cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acoustic signalling and its possible relationship to assembling and navigation in the moth, Heliothis zea

Abstract Evidence for the use of sensory modes other than olfaction in the assembly of moths is discussed. It is proposed that a multitude of sensing and signalling methods may be used. To support this hypothesis the role of ultrasonic emissions in Heliothis zea from the standpoint of its usefulness to the animal in communication and navigation was investigated. It was found that H. zea emits a rapidly damped 50 kc ultrasonic burst every 25 msec in synchronization with the wing beat, but not automatically produced by the wing beat. The burst is composed of two 185 μ sec pulses of six oscillations each and the pulses are separated from each other by 190 μ sec. Ultrasonic emissions were sporadic during the morning and afternoon hours, but became very regular in the late afternoon and evening. The effective sound pressure was greatest in the topside direction and least below. At a distance of 1·5 cm the average effective sound pressure was 98·5 dB re 0·0002 μ bar. Using 0·02 μ bar as the threshold for hearing in the moth, an analysis of the moth's acoustic capabilities was made. It was concluded that the ultrasonic emissions combined with the acoustic properties of the ears provided an echo-locating capability which could be used for the detection of large objects at a distance of over 2 m and the resolution of details down to 7 mm at distances up to 24 cm. Signalling for the purpose of assembling would be effective at distances of over 4 m and combined with olfactory information it should be of value in locating a mate.
Close But Not Close Enough

The authors comment on an earlier aritice in Society by Eugene Goodheart and offer a novel hypothesis about the origins of religion.
Terminal lens cell differentiation. I. Histological and microspectrophotometric analysis of nuclear degeneration.

Abstract Embryonic and postembryonic chick lenses were analyzed histologically, and changes in the structure of the lens epithelium, the annular pad, and the lens fiber area were studied. Pycnotic nuclei appear in the center of the fiber area by eight days of development. Gradually, an increasing number of fiber cell nuclei degenerate, undergo pycnosis, and finally disappear. With massive localized degeneration and disappearance of fiber cell nuclei, the wave of pycnosis spreads peripherally. These events follow a strict temporal and spatial pattern. Relative amounts of DNA in nuclei of various lens cell populations were estimated by Feulgen and ultraviolet microspectrophotometry. During pycnosis, fiber cell nuclei gradually lose their DNA. In comparison with sperm, the chick lens epithelial cell population falls within the 2C–4C range of DNA content. We have not found high ploidy in any part of the lens at any stage of its development and growth.
The effects of inhibitors of protein synthesis on incorporation of lipids into myelin.

— Following intracranial injections of puromycin, the incorporation of [3H]leucine into brain protein was inhibited by 80 per cent. Conversely, incorporation of [35S]sulphate into sulphatide or [2-3H]glycerol into phosphatidyl choline was not inhibited. Under these conditions, appearance of labelled protein in myelin was inhibited by 90 per cent, while the appearance of newly labelled sulphatide and phosphatidyl choline in myelin membrane was not greatly affected. Experiments with cycloheximide gave similar results with phosphatidyl choline, but incorporation of [35S]sulphate into total sulphatide was decreased by about 30 per cent in animals given cycloheximide. Neither puromycin nor cycloheximide had any inhibitory effect on galactocerebroside sulphotransferase.
National implementation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI): Policy constraints and strategies

Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) is a pediatric care management strategy that has been shown to improve health care service quality and increase health care cost savings in multi-country evaluations. However, many countries have faced significant training, health system, political, and financial constraints to national implementation and, as a result, have not been able to observe sustained benefits of IMCI. This article reviews the literature for evidence of IMCI health impacts, common implementation constraints, and policy strategies for health system strengthening and successful implementation.
Play Things: Children’s Racialized Mechanical Banks and Toys, 1880–1930

The reproduction of racism and class-based oppression are taught to children through various cultural media, including toys and games. Between 1880 and 1930, the popularity of racialized toys and banks were fear-based responses to the perceived encroachment by “foreign and exotic” migrations of African American, Chinese, Irish and Native Americans into the cultural landscape of white middle-class America. This article analyzes how artifacts associated with children, such as mechanical banks, clockwork figures, and other toys are part of a larger cultural structure that viewed race and class as inseparable, and that these objects were essential in the development of a learned habitus that exposed white middle class children in the Victorian era to a racially and class oriented world. We argue that these objects reflect both the times in which they were made, and illuminate the relationship between adults and a newfound emphasis on children and childhood, in which toys serves as symbolic mediators of culture.
Spatial Distribution of Spartina pectinata Transplants to Restore Wet Prairie

Restoration of wet prairie in the central midwestern United States should include Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata), but historic densities of this once dominant species are not easily achieved. Spartina pectinata was transplanted into a former agricultural field in three planting strategies: 20 small plugs, 4 medium-sized plugs, and a single large plug, with each treatment area totaling 0.6 m 2 . Plugs were sampled annually for 3 years to determine which planting strategy produced highest survival, area, stem density (per unit vegetated area), and height of S. pectinata It was also determined whether these factors varied with microtopography, and the resulting differences in flooding, within the restoration site. Stem density and height of restored S. pectinata were also compared to reference S. pectinata communities, including both pristine populations and the source of transplants. Because soil particle size and soil nitrogen content can influence S. pectinata stem density and height, these soil characteristics were also tested in restored and reference sites. Three years after planting, S. pectinata survived in all planted plots regardless of planting strategy or microtopography, with an overall survival rate of 89.8% at the end of the study. The small plug treatment produced the greatest area after 3 years (3.99 m 2 ), compared with the final area of medium (1.18 m 2 )a nd large plug treatments (0.79 m 2 ). Stem density of small and medium plugs decreased dramatically during the sampling period, whereas density of large plugs increased. Height did not vary among planting strategies, and microtopography did not affect area, stem density, or height. Reference populations of S. pectinata had greater stem density and height than the transplanted plugs in the restoration, and these differences cannot be attributed to soil particle size or soil nitrogen. This study indicates that more than 3 years is needed to create area, density, or height of S. pectinata similar to established wet prairie populations. Planting many small plugs yields the greatest area of S. pectinata, and including some large plugs may add dense physical structure to wet prairie restoration.
Interaction Between Concurrent Transactions in the Design of Distributed Databases

A distributed database system allows concurrent execution of transactions from multiple users at multiple locations. This paper presents a general scheme of including the effect of interaction between such transactions in the design process of distributed databases. This scheme allows the decision maker to choose the most appropriate design for a distributed database. The interaction effect is a consequence of concurrency control procedures and contention for system resources. Prior research has not included all components of the interaction effect in the design process. A separate module, called an interaction module, was built to measure the interaction effect using a comprehensive simulation model of a general purpose relational distributed database management system (DBMS). The interaction module can be interfaced with any distributed database design system as an add-on module so that the interaction effect can be included in the design process. A detailed example demonstrates the use of the interaction module in the decision-making process. Experiments conducted using the module show that the interaction effect can be significant and that it can affect the choice of the design. Experiments were also conducted to measure the sensitivity of design choices under changing input conditions.
Effects of temperature and environment on fatigue crack growth in ordered (Fe, Ni)3 V-type alloys

The effects of long range order, test temperature, and test environment on fatigue crack growth of two (Fe, Ni)3 V-type ordered alloys have been determined. Long range order suppressed crack growth at low and intermediate δK, but had less effect at high δK. Crack growth resistance of the ordered alloys decreased at 600 ‡C, but still compared favorably to that of several commercial high temperature alloys. Crack growth resistance of ordered material was decreased in the presence of hydrogen (precharged or gaseous), accompanied by a change in fracture path from transgranular to intergranular. Disordered material was nearly unaffected by hydrogen. The effects of long range order and hydrogen exposure on crack growth rates are discussed in terms of the characteristic superlattice dislocations in ordered alloys.
Survey Of Millimeter-Wave Guiding Structures

A number of waveguiding structures for millimeter-wave use are compared from the characteristic and application points of view.
Viewing quality of life in the larger context

The present article discusses four aspects of the emerging concept of quality of life that are currently impacting significantly on policy development and habilitation services for persons with intellectual disability. These four include: (1) basing policy and service delivery upon an agreed upon model of quality of life; (2) using quality enhancement techniques to increase consumer referenced outcomes; (3) considering quality assurance as a type of internal program evaluation built around a number of critical quality indicators that are agreed upon and assessed jointly by the consumer, service provider and regulatory body; and (4) conducting internal program evaluation and implementing quality enhancement techniques if necessary to improve consumer referenced outcomes. The general thesis of the article is that quality of life needs to be viewed in the larger context of policy and program development, service delivery, and program evaluation, and not as an attribute that some persons may have more or less of.
Lymphokines (MIF) in the serum of patients with sarcoidosis and cutaneous granuloma annulare.

SUMMARY Serum MIF activity was studied in ten patients with sarcoidosis, fourteen with granuloma annulare, four with necrobiosis lipoidica, and nine with various dermatological diseases. Positive MIF activity was found in the sera of nine of the ten patients with sarcoidosis and eleven of the fourteen patients with granuloma annulare. The delayed hypersensitivity tests were negative in all nine of the patients with sarcoidosis who had serum MIF activity and were positive in only three patients with cutaneous sarcoid lesions. One of four patients with necrobiosis lipoidica demonstrated minimal serum MIF activity. Data on serum lymphokine activity in sarcoidosis and granuloma annulare suggest that these two diseases are related to delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.
Efficient network security as a strategic game

We implement game and mechanism design theories to develop a network-wide autonomous consumer-centric and delay-efficient security protocol, DSIC-S. It induces a dominant strategy incentive compatible equilibrium among all rational and selfish nodes. We show that our protocol is network-wide socially desirable and Pareto optimal. DSIC-S guarantees the delivery of consumer’s security services within desired levels, naturally and trustfully, reinforced by our nesting security model. We address resource management and delay-efficiency through synergy of several design aspects. We propose a scenario-based security model with different levels. We incorporate a valuation system to integrate the caused delay at each node in selection of security algorithms without consumer’s knowledge of the actual delays. We achieve this by incorporating our valuation system, in particular that of the consumer’s, in the calculation of the credit transfers with Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) payments and Clarke’s pivotal rule. We prove that DSIC-S design solves the revelation theorem’s problem of misrepresentation of agents’ private information in mechanism design theory. We propose an incentive model and incorporate the valuations in these incentives. The simulations validate our theoretical results. They prove the significance of our model and show the correlation of the credit transfers to actual delays and security valuations.
The Effect of Structural Modifications of ATP on the Yeast‐Hexokinase Reaction

The specificity of yeast hexokinase for ATP was examined with the aid of a number of synthetic and natural analogs. The main features observed are: 1 The presence of a 2-amino group either alone or in combination with a 6-amino or 6-hydroxyl group inhibits catalysis. 2 The replacement of one or both hydrogen atoms of the 6-amino group with methyl groups does not have a large effect on either binding or catalysis. 3 The replacement of the nitrogen at position 7 with a carbon atom has virtually no effect. 4 The movement of the glycosidic bond from the N9 to the N3 position has only a moderate effect on both Km and V. 5 The presence of both of the 2′- and 3′-cis hydroxyls in the ribose is important for catalysis. 6 The replacement of ribose with arabinose or glucose produces a large decrease in catalysis. Inhibitor experiments were carried out with the ATP analog containing glucose instead of ribose. It was found to be competitive for ATP and uncompetitive for glucose under the conditions used. These results are consistent with an ordered reaction mechanism.
Aqueous “Green” Organometallic Chemistry: Structure of the Molybdocene Monohydride Used for Carbonyl Reduction in Water

The compound bis(η5-cyclopentadienyl)hydridomolybdenum(IV) triflate, which was synthesized from Cp2MoH2 and methyl triflate, is water soluble and undergoes hydride deuteride exchange in D2O. The molybdocene monohydride reduces ketones and aldehydes in water under mild aqueous conditions (pH 7 and 40 °C), which underscores the utility of this metallocene hydride for further organic transformations. Mechanistic features for the ketone → alcohol reduction suggest that either the reduction process is promoted by acid protonation of the carbonyl oxygen or it follows the reverse pathway of the aqueous C−H activation of primary alcohols by Cp2MoCl2(aq) reported earlier by Balzarek and Tyler.
Auditory evoked brain responses: Comparison of ON and OFF responses at long and short durations

Average evoked brain responses (EBRs) to three durations of one kilohertz pure-tone stimuli were computed from human scalp recordings. Stimuli of 25, 75, and 2,000 msec duration were each presented binaurally at each of eight equally spaced intensity levels, ranging from 58 to 86 dB SPL. EBRs computed immediately following presentation, and immediately following removal of the 2,000-msec-duration stimulus result in ON and OFF responses, respectively. EBRs computed immediately following presentation of the 25- and 75-msec-duration stimuli appear to be the result of the sum of separate responses to stimulus onset and offset. Computer-dissected ON and OFF EBRs to short-duration stimuli are very similar in waveform and amplitude to the responses evoked by the onset and offset, respectively, of the 2,000-msec duration stimulus. Dissected ON and OFF responses demonstrate linear amplitude-intensity functions in amplitude ranges similar to respective ON and OFF responses to 2,000-msec stimulation. The data suggest that ON and OFF responses are mediated by independent physiological mechanisms.
Tungsten radiation from tokamak-produced plasmas

Abstract Tungsten radiation from the Oak Ridge tokamak has been identified by comparing experimental results to calculated spectra for ions having open 4d subshells. The concentrations of tungsten are estimated from computed oscillator strengths to be of the order of 10−3ne.
Telling of (not about) Other Voices: 'Real Presences' within a Text Address given at the Work Research Institute, Oslo, March 13th, 1997

These notes are offered as a contribution towards creating a 'dialogically-structured' form of action research (Toulmin and Gustavsen 1996). What I do want to do in these notes is to show how Wittgenstein's (1953, 1980) claims — that (i) "nothing is hidden" from us in our conduct of our own practices, and that (ii) "the origin and primitive form of the language-game is a reaction " — and the methods of philosophical investigation he outlined, can be used to great effect to make us more aware of our own rules in structuring our own everyday affairs. His methods work, not in terms of theories worked out ahead of time in seminar rooms or research laboratories by experts, but in terms of certain practical uses of language 'on the spot': they lead those involved in the practice to attend to what usually passes them by unnoticed, to attend, we might say, to what is in fact visible but usually unremarked on explicitly. Crucially, his 'reminders ' can lead us to focus on novelties, on new but previously unnoticed possibilities for 'going on' available to us in our present circumstances, but present to us only in fleeting moments. If we can allow ourselves to be 'struck' by these novelties, then we can often go on, not to solve what has been seen as a problem, but to develop new ways forward in which the old problems become irrelevant. Thus their main point is the institution within our already existing work practices of a new (dialogical) practice leading to our own increased awareness or mindfulness of the details of these practices. The material in these notes can, I hope, be viewed as a useful set of tools, or 'ways of talking' — Wittgenstein would call them reminders — that work to draw our attention to aspects of our already existing practices that it is important for us to notice.
A geometric nonuniform fast Fourier transform

An efficient algorithm is presented for the computation of Fourier coefficients of piecewise-polynomial densities on flat geometric objects in arbitrary dimension and codimension. Applications range from standard nonuniform FFTs of scattered point data, through line and surface potentials in two and three dimensions, to volumetric transforms in three dimensions. Input densities are smoothed with a B-spline kernel, sampled on a uniform grid, and transformed by a standard FFT, and the resulting coefficients are unsmoothed by division. Any specified accuracy can be achieved, and numerical experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm for a gallery of realistic examples.
The Concurrency Hypothesis in Sub-Saharan Africa: Convincing Empirical Evidence is Still Lacking. Response to Mah and Halperin, Epstein, and Morris

We would like to thank the authors for their comments on our article that questioned the amount and quality of the evidence to support the hypothesis that concurrent partnerships are a key driver of the HIV epidemics in Africa [8]. All three letters agree with us that we “raise some valid concerns” that the “evidence for this link is still somewhat limited” [10] and that further research is needed [3, 11]. We note further that the three letters were from the most vocal concurrency advocates, and do not necessarily represent mainstream opinion about the current state of knowledge on this important topic [7]. Although the purpose of our article was not to provide an extensive and complete literature review but rather to comment on Mah and Halperin's work (which they themselves called “a selective review” [9]), Epstein faults us for displaying “a highly selective reading” of the literature [3]. Repeating the points made by Mah and Halperin in favor of the concurrency hypothesis would have been redundant; we therefore focused on the abundant contradictory evidence that Mah and Halperin failed to mention. In the end, the burden is on the advocates of concurrency to use empirical data to prove that concurrency is a driving force of the African HIV epidemics; thus far they have been unable to do so. Association and causation are very different levels of evidence, and our colleagues provide no convincing empirical evidence of causation.
Archaeological age constraints from extrusion ages of obsidian: Examples from the Middle Awash, Ethiopia

Abstract Extrusion ages of archaeological obsidian, especially as determined by the 40Ar/39Ar method, can provide reliable maximum ages for tool manufacture. In at least one case in the Middle Awash of Ethiopia, freshly extruded obsidian was used for tool making, resulting in useful maximum ages for site occupation. Hydration resulting in mobility of K and/or Ar in glass, and recoil artifacts produced by neutron irradiation, fatally affect most glass shards from volcanic ashes. The much lower surface area to volume ratio of most archaeological obsidian, however, indicates that the affected areas can be manually removed prior to analysis and the recoil and hydration problems can be easily overcome. A more important issue in dating obsidian is that of possible mass-dependent kinetic isotope fractionation during or subsequent to quenching of volcanic glasses. This is evidenced in some cases by sub-atmospheric initial 40Ar/36Ar ratios, and more generally in sub-atmospheric 38Ar/36Ar. Resulting bias can be avoided through the use of isochron ages, which do not entail the assumption of an initial value of 40Ar/36Ar as is required for plateau ages. Since step heating of glasses often yields limited variability in 40Ar:39Ar:36Ar (and therefore little spread on isochrons), another approach is to use an average value for initial 40Ar/36Ar, with concomitantly larger uncertainty than is associated with atmospheric 40Ar/36Ar, when calculating a plateau age. The 38Ar/36Ar of an un-irradiated subset of our samples validates the inference of kinetic fractionation, and potentially provides a basis for determining initial 40Ar/36Ar in samples that fail to yield isochrons, but only in samples lacking magmatic excess 40Ar. These approaches allow us to reliably apply the 40Ar/39Ar method to volcanic glasses, which has resulted in maximum ages for archaeological sites that are not amenable to traditional geochronological methods. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology can also provide information on the geological provenance of the raw material used for tool making, especially when combined with geochemical data.
Ion pairing in metal nitrate complexes of optically active crown ethers detected by circular dichroism

Abstract The detection by circular dichroism of ion pair formation in the lithium nitrate complexes of two new optically active crown ethers is described.
Irrelevance of interface defects to heterojunction band offsets

We present a photoemission measurement of the valence band discontinuity, ΔEv, and the Fermi level, EF, position at the interface between different surface reconstructions of GaAs(100) and Ge. GaAs(100) exhibits a number of surface reconstructions that differ in their As content and bonding configuration. The initial and final Fermi level position is observed to move toward the conduction band as the As content of the starting surface increases. The observed change in the final EF due to the variation in surface As content is 0.3 eV. The band offsets are the same (0.46±0.05) regardless of the starting surface. The addition of As during the interface formation causes the Fermi level position to further move toward the conduction bands of Ge and GaAs; however, it doesnot change the band offsets. We conclude that deposition-induced defects do not occur in sufficient density across the interface to play a primary role in determining the GaAs/Ge(100) heterojunction potential step.
Psychosocial adjustment in children of mothers with breast cancer

Thirty-five children of 28 mothers diagnosed with breast cancer during the previous year were compared to 34 children of 24 mothers with recent benign breast biopsies. Mothers and children, ages 8–16, completed questionnaires about mood, behavior problems and social functioning to assess whether children of mothers with breast cancer were at increased risk for adjustment problems. Significant differences were not found between children in the breast cancer group and the comparison group on any of the measures, even though mothers with breast cancer reported more psychological distress than mothers with benign biopsies. In addition, children in both groups were functioning better than normative samples on some adjustment measures. Variables measuring the mother's illness and treatment were not significantly related to children's adjustment in the breast cancer group. Findings suggested that some adolescents whose mothers had breast cancer did better in social and academic activities when their mothers were more distressed, while adolescents whose mothers had benign biopsies did less well when their mothers were distressed. The study's small sample size limits conclusions that can be drawn; however, clinical and research implications are discussed, given other reports that some children of parents with cancer may experience adjustment problems. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the fundamental microinteractions that support the propagation of steam explosions

Abstract This paper makes available the first experimental data on the fragmentation kinetics of hot liquid drops in another liquid (coolant) under the influence of sustained pressure pulses. We observe the effect of “thermal” on “hydrodynamic” fragmentation and micromixing mechanisms, as deduced by the rates and morphology of the resulting particle “cloud”. We show how propagation can be quantified within the framework of a numerical model, and on this basis some interesting interpretations of an experimentally-observed triggered “detonation” in the KROTOS facility (in ISPRA) are offered.
Sampling Context Affects MLU in the Language of Adolescents With Down Syndrome

Purpose The authors describe the procedures used to explain an unexpected finding that adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) had a lower mean length of utterance (MLU) than typically developing (TD) ...
Expandable metal stents for the treatment of colonic obstruction: techniques and outcomes

Background: Acute left-sided colonic obstruction is a surgical emergency whose management is controversial. Because experience using expandable metal stents for relief of this type of obstruction is limited, we evaluated their effectiveness, feasibility, safety, and outcome. Methods: Twenty-five patients with acute colorectal obstruction underwent placement of various metal stents under fluoroscopic and endoscopic guidance. On an intent-to-treat basis, stents were placed for decompression before one-stage surgical resection in 10 patients and palliatively in 15 patients. Two preoperative patients had unresectable malignant disease, and stents were left for palliation resulting in 17 palliative and 10 preoperative patients for analysis. Results: Stent placement was technically successful in 94% of patients. Overall effectiveness in relieving obstruction was 85% (palliative 82%, preoperative 90%). In the palliative group, stent duration ranged from 2 to 64 weeks (mean 17.3 weeks). Major complications occurred in 7 patients (30%). Conclusions: Expandable metal stents are a feasible, effective adjunct and alternative to surgery for acute colorectal obstruction.
Videotaped microteaching: Bridging the gap from the university to the classroom

Abstract The authors describe a nontraditional approach to microteaching intended to help prepare students for successful early field experiences. A theoretical basis for the approach is outlined and its use in two different courses is described. Guidelines are provided for identifying and communicating goals, structuring peer feedback and self‐evaluation, and getting the most out of instructor‐student conferences.
Development and implementation of novel community outreach methods in women's health issues: the National Centers of Excellence in Women's Health.

Numerous outreach efforts have been employed to educate both lay and professional communities about many medical issues. As part of our contracts with the Public Health Service, Office of Women's Health, Department of Health and Human Services, the National Centers of Excellence (CoEs) in Women's Health have been charged with creating innovative and effective methods of educating these audiences about the major issues involved in women's health. This mission is particularly critical in the arena of women's health, as women are responsible for approximately 75% of the healthcare decisions made by and for American families, and past efforts to provide them with good, evidence-based information have been fraught with difficulties ranging from financial to cultural. We report herein some of our successful novel outreach efforts. A common thread throughout this account is that among the most successful of the outreach activities are those that involve or incorporate existing community groups committed to women...
Avoidance by Daphnia magna of fish and macrophytes: Chemical cues and predator-mediated use of macrophyte habitat

Recent biomanipulation studies suggest that macrophytes are an important refuge from fish predation for large pelagic zooplankton. We conducted two laboratory experiments that tested the behavioral responses of Daphnia magna to a macrophyte (Myriophyllum exalbescens L.) and a sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus Rafinesque) and whether responses were chemically (for fish) or structurally (for macrophytes) mediated. In the first experiment, we measured Daphnia response to four treatments in separate 38-liter tanks. In controls without macrophytes and fish, ∼ 15% ofthe daphnids were found in the central zone (∼ 50% of the tank area); the others were found around the tank perimeter (especially in the corners). With macrophytes present, 80% of the daphnids were found in the central zone (unvegetated in all treatments). When fish or fish odor alone were present 35% and ∼45%, respectively, of the Daphnia occupied the central zone. Thus, chemically mediated avoidance of Lepomis caused Daphnia to increase its occupation of macrophytes. In the second experiment, we tested whether the repellent effect of Myriophyllum resulted from structural characteristics of the macrophyte; the results suggest that both chemical and structural cues contributed to Daphnia avoidance of the macrophyte. Overall, our results are consistent with the suggestion that large pelagic zooplankton may use macrophytes as a refuge in shallow lakes where vertical migration is restricted.
Labrang Monastery: Tibetan Buddhism on the Sino-Tibetan Frontier

Labrang Monastery was formally founded in 1709 in Amdo, today located in Xiahe County, Gansu Province. It was founded and occupied by the lineage of the Jamyang Zhepas on the central Tibetan Gelukpa model, and grew to be one of the largest Tibetan Buddhist monasteries ever built. Labrang supported the full range of Tibetan Buddhist studies, and in addition allowed other Tibetan and non-Tibetan religious practices in the community at large. The monastery was located on an ethnic borderland, near its Mongol co-sponsors, Manchu, Chinese, Muslim, and other neighbors. Its location resulted in both assertions of Tibetan identity and dynamic social, political, and economic interaction. The monastic authorities owned an enormous nomadic and agricultural estate that extended over much of southern Gansu Province and into northern Sichuan and eastern Qinghai. Though politically and economically much reduced, Labrang Monastery's influence is still important in present-day Amdo.
Fault tolerant designs for fast convolution implemented with modified transforms

Recently the Modified Fermat Number Transform (MFNT) was extended to the Modified Discrete Fourier Transform (MDFT) to enable overlap-add FFT block processing to be implemented without zero padding. The MDFT was then extended into two dimensions and published results described how the 2-D extension manages two-dimensional wrap around effects. This paper investigates how the modularity of these transforms can be used to achieve fault tolerant designs that strive to achieve minimal hardware redundancy. Fault tolerant designs are presented for both the MNT and the MDFT and the resulting efficiencies of the two designs are analyzed and compared.
From .academy to .zone: An Analysis of the New TLD Land Rush

The com, net, and org TLDs contain roughly 150 million registered domains, and domain registrants often have a difficult time finding a desirable and available name. In 2013, ICANN began delegation of a new wave of TLDs into the Domain Name System with the goal of improving meaningful name choice for registrants. The new rollout resulted in over 500 new TLDs in the first 18 months, nearly tripling the number of TLDs. Previous rollouts of small numbers of new TLDs have resulted in a burst of defensive registrations as companies aggressively defend their trademarks to avoid consumer confusion. This paper analyzes the types of domain registrations in the new TLDs to determine registrant behavior in the brave new world of naming abundance. We also examine the cost structures and monetization models for the new TLDs to identify which registries are profitable. We gather DNS, Web, and WHOIS data for each new domain, and combine this with cost structure data from ICANN, the registries, and domain registrars to estimate the total cost ofthe new TLD program. We find that only 15% of domains in the new TLDs show characteristics consistent with primary registrations, while the rest are promotional, speculative, or defensive in nature; indeed, 16% of domains with NS records do not even resolve yet, and 32% are parked. Our financial analysis suggests only half of the registries have earned enough to cover their application fees, and 10% of current registries likely never will solely from registration revenue.
Notes on penetrative identification in femmiphilic transvestism

This article attempts to comprehend the structure of erotic arousal in men who cross-dress, called femmiphilic transvestism. The author seeks to understand how identificatory and projective mechanisms may aqccount for this paraphilia, introducing the concept of penetrative identification.
Tensile strength of MA aluminum alloys with titanium additions

La microstructure des alliages Al-6 a 8,6 Ti prepares par alliages mecaniques est une microstructure a grains fins stabilisee par des dispersoides d'oxydes et de carbures. Determination de la resistance a la traction de ces alliages, cette resistance semble liee a la grosseur des grains. Influence d'un recuit de longue duree (1 a 100 heures) entre 215 C et 490 C sur la microstructure et sur la resistance a la traction
Sequential Arrays of Waiting Lines

The problem considered in this paper is that in which a sequence of service operations must be performed on the units to be serviced. Poisson arrivals and exponential service times are assumed. Four particular cases of service facilities in series are treated, involving infinite storage space between stages, no storage space between stages, finite storage space between stages, and the case of the unpaced belt-production line. A comparison is given for two stages, and the maximum possible utilization is obtained for all cases discussed.
Chemical liquid deposition of CuInSe2 and CuIn(S,Se)2 films for solar cells

Abstract Several non-vacuum based approaches have been employed to deposit the Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 layer in photovoltaic devices, but most of them use processing temperatures in the vicinity of 500 °C. Here, we present the results on a facile solution-based deposition technique for CuInSe 2 (CISe) and CuIn(S,Se) 2 (CISSe) thin films with deposition temperatures of 300 °C. Cu x Se (1.5 ≤ x ≤ 2) or Cu y S (1 ≤ y ≤ 2) precursor films deposited on a substrate were reacted with InCl 3 and Se reactants in oleylamine to form CISe or CISSe thin films of the desired thickness, composition and crystal structure. Solar cells processed from these films on Mo-coated glass substrates demonstrated an efficiency of 2% under AM 1.5 illumination. We also present external quantum efficiency and capacitance–voltage measurements from these devices providing insights into the device performance.
Determinants of Employee Participation in Organizations' Family-friendly Programs: A Multi-level Approach

Many organizations have become more “family-friendly” by initiating programs to help employees meet their family needs. In return, family-friendly organizations are said to benefit from the positive attitudes and behavior of appreciative employees. However, long-term positive outcomes may not emerge if employees are reluctant to participate in work–family programs because they are concerned that their organization or manager does not support their participation. We propose two parallel conceptual models of the complex, multi-level mechanisms behind employees’ decisions to participate in their organization’s family-friendly programs.
A low-tech health monitor for the solar-photon sail

Abstract On-orbit deployment tests and operational missions for first-generation solar-photon sails may require a method of monitoring post-deployment sail health. A low-technology device capable of performing this function is the pinhole camera, combined with an inflatable hydrostatic beam mounted at the sail's center of mass.
Afferent projections to quiet attack sites in cat hypothalamus

Abstract Quiet biting attack by a cat on a rat was elicited by electrical stimulation of sites in the cat's lateral hypothalamus. Horseradish peroxidase was deposited at the attack sites. Cells containing reaction products were found in gyrus proreus, anterior and central medial amygdaloid nuclei, lateral and medial preoptic areas, substantia innominata, the bed nuclei of stria terminalis, and anterior commissure. The dorsomedial area of the hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, suprammamillary region, and posterior hypothalamic area also contained reactive cells. In the midbrain the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, the dorsal and superior central nuclei of the raphe, central gray matter and interpeduncular nucleus were regions with reactive cells. In the pontine region, the locus coeruleus, parabrachial nuclei, nucleus of the lateral lemniscus, and the dorsal tegmental nucleus of Gudden all had reactive cells. There are many structures which send afferent projections to quiet attack sites located in the hypothalamus and the pontine tegmentum. The commonality of afferents to attack sites lends credence to the notion that a complex, distributed, interactive network underlies the neural basis of attack behavior.
Aggression and Rule-breaking: Heritability and stability of antisocial behavior problems in childhood and adolescence

Purpose: This twin study examined the structure of genetic and environmental influences on aggression and rule-breaking in order to examine change and stability across the span of childhood to mid- ...
Anthocyanin Pigments in Bing Cherriesa

SUMMARY The anthocyanin pigments of Bing cherries (Prunus avium L. var. Bing) were extracted with 1% methanolic HCl, partially purified by extraction from an n-butanol-ether mixture with water, and then separated by paper chromatography with various solvents. The anthocyanins were identified by, Rf values, sugar moiety, alkaline degradation products of the aglycone, partial acid hydrolysis, and absorption spectra. The major pigments were shown to be cyanidin 3-rutinoside and cyanidin 3-glucoside. Also present were small amounts of cyanidin, peonidin, peonidin 3-gucoside, and peonidin 3-rutinoside. The fluorescence spectra of the anthocyanin pigments, when excited with an incident light at 300 mμ, can be used to differentiate the anthocyanins. The cyanidin-containing pigments have a characteristic fluorescence peak at 520 mμ, whereas the peonidin ones exhibited a peak at 610 mμ.
A sophisticated library search strategy using folksonomies and similarity matching

Libraries, private and public, offer valuable resources to library patrons. As of today, the only way to locate information archived exclusively in libraries is through their catalogs. Library patrons, however, often find it difficult to formulate a proper query, which requires using specific keywords assigned to different fields of desired library catalog records, to obtain relevant results. These improperly formulated queries often yield irrelevant results or no results at all. This negative experience in dealing with existing library systems turns library patrons away from directly querying library catalogs; instead, they rely on Web search engines to perform their searches first, and upon obtaining the initial information (e.g., titles, subject headings, or authors) on the desired library materials, they query library catalogs. This searching strategy is an evidence of failure of today's library systems. In solving this problem, we propose an enhanced library system, which allows partial, similarity matching of (a) tags defined by ordinary users at a folksonomy site that describe the content of books and (b) unrestricted keywords specified by an ordinary library patron in a query to search for relevant library catalog records. The proposed library system allows patrons posting a query Q using commonly used words and ranks the retrieved results according to their degrees of resemblance with Q while maintaining the query processing time comparable with that achieved by current library search engines. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Relational Power, Legitimation, and Pregnancy Discrimination

Pregnancy-based employment discrimination has long been a topic of interest for gender inequality scholars and civil rights agencies. Prior work suggests that employer stereotypes and financial interests leave pregnant women vulnerable to being fired. We still know little, however, about women’s interpretations of their terminations and how employers justify such decisions in the face of arguably protective laws. This article provides much needed, in-depth analyses of such dynamics and a relational account of pregnancy-based employment discrimination claims. Elaborating on theoretical expositions of power and research surrounding the patriarchal character of organizational life, we draw on unique quantitative and qualitative data from verified cases of pregnancy-based firing discrimination. Our analyses reveal a two-pronged legitimation process where employers symbolically vilified pregnant workers while simultaneously amplifying ostensibly meritocratic organizational procedures and concerns. Pregnancy di...
Use of time-frequency representations to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal-averaged ECG

The signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) increases the signal-to-noise ratio of the electrocardiogram to recover low-level signals, such as ventricular late potentials. The authors present some preliminary results from the use of an optimal filter which can increase the signal-to-noise ratio of the SAECG more efficiently than signal averaging. The setting for the filter is the time-frequency plane. The optimal filter was tested on eight recordings, comparing signal averages performed on a 0.3- mu V root-mean-square (RMS) noise endpoint with 64 beat averages before and after filtering. It was concluded that optimal filtering to enhance the SNR of the SAECG in the setting of the time-frequency plane is feasible. >
Communication at Low Date Rates--Spectral Analysis Receivers

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a multiple frequency shift keying spectral analysis receiver based on the fast Fourier transform. A novel decision-directed automatic frequency control (AFC) for use with the fast Fourier receiver is mentioned. Not only is the system to be described better than a truncated autocorrelation receiver, the analysis required is unorthodox, being based on the fact that the spectral coefficients of the incoming waveform are chi-square (central or noncentral) distributed. The fast Fourier receiver, under typical conditions, is 1.5 dB better than the autocorrelation receiver, is more versatile (e.g., tone spacing to multiples of 1/T Hz, spectral window shaping very easy), easier to implement, less subject to signal-to-noise ratio degradation due to frequency offset, and provides fine frequency information to operate a decision-directed AFC.
Metal-Ion-Dependent Folding of a Uranyl-Specific DNAzyme: Insight into Function from Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer Studies

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) has been used to study the global folding of an uranyl (UO(2)(2+))-specific 39E DNAzyme in the presence of Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+), or UO(2)(2+). At pH 5.5 and physiological ionic strength (100 mM Na(+)), two of the three stems in this DNAzyme folded into a compact structure in the presence of Mg(2+) or Zn(2+). However, no folding occurred in the presence of Pb(2+) or UO(2)(2+); this is analogous to the "lock-and-key" catalysis mode first observed in the Pb(2+)-specific 8-17 DNAzyme. However, Mg(2+) and Zn(2+) exert different effects on the 8-17 and 39E DNAzymes. Whereas Mg(2+) or Zn(2+)-dependent folding promoted 8-17 DNAzyme activity, the 39E DNAzyme folding induced by Mg(2+) or Zn(2+) inhibited UO(2)(2+)-specific activity. Group IIA series of metal ions (Mg(2+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+)) also caused global folding of the 39E DNAzyme, for which the apparent binding affinity between these metal ions and the DNAzyme decreases as the ionic radius of the metal ions increases. Because the ionic radius of Sr(2+) (1.12 A) is comparable to that of Pb(2+) (1.20 A), but contrary to Pb(2+), Sr(2+) induces the DNAzyme to fold under identical conditions, ionic size alone cannot account for the unique folding behaviors induced by Pb(2+) and UO(2)(2+). Under low ionic strength (30 mM Na(+)), all four metal ions (Mg(2+), Zn(2+), Pb(2+), and UO(2)(2+)), caused 39E DNAzyme folding, suggesting that metal ions can neutralize the negative charge of DNA-backbone phosphates in addition to playing specific catalytic roles. Mg(2+) at low ( 2 mM) concentration inhibited the UO(2)(2+)-specific activity. Therefore, the lock-and-key mode of DNAzymes depends on ionic strength, and the 39E DNAzyme is in the lock-and-key mode only at ionic strengths of 100 mM or greater.
ELECTORAL DECISION AND POLICY MANDATE: AN EMPIRICAL EXAMPLE

From survey data concerning a gubernatorial election and tax policy preferences, the author shows that policy preferences, while probably providing a crucial electoral increment, do not thus provide a majority mandate for the policy proposed by the winning candidate. Leon D. Epstein is Professor of Political Science at the University of Wisconsin, and the author of Politics in Wisconsin, 1958, and other books and articles.