cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Role of Growth Factors in Tissue Repair I

Wound healing is a complex biologic phenomenon that as been the subject of much investigation (Ross, 1968; Ross and Glomset, 1976). This process can be divided into three overlapping phases, namely inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling (see Chapter 1). Upon injury, hemorrhage occurs. Along with the formation of fibrin clots, platelets aggregate and become activated with release of granule contents. Following degranulation of platelets, the appearance and subsequent activation of neutrophils and monocytes at the injury sites constitute the major events in the inflammatory phase. In the proliferative phase, fibroblasts (in most organs) or smooth muscle cells (in large blood vessels) are recruited to the injury sites and proliferate. The formation of new extracellular matrix leads to completion of the remodeling phase.
ETIOLOGY OF ACROMEGALY FROM THE NEUROENDOCRINE POINT OF VIEW: A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

As we attain the one hundredth anniversary of the report by Pierre Marie of a patient with acromegaly (1), it is not unreasonable to ask how the wealth of physiological study of the mechanism of regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion carried out particularly since 1960 has illuminated the pathogenesis of the disorder and added to our abilities, to diagnose and manage the disease. The object of this chapter is to outline historical aspects of our current understanding of the mechanisms by which GH secretion is normally regulated, and how these may be abnormal in acromegaly. This anniversary report comes at a particularly propitious time because the chemical structures of the two principal hypothalamic factors responsible for GH regulation, growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF) (2,3) and somatostatin (4), and of growth hormone (GH) (5) itself have all been elucidated, and the molecular structure of the gene encoding for GH determined (6). The structures of the genes coding for somatostatin (7,8), and the structure of preproGRF have also been elucidated (9,10). It has, therefore, become possible to define the mechanisms controlling synthesis and secretion in molecular terms. Several reviews of this topic have been published (11–24).
Inspection of Metallic Plates Using a Novel Remote Field Eddy Current NDT Probe

The remote field eddy current (RFEC) technique was invented in 1951 [1], [2] and is widely used as a nondestructive evaluation tool for inspecting metallic pipes and tubing. Essentially, the RFEC phenomenon can be observed when an AC coil is excited inside a conducting tube (see Fig. 1). The RFEC signal can be sensed by a pick-up coil located 2–3 diameters away from the excitation coil. The signal is closely related to the tube wall condition, thickness, permeability, and conductivity. The signal phase, especially, has approximately linear relationship with the tube wall thickness.
Linear Form Curves

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on linear form curves. Straight lines are simple curves—easy to understand, and easy to manipulate. A generalization, the multilinear form, underlies the common curves of computer graphics. Through every pair of distinct points there is a unique line; this is an axiom of Euclidean geometry. But use of points and lines in computer graphics is impossible without a numerical representation. Points are commonly represented using (x, y, z) coordinates. Lines, however, may be represented in a variety of ways—Pliicker coordinates, implicit equations, parametric equations—depending on the task. This chapter uses the concept of multilinearity and symmetry to explain Lagrange polynomials, Bezier and B-spline curves, the de Casteljau and de Boor algorithms, and Catmull–Rom splines; and it unites all these in a single routine. The code presented in the chapter generates curves of many different flavors. Specific possibilities include Lagrange interpolants, Bezier curves, B-spline curves, and Cn Catmull–Rom splines.
A Role for the 73-kDa Heat Shock Cognate Protein in a Lysosomal Pathway of Intracellular Protein Degradation

The Increased lysosomal degradation of cytosolic proteins during serum withdrawal is stimulated by a member of the 70-kDa heat shock protein (HSP701) family. This HSP70, designated the peptide recognition protein of 73 kDa (prp73), can be isolated by affinity chromatography with RNase S-peptide-Sepharose, and it stimulates lysosomal uptake and degradation of [3H]RNase S-peptide in vitro. Prp73 binds to several proteins and peptides that contain peptide regions biochemically related to amino acids 7–11 of RNase S-peptide, Lys-Phe-Glu-Arg-Gln (KFERQ).
Abstract B019: Developing new ceramide analogs against AIDS-related lymphoma

The Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the etiologic agent of several human cancers, including primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), a subtype of highly aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). PEL preferentially arises in immunocompromised patients, e.g., AIDS patients, but lacks of effective therapeutic options. Ceramide serves as a central mediator in sphingolipid metabolism and is referred to as a “tumor suppressor lipid”; however, its functional role in PEL survival and therapeutic value remain largely unknown. Our previous work demonstrated that targeting sphingolipid metabolism by either sphingosine kinase 2 (SphK2) inhibitor or exogenous ceramides induced significant PEL apoptosis and suppressed tumor progression. Recently, we have synthesized a series of new ceramide analogs with better stability and solubility. Our first screening indicated that at least 2 new compounds effectively inhibited PEL cell growth, through the complex mechanisms including induction of tumor cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, intracellular ceramide production, and viral lytic gene expression. By using an immunodeficiency mice xenograft model, we found that these selective ceramide analogs significantly repressed PEL progression in vivo. Ongoing work includes the identification of global gene profile affected by these new compounds within PEL cells using the NGS technology. We hope these new ceramide analogs can be developed as promising therapeutic strategies for prolonging the survival time of PEL patients and/or improving their life quality. Citation Format: Lu Dai, Maryam Foroozesh, Zhiqiang Qin. Developing new ceramide analogs against AIDS-related lymphoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2017 Oct 26-30; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2018;17(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B019.
A Different Chemical View

A simple walk around the block with any dog illustrates the importance of the odorous world to these animals. Whether the walk is going to be a short and brisk one or long and leisurely, the dog doesn’t care. Its entire focus is the novel odors and potential trails of chemicals that line its walk. Bits of grass, trees, sign posts, and shrubs are all must stop and smell spots for canines. Contained in these odors are a wealth of information on animals (both canine and otherwise) that have previously passed this spot. Those earlier animals have either left inadvertent signals (body odors) or intentional markings (urinary signals) that advertise the genus, sex, and health of these animals.
Fuzzy evaluation method for synthesis sensitivity of solid propellant

The fuzzy mathematic model for synthesis sensitivity evaluation of solid propellant was established by means of fuzzy mathematic method.The model was used for synthesis sensitivity evaluation of NEPE propellant.According to various sensitivities of solid propellant during different processes,one-sideness of traditional geometric mean value sensitivity can be eliminated by endowing different weight coefficient;non-dimensional treatment method removes the difference among dimensions of various sensitivities;the grade parameter treatment method can make synthesis sensitivity value digitized,which can reflex hazard classification of solid propellant accurately and visually.
Interneuron dysfunction in a new knock-in mouse model of SCN1A GEFS+

Advances in genome sequencing have identified over 1300 mutations in the SCN1A sodium channel gene that result in genetic epilepsies. However, how individual mutations within SCN1A produce seizures remains elusive for most mutations. Previous work from our lab has shown that the K1270T (KT) mutation, which is linked to GEFS+ (Genetic Epilepsy with Febrile Seizure plus) in humans, causes reduced firing of GABAergic neurons in a Drosophila knock-in model. To examine the effect of this mutation in mammals, we introduced the equivalent KT mutation into the mouse Scn1a (Scn1aKT) gene using CRISPR/Cas9. Mouse lines carrying this mutation were examined in two widely used genetic backgrounds, C57BL/6NJ and 129X1/SvJ. In both backgrounds, homozygous mutants had spontaneous seizures and died by postnatal day 23. There was no difference in the lifespan of mice heterozygous for the mutation in either background when compared to wild-type littermates up to 6 months. Heterozygous mutants had heat-induced seizures at ~42 degree Celsius, a temperature that did not induce seizures in wild-type littermates. In acute hippocampal slices, current-clamp recordings revealed a significant depolarized shift in action potential threshold and reduced action potential amplitude in parvalbumin-expressing inhibitory interneurons in Scn1aKT/+ mice. There was no change in the firing properties of excitatory CA1 pyramidal neurons. Our results indicate that Scn1aKT/+ mice develop seizures, and impaired action potential firing of inhibitory interneurons in Scn1aKT/+ mice may produce hyperexcitability in the hippocampus.
Continuous Intravenous Anakinra Infusion to Calm the Cytokine Storm in Macrophage Activation Syndrome.

Objective The objective of this study was to report the benefit of a therapeutic approach consisting of intravenous (IV) continuous anakinra (recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist) infusions in treating severely ill adult patients with secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Methods A retrospective chart review of five patients treated at Regions Hospital from 2016 to 2019 was conducted. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics and outcomes were recorded. Results Continuous IV anakinra infusions up to 2400 mg/d resulted in rapid serologic, then clinical response in 4 of 5 severely ill patients who were refractory to all other therapies, including subcutaneous anakinra. Subsequently, 3 of 5 patients have been maintained on anakinra or canakinumab, with no recurrence of MAS. Conclusion Continuous infusion of IV anakinra may result in rapid serologic and subsequent clinical improvement in adult patients with MAS. This method for treating cytokine storm should be considered in the current COVID-19 pandemic in the subgroup of patients with severe disease who have a cytokine storm presentation.
Antibiotic Stewardship for Ambulatory Urological Procedures: Cystoscopy and Vasectomy

AbstractIntroduction:We evaluated physician adherence to antibiotic stewardship for outpatient cystoscopy and vasectomy, which are associated with a low risk of infection and for which prophylactic...
Toward a Theory of Visual Information Acquisition in Driving.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study is to describe information acquisition theory, explaining how drivers acquire and represent the information they need.BackgroundWhile questions of what drivers are aw...
Ascorbic acid: The chemistry underlying its antioxidant properties

Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an unusual antioxidant in that it donates a single reducing equivalent, and the radical it forms, monodehydroascorbate, reacts preferentially with radicals instead of with non-radical compounds. This happens because removal of an electron from monodehydroascorbate would create a tricarbonyl structure that is energetically unfavored. Instead of forming this structure, ascorbic acid oxidizes only to monodehydroascorbate, and monodehydroascorbate reacts with other radicals, oxidizing by mechanisms that may circumvent formation of this unfavored structure. Ironically, this tricarbonyl compound, which we suggest be called pseudodehydroascorbate, is commonly and mistakenly cited as the real product of ascorbic acid oxidation. In fact, it has been known for over 40 years that dehydroascorbate has a bicyclic hemiketal structure, and kinetic considerations suggest that it may be produced and reduced without forming pseudodehydroascorbate as an intermediate. This and other significant questions about the chemical basis of the antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid are obscured by this misconception about its oxidation product, dehydroascorbate.
Multi-terawatt femtosecond 10 µm laser pulses by self-compression in a CO2 cell

We propose and numerically investigate a novel direct route to produce multi-terawatt femtosecond self-compressed 10 µm laser pulses suitable for the next generation relativistic laser-plasma studies including laser-wakefield acceleration at long wavelengths. The basic concept involves selecting an appropriate isotope of CO2 gas as a compression medium. This offers a dispersion/absorption landscape that is shifted in frequency relative to the driving CO2 laser used for 10 µm picosecond pulse generation. We show numerically that as a consequence of low losses and a broad anomalous dispersion window, a 3.5 ps duration pulse can be compressed to ∼300 fs while carrying ∼7 TW of peak power in less than 7 m. An interplay of self-phase modulation and anomalous dispersion leads to a ∼3.5 times compression factor, followed by the onset of filamentation near the cell exit to get below 300 fs duration.
Coupling Consensus Based Tasks with Subsumption Architecture for UAS Swarm Based Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Operations

This paper investigates the controls problem of coupling consensus based tasks with a behavioral based algorithm like subsumption architecture and used in tracking of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles working in dynamic and distributed environments. Distributed autonomous systems continue to grow in complexity and remain a challenging and interesting research topic. The system is designed such that each vehicle requires only a local information exchange, with out the need to communicate with a global central system. A general class of state and input transformation is utilized to convert a tracking problem into a consensus like time-varying problem. We have successfully implemented a swarm of autonomous aerial vehicles, by integrating a consensus based task allocation system with a behavior based system that works by concepts of subsumption architecture. This work focuses on integrating a decentralized task planning algorithm called Consensus Based Bundled Algorithm with a true behavior based exploratory architecture called Subsumption Architecture in order to exploit the best features of both these architectures. An improvement in the framework was observed in the task allocation when a relationship coupling logic was implemented. It is proposed that if the parent task is considered by an agent and executes the entire bundle, planning the reassignment of tasks are not necessary during the consensus based tasking. This planned task set can be re-assigned dynamically during run-time by the Subsumption Architecture, when implemented on a system that has an on-board autonomy and computing system. We implement this combined framework for the task of Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance.
Biomechanics in an Incomplete Versus Complete Supraspinatus Tear: A Cadaveric Study.

Background:Degenerative and traumatic changes to the rotator cuff can result in massive and irreparable rotator cuff tears (RCTs).Purpose/Hypothesis:The study objective was to conduct a biomechanic...
The Societal Benefits of Vehicle Connectivity

Abstract Connected vehicles (CV) comprise a broad class of capabilities enabled by automobiles, other vehicles, and components of the roadway system communicating with each other. A fast growing commercial market, CV has the potential for significant, but heretofore under-explored societal benefits. This study employs a scenario analysis to estimate environmental, health, access, and equity outcomes from widespread deployment of CV in the United States by 2035. A Mobility for All scenario, envisioning favorable policy and optimistic assumptions about technology progress, provides significant societal benefits. Two alternative scenarios, Mobility in Transition and Fragmented Mobility, provide environmental benefits similar to one another, but the latter degrades health, access, and equity for most of the population. The scenarios suggest that CV’s most significant societal benefits arise from its interactions with automation and electrification and that enhancing equity in any push towards CV represent a low-regrets option for public, private, and civil society actors.
Metataxonomic Profiling of Native and Starter Microbiota During Ripening of Gouda Cheese Made With Listeria monocytogenes-Contaminated Unpasteurized Milk

Unpasteurized milk is used to produce aged artisanal cheeses, which presents a safety concern due to possible contamination with foodborne pathogens, especially Listeria monocytogenes. The objective of this study was to examine the composition of the bacterial community in unpasteurized milk used to prepare Gouda cheese artificially contaminated with L. monocytogenes (~1 log CFU/ml) and assess the community dynamics and their potential interaction with L. monocytogenes during a 90-day ripening period using targeted 16S rRNA sequencing. The diversity of bacterial taxa in three batches of unpasteurized milk was not significantly different, and the microbiomes were dominated by species of Lactococcus, Streptomyces, Staphylococcus, and Pseudomonas. The highest relative abundances were observed for Pseudomonas fluorescens (31.84-78.80%) and unidentified operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of Pseudomonas (7.56-45.27%). After manufacture, both with and without L. monocytogenes-contaminated unpasteurized milk, Gouda cheese was dominated by starter culture bacteria (including Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, lactis, lactis bv. diacetylactis, and Streptococcus thermophilus), in addition to unassigned members in the taxa L. lactis and Streptococcus. During ripening there was an overall decrease in L. lactis abundance and an increase in the number of taxa with relative abundances >0.1%. After 90-day ripening, a total of 82 and 81 taxa were identified in the Gouda cheese with and without L. monocytogenes, respectively. Of the identified taxa after ripening, 31 (Gouda cheese with L. monocytogenes) and 56 (Gouda cheese without L. monocytogenes) taxa had relative abundances >0.1%; 31 were shared between the two types of Gouda cheese, and 25 were unique to the Gouda cheese without added L. monocytogenes. No unique taxa were identified in the Gouda cheese with the added L. monocytogenes. This study provides information on the dynamics of the bacterial community in Gouda cheese during ripening, both with and without the addition of L. monocytogenes.
Occurrence of a solitary fibrous tumor adjacent to the resection bed of a high-grade meningioma: A case report

Abstract Introduction Solitary Fibrous Tumor (SFT) is a rare aggressive mesenchymal sarcoma derived from aberrantly proliferating blood-vessel pericytes. These neoplasms are typically found in deep soft tissues, however, in rare circumstances, SFT can be found within the central nervous system (CNS). CNS SFT is often confused with meningioma due to similarities on imaging and histology. We present a CNS SFT developing within the resection bed of a previously resected anaplastic meningioma, a diagnosis not previously seen in the literature. Case study This is the case of a 71-year-old man who, following gross total resection and adjuvant radiation of a WHO Grade III anaplastic meningioma in 2016, presented with recurrence of symptoms in 2020. CT imaging showed recurrence of a mass within the previous resection bed. As part of the diagnostic workup, the patient also underwent CT CAP and was found to have multiple pulmonary and skeletal masses. The patient was scheduled for resection of the CNS neoplasm and a single pulmonary mass with histologic investigation of both. Immunohistochemical staining was utilized, diagnosing both masses as SFT. Conclusions The aggressive nature of SFT necessitates a timely diagnosis and resection. Given the imaging similarities between meningioma and SFT a high degree of suspicion is needed in the case of clinical presentation abnormal for meningioma. As these neoplasms develop from different precursor cell lines, immunohistochemical interrogation for the NAB2/STAT6 fusion gene is the gold standard diagnostic strategy as it has been shown to be present in 90–100% of SFT and 0% of meningioma. Given the vascular origin of SFT, we hypothesize that aberrant overproduction of VEGF following the initial resection, in the setting of tissue trauma and resultant angiogenesis, resulted in development of this SFT that then subsequently metastasized outside the CNS.
Remote Methane Sensing System with Retroreflecting Target Tracking

We present a methane sensing system based on chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy. The system is capable of actively tracking a drone-based retroreflector at up to 40m distance. The system has also shown sensitivities of 2.3 ppm-m.
Assessment and Characterization of Welded Mild Steel (E-6013) Using Ultrasonic Testing and Hilbert Huang Transform

All welded parts undergo aging once operated at elevated temperatures. Exposures of structures on elevated temperatures adversely affect the material performance and deteriorate the structure’s toughness. The welded part also develops the high risk of brittle fracture. In order to establish the fracture toughness, it is not always possible to remove the specimen from the service. Therefore, it is desirable to develop an in situ non-destructive testing (NDT) based on ultrasonic testing (UT) method along with advanced signal processing techniques. Ultrasonic testing is an extensively used Non-destructive testing technique that offers improved damage detection capability. The objective of the study is to found a quantitative relation between UT and mechanical properties of welded joint heat treated specimens. The data was acquired from the testing of weld specimens at different levels of temperatures through ultrasonic testing. There is a trend observed between the variation in the UT signal’s characteristics i.e. attenuation and the variation in the mechanical properties. The possible categorization of UT signal in terms of different thermal aging levels has also been explored using Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) on acquired UT signals. The experimental relationships will enable welded specimen toughness prediction solely through in situ ultrasonic testing while the specimen will remain in service.
Monitoring and Medical Treatment of Chronic Thoracic, Abdominal, and Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysms

The majority of patients with chronic thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysms are asymptomatic and are diagnosed incidentally when imaging studies are obtained for other reasons. The identification of aneurysms is facilitated by the implementation of an appropriate screening program for at-risk individuals. Once an aneurysm is identified, a strategy for risk factor reduction, cardiovascular health optimization, and aneurysm surveillance should be employed. For both thoracic and abdominal aortic aneurysms, the timing and modality of surveillance imaging will depend on the initial size of the aortic aneurysm, its location, and its rate of expansion during the surveillance period. The final determination to halt surveillance and recommend operative repair is determined by overall patient health, aneurysm size and location, and anatomical considerations for type of repair.
An Overview of Industrial Design Law Global Development

This paper was written as an introduction and the opening address to the FICPI Symposium on Industrial Designs, and presented at the FICPI Symposium on Designs, Rome, Italy, November 15, 2001.The role of this paper is to give an overview of international industrial design law, including a little history, some current events, and my vision for the future. This paper will identify the players who are making the new law or pressuring for changes.
Effect of Aerobic Priming on the Response of Echinochloa crus-pavonis to Anaerobic Stress (Protein Synthesis and Phosphorylation)

Echinochloa species differ in their ability to germinate and grow in the absence of oxygen. Seeds of Echinochloa crus-pavonis (H.B.K.) Schult do not germinate under anoxia but remain viable for extended periods (at least 30 d) when incubated in an anaerobic environment. E. crus-pavonis can be induced to germinate and grow in an anaerobic environment if the seeds are first subjected to a short (1–18 h) exposure to aerobic conditions (aerobic priming). Changes in polypeptide patterns (constitutive and de novo synthesized) and protein phosphorylation induced by aerobic priming were investigated. In the absence of aerobic priming protein degradation was not evident under anaerobic conditions, although synthesis of a 20-kD polypeptide was induced. During aerobic priming, however, synthesis of 37- and 55-kD polypeptides was induced and persisted upon return of the seeds to anoxia. Furthermore, phosphorylation of two 18-kD polypeptides was observed only in those seeds that were labeled with 32PO4 during the aerobic priming period. Subsequent chasing in an anaerobic environment resulted in a decrease in phosphorylation of these polypeptides. Likewise, phosphorylation of the 18-kD polypeptides was not observed if the seeds were labeled in an anaerobic atmosphere. These results suggest that the regulated induction of the 20-, 37-, and 55-kD polypeptides may be important for anaerobic germination and growth of E. crus-pavonis and that the specific phosphorylation of the 18-kD polypeptides may be a factor in regulating this induction.
Climatology of the upper mesosphere temperature above South Pole (90°S): Mesospheric cooling during 2002

[1] Polar mesospheric temperature measurements obtained above South Pole from 1991 through 2002 are shown, and their long-term behavior -climatology- has been deduced. The variation of this temperature during the polar night shows an annual amplitude of 14 K about the mean yearly value. A strong and highly significant correlation is found between the mean yearly temperature and the solar activity -expressed as the F10.7 flux-, giving a 13 K change per 100 unit F10.7 change. The mean measured 2002 polar night temperatures are about 35 K cooler than the mean for the previous 11 years and well outside their excursions about this mean. This observed mesospheric cooling is in keeping with the disturbed lower atmosphere reported for this period. Other effects from the latter include both a smaller austral ozone depletion hole than has been recorded in previous years and higher than average minimum temperatures in the south polar region. The observed mesospheric cooling resembles the cooling observed at Northern midlatitudes during stratospheric warmings.
Cracking the Code for Thyroid Hormone Signaling

Cells are not passive bystanders in the process of hormonal signaling and instead can actively customize hormonal action. While diffusing from the plasma membrane to the nucleus, thyroid hormone is modified via the action of thioredoxin fold–containing selenoenzymes known as deiodinases. Whereas the type II deiodinase (D2) converts the prohormone thyroxine (T4) to the biologically active T3, the type III deiodinase (D3) converts it to reverse T3, an inactive metabolite. D3 also inactivates T3 to T2, terminating thyroid hormone action. Therefore, D2 provides cells with the ability to produce extra amounts of T3 and thus enhances thyroid hormone signaling. In contrast, expression of D3 results in the opposite action. In addition, the D2 protein is unique in that it can be switched off and on via an ubiquitin-regulated mechanism, triggered by catalysis of T4. Induction of D2 enhances local thyroid hormone signaling and energy expenditure during activation of brown adipose tissue by cold exposure or high fat diet. On the other hand, induction of D3 in myocardium and brain during ischemia and hypoxia decreases energy expenditure as part of a homeostatic mechanism to slow down cell metabolism in the face of limited O2 supply.
Bounds on the efficiency of two-stage group testing

In biotechnology screening applications for peptide and cDNA libraries and for monoclonal antibody generation, there are severe limitations on the number of stages of group testing that can be performed. The authors provide exact formulas for the screening efficiency of several such assaying strategies, including the popular rows-and-columns technique. Also, they upper bound the maximum efficiency of any two-stage strategy and use random test selection to show that there exist two-stage group tests that perform close to the authors' upper bounds.
They Wear the Mask: Hypervulnerability and Hypermasculine Aggression Among African American Males in an Urban Remedial Disciplinary School

Abstract Interpersonal violence represents a serious health risk for African American male adolescents, especially those in urban environments. Given the nature of potentially high-stress inner-city contexts, perhaps it is not surprising that many young Black males engage in hypermasculine behavior, particularly aggression, to cope and earn respect from peers. Using theoretical frameworks that appreciate cultural, developmental, and gender differences, this study examines relationships between the hypervulnerable qualities of depression, rejection sensitivity, and fear and the hypermasculine outcome of aggression among young Black males in a remedial disciplinary context. Results suggested that depression and rejection sensitivity significantly correlated with anger- and aggression-related responses and can be argued to be potential exacerbators of aggression among these youth. Implications for anti-aggression intervention efforts with young Black males in urban contexts are discussed.
Non-motile sperm cell separation using a spiral channel

Microfluidic sperm sorting has historically relied on sperm motility. However, a motility-based sperm separation technology will not work when viable, non-motile sperm need to be separated from other tissues as occurs when performing testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and microdissection testicular sperm extraction (mTESE) techniques. This work demonstrates the use of inertial microfluidics technology using spiral channels to separate sperm from blood cells. The separation method, which is label-free, does not rely on sperm motility for sorting. Basic principles of spiral channel separations were used to design a specific channel and flow parameters for separating non-motile sperm from blood. The spiral channels dimensions were: initial radius, 0.7 cm; final radius, 0.899 cm; channel width, 150 μm; channel height, 50 μm; turns of spiral, 4 turns; and space between channels, 310 μm. If sperm are modeled as a 5 μm sphere, inertial microfluidics theory suggests that the sperm could be focused and separated from red blood cells (RBCs). Channels to implement these features were validated in a series of experiments. Mixed samples of RBCs and sperm were used to test the sperm separation capability of the device with the sample injection flow rate ranging from 0.1–0.52 ml min−1. After running the sample through the spiral channel, the samples were collected from four outlets and were inspected using microscopy. The best results were obtained at a 0.52 ml min−1 flow rate and generated a concentration ratio of 81%, representing the percent of sperm collected from the two outer outlets. For the same conditions, 99% of RBCs were collected from the two inner wall outlets. Using a high speed scanner, we were able to observe the focusing of the RBCs and general focusing of the sperm. As the sperm are not a uniform shape, they did not focus in a tight band, but were collected in a general region of the channel. Nevertheless, the purification ratio for these sperm was sufficient to greatly enhance the likelihood of finding rare sperm in TESE/mTESE samples containing millions of blood cells. Sequentially processing of the samples in the system proved to further improve the ratio of sperm to blood cells.
Neuromuscular Disease Causing Acute Respiratory Failure

In the developed world, Guillain-Barre syndrome and myasthenia gravis account for the majority of cases of acute respiratory failure associated with neuromuscular disease. The 4 components that contribute to respiratory failure are upper-airway dysfunction, inspiratory-muscle weakness, expiratory-muscle weakness, and the pulmonary complications associated with these conditions. Careful observation and objective monitoring are essential to determine the appropriate timing of intubation and mechanical ventilation. Pulmonary function tests that can help predict the need for mechanical ventilation include vital capacity, peak inspiratory pressure, and peak expiratory pressure. The morbidity and mortality of patients who require mechanical ventilation are not insubstantial. This paper will review the mechanisms underlying acute respiratory failure, the clinical assessment of patients, the predictors of the need for mechanical ventilation, and the intensive-care-unit morbidity and mortality of patients with Guillain-Barre syndrome or myasthenia gravis.
Anti-Abortion Activism In The U.S. And France: Comparing Opportunity Environments Of Rescue Tactics

We explore how opportunity environments, conceptualized to include political-legal and cultural components, help explain the trajectories of movement tactics and frames employed in differing contexts. Using data from interviews, newspaper accounts, and web sites, we document how opportunity environments affected the trajectory of "rescue" tactics and frames. When abortion opponents in France attempted to block access to abortion providers in order to "rescue unborn children, " the tactic and associated frames met with a different fate than in the U.S. The legal context under which abortion was available in each nation affected the use of specific direct action tactics. Also, how abortion was culturally constructed and embedded—its "cultural opportunity structure"—affected responses to rescue by pro-life activists, the media, and the countermovement.
A density functional study of the structures and energetics of small hetero-atomic silicon–carbon nanoclusters

Abstract The theoretical formalism of local density approximation (LDA) to density functional theory (DFT) has been used to study the electronic and geometric structures of SimCn (1≤m, n≤4) clusters. An all electron 6-311++G** basis set has been used and complete geometry optimizations of different possible structures for a specific cluster have been carried out. Comparisons of the structures and the stabilities of the clusters and their dependence on cluster sizes and stoichiometry have been performed in detail. Binding energies, fragmentation energies, vibrational frequencies, HOMO–LUMO gaps, vertical ionization potentials and vertical electron affinities of the optimized clusters have been investigated and reported in detail. Clusters with equal numbers of silicon and carbon atoms are found to be particularly stable. In particular, based on the simultaneous criteria of high binding energy, high band gap, high ionization potential, and low electron affinity, we believe that Si3C3 is a candidate for a highly stable or a so-called ‘magic cluster’. Results have been compared with other experimental and theoretical results available in the literature.
Candidate cool-season legumes for filling forage deficit periods in the southern great plains

This study was conducted to determine seasonal forage production and nutritive value of the cool-season annual legumes grasspea (Lathyrus sativus L. cv. AC-Greenfix) and lentil (Lens culinaris Med. cv. Indianhead) grown to fill the spring forage deficit period of the southern Great Plains. Data were collected from March to June in 2001 through 2003 at the USDA-ARS Grazinglands Research Laboratory, El Reno, OK. Seeds of each species was inoculated and planted (60-cm row spacing) annually on 15 March (75 kg ha -1 for grasspea; 25 kg ha -1 for lentil) in 60-m -2 plots. Aboveground biomass was collected on five dates [45-95 d after seeding (DAS)], dried 60 h at 60 to 65°C, weighed, and used to calculate aboveground standing crop. Samples were ground (1.0 mm) and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and in vitro digestible dry matter (IVDDM) concentrations. Standing crop and N concentration showed significant (P = 0.05) interactions between DAS, cultivars and years. Differences were detected for DAS X cultivar and DAS x year interactions for IVDDM concentration (P = 0.05). Grasspea outperformed lentil and reached its maximum yield of 6415 vs. 2013 kg ha -1 , respectively, on 75 DAS before declining. Nitrogen concentration (23-55 g kg -1 ) and IVDDM (786 ± 3 g kg -1 ) of the two cultivars were similar during the growing season. The higher level of production gives grasspea greater potential as a component of wheat-based (Triticum aestivum L.) forage systems in the southern Great Plains, particularly for filling the deficit period during late spring.
Configuration interaction and spin−orbit coupling in the fox−Herzberg system of C2

Abstract Spin-orbit coupling constants have been obtained for the e3Πg state of C2 from a remeasurement of several bands of the e3Πg-a3Πu band system and a reanalysis of these and other previously published measurements. The spin-orbit constants Av of the upper state are small, and the change of Av with v is anomalously large. This behavior is consistent with the assumption of a large change in orbital configuration for the e state, as predicted by ab initio calculations.
Chiefs in Israel

This essay examines the transitional period between the time of tribal organization and the emergence of full monarchy in ancient Israel. It studies the stages of development through which the nati...
Lipid Polymorphism Induced by Surfactant Peptide SP-B1-25

Pulmonary surfactant protein B (SP-B) is an essential protein for lowering surface tension in the alveoli. SP-B(1-25), a peptide comprised of the N-terminal 25 amino-acid residues of SP-B, is known to retain much of the biological activity of SP-B. Circular dichroism has shown that when SP-B(1-25) interacts with negatively charged lipid vesicles, it contains significant helical structure for the lipid compositions and peptide/lipid ratios studied here. The effect of SP-B(1-25) on lipid organization and polymorphisms was investigated via DSC, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. At 1-3 mol% peptide and physiologic temperature, SP-B(1-25) partitions at the interface of negatively charged PC/PG lipid bilayers. In lipid mixtures containing 1-5 mol% peptide, the structure of SP-B(1-25) remains constant, but (2)H and (31)P NMR spectra show the presence of an isotropic lipid phase in exchange with the lamellar phase below the T(m) of the lipids. This behavior is observed for both DPPC/POPG and POPC/POPG lipid mixtures as well as for both the PC and PG components of the mixtures. For 1-3 mol% SP-B(1-25), a return to a single lamellar phase above the lipid mixture T(m) is observed, but for 5 mol% SP-B(1-25) a significant isotropic component is observed at physiologic temperatures for DPPC and exchange broadening is observed in (2)H and (31)P NMR spectra of the other lipid components in the two mixtures. DLS and TEM rule out the formation of micellar structures and suggest that SP-B(1-25) promotes the formation of a fluid isotropic phase. The ability of SP-B(1-25) to fuse lipid lamellae via this mechanism, particularly those enriched in DPPC, suggests a specific role for the highly conserved N-terminus of SP-B in the packing of lipid lamellae into surfactant lamellar bodies or in stabilizing multilayer structures at the air-liquid interface. Importantly, this behavior has not been seen for the other SP-B fragments of SP-B(8-25) and SP-B(59-80), indicating a critical role for the proline rich first seven amino acids in this protein.
The thermodynamics of physical and magnetic changes to AMR sensors from EOS at variable pulse widths

Damage from Electrostatic Over-Stress (EOS) to shielded anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors used for magnetic tape storage devices were studied using square wave voltage pulses. Changes to the sensor's physical and magnetic properties were measured after each of a number of sequential pulses. The change in sensor resistance and magnetic amplitude and asymmetry were each fit to a thermodynamic model. Two processes were observed: Annealing and degradation, with respective activation energies of 2.1plusmn0.1 eV and 2.9plusmn0.1 eV. The annealing was associated with a slight decrease in sensor resistance and an increase in AMR asymmetry. The degradation was associated with a decrease in AMR asymmetry and amplitude, and an increase in sensor resistance.
Presence and severity of constipation in hospice patients with advanced cancer

Although constipation is a problem commonly seen in hospice patients it is not often addressed in the literature as a target symptom needing management. The purpose of this study was to assess the levels of self-reported constipation in a group of patients with advanced cancer at admission to hospice and two weeks and one month after admission. The constipation assessment scale (CAS) measured the presence and intensity of constipation. Comparisons between time points were not possible, but trends seem to indicate that patient symptoms are not being successfully managed.
Sprouting Damage and Kernel Color Relationships in Durum Wheat

Sprout damage resulting from rainfall prior to harvest is a serious quality problem in durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum). Field experiments were conducted in Fargo and Langdon, ND during 1984 and 1985 to determine if random intermating would reduce the association between red kernel color and preharvest dormancy in populations derived from the hybridization of amber-seeded «Vic» and PD44
Effective thermal conductivity of uniaxial composite with cylindrically orthotropic carbon fibers and interfacial thermal barrier

The theories of Hasselman et al. and Benveniste et al. were extended to derive expressions for the longitudinal and transverse effective thermal conductivity of an isotropic matrix uniaxially reinf...
Faculty and the 21st century student in USA higher education

The present student body in higher educations is very diverse and of a wide range of preparedness. Faculties are challenged to reflect on their teaching and the concerns and need of their students. Student assessments reveal critical thinking skills, problem solving skills and motivation and help faculty develop better instructional designs. Introductory courses in programming are of great consternation to faculty and student alike. Ideas to revise present introductory course in programming is presented.
Assessing and Monitoring Student Progress in an E-Learning Personnel Preparation Environment.

E-learning has emerged as a form of pedagogy and as a delivery system with broad implications for meeting personnel needs nationally in special education. At present, it is important to make investments in research and development to ensure that this new pedagogy becomes fully developed and is appropriately applied. Assessment and monitoring of student progress in e-learning environments is an important element of this new form of pedagogy that requires research attention to maximize the effectiveness of e-learning when applied to teacher education. The authors draw upon their personal online teaching experience in addressing strategies for assessing student performance and using electronic portfolios in e-learning erevironments, both presented as integral aspects of e-learning instructional process. Perspectives from the literature and lessons learned from the authors are also shared.
The motion of rodlike particles in the pressure-driven flow between two flat plates

The motion of freely suspended rodlike particles has been observed in the pressure-driven flow between the two flat plates of a Hele Shaw flow cell at low Reynolds numbers. Data are reported for rodlike particles with aspect ratios of 12.0 suspended in a Newtonian fluid for gap thickness to particle length ratios of 3, 6, and 20; and for rodlike particles with aspect ratios between 5 and 8 in a non-Newtonian fluid (79.25 wt.% water, 20.2 wt.% glycerine, and 0.55 wt.% polyacrylamide). For the Newtonian fluid, the time-dependent orientation of the particles near and far from walls was shown to be in quantitative agreement with Jeffery's theory for ellipsoids suspended in a simple shear flow if an effective aspect ratio is calculated from the experimental period of rotation. Particles aligned with the flow direction and less than a particle half-length from a wall interacted irreversibly with the wall. For the non-Newtonian fluid, the timedependent orientation far from a wall was shown to be in qualitative agreement with Leal's theory for a second-order fluid; however, particles that were aligned with the flow direction and were near walls did not rotate.
Experimental Verification of Source Temperature Modulation via a Thermal Switch in Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting

This paper provides a description of research seeking to experimentally verify the effectiveness of a thermal switch used in series with TE devices for waste heat recovery for constant and variable source heat input, and for variable source thermal capacitance (mass). Using an experimental set-up comprised serially of a fixed heat source, a variable thermal resistance air gap serving as a thermal switch, a thermoelectric device and a heat sink mounted on a translation stage, the time-averaged power output to power input ratios improved up to 15% and 30% respectively for constant and variable heat input in certain design space conditions. The experimental results, as supported by model predictions, suggest that the thermal capacitance of the heat source must be greater than the thermal capacitance of the TE device in order for thermal switching to improve the time-averaged power output to power input ratios of waste heat recovery systems.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Cannabinoid effects on plasma corticosterone and uptake of 3H-corticosterone by mouse brain

Abstract The effects of three cannabinoids, 11-hyddroxy- Δ 9 -tetrahydracannabinol (11-OH- Δ 9 -THC), Δ 9 -THC and cannabinol (CBN), ranging in behavioral activity from high to low, were studied on two aspects of pituitary-adrenal function. Plasma corticosterone levels were used as an index of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) release. All three cannabinoids elicited an increase in plasma corticosterone levels in a mannger similr to their behavioral potency. These cannabinoids also elicited an increase in the concentration of 3 H-corticosterone taken up by the brains of adrenalectomized mice in a mannger similar to their potency in elevating plasma corticosterone levels. The significance and possible underlying mechanism of the apparent correlation resulting between these effects and the behavioral effects of cannabionoids are discussed.
Using LED sources to selectively heat blood for enhanced mid-IR imaging of vascular structures

We present experimental results that demonstrate the ability of mid-IR imaging to map blood vessels 0.75cm deep in muscle tissue. Selective heating of the blood with LED sources provides the contrast in these mid-IR images.
Role of parental occupation in autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and severity.

Abstract Some have suggested that parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may present with less recognizable autistic-like phenotypic characteristics, leading them to highly systemizing occupations. Using secondary analysis of data from two previous studies of children with ASD, we tested associations between parental occupations and ASD diagnosis and the association of parental occupational characteristics on ASD severity. We found that fathers in healthcare (P