cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Risk Perception Training for Novice Drivers: Evaluating Duration of Effects of Training on a Driving Simulator

Younger novice drivers are overrepresented in fatal and nonfatal crashes. A major cause appears to be their failure to scan for information where potential threats may appear. Recent studies have assessed whether personal computer (PC) based training in risk perception helps novice drivers to identify high-risk locations while driving in a simulator. In particular, the Risk Awareness and Perception Training (RAPT) program was designed to teach novice drivers about categories of risky situations normally encountered in driving. RAPT, a PC-based interactive presentation with plan views of roadways demonstrating risky scenarios, provides information about inherent risks in each scenario and indicates areas where attention should go, to detect risks. A previous study showed that RAPT improved scanning behavior by novice drivers in a driving simulator immediately after training. The present study evaluated effects of such a training program an average of 4 days after training. One group of novice drivers was t...
Luminescence Dynamics of Terbium Monodipicolinate in Ethyl Ammonium Nitrate

Energy level dynamics are experimentally examined for terbium monodipicolinate dissolved in ethyl ammonium nitrate (EAN). The luminescence lifetime, the luminescence risetime, and the absorption spectrum of terbium monodipicolinate in EAN are measured. The risetime of luminescence in terbium dipicolinate is experimentally shown to be nonzero and measurable. A dynamic model is presented that describes the evolution of terbium dipicolinate luminescence in EAN. The long risetime in the model is caused by a resonance between the 5E6 state in the terbium cation and the lowest triplet state (T1) in the dipicolinate anion. Bacterial endospore components dissolved in EAN are used to check the time resolution of the experimental apparatus. EAN is discussed partly because it is a room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL), which is a class of solvents that may be useful for detecting bacterial endospores in the atmosphere.
Commentary on commentaries

The intent of the four questions furnished at the SRA meeting in Baltimore was to take stock of the excellent new book on risk communication (Arvai and Rivers 2014) in light of progress in the fiel...
Depression and anxiety symptoms moderate the relation between negative reinforcement smoking outcome expectancies and nicotine dependence.

Objective:Smoking reinforcement expectancies—expectations that smoking modulates mood—can be powerful motivators to smoke, resulting in increased nicotine dependence. The impact of smoking reinforcement expectancies on nicotine dependence may be particularly strong in individuals with increased mood or anxiety symptoms because they may be more likely to act on expectancies with smoking behavior in order to offset their affective symptoms. This study examined levels of emotional symptom dimensions as moderators of the relation between positive and negative smoking reinforcement expectancies and nicotine dependence severity in a community sample.Method:In a cross-sectional design, 317 daily cigarette smokers (215 men) completed self-report measures of smoking reinforcement expectancies, mood and anxiety symptoms, and nicotine dependence.Results:Increasing levels of negative affect and anxiety symptoms strengthened associations between negative reinforcement smoking expectancies and nicotine dependence sever...
State-of-the-Art Observations and Modeling of Stellar Flares

Flares are observed on a wide variety of stellar types, ranging from closely orbiting binary systems consisting of an evolved member (RS CVn's) and young, nearby super-active M dwarfs (dMe's). The timescales and energies of flares span many orders of magnitude and typically far exceed the scales of even the largest solar flares observed. In particular, the active M dwarfs produce an energetic signature in the near-UV and optical continuum, which is often referred to as the white-light continuum. White-light emission has been studied in Johnson UBVR filters during a few large-amplitude flares, and the best emission mechanism that fits the broadband color distribution is a T~104 K blackbody (Hawley & Fisher 1992). Time-resolved blue spectra have revealed a consistent picture, with little or no Balmer jump and a smoothly rising continuum toward the near-UV (Hawley & Pettersen 1991). However, the most recent self-consistent radiative-hydrodynamic (RHD) models, which use a solar-type flare heating function from accelerated, nonthermal electrons, do not reproduce this emission spectrum. Instead, these models predict that the white-light is dominated by Balmer continuum emission from Hydrogen recombination in the chromosphere (Allred et al. 2006). Moreover, Allred et al. (2006) showed that the Johnson colors of the model prediction exhibit a broadband distribution similar to a blackbody with T~9000 K.
A fatty acid elongase ELO with novel activity from Dictyostelium discoideum.

Abstract Fatty acid elongation was examined in the cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum. Profiling of the total fatty acid content of D. discoideum indicated that fatty acid elongation is active. Orthologs of the fatty acid elongase ELO family were identified in the D. discoideum genome and the cDNA for one, eloA, was cloned and functionally characterized by expression in yeast. EloA is a highly active ELO with strict substrate specificity for monounsaturated fatty acids, in particular 16:1Δ9 to produce the unusual 18:1Δ11 fatty acid. This is the first report on fatty acid elongation in a cellular slime mold.
VISUALIZABLE CYLINDRICAL MACROMOLECULES WITH CONTROLLED STIFFNESS FROM BACKBONES CONTAINING LIBRARIES OF SELF-ASSEMBLING DENDRITIC SIDE GROUPS

The synthesis and structural analysis of a library containing 13 taper- and conical-shaped self-assembling dendrons, 16 dendritic monomers, and their corresponding polymers is reported. Fifteen of these polymers exhibit a well-defined cylindrical shape produced by the self-assembly of their dendritic side groups that self-organizes in a hexagonal columnar two-dimensional liquid crystalline lattice. The retrosynthetic analysis of this lattice by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the diameter (60 to 41 A) and the number of repeat units forming the cylinder cross-section (7 to 1.9) of these polymers are determined by the structure of their dendritic side groups. This demonstrates that, in the hexagonal columnar lattice, the conformation (from helical to fully extended) and the stiffness of the polymer backbone penetrating through the center of the cylinder are controlled in a systematic and predictive way by the structure of the side groups. Dynamic and static light-scattering experiments have demonstrated...
Memory and dynamic imaging in a conducting PRIZ

Abstract The conducting PRIZ spatial light modulator, which uses transparent electrodes deposited directly onto the surface of a photorefractive crystal, has information storage times which are a strong function of the incident write-beam energy density. The memory or storage time has been found to be a monotonically decreasing function of the incident write-beam energy density. At low energy densities, the memory time is of the order of 0.5 h. However, at sufficiently high write-beam energy densities, the device acts as a differentiator and exhibits dynamic image selection. The optical output of the device, which depends upon the transverse electro-optic effect, peaks at moderate energy levels.
Characterization of the Solvent Properties of Glycerol Using Inverse Gas Chromatography and Solubility Parameters

The production of glycerol from the synthesis of biodiesel has led to a market surplus of this polyhydric alcohol and additional research to find new applications for this versatile chemical. This study involves the use of inverse gas chromatography (IGC) to characterize the solute–solvent interactions between glycerol and a homologous series of aliphatic alcohols, in which the latter components are at infinite dilution in the glycerol, which is the stationary phase contained in a packed GC column. The IGC experiments were conducted between 51.5 and 111 °C for the n-alcohols ranging from methanol to n-butanol. All of the n-alcohol homologs exhibited positive deviations from Raoult’s law as based on mole fraction activity coefficients values ranging from 1.86 to 14.4. The measured mole fraction activity coefficients of the alcoholic solutes in glycerol showed good agreement with literature values, and in some cases with those predicted using existing theoretical models. The mole fraction activity coefficients increased going from methanol to n-butanol, reflecting the change in the alcohol’s cohesive energy densities relative to that for glycerol. The total solubility parameter of glycerol calculated from IGC data was found to be 34.8 MPa1/2 which is in good agreement with that obtained using Hansen solubility parameter approach (31.6 MPa1/2). This data can be used to characterize the solvent properties of glycerol as well as to provide thermodynamic data for the removal of the alcoholic solutes from glycerol.
Endemic Melastomataceae of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia

The 16 species of Melastomataceae restricted to the middle and upper slopes of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia, are listed. Included are seven previously undescribed species:Graffenrieda santamartensis, Miconia insueta, Miconia oreogena, Miconia tricaudata, Huilaea kirkbridei, Kirkbridea tetramera, Kirkbridea pentamera. The newly described genusKirkbridea is placed in the tribe Miconieae.
Exploring Predictors of Student Team Project Performance

In a study of 49 graduate and 172 undergraduate marketing project teams, the average of the individual abilities on the team was found to predict student team performance. Team size had little effect, and gender diversity had no effect on team performance. Among graduate teams, those with a moderate amount of nationality diversity outperformed teams with high or no nationality diversity. The implications of these and other findings for course administration and team assignment are discussed.
Radiotracer Measurements of Sputtered Contamination Incurred during Ion Implantation Processing

Radioactive tracer measurements have been performed in order to establish limits for the degree of sputtered contamination to be expected during implantation processing in stainless steel target chambers. The information collected provides a useful set of working curves for the particular wafer-holding arrangement employed, and is presented in a form that should be convenient for use in the design of other stainless steel target-holder geometries.
Potentiation of 2,6-dinitrotoluene genotoxicity in Fischer-344 rats by pretreatment with Aroclor 1254

Pretreatment of Fischer 344 rats for 5 weeks with Aroclor 1254, a commercial mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls, potentiated the genotoxicity of 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), a component of an industrial chemical used in the production of polyurethane foams. This interaction resulted from Aroclor 1254-mediated bioactivation of DNT to markedly greater levels of the genotoxic metabolites, that were excreted in urine and formed DNA adducts in the liver. A significant increase in the excretion of mutagenic urinary DNT metabolites was observed after the first week of Aroclor 1254 treatment, peaked at week 2 and then declined by nearly 25% at week 4. Nevertheless, by week 5, there was almost a 4-fold increase in the formation of hepatic DNA adducts. Significantly elevated hepatic metabolism and increased beta-glucuronidase in the small intestine and cecum, at 4 weeks, may account for the increased adducts and decreased urinary mutagens. Altered nitroreductase activity, reduced pH, and changes in the microfloral population may also play a role in the effect of Aroclor 1254 on the bioactivation of DNT. Such chemical interactions could be important to predictive risk assessment because the overall cancer risk of the mixture would exceed that determined by the current guidelines for chemical mixtures.
Patent ductus arteriosus: a new light on an old problem.

Summary: It has been suggested previously that delayed closure of the ductus arteriosus in premature infants is related to an ineffective constriction in response to an increase in arterial PO2. The contractile effects of increased PO2 and excess K+ were studied in rings of ductus arteriosus from early (70 ± 4 days, n> = 9) and late (137 ± 3 days, n> = 11) gestation fetal lambs. Studies were performed in a laboratory using overhead fluorescent lighting or in a dark, enclosed box. Room light relaxed the oxygen-induced contraction in immature vessels but had no significant effect on the K+-induced contraction. Room light did not alter either the oxygen or K+-induced contractile responses in mature vessels. When comparing oxygen induced contractions in room light in immature vessels (0.27 ± 0.13 g, n> =9) vs. mature vessels (0.82 ± 0.06 g, n> = 11) there appeared to be an increased response to oxygen with advancing gestational age. However, when the oxygen-induced responses of immature (0.59 ± 0.15 g, n> = 9) and mature (0.82 ± 0.06 g, n> = 11) vessels were performed in an environment excluding room light, no significant gestational difference was observed. The role of oxygen in delayed closure of the ductus arteriosus of premature infants will need further evaluation. Speculation: The difference in sensitivity to photorelaxation between rings of ductus arteriosus from immature and mature lambs may be associated with biochemical differences in vessels between early and late gestation.
Characters of Maximal Subgroups ofM-Groups

In this paper, we will prove some results about the structure of M-groups. We want to study the degrees of primitive characters of subgroups of M-groups. Since the subgroups of M-groups need not themselves be M-groups, we know that the primitive characters of the subgroup need not be linear, and so, we want to study the relationship between the degrees of the primitive characters and the index of the subgroups. This line of study w x is motivated by Theorem B of 20 , where G. Navarro proved that if G is an M-group and H is a subgroup with p-index for some set of primes p , then every primitive character of H has p-degree. In this paper, we will be able to get a stronger relationship between the degrees of primitive characters and the indices of subgroups of M-groups. The result of Navarro led us to conjecture that if G is an M-group and H is any subgroup, then the degrees of all the primitive irreducible characters in H must divide the index of H in G. However, almost immediately after making this conjecture, we noticed that the group that w x Dade constructed in 1 is a counterexample to this conjecture. This example relies heavily on the properties of the prime 2, and so we decided to check the validity of the conjecture when we make an additional oddness assumption. When the group has a maximal subgroup of odd index, we have discovered the following result.
Interaction between the Human Cytomegalovirus UL82 Gene Product (pp71) and hDaxx Regulates Immediate-Early Gene Expression and Viral Replication

The human cytomegalovirus UL82-encoded pp71 protein is required for efficient virus replication and immediate-early gene expression when cells are infected at a low multiplicity. Functions attributed to pp71 include the ability to enhance the infectivity of viral DNA, bind to and target hypophosphorylated Rb family member proteins for degradation, drive quiescent cells into the cell cycle, and bind to the cellular protein hDaxx. Using UL82 mutant viruses, we demonstrate that the LXCXD motif within pp71 is not necessary for efficient virus replication in fibroblasts, suggesting that pp71's ability to degrade hypophosphorylated Rb family members and induce quiescent cells into the cell cycle is not responsible for the growth defect associated with a UL82 deletion mutant. However, UL82 mutants that cannot bind to hDaxx are unable to induce immediate-early gene expression and are severely attenuated for viral replication. These results indicate that the interaction between the human cytomegalovirus UL82 gene product (pp71) and hDaxx regulates immediate-early gene expression and viral replication.
Policy Implications of the Biological Model of Mental Disorder

The current dominant paradigm of mental disorder is that psychopathology is a deviation from normal physiological functioning of the brain. This paradigm is closely allied to the identity theory of mind in philosophy, which holds that mental phenomena are identical with the physical state of the brain. The assumptions of the biological model have policy implications, regardless of the utility or ‘truth’ of the paradigm, which should be made explicit for the assessment of ethics in mental health policy formulation. The nature of mental phenomena has been debated throughout history, without consensus. Several critiques of the biological model are offered to encourage enquiring scepticism. The policy implications discussed are political conservatism, broadened rationales for forced treatment, utility in managed care, and the use of medical necessity criteria to allocate treatment.
Prolyl 4‐hydroxylase in the foot of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis L.: Purification and characterization

The mussel foot secretes a variety of unusual hydroxyproline-containing collagenous and noncollagenous proteins. Prolyl 4-hydroxylase acting on one or more of the secreted proteins was isolated from the foot by using conventional gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. Mr of the intact enzyme was 230,000 (alpha 2 beta 2) composed of two subunits with Mr of 60,000 (alpha) and 57,000 (beta) as estimated by HPLC gel filtration and SDS-PAGE. The enzyme utilized (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 as a substrate with an apparent Km value of 0.17 mM. Cofactors and inhibitors were very similar to animal, plant, and microbial prolyl hydroxylases previously described. The enzyme had a relatively sharp pH optimum in the range of 7.8-8.3 and the hydroxyproline formed increased in proportion to the rise in the temperature between 5 and 20 degrees C. No detectable hydroxylation occurred with poly-L-proline or the unhydroxylated decapeptide analog (Ala-Lys-Pro-Ser-Tyr-Pro-Pro-Thr-Tyr-Lys) of the polyphenolic protein. Kinetic studies, however, revealed that the mussel prolyl 4-hydroxylase was competitively inhibited by poly-L-proline and uncompetitively inhibited by the decapeptide. These results suggest that the decapeptide binds the enzyme-substrate i.e. (Pro-Pro-Gly)10 complex. It is not yet clear whether this enzyme acts exclusively on collagenous substrates or whether its catalytic purview extends as well to the polyphenolic protein.
The influence of compositional and structural diversity on forest productivity

Summary Data from ~ 1500 ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson) stands in the western United States were used to examine the potential infl uence of compositional and structural diversity on forest productivity. Relative density, height and site quality were combined in a conceptually sound expression of the relationship between growth and growing stock for ponderosa pine-dominated stands of relatively simple structure. Predictions from this model were compared with productivity of more compositionally and structurally diverse stands. Our results are consistent with the common observation in forest production ecology that stand growth is not strongly infl uenced by either compositional or structural diversity.
Lysophosphatidic acid induces lymphangiogenesis and IL-8 production in vitro in human lymphatic endothelial cells

The bioactive phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its receptors LPA1-3 are aberrantly expressed in many types of human cancer. LPA has been reported to induce tumor cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine production. However, whether LPA exerts an effect on lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) or on lymphangiogenesis, a process of new lymphatic vessel formation that is associated with increased metastasis and poor prognosis in cancer patients, has been unknown. Here, we show that LPA induces cell proliferation, survival, migration, and tube formation, and promotes lymphangiogenesis in vitro in human dermal LECs. In addition, LPA induces IL-8 expression by enhancing IL-8 promoter activity via activation of the NF-κB pathway in LECs. Using IL-8 siRNA and IL-8 neutralizing antibody, we revealed that IL-8 plays an important role in LPA-induced lymphangiogenesis in vitro. Moreover, using siRNA inhibition, we discovered that LPA-induced lymphangiogenesis in vitro and IL-8 production are mediated via the LPA2 receptor in LECs. Finally, using human sentinel afferent lymphatic vessel explants, we demonstrated that LPA up-regulates IL-8 production in the LECs of lymphatic endothelia. These studies provide the first evidence that LPA promotes lymphangiogenesis and induces IL-8 production in LECs; we also reveal a possible new role of LPA in the promotion of tumor progression, as well as metastasis, in different cancer types.
Peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in sickle-cell hemoglobinopathies using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose To determine whether patients with a sickle-cell hemoglobinopathy without glaucoma have peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Design Prospective study. Methods All patients with a sickle cell hemoglobinopathy (sickle-cell disease, sickle-cell hemoglobin C disease, and sickle-cell thalassemia) and age-similar, race-matched controls underwent a comprehensive eye examination and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography of the macula and optic nerve head using the Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Inc, Carlsbad, California, USA). Participants with prior retinal treatments (laser or surgery), diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, or other ocular diseases were excluded. The sickle-cell disease patients were grouped into those with focal macular thinning and those without. Those with macular thinning were grouped further into mild, moderate, and severe thinning groups based on temporal macular thickness. Analysis of variance testing and post hoc analysis with the Tukey test and Pearson correlation were performed to assess for peripapillary RNFL thickness differences among different groups. Results One hundred fifty-one eyes of 88 sickle-cell patients and 55 eyes of 30 age-similar and race-matched (black) controls were included. Sickle-cell patient eyes with macular thinning (n = 81) had thinner mean peripapillary RNFL thicknesses in the nasal sector ( P = .01) compared with non–sickle-cell control eyes and in the superotemporal sector ( P = .01) compared with sickle-cell patient eyes without macular thinning (n = 70). In the severe macular thinning subgroup (n = 55), the mean peripapillary RNFL thickness was significantly thinner than that of controls ( P P Conclusions Nonglaucomatous, black sickle-cell patients with focal macular thinning on spectral-domain optical coherence tomography have significantly thinner peripapillary RNFL than those without macular thinning or controls. The degree of thinning correlates with severity of temporal macular thinning. These patients may require different peripapillary RNFL thickness thresholds for future glaucoma evaluations.
An 80 MFLOPS floating-point engine in the Intel i860 processor

The i860 processor is a 64-b microprocessor with 1.02 million transistors. It has a 64-b external data bus and a 32-b external address bus. It is fabricated with Intel's CHMOS IV technology (a 1- mu m double-metal process). The die size is approximately 10 mm*15 mm. First silicon is functional over commercial temperature and voltage ranges with an execution speed of 40 MHz. The floating-point engine consists of a pipelined adder and a pipelined multiplier, incorporates a special hardware to support the dual operation instructions, and operates synchronously with the RISC (reduced-instruction-set computer) core to execute up to three operations per clock. Its high performance lends itself well to a numeric-intensive computation environment, including vector processing. >
Analysis of the Influence of Alkyl Polyglycoside Surfactant and Cosolvent Structure on Interfacial Tension in Aqueous Formulations versus n-Octane

We studied the influence of molecular structural elements of alkyl polyglycoside (APG) surfactants on the interfacial tension (IFT) in aqueous formulations against n-octane. This included the analysis of alkyl and aryl chain length, type and number of sugar-ring head, anomers, addition of cosolvents and effect of salt addition. We found that longer alkyl or aryl chains lead to lower IFT, consistent with data recorded for commercial (mixed) APGs. APGs with only one sugar-ring head had lower IFT than their analog maltose derivates (two-ring head). Intriguingly the stereochemistry of the sugar head (i.e. galactose versus glucose) and the type of anomer showed a significant influence on IFT. The n-octyl-alpha-D-glucopyranoside anomer had a lower IFT than the corresponding p-anomer. 1-octanol and 1-hexanol were efficient cosolvents consistent with the datasets observed for commercial APGs. Salt addition reduced IFT. Functional groups (aldehyde, amide-methoxy) integrated into the molecular architecture of the APG skeleton were efficient in terms of significantly reducing IFT, suggesting a strategy for the molecular design of advanced APG surfactants. We discuss the results in the context of the hydrophilic-lipophilic deviation (HLD) concept, which we modified so that IFT values are discussed instead of phase behavior.
A Thermionic Type Frequency Meter for Use up to 15 kc

A new type of frequency meter is described which is adapted to the measurement of low and intermediate frequencies. The instrument absorbs a negligible amount of power from the circuit being tested, has a linear calibration curve and a sensitivity of about eight microamperes for one per cent change in frequency. An experimental model is described in detail. The input to this model is between five and ten volts. Other models may require different inputs.
The Problem of Ineffability in Dewey's Theory of Inquiry

A Deweyan inquiry begins with an indeterminate situation and terminates, when successful, with a determinate situation, both of which Dewey holds to be unique and therefore ineffable. This ineffability requirement has the disastrous consequences that Dewey's beloved collective inquiry is impossible and that there are no objective criteria for the success of inquiry. It is found that Dewey's ineffability requirement results from his misbegotten attempt to aestheticize inquiry so that it is an act of artistic creation. It is suggested that things would go better if he dropped the ineffability requirement.
Use of an inducible site-specific recombinase to probe the structure of protein-DNA complexes involved in F plasmid partition in Escherichia coli.

The induced expression of a tightly regulated site-specific recombinase is shown to efficiently form intracellular DNA rings of well-defined nucleotide sequences in Escherichia coli. To provide information on the organization of an intracellular protein-DNA complex, the linking number distribution of excised DNA rings containing cognate binding sites for the protein can be measured after their isolation. Application of this approach to the partition system of the E. coli F plasmid suggests that the SopB protein and the sopC locus, the latter being composed of 12 tandemly joined imperfect repeats of a 43 base-pair motif, form a complex in which the DNA is wrapped right-handedly around a multimeric protein core; the presence of a single copy of a 43 base-pair motif on a DNA appears to be sufficient to nucleate the formation of this nucleoprotein complex.
Consistency of hemodynamic responses to cold stress in adolescents

Abstract —Laboratory research on hypertension often is performed with cold stress to elicit vasoconstriction and increases in blood pressure. Several studies have shown that cardiovascular responses to the cold pressor test predict the development of hypertension. We extended this research by comparing cardiovascular responses to a traditional forehead cold pressor test and a naturalistic whole-body cold exposure. We evaluated blood pressure and impedance cardiographic measures of cardiac output and total peripheral resistance in healthy black (n=69) and white (n=47) adolescents (mean age, 14.7 years) during forehead cold pressor (3°C to 4°C) and passive whole-body exposure to a cold chamber (8°C to 10°C). Both tasks elicited increases in vascular resistance and blood pressure, but forehead cold elicited an increase in cardiac output, whereas whole-body cold elicited a decrease in cardiac output ( P P r >0.30) but not in female subjects ( r
A Log-Space Algorithm for Reachability in Planar Acyclic Digraphs with Few Sources

Designing algorithms that use logarithmic space for graph reachability problems is fundamental to complexity theory. It is well known that for general directed graphs this problem is equivalent to the NL vs L problem. This paper focuses on the reachability problem over planar graphs where the complexity is unknown. Showing that the planar reachability problem is NL-complete would show that nondeterministic log-space computations can be made unambiguous. On the other hand, very little is known about classes of planar graphs that admit log-space algorithms. We present a new ‘source-based’ structural decomposition method for planar DAGs. Based on this decomposition, we show that reachability for planar DAGs with m sources can be decided deterministically in O(m+log n) space. This leads to a log-space algorithm for reachability in planar DAGs with O(log n) sources. Our result drastically improves the class of planar graphs for which we know how to decide reachability in deterministic log-space. Specifically, the class extends from planar DAGs with at most two sources to at most O(log n) sources.
Diagnostic Criteria for ADHD: Impact of the DSM-5 Criteria on Prevalence of ADHD

Investigators at the National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, compared the prevalence and clinical correlates of DSM-IV-TR versus DSM-5-defined ADHD and subtypes in a nationally representative sample of US youth based on age-of-onset criterion.
METABOLIC AND DIGESTIVE RESPONSES TO ARTIFICIAL SELECTION IN CHICKENS.

Compared to ancestral wild jungle fowl, domestic broiler chickens have been consciously selected for large body size, relatively large pectoral muscles, rapid growth, and high feed efficiency. Hence intraspecific comparisons of these two strains could help identify consequences of unconscious artificial selection, trade-offs in energy allocation, and factors limiting energy budgets. We therefore compared our measurements of many corresponding parameters in both strains: growth rate, energy intake, digestive efficiency, metabolic rate and its components, organ masses, and intestinal brush-border nutrient transporter and hydrolase activities and capacities, as functions of age and body mass in zero- to nine-week-old chicks. Both strains prove to have the same digestive efficiency. Compared to equal-sized jungle fowl, broilers have higher daily energy intake and activity costs. Broilers have relatively longer and wider, hence heavier, small intestines, and their other gut compartments are also relatively larger. Offsetting these increases, broilers have relatively smaller brains and leg bones, these being much less important to a captive bird than to a wild bird exposed to predators. Broilers have generally lower intestinal transporter activities, but relatively higher transporter capacities because of their larger guts. Among domestic chicken strains, comparison of broilers with layers, the former having been consciously selected for much higher growth rates, yields generally similar conclusions. Thus, as recognized in broad outline by Darwin, domestication provides clear examples of conscious selection, of unconscious selection for traits prerequisite to the consciously selected traits, and of unconscious selection against traits rendered less important or competing for space or energy.
Exploring a need for improved preclinical models of post-stroke depression

Depression is one of the most common neuropsychiatric disorders associated with stroke. One in three patients who suffer from a stroke, report having depression-like symptoms. The mean prevalence for major and minor depression amongst stroke in patients is 21.6% and 20.0% respectively; the mean prevalence for outpatients is 24.0% and 23.9%. Increased severity of post-stroke depression has been associated with increased cognitive impairment and mortality. It is also considered to be one of the strongest correlates of impairment in activities of daily living after stroke. Whether the severity of depression impacts the degree of impairment, or vice versa, is not yet fully understood. Initially, post-stroke depression was thought to be a psychological response to the disability produced by stroke; however, studies in orthopedic patients with similar levels of disability, but a lower prevalence of depression, provide some evidence against such purely psychological explanations of post-stroke depression (Robinson and Spalletta, 2010).
Cincinnati's reading pleasures

References bibliographiques de guides touristiques, de livres de fiction, de livres de beaux-arts, d'histoire, et de litterature et de sport concernant la ville de Cincinnati. Adresses des librairies de cette ville
Three-dimensional electrical resistivity model of the hydrothermal system in Long Valley Caldera, California, from magnetotellurics

Though shallow flow of hydrothermal fluids in Long Valley Caldera, California, has been well studied, neither the hydrothermal source reservoir nor heat source has been well characterized. Here, a grid of magnetotelluric (MT) data were collected around the Long Valley volcanic system and modeled in 3-D. The preferred electrical resistivity model suggests the source reservoir is a narrow east-west elongated body 4 km below the west moat. The heat source could be a zone of 2-5% partial melt 8 km below Deer Mountain. Additionally, a collection of hyper-saline fluids, not connected to the shallow hydrothermal system, is found 3 km below the medial graben, which could originate from a zone of 5-10% partial melt 8 km below the south moat. Below Mammoth Mountain is a 3 km thick isolated body containing fluids and gases originating from an 8 km deep zone of 5-10% basaltic partial melt.
Historians of the Age of Expansion

In retrospect, the years roughly from 950 to 1050 were a Byzantine century, when Byzantium became the greatest power in the Western world and a promising subject for its historians to celebrate. Yet contemporaries often fail to see which advances or setbacks are temporary and which represent lasting change. If today we may be too ready to believe that whatever has just happened will transform the future, the Byzantines, conservative by tradition and used to a far slower pace of change than ours, were more likely to overlook the significance of new events than to exaggerate it. Of course they saw and welcomed their victories over the Arabs and the increasing quiescence of the Bulgarians after 925; but the Arabs and Bulgarians had suffered defeats before yet recovered to attack the empire, and soon they did recover under the Fatimids and the Cometopuli. Certainly the Byzantines realized that their state had become quite strong and prosperous; but it had been quite strong and prosperous for some time, and was nonetheless weaker and poorer than it had been in late antiquity, as all educated Byzantines knew. Only in the later part of the tenth century did many Byzantines begin to see that the empire’s fortunes had taken a decisive turn for the better.
Simulation of the pentose cycle in lactating rat mammary gland.

A computer model representing the pentose cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis in slices of lactating rat mammary glands has been constructed. This model is based primarily on the studies, with radioactive chemicals, of Abraham & Chaikoff (1959) [although some of the discrepant data of Katz & Wals (1972) could be accommodated by changing one enzyme activity]. Data obtained by using [1-14C]-, [6-14C]- and [3,4-14C]-glucose were simulated, as well as data obtained by using unlabelled glucose (for which some new experimental data are presented). Much past work on the pentose cycle has been mainly concerned with the division of glucose flow between the pentose cycle and glycolysis, and has relied on the assumption that the system is in steady state (both labelled and unlabelled). This assumption may not apply to lactating rat mammary glands, since the model shows that the percentage flow through the shunt progressively decreased for the first 2h of a 3h experiment, and we were unable to construct a completely steady-state model. The model allows examination of many quantitative features of the system, especially the amount of material passing through key enzymes, some of which appear to be regulated by NADP+ concentrations as proposed by McLean (1960). Supplementary information for this paper has been deposited as Supplementary Publication SUP 50023 at the British Museum (Lending Division) (formerly the National Lending Library for Science and Technology), Boston Spa, Yorks. LS23 7BQ, U.K., from whom copies can be obtained on the terms indicated in Biochem. J. (1973) 131, 5.
Mental health leadership and complexity

Leaders in the helping professions need to realise the power that language has to potentially stigmatise; it also has the potential to create positive outcomes for mental health patients. After an examination of language and leadership effectiveness in adapting to the complex perspective of patients, professionals can improve treatment outcomes. The use of language in rephrasing and reframing clinical observations of complex experiences can be understood within the framework of complexity theory. This theory has strengthened positive outcomes in other relevant areas including economics and organisational studies. Complex adaptive systems have the potential to self-organise and adapt which makes it crucial in the undertaking of theorising for mental health leadership. Many benefits in the care of mental health consumers would best come from adaptation and self-organising principles.
Three-dimensional modeling of Eagle syndrome

A 63-year-old man presented with transient episodes of left-hand weakness and right-eye vision loss following a lengthy airplane trip. The patient had reported right neck pain after sleeping awkwardly on the flight. Carotid dissection, paradoxical embolism, atherosclerotic occlusion, and thrombotic occlusion were considered possible etiologies of the associated carotid occlusion. Following a period of anticoagulation, a subsequent CT angiography (figure 1, A–C) revealed findings consistent with the styloid-carotid artery, or Eagle, syndrome.1 A 3-dimensional model was subsequently created (figure 2, A and B) utilizing a 3D printer, which provided the most versatile, safe, and cost-efficient option2 to visualize the patient's unique anatomy and plan for surgical intervention. Acknowledgment: The authors thank Eric Myers of the Henry Ford Innovation Institute for rendering of the 3D model.
Perspectives on induced abortion among Palestinian women: religion, culture and access in the occupied Palestinian territories.

AbstractInduced abortion is an important public health issue in the occupied Palestinian territories (OPT), where it is illegal in most cases. This study was designed to elicit the views of Palestinian women on induced abortion given the unique religious, ethical and social challenges in the OPT. Sixty Palestinian women were interviewed on their perceptions of the religious implications, social consequences and accessibility of induced abortions in the OPT at Al-Makassed Islamic Charitable Hospital in East Jerusalem. Themes arising from the interviews included: the centrality of religion in affecting women’s choices and views on abortion; the importance of community norms in regulating perspectives on elective abortion; and the impact of the unique medico-legal situation of the OPT on access to abortion under occupation. Limitations to safe abortion access included: legal restrictions; significant social consequences from the discovery of an abortion by one’s community or family; and different levels of a...
Studying Victim Caches in GPUs

Today Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) are being used for more than traditional graphics processing. Large super computers such as Titan are utilizing GPUs to solve problems that have little resemblance to their original purpose. To improve the performance of these applications, GPU architects are increasing cache sizes to lower latencies of non-uniform memory references found in these programs. In this paper, we investigate an alternative approach where a victim buffer is added to the first level cache. Our studies show that a 256-line victim cache can increase L1 hit rate by 15% and improve IPC by 7.5% over the baseline. This victim cache outperforms increasing the cache size by 400% while being a less costly solution in terms of area.
A Comparative Approach to Housing Problems

A journey from afar, separation from family, friends, and familiarity propels the international student into university life in the “land of opportunity.” I, like others before and after me, arrived in the United States more than two decades ago with a singular goal — to obtain a good education. During my education at several US universities my intense interest in comparative issues compelled me to enroll in courses with comparative approaches (such as comparative economic systems, comparative politics, etc.) and those which were basically cross-disciplinary (such as economic geography, political sociology, etc.). Disciplines of economics, political science, and urban studies, within which I received my degrees, did not fully satisfy my personal educational aspirations toward a universal understanding of the issues of development and underdevelopment. I tailored my program of studies accordingly. I realized later that in my effort to accommodate my own internationally oriented personal curriculum, vis-a-vis interdisciplinary academic shopping, I was not alone. Many international students, and some American students as well, have done the same.
A Project-Driven Second Course

I trace the development of a new course in modern data analysis involving a wide spectrum of statistical techniques. Because the course is based entirely on case studies, real-data settings, and student projects and is computer-intensive, a series of challenges facing many instructors are addressed. In a single semester, students explore data using tools from EDA, multiple regression, analysis of variance, time series analysis, and categorical data analysis. The focus is on understanding and forecasting in a variety of data settings, learning how to summarize relationships and measure how well these relationships fit data, and how to make meaningful statistical inferences when the usual assumptions do not hold. The course emphasizes what the statistical process is all about: how to conduct studies, what the results mean, and what can be inferred about the whole from pieces of evidence.
Text Retrieval Conference and Message Understanding Conference

The Text Retrieval Conferences (TRECs) and the Message Understanding Conferences (MUCs) constitute two critical evaluation efforts in natural language understanding that in large part shaped the research program in these areas during the 1990s. The TREC work has concentrated on the specific area of information retrieval, including the basic retrieval task of finding documents in response to a question, but also many variations on this central theme. The MUC tests have targeted information extraction, in particular how to find and aggregate specific information on entities such as persons, locations, and organizations, and the relationships between such entities.
Precision care for Barrett's esophagus.

Modern recognition and management of Barrett’s esophagus, a precursor to esophageal adenocarcinoma depends on diagnostic accuracy, risk assessment, technical expertise and consideration of many options to best tailor therapy for every patient. Concomitant management of acid reflux is essential, frequently with proton pump inhibitors. Ablation and resection favorably affect the evolution towards cancer. Using precision medicine tools, such as imaging, molecular diagnostics and analytics may lead to cost- and comparatively-effective therapies ultimately aiming at cancer prevention. Knowledge of the risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus and progression to dysplasia and cancer can help tailor a precision medicine approach with more aggressive screening and surveillance targeted at patients that are most likely to benefit.
Socratic Dialogical Responsibility

Plato’s Socrates embodies a radically different understanding of responsibility. Responsibility is a way of life rooted in an acceptance that we lack scientific, technical knowledge of the good life, virtues and vices. Life here means engaging oneself and others in ongoing discussions about ethical matters. Why, though, is such a life desirable? Is dialogical responsibility so individualistic that it cannot apply to collective entities such as corporations? If we all lack technical knowledge of ethical matters, must we embrace ethical relativism? Is every dialogue or discussion a responsible one? Are there any conditions that these discussions must meet?
Spoofing Attack Detection in Mm-Wave and Massive MIMO 5G Communication

Wireless communications are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, where the attacker attempts to intercept a legitimate communication by injecting forged messages with a fake identity. Channel-based physical-layer detection is a promising strategy to curb this physical-layer threat. In this paper, we propose to exploit the unique characteristics of virtual channels to achieve efficient channel-based detection in millimeter-wave (mmWave)and massive MIMO 5G communications. By harnessing the sparseness and statistic features of mmWave and massive MIMO virtual channel, we present a simple but effective detection to counter the spoofing attacks in 5G communications. Simulation results show that the detection rate under the virtual channel is greatly improved compared to the detection scheme under the conventional channel.
Exploring the impact of brand selfie on brand attitude in the Twittersphere

This paper explores the impact of brand selfie on brand attitude in the Twittersphere. Specifically, the authors examine how brand attitude is influenced by four characteristics of brand selfies: physical attractiveness, emotion, product experience and social influence. The authors used a mixed-methods approach. First, a qualitative study was conducted to identify selfie characteristics that can potentially affect brand attitude. Second, in a quantitative study, multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the empirical impacts of the four selfie characteristics identified in study one. The findings provide insights into the way brand selfies are used in advertising and promotion on social media.