cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Phlebotomy in a Community Teaching Hospital

A retrospective study of phlebotomy practices was conducted in a hospital affiliated with a major teaching program. Cumulative volume of blood lost by phlebotomy was determined for patients on a general medical ward and compared to that for patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit or coronary care unit (ICU/CCU). The laboratory to which phlebotomy blood was sent for analysis and the total number of vascular punctures were also determined. All patients had blood drawn on day 1 of hospitalization; by day 5, only about 50% of each group observed underwent phlebotomy. Cumulative phlebotomy totals were higher for the ICU/CCU patient group than for the general medical group—185 mL/patient compared to 141 mL/patient by day 10 of the hospital stay. Despite substantial blood losses sustained by phlebotomy, little direct impact on blood hemoglobin concentration was apparent.Most of the blood drawn from each group was sent to either the chemistry laboratory or hematology laboratory. The data presented in this study provide a longitudinal view of phlebotomy practices in a teaching community hospital and provide valuable information about cumulative loss of blood by phlebotomy over time spent in the hospital.
Survival of Trypanosoma musculi in the kidneys of chronically infected mice: Kidney form reproduction and immunological reactions

Trypanosoma musculi are detected in the blood of the mouse host within 3-5 days after infection. Peak parasitemia is reached within 10 days and parasites persist at a plateau level for 2-3 wk. There are no intracellular stages and the flagellates are eliminated from the peripheral blood within 4 wk. However, trypanosomes persist in the vasa recta of the kidneys and may be present for the life of the host. Infection provides lifelong resistance to reinfection. Kidney forms (KF) of T. musculi were isolated and studied to define their morphology, reproductive activity, and serological reactivity. Dividing epimastigotes and trypomastigote stages were present in kidneys. Multinucleate and rosette forms were common. Measurements of the coefficient of variation of the KF confirmed that the trypanosomes were actively reproducing. Direct immunofluorescence reactions with rabbit antimouse IgG + IgA + IgM detected antibodies on bloodstream forms (BSF) but not on the KF. However, indirect immunofluorescence tests using antisera collected from mice during early and late phases of the infections showed that KF were capable of reacting with antibodies. The reproductive activity displayed by the KF appears to be responsible for the continuous replacement of the trypanosomes that are killed by the immune responses of the resistant mice when they leave the vasa recta. Solute concentrations of the blood within the vasa recta appear to prevent antibodies from complexing with surface antigens of the parasites. These capillaries provide nutrients that allow the trypanosomes to reproduce and persist unaffected by the host immune responses.
Population transfer between valence states via autoionizing states using two-color ultrafast π pulses in XUV and the limitations of adiabatic passage

Population transfer between two valence states of the Li atom with a Raman process via intermediate autoionizing states well above the ionization threshold is investigated using a recently developed implementation of the muticonfiguration time-dependent Hartree Fock method. It is found that a properly chosen sequence of pump and Stokes $\ensuremath{\pi}$ pulses can yield a population transfer efficiency of $53%$ at relatively low intensities, while the extension of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) approach to the XUV in this case is far less efficient and loses its characteristic robustness at high intensities. A rule of thumb for when STIRAP is practical is given, suggesting that at still shorter wavelengths STIRAP may be possible.
Bclcnc—A Computer Numerical Control System

A Computer Numerical Control (CNC) system, which provides for cutter path programming for three axis contouring directly on the control minicomputer, is described. The system is built around a PDP-8/E computer and makes use of FOCAL an interpretive language both of which have been developed by Digital Equipment Corporation, Maynard, Massachusetts, USA. The computing capabilities of FOCAL were augmented with machine-tool control functions, switch sensing functions and a special routine for communicating with a large-scale computer over phone lines. All input/output and machine control is performed in the interrupt mode, thus, freeing the processor to perform computations most of the time. On line editing commands provide the operator with the flexibility needed to optimize the process.
Intervention on Pre-school Children's Family Unintentional Injury

Objective To evaluate the effect of family unintentional injury intervention among pre-school children's parents,provide suggestions for reducing the incidence of family unintentional injury.Methods Stratified cluster sampling method was adopted,totally 1 769 pre-school children's parents in 12 kindergartens were collected for intervention.One week and 3 months after the invervention,questionaire suvey was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness.Results The taken intervention measures improved the awareness of family unintentional injury knowledge in varying degrees at different time,helped children develop safe behaviors.The effect of a week after intervention was more obvious than 3 months later.The awareness rate of safety-check has risen from 0.96% to 10.42% one week after the intervention,but 3 month later,the rate dropped to 2.41%.The same trend has shown in knowledge and behavior.Conclusion The kindergartens should strengthen trainings about family unintentional injury knowledge at regular intervals.Through accumulation of knowledge,parents and their children can set up correct attitude and improve their prevention ability.
Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase of Neurosporacrassa

Abstract Neurospora crassa was surveyed for cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase activity. Two peaks (I and II) of protein kinase activity were demonstrated by DEAE-cellulose chromatography of wild type Neurospora extracts. Peak I was stimulated by cyclic AMP, eluted below 60 mM NaCl and had high activity using histone H2B as substrate. Peak II eluted at 200–250 mM NaCl; its activity was not cyclic AMP stimulated and was highest with dephosphorylated casein as a substrate. Cyclic AMP binding to a protein associated with the protein kinase is specifically inhibited by certain cyclic AMP analogs.
Feldexperimente zur Bewertung der Unterflurigen Wasserbewirtschaftung von Deponien in von Schneeschmelzen Dominierten Semiariden Regionen der USA

Bei der oberflachennahen Ablagerung von gefahrlichen und radioaktiven Abfallstoffen besteht die Absicht, den Mull so zu isolieren, das Gesundheit und Sicherheit von Offentlichkeit und Umwelt gewahrleistet sind. Gegenwartig stehen keine ausreichenden Felddaten zur Bewegung von Wasser und Schadstoffen unter ungesattigten Bedingungen zur Verfugung, die in sorgfaltig instrumentierten grosflachigen Versuchen gewonnen wurden und den Betreiber der Deponie in die Lage versetzen, geeignete Abdichtungssysteme zu definieren und zu bauen, und so die Migration der Schadstoffe aus der Deponie zu verhindern. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Untersuchungen bestand in der Uberwachung und dem Vergleich der Wasserbilanz fur verschiedene Konstruktionen von Deponieabdeckungen in Umgebungen, die aufgrund der Schneeschmelze ein hohes Sickerungspotential besitzen.
Homogeneity of Severe Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Profiles in Children and Adolescents Across Gender, Age, and Traumatic Experiences Related to 9/11

Patients with a posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1994) will very likely not share all of the same symptoms, a consequence of the polythetic approach used in the DSM. We examined heterogeneity in the latent structure of PTSD symptoms using data from a previously published sample of 8,236 youth a subset of which had been exposed to the September 11, 2001 attacks (N = 6,670; Hoven et al., 2005). Latent class analysis was applied (a) to PTSD symptoms alone, (b) to symptoms in combination with impairment indicators, and (c) to PTSD symptoms when stratified by age and gender, as well as by empirically defined classes of exposure. We identified 4 symptom classes: no disturbance (49.4%), intermediate disturbance (2 classes; 21.5% and 18.6%, respectively), and severe disturbance (10.5%). These classes varied not only in the severity of symptoms, but also in the configuration of symptoms. We observed a high probability of endorsing both PTSD symptoms and indicators of impairment only in the severe disturbance class. A similar 4-class structure was found when the data were stratified by age, gender, and exposure classes. There were no significant differences as a function of age, gender, or exposure in the presence of severe PTSD. Heterogeneity was observed at intermediate levels of PTSD symptom severity. The specific PTSD symptoms that defined the severe PTSD profile could constitute the pathogenic aspects of a largely invariant and clinically meaningful PTSD syndrome.
Lanthanide-activated scheelite nanocrystal phosphors prepared by the low-temperature vapor diffusion sol–gel method

A series of Eu3+-, Tb3+-, and Tm3+-doped CaWO4 phosphor nanocrystals have been synthesized under benign conditions using the vapor diffusion sol-gel method. The high degree of synthetic flexibility inherent to this approach has enabled the synthesis of a CaWO4:(Eu,Tb) dual-sensitized white light emitting nanocrystal phosphor upon commercial UV excitation at 366 nm with a long lifetime exceeding 1 ms.
Prosecutors Respond to Calls for Forensic Science Reform: More Sharks in Dirty Water

In September 2016, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) released a report questioning the validity of a number of forensic science techniques. This report comes seven years after the watershed National Research Council Report on forensic science offered many similar criticisms of forensic science in the United States. Following the PCAST report, several major law enforcement figures responded. This paper focuses on the responses by Attorney General Loretta Lynch and the National District Attorneys Association and their implications for the future of forensic science reform.
Do 72-Hour Waiting Periods and Two-Visit Requirements for Abortion Affect Women's Certainty? A Prospective Cohort Study

Abstract Purpose This paper examines how Utah's two-visit requirement and 72-hour waiting period influence women's certainty about their decision to have an abortion. Procedures This study uses data from a prospective cohort study of 500 women who presented at an abortion information visit at four Utah family planning facilities. At the information visit, participants completed a baseline survey; 3 weeks later, they completed telephone interviews that assessed their pregnancy outcome, change in certainty, and factors affecting changes in certainty. Main Findings Overall, 63% reported no change in certainty owing to the information visit and 74% reported no change in certainty owing to the waiting period. Changes in certainty were primarily in the direction of increased certainty, with more women reporting an increase (29%) than a decrease (8%) in certainty owing to the visit and more women reporting an increase (17%) than a decrease (8%) owing to waiting. Changes in certainty in either direction were concentrated among the minority (8%) who were conflicted about their decision at baseline. Learning about the procedure, meeting staff, and discovering that the facility was a safe medical environment were main contributors to increased certainty. Conclusion Most women were certain of their decision to have an abortion when they presented for their abortion information visit and their certainty remained unchanged despite the information visit and 72-hour waiting period. Changes in certainty were largely concentrated in the minority of women who expressed uncertainty about their decision before the beginning of the information visit. Thus, individualized counseling for the minority who are conflicted when they first present for care seems more appropriate than universal requirements.
What Health Care Professionals Should Know about the Regulation and Safety of Dietary Supplements

The purpose of this commentary is to provide a clear understanding of the governmental regulation of dietary supplements and a brief overview of their relative safety. Statements are widely found i...
A gene’s eye view of Darwinian populations

Biologists and philosophers differ on whether selection should be analyzed at the level of the gene or of the individual. In Peter Godfrey-Smith’s book, Darwinian Populations and Natural Selection, he argues that individuals can be good members of Darwinian populations, whereas genes rarely can. I take issue with parts of this view, and suggest that Godfrey-Smith’s scheme for thinking about Darwinian populations is also applicable to populations of genes.
Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in bovine photoreceptor rod outer segments.

Purpose. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) plays important roles in mitogenesis, vesicular trafficking, actin rearrangement, and prevention of apoptotic cell death in nonocular tissues. This investigation looked for whether PI 3-kinase is present in bovine rod photoreceptors and if light has any effect on its activity. Methods. Bleached (BROS) and dark-adapted (DROS) rod outer segments were prepared from frozen bovine retinas and immunoblotted or immunoprecipitated with antibodies against the regulatory (p85) or catalytic (p110) subunits of PI 3-kinase. Kinase activity was measured in the immunoprecipitates and the reaction products were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The amount of PI 3-kinase in membrane and cytosol fractions was determined by densitometry of immunoblots. Results. Immunoblot analysis showed the presence of 85 and 110 kDa proteins in ROS. PI 3-kinase immunoprecipitated by anti-p85 antibody, converted PI to PI-3-P and PI-4-P to PI-3,4-P 2 , as determined by HPLC analysis of the deacylated products. The PI 3-kinase activity in these ROS preparations was sensitive to wortmannin, a potent inhibitor of PI 3-kinase, at low concentrations (IC 50 3 nM). Immunoprecipitates (IPs) showed activity twice as high in BROS as in DROS. The IPs of ROS membranes but not cytosol maintained the light-dark difference. However, measurement of anti-p85 and anti-p110 immunoreactivities on western blots of ROS, ROS membranes, and ROS cytosol did not show any light-dark differences. Conclusions. PI 3-kinase is present in bovine rod outer segments and its activity appears to be greater in light-adapted retinas.
The Relationship Between Health Assets, Social Capital and Cohesive Communities

This chapter explores the strength of “social cohesion” both as an individual and community asset. There is a growing body of evidence that supports the link between strong social capital and its beneficial impact on health, although the authors stress that social capital is, in itself, not a panacea and will not put right the detrimental impact of extreme poverty and deprivation. The authors suggest that whilst the strength of cohesion of a society can be perceived as an “asset”, conveying beneficial health and social outcomes, there are instances where it can be detrimental. A distinction is made between “bonding social capital” (formed within homogenous groups) which can have a negative impact and “bridging social capital” (between different social groups), which appears beneficial. Cognisant of these pitfalls the chapter suggests ways that communities may begin to build social capital and harness it as a community asset. Social capital embraces two distinct concepts. On the one hand, the “network” theory of social capital defines the concept in terms of the “individual” resources – for example, instrumental support, information channels, social credentials – that are embedded within an individual’s social network. By contrast, the “social cohesion” approach to social capital defines it in terms of the “community based” assets and resources – for example, levels of trust, norms, mutual assistance, and the exercise of sanctions – that are available to members of tightly-knit communities. Social capital, defined either way, can be considered as an example of a health asset, i.e. a resource which enhances the ability of individuals or communities to maintain health and well-being. In the public health field, however, the majority of empirical studies to date have focused on the social cohesion approach to social capital. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the state of knowledge – theories of causation, measurement approaches, empirical evidence, and debates – concerning social cohesion as a community-level asset and determinant of health. The first section summarizes the theoretical mechanisms and processes by which community cohesion is believed to promote and protect health. The second section outlines the existing measurement approaches for assessing community cohesion. The third section summarizes the empirical evidence ­linking community cohesion to health. The concluding section discusses the ongoing debate concerning the utility of mobilizing social cohesion as a strategy to improve community health, and what we need to know in order to move the field forward.
Sociodemographic Predictors of Missed Appointments Among Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Objective:To identify disparities in compliance of and care for patients with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) by determining the impact of sociodemographic variables on the rate of missed appointmen...
AutoCNet: A Python library for sparse multi-image correspondence identification for planetary data

Abstract In this work we describe the AutoCNet library, written in Python, to support the application of computer vision techniques for n -image correspondence identification in remotely sensed planetary images and subsequent bundle adjustment. The library is designed to support exploratory data analysis, algorithm and processing pipeline development, and application at scale in High Performance Computing (HPC) environments for processing large data sets and generating foundational data products. We also present a brief case study illustrating high level usage for the Apollo 15 Metric camera.
Quantum Fluctuations in Optical Measurements

A principal motivation for the investigation\of squeezed states of light has been the potential that such states offer for the improvement of the precision of optical measurements beyond the limit set by the zero-point or vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. In the past two years, this expectation has been heightened by the successful generation of squeezed states of light by several groups working with a variety of physical systems (1). If we set aside for the moment the numerous scientific and technological questions associated with the optimization of the squeezing produced in these initial experiments, it is an exciting prospect to attempt to employ these sources to implement the various measurement schemes with squeezed light that have been discussed in the theoretical literature for many years.
A HYBRID DATA MODEL FOR INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENTS

Presented here is a new Object-Oriented data model for representing various types of knowledge that are present in an integrated manufacturing environment. The paper focuses on how to integrate a variety of different knowledge structures into a comprehensive knowledge base. A key issue is the hybridization of the traditional Relational Database (RDB) and network models with a semantic data model. Within a manufacturing environment, the new model encapsulates different types of knowledge into a small set of abstraction categories. A prototype integrated knowledge model is under construction at the Knowledge Based Systems Lab at Purdue. The whole knowledge base is being implemented in Smalltalk-80 on a SUN 3/60 workstation.
Value of K i -67 Labeling Index in Predicting Recurrence of WHO Grade I Cranial Base Meningiomas.

Objectives Assess impact of K i -67 labeling index (LI; K i -67 LI) on risk of recurrence or progression of WHO grade I meningiomas. Study Design Retrospective study of adult patients who underwent resection of cranial base meningioma between 2004 and 2016. Results 272 patients fulfilled criteria for inclusion in the study. Average age was 61.8 years; 196 (72%) were females. Simpson's grade 1 resection was noted in 77 patients (32%), grade 2 in 39 (16%), grade 3 in 36 (15%), and grade 4 in 88 (37%). The K i -67 LI was low (1–4%) in 214 (78.7%), intermediate (5–9%) in 44 (16.2%), and high (>10%) in 14 (5.2%). Median follow-up was 39 months (IQR: 16–71 months); 221 (87.1%) tumors remained stable or did not recur, 19 (7.4%) recurred, and 14 (5.5%) progressed. Compared with tumors with low K i -67 LI, those with intermediate K i -67 LI had 2.47 times (2.47 [1.09–5.59], p = 0.03), and those with high K i -67 LI had 3.38 times (3.38 [1.16–9.89], p = 0.03) higher risk of recurrence or progression. Tumors with K i -67 LI > 4% had a shorter time to recurrence or progression ( p = 0.01). Recurrence or progression-free survival rates at 3, 5, and 10 years for tumors with low K i -67 LI were 95%, 89%, and 75%, respectively; tumors with intermediate K i -67 LI, 87%, 69%, and 52%, respectively; tumors with high K i -67 LI, 78%, 49%, and 49%, respectively. Conclusions Following surgical resection of a WHO grade I cranial base meningioma, K i -67 LI > 4% may predict an increased risk of recurrence or progression of residual tumor.
Impacts of elevated pCO2 on estuarine phytoplankton biomass and community structure in two biogeochemically distinct systems in Louisiana, USA

Abstract Ocean acidification has the potential to impact the ocean's biogeochemical cycles and food web dynamics, with phytoplankton in the distinctive position to profoundly influence both, as individual phytoplankton species play unique roles in energy flow and element cycling. Previous studies have focused on short-term exposure of monocultures to low pH, but do not reflect the competitive dynamics within natural phytoplankton communities. This study explores the use of experimental microcosms to expose phytoplankton assemblages to elevated pCO2 for an extended period of time. Phytoplankton communities were collected from two biogeochemically distinct Louisiana estuaries, Caillou Lake (CL) and Barataria Bay (BB), and cultured in lab for 16 weeks while bubbling CO2 enriched air corresponding to current (400 ppm) and future (1000 ppm) pCO2 levels. Results suggest that elevated pCO2 does not implicitly catalyze an increase in phytoplankton biomass (chlorophyll a). While pigment data showcased a parabolic trend and microscopic observations revealed a loss in species diversity within each major taxonomic class. By the end of the 16-week incubation, 10 out of the 12 cultures had a community structure analogous to that of the startup phytoplankton assemblage collected from the field. Natural phytoplankton assemblages exposed to elevated pCO2 experienced multiple transitional states over the course of a 16-week incubation, indicating that there is no deterministic successional pathway dictated by coastal acidification but community adaptation was observed.
Mikhail Bakhtin: between historicism and postcolonial critique

The essay by Craig Brandist confronts those of us engaged in the theoretical humanities with the question of critique. Certainly, the current conjuncture, despite appearances to the contrary, is no...
Value of the 'clicky hip' in selective screening for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

Aims The aim of this study was to review the value of accepting referrals for children with ‘clicky hips’ in a selective screening programme for hip dysplasia. Patients and Methods A single-centre ...
The Role of Curiosity in the Sociopolitical Development of Black and Latinx Adolescents.

Sociopolitical development, the process of coming to understand and take action against systems of oppression, is associated with key outcomes for youth. Although rooted in Paulo Freire's work on critical consciousness, sociopolitical development models overlook a motivational attribute-curiosity-that Freire characterized as a catalyst of such development. This longitudinal study investigated the relationship between curiosity and two aspects of sociopolitical development (social analysis, societal involvement) in a sample of Black and Latinx adolescents (N = 659). Longitudinal growth models demonstrated positive growth in all constructs over 4-years of high school. Multivariate growth models revealed a positive correlation at baseline between curiosity and both constructs; growth in curiosity was also positively correlated with growth in social analysis and societal involvement.
Quantum coherences reveal excited-state dynamics in biophysical systems

Ultrafast, multi-dimensional spectroscopic measurements of photosynthetic light-harvesting complexes have revealed quantum coherences with timescales comparable to those of energy-transfer processes. These observations have led to a debate regarding the states that give rise to the coherences and whether the presence of the coherences has implications for photosynthetic light harvesting. In these experiments, laser pulses create a coherent superposition of quantum states with a defined phase relationship across an ensemble, which gives rise to the quantum coherence and associated quantum beating signal. Dephasing of these quantum coherences, seen as a decay of the beating signal, is among the most sensitive probes of the interactions between a system and its surrounding environment. In this Review, we discuss the proposed origin and assignment of the observed quantum coherences in photosynthetic systems as electronic, vibronic or vibrational. We describe the latest experimental efforts towards unravelling the nature of the coherences, in particular ultrafast, two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy, as well as the accompanying theoretical and computational results. We discuss how measuring coherences can inform us about the excited-state dynamics of biophysical and chemical systems relevant to natural light harvesting and how these measurements reveal electronic structure beyond that captured by simplistic models. Femtosecond spectroscopy of photosynthetic systems reveals long-lived quantum coherences. This Review focuses on efforts to understand the microscopic origins of these signals and discusses how such coherences may be exploited to probe design principles of photosynthetic light harvesting.
Sphingosine-1-Phosphate induced tumor growth and metastatic potential in multiple myeloma is mitigated with an anti-S1P mAb (Sphingomab™)

3034 Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is the bioactive signaling product of a novel oncogene, sphingosine kinase, which is up-regulated in a variety of solid tumor types. S1P regulates solid tumor proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. We have developed a high affinity and specific monoclonal anti-S1P antibody (anti-S1P mAb, rmSphingomab™) to selectively adsorb extracellular S1P, thus lowering its effective concentration and depriving the S1P specific GPCRs of their tumorigenic ligand. While Sphingomab™ has shown to be efficacious in a variety of animal models of human solid tumors, its efficacy has not been demonstrated in any liquid tumor models. We report for the first time that the extracellular sphingolipid signaling molecule, S1P, plays a pivotal role in B cell type multiple myeloma (MM) growth while effecting important interactions between B cells and bone marrow-derived stromal cells, effects which are mitigated with Sphingomab™. We demonstrate the ability of S1P to increase detachment of RPMI8226, U266 and U937 MM cells from stromal cells as well as the associated enhanced cellular migration, all of which are reversed by Sphingomab™. Cell line-specific S1P receptor profiling using real time, quantitative PCR allowed us to predict which MM cells were S1P-dependent and, correspondingly, responsive to Sphingomab™. An in vivo model using S1P-dependent human MM cells has been developed to confirm the tumorigenic role of S1P and the ability of Sphingomab™ to delay the progression of disease. Taken together, this study not only establishes S1P as a pleiotropic tumor promoter in multiple myeloma, but suggests that Sphingomab™ may be clinically useful in reducing disease progression by neutralizing the proliferative, metastatic and angiogenic effects of S1P. Thus, Sphingomab™ may represent a novel and innovative approach to the treatment of hematological cancers. This work is supported by the National Institutes of Health R43 CA110298-01 to ALC and RAS, PO1 CA64602
The Influence of pH on Cadmium Accumulation in Seedlings of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

The growth, development, and quality of rice are inhibited by the presence of cadmium (Cd) in the soil, the uptake of which depends strongly on the pH of the growth medium. Here, a hydroponics-based experiment was conducted to characterize the relationship between Cd accumulation and the pH of the medium in seedlings of the two cultivars, Zhonjiazao17 (ZJZ17) and Xiangzhengyu (XZY). The uptakes of Cd by the roots of both cultivars and its translocation to the shoots were the highest from a medium of pH 6.0. XZY plants accumulated more Cd than ZJZ17 ones. Transcription profiling indicated that the genes, OsNRAMP1 and OsHMA2, were actively involved in Cd uptake and transport, as they were both strongly upregulated at pH 6.0. Both the Cd concentration of the medium and its pH exerted significant effects on the seedling growth. At pH 6.0, zinc was efficiently transported, but the translocation of iron was suppressed in shoot. The genes, OsZIP5 and OsYSL15, are the most likely responsible for the uptake and translocation of both these elements in rice seedlings.
Fibra alimentaria y enfermedades crónicas

La fibra alimentaria tiene muchos efectos positivos en la salud. Esta publicacion describe las relaciones entre la fibra alimentaria y la prevencion y el tratamiento de enfermedades cronicas. This new 2-page publication of the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department is a Spanish translation of FSHN18-11/FS314, Dietary Fiber and Chronic Disease. Written by Wendy Dahl and translated by Daniela Rivero Mendoza. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs322
Effects of Tethered Polymers on Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Unentangled Polymer Melts.

Polymer-tethered nanoparticles (NPs) are commonly added to a polymer matrix to improve the material properties. Critical to the fabrication and processing of such composites is the mobility of the ...
Reading the Book of Job and Camus's La Peste during COVID-19

The pandemic crisis that is COVID-19 has caused unprecedented suffering throughout the world. At such a time, the religious person can legitimately ask why God allows this and how one’s faith might wrestle with such tragedy. In my search of the Scriptures to respond to these questions, I find the Book of Job to be a fruitful dialogue partner—be it in the way it urges one to consider aspects of suffering that are not apparent or in how it resists attempts at oversimplifying God’s character. In this essay, I compare the Book of Job with Albert Camus’s novel La Peste, the latter being set during an epidemic. I argue that both literary works provide space for a theological voice to recognize and articulate suffering in terms of divine justice; both works also enable one to resist any concrete framework for explaining suffering. I then suggest that La Peste complements one’s reading of Job as Scripture by highlighting both the importance of active response to suffering as well as the relational dimension of suffering in the world, which should prove to be helpful in this time of crisis and beyond.
Geometry of natural and engineered tidal inlets

Abstract Tidal inlets are crucial landforms that control the exchange of water and sediment between the open sea and back-barrier basins. Despite the well-established relationship between tidal prism and inlet cross section area, some aspects of tidal inlet geometry remain unconstrained. What processes set their width to depth ratio (or aspect ratio)? What controls the presence of a single-thread versus a compound channel within the same inlet? Do these relationships change with engineering activities? These questions were investigated by compiling and analyzing a database with 226 inlets worldwide. We found that the aspect ratio has a weak dependency on tidal range and wave height. The aspect ratio varies by at least an order of magnitude, and this variability is likely associated with the variability in the widening process, e.g., the bank erodibility. Engineered inlets tend to have smaller widths and aspect ratios than natural inlets. Within natural inlets, multiple channels tend to form when the inlet width exceeds approximately 1 km. We developed an idealized barrier-inlet system using the detailed 2D hydro-morphodynamic model Delft3D to investigate the long-term morphological evolution of inlets. Two parameters greatly affect the aspect ratio: the transverse bed gradient factor for sediment transport (αbn) and the dry cell erosion factor (θsd), which allows for erosion of dry cells adjacent to a wet cell. Removing the dry cell erosion effectively “armors” the side of the inlets and thus produces inlets with a small aspect ratio, which resembles the geometry of engineered inlets. From model sensitivity analysis, we found that αbn = 5–10 and θsd = 0.3–1.0 provides inlet configurations that best agree with observations. Despite the dry cell erosion and the transverse transport parameters being a simplified representation of bank erosion processes, their calibration allows to reproduce realistic inlet aspect ratio.
A 1Tb 4b/Cell 144-Tier Floating-Gate 3D-NAND Flash Memory with 40MB/s Program Throughput and 13.8Gb/mm 2 Bit Density

Continued improvement in the 3D NAND bit density is essential to satisfy the exponentially growing demand for data storage. The transition from 3b/cell (TLC) to 4b/cell (QLC) is a significant step towards delivering higher bit density. The increased program/erase (P/E) window, in 3D NAND technology, combined with improved program algorithms to alleviate interference from neighboring WL cells, has led to the successful deployment of two generations of QLC floating gate (FG) 3D NAND technology [1]. Further improvement in bit density, as well as the read and write performance will accelerate the adoption rate of QLC NAND into data-storage systems.
Platelet-rich plasma versus corticosteroid injection for the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: A systematic review of systematic reviews

# Background Lateral epicondylitis (LE) is one of the most commonly reported musculoskeletal disorders in the upper extremity. The mechanism of LE is repetitive motion that causes a strain of the extensor tendons. This consequently causes pain and tendinosis at the tendinous attachment site on the lateral epicondyle. Most cases of LE are treated nonoperatively with a variety of interventions, such as injections. # Purpose The aim of this systematic review (SR) is to synthesize the current evidence on the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) injections versus corticosteroid (CS) injections as treatment interventions for LE. # Study Design Systematic Review # Methods Online databases were searched from database inception to February 24th, 2020 for relevant SR’s evaluating PRP vs. CS injections as treatment methods for LE. Two independent researchers searched and screened for articles that were systematic reviews that directly compared PRP to CS injections for LE. # Results A total of five SR’s were included in this review that were published between 2016 and 2020. CS injections were more efficacious for short-term pain relief, and PRP injections were more efficacious for long-term pain relief and improved function. # Conclusion PRP injections appear to be a more effective long-term treatment option than CS injections for those with LE who did not respond to conservative management. # Level of evidence 1
Gsfc Supplier Assessments: Analysis and Approach

• James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) • Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) Mission • Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite-R series (GOES-R) -- Flight and Ground projects • Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission • Landsat Data Continuity Mission (LDCM) • Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) Mission • Radiation Belt Storm Probes (RBSP) Mission • Tracking and Data Relay Satellites (TDRS) • Space Network Ground Segment Sustainment (SGSS) • Joint Polar Satellite System (JPSS)
Teaching of Swimming and Diving to Women

(1934). Teaching of Swimming and Diving to Women. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 44-55.
A new science: The breakdown of connections and the birth of sociology: Bruce Mazlish (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989), 333 pp., $29.95

(1992). A new science: The breakdown of connections and the birth of sociology. History of European Ideas: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 290-292.
Consumer Choice as the Ultimate Goal of Antitrust

The mission of the antitrust laws need to be clarified, and this article asserts that the best way to do this is to interpret and enforce these laws in terms of consumer choice. This reformulation is necessary due to uncertainty and instability that exists in the field. This article will 1. define the consumer choice approach to antitrust or competition law and show how it differs from other approaches; 2. show that the antitrust statutes and theories of violation embody a concern for optimal levels of consumer choice; 3. show that the antitrust case law embodies a concern for optimal levels of consumer choice; 4. present evidence of the new paradigm: United States v. Microsoft; 5. argue that non-price competition should become a higher priority for antitrust enforcement; 5. Discuss consumer choice and the media.
Molecular genetic evaluation of myeloproliferative neoplasms

The classical myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) consist of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and the non-CML MPNs, polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET), and primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Molecular testing plays a crucial role in each of these disease entities. In this review, we discuss the role and caveats of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript evaluation in CML diagnosis and monitoring, as well as ABL1 kinase mutation testing in the setting of tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance. We also focus on JAK2, MPL, and CALR mutations in PV, ET, and PMF.
Hybrid unsupervised/supervised virtual reality spaces for visualizing gastric and liver cancer databases: an evolutionary computation approach

This paper expands a multi-objective optimization approach to the problem of computing virtual reality spaces for the visual representation of relational structures (e.g. databases), symbolic knowledge and others, in the context of visual data mining and knowledge discovery. Procedures based on evolutionary computation are discussed. In particular, the NSGA-II algorithm is used as a framework for an instance of this methodology; simultaneously minimizing Sammon's error for dissimilarity measures, and mean cross-validation error on a k-nn pattern classifier. The proposed approach is illustrated with two examples from cancer genomics data (e.g. gastric and liver cancer) by constructing virtual reality spaces resulting from multi-objective optimization. Selected solutions along the Pareto front approximation are used as nonlinearly transformed features for new spaces that compromise similarity structure preservation (from an unsupervised perspective) and class separability (from a supervised pattern recognition perspective), simultaneously. The possibility of spanning a range of solutions between these two important goals, is a benefit for the knowledge discovery and data understanding process. The quality of the set of discovered solutions is superior to the ones obtained separately, from the point of view of visual data mining.
Molecular Contributions to Cerebral Cortical Specification

Evidence is accumulating that decisions of cell fate and commitment to specific regional phenotypes in the cerebral cortex occur through cell interactions that likely begin early in development, perhaps in the proliferative zone. We have focused on the development of the limbic cortex in rats, which includes areas involved in both cognitive and autonomic functions and is marked by expression of the limbic system-associated membrane protein. Transplantation studies show that precursor cells are sensitive to environmental cues which can control expression of area-specific phenotypes, including limbic system-associated protein synthesis and connectivity patterns, but early postmitotic neurons faithfully express traits based on their origin in the donor. We have studied this sensitive period of decision making in vitro. Molecules from the epidermal growth factor family influence dramatically the fate of precursor cells, but only in the presence of matrix molecules. In vivo, both the epidermal growth factor receptor and collagen type IV are expressed in the progenitor cell pool indicating that they can directly affect the initial decisions in differentiation. We suggest that early patterns of gene expression, influenced by environmental cues, are likely to provide a specific framework for subsequent decisions that lead to establishing cortical areas.
The Earth’s Ring Current: Causes, Generation, and Decay

The development of currents due to arbitrary distributions of trapped particles in the geomagnetic field is described. These currents form the Earth’s ring current and are responsible for world wide decreases of the surface magnetic field observed during magnetic storms. It is shown that we do not yet know the relative abundances of the ions forming the ring current. Because of this we do not understand how various sources mix to produce the ring current. Several possible generation mechanisms are discussed. Finally, the decay of the ring current is discussed and is shown to be due primarily to charge exchange with important secondary effects attributable to wave-particle interactions.
Two-Way Communication between Working Dogs and Their Handlers

The Facilitating Interactions for Dogs with Occupations (FIDO) project in the Animal Interaction Lab at Georgia Tech aims to facilitate communication between working dogs and their handlers. Here, the authors discuss their research on testing a working dog's ability to perform distinct tasks in response to vibrations at different points on their body.
RID: radio interference detection in wireless sensor networks

In wireless sensor networks, many protocols assume that if node A is able to interfere with node B's packet reception, node B is within node A's communication range. It is also assumed that if node B is within node A's communication range, node A is able to interfere with node B's packet reception from any transmitter. While these assumptions may be useful in protocol design, they are not valid, according to the real experiments we conducted in MICA2 platform. For a strong link that has a high packet delivery ratio, the interference range is observed smaller than the communication range, while for a weak link that has a low packet delivery ratio, the interference range is larger than the communication range. So using communication range information alone is not enough to design real collision-free media access control protocols. This paper presents a radio interference detection protocol (RID) and its variation (RID-B) to detect run-time radio interference relations among nodes. The interference detection results are used to design real collision-free TDMA protocols. With extensive simulations in GlomoSim, and with sensor network application scenarios, we observe that the TDMA which uses the interference detection results has 100% packet delivery ratio, while the traditional TDMA has packet loss up to 60%, in heavy load. In addition to the scheduling-based TDMA protocols, we also explore the application of interference detection on contention-based MAC protocols.
Sewing Dynamics: Part I: Measuring Sewing Machine Forces at High Speeds

A measuring system has been developed to capture and analyze forces directly encountered by the needle bar and presser bar from a high speed sewing machine. The forces recorded from the needle bar reflect those encountered by needle penetration and withdrawal. The forces recorded from the presser bar are those transferred by the feed dog as it advances the fabric each sewing cycle. A measuring system known as the ncsu sewing dynamometer is capable of detecting changing sewing parameters, including variations in the material being sewn, increasing plies of fabric, frictional forces on the sewing needle, and the dynamics of the feeding system.
Effect of Sea Ice on the Salinity of Antarctic Bottom Waters

Abstract Brine rejection during the formation of Antarctic sea ice is known to enhance the salinity of dense shelf waters in the Weddell and Ross Seas. As these shelf waters flow off the shelves and descend to the bottom, they entrain ambient deep water to create new bottom water. It is not uncommon for ocean modelers to modify salinity boundary conditions around Antarctica in an attempt to include a “sea ice effect” in their models. However, the degree to which Antarctic salinities are enhanced is usually not quantified or defended. In this paper, studies of shelf hydrography and δ 18O are reviewed to assess the level of salinity enhancement appropriate for ocean general circulation models. The relevant quantities are 1) the salinity difference between the water masses modified on the shelves and the final offshelf flow and 2) the flux of salt (or freshwater) that gives rise to this salinity difference. Onshelf/offshelf salinity changes in the Weddell and Ross Seas appear to be fairly small, 0.15–0.20 sa...
Varieties of Capitalism and Cross-National Gender Differences

The varieties of capitalism (VoC) approach (Hall and Soskice 2001 for an introduction) did not develop as an attempt to explain cross-national gender relations. It was the insight of Estevez-Abe that it could be used in gender analysis (Estevez-Abe this volume). She built on Iversen’s argument that the patterns of business and individual investments in skills implied by VoC could explain complementarities between welfare state regimes and varieties of capitalism (Estevez-Abe et al. 2001; Iversen 2005). These arguments are summarized shortly. This issue of Social Politics shows at least to my reading that VoC offers a range of important insights and tools of comparative analysis; but as Charles points out (this volume) many key characteristics of occupational segregation are common across advanced economies—blue collar work for example is seldom done by women anywhere. VoC is useful then in explaining comparative differences. In this commentary I first sketch out the VoC approach and why it implies that wage determination and skill formation systems differ substantially across economies. Using these two institutional differences the Estevez-Abe argument is set out the links between varieties of capitalism and welfare states are established and a number of implications for cross-national gender differences are drawn. Finally the relation between VoC and political systems are discussed. (excerpt)