cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The power to control time: Power influences how much time (you think) you have

Abstract Time, because of its unrenewable nature, has often been called an equalizing resource. Though objectively, time is identical for everyone, time perception has been found to be a subjective experience that can be distorted by psychological cues; however, little research has examined individual and situational factors that influence time availability. Based on past research on power and illusory control, we hypothesized that powerful individuals would perceive having more available time as a consequence of their perceived control over time. Five studies experimentally demonstrated that power increases perceptions of available time, and that perceived control over time underlies this effect (Study 3). Finally, we provided initial evidence that increases in perceived time availability lead powerful individuals to feel less stressed (Study 5).
Determinants of Dirac operators and Thirring model partition functions on Riemann surfaces with boundaries

The partition function of the Thirring model on a Riemann surface with boundaries is calculated using the method of Freedman and Pilch by introducing an auxiliary vector potential in the path integral of fermion representation. The Hodge decomposition on manifolds with boundaries is used to integrate over the harmonic forms. The result agrees with the bosonized calculation. The determinants of Dirac operators with mixed Neveu-Schwarz and Ramond boundary conditions are expressed in terms of the Riemann ϑ-functions of the doubled surface.
Mercury Resonance Radiation in the High-Current, Low-Pressure Discharge

The dependence of the intensities of the 1849- and 2537-A resonance lines on current density, in the range 0.2–2 A/cm2, Hg pressure 10−3–0.5 torr, and discharge-tube diameter 10–25 mm, have been measured. The intensities nearly saturate at about 2 A/cm2. Absolute output at 1849 A, measured photochemically, is consistent with the results of B. T. Barnes. The dependence of this output on the measured parameters make this discharge a good absolute flux-density standard at 1849 A.
Can structured programs be efficient

By using a new method for comparing the power of control structures, we give evidence that there are provable quantitative differences among various control structures. The key result discussed in this note states that there are natural goto programs which can only be simulated by structured programs that are either very large or very slow.
Interactive model-based vehicle tracking

This paper describes an interactive model-based vision system for vehicle tracking. A human specifies a limited amount of information in the form of object models, which establish a context for autonomous interpretation of scenes containing moving vehicles. Results are presented from several image sequences shot with hand-held uncalibrated cameras.
Increased transfusion-free survival following auxiliary pig liver xenotransplantation.

Background Pig to baboon liver xenotransplantation typically results in severe thrombocytopenia and coagulation disturbances, culminating in death from hemorrhage within 9 days, in spite of continuous transfusions. We studied the contribution of anticoagulant production and clotting pathway deficiencies to fatal bleeding in baboon recipients of porcine livers. Methods By transplanting liver xenografts from α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout (GalT-KO) miniature swine donors into baboons as auxiliary organs, leaving the native liver in place, we provided the full spectrum of primate clotting factors and allowed in vivo mixing of porcine and primate coagulation systems. Results Recipients of auxiliary liver xenografts develop severe thrombocytopenia, comparable to recipients of conventional orthotopic liver xenografts and consistent with hepatic xenograft sequestration. However, baboons with both pig and native livers do not exhibit clinical signs of bleeding and maintain stable blood counts without transfusion for up to 8 consecutive days post-transplantation. Instead, recipients of auxiliary liver xenografts undergo graft failure or die of sepsis, associated with thrombotic microangiopathy in the xenograft, but not the native liver. Conclusion Our data indicate that massive hemorrhage in the setting of liver xenotransplantation might be avoided by supplementation with primate clotting components. However, coagulation competent hepatic xenograft recipients may be predisposed to graft loss related to small vessel thrombosis and ischemic necrosis.
Plausible reasoning theory in reliability-centered maintenance analysis

Reliability-centered maintenance (RCM) is a powerful method for choosing optimal maintenance tactics. By itself, though, the method misses opportunities to deploy expert-level knowledge to the maintenance people performing the analysis. Existing software approaches that attempt to fill this gap, such as expert systems, have numerous drawbacks and in some cases can be detrimental, causing the user to develop a false sense of security. Plausible reasoning theory suggests ways that evidence can be gathered and used efficiently to draw conclusions about maintenance tactics. In conjunction, Bayesian belief networks can be used to capture in software the reasoning strategy suggested by plausible reasoning theory. The author created prototype software using these theories and approaches. The resulting software represents a model of RCM logic and allows the user to work with the model to produce effective results. During the entire analysis process, the user can see instantly the effect that various inputs have on the resulting recommendations. Users are able to pursue the most promising paths of reasoning, arriving at the best RCM solution quickly.
Basic parameter measurement and channel broadening effect in the submicrometer MOSFET

An improved measurement technique of the basic MOSFET parameters is presented. This method is based on the measured data of two identical devices with different channel lengths. The effect of series resistance and channel length can be separated from the mobility measurement. This is the only method in which it has been proved that mobility can be measured on a short channel device. A new technique of channel length and series resistance is done by the measurement of newly defined quantity, R T K, which is the equivalent channel length that includes the effect of series resistance. Because of the success of this measurement method, a new phenomena, which we call channel broadening effect, was investigated. Its effects on the submicrometer device characteristics were investigated.
Pedagogical Tools to Address Clinical Anatomy and Athletic Training Student Learning Styles

Context: A thorough knowledge of anatomy is needed in four of the six domains of athletic training: prevention, injury/ condition recognition, immediate care, and treatment/rehabilitation. Students with a solid foundation can achieve competency in these specific domains. Objective: To provide educators with pedagogical tools to promote a deeper understanding of the human body and its relationship with athletic injuries Background: Research demonstrates that there is no one dominant learning style among athletic training students, and therefore, educators are encouraged to utilize and expose students to a variety of teaching strategies. Throughout the athletic training literature, there are a host of pedagogic tools that can help encourage independent thinking, cognitive knowledge, and skill application. The same techniques can be tailored to increase human anatomy knowledge and application. Additionally, most curriculums do not have the ability to create a class solely dedicated to human anatomy. Therefore, it is important to incorporate as many learning opportunities within existing curriculums to help student learning. Description: Discourse, puzzles, open discussion, and simulations are teaching methods that can be utilized in existing curriculums to further facilitate anatomical knowledge. Clinical Advantages: Students who have a solid background in human anatomy will demonstrate a stronger understanding and apply their knowledge within four of the six domains of athletic training. Conclusions: Educators can use a variety of teaching techniques in order to develop a student’s acquisition and retention of anatomical knowledge. The use of multiple educational techniques can not only address a student’s strengths as a learner but also challenge them by impelling them to address their weaknesses as a learner. It will also encourage practical application of anatomy when evaluating and treating athletic injuries.
Generation of Nonracemic 2‐(t‐Butyldimethylsilyloxy)‐3‐butynyllithium from (S)‐Ethyl Lactate:

(S)-4-(Butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-pentynal (S)-Ethyl 2-(-tert-butyldimethoxysiloxy)propanoate Rochelle salt DIBAL-H (S)-2-(tert-Butyldimethylsiloxy)propanal 1-Dichloro-(3S)-(tert-butyldimethylsiloxy)-2-butyl p-toluenesulfonate Keywords: platinum catalyst; palladium catalyst; cross coupling; one-pot hydroacrylation; heptyne; E-1-(1-Heptenyl)-4-methoxybenzene; waste disposal; aryl iodides; 1-alkynes; terminal alkynes
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Barium Titanate Thin Films on Titanium Metal Substrates

Well crystallized polycrystalline films of cubic BaTiO 3 have been synthesized on Ti metal substrates by the hydrothermal reaction of Ti metal with Ba(OH) 2 in the temperature range 80°C-200°C. The films have been synthesized on Ti foil and also on Ti sputtered Si and polymer substrates. The crystallinity, microstructure and electrical properties depend critically on the nature of the substrate.
Interference of redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus), Palmer amaranth (A. palmeri), and common waterhemp (A. rudis) in soybean

Abstract Field studies were conducted in 1997 and 1998 at Manhattan and Topeka, KS, to examine the competitive effects of redroot pigweed, Palmer amaranth, and common waterhemp on soybean yield. The experiments were established as a randomized complete block design in a factorial arrangement of three pigweed species, two pigweed planting dates (soybean planting and cotyledon stage), and seven weed densities (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 8 plants m−1 of row, plus a weed-free control). The effect of weed density on soybean yield loss, pigweed biomass, and pigweed seed production were described using a rectangular hyperbola model. Soybean yield loss varied between locations depending on the weed species, density, and time of emergence. Yield loss increased with weed density for each species and location with the first pigweed emergence time. The maximum soybean yield loss occurred at the first planting and 8 plants m−1 of row density, and was 78.7, 56.2, and 38.0% as determined by the model for Palmer amaranth, c...
Intraocular pressure and aqueous humor flow during a euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic clamp in patients with type 1 diabetes and microvascular complications.

Microvascular complications, including retinopathy and nephropathy are seen with type 1 diabetes. It is unknown whether functional changes in aqueous humor flow or intraocular pressure (IOP) develop in parallel with these complications. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that clinical markers of microvascular complications coexist with the alteration in aqueous humor flow and IOP. Ten patients with type 1 diabetes and ten healthy age- and weight-matched controls were studied. Aqueous flow was measured by fluorophotometry during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (insulin 2 mU/kg/min). Intraocular pressure was measured by tonometry at -10, 90 and 240 minutes from the start of the clamp, and outflow facility was measured by tonography at 240 minutes. During conditions of identical glucose and insulin concentrations, mean aqueous flow was lower by 0.58 μl/min in the diabetes group compared to controls (2.58 ± 0.65 versus 3.16 ± 0.66 μl/min, respectively, mean ± SD, p = 0.07) but statistical significance was not reached. Before the clamp, IOP was higher in the diabetes group (22.6 ± 3.0 mm Hg) than in the control group (19.3 ± 1.8 mm Hg, p = 0.01) but at 90 minutes into the clamp, and for the remainder of the study, IOP was reduced in the diabetes group to the level of the control group. Ocular pulse amplitude and outflow facility were not different between groups. Systolic blood pressure was significantly higher in the diabetes group, but diastolic and mean arterial pressures were not different. We conclude that compared to healthy participants, patients with type 1 diabetes having microalbuminuria and retinopathy have higher IOPs that are normalized by hyperinsulinemia. During the clamp, a reduction in aqueous flow was not statistically significant.
Probing the Interaction Between Inactivation Gating and dd-Sotalol Block of HERG

Potassium channels encoded by HERG underlie I:(Kr), a sensitive target for most class III antiarrhythmic drugs, including methanesulfonanilides such as Dd-sotalol. Recently it was shown that these drugs are trapped in the channel as it closes during hyperpolarization. At the same time, HERG channels rapidly open and inactivate when depolarized, and methanesulfonanilide block is known to develop in a use-dependent manner, suggesting a potential role for inactivation in drug binding. However, the role of HERG inactivation in class III drug action is uncertain: pore mutations that remove inactivation reduce block, yet many of these mutations also modify the channel permeation properties and could alter drug affinity through gating-independent mechanisms. In the present study, we identify a definitive role for inactivation gating in Dd-sotalol block of HERG, using interventions complementary to mutagenesis. These interventions (addition of extracellular Cd(2+), removal of extracellular Na(+)) modify the voltage dependence of inactivation but not activation. In normal extracellular solutions, block of HERG current by 300 micromol/L Dd-sotalol reached 80% after a 10-minute period of repetitive depolarization to +20 mV. Maneuvers that impeded steady-state inactivation also reduced Dd-sotalol block of HERG: 100 micromol/L Cd(2+) reduced steady-state block to 55% at +20 mV (P:<0.05); removing extracellular Na(+) reduced block to 44% (P:<0.05). An inactivation-disabling mutation (G628C-S631C) reduced Dd-sotalol block to only 11% (P:<0.05 versus wild type). However, increasing the rate of channel inactivation by depolarizing to +60 mV reduced Dd-sotalol block to 49% (P:<0.05 versus +20 mV), suggesting that the drug does not primarily bind to the inactivated state. Coexpression of MiRP1 with HERG had no effect on inactivation gating and did not modify Dd-sotalol block. We postulate that Dd-sotalol accesses its receptor in the open pore, and the drug-receptor interaction is then stabilized by inactivation. Whereas deactivation traps the bound methanesulfonanilide during hyperpolarization, we propose that HERG inactivation stabilizes the drug-receptor interaction during membrane depolarization.
Phospholipase A2 regulation of bovine endometrial (BEND) cell prostaglandin production.

Background Prostaglandins (PG), produced by the uterine endometrium, are key regulators of several reproductive events, including estrous cyclicity, implantation, pregnancy maintenance and parturition. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) catalyzes the release of arachidonic acid from membrane phospholipids, the rate-limiting step in PG biosynthesis. The bovine endometrial (BEND) cell line has served as a model system for investigating regulation of signaling mechanisms involved in uterine PG production but information concerning the specific PLA2 enzymes involved and their role in regulation of this process is limited. The objectives of this investigation were to evaluate the expression and activities of calcium-dependent group IVA (PLA2G4A) and calcium-independent group VI (PLA2G6) enzymes in the regulation of BEND cell PG production.
Cutting-set methods for robust convex optimization with pessimizing oracles

We consider a general worst-case robust convex optimization problem, with arbitrary dependence on the uncertain parameters, which are assumed to lie in some given set of possible values. We describe a general method for solving such a problem, which alternates between optimization and worst-case analysis. With exact worst-case analysis, the method is shown to converge to a robust optimal point. With approximate worst-case analysis, which is the best we can do in many practical cases, the method seems to work very well in practice, subject to the errors in our worst-case analysis. We give variations on the basic method that can give enhanced convergence, reduce data storage, or improve other algorithm properties. Numerical simulations suggest that the method finds a quite robust solution within a few tens of steps; using warm-start techniques in the optimization steps reduces the overall effort to a modest multiple of solving a nominal problem, ignoring the parameter variation. The method is illustrated with several application examples.
Spring-seeded smother plants for weed control in corn and soybean

ABSTRACT: Considerable interest exists in the development of alternate weed management options. Spring-seeded smother plants may provide an alternative to current weed management practices through management of interplant competition and surface residues. Experiments were conducted in corn and soybeans in 1995 and 1996 at Sioux Center and Ames, IA. Caliph medic, Santiago medic, Sava medic, Berseem clover, and yellow mustard were evaluated as potential smother plants. The smother plants were seeded and incorporated in a 25-cm-wide band over the crop row immediately after crop planting. Weed suppression ranged from 19 to 90% among the smother plant species. The effect of smother plants on corn and soybean yields varied among locations, years, smother plant species, and weed pressure. In some instances, yields with smother plants were equal to weed-free crop;, while at other times yields were as low as the weedy crop. These results imply that smother plants have potential for weed control. However, more research is needed to reduce variability and to gain more insight on biological, management, and competitive interactions among weeds, smother plants, and the harvested crop.
Geochronology and geochemistry of zircon from the northern Western Gneiss Region: Insights into the Caledonian tectonic history of western Norway

Abstract The Western Gneiss Region (WGR) of Norway is divided by the More-Trondelag shear zone (MTSZ) into a southern region that contains domains of Caledonian ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphic rocks (> 2.5 GPa) and a northern area of similar Caledonian-aged rocks that record a maximum pressure reported thus far of ~1.5 GPa. Although both regions contain similar lithologies (primarily migmatitic quartzofeldspathic gneiss containing mafic lenses) and structural relationship of basement rocks to infolded nappes, this difference in maximum pressure implies a difference in tectonic history (continental subduction south of the shear zone, none to the north) and raises questions about the role of the MTSZ in the metamorphic history (including exhumation) of the WGR. Previous geochronology results indicated a difference in timing of peak metamorphism (older in north, younger in south). In order to better understand the tectonic history of the northern WGR and the MTSZ, and in particular the late- to post-Caledonian tectonic history, U–Pb zircon geochronology and trace-element abundances were obtained using the split-stream, laser-ablation ICPMS technique from metabasaltic lenses and migmatitic quartzofeldspathic host rocks from the structurally lowest exposed region of the northern WGR (Roan Peninsula basement), as well as leucosomes from an intercalated portion of the Seve Nappe Complex and a pegmatite in the MTSZ. Zircon from Roan gneiss and metabasite yield metamorphic ages of ca. 410–406 Ma, and zircon from a variety of migmatite samples (foliation-parallel leucosome to dikes) indicate melt crystallization at ca. 410 to 405 Ma. The Seve Nappe leucosomes yield only early Caledonian dates that cluster at ca. 437 Ma and ca. 465 Ma, suggesting that the allochthons in this region did not experience (or record) the same Scandian tectonic history as the basement rocks. Zircon from a weakly deformed pegmatite dike within the MTSZ crystallized at ca. 404 Ma, indicating that this shear zone was active during the end-stages of high-grade metamorphism in both the southern and northern WGR domains. Results of this study show that the northern and southern WGR experienced a coeval Scandian metamorphic, magmatic and deformation history, despite a possible difference in maximum P–T conditions.
Some Trends in Teacher-Training Curricula

(1935). Some Trends in Teacher-Training Curricula. The Journal of Health and Physical Education: Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 3-60.
Chapter 1: Inclusion by Design, Thinking Beyond a Civil Rights Paradigm - Land Use Law and Disability: Planning and Zoning for Accessible Communities

In Land Use Law and Disability: Planning and Zoning for Accessible Communities (Cambridge University Press 2015), I argue that our communities need better planning to be safely and easily navigated by people with mobility impairment and to facilitate intergenerational aging in place. To achieve this, communities will need to think of mobility impairment and accessible design as land use and planning issues, in addition to understanding them as matters of civil and constitutional rights. Although much has been written about the rights of people with disabilities, little has been said about the interplay between disability and land use regulation. This book undertakes to explain mobility impairment, as one type of disability, in terms of planning and zoning. This involves examining disability in relation to the police power. Coverage goes beyond matters of universal design and focuses on the special legal requirements for planning and zoning when disability is raised; including the requirements for regulating use, special use permits, variances, and accessory uses. Much like situations involving a tension between zoning and the First Amendment, the standards of review when zoning collides with the ADA (Americans with Disability Act) require additional considerations in order to be legally upheld. The goal of the book is to advance our understanding of disability in terms of planning and zoning and to thereby facilitate cooperative engagement between disability rights advocates and land use professionals. Chapter one of the book, titled “Inclusion by Design: Thinking Beyond a Civil Rights Paradigm,” is attached with permission of Cambridge University Press and of the author.
Organism Physiology and Behavior

The life cycle of an individual living organism involves initial growth in size and complexity, along with maintenance of its fundamental integrity until its reproductive capability is completed. In this section we shall discuss some of the feedback loops involved in such life cycles, particularly as they relate to the physiology and behavior of animals.
Hydrops associated with chondrodysplasia of the fetus in a miniature Scottish Highland cow.

CASE DESCRIPTION A 2-year-old primiparous miniature Scottish Highland cow with an unknown breeding date was evaluated for suspected hydrops. CLINICAL FINDINGS Transabdominal and transrectal ultrasonographic examination identified a large amount of hypoechoic fluid within an enlarged uterus; the fetus could not be identified. Presence of a severely distended uterus and concerns regarding associated health risks to the cow led to the decision to induce labor. Although fluids were expelled, parturition did not progress further over the following 48 hours. Vaginal examination revealed a partially dilated cervix and an abnormally shaped fetus that was too large to pass vaginally. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Supportive care was provided to the cow, and a stillborn bull calf was delivered by cesarean section. Grossly evident chondrodystrophic dwarfism with hydrocephalus, compatible with so-called bulldog calf malformations, was confirmed by diagnostic imaging and histopathologic evaluation. The cow recovered from surg...
Renal Hypertrophy Factor in Serum of Nephrectomized Rats, with Observations on Species Specificity

SummarySerum from uni- or bilaterally nephrectomized rats, when injected into normal rats, produced increased thymidine incorporation by their kidneys. Serum from uni- and bilaterally nephrectomized dogs, unilaterally nephrectomized man, and patients with advanced renal insufficiency had no effects on rat kidneys. The findings suggest the existence of a species-specific factor in the serum of nephrectomized rats which stimulates renal hypertrophy.
Mechanical Assistance for the Fontan Circulation Using an Intravascular Axial Flow Blood Pump

Research indicates that an afterload reducing agent improves ventricular-vascular interactions and Fontan hemodynamics [1]. Few such therapeutic alternatives exist for the failing Fontan patient beyond conventional pharmacologic therapy. To address this need for therapeutic options, we are developing an intravascular, magnetically levitated axial flow blood pump to support the total cavopulmonary connection (TCPC) of a failing Fontan in adolescent and adult patients [1,2]. Our pump is designed to provide mechanical pressure augmentation of blood flow from the inferior vena cava (IVC) to the lungs, thus improving systemic venous pressure and increasing ventricular filling.© 2010 ASME
Mass Sterilization of Japanese Beetles with Tepa and the Determination of Residues

Male specimens of Popillia japonica Newman, dipped in aqueous solutions of tepa varying from 0.0020 to 2.0%, were effectively sterilized with 0.0625% tepa. Eggs of virgin female beetles paired with these males were 95% sterile, yet the longevity of the treated males was reduced only 15%. Sperm already present in fertilized females were sterilized when the females were dipped in 0.0625% tepa. However, high levels of sterility in female sex cells were obtained only by dipping the females into tepa solutions between 0.5-1.0%. Residues in and on treated male beetles were 2.0 µg per beetle 1.5 hours after treatment and only 0.3µg per beetle after 48 hours.
THE SUPREME COURT AND COMMUNICATION THEORY: CONTRASTING MODELS OF SPEECH EFFICACY

(1980). THE SUPREME COURT AND COMMUNICATION THEORY: CONTRASTING MODELS OF SPEECH EFFICACY. Free Speech Yearbook: Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 1-15.
Electron Paramagnetic Resonance in Semiconductors

The use of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) in the study of defects in semiconductors is briefly reviewed, including group IV (C-diamond, Si, Ge, SiC), III-V (AlSb, GaAs, GaSb, GaP, InAs, InP, InSb), II-VI (BaO, BaS, BeO, CaO, CaS, CaSe, CdO, CdS, CdSe, CdTe, MgO, SrO, SrS, ZnO, ZnS, ZnSe, ZnTe) and miscellaneous svstems. The identification of defects via EPR is described as is the exploitation of that identification as a tool in future studies. Particular attention is paid to Si, where is emerging an integrated panorama of identified defects ranging from point defects to aggregates through intermediate defect configurations (as discussed by Tan) to dislocations and stacking faults; EPR results in Si as a testing ground for the theory of shallow donors, in the understanding of diffusion at high temperatures and in the study of heat-treatment defects are discussed as examples of the use of EPR as a tool in defect studies.
WIP is critical for T cell responsiveness to IL-2 (33.1)

The WASP-interacting protein WIP stabilizes WASP, the product of the gene mutated in Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome. WIP-deficient T cells have low WASP levels, limiting the usefulness of WIP KO mice in defining the role of WIP in T cell function. To define this role, we compared WIP/WASP double knockout (DKO) mice to WASP KO mice on DO11.10 background. T cell development was normal in both strains, but peripheral T cell numbers were significantly decreased in DKO mice. WASP KO T cells proliferated and secreted IL-2 normally in response to OVA peptide (OVAp). In contrast, T cells from DKO mice proliferated poorly in response to OVAp in vitro and cutaneous hapten hypersensitivity was deficient in these mice. DKO T cells up-regulated CD25 expression and secreted normal amounts of IL-2 after antigen stimulation, but had defective response to IL-2, evidenced by failure to further up-regulate CD25 expression, phosphorylate STAT5, and induce expression of STAT5 dependent genes. DKO, but not WASP KO, T cells had a disrupted subcortical actin cytoskeleton and impaired actin polymerization following TCR ligation. These results indicate that WIP is essential for IL-2 signaling and responsiveness in T cells, possibly because of its critical role in TCR-triggered actin cytoskeletal reorganization.
Approach to Clinical and Genetic Characterization of Statin-Induced Myopathy

HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are among the most commonly prescribed medications in the industrialized world. They are generally regarded as safe. Mild myalgias can occur in up to 10 % of patients exposed to statins, but skeletal muscle damage (accompanied by an increase in circulating creatine kinase levels) occurs much less frequently. Clinical predictors of statin-induced rhabdomyolysis (severe muscle damage with end organ failure) include female gender, advanced age, and concomitant medications known to interact with critical pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. The influence of genetic variations has been investigated by candidate gene association studies, genome-wide association studies, and whole-genome sequencing. This chapter summarizes current available approaches to clinical and genetic characterization of statin-related adverse effect.
Introduction to cosmetic surgery.

Patients seeking information on improving their appearance is becoming increasingly popular, and dermatologists are often the first to be consulted. It is therefore important for the dermatologist to acknowledge the patient's concerns and if they are not willing or capable of addressing these needs, one should refer them to an appropriate health care provider. However, if the dermatologist does elect to provide a service, it is crucial not only to obtain the knowledge and technical skill but the mechanism to select and recognize who is an acceptable candidate from both anatomic and psychological perspectives.
The Future of Heart Failure Diagnosis, Therapy, and Management

Over the past 4 decades, patients with heart failure (HF) have derived substantial benefit from the major advances in our understanding of pathophysiology of the HF syndrome, which have led to evolving treatment paradigms. Morbidity and mortality for patients as documented in clinical trials for HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) have steadily decreased, and many patients with this syndrome have also enjoyed improved functional capacity and quality of life. However, there are major unmet needs. Hospital discharges with a primary HF diagnosis, an index of population disease burden and economic impact, remain >1 million annually with little change between 2000 and 2010.1 According to the American Heart Association’s Heart and Stroke Facts,2 the prevalence of HF will increase ≈50% between 2012 and 2030, resulting in >8 million people ≥18 years of age with HF.3 This daunting future reflects the increased prevalence of HF as the population ages, acute myocardial infarction survival improves, and HF survival itself increases at rates that exceed our impact to prevent the development of HF. The national and, indeed, international burden of HF reflects a growing component of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), for which trials have been neutral, in contrast to the progress for HFrEF. These frustrating trial results reflect our incomplete understanding of the more heterogeneous complex of the HFpEF syndrome, which was only defined as an entity more recently. Knowledge in this area has evolved over the past few years, however, suggesting that positive results may be enabled by more targeted treatments rather than broad-brush interventions and a shift in focus to symptoms and daily quality of life as primary outcomes. In this review, we will use the lessons of the recent past to illuminate pathways forward in how the HF syndrome is conceptualized, how we might better …
Undergraduate Robotics Education on a Shoestring

The paper traces the development of the robotics program in the Mechanical Engineering Department at RIT with absolute minimal financial support from the departmental budget. The paper discusses how student robotics projects at local industries have provided real-world problems for students to work on, as well as exposure to state-of-the-art hardware and software that RIT cannot afford. The paper also discusses some of the problems that have been worked out including initiating and maintaining academic/industry relationships, getting students access to equipment to the industrial site, and the question of students’ patent rights. Some typical student projects are discussed.
A phase I study of the CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib plus 5-fluorouracil (5FU) in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies (NCT01522989).

2589Background: We demonstrated in mouse xenografts that CDK4/6 inhibition with palbociclib (P) is synergistic with 5FU in suppressing tumor growth. Based on these preclinical data, we initiated a Phase I trial to evaluate the safety and activity of P plus 5FU. Methods: Eligible patients (pts) had advanced, retinoblastoma (Rb)-positive (as demonstrated by IHC) solid tumors with an adequate performance status and intact organ function. The first stage of the study was a dose escalation to identify the recommended phase II dose (RP2D) of P in this combination (n = 21). The second stage is an ongoing schedule optimization, in which the timing of the P and 5FU are varied to identify the most effective sequence, as demonstrated by Ki67 suppression (n = 8 to date). All pts underwent tumor biopsies prior to treatment (tx), after 7 days of P, and again after the 5FU infusion. Results: Six pts were enrolled at a P dose of 50mg orally daily, Days 1-7, and IV 5FU as a 400mg/m2 bolus Day 8, and 2400mg/m2 continuous i...
Childhood Stress and Resilience

Overwhelming experiences that are perceived as negative, unpredictable, and uncontrollable—stressors—threaten children’s cognitive and emotional development, behavior, health, and socialization. Chronically high exposure to such threats can lead to functional impairments and biological derangements, which depend in part upon developmental timing and individual differences in physiological responses. Buffers against stress, often called protective factors, include influences that are both within children themselves as well as external to them. The capacity to successfully develop even when faced by chronic adversity and stress—resilience—depends upon the incorporation of these protective factors into a child’s life over time. A number of preventive interventions aim to help build resilience among children and adolescents at high risk due to chronic stress. While some of the interventions operate at a large scale, others target individual children who already show signs of distress or poor functioning. All such programs promote protective factors to positively impact children’s biological, psychological, and social well-being. This chapter defines stress and reviews its effects, summarizes protective factors and their connections to resilient outcomes, and provides an overview of resilience-promoting interventions in children and adolescents.
Co-culture with infrapatellar fat pad differentially stimulates proteoglycan synthesis and accumulation in cartilage and meniscus tissues.

ABSTRACTPurpose: Although osteoarthritis is widely viewed as a disease of the whole joint, relatively few studies have focused on interactions among joint tissues in joint homeostasis and degeneration. In particular, few studies have examined the effects of the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) on cartilaginous tissues. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that co-culture with healthy IFP would induce degradation of cartilage and meniscus tissues. Materials and Methods: Bovine articular cartilage, meniscus, and IFP were cultured isolated or as cartilage-fat or meniscus-fat co-cultures for up to 14 days. Conditioned media were assayed for sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) content, nitrite content, and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity, and explants were assayed for sGAG and DNA contents. Results: Co-cultures exhibited increased cumulative sGAG release and sGAG release rates for both cartilage and meniscus, and the cartilage (but not meniscus) exhibited a substantial synergistic effect of co-cul...
From Technical Troubleshooting to Critical Inquiry: Fostering Inquiry-Based Learning Across Disciplines Through a Tutorial for Online Instructors

Seeking to address the challenges of increased need for distance education course offerings and the transformation of library involvement in information literacy instruction, academic librarians in a teaching and learning department collaborated with a systemwide office of online education and an online instructional design and development team to develop a tutorial module for online course instructors. Embedded in the Canvas learning management system, the module moves beyond traditional library orientation to focus on assignment design and strategic use of library resources. The author anticipates that this tutorial project will open new doors for meaningful teaching partnerships that foster student-centered pedagogies. Pursuing partnerships with localized teaching and learning centers and with other institutional units opens opportunities for integrating information literacy across the curriculum, within and beyond distributed learning environments.
Abstract IA10: Targeted imaging of the serrated pathway for early detection of colorectal cancer

Background and Significance: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality with ~1.4 million new cases diagnosed globally and ~690,000 annual deaths. The serrated pathway is a primary cause of CRC in the proximal colon. Sessile serrated adenomas (SSA) have flat and subtle features that are difficult to detect with conventional white light colonoscopy. Aims: We aim to identify a peptide imaging agent that binds specifically to SSA to improve visualization of pre-malignant lesions in the proximal colon. Methods: We used phage display technology with subtractive biopanning against cells with a V600E point mutation in BRAF. We performed a first-in-humans clinical study by topically administering this FITC-labeled peptide in the proximal colon of n = 38 human subjects, and performed in vivo imaging using a wide-field endoscope that is sensitive to fluorescence. Results: We identified the peptide sequence KCCFPAQ, and measured an apparent dissociation constant of kd = 72 nM and an apparent association time constant of kd = 0.174 min-1 (5.76 min). On in vivo fluorescence images, we measured a 2.43-fold greater target-to-background ratio for SSA than for normal colonic mucosa, and could distinguish SSA with 89% sensitivity and 92% specificity. We found 84% sensitivity and 91% specificity for discriminating SSA from traditional adenomas. No toxicity was attributed to the peptide in either animal or patient studies. On ex vivo images, we found the mean fluorescence intensity for SSA to be significantly greater than that for hyperplastic polyps. Conclusions: We have identified a fluorescently-labeled peptide that is safe for clinical use, and is specific for detecting SSAs in the proximal colon with wide-field imaging. This targeted imaging methodology may be useful for early detection of pre-malignant serrated lesions on routine colonoscopy. Citation Format: Thomas D. Wang. Targeted imaging of the serrated pathway for early detection of colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Improving Cancer Risk Prediction for Prevention and Early Detection; Nov 16-19, 2016; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2017;26(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA10.
How secure is your cache against side-channel attacks?

Security-critical data can leak through very unexpected side channels, making side-channel attacks very dangerous threats to information security. Of these, cache-based side-channel attacks are some of the most problematic. This is because caches are essential for the performance of modern computers, but an intrinsic property of all caches – the different access times for cache hits and misses – is the property exploited to leak information in time-based cache side-channel attacks. Recently, different secure cache architectures have been proposed to defend against these attacks. However, we do not have a reliable method for evaluating a cache’s resilience against different classes of cache side-channel attacks, which is the goal of this paper.We first propose a novel probabilistic information flow graph (PIFG) to model the interaction between the victim program, the attacker program and the cache architecture. From this model, we derive a new metric, the Probability of Attack Success (PAS), which gives a quantitative measure for evaluating a cache’s resilience against a given class of cache side-channel attacks. We show the generality of our model and metric by applying them to evaluate nine different cache architectures against all four classes of cache side-channel attacks. Our new methodology, model and metric can help verify the security provided by different proposed secure cache architectures, and compare them in terms of their resilience to cache side-channel attacks, without the need for simulation or taping out a chip.CCS CONCEPTS• Security and privacy $\rightarrow $ Side-channel analysis and counter-measures; • General and reference $\rightarrow$ Evaluation; • Computer systems organization $\rightarrow $ Processors and memory architectures;
Lumbosacral Muscle Strain

Musculoligamentous injuries are cited as causing approximately 70% of mechanical low back pain. Lumbar muscle spasms may be due to musculoligamentous injury or due to neighboring injury to the intervertebral disc, followed by a discogenic nociceptive cascade, with associated protective muscle guarding. Any strenuous activity or repetitive movement may stress the lumbar spine. The differential diagnosis for low back pain is extensive but narrows in the setting of acute axial symptoms without any red flags. Treatment goals for acute low back pain are to relieve pain, improve function, develop ongoing self-care strategies, minimize missed work, and prevent the development of chronic pain.
A lone wolf no more: supporting network intrusion detection with real-time intelligence

For network intrusion detection systems it is becoming increasingly difficult to reliably report today's complex attacks without having external context at hand. Unfortunately, however, today's IDS cannot readily integrate intelligence, such as dynamic blacklists, into their operation. In this work, we introduce a fundamentally new capability into IDS processing that vastly broadens a system's view beyond what is visible directly on the wire. We present a novel Input Framework that integrates external information in real-time into the IDS decision process, independent of specific types of data, sources, and desired analyses. We implement our design on top of an open-source IDS, and we report initial experiences from real-world deployment in a large-scale network environment. To ensure that our system meets operational constraints, we further evaluate its technical characteristics in terms of the intelligence volume it can handle under realistic workloads, and the latency with which real-time updates become available to the IDS analysis engine. The implementation is freely available as open-source software.
The Streptococcus and the host. Present and future challenges.

As we approach the new century, I reflect back on the accomplishments in streptococcal research over the past 96 years and attempt to anticipate our challenges for the future. It took more than the first quarter century to unequivocally determine that Streptococcus pyogenes was the organism responsible for rheumatic fever. However, in the ensuing 70 or so years, the group A streptococcus has become one of the most studied of the gram-positive pathogens. While published results have steadily increased during this period, the introduction of molecular techniques in the latter quarter of the century has seen nearly a logarithmic increase in new information. Through the monumental efforts of Lancefield in the early years, sense was made of the complex antigenic structure of the pathogenic streptococci, resulting in a world-wide coordinated attempt to track these organisms, opening the way to answer specific questions using current molecular approaches. However, despite this wealth of knowledge, numerous questions still remain unanswered, for instance, the reason why, in certain individuals, rheumatic fever results from a group A streptococcal pharyngitis. and not an infection at another site, is still elusive. I quote: “As rheumatic fever is not generally reportable, it is impossible to obtain accurate statistics as to its incidence. It is very wide spread in its occurrence, and is found in practically all countries”. This statement, which is still true today, was made by Homer Smith in 1920, in a report about rheumatic fever.1
On Vortex Reconnection and Turbulence

We present a summary of the recent simulations on vortex reconnection in orthogonally interacting vortex tubes. We investigate the relation between the shape change of the vortices during reconnection and the space-averaged mid-eigenvalue of the strain rate tensor and find that becomes positive as the vortices are flattened. We also find that the velocity derivative skewness values S uu ,. and S vv approach the typical turbulent flow values as small-scales are produced during reconnection. The eigenanalysis of the velocity gradient tensor shows that as the vortices get more and more flattened, the number of complex eigenvalues increases. Also, among these eigenvalues, the ones with the positive real part are the group whose number increases the most. These results show similarities with turbulent flow simulations. We also find that rate of change of helicity changes enormously during reconnection. We propose that the main contribution to the helicity change during reconnection is due the change of the twistedness of the vortex lines which can be captured by the quantity ‘the vortical helicity’ (‘volicity’) defined as ω ∙ ∇ × ω.
Release Location in a Risk Factor for Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction in Major League Baseball Pitchers

Objectives:Medial ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR) is a common procedure performed for Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. The etiology of UCL injury is complex and not entirely un...