cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
RTNS-II — Facility and experiments

Abstract Rotating Target Neutron Source-II (RTNS-II) is a national facility for fusion materials research. It contains two 14-MeV neutron sources. Deuterons are accelerated to ~400 keV and transported to a rotating titanium-tritide target. Present source strength is greater than 1 × 10 13 n/s and source diameter is 1 cm FWHM. Recent papers [1,2] describe the present status of the facility and the experiments [3] being conducted there. Sixteen laboratories and universities have participated in the experimental program at RTNS-II. Most measurements have been directed at understanding defect production and low dose damage microstructure. The principal diagnostic tools have been cryogenic resistivity measurements, mechanical properties and transmission electron microscopy. Some engineering tests have been conducted in support of near-term magnetic confinement experiments and of reactor materials which will see small lifetime doses. Experiments not related to the fusion power program are an important part of the work done at RTNS-II. Many of these experiments can be conducted in a “piggyback” mode with a fusion experiment. Subjects for irradiation have included electronic components, glass, strontium nitrate, liver enzymes and mice. Fluences up to ~ 10 17 n/cm 2 are readily available with no impact on the mainline fusion materials program. The Experimenter's Guide [4] provides the information required for the experimenter to effectively utilize RTNS-II and describes the procedure for gaining approval for an irradiation.
Puromycin effect on successive phases of memory storage.

Mice injected bitemporally with puromycin 5 hours before training learned to escape or to avoid shock by choosing the correct limb of a Y-maze. When retested 15 minutes after training they had normal retention. In the ensuing 2¾ hours the animals injected with puromycin, unlike the controls, showed a progressive decrease of savings to less than 7 percent.
Biochemical aberrations in a dialysis patient following parathyroidectomy

Renal osteodystrophy is a common problem in patients with end-stage renal disease. Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism unresponsive to an intensive regimen of diet, phosphate binders, and calcitriol therapy is an indication for surgical parathyroidectomy. Certain unique postoperative electrolyte aberrations are seen after parathyroidectomy, including severe hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia (hungry bone syndrome), as well as hyperkalemia. Identifying the patient at high risk for developing these electrolyte abnormalities will facilitate perioperative and postoperative management.
Influence of Pentobarbital on Some Cardiovascular Effects of Cryptenamine in Dogs

In a series of 32 conscious and anesthetized paired dogs, pentobarbital anesthesia significantly lowered basal systolic/diastolic arterial pressures, raised basal heart rate, and altered their responses to selected autonomimetic treatments. Pentobarbital anesthesia also significantly increased the effective hypotensive and/or bilateral carotid occlusion pressor response inhibiting dose of cryptenamine. Further examination of the data revealed that the conscious dog systolic depressor response to cryptenamine is the most sensitive and accurate bioassay criterion for the evaluation of cryptenamine potency.
Political participation in Beijing

Preface 1. Introduction A. Impact of Institutional Setting on Stage of the Policy Process People Participate In B. Impact of Institutional Setting on Primary Strategy for Participation C. Institutional Settings, Resources, and Political Participation in Beijing D. Definition of Political Participation E. Effectiveness of Participation F. Data G. The Validity of the Survey H. Overview of the Book 2. Forms of Citizen Participation in Beijing A. Elections B. Persuading Others to Attend Campaign or Briefing Meetings C. Campaigns for Candidates D. Persuading Others to Boycott Unfair Elections E. Personal Contacting F. Contacting Leaders of Work Units G. Appeals through the Bureaucratic Hierarchy H. Complaints through Political Organizations I. Complaints through the Trade Unions J. Complaints through Deputies to the People's Congresses K. Reports to Complaint Bureaus at Higher Levels L. Letter Writing to Government Officials M. Letter Writing to Editors of Newspapers N. Guanxi and Gifts in Exchange for Help O. Strikes and Slowdowns on the job P. Organizing Groups to Fight against Leaders Q. Whipping up Public Opinion against Leaders R. Going to Court S. Big-Character Posters T. Demonstrations U. Conclusion 3. The Extent of Citizen Participation A. Methodology B. How Much Participation Is There in Beijing? C. How Widespread Is Participation in Beijing? D. Conclusion 4. Modes of Political Participation in China A. Dimensions of Participation B. The Dimensions and Modes of Activity C. An Empirical Test of the Modes of Participation D. The Rotated-Factor Solution E. Confirmatory Factor Analysis F. The Relationships among Factors G. Conclusion 5. Understanding Voting in Beijing A. The Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Voter Turnout B. Isolating the Effects of Socioeconomic Status and Danwei on Voter Turnout C. Party Affiliation and Voter Turnout D. Age, Gender, and Turnout E. Conclusion 6. Campaign Activities and Election Boycotts A. Campaign Activities B. Election Boycotts C. Conclusion 7. Appeal Activities in Beijing A. State, Society, and Appeal Making in China B. Multivariate Analysis of Appeals C. Confrontational versus Conciliatory Appeals D. Conclusion 8. Adversarial Activities, Resistance, and Cronyism A. Adversarial Activities B. Resistance C. Cronyism D. Conclusion 9. Conclusion A. Theoretical Reflections,br> B. The Future of Chinese Democracy Appendix: Sample Design Notes Index
Survivorship in the Endangered Gray Bat (Myotis grisescens)

Analyses of gray bat survival were made for three summer colonies, based on band recoveries in two hibernacula. Recoveries made in each hibernaculum were compared by sex and age groups both within and between summer colonies. No comparisons were made between hibernacula, even for individuals from the same summer colony, due to differential hibernaculum band recovery success. One summer colony was represented well in both hibernacula, providing a measure of the extent of this bias. The data were analyzed with regression and nonparametric trend test techniques, and the two methods were compared. Census estimates from 1970 and 1976 provided additional information on survivorship in the colonies. Results of the trend tests represent the relative survivorship of the colonies more accurately than the regression analyses. Differential recapture success in different hibernacula was shown to affect strongly life table results. The census and recovery results document the severe decline of a major colony in Alabama and suggest a major decline in a majority of other colonies that use the hibernaculum in Alabama. Survival rates in the declining colony ranged from 6.0 to 13.9% in the first year after banding and 57.0 to 65.5% in subsequent years. Rates in the stable colonies were 17.2 to 72.7% and 65.7 to 85.1%, respectively. No significant differences were found in survival between sex and age groups within colonies, but significant differences did exist between colonies. Gray bats clustered nonrandomly with respect to both sex and age. Highly significant differences in these variables were found within clusters of bats according to edge versus center, height above floor, and location within or among rooms. Bats roosting singly differed significantly in age from those roosting in clusters. Banded gray bats showed a significant tendency to avoid, when possible, roosts where they had been handled by researchers.
Disruption of magnetic orientation in hatchling loggerhead sea turtles by pulsed magnetic fields

Loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) derive both directional and positional information from the Earth’s magnetic field, but the mechanism underlying magnetic field detection in turtles has not been determined. One hypothesis is that crystals of biogenic, single-domain magnetite provide the physical basis of the magnetic sense. As a first step toward determining if magnetite is involved in sea turtle magnetoreception, hatchling loggerheads were exposed to pulsed magnetic fields (40 mT, 4 ms rise time) capable of altering the magnetic dipole moment of biogenic magnetite crystals. A control group of turtles was treated identically but not exposed to the pulsed fields. Both groups of turtles subsequently oriented toward a light source, implying that the pulsed fields did not disrupt the motivation to swim or the ability to maintain a consistent heading. However, when swimming in darkness under conditions in which turtles normally orient magnetically, control turtles oriented significantly toward the offshore migratory direction while those that were exposed to the magnetic pulses did not. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that at least part of the sea turtle magnetoreception system is based on magnetite. In principle, a magnetite-based magnetoreception system might be involved in detecting directional information, positional information, or both.
Physiological genomics - where are we now?

the first words of a new journal, published in 1999, promised us that we were “. . . in the midst of a revolution in biology and medicine: an information revolution”(1). The members of founding editorial group of Physiological Genomics wisely predicted that the merging of the fields of
Measurement and analysis of thermal stresses in 3D integrated structures containing through-silicon-vias

Abstract Three-dimensional (3-D) integration with through-silicon-vias (TSVs) has emerged as an effective approach to overcome the wiring limit beyond the 32 nm technology node. Due to the mismatch of thermal expansion between the via material and Si, thermal stresses ubiquitously exist in the integrated 3-D structures. The thermal stresses can be significant to raise serious reliability issues, such as TSV extrusion and mobility degradation of logic devices. To understand the characteristics of the thermal stresses in TSVs, experimental measurements and numerical analysis are presented in this work. A precision wafer curvature technique was used together with micro-Raman spectroscopy to form a complementary approach to characterize the deformation and stresses in the TSV structures. The microstructures of the Cu vias were analyzed to provide insights to the deformation mechanisms. Guided by the experimental observations, finite element analysis was performed to analyze the thermal stresses taking into account the elastic anisotropy of Si and the plasticity of Cu. It was found that plastic deformation is localized within the Cu vias near the via/Si interface and may play an important role in TSV extrusion. Finally, the effect of thermal stresses on carrier mobility was investigated to evaluate the keep-out zone (KOZ) for logic devices near the TSVs.
Social Capital and Political Culture God Meets Politics in the Inner City

Among the most successful recent efforts at political engagement among low-income Americans have been those led by church-based community organizations (CCOs). This article discusses the strengths and limitations of Putnam's social capital framework for understanding the CCO success. A brief case study of community organizing among low-income, ethnically diverse residents of Oakland, California, shows how participants build a culture of political engagement. Three years of participant observation in Oakland and 65 interviews there and in 5 other U.S. cities generated the primary data. The article argues that social capital, as conceptualized by Putnam, contributes substantially toward explaining how CCOs project power into the political arena. However, understanding the success requires broader insight into political capacity. Attention must be paid to a “second face of culture”: shared values, symbol systems, and assumptions about the world. Here, political and religious culture cannot be reduced to soci...
Towards pump-probe experiments of defect dynamics with short ion beam pulses

Abstract A novel, induction type linear accelerator, the Neutralized Drift Compression eXperiment (NDCX-II), is currently being commissioned at Berkeley Lab. This accelerator is designed to deliver intense (up to 3 × 1011 ions/pulse), 0.6 to ∼600 ns duration pulses of 0.05–1.2 MeV lithium ions at a rate of about 2 pulses per minute onto 1–10 mm scale target areas. When focused to mm-diameter spots, the beam is predicted to volumetrically heat micrometer thick foils to temperatures of ∼30,000 °K. At lower beam power densities, the short excitation pulse with tunable intensity and time profile enables pump–probe type studies of defect dynamics in a broad range of materials. We briefly describe the accelerator concept and design, present results from beam pulse shaping experiments and discuss examples of pump–probe type studies of defect dynamics following irradiation of materials with intense, short ion beam pulses from NDCX-II.
Towards analyzing complex operating system access control configurations

An operating system relies heavily on its access control mechanisms to defend against local and remote attacks. The complexities of modern access control mechanisms and the scale of possible configurations are often overwhelming to system administrators and software developers. Therefore mis-configurations are very common and the security consequences are serious. Given the popularity and uniqueness of Microsoft Windows systems, it is critical to have a tool to comprehensively examine the access control configurations. However, current studies on Windows access control mechanisms are mostly based on known attack patterns. We propose a tool, WACCA, to systematically analyze the Windows configurations. Given the attacker's initial abilities and goals, WACCA generates an attack graph based on interaction rules. The tool then automatically generates attack patterns from the attack graph. Each attack pattern represents attacks of the same nature. The attack subgraphs and instances are also generated for each pattern. Compared to existing solutions, WACCA is more comprehensive and does not rely on manually defined attack patterns. It also has a unique feature in that it models software vulnerabilities and therefore can find attacks that rely on exploiting these vulnerabilities. We study two attack cases on a Windows Vista host and discuss the analysis results.
Experimental dissociation of food intake and plasma β-endorphin following 2-deoxy-D-glucose in rats

The present studies were undertaken to further assess the role of plasma beta-endorphin (beta-EP) in the hyperphagia induced by the glucose antimetabolite, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG). Plasma concentrations of immunoreactive beta-EP (ir-beta-EP) were measured at the end of the first hour of feeding in all animals treated with 400 mg/kg 2-DG. Previous studies had shown a consistent, positive association between 2-DG hyperphagia and plasma ir-beta-EP concentrations, but the present data revealed dissociations between hyperphagia and plasma ir-beta-EP. Dexamethasone administration blocked the 2-DG-induced rise in plasma ir-beta-EP, but had no effect on the 2-DG hyperphagia measured at 1 hour. Forced drinking of a 2% NaCl solution decreased 2-DG hyperphagia, but not the 2-DG induced rise in plasma ir-beta-EP. Thus, elevations in plasma ir-beta-EP are not necessary for the full expression of 2-DG-induced hyperphagia in dexamethasone-treated rats. Furthermore, decreased feeding responses to 2-DG could coexist with increased levels of plasma ir-beta-EP in NaCl-treated normal rats. Elevations in plasma ir-beta-EP do not appear to be the critical opiate link in 2-DG induced hyperphagia.
Relation between dose of loop diuretics and outcomes in a heart failure population: Results of the ESCAPE Trial

Loop diuretics are often given early in the course of treatment of hospitalised decompensated heart failure (HF) patients. Because clinical trial data defining the ideal diuretic dose are lacking, dosing is largely based on iterative increases with observation of patients for urine output. Factors that typically drive dose selection include diuretic dose before admission, renal function, severity of volume overload, and whether the patient is believed to be diuretic resistant. The relation between weight loss, symptomatic improvement, adverse events, and dose has not been well described in these patients. Diuretic dose selection may have important implications for long-term outcomes. Worsening renal function is a known predictor of poor outcomes in this population (1,2). Renal insufficiency can be induced or worsened by the administration of diuretics. It is unknown if a relation exists between diuretic-induced worsening renal function and clinical outcomes. In addition, the cardio-renal syndrome is increasingly recognized as an important component of HF pathophysiology (3,4). Several retrospective studies have also suggested that chronic diuretic use was a predictor of worse outcomes, even after adjustments for other markers of severity (5,6). However, the association between high doses of diuretics and outcomes of patients with acute HF has not been similarly investigated. High doses of diuretic are commonly used in hospitalised HF patients who have chronic severe left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction; however, data evaluating dose-response are lacking. These concerns emphasize the need to further evaluate the relation between diuretic dose and clinical outcomes. We analyzed the Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheter Effectiveness (ESCAPE) trial database to describe the patterns of diuretic use, and to examine the relation between diuretic dose and clinical outcomes in patients with severe chronic HF admitted for an episode of decompensation (7).
Renal medullary Na-K-ATPase and hypoxic injury in perfused rat kidneys

Renal medullary Na-K-ATPase and hypoxic injury in perfused rat kidneys. We wished to see if chronic alterations in Na-K-ATPase activity in the medullary thick ascending limb would modify the susceptibility of its cells to the hypoxic injury produced by perfusion of the isolated kidney. Rats were fed a diet high (64%) or low (8%) in protein for three weeks. Renal medullary Na-K-ATPase was 75 ± 12 U/mg protein/hr (mean ± SE) in the high protein group and 44 ± 3 in rats given low protein. After 90 minutes of perfusion, the kidneys of rats fed a high protein diet showed almost all mTAL cells near the inner medulla with severe damage (93 ± 4.8%), whereas the same zone in perfused kidneys of rats on a low protein diet showed only 47 ± 7.7% injury. In a similar fashion, damage to mTAL cells seen in perfused kidneys was greatly augmented by compensatory renal hypertrophy produced by removal of the contralateral kidney two weeks earlier, and by a diet high in potassium given for two weeks, procedures which also increased the activity of medullary Na-K-ATPase. The results suggest that the level of transport work of medullary cells mediated by Na-K-ATPase is a determinant of the vulnerability of mTAL cells to hypoxic injury.
HERPES-ZOSTER AND PROCARBAZINE THERAPY IN PATIENTS WITH MALIGNANT GLIOMA

Procarbazine is effective in the treatment of malignant gliomas. We retrospectively reviewed all glioma patients treated with procarbazine at a dose of 150 mg/m2 daily for 28 days, every eight weeks, to determine incidence and prognostic factors associated with the development of Herpes Zoster. Ten of sixty-four (16%) patients developed Herpes Zoster infections; this group was found to have received a greater number of courses of procarbazine (5.1+/-1.2 v. 1.6+/-.2, p<.001) and have significantly less neutropenia when compared to the group receiving procarbazine who did not develop the infection. Infection developed at a median of 4.1+/-1.1 courses. Herpes Zoster infection is common in brain tumor patients taking procarbazine, and is associated with multiple drug courses and a normal WBC count. Immune function studies that could identify patients at high risk for Herpes Zoster might lead to the prophylactic use of acyclovir.
Multiplicity in randomised trials I: endpoints and treatments

Multiplicity problems emerge from investigators looking at many additional endpoints and treatment group comparisons. Thousands of potential comparisons can emanate from one trial. Investigators might only report the significant comparisons, an unscientific practice if unwitting, and fraudulent if intentional. Researchers must report all the endpoints analysed and treatments compared. Some statisticians propose statistical adjustments to account for multiplicity. Simply defined, they test for no effects in all the primary endpoints undertaken versus an effect in one or more of those endpoints. In general, statistical adjustments for multiplicity provide crude answers to an irrelevant question. However, investigators should use adjustments when the clinical decision-making argument rests solely on one or more of the primary endpoints being significant. In these cases, adjustments somewhat rescue scattershot analyses. Readers need to be aware of the potential for under-reporting of analyses.
Density-and-temperature-dependent volume translation for the SRK EOS: 2. Mixtures

Abstract A density-and-temperature-dependent volume translation function, originally developed for pure component, cubic volumetric equations of states (EOSs) has been extended to mixtures and applied to the Soave–Redlich–Kwong cubic EOS. This density modified translation (DMT) function has been used to estimate mixture properties for a set of 18 representative fluids: water, carbon dioxide, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, tetrafluoromethane, acetone, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, argon, and the normal alkanes through octane. Accuracy in mixture molar volumes is substantially improved with respect to the accuracy achievable though consistent translation functions independent of density, but bubble and dew point pressures remain largely unaffected by the DMT function. Incorporating density dependence into the DMT function does affect estimated mixture equilibrium properties, but not in a manner that provides systematic improvement. Application of the DMT function specifically for estimating mixture densities provides the greatest benefit.
Lithium chloride and dilithium carbamyl phosphate: lithium distribution and toxicity in mice.

Abstract Dilithium carbamyl phosphate, an antisickling agent, dissociates into lithium cations and carbamyl phosphate dianions in solution. In order to determine which ion is primarily responsible for the toxicity observed at very high doses of dilithium carbamyl phosphate, two groups of 15 mice each were given similar amounts of lithium in twice-daily ip injections for 21, 23, or 30 days. Six of the fifteen mice survived in group A (lithium chloride, 12.9 mEq of Li + /kg/day), and 8 of 15 mice survived in group B (dilithium carbamyl phosphate, 13.8 mEq of Li + /kg/day). Blood lithium concentrations measured 4–6 hr after an injection averaged 1.7 (±0.7 SD) mEq/liter for each group. Lithium concentrations were measured in 39 samples of tissue or tissue contents from mice in each group. In the surviving animals, lithium ranged from an average of 0.8 – 1.1 mEq/kg in liver to 5–15 mEq/kg in the contents of the lower intestinal tract. Lithium concentrations greater than 15 mEq/kg were often found in the tissues of the nonsurvivors. Hemoglobin carbamylation was 1.0 (±0.3 SD) mol of valine hydantoin/mol of hemoglobin tetramer in mice given dilithium carbamyl phosphate for 21–30 days. This study demonstrates that the toxic effects associated with administration of dilithium carbamyl phosphate appear to be due to the lithium cation rather than the carbamyl phosphate dianion. In all parameters measured, the toxic effects of lithium chloride paralleled those observed when an equivalent amount of lithium was administered as dilithium carbamyl phosphate.
Morphology of the head skeleton and muscles of the mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae)

The objectives of this research were to investigate the morphology of the head skeleton and muscles of the female mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston). The skeletal parts were examined after maceration in KOH. The attachments of muscles were determined by dissection. Observations were made with the aid of a dissecting microscope at 70× and lower. Each skeletal part and muscle is illustrated and described. Conclusions regarding the skeleton are as follows: (1) the clypeal area is composed of an anteclypeus and postclypeus, (2) the suture between the anteclypeus and postclypeus is rigid and cannot function as a hinge, (3) the dorsal wall of the labrum terminates at its union with the anteclypeus, (4) the dorsal and epipharyngeal walls of the labrum are united apically, (5) the gena and postclypeus are not separated by a suture, and (6) the labellum is composed of three segments and the furca, of some authors, is absent. Twenty-five muscles were identified, and the origin, insertion, and action of each is described. The tormo-epipharyngalis muscle is attached anterior to the cibarium and fulcral plates. Its origin is on the clypeal apodeme and the insertion is on the epipharynx. This result confirms earlier reports and disagrees with some recent authors. The maxillary teeth are not designed to draw the fascicle into the tissues, but the cervical and leg muscles accomplish the probing process during feeding on a host. An undescribed muscle of the mandible is reported.
Anterograde Activin Signaling Regulates Postsynaptic Membrane Potential and GluRIIA/B Abundance at the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction

Members of the TGF-β superfamily play numerous roles in nervous system development and function. In Drosophila, retrograde BMP signaling at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is required presynaptically for proper synapse growth and neurotransmitter release. In this study, we analyzed whether the Activin branch of the TGF-β superfamily also contributes to NMJ development and function. We find that elimination of the Activin/TGF-β type I receptor babo, or its downstream signal transducer smox, does not affect presynaptic NMJ growth or evoked excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs), but instead results in a number of postsynaptic defects including depolarized membrane potential, small size and frequency of miniature excitatory junction potentials (mEJPs), and decreased synaptic densities of the glutamate receptors GluRIIA and B. The majority of the defective smox synaptic phenotypes were rescued by muscle-specific expression of a smox transgene. Furthermore, a mutation in actβ, an Activin-like ligand that is strongly expressed in motor neurons, phenocopies babo and smox loss-of-function alleles. Our results demonstrate that anterograde Activin/TGF-β signaling at the Drosophila NMJ is crucial for achieving normal abundance and localization of several important postsynaptic signaling molecules and for regulating postsynaptic membrane physiology. Together with the well-established presynaptic role of the retrograde BMP signaling, our findings indicate that the two branches of the TGF-β superfamily are differentially deployed on each side of the Drosophila NMJ synapse to regulate distinct aspects of its development and function.
Constructing frames for finite dimensional Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we use the characterization of frames, introduced in [W. Rolli, A characterization of frames for finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, preprint], to construct frames for finite dimensional Hilbert spaces. Furthermore this approach allows for the construction of frames with prescribed properties.
IQGAP1 Binds to Estrogen Receptor-α and Modulates Its Function

The estrogen receptor (ER) is a steroid hormone receptor that acts as a transcription factor, modulating genes that regulate a vast range of cellular functions. IQGAP1 interacts with several signaling proteins, cytoskeletal components, and transmembrane receptors, thereby serving as a scaffold to integrate signaling pathways. Both ERα and IQGAP1 contribute to breast cancer. In this study, we report that IQGAP1 binds ERα and ERβ. In vitro analysis with pure proteins revealed a direct interaction between IQGAP1 and ERα. Investigation with multiple short fragments of each protein showed that ERα binds to the IQ domain of IQGAP1, whereas the hinge region of ERα is responsible for binding IQGAP1. In addition, IQGAP1 and ERα co-immunoprecipitated from cells, and the association was modulated by estradiol. The interaction has functional effects. Knockdown of endogenous IQGAP1 attenuated the ability of estradiol to induce transcription of the estrogen-responsive genes pS2, progesterone receptor, and cyclin D1. These data reveal that IQGAP1 binds to ERα and modulates its transcriptional function, suggesting that IQGAP1 might be a target for therapy in patients with breast carcinoma.
New U.S. weather forecasting system approved

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration has signed an agreement with several other U.S. agencies to develop a new and improved U.S. Weather Research and Forecasting system, the agency announced on 19 August. The system, which is now in the testing phase, is expected to produce high-resolution forecasts far more detailed than current operational models, according to NOAA. The system also could prompt closer ties between the research and operational forecasting communities, the agency indicated.
Adolescents' physical complaints as a function of anxiety due to familial and peer stress: A causal model

Abstract A causal model to explain adolescents' physical complaining behavior as an anxiety response to parent and peer stressors over time was developed. In order to determine the contribution of the mediating variable — anxiety — to the proposed model, a complex model with additional paths from parent and peer stress leading directly to physical complaints was tested against the above proposed simple model. Forty-three adolescents and their parents completed self-report measures designed to assess the level of parent and peer stress, anxiety, and physical complaints the adolescent experienced. Measures were obtained at two time periods (Time 1, Time 2) separated by a one-year interval to determine the delayed or cumulative effects of stress. Path analyses were utilized. The first analysis tested the model across time: stress at initial testing Time 1 and anxiety and physical complaints both one year later at Time 2. Results indicated that, although both the complex and simple models accounted for 39% and 33% of the variance in the criterion variables, respectively, the fit of the data to the models was not good nor did the models differ significantly in their ability to account for variance. Consequently, a modified model was proposed to account for the temporal discrepancy between stress at Time 1 and stress at Time 2. This model included parent and peer stressors twice, and separated by a one-year interval. The path analysis indicated that 47% and 28% of the variance in the criterion variable of the complex and simple models, respectively, was accounted for. In this case, the data was a good fit to both models, and the complex and simple models did not differ significantly from one another in ability to account for variance. Hence, the best model for predicting physical complaints is one in which anxiety and physical complaints are assessed both subsequently to and simultaneously with parent and peer stressors.
Plot Sprinklers for Irrigation Research

Portable plot sprinklers were developed that allowed individual plots to be irrigated independently of other plots. Each plot sprinkler consisted of three rotary-pendulum, square-pattern sprinkler heads mounted on a PVC pipe frame. Plot sprinkler water ouptut was 0.9 m 3 h -1 , on an area 4.6 m wide by 13.7 m long, with C u =80%, when operated at 86 kPa. Plot sprinklers were used to apply irrigation treatments in a randomized block design to evaluate potato (Solanum tuberosum L. Russet Burbank') turber quality response to six levels of transitory drought stress during early tuber bulking []
A theoretical investigation of the origins of the green and red spectra of Ca2

Abstract The potential energy curves and transition moments of the ground state of Ca 2 and 1 Σ + u states correlating with the 1 S + 1 P and 1 S + 1 D calcium atoms have been calculated. The calculations support the assignment of the observed emission spectra of Ca 2 in the red and in the green to transitions between the ground state and the 1,2 1 Σ + u states. Predissociation of the 1 1 Σ + u state is also shown to be possible from an interaction with the 1 3 Π u state.
Penetrating ulcer of the descending aorta mimicking a traumatic aortic laceration.

A 65-year-old restrained female driver hit the steering column in a high-speed head-on collision. She presented to our center complaining of anterior chest pain with findings of a left chest wall contusion and persistence of her known systemic arterial hypertension. A chest radiograph showed bilateral rib fractures, right pneumothorax, and an abnormal mediastinum. Aortography showed a focal outpouching along the posterior mid descending thoracic aorta. The ulcer showed only minimal delay in contrast washout; no intimal flap was seen (Figs. 1A and 1 B). CT of the chest, performed without IV contrast, confirmed the focal outpouching ofthe aortic lumen and showed no peniaortic hematoma (Fig. 1C). Because of the magnitude and mechanism of injury and uncertainty about the angiographic diagnosis, the patient underwent an exploratory thoracotomy. No mediastinal hematoma was present. The external aortic wall was intact without adventitial discoloration. The region of the focal bulge of the descending thoracic aorta felt like a complex atheromatous plaque, compatible with a penetrating ulcer of the descending aorta (PUDA).
A Note on Plots of P‐Values to Evaluate Many Tests Simultaneously

Schweder and Spjotvoll (1982) proposed an informal graphical procedure for simultaneous evaluation of possibly related tests, based on a plot of cumulative p-values using the observed significance probabilities. We formalize this notion by application of Holm's (1979) sequentially rejective Bonferroni procedure: this maintains an overall experimentwise significance level, and yields an immediate estimate of the number of true hypotheses.
Etiology of lymphomas and leukemias: Role of C-type RNA viruses

ThE DmCOVERV by Gross [96] in 1951 of the first murine leukemia virus (MuLV) ushered in a new era in the study of experimental lymphomas and lymphatic leukemias. Since that time, other murine leukemia viruses have been isolated from a variety of sources, and RNA-containing viruses of similar Ctype morphology have been recovered from lymphomas and lymphatic ieukemias of several other mammalian species. The identification in these viruses of a unique enzyme, RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, clarified many hitherto mysterious aspects of their life cycle, and led to an almost explosively rapid elucidation of their molecular biology. Moreover, assays for reverse transcriptase and hybridization studies using DNA probes synthesized by the enzyme have provided convenient new screening methods in the search for putative human RNA tumor virus isolates in human lymphomas, lymphatic leukemias, and other tissues.
Cryogenic mechanical properties of Gore-Tex® fabric

Mechanical properties of a Gore-Tex® woven fabric were determined at ambient, elevated, liquid nitrogen, and liquid helium temperatures. Data is presented for both creep and static strength testing at temperatures from 20 K to 450 K, and showed an increasing strength with decreasing temperature. The material appears well suited for applications where a strong and flexible material is required at cryogenic temperatures.
THE 2009 LAWRENCE R. KLEIN LECTURE: DIVERSIFIED TREATMENT UNDER AMBIGUITY*

This article develops a broad theme about treatment under ambiguity through study of a particular decision criterion. The broad theme is that a planner may want to cope with ambiguity by diversification, assigning observationally identical persons to different treatments. Study of the minimax-regret (MR) criterion substantiates the theme. The article significantly extends my earlier analysis of one-period planning with an individualistic treatment and a linear welfare function. I show that MR treatment allocations are fractional in a large class of planning problems with nonlinear welfare functions, interacting treatments, learning, and noncooperative aspects.
An application of the theory of equivalence of Gaussian measures to a prediction problem

An extension of a general theorem by J.A. Bucklew (ibid., vol. IT-31, 677-679, 1985) on the asymptotic optimality of a linear predictor based on an incorrect covariance function is given. The result is applied to the problem of predicting a small time lag into the future to obtain an easily verifiable condition under which the Taylor series predictor given by Bucklew is nearly optimal. The critical condition of the theorem is as follows: Gaussian measures corresponding to the covariance function used to obtain the predictors and the actual covariance function must be equivalent probability measures (i.e., mutually absolutely continuous measures). >
Loss of pRB and p107 disrupts cartilage development and promotes enchondroma formation

The pocket proteins pRB, p107 and p130 have established roles in regulating the cell cycle through the control of E2F activity. The pocket proteins regulate differentiation of a number of tissues in both cell cycle-dependent and -independent manners. Prior studies showed that mutation of p107 and p130 in the mouse leads to defects in cartilage development during endochondral ossification, the process by which long bones form. Despite evidence of a role for pRB in osteoblast differentiation, it is unknown whether it functions during cartilage development. Here, we show that mutation of Rb in the early mesenchyme of p107-mutant mice results in severe cartilage defects in the growth plates of long bones. This is attributable to inappropriate chondrocyte proliferation that persists after birth and leads to the formation of enchondromas in the growth plates as early as 8 weeks of age. Genetic crosses show that development of these tumorigenic lesions is E2f3 dependent. These results reveal an overlapping role for pRB and p107 in cartilage development, endochondral ossification and enchondroma formation that reflects their coordination of cell-cycle exit at appropriate developmental stages.
Air temperature variations in upper parts of the Bulgarian mountains

Using the methods of running means and integral difference curves, the monthly and annual air temperatures in upper parts of the Bulgarian mountains are studied. Data from seven stations are used, covering the period 1930–1989. Records of mean, minimum and maximum air temperature for January, April, July, and October are analysed. Periods of warming and cooling in separate months of the year are identified. In upper parts of Bulgaria during recent years, the temperature record has shown a trend towards warming in winter and cooling in summer. Mean annual temperatures were observed to decrease between 1962 and 1981.
Hypothesis Testing and Effect Size Estimation in Clinical Trials

Learning objectives This paper provides the reader with an overview of several key elements in study planning and analysis. In particular, it highlights the differences between significance tests (statistical significance) and effect size estimation (clinical significance). Data sources This paper focuses on methodologic issues, and provides an overview of trends in research. Paper selection References were selected to provide a cross-section of the approaches currently being used. The paper also discusses a number of logical fallacies that have been cited as examples in earlier papers on research design. Conclusions Significance tests are intended solely to address the viability of the null hypothesis that a treatment has no effect, and not to estimate the magnitude of the treatment effect. Researchers are advised to move away from significance tests and to present instead an estimate of effect size bounded by confidence intervals. This approach incorporates all the information normally included in a test of significance but in a format that highlights the element of interest (clinical significance rather than statistical significance). This approach should also have an impact on study planning-a study should have enough power to reject the null hypothesis and also to yield a precise estimate of the treatment effect.
Suprastomal Cutaneous Monitoring Paddle for Free Flap Reconstruction of Laryngopharyngectomy Defects

ImportanceMethod of direct clinical monitoring of tissue perfusion in free tissue reconstruction of pharyngeal defects. ObjectiveTo describe a novel and effective method of incorporating a cutaneou...
Autonomic Contribution to Endothelin-1 Increase during Laboratory Anger-Recall Stress in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

In coronary artery disease (CAD), endothelin-1 (ET-1) is released by activated macrophages and thereby contributes to coronary plaque rupture and triggered cardiac events. The multifactorial regulation of ET-1 includes stimulated release by cytokines and autonomic factors. Laboratory stress provokes alteration in autonomic tone and prolonged ET-1 mediated endothelial dysfunction. The objective of the study is to determine the autonomic contribution to an increase in ET-1 in response to laboratory stress in patients with CAD. Patients (n = 88) with chronic stable CAD instrumented with hemodynamic monitor, digital electrocardiogram (ECG) monitor and indwelling catheter for blood sampling completed a laboratory protocol that included initial rest (30 min), baseline (BL: 10 min), and anger recall stress (AR: 8 min). Change from BL to AR was determined for (a) parasympathetic activity (by spectral analysis of ECG); (b) sympathetic activity (by circulating catecholamines); and (c) ET-1. AR provoked increases from BL in catecholamines, and a decrease in parasympathetic activity. Multivariate analysis with change in parasympathetic activity and catecholamines, while controlling for age and use of β-blockers, revealed a significant odds ratio (OR = 3.27, 95% Cl 1.03, 10.41 P = 0.04) for an increase in ET-1 associated with parasympathetic withdrawal; no other variables were significant. The predominant influence of parasympathetic activity on anger/stress-provoked increase in ET-1 is consistent with the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway. Future examination of autonomic influences on atherosclerotic leukocytes, endothelial cell function and the dynamics of ET-1 are warranted.
Gerontology Content in MSW Curricula and Student Attitudes Toward Older Adults

The unprecedented growth in the nation's older adult population has called attention to the increasing need for geriatric social workers. However, research suggests that social work students hold ageist attitudes that prevent many from pursuing careers in gerontology. The present study sought to identify student perceptions of gerontology content in MSW education and possible correlations with attitudes toward older adults and interest in gerontology. A sample of 252 MSW students participated in classroom surveys. The survey outcomes revealed that gerontology content in MSW curriculum was correlated with positive attitudes toward older adults, but it was not related to increased interest in gerontology.
Quadrature-Free Implementation of a Discontinuous Galerkin Global Shallow-Water Model via Flux Correction Procedure

AbstractThe discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization relies on an integral (weak) formulation of the hyperbolic conservation law, which leads to the evaluation of several surface and line integrals for multidimensional problems. An alternative formulation of the DG method is possible under the flux reconstruction (FR) framework, where the equations are solved in differential form and the discretization is free from quadrature rules, resulting in computationally efficient algorithms. The author has implemented a quadrature-free form of the nodal DG method based on the FR approach combined with spectral differencing (SD), in a shallow-water (SW) model employing cubed-sphere geometry. The performance of the SD model is compared with the regular nodal DG variant of the SW model using several benchmark tests, including a viscous test case. A positivity-preserving local filter is tested for SD advection that removes spurious oscillations while being conservative and accurate. In this implementation, the SD fo...
Pre-eminence of the Indirect Channel in the Resonant Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Cerium Oxide

A strong resonance in the inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (IPES) of cerium oxide was reported recently. Here, it is shown that dominance of the indirect channel of the resonant inverse photoelectron spectroscopy (RIPES) is so complete that the photon energy dependence can be explained in terms of emission associated with a single photon energy.
Kinetics and cellular origin of cytokines in the central nervous system: insight into mechanisms of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced by myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) in C57BL/6 (H-2b) mice is characterized by early (day 12) acute paralysis, followed by a sustained chronic clinical course that gradually stabilizes. Extensive inflammation and demyelination coincide with clinical signs of disease. To identify the mechanisms of these processes, individual proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were studied. Sensitive single-cell assays were utilized to determine the cellular origin and kinetics of cytokine production in the CNS. Immunization with MOG35–55 peptide resulted in priming of both Th1 (lymphotoxin, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and Th2 (IL-4) cells in the spleen. However, only Th1 cells were apparent in the CNS. CD4 T cells that produced IFN-γ or TNF-α were present in the CNS by day 7 after immunization with MOG35–55, peaked at day 20, and then waned. TNF-α was also produced in the CNS by Mac-1+ cells. On days 7 and 10 after immunization, the TNF-α-producing Mac1+ cells were predominantly microglia. By day 14, a switch occurred in that the Mac1+ TNF-α-producing cells had the phenotype of infiltrating macrophages. RANTES, IFN-inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 chemokine mRNA were detected in the CNS by day 8 after immunization. The early presence of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in the CNS provides a mechanism for the recruitment of macrophages. These data implicate TNF-α production by a continuum of T cells, microglia, and macrophages at various times during the course of disease. The importance of Th1 cytokines is highlighted, with little evidence for a role of Th2 cytokines.
NETWORK PERFORMANCE EVALUATION MODEL FOR HOV FACILITIES

A model to assess the impacts of major high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) facilities on regional levels of energy consumption and vehicle air pollution emissions in urban areas is developed and applied. This model can be used to forecast and compare the impacts of alternative HOV facility design and operation plans on traffic patterns, travel costs, mode choice, travel demand, energy consumption, and vehicle emissions. The model is designed to show differences in the overall impacts of alternative HOV facility types, locations, and operation plans, rather than to serve as a tool for detailed engineering design and traffic planning studies. The Network Performance Evaluation Model (NETPREM) combines several urban transportation planning models into a multimodal network equilibrium framework, including a module with which to define the type, location, and operation of the HOV facility to be tested, and an evaluation module with which to assess the impacts of this facility. As an example application, potential impacts of three different HOV lane/ramp facilities, when added to a major expressway in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area, are forecasted. The results of these example runs and potential improvements to the model are discussed.