cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Patient-Centered Medical Homes on Quality of Care and Medication Adherence in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

BACKGROUND: Current evidence suggests that patient-centered medical homes (PCMHs) potentially increase overall quality of disease management, including preventive care. However, there are mixed findings regarding quality of diabetes care, and little evidence exists with respect to the effect of PCMHs on medication adherence in patients with diabetes. OBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between PCMHs and process measures of diabetes care, as well as adherence to oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs) in patients with diabetes in a nationally representative U.S. sample. METHODS: Using the 2009-2013 longitudinal data files from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, adult diabetes patients were identified. Patients whose usual sources of care have all PCMH features at baseline (i.e., enhanced access after hours and online, shared decision making, and enhanced patient engagement) were categorized as the PCMH group, which was compared with patients without PCMH features. Process measures of diabetes care included ≥...
Materials Development for High Efficiency Superconducting Nanowire Single-Photon Detectors

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) based on ultra-thin films have become the preferred technology for applications that require high efficiency single-photon detectors with high speed, high timing resolution, and low dark count rates at near-infrared wavelengths. Since demonstration of the first SNSPD using NbN thin films, an increasingly larger number of materials are being explored. We investigate amorphous thin film alloys of MoSi, MoGe, and WRe with the goal of optimizing SNSPDs for higher operating temperature, high efficiency and high speed. To explore material adequacy for SNSPDs, we have measured superconducting transition temperature (T c) as a function of film thickness and sheet resistance, as well as critical current densities. In this paper we present our results comparing these materials to WSi, another amorphous material widely used for SNSPD devices.
Population Diversity and Collective Interactions during Influenza Virus Infection.

ABSTRACT Influenza A virus (IAV) continues to pose an enormous and unpredictable global public health threat, largely due to the continual evolution of escape from preexisting immunity and the potential for zoonotic emergence. Understanding how the unique genetic makeup and structure of IAV populations influences their transmission and evolution is essential for developing more-effective vaccines, therapeutics, and surveillance capabilities. Owing to their mutation-prone replicase and unique genome organization, IAV populations exhibit enormous amounts of diversity both in terms of sequence and functional gene content. Here, I review what is currently known about the genetic and genomic diversity present within IAV populations and how this diversity may shape the replicative and evolutionary dynamics of these viruses.
School Girl (Paul Gerber, 1971)

School Girl (1971), like most other early hardcore features, has been overshadowed by the notoriety of Deep Throat (1972). This article argues that School Girl deserves a significant place in the c...
Development of Water Quality Models

Passage of the Safe Drinking Water Act in 1974 and its Amendments in 1986 (SDWAA) is changing the way water is treated and delivered in the United States. Under the SDWAA the U.S. EPA is required to regulate chemical contaminants and pathogenic microorganisms in drinking water. Emphasis has shifted from a primary concern with treated drinking water to attainment of standards at the point of consumption. Two regulations promulgated under the SDWAA, the Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) and the Total Coliform Rule (TCR) specify treatment and monitoring requirements that must be met by all public water suppliers. The SWTR requires that a detectable disinfectant residual be maintained at representative locations in the distribution system to provide protection from microbial contamination. The TCR regulates coliform bacteria which are used as “surrogate” organisms to indicate whether or not system contamination is occurring. Monitoring for compliance with the Lead and Copper Rule is based entirely on samples taken at the consumers’ tap. The current standard for trihalomethanes (THMs) is 0.1 mg/L for systems serving more than 10,000 people but the anticipated Disinfectants and Disinfection By-Products (D-DBP) Rule may impose the current (or a reduced) THM level on all systems. This regulation also requires monitoring and compliance at selected monitoring points in the distribution system. Some of the regulations promulgated under the SDWAA may, however, provide contradictory guidance. For example, the SWTR and TCR recommend the use of chlorine to minimize risk from microbiological contamination. However, chlorine or other disinfectants interact with natural organic matter in treated water to form disinfection by-products. Raising the pH of treated water will assist in controlling corrosion but will increase the formation of trihalomethanes.
Group Cohomology and Hecke Operators

Consider the Taylor expansion of the infinite product: $$t_{n \ge 1}^\pi {(1 - {t^n})^2}{(1 - {t^{11n}})^2} = \sum\limits_{n \ge 1} {{a_n}{t^n}}$$ .
Stale seedbed technique for weed control negatively impacts the indigenous AM fungal population

Among weed control tools available to organic farmers are a variety of stale seedbed techniques. Stale seedbed methods create a surface layer of soil depleted in viable weed seeds through repetitiv...
Long distance ion–water interactions in aqueous sulfate nanodrops persist to ambient temperatures in the upper atmosphere

The effect of temperature on the patterning of water molecules located remotely from a single SO42- ion in aqueous nanodrops was investigated for nanodrops containing between 30 and 55 water molecules using instrument temperatures between 135 and 360 K. Magic number clusters with 24, 36 and 39 water molecules persist at all temperatures. Infrared photodissociation spectroscopy between 3000 and 3800 cm-1 was used to measure the appearance of water molecules that have a free O-H stretch at the nanodroplet surface and to infer information about the hydrogen bonding network of water in the nanodroplet. These data suggest that the hydrogen bonding network of water in nanodrops with 45 water molecules is highly ordered at 135 K and gradually becomes more amorphous with increasing temperature. An SO42- dianion clearly affects the hydrogen bonding network of water to at least ∼0.71 nm at 135 K and ∼0.60 nm at 340 K, consistent with an entropic drive for reorientation of water molecules at the surface of warmer nanodrops. These distances represent remote interactions into at least a second solvation shell even with elevated instrumental temperatures. The results herein provide new insight into the extent to which ions can structurally perturb water molecules even at temperatures relevant to Earth's atmosphere, where remote interactions may assist in nucleation and propagation of nascent aerosols.
The Energized Movement of Ions and Water by Chloroplasts

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the energized movement of ions and water by chloroplasts. Chloroplasts isolated from a wide variety of species by a variety of methods have been used in the studies on ion movement and conformational changes. For the most part such chloroplasts have lost their outer membranes, together with the soluble enzymes of the matrix surrounding the grana stacks, and consist of naked grana joined by membranous lamellae. The degree of disorganization of these structures varies with factors such as the extent of homogenization, osmolarity of the suspending medium, and age. Flame photometry, isotopic labeling and atomic absorption spectroscopy have been used to measure concentrations of ions and their distribution between chloroplasts and suspending media under different conditions of osmolarity and illumination. Although this is the method of choice for the measurement of rapid reactions, the ion-sensitive electrodes currently available have limited selectivity. An alternative mechanism is one in which H + transport is indirectly coupled to electron flow by interaction of H + transport with the energy transfer intermediates. Because of the sensitivity of the high energy state to structural derangement, workers have found it virtually impossible to investigate using classical techniques of enzymology, and indeed it has resisted attack for many years, a fact that has contributed to the attractiveness of a chemiosmotic hypothesis
Hindered Diffusion Of Petroleum Asphaltenes

The relationship between pore size and diffusion coefficient of pentane-insoluble asphaltenes has been investigated experimentally using track-etched mica membranes. Data were obtained for asphaltene fractions of a narrow size range by using gel permeation chromatography to analyze the diffusion samples. The results show a very strong pore size effect on diffusion coefficient in the range 70-500 A pore radius for asphaltenes whose gpc-equivalent polystyrene molecular weight is 3000 or greater. By properly accounting for the molecular size of the asphaltene fractions, good agreement was observed between the measured diffusion coefficients and those predicted from a hydrodynamic theory of hindered diffusion.
Developing Architectural Documentation for the Hadoop Distributed File System

Many open source projects are lacking architectural documentation that describes the major pieces of the system, how they are structured, and how they interact. We have produced architectural documentation for the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS), a major open source project. This paper describes our process and experiences in developing this documentation. We illustrate the documentation we have produced and how it differs from existing documentation by describing the redundancy mechanisms used in HDFS for reliability.
Improved benchmarking for steering algorithms

The statistical analysis of multi-agent simulations requires a definitive set of benchmarks that represent the wide spectrum of challenging scenarios that agents encounter in dynamic environments, and a scoring method to objectively quantify the performance of a steering algorithm for a particular scenario. In this paper, we first recognize several limitations in prior evaluation methods. Next, we define a measure of normalized effort that penalizes deviation from desired speed, optimal paths, and collisions in a single metric. Finally, we propose a new set of benchmark categories that capture the different situations that agents encounter in dynamic environments and identify truly challenging scenarios for each category. We use our method to objectively evaluate and compare three state of the art steering approaches and one baseline reactive approach. Our proposed scoring mechanism can be used (a) to evaluate a single algorithm on a single scenario, (b) to compare the performance of an algorithm over different benchmarks, and (c) to compare different steering algorithms.
A cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase in Dictyosteliumdiscoideum

Abstract A cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was found to appear during the time course of development of Dictyostelium discoideum . No cyclic AMP dependency was observed at any stage of development in crude 110,000 X G soluble extracts. After partial purification, however, extracts from post-aggregation stages contained enzyme that was activated up to 6-fold by cyclic AMP, whereas protein kinase from earlier stages was not affected by cyclic AMP. Likewise, cyclic AMP binding activity increased from the aggregation to the slug stage of development. Approximately one-half of the total cyclic AMP binding activity co-purified with the cyclic AMP dependent protein kinase. The enzyme from Dictyostelium showed similarities to mammalian protein kinases with respect to its kinetic properties but differed in its behavior on ion-exchange chromatography.
Network-based assessment of collaborative research in neuroscience.

Abstract Introduction The purpose of this study was to describe collaborative research in neuroscience within the context of the Center for Neurodegeneration and Translational Neuroscience (CNTN), a Center of Biomedical Research Excellence supported by the National Institute of General Medical Science. Drawing upon research on the science of team science, this study investigated the way that interactions around research emerged over the course of establishing a new research center. The objectives were to document changes in research activity and describe how human research support infrastructure functioned to support the production of science. Methods Social network analyses were used to model coauthorship relationships based on publication histories from baseline (2014) through the current grant year (2017) for key personnel (n = 12), as well as survey data on collaborative engagement among CNTN members (n = 59). Results Exponential random graph models indicated that over time, CNTN members were increasingly likely to form coauthorship relationships. Community detection algorithms and brokerage analyses suggested that the CNTN was functioning as intended to support scientific development. Discussion Assessment of team science efforts is critical to evaluating and developing appropriate support structures that facilitate successful team science efforts in translational neuroscience.
An affective space view on depression and anxiety.

The circumplex model for core affect is among the most prominent characterizations of emotion and has received extensive empirical support. However, no prior study exists that connects the measurement of depression and anxiety with the core affect structure and the bipolar dimensions of arousal and valence it includes. OBJECTIVES This study aims to investigate the reconcilability between a continuous model based on Russell's core affect system and a discrete entity view on depression and anxiety. METHODS The data were drawn from the anxiety and depression short forms in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (N = 763). It consists of 15 items with a 5-point Likert scale. Ratings of the items in terms of distress and arousal were obtained from experts in emotion research. An approach based on Russell's core affect theory was compared with the common type of factor models in which the items are lined up on clearly separated depression and anxiety dimensions with an empty space in between, as if they are separate and discrete entities. Our alternative model works with a continuous space instead. RESULTS The core affect theory-based method exhibits a goodness of fit that is comparable with the conventional models. CONCLUSIONS Depression and anxiety can be understood in terms of Russell's bipolar core affect model; the core affect-based model leaves room for symptoms in the space between dimensions.
Open Surgery for Extraction of an Embolized Pellet in the Middle Cerebral Artery From a Shotgun Injury.

Background and importance Embolization of shotgun pellet from the peripheral vasculature to the cerebral vessels has been a known phenomenon that has been reported previously in the literature. However, there is no consensus on clinical indications for intervention, best modality of intervention or management upon leaving the hospital. We describe a case of a shotgun pellet in the neck that embolized to the middle cerebral artery that was treated with open surgery. Discussed is the initial management on presentation, timing of intervention from surgery and detailed surgical technique. Clinical presentation A 20-yr-old man presented after being shot at close range with a shotgun. He was neurologically intact on exam. Initial screening computed tomography (CT) of the brain noted a shotgun pellet in the region of the sylvian fissure without intracranial hemorrhage. Computed tomography angiography again displayed pellet in the vicinity of the left middle cerebral artery. He was emergently taken for an awake cerebral angiogram and subsequent surgical extraction of the shotgun pellet. Conclusion Missile embolization of a bullet fragment to the intracranial vasculature is rare and requires difficult decisions regarding management. Critical factors that are to be considered prior to treatment include neurological clinical presentation, timing of the trauma, and anatomic location of injury. Patients who are without neurological deficit that display compromised blood flow require immediate cerebral angiogram followed by surgical intervention depending on location.
Parent-Adolescent Conflict And Young Adult Romantic Relationship Negativity: Genetic and environmental influences

Prior work indicates that aspects of interpersonal relationships are heritable, including negativity within parent-adolescent relationships as well as romantic relationships during adulthood. There have not, however, been systematic studies to disentangle genetic and environmental influences on relationship dynamics with parents as they relate to romantic partner relationship dynamics. Thus, the present study examined genetic and environmental influences on associations between parent-adolescent conflict and young adult reports of negativity with a romantic partner using a longitudinal twin/sibling design. We found that genetic, shared, and nonshared environmental factors contributed to conflict in parent-adolescent relationships and that genetic and nonshared environmental factors uniquely contributed to negativity in the romantic partnership during young adulthood. The longitudinal association between parent-adolescent conflict and romantic relationship conflict was explained entirely by genetic influences shared by the 2 constructs. These findings have implications for understanding interpersonal functioning across different relationship types, spanning multiple developmental periods. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
SEGMENTAL DIFFUSE VASCULAR LEAKAGE: A FLUORESCEIN ANGIOGRAPHIC FINDING IN PATIENTS WITH VON HIPPEL-LINDAU DISEASE.

PURPOSE To describe a novel fluorescein angiographic finding in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease. METHODS Retrospective case series of patients diagnosed with retinal capillary hemangioblastoma (RCH) in the setting of von Hippel-Lindau. RESULTS We identified six eyes of three patients with von Hippel-Lindau and leaky retinal vessels. All eyes showed segmental diffuse vascular leakage (SDVL) that was seen in the late phase of the angiogram and that originated from third order and more peripheral retinal veins and adjacent capillaries. These vessels did not drain from the RCHs. Segmental diffuse vascular leakage was mainly seen in the mid and far periphery. In some cases, it was located near the RCHs, while in other cases, it was remote. Segmental diffuse vascular leakage was also seen in one eye without RCHs. On follow-up, the extent and intensity of segmental diffuse vascular leakage did not change after the RCHs were treated with laser or cryotherapy. CONCLUSION Diffuse vascular leakage from retinal venules around and away from RCHs in patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease is seen, but the clinical and prognostic importance of this finding is uncertain.
Understanding the Journey of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Development

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) surface during embryogenesis leading to the genesis of the hematopoietic system, which is vital for immune function, homeostasis balance, and inflammatory responses in the human body. Hematopoiesis is the process of blood cell formation, which initiates from hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) and is responsible for the generation of all adult blood cells. With their self-renewing and pluripotent properties, human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) provide an unprecedented opportunity to create in vitro models of differentiation that will revolutionize our understanding of human development, especially of the human blood system. The utilization of hPSCs provides newfound approaches for studying the origins of human blood cell diseases and generating progenitor populations for cell-based treatments. Current shortages in our knowledge of adult HSCs and the molecular mechanisms that control hematopoietic development in physiological and pathological conditions can be resolved with better understanding of the regulatory networks involved in hematopoiesis, their impact on gene expression, and further enhance our ability to develop novel strategies of clinical importance. In this review, we delve into the recent advances in the understanding of the various cellular and molecular pathways that lead to blood development from hPSCs and examine the current knowledge of human hematopoietic development. We also review how in vitro differentiation of hPSCs can undergo hematopoietic transition and specification, including major subtypes, and consider techniques and protocols that facilitate the generation of hematopoietic stem cells.
Recording the Visual Cultural Retreat

At the Visual Culture Retreat held at Pennsylvania State University, November 7-9, 2003, participants were invited to attend a lecture by Robert Farris Thompson. Thompson, an art historian who studies the connections between the arts of Africa, North America, and the Caribbean, presented "New York: Secret African City." As I sat in the auditorium of the Palmer Museum of Art, I did what I almost always do-I lived in two places simultaneously. In the auditorium I basked in the aura of Thompson's performance, while in my journall I captured fragments of Thompson's words and rhythms. I drew some of the images he showed and I created my own private commentary on the ideas that flowed so easily from Thompson. I started by drawing outlines of Thompson's silhouettes as he danced and sang and gestured. Inside those outlines I wrote phrases: "food as yin & yang," "order and chaos." I also drew some of the images he showed: the full-body mask on one side showing the male and on the other the female-"always supporting, always defending her male," and thinking to myself, "yes, and always contradicting, always bound, always separated." Some of my notes captured Thompson's rhythms: And the amazing thing is that he performed the whole thing-the transformation from one [thing] to the other. Layered, layered, layered; a hypertext of texts of texts of texts focusing and breaking apart, salsa, and mambo, and jazzy. The musical equivalent of Jackson Pollock painting, with the phrasing, overlapping, tangling, jangling. Thompson's intertextuality stayed with me-and with others, throughout the visual culture retreat. In a breakout session, as a group of participants discussed distinctions between "teaching" visual culture-defined as a hierarchical transferring of predetermined information about visual culture and the ways images shape and control beliefs and attitudes, and a "pedagogy" of visual culture-defined as a nonhierarchical and democratic pursuit of the meanings that surround images, I asked, "So who are the Correspondence concerning this commentary should be sent to the author at bgwl@psu.edu
Macro versus micro remedies for alienation in the workplace

Manifestations of alienation are ubiquitous in modern society and are not limited to the workplace. The paradigm of alienation as delineated by Karl Marx is a valuable tool for understanding this phenomenon at societal and organizational levels. In addition, comprehension of this model can assist decision-makers in formulating better diagnoses and more effective solutions. A review of the major points of Marx's three forms of alienation is described as a basis for examining the manifestations of alienation in society and the workplace. Subsequently, the author indicates societal solutions offered by selected scholars. In examining the problem of estrangement in the workplace, it is clear that managers could identify the forces causing alienation more precisely through an understanding of Marx's paradigm. This knowledge would enable managers to select appropriate remedies to ameliorate the condition. What the workers want most, as more than 100 studies in the past 20 years show, is to become masters of the...
Colorectal cancer screening: Choosing the right test

Colorectal cancer, the second most common type of cancer and cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States, can largely be prevented by screening. The 2 most used methods in the United States are colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical testing (FIT). FIT is noninvasive but must be done yearly for optimal performance and, if positive, must be followed by colonoscopy. Colonoscopy is invasive, operator-dependent, and more expensive, but it can detect and remove polyps during the same procedure. The choice of test depends on patient preference, family history, and the likelihood of compliance.
What is relevant for a veterinary readership

I was very surprised and disappointed to see a half-page of Vet Record devoted to informing us that some …
The effect of hospital and physician volume on racial differences in disease recurrence following surgery for prostate cancer

3416 Recurrence following radical prostatectomy is higher among African Americans compared to Caucasians. Previous studies have shown that hospital and physician volume, proxies for experience, are associated with improved outcomes and disease-free survival following major surgical procedures. This study investigated racial differences in recurrence following surgery for prostate cancer as they may be associated with hospital and physician volume. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End-Results (SEER)-Medicare database were examined for 962 African American and 7387 Caucasian men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer during 1993-1999 and received surgery within 6 months of diagnosis. Analysis controlled for age at diagnosis, cancer stage, and Gleason grade. Cox regression models were employed to estimate the relationships between volume, disease-recurrence, and race, grouping hospital and physician volume by quartiles. During 1993-1999, African American men were more likely to experience disease recurrence than Caucasian men (Hazard Ratio (HR)=1.32; 95%CI: 1.15, 1.51). Examination of this disparity revealed that the racial differences in recurrence were greater among high volume hospitals (High HR=1.66; 95%CI: 1.31, 2.09) than low volume hospitals (Low HR=1.24, 95%CI: 0.92, 1.68). The disparity in recurrence was even lower among those receiving care at Medium (Medium HR=1.12, 95%CI: 0.81, 1.53) and Medium High volume hospitals (Medium High HR=1.19, 95%CI: 0.84,1.68). Thus, contrary to expectation, hospitals performing the most surgeries for prostate cancer had larger racial differences in recurrence than hospitals performing the least surgeries. Those hospitals that were in the medium volume categories exhibited little evidence for racial differences in recurrence. Stratification by physician volume revealed an increase in racial differences between Low, Medium, and Medium High Volume physicians (Low HR=1.00; 95%CI: 0.76, 1.33; Medium HR=1.20, 95%CI: 0.91, 1.58; Medium High HR=1.67, 95%CI: 1.25, 2.22). However, patients of the highest volume physicians showed slightly lower racial differences than those of the Medium volume Physicians (High HR=1.11, 95%CI: 0.59, 2.11). In summary, racial differences in recurrence following surgery for prostate cancer did not consistently decrease with increasing hospital and physician volume as expected. Instead, this study suggests that racial differences in recurrence persist among patients of high volume or experienced hospitals, and patients of medium high volume physicians.
Optimizing photoswitchable MEK

Optogenetic approaches are transforming quantitative studies of cell-signaling systems. A recently developed photoswitchable mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1 (MEK1) enzyme (psMEK) short-circuits the highly conserved Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK)-signaling cascade at the most proximal step of effector kinase activation. However, since this optogenetic tool relies on phosphorylation-mimicking substitutions in the activation loop of MEK, its catalytic activity is predicted to be substantially lower than that of wild-type MEK that has been phosphorylated at these residues. Here, we present evidence that psMEK indeed has suboptimal functionality in vivo and propose a strategy to circumvent this limitation by harnessing gain-of-function, destabilizing mutations in MEK. Specifically, we demonstrate that combining phosphomimetic mutations with additional mutations in MEK, chosen for their activating potential, restores maximal kinase activity in vitro. We establish that this modification can be tuned by the choice of the destabilizing mutation and does not interfere with reversible activation of psMEK in vivo in both Drosophila and zebrafish. To illustrate the types of perturbations enabled by optimized psMEK, we use it to deliver pulses of ERK activation during zebrafish embryogenesis, revealing rheostat-like responses of an ERK-dependent morphogenetic event.
Impact of a Low-Cost Postsecondary Enrollment Intervention: Evidence from Louisiana

While it is well understood that postsecondary education increases lifetime earnings, the complexity of the college application process creates a barrier to postsecondary enrollment. This paper inv...
Variety is the spice of life! The effect of the number of side dishes and plate presentation on willingness to try Korean cuisine

One of the prominent features of Korean cuisine is its use of small side dishes (called banchan), which are offered free of charge, a feature that should appeal to price-conscious, variety-craving ...
Knowledge-driven stochastic reliable modeling for steel bridge deck condition rating prediction

The structurally deficient bridges increased from 6.2% to 7% of total bridges in California state. With this percentage, 7%; California state occupies one of the top states for bridges in “poor„ co...
دراسة اقتصادية لمحددات الطلب علي صادرات الرمان المصري في أهم الأسواق الإستيرادية

يعتبر محصول الرمان من المحاصيل البستانية التصديرية الزراعية الواعدة في مصر، واستهدف البحث التعرف على الوضع الإنتاجي والتصديري وبعض مؤشرات القدرة التنافسية، وإيضا محددات الطلب الخارجي لمحصول الرمان في أهم أسواقه الإستيرادية وأشارت النتائج أن المساحة الکلية والمثمرة المنزرعة بالمحصول أخذت اتجاها عاما متزايدا، بينما أخذت الإنتاجية الفدانية اتجاها عاما متناقصا، وبلغ مقدار الزيادة السنوية في الإنتاج الکلي نحو 21.4% من متوسط إنتاج المحصول، أما فيما يتعلق بکمية وقيمة صادرات الرمان خلال فترة الدراسة أخذت اتجاها عاما متزايدا، بينما متوسط سعر التصدير أخذ اتجاها عاما متناقصا. و أن السعر أکثر تقلبا خلال فترة الدراسة. واستأثرت أسواق کلا من العراق، السعودية، الکويت بنحو 71.6% من متوسط إجمالي الکمية المصدرة من الرمان خلال متوسط الفترة (2015-2019)، وتبين أن مصر لها ميزة نسبية ظاهرية وتخصصية في الأسواق الخارجية. کما تتمتع بميزة نسبية سعرية بالنسبة للدول المنافسة لها داخل السوق السعودي، الکويتي، الروسي والأماراتي. وأعلي قيمة لمعدل الأختراق للسوق الکويتي والسعودي بنحو 0.51، 0.31 علي التوالي. وبتقدير المرونة السعرية من خلال نموذج الطلب المباشر تبين أن انخفاض متوسط سعر استيراد المحصول بنسبة 1% يؤدى إلى زيادة کمية الواردات الکلية بنحو 34%، 64%، 62% في کل من السوق الکويتي، الروسي، الأماراتي علي الترتيب خلال فترة الدراسة، بينما نموذج الاحلال بين أن الطلب غير مرن مما يعني انه عند انخفاض النسبة بين متوسط سعر استيراد الرمان المصرى وبين متوسط سعر استيراد الرمان للدول المنافسة الاخري مقداره 1% يؤدى إلى إحلال الواردات من الرمان المصرى على حساب واردات الرمان من الدول المنافسة بنسبة أقل من الواحد الصحيح.
Experiential Learning: Food Choices of Thai Local Mixed Dish and One Plate Dish among College Students

ntroduction: Experiential learning is a main component of higher education. However many educators, administrators, including the students are not conscious of this kind of programs and their beneficiaries resulted during their academic period. This study aims to promote and support Experiential Learning on Nutrition Education among Public Health students focusing on Nutrition Educate on macronutrient composition food among the college students Methods: This study was an observational and Intervention study with one group pretest-posttest design. The Public Health students organized Food Composition Exhibition during their lunch at the college’s canteen. The completed questionnaires of the pre and post exhibition were collected for further descriptive analysis. Results: Out of 100 one-paged questionnaires, the compliance was 76 students. Sitting on the fence was dominantly among the 5 point Likert Scale. However the posttest revealed that the students indicated their food choices on low calorie foods and it was the Public Health students themselves who organized these information. Discussion: Both the exhibition learned the important of food composition of macronutrients through their concrete experiences and could be apply in their personal and professional lives. However “Healthy Plate” should be prepared and introduced for the next Nutrition course.
Pharmacogenomics: From Basic Research to Clinical Implementation.

The established contribution of genetic variation to drug response has the potential to improve drug efficacy and reduce drug toxicity [...]
Primary Hyperparathyroidism Secondary to a Sestamibi-Negative Cystic Parathyroid Adenoma

The most common cause of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a solid parathyroid adenoma. Less than 2% of cases of PHPT are caused by cystic parathyroid adenomas formed from degeneration of pre-existing solid parathyroid adenomas. Cystic parathyroid adenomas are non-functional in over 90% of cases. In this case we describe management of a 56-year-old man with acute-onset polydipsia, polyuria, xerostomia, nausea, and constipation. Serum chemistry upon admission revealed hypercalcemia, hyperparathyroidism, and reduced serum phosphorus. Neck sonogram revealed a predominantly anechoic lesion later confirmed by pathology to be a cystic parathyroid adenoma in the right thyroid lobe. Sestamibi scan did not show uptake in parathyroid gland, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) was elevated in fine-needle aspiration sample. Otolaryngology removed the cystic lesion via surgical excision, which led to normalization of PTH level. This case demonstrates the importance of evaluation of cystic components for PTH levels and if confirmed should be treated as a parathyroid adenoma.
A case study on the safety impact of implementing smart patient-controlled analgesic pumps at a tertiary care academic medical center.

Article-at-a-Glance Background As with the use of any therapy involving opioids, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)–related errors can lead to overdose and even death. "Smart" (computerized) pumps have medication safety enhancements, particularly those related to operator errors during administration, to improve overall safety and efficacy. After the occurrence of PCA–related errors that occurred at a tertiary care academic medical center, an analysis of PCA errors was conducted. The introduction of smart pumps was identified as a possible solution, and the medical center adopted the technology in 2006. A study was conducted to investigate the impact of implementation. Methods and Results The study had three primary objectives: (1) to evaluate history logs stored in the smart PCA pumps to characterize the nature of hard and soft stop alerts and identify potential errors that may have been averted, (2) to examine the impact of smart PCA pumps on voluntarily reported PCA therapy–related errors, and (3) to assess nursing perceptions regarding the improvement in safety due to the introduction of smart PCA pumps. The smart pumps potentially prevented 159 errors for the January–June 2007 period; upper hard limits had the most number of alerts, representing avoidance of errors with the greatest potential to be detrimental to the patient. In addition, pump-programming errors due to wrong concentration were eliminated after implementation. Finally, nursing staff perceived smart pumps to be valuable in improving patient safety. Conclusions Smart PCA pumps had an important positive impact on PCA–related patient safety at the medical center. Other facilities should adopt PCA devices with additional safety features such as bar-code verification of the drug and concentration, as well as dosage limits, to prevent pump-programming errors.
LCR model for hyberbolic metamaterials

We show that a previously derived LCR model for a plasmonic waveguide can be generalized to a model for hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs). An analysis of previous work and a generalization into a multilayer structure is presented. The physical significance and practical applications are discussed.
Studies of SV40 DNA. 3. Differences in DNA from various strains of SV40.

Abstract The DNA of different strains of SV40 has been analyzed by digestion with restriction endonuclease from Hemophilus influenzae and eleetrophoretic separation of the resulting DNA fragments. Specific differences have been detected which are most simply explained as small deletions in the DNA of some strains compared to that of others.
Coherent solubility limits of γ'-type phases in NiAl, NiGa and NiTi alloys

One of the predictions of Cahn`s theory of spinodal decomposition in cubic crystals is that the solubility limits of coherent phases in thermodynamic equilibrium can differ from their counterparts in incoherent, unstressed equilibrium. Williams later realized that the equilibrium solubilities limits of coherent phases in a binary alloy should depend on the volume fraction, f, of the two phases, or equivalently, on the overall concentration of solute in the alloy, C{sup o}. The primary objective of this work was therefore to conduct aging experiments on several alloys to measure the coherent solubility limits as a function of the initial alloy content, and to determine whether the shift with C{sup o} could be correlated directly with the magnitude of {delta}.
Secure localization in wireless sensor networks

Ad hoc wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted a great deal of attention in recent years for their broad potential in both military and civilian operations. The proper operations of many WSNs rely on the knowledge of physical sensor locations. However, most existing localization algorithms developed for WSNs are vulnerable to attacks in hostile environments. As a result, adversaries can easily subvert the normal functionalities of location-dependent WSNs by exploiting the weakness of localization algorithms. In this paper, we first present a general secure localization scheme to protect localization from adversarial attacks. We then propose a mobility-assisted secure localization framework for WSNs.
Second order conformal covariants

We complete the classification of second order, bundle valued differential operator invariants of Riemannian and pseudo-Riemannian conformal structure, by classifying such operators which pass between bundles associated to different representations of the rotation or spin group.
The Cross Section of Expected Firm (Not Equity) Returns

Using the Lehman Fixed Income Database, this paper provides the first comprehensive study of expected firm (not equity) returns. After accounting for the debt component of the firm return, I find that many of the cross sectional determinants of expected equity and debt returns are nonexistent at the level of the firm. Cross sectional variation in expected firm returns is small relative to expected equity returns. In general, my results suggest that capital structure, not firm level, effects play a major role in understanding many security-specific asset pricing regularities. The emphasis on capital structure effects challenges various firm level rational and irrational theories motivating the book-to-market, short-term momentum, and long-term reversal effects in equity returns.
Hénon Mappings in the Complex Domain

Let H: ℂ2 → ℂ2 be the Henon mapping given by $$ \left[ {_y^x} \right] \mapsto \left[ {_x^{p(x) - ay}} \right] $$ The key invariant subsets are K ±, the sets of points with bounded forward images, J ± = ∂K ±, their boundaries, J = J + ∩ J −, and K = K + ∩ K −. In this paper we identify the topological structure of these sets when p is hyperbolic and |a| is sufficiently small, i.e., when H is a small perturbation of the polynomial p. The description involves projective and inductive limits of objects defined in terms of p alone.
Comparison Between First‐timers and Repeaters for Relationship Marketing Implications

This research note examines how different relationships affect visitors' tourism experiences at agritourism encounters, recognizing the differences between repeaters and first-timers from a relationship marketing perspective. Results from a survey of 431 visitors to farms in Texas found that most of relationships with service providers, other customers and companions were important but differently related to satisfaction. By examining the differences and similarities between first-timers and repeaters, this study suggests that visitors' relationships not only with service providers but also with other customers and companions should be embraced into the components of relationship marketing models in tourism. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long Chain Enoyl Coenzyme A Hydratase from Pig Heart

Abstract A long chain enoyl-CoA hydratase, which in addition to crotonase is present in pig heart muscle, has been isolated and partially purified. This enzyme appears to be located in the mitochondria and is tighter membrane-bound than crotonase. It catalyzes the hydration of medium and long chain trans-Δ2,3-enoyl-CoA substrates to their corresponding l-3-hydroxy derivatives but it is nearly inactive toward crotonyl-CoA. The highest Vmax was observed with Δ2,3-octenoyl-CoA, while longer chain substrates gave progressively decreasing values. However, the same Km value of 24 µm was obtained for all even numbered Δ2,3-enoic acid derivatives containing 8 to 14 carbons. The pH optimum of this enzyme was found to be 8.5. Inhibition studies showed that this hydratase, in contrast to bovine liver crotonase, is not significantly inhibited by acetoacetyl-CoA but is strongly inhibited by long chain enoylCoA substrates. This inhibition can be at least partially prevented by the presence of bovine serum albumin. The enzyme is also inhibited by sulfhydryl inhibitors, as, for example, p-chloromercuribenzoate or N-methylmaleimide, which at concentrations of 1 mm inhibited the enzyme to the extent of 100% and 69%, respectively.
Classification of proteins according to conformation

On the basis of optical rotatory dispersion data and other evidence, it was attempted to classify the proteins according to the conformation of their polypeptide chains. Three large groups of globular proteins emerge: 1. proteins with a high α-helix content, 2. proteins with a low α-helix content, and 3. the nonhelical globular proteins. Recent optical rotatory dispersion data have revealed that the nonhelical proteins can be subdivided into three subgroups: (a) proteins with an unknown order of type I (chymotrypsinogen, elastase, the luteinizing hormone, soyabean trypsin inhibitor, etc.), (b) proteins with an unknown non-helical order of type II (serum γ-globulin, the BENCE JONES proteins), and (c) disordered proteins (phosvitin, histones in aqueous solutions). New results on the following proteins are reported: adenosine deaminase, arginase, bacterial α-amylase, collagenase, conalbumin, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, glyoxalase, 20-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase, nucleoside phosphorylase, ovalbumin, peroxidase, α-phosphorylase, phosphotransacetylase, phosphoglycerate mutase, transferrin, triose phosphate isomerase, and xanthine oxidase. The MOFFITT constants (b0) were determined, and the far ultraviolet COTTON effects were studied. Since the rotatory power of completely disordered proteins at the wave length of 198 mμ is now known, the α-helix content of the proteins exhibiting the positive maximum in the curves at 198 mμ can be calculated from the amplitude of the maximum using the poly-α-L-glutamic acid as standard.
Finnish challenges and solutions on community mental health services

This keynote paper examines the historical developments in Finland in developing community mental health services. In particular, it describes the development and growth of the ‘clubhouse model’ in the support and management of individuals with mental health and how Finland leads the way in such an approach. The paper describes the relative success of this ‘integrated’ model of care and considers what the future for community mental health in Finland will be.
Generativity, the big five, and psychosocial adaptation in midlife adults.

The study examines the extent to which 2 sets of per- sonality variables—(1) dispositional traits (and their facets) within the Big Five taxonomy and (2) the adult developmental construct of genera- tivity—are associated with psychosocial adaptation in midlife adults (N 5 128), conceived as the combination of individual well-being and positive societal involvements. Generativity is conceived as an adult's concern for and commitment to promoting the well-being of future gen- erations. Multiple regression analyses showed that dispositional traits were more strongly associated with individual well-being than was gen- erativity, but generativity was much more strongly associated with pos- itive societal engagement than were the traits. Correlations between dispositional traits and generativity revealed that highly generative adults were elevated on most of the facets of Extraversion and Openness. For the other 3 traits, generativity was positively related to facets of com- petence, achievement striving, dutifulness, altruism, and trust and nega- tively related to vulnerability, anxiety, depressiveness, and modesty.
1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol Inhibits the Progression of Arthritis in Murine Models of Human Arthritis

1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25-(OH)2D3] has been shown to inhibit the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here we tested the possibility that 1, 25-dihydroxycholecalciferol might be therapeutic for another autoimmune disease, arthritis. Two different animal models of arthritis were tested, namely, murine Lyme arthritis and collagen-induced arthritis. Infection of mice with Borrelia burgdorferi (the causative agent of human Lyme arthritis) produced acute arthritic lesions including footpad and ankle swelling. Supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol of an adequate diet fed to mice infected with B. burgdorferi minimized or prevented these symptoms. Mice immunized with type II collagen also developed arthritis. The symptoms of this disease were also prevented by dietary supplementation with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. 1, 25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol given to mice with early symptoms of collagen-induced arthritis prevented the progression to severe arthritis compared with untreated controls. These results suggest that 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and/or its analogs may be a valuable treatment approach to this disease.
Reconstitution of Multivalent PDZ Domain Binding to the Scaffold Protein PSD-95 Reveals Ternary-Complex Specificity of Combinatorial Inhibition

Summary Multidomain scaffold proteins serve as hubs in the signal transduction network. By physically colocalizing sequential steps in a transduction pathway, scaffolds catalyze and direct incoming signals. Much is known about binary interactions with individual domains, but it is unknown whether "scaffolding activity" is predictable from pairwise affinities. Here, we characterized multivalent binding to PSD-95, a scaffold protein containing three PDZ domains connected in series by disordered linkers. We used single molecule fluorescence to watch soluble PSD-95 recruit diffusing proteins to a surface-attached receptor cytoplasmic domain. Different ternary complexes showed unique concentration dependence for scaffolding despite similar pairwise affinity. The concentration dependence of scaffolding activity was not predictable based on binary interactions. PSD-95 did not stabilize specific complexes, but rather increased the frequency of transient binding events. Our results suggest that PSD-95 maintains a loosely connected pleomorphic ensemble rather than forming a stereospecific complex containing all components.