cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Social Issues in the Understanding of Narrative.

This paper proposes a number of social issues that are essential in understanding any given story, and thus, that must be included in a comprehensive approach to computational modeling of narrative. It focuses on oral narratives, and on the social event of the telling of a story. For participants in the telling, the central social issue is the story’s evaluation or meaning: the point or moral of the story. Value or meaning is created relative to social membership, and so, to understand evaluation, it is not sufficient to understand a story solely as a bounded unit. Therefore, this paper examines the ways in which narrative meaning is negotiated between narrator and interlocutors. It demonstrates how a given story can take on different meanings for different audiences. The life course of a story is also proposed as relevant dimension for understanding. Ephemeral stories are distinguished from stories which have multiple tellings, both for the stories of individuals, and for stories which form part of the story stock of institutions. Storytelling rights are also considered: who within a group has the right to tell a particular story on a particular occasion. These issues are proposed as potential meta-data to be used in the analysis of stories. Finally, the paper indicates an area in which computational understanding of narrative, including these social issues, has potential for practical applications: as part of current commercial knowledge capture and archiving activities.
Citrus Quality Control: An NMR/MRI Problem-Based Experiment

An experiment seated in an industrial context can provide an engaging framework and unique learning opportunity for an upper-division physical chemistry laboratory. An experiment that teaches NMR/MRI through a problem-based quality control of citrus products was developed. In this experiment, using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach, students construct knowledge about the physical properties that make NMR and MRI possible, apply them to make decisions about experimental conditions, and write a final report in the form of a technical report for a fictional company. Implementation in a laboratory course demonstrated that the majority of students met the desired learning outcomes.
Integration and Measures on Locally Compact Spaces

On a locally compact space, it is as natural to deal with continuous functions having compact support as it is natural to deal with step functions. Thus we must establish the relations which exist between functionals on the former or the latter. As we shall see, they essentially amount to the same thing.
Carotenoids as Cellular Antioxidants

Consumption of carotenoids is associated with an enhanced immune response and protection against neoplasia and atherosclerosis. Because these effects have been achieved using carotenoids with no pro-vitamin A activity, they are assumed to be due to the antioxidant properties of carotenoids. Carotenoids protect against photosensitized oxidation by quenching singlet oxygen. In addition, beta-carotene reacts chemically with peroxyl radicals to produce epoxide and apocarotenal products. To investigate the potential significance of these reactions to biological systems, we have used soybean lipoxygenase to generate peroxyl radical enzymatically. beta-Carotene inhibits the oxidation of linoleic acid by soybean lipoxygenase as well as the formation of the hydroperoxide product. In addition, the absorption of beta-carotene is diminished (bleached) by soybean lipoxygenase. The potential significance of these antioxidant reactions of carotenoids to biological function is discussed.
Effects of estrogen and progestogen on the cardiovascular and endocrine systems of turkeys.

Abstract Immature male and female turkeys were treated with diethylstilbestrol (DES), DES and Provera (P), or P and mestranol (M). More male turkeys died of aortic ruptures than females, and mortality only occurred in poults treated with DES alone or those treated with DES and P. Among the plasma constituents altered as a result of these 2 treatments, only triglyceride was significantly elevated in males as compared to females. There was hypothyroidism in both sexes treated with DES, P and DES, or P and M. There were numerous spermatozoa in the seminiferous tubules of the testes of immature males treated with P and M, but the histologic appearance of ovaries of females in all treatment groups was similar.
Single Machine Infinite Bus Power System Control With Resilient Extended Kalman Filter

The Extended Kalman Filter is commonly used as a non-linear estimator for engineering practices. However, the Extended Kalman Filter’s performance degrades or may even become unstable when the measurement data becomes inaccurate through random measurement failures, which is a widespread problem in many data-intensive control applications. To address this issue, the paper proposes an improved Extended Kalman Filter which is resilient against sensor failures. This work focuses on the Resilient Extended Kalman Filter’s derivation with its application to the single generator infinite bus power system. The sensor failure rate is modeled as a Binomial distribution with a known mean value. The performance of the proposed Resilient Extended Kalman Filter is compared with the traditional Extended Kalman Filter under various chances of sensor failures.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Molecular Dynamics Study of the Effect of Dopant Atoms on Grain Boundary Sliding

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to study grain boundary sliding in pure and doped Cu bicrystals using both Lennard-Jones and Embedded-Atom Method potentials. Two tilt [100] grain boundaries are considered: the coincident site lattice Σ5 interface and a random high angle interface. Shear stress between 0.69 GPa and 1.61 GPa was applied to the bicrystals for a duration of 10 ps at ambient temperature (300K) and high temperature (800K). For the pure bicrystals, the sliding of the Σ5 interface with respect to the random interface was lower at 800K and higher at 300K. For the doped bicrystals, interstitial dopant atoms and substitutional dopant atoms with larger atomic radius were effective in retarding grain boundary sliding. These simulations will aid further work to determine how segregated dopant atoms alter the tensile properties of nanocrystalline metals.
A Versatile Giemsa Protocol for Permanent Nuclear Staining of Fungi

A variety ofcytological stains and staining procedures including Giemsa-HCl (23), acetic-orcein (11), propionic-carmine (17), iron haematoxylin (20), safranin 0 (1), aniline blue or trypan blue (5), toluidine blue (9), and basic fuchsin or Feulgen stain (4, 16) have been used to investigate the nuclear condition of reproductive and somatic structures of fungi. Fluorescent stains such as acriflavin (19), acridine orange (22), 2,5bis(4-aminophenyl)1 ,3,4-oxadiazole (BAO) (14), and especially 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) (3, 13, 18) have been employed more recently to differentiate and improve the resolution of nuclear DNA from other cellular constituents and to quantitate genomic DNA through microspectrophotometric analyses. Most of these staining procedures were developed to produce temporary slides. Destaining solutions often are used as mounting media for temporary slides and usually cause stained nuclei to fade or become less differentiated within several hours to several days after preparation. Consequently, slide preparations from such procedures must be viewed and photographed during the short period when they are optimally differentiated. Since many nuclear-staining procedures are useful when only temporary slides are required, there is a need for a protocol that provides stable nuclear staining on permanent slides. Giemsa stain has been used successfully for many years on a large diversity of fungi with various procedures and modifications. This paper describes a protocol that allows preparation of slides for permanent nuclear staining of fungal structures with minimal fading. The procedure is useful for revealing numbers and positions of nuclei and providing tentative indications of ploidy as inferred from the numbers and sizes of nuclei within cells. It provides the capability of
Clinical problem-solving. An abundance of options.

Stage A 33-year-old rancher and outdoorsman reported four days of fever, low back pain, arthralgia, and myalgia. Two days before admission to the hospital, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fever (temperature, 39.7 °C) developed. Response One of the most important first steps in approaching a patient is to frame the problem -- that is, to define it in terms of either a diagnosis or a syndrome and then to think about it both pathophysiologically and probabilistically. With this patient, I would frame the problem as an acute undifferentiated fever syndrome. The chief problem is fever of a few days' duration. There . . .
Losing HOPE: Financial aid and the line between college and work

Abstract Although a wealth of research has shown that financial aid reduces hurdles to college enrollment, much less is known about how students react to the common occurrence of losing aid midway through their college careers. Using longitudinal data on two cohorts of Tennessee public college students and regression discontinuity designs centered around merit-based HOPE scholarship renewal benchmarks, we find that losing one’s scholarship results in a small degree of detachment from college and a rise in earnings of about 14 cents per dollar of lost aid. We see no local impact, however, on timely degree completion, which implies that HOPE loss may have merely accelerated a small number of students’ migration out of college. It remains to be seen how students fare farther below the renewal threshold, or whether they are better off for having had the HOPE scholarship at all, albeit for a short time.
Insulin resistance in normal rats infused with glucose for 72 h.

Insulin resistance is accentuated during periods of poor metabolic control in human non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The role of hyperglycemia in this suppression of insulin action is not c...
Electron microscopic studies on human renal biopsies. The structural basis of proteinuria

The structural alterations as observed with conventional histopathological techniques in human glomeruli obtained from patients with diseases characterized by marked proteinuria are varied. Glomeruli from such individuals may appear either within normal limits as in lipid nephrosis or else are characterized by marked thickening of the glomerular capillary walls as in chronic glomerulonephritis or amyloidosis of the kidney. These findings are rather contradictory and provide no structural basis for understanding the marked increase in permeability to plasma proteins of the glomeruli in such diseases. In order to further elucidate this problem, a study was undertaken of the fine structure of the human glomerulus obtained from biopsy material in various conditions associated with proteinuria. Nine cases of proteinuria were studied: two of juvenile lipid nephrosis, three of membranous glomerulonephritis, two of subacute and chronic glomerulonephritis, and two of amyloidosis. Marked proteinuria with a nephrotic syndrome was exhibited by one of the patients with lipid nephrosis, by one of the patients with membranous glomerulonephritis, and by both of the amyloid cases. The observations indicate that the structural basis of proteinuria is the presence of defects in the basement membrane of the glomerular capillary wall. This observation was previously reported in more detail in a study which consisted of some of the material included here (1).
The Virgin Anasazi and the Pan-Southwestern Trade System, A.D. 900–1150

ABSTRACTAnasazi expansion during the period A.D. 700 to 1150 involved the Virgin Anasazi in a senes of complex political and economic relationships with other Southwestern polities linked in a Pan-Southwestern trading system. The relationship was particularly intense during the period A.D. 900 to 1150, when the Chaco system may have been involved in a “world system” relationship with the Toltec, or other Mesoamerican groups. Due to their access to rare resources such as turquoise and salt, and other important resources such as cotton, the Virgin Anasazi of Lost City formed a vital portion of the larger trade system, extracting resources and sending them eastward. At the same time the Virgin Anasazi carried on extensive regional and local trade. The collapse of the Chaco polity in the twelfth century A.D. seems to have been an important factor in the collapse of the Virgin Anasazi and their withdrawal from southern Nevada, an area they had occupied for nearly 1200 years.
Three Volt Pulse-Driven Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizer

We describe a new generation of Josephson Arbitrary Waveform Synthesizers that generate programmable ac waveforms with an rms amplitude of 3 V and, at 1 kHz, have a quantum locking range greater than 1 rnA. This system has two chips with a total of 204 960 Josephson junctions (JJs) co-located on a cryocooler. To test for systematic errors, we phase-shift by 180° the waveform generated by half the JJs (102 480 JJs) to produce an approximate null. The measured residual of 51 nV rms implies a relative agreement of 3 parts in $10^{8}$ between the two halves of the system.
Turner, Frank M., European Intellectual History from Rousseau to Nietzsche Ed. Richard A. Lofthouse New Haven, CT: Yale University Press 302 pp., $40.00, ISBN 978-0-300-20729-3 Publication date: March 2015

The late Yale historian Frank Turner had intended to write a book on nineteenth-century European intellectual history. We have, instead, a collection of fifteen class lectures edited by his former ...
Optimal Contract Design Under Asymmetric Information for Cloud-Enabled Internet of Controlled Things

The development of advanced wireless communication technologies and smart embedded control devices makes everything connected, leading to an emerging paradigm of the Internet of Controlled Things IoCT. IoCT consists of two layers of systems: cyber layer and physical layer. This work aims to establish a holistic framework that integrates the cyber-physical layers of the IoCT through the lens of contract theory. For the cyber layer, we use a FlipIt game to capture the cloud security. We focus on two types of cloud, high-type and low-type, in terms of their provided quality of service QoS. The cloud's type is of private information which is unknown to the contract maker. Therefore, the control system administrator CSA at the physical layer needs to design a menu of two contracts for each type of service provider SP due to this asymmetric information structure. According to the received contract, SP decides his cyber defense strategy in the FlipIt game of which the Nash equilibrium determines the QoS of the cloud, and further influences the physical system performance. The objective of CSA is to minimize the payment to the cloud SP and the control cost jointly by designing optimal contracts. Due to the interdependence between the cyber and physical layers in the cloud-enabled IoCT, we need to address the cloud security and contract design problems in an integrative manner. We find that CSA always requires the best QoS from two types of cloud. In addition, under the optimal contracts, the utilities of both SPs are constants. Furthermore, no contracts will be offered to the cloud if the resulting service cannot stabilize the physical system.
Acoustic and seismic ambient noise measurements in urban and rural areas

Abstract Using portable sound level meters, simultaneous one-third octave spectral measurements of acoustic and seismic ambient noise as a function of frequency were conducted in different urban terrains and at two rural locations. The acoustic measurement frequency band of 6 Hz–20 kHz includes frequencies lower than are commonly measured in acoustic surveys, while the seismic band of 6 Hz–1 kHz extends to higher frequencies than most past seismic measurements. The urban acoustic measurements are dominated by traffic noise. The seismic signatures also are heavily influenced by traffic noise but exhibit more variation with respect to urban location due to the influence of subsurface conditions. For most urban measurement sites, the acoustic peak frequency was usually around 60 Hz, while the peak seismic frequencies were usually less than 25 Hz. The measured urban seismic spectra also tended to have more structure and variation in spectral shape from one location to another compared to the acoustic spectra, and a more rapid decline with increasing frequency, usually decreasing by about 30 dB from 30 Hz to 600 Hz.
The Role of Perceived Burden and Social Support in Suicide and Depression

In a sample of 114 military veterans with depression histories, perceived burden was related to depression symptoms and suicide attempt history. After accounting for perceived burden, sense of belonging was negatively related to depression. Among the areas of social support, family support was inversely related to both depression and suicide history. After accounting for family support, personal meaning from relationships and friend support were related to depression. The results of this study suggest that perceived burdensomeness may be a stronger determinant of suicidality than sense of belonging or social support. This study highlights the contribution of perceived burdensomeness to suicide and depression.
MMC-HVDC: Simulation and control system

Simulation of modular multilevel converter (MMC) based high-voltage direct current (HVDC) systems assumes significance due to their growing popularity. It could assist with the design of hardware, control systems of MMC and HVDC networks, and power system topology. However, simulation of MMC-HVDC using existing software takes a long time due to the presence of a large number of states and non-linear devices. This paper presents an ultra-fast single- or multi-CPU simulation algorithm to simulate the MMC-HVDC system based on state-space models and using hybrid discretization algorithm with a relaxation technique that reduces the imposed computational burden. Using the developed simulation algorithm, a control system is developed for an MMC-HVDC system that reduces the switching losses in the system.
Scaling Enumerative Program Synthesis via Divide and Conquer

Given a semantic constraint specified by a logical formula, and a syntactic constraint specified by a context-free grammar, the Syntax-Guided Synthesis (SyGuS) problem is to find an expression that satisfies both the syntactic and semantic constraints. An enumerative approach to solve this problem is to systematically generate all expressions from the syntactic space with some pruning, and has proved to be surprisingly competitive in the newly started competition of SyGuS solvers. It performs well on small to medium sized benchmarks, produces succinct expressions, and has the ability to generalize from input-output examples. However, its performance degrades drastically with the size of the smallest solution. To overcome this limitation, in this paper we propose an alternative approach to solve SyGuS instances.
Solution processing of chalcogenide materials using thiol–amine “alkahest” solvent systems

Macroelectronics is a major focus in electronics research and is driven by large area applications such as flat panel displays and thin film solar cells. Innovations for these technologies, such as flexible substrates and mass production, will require efficient and affordable semiconductor processing. Low-temperature solution processing offers mild deposition methods, inexpensive processing equipment, and the possibility of high-throughput processing. In recent years, the discovery that binary “alkahest” mixtures of ethylenediamine and short chain thiols possess the ability to dissolve bulk inorganic materials to yield molecular inks has lead to the wide study of such systems and the straightforward recovery of phase pure crystalline chalcogenide thin films upon solution processing and mild annealing of the inks. In this review, we recount the work that has been done toward elucidating the scope of this method for the solution processing of inorganic materials for use in applications such as photovoltaic devices, electrocatalysts, photodetectors, thermoelectrics, and nanocrystal ligand exchange. We also take stock of the wide range of bulk materials that can be used as soluble precursors, and discuss the work that has been done to reveal the nature of the dissolved species. This method has provided a vast toolbox of over 65 bulk precursors, which can be utilized to develop new routes to functional chalcogenide materials. Future studies in this area should work toward a better understanding of the mechanisms involved in the dissolution and recovery of bulk materials, as well as broadening the scope of soluble precursors and recoverable functional materials for innovative applications.
Blepharoptosis Treatment Options during Upper Eyelid Cosmetic Blepharoplasty

Introduction:To describe surgical techniques of blepharoptosis treatment during upper eyelid cosmetic blepharoplasty.Materials and Methods:All patients underwent a preoperative evaluation, includin...
CONDITIONS FOR LOCALIZED RESPONSE IN DECOUPLED VOLTAGE-VAR NETWORKS

The assumption of localized response of the decoupled reactive power problem for a lossless electric power system is examined. An “echelon” structure is defined for the linearized equations describing the incremental voltage magnitudes in terms of the incremental reactive injections. The first echelon is taken as the P-V buses, the second as P-Q buses directly connected to P-V buses, etc. By including the capacitive shunts, it is shown that there are a class of “uniform” perturbations (uniform voltage changes in an echelon) that are attenuated in the direction of the P-V buses but which are amplified in the direction away from the P-V buses. Under modest assumptions concerning the strength of the ties to the P-V buses, it is shown that disturbances that are limited to echelon 2 spread in the tierwise manner previously established for the active power problem. The results are demonstrated on the EPRI scenario A system.
Free Cash Flow Disclosure in Earnings Announcements

More companies are disclosing free cash flow in their earnings announcements. Companies choose a range of definitions for disclosed free cash flow, none of which correspond to the theoretical definition. The most common definition (in 38% of free cash flow disclosures) is operating cash flow minus capital expenditures. We provide evidence that opportunistic motives are a factor affecting the disclosure decision, especially for initial disclosures; initial disclosure is more likely when earnings decline and free cash flow increases. However, disclosure is more strongly associated with our proxies for information; firms are more likely to disclose when we expect free cash flow to be a more useful metric such as when the firm is capital intensive and when earnings do a poorer job of communicating performance. Conditional on disclosure, individual adjustments are also related to several of our proxies for information. Our overall conclusion is that, although there is some evidence of opportunism, free cash flow disclosure is primarily driven by the goal of providing better information to investors.
A Comparative Analysis of Mixed Finite Element and Conventional Finite Element Methods for One-Dimensional Steady Heterogeneous Darcy Flow

Accurate simulation of Darcy flux is essential to simulate contaminant transport in groundwater accurately. The mixed finite element method has been used to obtain highly accurate flux distribution in groundwater flow applications. However, the method has not been widely adopted because of the lack of understanding of its merits, lack of comparison of its solution to those obtained from conventional schemes, and the usually mathematically rigorous presentation of the theory behind the method, which is not easily comprehensible. Hence, the objective of this paper is to present a simplified conceptual description of the mixed finite element method, to compare the solutions obtained from the method to those of the conventional finite element methods and to analyze any special properties of the solutions obtained from the mixed finite element methods. It has been shown in this paper that the solutions obtained from the mixed finite element method are highly accurate in rapidly changing flux distributions and heterogeneous flow distributions even when coarse grids are used to obtain the solution.
On Noether's and Weyl's bound in positive characteristic

In this note we generalize several well known results concerning invariants of finite groups from characteristic zero to positive characteristic not dividing the group order. The first is Schmid's relative version of Noether's theorem. That theorem compares the degrees of generators of a group with those of a subgroup. Then we prove a suitable positive characteristic version of Weyl's theorem on vector invariants: polarization works in small degrees. Using that we show that the regular representation has the "most general" ring of invariants, thereby generalizing theorems of Schmid and Smith.
How to Decide Moral Questions Rationally

He aqui un falso dilema: o los juicios morales se han de equiparar con enunciados de hecho (descriptivismo), o el pensamiento moral no es de indole racional (emotivismo). Los dos unicos tipos posibles de descriptivismo, el naturalismo y el intuicionismo, se reducen al relativismo: el primero porque liga la correccion de los juicios morales a la conformidad con las reglas del lenguaje relativas a la cultura, y el segundo porque los liga con los habitos de pensamiento y pautas de reaccion producidas por la educacion que, de igual forma, son relativas a la cultura. La solucion del dilema estriba en buscar una forma racionalista de no descriptivismo, es decir una manera de que tenga lugar el razonamiento moral aun cuando los juicios morales no sean facticos. Atender a las propiedades logicas de los juicios morales, la prescriptividad y la universalizabilidad, lleva a una perspectiva kantiana en cuanto a la forma y utilitaria por lo que hace al contenido. Se salvan las objeciones comunes al utilitarismo separando el pensamiento moral en dos niveles: el intuitivo y el critico, del cual procede el primero, segun afirman los intuicionistas, pero el segundo puede usarse para justificar nuestras intuiciones y para resolver los conflictos entre ellas. En el Apendice se comenta el articulo del profesor Putnam incluido en este mismo numero de Critica.
ACID DIFFERENCE SPECTRA OF HUMAN CARBONIC ANHYDRASES.

Human carbonic anhydrase B loses enzymatic activity as it undergoes an irreversible conformational change near pH 4 (1). Riddiford (2) further found that seven of the eleven histidyl groups, which are unreactive in the native protein, become titratable during this change. Also, five or six of the eight tyrosyl groups do not ionize freely and reversibly in the native protein (2, 3). Human carbonic anhydrase C has a much greater specific activity (4) and a higher isoelectric point than carbonic anhydrase B (l), but its titration behavior is very similar to that of enzyme B (5). Seven of the twelve imidazole groups are normalized near pH 4.5 (at a slightly higher pH than the value of 4.2 found for enzyme B), coincident with a loss in enzymatic activity. Also, as in carbonic anhydrase B, only two of the eight tyrosyl groups titrate normally. However, enzyme C is more labile above pH 12.25 than is B.l Difference spectra between native and acidified carbonic anhydrase B were first studied by Ghazanfar in this laboratory (1). He observed three characteristic peaks in the difference spectra, at 236, 285, and 291.5 mp. The first of these is the most intense. He showed that there is a very abrupt transition when AQ is plotted against pH. The resulting curve is qualitatively similar to an ordinary titration curve, but is much steeper. At an ionic strength of 0.05 the midpoint of the curve (pH,id) lies near pH 3.5, or slightly above. Here we report studies of the pH dependence of the acid difference spectra at I’/2 = 0.05 and at P/2 = 0.15 of carbonic anhydrases B and C. The difference spectra are time dependent, as Ghazanfar had already found, and we have studied the changes with time in further detail.
Relation of the Neuroendocrine System to Reproductive Decline in Men

In contrast to the sharp landmark provided by the menopause in aging women, reproductive senescence in men appears to be a gradual process. In fact, there is still some question as to whether a true male climacteric occurs at all in normal men. Certainly, some human males retain full reproductive function into extreme old age. For example, Seymour, et al. (1935) documented successful paternity in a 94-year-old man. Nonetheless, considerable published data support the concept that men do show reduced reproductive capacity with age. This phenomenon may seem of little interest in the human male, since only rarely are new offspring desired by men past the age of 50. The subject of sexual function in older men, however, arouses lively interest because, in humans, sexual activity is not necessarily associated with procreation, but rather serves deeply felt personal needs, reinforces the permanence of pair-bonding, and hence is at the root of the stability of human families and, thus, societies. It is important to remember that the same hormones which regulate reproductive function also support and modulate sexual capacity and drive. Alterations in the secretion of these hormones, whether produced by aging or disease, can produce deleterious effects on sex drive and capacity which will be of concern to men of any age. Such alterations could occur as a result of aging changes in the function of the testes themselves. They might result from alterations in the pituitary gland, which secretes the gonadotropic hormones LH and FSH. Finally, aging changes might occur primarily in the hypothalamus, which regulates pituitary gonadotropic function both by secretion of the stimulatory polypeptide, luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH), and by release of the neurotransmitter, dopamine, which inhibits pituitary secretion of prolactin. Both LHRH and Dopamine are released by hypothalamic neurosecretory cells into capillaries of the ventral hypothalamus and hence into the pituitary portal circulation.
"Star" suture opacities of the crystalline lens: an illustrative report in AIDS patients.

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is disease of epidemic proportion associated with significant visual morbidity. Visual complications of AIDS have been described as a result of cytomegaloviral retinitis as well as fungal and protozoan opportunistic eye disease. Although cataracts have been established as a direct consequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS, studies suggest that HIV disease may indeed be a risk factor for the development of cortical cataract. This report further characterizes potential lens abnormalities associated with HIV and AIDS by clearly demonstrating opacities associated with lens sutures in two AIDS patients with loug-term use of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). Material/Methods: Case series demonstrating digitized slit lamp biomicroscopic anterior segment photos using indirect lens illumination. Results: Prominent "star" lens sutures of assumed abnormality typified by unusual branching and irregular caliber are photo-documented. Conclusions: Normally inconspicuous star suture branches are clearly demonstrated in two patients with AIDS and diabetes mellitus. Uncharacteristic star lens sutures have not been previously reported in AIDS patients however the occurrence of lens opacities due to HIV disease and AIDS is not without precedent. Despite the prominence and atypical nature of the illustrated lens sutures, assessment of morphologic abnormality is limited by lack of appropriate normative data describing star sutures clinically as a function of age and lens development.
Adding interactions to models of intersectional health inequalities: Comparing multilevel and conventional methods.

Abstract Examining health inequalities intersectionally is gaining in popularity and recent quantitative innovations, such as the development of intersectional multilevel methods, have enabled researchers to expand the number of dimensions of inequality evaluated while avoiding many of the theoretical and methodological limitations of the conventional fixed effects approach. Yet there remains substantial uncertainty about the effects of integrating numerous additional interactions into models: will doing so reveal statistically significant interactions that were previously hidden or explain away interactions seen when fewer dimensions were considered? Furthermore, how does the multilevel approach compare empirically to the conventional approach across a range of conditions? These questions are essential to informing our understanding of population-level health inequalities. I address these gaps using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health by evaluating conventional and multilevel intersectional models across a range of interaction conditions (ranging from six points of interaction to more than ninety, interacting gender, race/ethnicity/immigration status, parent education, family income, and sexual identification), different model types (linear and logistic), and seven diverse dependent variables commonly examined by health researchers: body mass index, depression, general self-rated health, binge drinking, cigarette use, marijuana use, and other illegal drug use. Findings suggest that adding categories to intersectional analyses will tend to reveal new points of interaction. Stratum-level results from the multilevel approach are robust to cross-classification by school context. Conventional and multilevel approaches differ substantially when tested empirically. I conclude with a detailed consideration of the origin of these differences and provide recommendations for future scholarship of intersectional health inequalities.
Trends in Interhospital Transfers and Mechanical Thrombectomy for United States Acute Ischemic Stroke Inpatients

Abstract Objective: Stroke care in the US is increasingly regionalized. Many patients undergo interhospital transfer to access specialized, time-sensitive interventions such as mechanical thrombectomy. Methods: Using a stratified survey design of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (2009-2014) we examined trends in interhospital transfers for ischemic stroke resulting in mechanical thrombectomy. International Classification of Disease—Ninth Revision (ICD-9) codes were used to identify stroke admissions and inpatient procedures within endovascular-capable hospitals. Regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with patient outcomes. Results: From 2009-2014, 772,437 ischemic stroke admissions were identified. Stroke admissions that arrived via interhospital transfer increased from 12.5% to 16.8%, 2009-2014 (P-trend
SARCOIDOSIS INCREASES THE RISK OF COMPLETE HEART BLOCK: A REVIEW FROM THE NATIONAL INPATIENT SAMPLE

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder. Cardiac manifestations of sarcoidosis are infrequent but are associated with increased mortality rates. Little epidemiological data is available on the relationship between Cardiac Sarcoidosis (CS) and Complete Heart Block (CHB). Data from the
Art as the practice of freedom: Critical alliances and professional identities within art librarianship

This article explores issues of developing individual and collective professional identities within art librarianship, with an emphasis on art librarians’ relationship to art and art-making. By having more honest conversations around what art does, what artists do and how they function in society, we can challenge deeply held assumptions about art librarianship; in particular, that our work is somehow removed from the political and social contexts in which we perform it. Through critical interventions within our profession we can develop a better understanding and definition of our relationship to art and artists in order to situate ourselves within current art practices. We can then build impactful relationships and social justice-oriented solidarity with creative practitioners and artists who are actively challenging structural oppression and promoting social justice through their work.
Complications of the Surgical Management of Children with Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a heterogeneous cancer; tumors can spontaneously regress or mature or display an aggressive, malignant phenotype. Clinical factors, including age and stage at diagnosis, and biologic factors, including amplification of the MYCN proto-oncogene and tumor histopathology, predictive of outcome, have been identified. This has allowed for the risk-based adjustment of therapy intensity, lessening intensity for children with low-risk disease to avoid long-term therapy toxicity and increasing intensity for those with high-risk disease to increase the likelihood of cure. This risk of disease relapse should be considered when determining the extent and aggressiveness to which surgical removal of a primary tumor and locoregional disease, if present, should be attempted, given that there is a high incidence of complications associated with neuroblastoma resection, many of which are significant. This is due, in large part, to the fact that neuroblastoma often infiltrates organs and surrounds critical vessels and nerves. More recently, image-defined risk factors have been identified that are associated with a greater risk of complications and a lower rate of complete tumor resection. Understanding these image-defined risk factors can help surgeons in their preoperative planning and discussions with families about potential complications associated with neuroblastoma surgery. These complications associated with the surgical management of children with neuroblastoma are discussed in this chapter.
Abstract 111: Active Time-Restricted Feeding Potently Protects Blood Pressure Daily Rhythm in Diabetic Mice

Diabetes is associated with high prevalence of non-dipping blood pressure (BP), which is the most common form of disruption in BP daily rhythm. Non-dipping BP is emerging as an independent risk fac...
Declining Use of Primary Care Among Commercially Insured Adults in the United States, 2008–2016

Primary care improves patient outcomes and lowers health care costs. That is why most countries emphasize primary care and why the United States is trying to expand primary care programs. This arti...
HIV-associated Extracranial Arterial Aneurysms: A Systematic Review.

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) has been found to be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, and the development of arterial aneurysms in particular, intracranial aneurysms. In this review, we will review the reported HIV-associated extracranial aneurysms (HECAA) and their possible association with HIV/AIDS. We will discuss the proposed pathogenetic pathways leading to arterial aneurysms. HECAA, a subset of HIV/AIDS-associated arterial aneurysm (HAA), is more commonly seen in the adult population and in those with lower CD4+ T-cell counts and higher HIV viral loads. There also appears to be an advantage to early diagnosis of HECAA. There are viable treatment options available, as 61.4% of patients with HECAA underwent a corrective procedure. Furthermore, the mortality rate of 1.75% in HECAA was much lower when compared to HICAA.
Monitoring results of iodine deficiency disorders in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in 2011

Objective To study the situation of iodine deficiency disorders and iodine nutrition status,to explore a scientific basis for taking appropriate measures to control iodine deficiency disorders.Methods Within the region in accordance with the PPS(standard group sampling method),30 counties(cities) were selected,and a primary school was selected from each counties(cities),thyroid volume of 40 8-10-year-old students was examined and iodine level of salt samples from their families was tested.Twelve students were selected from those 40 students for testing of their urinary iodine levels.In the village (neighborhood committee) where the school was,according to the position of the East,the West,the South,the North and the Center,1 copy of drinking water sample was collected,in case of centralized water supply areas,2 copies of tap water samples were collected for measuring water iodine level.Three townships(towns,street offices) near the school were selected,5 pregnant and 5 lactating women were selected,totally 15 pregnant and 15 lactating women in each county (city,district,flag) were selected to test their urinary iodine level.Results ①A total of 1211 children aged 8 to 10 were selected,average goiter rate was 2.39％(29/1211).②A total of 1 209 salt samples were selected,median of iodized salt was 32.3 mg/kg,coverage of local iodized salt was 99.67％ (1 205/1 209); consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.60％ (1 180/1 209).③A total of 364 urinary samples of 8-10-year-old students were selected,urinary iodinen ranged between 2.83-561.10 μg/L,with a median of 185.55 μg/L; a total of 1 019 urinary samples of pregnant and lactating women were selected,median of urinary iodine was 184.86 μg/L.④A total of 68 water samples were selected,water iodine value was in the range of 0.86-76.10 μg/L,median of water iodine was 2.99 μg/L,where in 60 samples was less than 10.00 μg/L,accounting for 88.24％.Conclusions Water iodine in external environment is too low in Xinjiang; coverage of iodized salt is high; the children's iodine nutrition are at appropriate level; and iodine nutrition levels of pregnant women and lactating women are too low.Therefore we should strengthen the work of iodine supplementation in targeted subgroup of people such as pregnant and lactating women. Key words: Iodine ; Water; Urinary ; Rate of thyroid goiter
Do specific operative approaches and insurance status impact timely access to colorectal cancer care

The increased use of minimally invasive surgery in the management of colorectal cancer has led to a renewed focus on how certain factors, such as insurance status, impact the equitable distribution of both laparoscopic and robotic surgery. Our goal was to analyze surgical wait times between robotic, laparoscopic, and open approaches, and to determine whether insurance status impacts timely access to treatment. After IRB approval, adult patients from the National Cancer Database with a diagnosis of colorectal cancer were identified (2010–2016). Patients who underwent radiation therapy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, had wait times of 0 days from diagnosis to surgery, or had metastatic disease were excluded. Primary outcomes were days from cancer diagnosis to surgery and days from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy. Multivariable Poisson regression analysis was performed. Among 324,784 patients, 5.9% underwent robotic, 47.5% laparoscopic, and 46.7% open surgery. Patients undergoing robotic surgery incurred the longest wait times from diagnosis to surgery (29.5 days [robotic] vs. 21.7 [laparoscopic] vs. 17.2 [open], p < 0.001), but the shortest wait times from surgery to adjuvant chemotherapy (48.9 days [robotic] vs. 49.9 [laparoscopic] vs. 54.8 [open], p < 0.001). On adjusted analysis, robotic surgery was associated with a 1.46 × longer wait time to surgery (IRR 1.462, 95% CI 1.458–1.467, p < 0.001), but decreased wait time to adjuvant chemotherapy (IRR 0.909, 95% CI 0.905–0.913, p < 0.001) compared to an open approach. Private insurance was associated with decreased wait times to surgery (IRR 0.966, 95% CI 0.962–0.969, p < 0.001) and adjuvant chemotherapy (IRR 0.862, 95% CI 0.858–0.865, p < 0.001) compared to Medicaid. Though patients undergoing robotic surgery experienced delays from diagnosis to surgery, they tended to initiate adjuvant chemotherapy sooner compared to those undergoing open or laparoscopic approaches. Private insurance was independently associated not only with access to robotic surgery, but also shorter wait times during all stages of treatment.
D-Amphetamine Accelerates Recovery of Consciousness and Respiratory Drive After High-Dose Fentanyl in Rats

In the United States, fentanyl causes approximately 60,000 drug overdose deaths each year. Fentanyl is also frequently administered as an analgesic in the perioperative setting, where respiratory depression remains a common clinical problem. Naloxone is an efficacious opioid antagonist, but it possesses a short half-life and undesirable side effects. This study was conducted to test the hypothesis that d-amphetamine ameliorates respiratory depression and hastens the return of consciousness following high-dose fentanyl. Behavioral endpoints (first head movement, two paws down, and return of righting), arterial blood gas analysis and local field potential recordings from the prefrontal cortex were conducted in adult rats after intravenous administration of fentanyl (55 µg/kg) at a dose sufficient to induce loss of righting and respiratory depression, followed by intravenous d-amphetamine (3 mg/kg) or saline (vehicle). D-amphetamine accelerated the time to return of righting by 36.6% compared to saline controls. D-amphetamine also hastened recovery of arterial pH, partial pressure of CO2 and O2 and of sO2 compared to controls, with statistically significant differences in pH after 5 minutes and after 15 minutes. Local field potential recordings from the prefrontal cortex showed that within 5 minutes of d-amphetamine administration, the elevated broadband power <20 Hz produced by fentanyl had returned to awake baseline levels, consistent with the return of consciousness. Overall, d-amphetamine attenuated respiratory acidosis, increased arterial oxygenation, and accelerated the return of consciousness in the setting of fentanyl intoxication. This suggests that d-amphetamine may be a useful adjunct or alternative to opioid receptor antagonists such as naloxone.
Defining the divergent enzymatic properties of RNA polymerases I and II.

Eukaryotes express at least three nuclear DNA-dependent RNA polymerases (Pols) responsible for synthesizing all RNA required by the cell. Despite sharing structural homology, they have functionally diverged to suit their distinct cellular roles. Although the Pols have been studied extensively, direct comparison of their enzymatic properties is difficult because studies are often conducted under disparate experimental conditions and techniques. Here, we directly compare and reveal functional differences between Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pols I and II using a series of quantitative in vitro transcription assays. We find that Pol I single-nucleotide and multinucleotide addition rate constants are faster than those of Pol II. Pol I elongation complexes are less stable than Pol II elongation complexes, and Pol I is more error prone than Pol II. Collectively, these data show that the enzymatic properties of the Pols have diverged over the course of evolution, optimizing these enzymes for their unique cellular responsibilities.
“I Knew It Was Gonna Be Hard, but I Always Knew I Had Support From My Parents”: The Role of Family on Undocumented Students’ College Aspirations and Persistence:

Literature shows that undocumented students in the United States experience significant challenges to and through higher education. Only a few studies have uncovered the mechanisms that undocumente...
An Interactive Device Characterization and Model Development System

A computer aided design system for integrated circuits is not complete without accurate circuit simulation capabilities. Accurate simulation is not possible without accurate models and model parameters. TECAP2 (Transistor Electrical Characterization and Analysis Program) is a program that greatly simplifies the development of models, the extraction of model parameters from measured data, and the comparison of the effectiveness of various models.
Executives in crisis : recognizing and managing the alcoholic, drug-addicted, or mentally ill executive

The challenge of the impaired executive defecting the impaired executive managing the impaired executive resource a primer on psychotherapies and psychiatric medications for impaired executives.