cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Clinical implications for imaging of vascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second largest cause of cancer mortality in the world, with vascular invasion being one of the most important prognostic factors. HCC with tumor thrombus was traditionally considered to have very limited treatment options. However, multiple promising treatment strategies have emerged in recent years, with diagnostic and interventional radiologists playing a major role in patient management. We provide a comprehensive update on the diagnosis and management of HCC with vascular invasion and the role of the radiologist in this condition.
Three-Way Metric Unfolding

A new metric multidimensional scaling model is proposed, and a corre­sponding method is developed to accommodate the analysis of three-mode dominance (e.g., preference) data and nonsymmetric three-way proximity data. One of many possible marketing applications is presented concern­ing the modeling of situational dependencies in consumer preferences.
Some Discussion on Development Process of IP

This article mainly holds that during the development process of instrument panel(IP),it is essential to collaborate with each department at different time node to shorten development cycle and avoid some repetitive work.
Carcinoma of the Stomach

SURGICAL experience with carcinoma of the stomach at the Massachusetts General Hospital has been reviewed by Parsons1 in previous papers covering the years 1922 to 1926, and the period from 1927 to 1936 by Parsons and Welch.2 This report includes all patients admitted to this hospital on whom the diagnosis was made during the ten-year period 1937 to 1946 inclusive. In the compilation of these figures, it is, of course, our hope to show that increased knowledge of the disease and its amenability to surgical attack have resulted in a steadily increasing five-year salvage rate. But it is of equal . . .
Fluorescence Micro-Spectroscopy Assessment of the in Vitro Dimerization of BACE1-GFP Fusion Protein in Cultured Cells

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results from the formation of beta-amyloid plaques in the brain. According to the amyloid cascade hypothesis, the beta-amyloid plaques trigger the known symptoms of memory loss in AD patients. The beta-amyloid plaques are formed by the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) by the proteases BACE1 and gamma secretase. These enzyme-facilitated cleavages lead to the production of beta-amyloid fragments that then aggregate to form plaques, which ultimately lead to neuronal cell death. Recent detergent protein extraction studies suggest that BACE1 protein forms a dimer that has significantly higher catalytic activity than its monomeric counterpart. Currently, however, there are no studies that support the dimerization hypothesis of BACE1 in living cells. In this contribution, we examine the dimerization hypothesis of BACE1 in cultured HEK293 cells using complementary fluorescence spectroscopy and microscopy methods. Cells were transfected with a BACE1-EGFP fusion protein construct and imaged using confocal, and differential interference contrast to monitor the localization and distribution of intracellular BACE1. Complementary fluorescence lifetime and anisotropy measurements enabled us to examine the conformational and environmental changes of BACE1 as a function of substrate binding. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, we also quantified the diffusion coefficient of BACE1-EGFP on the plasma membrane as a means to test the dimerization hypothesis as a fucntion of substrate-analog inhibitition. Our results represent an important first towards examining the substrate-mediated dimerization hypothesis of BACE1 in live cells.
When the money runs dry: a system dynamics approach to critical infrastructure investment

Much of Critical Infrastructure (CI) interdependency research focuses on short-term cascading effects from catastrophic incidents. These relationships are most often modeled in a direct physical sense, for example, a flooded road blocking emergency vehicle response. The relationship between economic investment and degradation in CIs, however, remains an under-explored research area. Focusing on three CIs---transportation, public utilities, and communications---this paper presents a system dynamics approach to modeling degradation and infrastructure investment. Combining traditional physical and cyber approaches to infrastructure modeling with a human factors component, we present a methodology for quantifying degradation of interdependent CIs. The model shows some of the dangerous feedback cycles of degradation that can occur between infrastructures when investment and social resiliency are insufficient. The purpose of this paper is to develop a method to incorporate social systems into interdependent infrastructure research that can be built into a tool to aid policymakers in understanding and addressing investment linkages between CIs.
Akt Regulates the Activation-Induced Apoptosis of T Cells Mediated by HIV-1 gp120.

Multiple mechanisms contribute to the loss of CD4 + T cells in HIV-1 infected individuals. Activation-induced apoptosis of bystander T cells mediated by HIV-1 gp120 is one of the critical mechanisms leading to T cell loss in AIDS. Clinical studies have shown that T cells in the lymph nodes of HIV-1 infected individuals undergo activation-induced apoptosis. In the present study, we used a model where T cells undergo apoptosis after HIV-1 gp120/CD4 cross-linking in conjunction with CD3/T cell antigen receptor activation. We have shown that treatment with HIV-1 gp120 (10 nM) and anti-gp120 MoAb induces approximately 20–25% apoptosis in Jurkat T cells in the presence of immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. However, the molecular mechanism by which HIV-1 gp120 mediates the apoptosis of T cells is still unclear. We have also examined the role of Akt/Protein kinase B in HIV-1 gp120-induced apoptosis. Akt is a cell survival molecule that has been shown to block cell death. We observed a decrease in Akt phosphorylation upon gp120 treatment of Jurkat T cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In contrast, only CD3 stimulation was shown to increase the phosphorylation of Akt. To further confirm the role of Akt in gp120-induced apoptosis, Jurkat T cells were transfected with HA epitope-tagged wild type Akt, dominant-negative Akt that lacks kinase activity, or with a control vector. The transfected cells were treated with gp120 and apoptosis was evaluated by Annexin-PI staining. The T cells expressing wild type Akt showed reduced gp120 apoptosis as compared to the vector control-expressing cells. Conversely, expression of a dominant-negative mutant of Akt accelerated cell death as compared to the vector control. We then further assessed the role of upstream regulators of Akt, such as PI-3 kinase. In this regard, we have shown that inhibition of PI-3 kinase leads to enhanced gp120-induced apoptosis. At present, we are elucidating downstream effectors of the Akt pathway. Taken together, these studies suggest that Akt plays a key role in HIV-1 gp120-induced apoptosis, and that identification of Akt-mediated signaling pathways may provide novel therapeutic targets to combat immune deficiency in AIDS.
Small cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A comparative study by primary site based on population data

Objectives/Hypothesis Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) of the head and neck is an extremely rare neuroendocrine malignancy. In this study, we describe the incidence and determinants of survival of patients with SmCC of the head and neck between the years of 1973 and 2012 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database as differed by primary site. Study Design Retrospective, population-based cohort study. Methods A total of 237 cases of SmCC of the head and neck were identified, which was divided into sinonasal primaries (n = 82) and all other head and neck primaries (n = 155). Clinicopathologic and epidemiologic variables were analyzed as predictors of overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) based on the Kaplan-Meier method. Results More than half of sinonasal primaries presented with Kadish stage C or D. On multivariate analysis, surgery was the only independent predictor of improved DSS (P = .008) for sinonasal primaries; in contrast, radiation therapy was a favorable prognosticator for OS (P = .007) and DSS (P = .043) in extrasinonasal sites. Comparison of survival between sinonasal primaries and all other sites demonstrated that sinonasal SmCC had uniformly better OS (P = .002) and DSS (P = .006). Conclusions SmCC in the head and neck remains rare, and sinonasal primaries appear to have improved survival compared to other sites. Based on these results, optimal treatment for sinonasal SmCC appears to be surgical therapy, whereas radiation therapy is the preferred treatment for SmCC of other primary sites, particularly the larynx. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 127:1785–1790, 2017
Effects of adhesion layer on Ag nanorod growth mode and morphology using glancing angle physical vapor deposition

This letter reports on the transition from a non-wetting to an effectively wetting growth mode of silver (Ag) nanorods when an adhesion layer is used during glancing angle physical vapor deposition growth. When deposited onto a silicon substrate without an adhesion layer, Ag nanorods grow from partially interconnected non-wetting islands with diameters of ∼100 nm, although many connect with their neighbors due to small rod-to-rod spacing. When a 1 nm thick Cr adhesion layer is used, which is shown not to completely coat the substrate, the growth mode becomes effectively wetting through the coalescence of closely spaced nuclei, and both Ag nanorod diameter and spacing increase. Alternatively, when a thicker 10 nm Cr adhesion layer is used, the growth mode becomes mixed, as both small effective wetting regions and film gaps exist. For the cases of no adhesion layer and 1 nm Cr adhesion layer, the nanorods are oriented at ∼23° from the substrate but lay down onto the substrate when a 10 nm thick Cr adhesion ...
Vombatus ursinus (Naked-nosed wombat)

Chromosome preparations from lymphocytes of two female wombats at San Diego Zoo confirm earlier reports. Although testicular preparations from two males are reported by Sharman, the Y is neither described nor depicted. Also, no positive identification of the X chromosome has been made. The second karyotype here shown is prepared with C-bands and only because of the different appearance with large C-blocks, is the last pair singled out as the possible X. It is the same element which Hayman and Martin describe as having satellites.
Species Delimitation in Tetraploid, Apomictic Amelanchier (Rosaceae)

Diversification in Amelanchier tetraploid apomicts differs from that of diploid sexuals and produces groups that are taxonomically difficult. Apomixis facilitates expansion of ecologically successful genotypes into numerous, narrowly distributed, and often minimally distinct microspecies. Residual sexuality in tetraploids creates hybrid swarms and intergradation of taxa. This gene flow is evident in DNA sequences from nuclear and chloroplast regions that record mostly allotetraploid, convoluted histories. Ongoing apomixis in successful tetraploid genotypes fosters their expansion into geographically widespread phenotypic clusters.We delimit such clusters as species and deny species status to microspecies.We demonstrate polyploid complexity and our approach to species delimitation in three taxa of Amelanchier. The tetraploid microspecies A. “rubra” of southeastern Maine, while morphologically distinct, hybridizes with sympatric congeners. Eastern North American A. bartramiana contains diploids and polyploids (tetraploids and a few triploids) that are sometimes morphologically semi-cryptic. We group all ploidy levels in the A. bartramiana agamic complex and recognize as a species the diploid (A. bartramiana). The tetraploid is not given species status because it intergrades extensively with tetraploid congeners, as exemplified by the nothospecies named here, A. ×neglecta. Western North American A. cusickii is tetraploid, mostly distinct morphologically and ecologically, distinct genetically, and merits species status.
Selling to Management – Inpatient Care

Older adults are at high risk for prolonged hospital stays, complications during the hospitalization, and early readmission. All health systems are under pressure to utilize hospital resources as efficiently as possible. Geriatric consultation and geriatrics units may be part of the future fabric of more hospitals caring for patients with delayed discharges and complex care needs. Improvement of functional status, begun early during the hospital stay and supported throughout the hospitalization, can improve outcomes without jeopardizing overall hospital length of stay or increased cost.
Abstract 189: Development of peptidomimetic inhibitors of theERGgene fusion product in prostate cancer

Transcription factors play a key role in the development of diverse cancers, and therapeutically targeting them has remained a challenge. In prostate cancer, the gene encoding the transcription factor ERG is recurrently rearranged and plays a critical role in prostate oncogenesis. Here, we identified a series of peptides that interact specifically with the DNA binding domain of ERG. ERG inhibitory peptides and derived peptidomimetics (EIPs) bound with high affinity and specificity leading to proteolytic degradation of ERG protein. The EIPs attenuated ERG-mediated transcription, chromatin recruitment, protein-protein interactions, cell invasion, and tumor growth. Thus, peptidomimetic targeting of transcription factor fusion products may provide a promising therapeutic strategy for prostate cancer as well as other cancers. Citation Format: Xiaoju Wang. Development of peptidomimetic inhibitors of the ERG gene fusion product in prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 189. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-189
“The Monster, Death, Becomes Pregnant:” Representations of Motherhood in Female Transi Tombs from Renaissance France

As her extruded entrails and burial shroud mount up on the figure’s lower abdomen, the transi sculpture of Jeanne de Bourbon-Vendome joins death to life in an apparent pregnancy. It also joins the non-human to the human, as worms infest her flesh, and the inside to the outside, as the worms and intestines move in and out of her form. Rather than constituting an “other,” however, this sculpture recognizes the everyday monstrosity of pregnancy for early modern women. This reading of the sculpture provides a key for understanding the transis of three successive French queens, Anne of Brittany, Claude of France, and Catherine de Medici each of which refuses such monstrosity in order to emphasize the—often endangered—dynastic continuity of the Valois kings.
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal stability of SiO2/TiO2/CR-Ag multilayered nanostructures

The controllable synthesis and characterization of novel thermally stable silver-based particles are described. The experimental approach involves the design of thermally stable nanostructures by the deposition of an interfacial thick, active titania layer between the primary substrate (SiO2 particles) and the metal nanoparticles (Ag NPs), as well as the doping of Ag nanoparticles with an organic molecule (Congo Red, CR). The nanostructured particles were composed of a 330-nm silica core capped by a granular titania layer (10 to 13 nm in thickness), along with monodisperse 5 to 30 nm CR-Ag NPs deposited on top. The titania-coated support (SiO2/TiO2 particles) was shown to be chemically and thermally stable and promoted the nucleation and anchoring of CR-Ag NPs, which prevented the sintering of CR-Ag NPs when the structure was exposed to high temperatures. The thermal stability of the silver composites was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Larger than 10 nm CR-Ag NPs were thermally stable up to 300 °C. Such temperature was high enough to destabilize the CR-Ag NPs due to the melting point of the CR. On the other hand, smaller than 10 nm Ag NPs were stable at temperatures up to 500 °C because of the strong metal-metal oxide binding energy. Energy dispersion X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was carried out to qualitatively analyze the chemical stability of the structure at different temperatures which confirmed the stability of the structure and the existence of silver NPs at temperatures up to 500 °C.
Screening and Surveillance for Barrett’s Esophagus: Is It Cost-Effective?

The cost-effectiveness of screening and surveillance for Barrett's esophagus continues to evolve as the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma increases, biomarkers enhance the identification of individuals at highest risk for developing cancer, and endoscopic eradication of Barrett's esophagus improves. Screening to detect Barrett's esophagus may be cost-effective in selected high-risk groups based on age, race, sex and other factors such as symptoms of heartburn. Currently, endoscopic eradication therapy for Barrett's esophagus and high-grade dysplasia is a cost-effective intervention, while endoscopic therapy for non-dysplastic Barrett's esophagus is not a cost-effective strategy. As diagnosis of low-grade dysplasia improves, endoscopic eradication therapy may also prove to be a cost-effective intervention.
Objectivity and of Justice: A Critique of Emmanuel Levinas' Explanations

For Emmanuel Levinas objectivity is intersubjectively constituted. But this intersubjectivity is not, as in Merleau-Ponty, the intercorporeality of perceivers nor, as in Heidegger, the active correlation of practical agents. It has an ethical structure; it is the presence, to each cognitive subject, of others who contest and judge him. But does not the exposure of each cognitive subject to the wants and needs of others result in the constitution of a common practical field, which is not yet the objective world of scientific cognition? For Levinas, the constitution of a world common to all is governed by the practice of justice. Justice begins when above the elf and the other there intervenes a third party, who contests and judges both. But whether this third party is a representative of humanity, or a figure of God, would not his justice be but the name of a higher egoism?
General Analytic Solution of the Wave Equation for Anisotropic Materials Using Symbolic Manipulation

Almost all solutions for elastic waves in anisotropic materials have been obtained by approximation methods [1], numerical techniques [2], or in special symmetry [3, 4] directions where factored solutions can be obtained. Even for special symmetry directions, the analysis becomes quite laborious for lower symmetry classes.
Identifying subtypes of ME and CFS: a rebuttal

We appreciate Mr Twisk’s response and useful suggestions for future research. His critique emphasizes that our latent class analysis (LCA) of individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME) and chr...
Profane Unions: Constructing Heritage from Anarchist-Bourgeois Romances in Ull per ull and Barcelona, ciutat neutral

Elena Cueto Asin examines the integration of anarchist history into Catalan heritage through anarchist-bourgeois romances in the Televisio de Catalunya miniseries: Ull per ull (2010) and Barcelona, ciutat neutral (2011). The dramas differ in their presentation of political and social struggles, and connections to local, national, and international events; however, as Cueto observes, both programs participate in recovering a heritage of social cohesion based on the union between two diametrically opposite forces in Catalan society of the late Restoration period. In both stories, a member Barcelona’s industrial bourgeoisie renounces money and privilege to identify with the ideology and ethics of the anarchists. She argues that these plotlines mark anarchism as a “museumizable” ideology that is conveniently absorbed as heritage, and so incorporated into Catalan identity.
Cold-Start User-Based Weighted Collaborative Filtering for an Implicit Recommender System for Research Facilities

The developed recommender system recommends research facilities at UNC-CH to researchers that are not necessarily at UNC and identified solely by their name and email-ID. The recommendations are ranked based on an analysis of the researcher's publication records as captured by Google Scholar. The researcher publications record is then compared to the publication records of the researcher at UNC-CH and their usage of the UNC core facilities. The proposed system is composed of two modules: (1) Publication Profile Construction (PPC) and (2) Recommendation Generation (RG). In the PPC, we perform the necessary web crawling and construction of the new researcher profile. We also identify the group of UNC researchers with most similar research publications using a variety of similarity measures. In RG, we incorporate the research facility usage data (implicit data) to compute the similarity between the facilities and the cross investigator list of researchers derived from the PPC. Based on these similarity scores, recommendations are suggested. Therefore, this is an example solution of the cold start problem of figuring out how to suggest recommendations for a new researcher, who has not yet used any research facilities. We use leave-one-out cross-validation to test our method. Essentially, we remove the UNC researcher from our database and treat data as test dataset and train the model on the remaining dataset. We verify whether the recommended facilities match their actual usage.
Distributional Considerations for Transboundary Risk Governance of Environmental Threats

Most policy analyses of both short-term and long-term disasters focus on aggregate impacts of their costs and the benefits of policy remedies. Distributional considerations relating to the costs of these disasters and the benefits of their risk management, however, are very important in many cases. This article examines two broad categories of cases in terms of distributional considerations. The first category is where transboundary considerations strongly affect risk governance, as in the case of climate change. The second relates to ordinary, short-term disasters, which include fewer, but still important, transboundary issues. Climate change policy requires information regarding the distribution of impacts and policy responses across countries because it is a global problem. Conventional disasters involve transboundary considerations much less frequently, so the attention typically shifts to the distribution of benefits and costs within a jurisdiction. In both cases distributional information is needed to evaluate the equity of policies and to provide information for public participation in the policy process. This article offers modeling and policy approaches to address these issues.
Micropillar compression response of femtosecond laser-cut single crystal Cu and proton irradiated Cu

Abstract Femtosecond laser cutting has been used to fabricate micro- and mesoscale specimens for mechanical testing, but the impact on mechanical properties has not been fully evaluated. Micropillars of various sizes were fabricated in a single crystal Cu specimen and Cu irradiated to 1.4 peak displacements per atom using a femtosecond laser cutting system followed by focused ion beam milling to a final dimension of 7 μm × 7 μm × 12 μm. Microcompression testing showed that removing 5 μm of material from the laser cut surface in both specimens resulted in similar behavior to purely focused ion beam milled micropillars.
High-performance mid-IR metasurface optics (Conference Presentation)

The mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectral region contains the characteristic vibrational absorption bands of most molecules as well as two atmospheric transmission windows, and is therefore of critical importance to many biomedical, military, and industrial applications such as spectroscopic sensing, thermal imaging, free-space communications, and infrared countermeasures. Metasurface devices operating in the mid-IR potentially offer significantly reduced size, weight, and cost compared to traditional bulk optics, but they are also challenged with unique material and processing requirements. By combining high-index, broadband transparent dielectric materials with a Huygens metasurface design, we have experimentally realized high-performance metasurface devices with a low-profile, deep sub-wavelength thickness. Based on the platform, we demonstrated single-layer metalenses with focusing efficiencies up to 75% and diffraction-limited performance over a record field of view close to 180 degrees. These meta-optical devices can provide significantly enhanced design flexibility for future infrared optical systems.
Regions of the brain activated in bladder filling vs rectal distention in healthy adults: A meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies.

AIMS Adults with pelvic floor disorders commonly present with overlapping bladder and bowel symptoms; however, the relationship between urinary and defecatory dysfunction is not well understood. Our aim was to compare and determine if overlapping brain regions are activated during bladder filling and rectal distention in healthy adults. METHODS We conducted separate Pubmed searches for neuroimaging studies investigating the effects of rectal distention and bladder filling on brain activation in healthy subjects. Coordinates of activated regions were extracted with cluster-level threshold P < .05 and compared using the activation likelihood estimate approach. Results from the various studies were pooled and a contrast analysis was performed to identify any common areas of activation between bladder filling and rectal distension. RESULTS We identified 96 foci of activation from 14 neuroimaging studies on bladder filling and 182 foci from 17 studies on rectal distension in healthy adults. Regions activated during bladder filling included right insula, right and left thalamus, and right periaqueductal grey. Regions activated during rectal distention included right and left insula, right and left thalamus, left postcentral gyrus, and right inferior parietal lobule. Contrast analysis revealed common activation of the right insula with both rectal distention and bladder filling. CONCLUSION Bladder filling and rectal distention activate several separate areas of the brain involved in sensory processing in healthy adults. The common activation of the insula, the region responsible for interoception, in these two conditions may offer an explanation for the coexistence of bladder and defecatory symptoms in pelvic floor disorders.
Texas Department of State Health Services' Technical Guidance: Mosquito Abatement Post-Weather Incident.

ABSTRACT The Texas Department of State Health Services provides assistance to local health departments following severe weather events and other public health emergencies. Following the reports of ...
Defining Competency in Neonatal and Pediatric Bag Mask Ventilation

Bag-mask ventilation (BMV) is a lifesaving skill required of neonatal and pediatric practitioners, including all those who hold NRP and PALS certification. As neonatal and pediatric practice evolves and further specializes, trainee exposure and opportunity to perform BMV has changed. There exists no standardized definition or measurement of competency in this procedure. Currently, performance in BMV is most often described by global assessment by an expert provider from which competency to perform BMV is inferred. As assessment …
Mapping the rest of the human connectome: Atlasing the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system

The emergence of diffusion, structural, and functional neuroimaging methods has enabled major multi-site efforts to map the human connectome, which has heretofore been defined as containing all neural connections in the central nervous system (CNS). However, these efforts are not structured to examine the richness and complexity of the peripheral nervous system (PNS), which arguably forms the (neglected) rest of the connectome. Despite increasing interest in an atlas of the spinal cord (SC) and PNS which is simultaneously stereotactic, interactive, electronically dissectible, scalable, population-based and deformable, little attention has thus far been devoted to this task of critical importance. Nevertheless, the atlasing of these complete neural structures is essential for neurosurgical planning, neurological localization, and for mapping those components of the human connectome located outside of the CNS. Here we recommend a modification to the definition of the human connectome to include the SC and PNS, and argue for the creation of an inclusive atlas to complement current efforts to map the brain's human connectome, to enhance clinical education, and to assist progress in neuroscience research. In addition to providing a critical overview of existing neuroimaging techniques, image processing methodologies and algorithmic advances which can be combined for the creation of a full connectome atlas, we outline a blueprint for ultimately mapping the entire human nervous system and, thereby, for filling a critical gap in our scientific knowledge of neural connectivity.
A 28-GHz Beam-Space MIMO RX With Spatial Filtering and Frequency-Division Multiplexing-Based Single-Wire IF Interface

The evolution of mm-wave phased array receivers (RX) to MIMO RX promises multi-beamforming and improved capacity. Although digital beamforming (DBF) provides the highest flexibility, digitization in the beam space as opposed to element space enables ADC digitization scalability with number of beams ( $\le $ 4) and spatial filtering prior to the ADC. mm-Wave MIMO arrays must also address the challenge of increased IO routing while supporting dense fill-factors with $\lambda /2$ antenna spacing. In this work, an MIMO beam-space RX array architecture with simultaneous spatial filtering and single wire frequency-domain multiplexing (FDM) is presented. The reconfigurable weighted multi-phase mixing based beam-space RX scheme achieves both: 1) multi-beam formation/spatial filtering and 2) FDM of multiple beam-space outputs, preserving full MIMO field-of-view while ensuring a single IF interface. A 28-GHz four-element RX prototype demonstrates the proposed architecture in 65-nm CMOS. The IC occupies only 3.4 mm $\times $ 3.1 mm for a four-element MIMO 28-GHz array and can form four independent beams with >400-MHz 3-dB BW and FDM on to a single IF interface. The array consumes 450 mW and achieves >27-dB beam-to-beam isolation over 150-MHz BW, while consuming 28.1 mW/stream/beam for 28 GHz. Concurrent MIMO measurements with two wireless 28-GHz beams are shown at 400 Mb/s (100 Msps, 16QAM) data rate demonstrating mm-wave MIMO operation.
Introducing Longitudinal Cumulative Dose to Describe Chemotherapy Patterns Over Time: Case Study of a Colon Cancer Trial.

Adjuvant chemotherapy regimens take months to complete. Despite this, studies evaluate chemotherapy adherence via measures assessed at the end of treatment (eg, number of patients missing any dose, relative dose intensity [RDI]). This approach ignores information like the timing of treatment delays. We propose longitudinal cumulative dose (LCD) to integrate impacts of dose reductions, missed doses and dose delays over time. We obtained data from the 2246 participants in the MOSAIC trial randomized to FOLFOX (all three agents) or 5-FU/LV (only 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin). We evaluated proportions of patients stopping treatment early and reducing, missing or delaying a dose in each arm for each chemotherapy agent at each cycle. We calculated LCD, the fraction of the final standard dose a participant reached by a given day, for each participant and each agent and compared it over time and at 24 weeks between treatment arms. Participants randomized to FOLFOX were more likely to stop treatment, reduce doses, miss doses or delay cycles; these differences increased over time. Median LCD for oxaliplatin in the FOLFOX arm at 24 weeks was 77%. The LCD for 5-fluorouracil differed between arms (FOLFOX arm median: 81%; 5-FU/LV arm median: 96%). Visualizing LCD highlighted the timing of deviations from standard administration in a way RDI could not, with major differences in 5-fluorouracil LCD across treatment arms beginning after the sixth dose. Further evaluation of LCD and its impacts on clinical outcomes may clarify mechanisms for heterogeneous patient outcomes.
Peritoneal Dialysis in Special Situations

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is used widely and successfully in treatment of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients. The continuous nature of the therapy and its home-based, self-care character make it advantageous for certain subgroups of patients. This chapter focuses on the use of PD in subgroups of ESKD patients who require special considerations.
Hybrid incompatibility is stronger in the presence of transposable elements in the Drosophila virilis clade

Mismatches between parental genomes in selfish elements are frequently hypothesized to underlie hybrid dysfunction and drive speciation. However, because the genetic basis of most hybrid incompatibilities is unknown, testing the contribution of selfish elements to reproductive isolation is difficult. Here we evaluated the role of transposable elements (TEs) in hybrid incompatibilities between Drosophila virilis and D. lummei by experimentally comparing hybrid incompatibility in a cross where active TEs are present in D. virilis (TE+) and absent in D. lummei, to a cross where these TEs are absent from both D. virilis (TE-) and D. lummei genotypes. Using genomic data, we confirmed copy number differences in TEs between the D. virilis (TE+) strain and a D. virilis (TE-) strain and D. lummei. We observed F1 postzygotic reproductive isolation specifically in the interspecific cross involving TE+ D. virilis but not in the cross involving TE- D. virilis. A series of backcross experiments, designed to account for alternative models of hybrid incompatibility, showed that expression of this F1 hybrid incompatibility is consistent with the action of TEs rather than other, genic, interactions. A further Y-autosome interaction contributes to additional, sex-specific, inviability in one direction of this cross combination. These experiments demonstrate that TEs can increase reproductive isolation between closely related lineages, thereby adding to the processes that accelerate speciation.
Marginal Effects of Language and Individual Raters on Speech Quality Models

Speech quality is often measured via subjective testing, or with objective estimators of mean opinion score (MOS) such as ViSQOL or POLQA. Typical MOS-estimation frameworks use signal level features but do not use language features that have been shown to have an effect on opinion scores. If there is a conditional dependence between score and language given these signal features, introducing language and rater predictors should provide a marginal improvement in predictions. The proposed method uses Bayesian models that predict the individual opinion score instead of MOS. Several models that test various combinations of predictors were used, including predictors that capture signal features, such as frequency band similarity, as well as features that are related to the listener, such as a language and rater index. The models are fit to the ITU-T P. Supplement 23 dataset, and posterior samples are drawn from distributions of both the model parameters and the resulting opinion score outcomes. These models are compared to MOS models by integrating over posterior samples per utterance. An experiment was conducted by ablating different predictors for several types of Bayesian hierarchical models (including ordered logistic and truncated normal individual score distributions, as well as MOS distributions) to find the marginal improvement of language and rater. The models that included language and/or rater obtained significantly lower errors (0.601 versus 0.684 root-mean-square error (RMSE)) and higher correlation. Additionally, individual rater models matched or exceeded the performance of MOS models.
The Leukodystrophies: Overview and Classification

Publisher Summary The primary diseases of central myelin have been divided into two major types: myelinoclastic (demyelinating/demyelinative) and dysmyelinating/dysmyelinative, and they are both characterized by a primary loss of myelin with a relative sparing of axons. This chapter focuses on disorders of central white matter including leukoencephalopathies, leukodystrophies demyelination, and dysmyelination. Dysmyelinating diseases are those disorders in which myelin is not formed properly, in which myelin formation is delayed or arrested, or in which the maintenance of already formed myelin is disturbed. Furthermore, this chapter is confined to primary diseases of myelin and, in particular, to the major leukodystrophies. Not all primary diseases of myelin are leukodystrophies, some are referred to as leukoencephalopathies. For example, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy does not fit well into the demyelinative category and fulfills several criteria of a leukodystrophy. The JC papova virus directly infects and lyses oligodendrocytes usually resulting in a multifocal loss of CNS myelin with relative sparing of axons, but usually without inflammation, and it also is a progressive illness and may be confluent, such as in AIDS.
The Role of Life Satisfaction in Predicting Student Engagement and Achievement

Much research has investigated how individual components of subjective well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect, negative affect) influence adolescent functioning. Little is known, however, about how the third component of subjective well-being (SWB), life satisfaction, contributes to positive adolescent outcomes when investigated simultaneously with positive and negative emotions. The current study extends Lewis et al.’s (J Psychoeduc Assess 27:397–408, 2009. doi:10.1177/0734282908330571) work by considering the incremental validity of life satisfaction (LS) relative to negative affect (NA) and positive affect (PA) as predictors of student engagement and achievement in a sample of middle school students. Results indicated LS provided incremental validity over affective states in predicting student engagement and some aspects of academic achievement. Gender also moderated these relationships. Practitioners are encouraged to include all components of SWB in assessments, especially when trying to understand students’ school functioning.
Upgrades to the VISAR-streaked optical pyrometer (SOP) system on NIF

The Velocity Interferometer System for Any Reflector (VISAR) is a critical diagnostic in Inertial Confinement Fusion and High Energy Density research as it has the ability to track shock fronts or interfaces moving 0.1-100 km/s with great accuracy. At the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the VISAR has recently been used successfully for implosion tuning and equation of state measurements. However, the initial design of the companion Streaked Optical Pyrometer (SOP) to measure spectral radiance - hence shock temperature - suffers from large background levels and poor spatial resolution. We report on an upgrade to improve the spatial resolution in the 560-640nm band by using custom lenses and replacing the Dove prism with a K-mirror and implementing a gating-circuit for the streak camera to reduce background signal. We envision that upgraded SOP will provide high quality data collection matching NIF VISAR's standards.
A Fundamental Tehoerem of Asynchronous Parallel Computation

A recurrent phenomenon in models of asynchronous parallel computation is expressed in an abstract model. Many previous models, or special cases thereof, possess three local properties: determinism, commutativity, and persistence, as they are defined here. We show that the possession of these local properties by a system is a sufficient condition for the possession of the global confluence or "Church-Rosser" property. The relation of this property to the "determinacy" of asynchronous systems was suggested in recent work by Rosen. We show that determinacy proofs for many models, and proofs of some other properties of interest, are really corollaries of the main theorem of this paper.
Instructional Leadership and Principal Visibility

(1997). Instructional Leadership and Principal Visibility. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas: Vol. 70, No. 3, pp. 155-156.
Before they throw the switch: Insights on E-access from the back room

In the quickly changing world of acquisitions, librarians must adapt to dealing simultaneously with the traditional world of print resources and its players and the emerging world of electronic resources and its players. This workshop described the resultant changes in workflow in an acquisitions department, discussed the desirable qualities an acquisitions librarian should possess, and identified the diverse set of players in the e-resources game.
Why Are U.S. Lawyers Not Learning from Comparative Law

Address the problem of comparative law in the United States. Explains why comparative law matters. Gives reasons why U.S. lawyers are not learning from comparative law. These include lack of skills, lack of institutional supports, and legal structures that resist comparative law. and an attitude that comparative law has little to teach.
Millennial-scale climate instability during the early Pleistocene epoch

Climate-proxy records of the past 100,000 years show that the Earth's climate has varied significantly and continuously on timescales as short as a few thousand years (1–7). Similar variability has also recently been observed for the interval 340–500 thousand years ago8. These dramatic climate shifts, expressed most strongly in the North Atlantic region, may be linked to — and possibly amplified by — alterations in the mode of ocean thermohaline circulation4,5,6,7,8,9. Here we use sediment records of past iceberg discharge and deep-water chemistry to show that such millennial-scale oscillations in climate occurred over one million years ago. This was a time of significantly different climate boundary conditions; not only was the early Pleistocene epoch generally warmer, but global climate variations were governed largely by changes in Earth's orbital obliguity. Our results suggest that such millennial-scale climate instability may be a pervasive and long-term characteristic of Earth's climate, rather than just a feature of the strong glacial–interglacial cycles of the past 800,000 years.
Praise, Blame, Obligation, and Beyond: Toward a Framework for Classical Supererogation and Kin

Continuing prior work ([1, 2]), I integrate a simple system for personal obligation with a system for aretaic (agent-evaluative) appraisal. I then explore various relationships between definable aretaic statuses such as praiseworthiness and blameworthiness and deontic statuses such as obligatoriness and impermissibility. I focus on partitions of the normative statuses generated (cf. "normative positions" but without explicit representation of agency). In addition to representing and exploring traditional questions in ethical theory about the connection between blame, praise, permissibility and obligation, this allows me to carefully represent schemes for supererogation and kin. These controversial concepts have provided challenges to both ethical theory and deontic logic, and are among deontic logic's test cases.
Solids: Characterization by Powder Diffraction

This review article covers recent developments in X-ray and neutron powder diffraction with an emphasis on the complementary nature of these two condensed matter probes. After a short summary of the basics of X-ray and neutron scattering, examples of ‘mesoscopic’ structure investigations (i.e. particle size, strain) are presented followed by state-of-the-art combined neutron and X-ray high-resolution powder diffraction studies of ‘real’ catalysts. Neutron and X-ray powder diffraction studies in magnetic fields are highlighted and the reemergence of the total scattering approach using pair-distribution function (PDF) analysis within the context of ‘nanocrystallography’ is discussed. Modern examples of high-pressure crystallography using X-ray and neutrons are given. A short outlook considers future directions in light of nanoscience and new X-ray and neutron sources. Keywords: X-ray and neutron diffraction; powder diffraction; Williamson-Hall method; catalysts; magnetic fields; atomic pair-distribution functions (PDF); high-pressure diffraction
Conservation laws in the general theory of relativity

Investigation of the relationship between conservation laws in general relativity and certain types of « generalized symmetry properties » (generated by transformations which map space-times onto other space-times which are not describable as co-ordinate mappings) yields, in contrast to the case for co-ordinate mappings, a very restricted class of possible formal conservation expressions. Here we consider in particular the affine, projective, and conformal correspondence of Riemannian space-times. Particle and field conservation-law generators are formulated as well as the conditions necessary for conservation laws and related symmetry properties to be admitted. The particle case is illustrated by a well-known quadratic first integral of the geodesic equations of the Friedmann-Lemaitre cosmological space-time which follows in consequence of a projective symmetry property (geodesic correspondence). The field case is illustrated by formulating a conservation law following in consequence of a conformal symmetry property manifested by the familiar plane gravitational wave solutions which are included by some of the earlier work of Brinkmann.
Effects of Cerulenin upon the Syntheses of Lipid and Protein and upon the Formation of Respiratory Enzymes in Adapting, Lipid-Limited Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Abstract When bakers' yeast cells were grown anaerobically in a medium supplemented with Tween 80 and ergosterol, exposure during aeration to the fatty acid synthesis inhibitor, cerulenin, had little effect upon respiratory adaptation, the induction of enzymes of electron transport, or the in vivo incorporation of [14C]leucine into mitochondrial membranes. These lipid-supplemented cells were apparently able to undergo normal respiratory adaptation utilizing endogenous lipids alone. The level of cerulenin used (2 μg/ml) inhibited the in vivo incorporation of [14C]acetate into mitochondrial membrane lipids by 96%. If, however, the cells were deprived of exogenous lipid during anaerobic growth, subsequent exposure to cerulenin severely reduced their capacity to undergo respiratory adaptation, to form enzymes of electron transport, and to incorporate amino acid into both total cell and mitochondrial membrane proteins. This cerulenin-mediated inhibition of enzyme formation and of protein synthesis was nearly completely reversed by the addition of exogenous lipid during the aeration of the cells. In lipid-limited cells, chloramphenicol also had dramatic inhibitory effects, both alone (75%) and together with cerulenin (85%), upon total cell and mitochondrial membrane [14C]leucine incorporation. This marked chloramphenicol-mediated inhibition was also largely reversed by exogenous lipid. It is concluded that, in lipid-limited cells, either cerulenin or chloramphenicol may prevent the emergence of a pattern of lipids required for normal levels of protein synthetic activity. The effect of cerulenin upon the formation of mitochondrial inner membrane enzymes thus appears to reflect a nonspecific effect of this antilipogenic antibiotic upon total cell protein synthesis.