For H218O, the preexponential was ν18 = 1032.4±0.3 cm-2 s-1 and the activation energy was E18 = 13.8 ± 0.2 kcal mol-1. Despite the near equivalence in the Arrhenius parameters, H218O desorbed at a rate that was slower by ∼9% throughout the range of temperatures. In contrast, the desorption rate of D2O was slower by 49−62% compared with H2O over the measured temperature range. The Arrhenius parameters for the desorption of D2O were νD = 1033.4±0.5 cm-2 s-1 and ED= 14.8 ± 0.4 kcal mol-1. A transition sta...
Thomas Pinckney's London Mission, 1792–1796, and the Impressment Issue

(1980). Thomas Pinckney's London Mission, 1792–1796, and the Impressment Issue. The International History Review: Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 523-541.
Marker Paper: The Urethral Microbiome of Adolescent Males

Project ID: 46317 – No publication moratorium.The microflora of the anterior male urethra during adolescence is poorly described and no data address the range of “typical” urethral organisms during adolescence as functions of pubertal development or onset of various types of partnered sexual activity. This means that current understanding of the urethral microbiome in adolescent men rests entirely on limited data inferred from adults, and from epidemiologic and behavioral explanations. Marked ethnic group variation in adolescent sexual behaviors and disparity in conditions such as sexually transmitted infections (STI) justifies exploration of potential ethnic group differences in the male urethral microbiome. Some research among adult males suggests important interactions between the male urethral microbiota and STI, but this research has not been extended to younger men.We will characterize the male urethral microbiome in longitudinal urine samples collected from a multi-ethnic cohort of adolescent males. The two specific aims of the project include Specific Aim 1. Describe the developmental urethral microbiome of adolescent males: Aim 1a. as a function of pubertal development; Aim 1b. as a function of racial/ethnic group; Aim 1c. as a function of oral-genital, vaginal, and anal sexual exposures; and, Aim 1d. as a function of circumcision status. Specific Aim 2. Describe variation in the urethral microbiome of adolescent males in the context of STI and identify organisms associated with acute and persistent non-specific urethritis: Aim 2a. to identify components of the microbiome associated with specific STI; Aim 2b. to compare the urethral microbiome of adolescent males who do and do not develop STI; and Aim 2c. to characterize microbial profiles associated with development of acute and persistent idiopathic urethritis.Microbial flora will be assessed as function of pubertal development, sexual activity, and incident STI. Subjects will be Latino (N=24), African-American (N=24), and Euro-American (N=24) males, ages 14 – 17 at enrollment; total N=72). Participants will be recruited from an urban community within an area of high prevalence of STI. Socio-demographic data will be collected at enrollment. Daily behavioral and symptomologic data will be collected via cell phone, which will also be used for cohort maintenance and scheduling of sample collections. Urine and penile coronal sulcus samples will be collected at enrollment and up to 36 1-month follow-up samples and selected contingent trigger samples triggered by specific symptoms and behaviors for characterization of microbiome using high-throughput 16s rRNA phylogeny, Q-PCR and metagenomic sequencing. STI testing by nucleic acid amplification will be done as well to better understand interactions between the urethral microbiome and infection. Cell phones also will be used to initiate alternate day sample collection for 14 days (7 samples) following trigger events such as specific sexual acts, antibiotic use, condom failure, or genital symptoms.
Analysis of a finite buffer queue with heterogeneous Markov modulated arrival processes: a study of traffic burstiness and priority packet discarding

Abstract This paper considers a single server queueing system with a finite buffer and multiple heterogeneous arrival streams. We focus on Markov Modulated Arrival processes with differing burstiness and investigate the loss of individual arrival streams when the burstiness parameters of the arrival streams are varied. In addition, we study the behavior of loss probabilities for a priority packet discarding scheme, a congestion control mechanism suitable for high-speed networks. Several interesting numerical results are presented. We introduce a new characterization of an arrival stream, which we refer to as self-loss, and use this to qualitatively evaluate the effects of multiplexing bursty streams with non-bursty streams. The effectiveness of priority packet discarding is also investigated numerically. In addition, we study via simulation the conditional probability of packet loss given that one has occurred.
Discontinuous Additive Functionals of Dual Processes

Let X be a standard Markov process with state space E and let ~ be an excessive reference measure for X. In recent work ([6], E7]) Revuz associates with certain additive functionals of X measures on E which determine those additive functionals in case they are natural and X is in duality, relative to 3, with another standard process X. In this paper we use an analogous method to associate with every finite additive functional A ofX a measure v A on E x E which turns out to be a-finite and whose projection upon the second co-ordinate is Revuz's measure on E. Under the hypotheses of duality, but with no other assumptions as, for example, on the left-continuity of the fields or Feller properties of the resolvents, we give a formula for the "bipotential" of a finite additive functional A in terms ofv A and we construct a canonical measure v on E x E for the process X which reflects the behavior of the jumps of X. Using this canonical measure, we can prove that if A is a finite purely discontinuous quasi-left-continuous additive functional of X then A is of the form A t = ~ F(Xs_, Xs), a result due to Motoo (see Watanabe [8]) in the case S =0}, resolvent {U~; ~=>0} and lifetime ~. The a-fields ~, ~ and ~* are respectively the Borel sets, nearly Borel sets and universally measurable sets in E. The object of our attention here is an additive functional (AF) of X. We call A a finite AF of X if A t < ~ on [0, ~) a. s., and we denote by ~r the class of finite AF's of X. The restriction to finite AF's makes it possible to avoid a number of tricky points dealt with by Revuz [6]. We assume throughout that there is a a-finite measure ~ on E which is an excessive reference measure for X. For the main results of this paper, when X is assumed to be in duality with a standard process ){ relative to the a-finite measure 3, then ~ automatically possesses all the above named properties. All the regularity properties discussed in Chapter V of [-1] may be assumed. One particularly useful result is that if f and g are a-excessive and f< g a.e. (r then f< g everywhere.
Sex Differences: Developmental and Evolutionary Strategies

Preface. Theory: Introduction. Sexual Differentiation. Evolution of Sex and Sex Differences. Sex as a Life-History Strategy. Nonhuman Systems: Male Strategies and Tactics. Female Strategies and Tactics. Mating Systems. Human Systems: The Human Animal. Women's Strategies and Tactics. Men's Strategies and Tactics. Courtship, Mating, Marriage, and Parenting. Sexual Politics. References: Glossary. Index.
Does Gender Matter? an Exploratory Study of Perspectives Across Genders, Age and Education

Using a convenience sample and survey research methods, the authors seek to better understand how perspectives on gender are shaped by individuals’ age, level of education and gender. Study participants responded in writing to scenarios and survey questions, revealing their personal views on gender as an identity category and as a marker in the social hierarchy. Analysis indicated that there were differences between male and female views on these dimensions of gender, and that age and educational levels were also influential. While younger respondents from both genders demonstrated flexibility in their definitions of gender and expressed strong support for gender equality, they were noticeably lacking in their knowledge of the historical context of gender relations and did not show the skills required to realise their ideals of gender equality, especially when compared to older respondents of both genders with higher levels of educational attainment.
Development of the Ion Exchange-Gravimetric Method for Sodium in Serum as a Definitive Method.

An ion exchange-gravimetric method, previously developed as a National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) reference method for the determination of sodium in human serum, has been re-evaluated and improved. Sources of analytical error in this method have been examined more critically and the overall uncertainties decreased. Additionally, greater accuracy and repeatability have been achieved by the application of this definitive method to a sodium chloride reference material. In this method sodium in serum is ion-exchanged, selectively eluted and converted to a weighable precipitate as Na2SO4. Traces of sodium eluting before or after the main fraction, and precipitate contaminants are determined instrumentally. Co-precipitating contaminants contribute less than 0.1 % while the analyte lost to other eluted ion-exchange fractions contributes less than 0.02 % to the total precipitate mass. With improvements, the relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) of the method, as applied to serum, is 0.3 % to 0.4 % and is less than 0.1 % when applied to a sodium chloride reference material.
Optical pulse shaping with a grating pair

A passive pulse-shaping system capable of producing optical pulses of arbitrary temporal profile on the subnansecond time scale is described and analyzed. The system uses a pair of gratings in a delay line and various filtering operations. An experimental investigation of the system is described, and several results are included.
A Computational Basis to Object

To use an object, we must be able to perceive the spatial relationship between the object's parts. The accepted view of how the brain coherently encodes an object is that some neurons in the frontal cortex employ an object-centered coordinate frame. A new computational model challenges this view, using the rich conceptual framework of neural basis functions.
The development study of a centrifuging technique for oilfield production pit closure

Etude de la possibilite d'utiliser des techniques de centrifugation pour traiter les dechets des puits de production des champs de petrole. Le processus se deroule en 2 etapes: separation par centrifugation des solides puis conditionnement chimique et deshydratation. Les essais sont realises dans une installation de traitement en vraie grandeur. L'influence de la force centrifuge et de la vitesse de centrifugation sur la composition chimique et la qualite des produits de deshydratation est determinee. La teneur en metaux lourds des dechets, avant et apres deshydratation est analysee en fonction des reglementations de protection de l'environnement en vigueur
Mode of termination of pallidal afferents to the thalamus: a light and electron microscopic study with anterograde tracers and immunocytochemistry in Macaca mulatta.

The mode of termination of individual pallidothalamic fibers in the densicellular subdivision of the ventral anterior thalamic nucleus (VAdc) of Macaca mulatta was analyzed with light and electron microscopy after injections of anterograde tracers in the medial globus pallidus. Three tracers were utilized: tritiated leucine, biotinylated dextran amine, and wheat germ agglutinin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase in combination with postembedding immunocytochemsitry for gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Pallidothalamic fibers, upon entering the VAdc, gave off several collaterals that formed plexuses of varicose terminal branches within different cell clusters. The varicosities were aligned along somata and proximal dendrites of projection neurons providing dense input to each individual cell. At the electron microscopic level, labeled boutons displayed a predominantly flat and elongated shape. They contained a moderate number of pleomorphic synaptic vesicles and very large amounts of mitochondria, displayed symmetric synaptic contacts, and were immunoreactive for GABA. In the total sample of 128 autoradiographically labeled terminals, 64% were in synaptic contact with somata and primary dendrites of projection neurons, 14% formed synapses on proximal dendrites of undefined order, and only 7% established synaptic contacts on distal dendrites. Fifteen percent of the labeled boutons established synapses on distal dendrites of GABAergic local circuit neurons (LCN). Pallidal boutons were also found in complex synaptic arrangements: triads with three GABAergic synapses, and serial synapses with LCN dendrites that in turn established synaptic contacts on projection neuron somata or dendrites. These anatomical results suggest a dual effect of pallidal afferents to projection neurons: direct inhibition and disinhibition mediated by LCN. The findings indicate that the fine structure of pallidothalamic terminals in the monkey is similar to that described earlier in the cat. There are, however, interspecies differences in the distribution of pallidal input on postsynaptic targets and its participation in complex synaptic arrangements. J. Comp. Neurol. 386:601–612, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Nanobubble collapse on a silica surface in water: billion-atom reactive molecular dynamics simulations.

Cavitation bubbles occur in fluids subjected to rapid changes in pressure. We use billion-atom reactive molecular dynamics simulations on a 163 840-processor BlueGene/P supercomputer to investigate damage caused by shock-induced collapse of nanobubbles in water near an amorphous silica surface. Collapse of an empty bubble generates a high-speed nanojet, which causes pitting on the silica surface. We find pit radii are close to bubble radii, and experiments also indicate linear scaling between them. The gas-filled bubbles undergo partial collapse and, consequently, the damage on the silica surface is mitigated.
Efficacy of encainide in supraventricular arrhythmias

This review summarizes the data from all the studies conducted in the United States and Europe that have evaluated the efficacy of encainide in patients with a variety of supraventricular arrhythmias. Using clinical criteria of efficacy, encainide was found to be effective or partially effective in 77% of patients evaluated by electrophysiologic means. Similar levels of efficacy were observed in patients with AV as well as AV nodal reentry arrhythmias. Patients with other forms of supraventricular arrhythmias in smaller series also experienced comparable degrees of efficacy. Encainide was discontinued because of intolerance by 8% of the patients in these studies: 6% because of side effects and 2% because of proarrhythmia.
Development of a dovetail fretting fatigue fixture for turbine engine materials

Abstract A unique dovetail fretting fatigue fixture was designed and evaluated for testing turbine engine materials at room or elevated temperatures. Cold section and hot section materials from military turbojet engines were chosen for testing. These included Ti-6Al-4V, Rene’88DT, and Rene’N5. The new fixture was improved over a previously used dovetail fretting fatigue fixture by including instrumentation for direct measurement of the normal contact force, alignment control, and elevated temperature capability. Measurement of the shear component of the contact force was validated through an alternative instrumentation method. Investigation of the thermal gradient in the specimen and pads was conducted. Initial test results revealed interesting variability in the behavior of the nickel based superalloy specimens at elevated temperature.
A low cost option of using computers to initiate large scale instructional innovation

College-level faculty are often among the most reluctant to become involved in systematic instructional design activities. Particularly in the liberal arts disciplines, there is a prevalent point of view that the effectiveness of instruction will be improved more by setting higher admissions standards and failing more students than by deliberately tailoring instruction to prespecified behavioral outcomes, and providing students with a means of identifying and remediating skill areas that impede subsequent instruction. In this presentation, a recently developed set of procedures are described which have shown to be effective in involving typically disinterested instructors in a meaningful instructional design process, These procedures use a testing center and computer management as the catalyst to the design process. This presentation provides an overview of how involvement of instructor is accomplished, and a summary of results obtained through ensuing instructional development activities.
Ontology formalisms: what is appropriate for different applications?

Ontologies can take many forms. There are ontologies that are extremely formal (e.g., using first order logic), and there are ontologies that are less formally defined (e.g., ontologies in the relational databases or dictionaries). Nonetheless, all of these can be considered ontologies and are appropriate in different situations.In this paper, I will present a view of levels of ontology formalizations and then describe three efforts that have applied ontologies to solve real-world problems. I will show where each of these efforts fall on the formalization spectrum and show why that level of formalization is appropriate for that application.
Influence of Inbreeding on Egg Production in the Domestic Fowl

Abstract THE consequences of inbreeding in poultry assume greater importance as hybridization becomes more widespread in the poultry industry. Hybrid chickens are being sold commercially today, and an important phase in the breeding program is the development and maintenance of inbred lines. The primary effect of inbreeding is to produce homozygosis. As a consequence of this increased homozygosis, the individuals may show a decline in performance. This decline in performance is perhaps the most important single limiting factor in the development and maintenance of inbred lines. Relatively little is known regarding the exact nature of these adverse effects. Wilson (1948) pointed out that reproductive performance is the product of four biological components: (1) egg production; (2) fertility; (3) hatchability, and (4) viability of offspring. Knowledge of the effect of inbreeding on each of these characteristics is necessary for the poultry breeder to make intelligent decisions regarding the number and size of …
An n -dimensional Borg-Levinson theorem

We show that the potentialq is uniquely determined by the spectrum, and boundary values of the normal derivatives of the eigenfunctions of the Schrodinger operator −Δ+q with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded domain Ω in ℝ n . This and related results can be viewed as a direct generalization of the theorem in the title, which states that the spectrum and the norming constants determine the potential in the one dimensional case.
EFFICIENT PARALLEL ALGORITHMS FOR PATTERN RECOGNITION

Finitely inductive (Fl) sequences are a class of sequences, finite or infinite, which are amenable to a certain mathematical representation which has direct significance to pattern recognition and string matching. Pattern recognition using the Fl technique first transforms known patterns into function table(s) by factoring, and then uses the function table(s) to match an input pattern by following. Factoring is done off line and only once for each pattern. The sequential time for matching two sequences depends only upon the length of the input sequence. In this paper, we propose cost-optimal (i.e., efficient) parallel algorithms for Fl sequence processing. These algorithms include parallel factoring and following by bucket packing on an exclusive-read and exclusive-write (EREW), parallel random access machine (PRAM) model. The proposed algorithms also have implications to parallel integer sorting.
Hegel's Metaphysics: Changing the Debate

There are two general approaches to Hegel's theoretical philosophy which are broadly popular in recent work. Debate between them is often characterized, by both sides, as a dispute between those favoring a more traditional “metaphysical” approach and those favoring a newer “non-metaphysical” approach. But I argue that the most important and compelling points made by both sides are actually independent of the idea of a “non-metaphysical” interpretation of Hegel, which is itself simply unconvincing. The most promising directions for future research, for those on both sides of recent debates, will require recognizing that Hegel's theoretical philosophy includes a metaphysics, and engaging new debates about the specific character of that metaphysics.
Towards SDN enabled network control delegation in clouds

In today's IaaS clouds users only get a logical view of the underlying network and have limited control. Delegating more control to end users would be beneficial but would also raise security concerns for the provider. Emerging Software Defined Networking (SDN) technologies have the capabilities to facilitate delegation of network controls and provide some level of network abstractions to end users. However, any delegation solution should try to balance the level of controls delegated to end users with the security constraints of the provider. In this paper, we propose a SDN-based framework to facilitate delegation of some network controls to end users, providing the means to monitor and configure their own slices of the underlying networks. Using two instantiations of this framework, we illustrate the tradeoffs between security and the level of network abstractions provided to end users.
Tail-recursive Distributed Representations and Simple Recurrent Networks

Representation poses important challenges to connectionism. The ability to compose representations structurally is critical in achieving the capability considered necessary for cognition. We are investigating distributed patterns that represent structure as part of a larger effort to develop a natural language processor. Recursive auto-associative memory (RAAM) representations show unusual promise as a general vehicle for representing classical symbolic structures in a way that supports compositionality. However, RAAMs are limited to representations for fixed-valence structures and can often be difficult to train. We provide a technique for mapping any ordered collection (forest) of hierarchical structures (trees) into a set of training patterns which can be used effectively in training a simple recurrent network (SRN) to develop RAAM-style distributed representations. The advantages in our technique are three-fold: first, the fixed-valence restriction on structures represented by patterns trained with RA...
Preconditioning nonconforming finite element methods for treating Dirichlet boundary conditions. II

This work deals with theH 1 condition numbers and the distribution of theB h singular values of the preconditioned operators {B h ?1 A h }0<h<1, whereA h andB h are finite element discretizations of second order elliptic operators,A andB respectively.B is also assumed to be self-adjoint and positive definite. For conforming finite elements, Parter and Wong have shown that the singular values "cluster" in a positive finite interval. Goldstein also has derived results on the spectral distribution ofB h ?1 A h using a different approach. As a generalization of the results of Parter and Wong, the current work includes nonconforming finite element methods which deal with Dirichlet boundary conditions. It will be shown that, in this more general setting, the singular values also "cluster" in a positive finite interval. In particular, if the leading part ofB is the same as the leading part ofA, then the singular values cluster about the point {1}. Two specific methods are given as applications of this theory. They are the penalty method of Babuska and the method of "nearly zero" boundary conditions of Nitsche. Finally, it will be shown that the same results can be proven by an approach generalized from the work of Goldstein.
Development of TORAYCA prepreg P2302 carbon fiber reinforced plastic for aircraft primary structural materials

The structure of prepregs (TORAYCA Prepreg P2302) for aircraft primary structure materials consists of TORAYCA T800H, high-strength carbon fibers, and 3900-2, high toughness resin and the improvement of impact resistance was achieved while maintaining superior heat resistance of epoxy matrices. The TORAYCA Prepreg 2302 satisfies environment resistance and durability necessary as a structural material and has been accepted as an industrial material because of its superiority in prepreg handling properties which are important for actual fabrication. The P2302 is used for empenage and floor beams of the B777 by Boeing and also contributes to light-weight of primary structural materials for aircraft.
Applications of Pulsed Neutrons from a Spallation Source

This paper brings to a focus the major current limitation of the application of thermal neutron scattering in condensed matter research - source intensity. The pulsed spallation source provides a means of gaining an order of magnitude increase over the best steady-state reactors, while at the same time it opens up a much broader, and potentially very rich region of excitations to neutron scattering.
Involvement of volatile sulfur compounds in ionizing radiation-induced off-odor of fresh orange juice

: The influences of ionizing radiation on volatile sulfur compounds in fresh Valencia orange juice were analyzed using gas chromatography (GC)-pulsed flame photometric detection and sensory evaluation. Methyl sulfide (MS) and methanethiol (MT) were induced most, followed by dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide. Carbon disulfide was reduced by irradiation, while hydrogen sulfide was not consistently affected. Sensory evaluation indicated that the odor of irradiated juice differed from the nonirradiated samples at 0.5, 1, 2, or 3 kGy. Addition of the 2 major irradiation-induced sulfur compounds (MS and MT) into fresh juice changed the juice odor, indicating that those 2 compounds were probably involved in the development of irradiation-induced off-odor.
Nitrogen immobilization by wood-chip application: Protecting water quality in a northern hardwood forest

Abstract Forest harvesting disrupts the nitrogen cycle, which may affect stream water quality by increasing nitrate concentrations, reducing pH and acid neutralizing capacity, and mobilizing aluminum and base cations. We tested the application of wood chips derived from logging slash to increase immobilization of N after harvesting, which should reduce nitrate flux to streams. In August 2004, a stand of northern hardwoods was patch-clearcut in the Catskill Mountains, NY, and four replicates of three treatments were implemented in five 0.2-ha cut patches. Wood chips were applied to the soil surface at a rate equivalent to the amount of slash smaller than eight inches in diameter (1× treatment). A second treatment doubled that rate (2×), and a third treatment received no chips (0×). Additionally, three uncut reference plots were established in nearby forested areas. Ion exchange resin bags and soil KCl-extractions were used to monitor nitrate availability in the upper 5–10 cm of soil approximately every seven weeks, except in winter. Resin bags indicated that the wood chips retained 30% or 42% of the nitrate pulse, while for KCl extracts, the retention rate was 78% or 100% of the difference between 0× and uncut plots. During the fall following harvest, wood-chip treated plots had resin bag soil nitrate concentrations about 25% of those in 0× plots (p = 0.0001). In the first growing season after the cut, nitrate concentrations in wood-chip treated plots for KCl extracts were 13% of those in 0× treatments (p = 0.03) in May and about half those in 0× treatments (p = 0.01) in July for resin bags. During spring snowmelt, however, nitrate concentrations were high and indistinguishable among treatments, including the uncut reference plots for resin bags and below detection limit for KCl extracts. Wood chips incubated in litterbags had an initial C:N of 125:1, which then decreased to 70:1 after one year of field incubation. These changes in C:N values indicate that the wood-chip application can potentially immobilize between 19 and 38 kg N ha−1 in the first year after harvesting, depending on the rate of wood-chip application. Our results suggest that the application of wood chips following harvesting operations can contribute to the protection of water quality and warrant additional research as a new Best Management Practice following cutting in regions that receive elevated levels of atmospheric N deposition.
Object‐oriented database systems in manufacturing: selection and applications

As manufacturing systems change from island of automation to enterprise‐wise integration, object‐oriented database and database management systems have many superior features to meet the new requirements. Based on the comparison with relational databases, this paper discusses the selections and characteristics of the object‐oriented database and database management systems (OODBMS) in manufacturing and summarizes the current studies and applications. It helps managers to choose appropriate OODBMS products based on the degree of complexity of their firm’s entity and data items. It provides a direction for future research.
Effect of purine and pyrimidine analogues on reversion of a tryptophan-requiring strain of Escherichia coli.

WE suggested recently that nucleic acid precursors, altered in vivo by ultra-violet light, are involved as chemical intermediates in the induction of mutation1. We have since reported that, in the absence of an adequate source of nitrogen, an immediate and rapid decline in the frequency of mutations induced by ultra-violet light occurs (‘mutation frequency decline’)2. We demonstrated that the prevention of this decline depends on the availability immediately following exposure to radiation of a supply of amino-acids, and suggested that the amino-acids are involved in a process of temporary ‘stabilization’ of the ‘potential mutation’ (the modified purine or pyrimidine) in the cell prior to its effect in the induction of mutation (‘mutation stabilization’)2. The potential mutation is ultimately ‘fixed’ into the cell and is no longer subject to those conditions which previously resulted in decline in mutation frequency (‘mutation fixation’)2. Recently we have reported that the progression of ‘mutation fixation’ is closely correlated with the synthesis of ribonucleic acid in the culture, and suggested that the initial mutagenic event involves the incorporation of the modified nucleic acid precursor into ribonucleic acid3. We wish to report here experiments which determine the effect of certain purine and pyrimidine analogues on reversion induced by ultra-violet light in an auxotrophic strain of Escherichia coli.
Inhibition of mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I by TNF results in cytochrome c release, membrane permeability transition, and apoptosis

Mitochondria have been shown to play a key role in apoptosis induction. However, the sequence of changes that occur in the mitochondria in the initial step of apoptosis has not been clearly elucidated. Here, we showed that mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC) complex I was inhibited during the early phase of TNF- or serum withdrawal apoptosis. The importance of complex I inhibition in apoptosis is also supported by the observation that rotenone, an inhibitor of complex I but not that of other complexes, could induce apoptosis in a manner comparable to TNF. We hypothesized that inhibition of complex I could affect electron flow through other complexes leading to cytochrome c release by an antioxidant-sensitive pathway and caspase 3 activation followed by the induction of membrane permeability transition (MPT). This hypothesis is supported by the following observations: (1) TNF and rotenone induced MPT and cytochrome c release; (2) TNF-induced complex I inhibition was observed prior to cytochrome c release and MPT induction; (3) MPT induction was inhibited by a caspase 3 inhibitor, z-DEVD-CH2F, and an antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), whereas cytochrome c release was only inhibited by PDTC. Thus, these results suggest that MRC complex I plays a key role in apoptosis signalings.
1064-nm Nd:YAG laser nucleotomy

The high incidence of patients with clinical and neurological symptoms of lumbar disc herniation has spurred the development of less invasive and more cost efficient methods to treat patients. In this study we evaluated pulsed and continuous wave (cw) 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser ablation and induced thermal damage in sheep intervertebral disc. We used the Heraeus LaserSonics Hercules 5040 (Nd:YAG) laser system and 400 micrometers bare and 600 micrometers ball-tipped fibers in cw and pulsed mode. For the laser parameters and fibers used in this study, ablation of the intervertebral disc was successful and thermal damage did not exceed 0.5 mm. Varying beam diameters and focusing abilities (i.e., bare and ball) did not produce any difference in the coagulation thermal effect.
Transient effects in the microwave optical double resonance of cyclopentanone

Abstract We have observed microwave-driven inversion and recovery of the populations of the spin sublevels of the chemically reactive ,nΠ* triplet state of cyclopentanone at 77,4.2 and 1.4°K. By analyzing the transients in the phosphorescence, we have extracted the values of the kinetic parameters for the population and depopulation of the sublevels. The kinetics at 77°K are glossly different from those which prevail in the liquid helium temperature range.
Longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicidality.

Purpose To examine longitudinal associations between community violence exposure and suicide ideation and attempt, and whether depressive symptoms and aggressive behavior are intervening variables in this association.
Eley−Rideal Dynamics of the Chlorine Atom Abstraction of Hydrogen Chemisorbed on Silicon

The reaction probability and product-state energy distribution in the Eley−Rideal reaction of gas-phase atomic chlorine with hydrogen atoms chemisorbed on a silicon surface are studied by use of the classical trajectory approach. Our model for study is based on reaction zone atoms interacting with a finite number of primary-system silicon atoms, which are coupled to the heat bath. At a gas temperature of 1500 K and a surface temperature of 300 K, all reactive events occur on a subpicosecond time scale as a result of efficient energy flow from the gas atom to the adatom−surface bond. These events are localized around the adatom site on the surface. Most of the reaction exothermicity is deposited into the translational and vibrational motions of HCl, producing a non-Boltzmann distribution. The reaction probability increases rapidly as the gas temperature is raised from 300 to 1000 K, above which it remains nearly constant at about 0.18. All product molecules leaving the surface undergo a cartwheel-like rota...
Serum fatty acid distributions in postmenopausal women

Abstract Serum fatty acids had been studied for more than 30 years. In the investigations of the relation with the risks of coronary heart disease, fatty acids were examined in either serum total lipids or in one or two lipid fractions, the results were not conclusive. The purpose of this study was to report serum fatty acid compositions in total lipids (TL) and in lipid fractions: cholesterol esters (CE), phospholipids (PL), and triglycerides (TG). One hundred and four postmenopausal women who were living in Allegheny Country, Pennsylvania, USA and not taking hormone replacement therapy at the time of their first year clinic visit after cessation of menses were selected to be studied. Fifteen fatty acids in TL, CE, PL, and TG were measured and identified by capillary gas chromatography. A aliquot control serum was measured repeatedly for assessment of quality control. The coefficient of variation for common fatty acids was 8.2% for stearic acid in TL, 12.4% for palmitic acid in PL, 9.1% for oleic acid in CE, and 4.5% for palmitic acid in TG. We report results from both quantitative (mg/dl) and qualitative (mole %) analyses. The weight of fasting serum total fatty acids were 366.6 mg/dl in TL, 80.6 mg/dl in CE, 107.8 mg/dl in PL, and 56.9 mg/dl in TG. The p/s ratios of serum fatty acids were 1.33, 3.57, 0.64, and 0.51 in TL, CE, PL, and TG, respectively. Fatty acid distributions from both quantitative and qualitative measurements are to be evaluated for the relation with coronary heart disease.
A new family of energetic ionic liquids 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates

A new class of energetic ionic liquids based upon 1-amino-3-alkyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrates (alkyl = methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, 2-propenyl, and n-butyl) has been synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectra, multinuclear NMR, elemental as well as contaminant analyses, and DSC studies. A single crystal X-ray study was carried out for 1-amino-3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium nitrate and the details will be presented.
What men want: the role of reflective opposite-sex normative preferences in alcohol use among college women.

Misperceptions of peer drinking norms have been found to be strongly associated with individual drinking behavior, especially for proximal reference groups such as same-sex friends. Less studied are the effects of perceived preferences from the opposite sex on alcohol use; that is, the behaviors an individual believe the opposite sex prefers from them. Research suggests that these perceived “reflective” normative preferences may be particularly salient among college women, who may drink in pursuit of intimate relationships and positive attention from male peers. Heterosexual undergraduate students from two universities participated in this project. Females answered questions regarding the amount of alcohol they believe a typical male would like his female friends, dates, or romantic partners to drink. Males answered the same questions, stating their actual preferences. Results showed that females overestimate the amount of alcohol males want their female friends, dating partners, and sexual partners to drink, and that this misperception was associated with their drinking behavior, even after controlling for perceived same-sex norms. These results suggest that reflective normative feedback may offer a powerful new tool for female-targeted interventions.
Optimal dimension reduction for image retrieval with correlation metrics

We investigate content-based image retrieval employing a representation of images based on the statistics of their spectral components and a new linear dimension reduction technique. This linear dimension reduction technique is designed to optimize class separation with respect to metrics derived from cross-correlation of spectral histograms. Our approach to retrieval involves a preliminary classification step to index images in a database followed by a class-by-class retrieval step. We carry out several experiments with the Corel database and compare the outcome with several results previously reported in the literature.
Cholera transmission dynamic models for public health practitioners.

Great progress has been made in mathematical models of cholera transmission dynamics in recent years. However, little impact, if any, has been made by models upon public health decision-making and day-to-day routine of epidemiologists. This paper provides a brief introduction to the basics of ordinary differential equation models of cholera transmission dynamics. We discuss a basic model adapted from Codeco (2001), and how it can be modified to incorporate different hypotheses, including the importance of asymptomatic or inapparent infections, and hyperinfectious V. cholerae and human-to-human transmission. We highlight three important challenges of cholera models: (1) model misspecification and parameter uncertainty, (2) modeling the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions and (3) model structure. We use published models, especially those related to the 2010 Haitian outbreak as examples. We emphasize that the choice of models should be dictated by the research questions in mind. More collaboration is needed between policy-makers, epidemiologists and modelers in public health.
Visual “Literacy”: A Theoretical Synthesis

People who study visual communication commonly assume that the ability to recognize the content of still or moving images requires prior familiarity with a set of representational conventions. This article argues against this notion. Drawing on recent theoretical developments regarding visual cognition, the article contends that an image's lack of fidelity to visual reality need not impede interpretation by an inexperienced viewer, so long as the image is able to satisfy certain minimal informational requirements of, real-world vision. An outline of these requirements serves as the basis for a set of predictions about inexperienced viewers’ability to make sense of a variety of representational conventions, and these predictions are checked against available empirical evidence. Since there is in fact considerable research with a bearing on the issues examined here, the article's aim is to provide a theoretical synthesis and explanation of the findings of this research.
Widespread pain in temporomandibular disorders

SUMMARY Chronic widespread pain (CWP) represents pain involving several regions of the body. Various psychological and social risk factors such as poor general health status, sleep disturbance, fatigue and high psychological distress have been identified for the development of CWP. Numerous chronic pain conditions are comorbid, resulting in the development of CWP in many of these patients. Temporomandibular disorder is one of the most extensively studied chronic musculoskeletal pain condition in terms of its comorbidity with CWP and fibromyalgia. It has been proposed that these comorbid pain disorders share common denominators, including exposure to certain environmental events, elevated psychological distress, pain amplification and genetic predisposition. Increased awareness of CWP is important for improved diagnoses and more effective pain management. Patients with CWP can be effectively managed in multidisciplinary pain clinics.
When do older adults become disabled ? Social and health antecedents of perceived disability in a panel study of the oldest old

Disability carries negative social meaning, and little is known about when (or if), in the process of health decline, persons identify themselves as “disabled” We examine the social and health criteria that older adults use to subjectively rate their own disability status. Using a panel study of older adults (ages 72+), we estimate ordered probit and growth curve models of perceived disability over time. Total prevalent morbidity, functional limitations, and cognitive impairment are predictors of perceived disability. Cessation of driving and receipt of home health care also influence older adults’ perceptions of their own disability. A dense social network slowed the rate of labeling oneself disabled, while health anxiety accelerated the process over time, independent of health status. When considering perceived disability, the oldest old use multidimensional criteria capturing function, recent changes in health status and social networks, and anxiety about their health.
Pulse Wave Reflections at the Aorto-Iliac Junction:

For pressure pulses to be transmitted to vital organ vascular beds, minimum loss through vascular branching junctions is necessary. Experimental measurements of pulse wave velocities and cross-sectional areas allowed branching reflections to be quantified. Wave reflections at normal aorto-iliac junction is minimal. Increased reflection occurs when the branch vessel is either narrowed or occluded. Also, geometric factors dominate over elastic factors in determining the amount of pulse wave reflections at the aorto-iliac junction.
Following Immunization Antigen Becomes Concentrated in a Limited Number of APCs Including B Cells

Immunization with the hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) protein induces T cells to various of its peptide determinants. The distribution of such T cells, however, does not correlate with the peptide level of each epitope on class II molecules. For this reason, we sought information on the cells responsible for Ag presentation following immunization, hoping to understand the lack of immunodominance in this system. By tracking HEL, and the ensuing peptide/MHC complexes, we find the following: 1) that HEL in the draining lymph node gets concentrated in a limited number of APC, particularly in dendritic cells and macrophages, 2) that these APC are functionally capable of presenting both major and minor determinants of HEL over a 100-fold range of Ag dose, and 3) that B cells present Ag gained at early times after immunization, but only following higher dose immunization. These data indicate that the breadth of a response is maintained over a wide dosage range by concentration of Ag in a limited number of cells presenting high levels and a great diversity of epitopes.
The importance of radiative corrections

I did not invent the title of this talk. It was invented by the Organising Committee. I thought it was a bit funny because everyone who is here must know why they are working on radiative corrections. It seems the oddest place to have to explain why radiative corrections are important. Also most of you have probably spent more time than I have recently on the subject. So what do I do? I am sure you do not want me to talk on very technical matters.