cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Correlation of QT interval correction methods during atrial fibrillation and sinus rhythm.

The calculation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) is particularly problematic in patients during atrial fibrillation (AF). The aims of this study were to compare the QTc calculated using Bazett's formula in AF and sinus rhythm (SR) and determine whether alternative methods for QT correction were superior to Bazett's, in an effort to define the optimal method for QT correction in patients with AF. We evaluated consecutive patients with persistent AF admitted for initiation of dofetilide. The QT interval was corrected according to the following formulas: Bazett's, Fridericia, and Framingham. We compared the QTc interval on the last electrocardiogram in AF to the first electrocardiogram in SR. The cohort included 54 patients (age 60 ± 10 years, 80% men) with persistent AF for a median of 36 months. Bazett's overestimated QTc during AF compared with SR (464 ± 34 vs 445 ± 38 ms, p = 0.008); in contrast, Framingham underestimated it (385 ± 48 vs 431 ± 40 ms, p
On the normality of operator products

If A and B * are hyponormal operators such that AB is compact, then the normality of AB implics that of BA. This is a generalization of an old result of Wiegmann and Kaplansky on products of normal operators.
Linker Chemistry Determines Secondary Structure of p5314−29 in Peptide Amphiphile Micelles

Biofunctional micelles formed via self-assembly of synthetic peptide-lipid conjugates are a class of promising biomaterials with applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering. The micelle building block, termed peptide amphiphile, consists of a lipid-like chain covalently linked through a spacer to a peptide headgroup. Self-assembly results in formation of a hydrophobic core surrounded by a dense shell with multiple, functional peptides. We report here on the effect that different linkers between a palmitic tail and a bioactive peptide (p5314−29) have on headgroup secondary structure. Peptide p5314−29 may act as an inhibitor of the interaction between tumor suppressor p53 and human double minute-2 (hDM2) proteins by binding hDM2 in a partially helical form, leading to the release of p53 and the induction of apoptosis in certain tumors. Circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy data revealed that the extent and type of secondary structure of p5314−29 are controlled through size and hydrogen b...
A comparative study of Florida strains of Cylindrospermopsis and Aphanizomenon for cylindrospermopsin production.

Abstract The toxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is produced by a variety of cyanobacterial genera. One of these, Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, is generally assumed to be the source of CYN in lakes and rivers in Florida, USA. However, in this study, none of the eight Florida isolates of this species tested contained the genetic determinants involved in toxin production nor did they produce CYN. We show for the first time that Aphanizomenon ovalisporum isolated from a pond in this state has the genes putatively associated with CYN production. Analysis by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (LC/MS) revealed that it produced CYN in the range of 7.39–9.33 μg mg−1 freeze-dried cells. 16S rDNA sequences of this strain showed 99.6% and 99.9% identity to published A. ovalisporum and Anabaena bergii 16S sequences, respectively. These results help to explain the general lack of a defined relationship between the abundance of C. raciborskii in freshwater ecosytems of Florida and observed concentrations of CYN. The latter observation raises the potential that previous reports of CYN may be coincidental with unrecorded presence of another CYN-producing species.
Comparison of Telmisartan vs. Valsartan in the Treatment of Mild to Moderate Hypertension Using Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring

A prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded end-point trial compared telmisartan and valsartan for treating mild to moderate hypertension. Efficacy for 24-hour control of blood pressure was assessed using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Mean changes in diastolic blood pressure for the last 6 hours before dosing and the nighttime period were significantly greater with telmisartan than with valsartan (p<0.01 for the last 6 hours before dosing; p<0.05 for the nighttime period). Mean changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures for the 24-hour interval, the morning, and the daytime periods were significantly greater with telmisartan than with valsartan (p<0.01). The incidence of all adverse events and the most common adverse events were comparable for patients receiving telmisartan and patients receiving valsartan. Neither treatment was associated with cough. These data suggest greater efficacy for telmisartan than valsartan in controlling blood pressure throughout the 24-hour dosing interval, including the last 6 hours before dosing, and the two agents were similarly well tolerated.
Infrared Studies of Defect Production in n -Type Si: Irradiation-Temperature Dependence

Infrared absorption measurements of electron-irradiated oxygen-doped $n$-type silicon are presented. The silicon samples were electron irradiated at carefully controlled irradiation temperatures between 75\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and room temperature. Since the free Si vacancy, and presumably also the free Si interstitial, are mobile at these temperatures, intensity measurements of the vacancy-oxygen center, as well as of newly observed infrared absorption bands, provide a monitor of the intrinsic defect production. For irradiation temperatures below 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, semilog plots of the intensities of the absorption bands for identical samples versus the reciprocals of their irradiation temperatures yield straight lines having the form $\ensuremath{\alpha}=\mathrm{const} {e}^{\frac{\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\Delta}E}{\mathrm{kT}}}$. On the basis of the slopes and intensities of these lines, the absorption bands can be divided into two groups. The more intense group, which includes the 836-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ($A$-center) band and bands at 922, 932, and 865 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, has a common energy $\ensuremath{\Delta}E=0.05\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.005$ eV. Less intense bands at 936, 945, and 956 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ are found to have a common energy $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}^{\ensuremath{'}}=0.10\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02$ eV. These results are interpreted on the basis of a metastable interstitial-vacancy pair model in which the irradiation-temperature dependence of the formation of the defect-impurity complexes results from the temperature dependence of the production of intrinsic defects. On the basis of this model, the difference in the barriers to liberation and recombination of the metastable pair is 0.05 eV for $n$-type Si. The more intense infrared bands are concluded to be associated with complexes composed of a single vacancy or a single interstitial trapped at an oxygen impurity atom or group of atoms. Since the energies $\ensuremath{\Delta}{E}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ of the weaker infrared absorption bands are approximately twice those for the strong infrared bands, it is suggested that the weaker bands are associated with complexes composed of two intrinsic defects trapped at an oxygen impurity center.
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Inhibits Apoptosis of Insulin-Secreting Cells via a Cyclic 5′-Adenosine Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase A- and a Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase-Dependent Pathway

The activation of the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor has been shown to have an important role in the functional activity of islet β-cells and in the expansion of the islet cell mass. Constant remodeling of islet cell mass is mediated in vivo by proliferative and apoptotic stimuli to ensure a dynamic response to a changing demand for insulin. The present study was undertaken to investigate the biological activity of GLP-1 when cells were challenged by a proapoptotic stimulus. We have shown that activation of the GLP-1 receptor inhibits H2O2-induced apoptosis in a cultured mouse insulinoma cell line, termed MIN6. GLP-1 reduced DNA fragmentation and improved cell survival. This was mediated by an increased expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL. GLP-1 also prevented the H2O2-dependent cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase. Inhibition of the GLP-1-dependent increase of cAMP by Rp-cAMP blocked the antiapoptotic action of GLP-1, as determined by DNA fragmentation and poly-(ADP-ri...
VISITING DEAD ANCESTORS: SHAMANS AS INTERPRETERS OF RELIGIOUS TRADITIONS

. Religious traditions enable ancestors to encourage proper social behavior in their distant descendants. Although traditional myths and rituals can provide basic values, these values must be interpreted in light of the specific circumstances encountered by later generations. In tribal societies the task of interpreting religious traditions falls upon religious leaders known as shamans. Shamans, perhaps universally, are claimed to obtain instructions from dead ancestors on how to deal with social disruptions. This paper argues that a focus on the more exotic aspects of shamanism has kept previous studies from realizing the crucial role of shamans as interpreters of religious traditions.
Dimensionality of charge space

There is no dearth of experimental evidence to indicate that real space-time is a four-dimensional manifold. At present there is much less certainty in attributing dimensions to the charge space of heavy particles, and it may be worth while to review various hypotheses and the meager experimental evidence in this regard. The Clebsch-Gordon coefficients for /-spin that appear in the =-N (nucleon) scattering resonance imply at least a two-dimensional space for unitary transformations (~), which are conveniently represented in the usual terms of rotations in a three-dimensional space. The apparent symmetry between E and N can be emphasized to the maximum extent by regarding the charge displacement number a = q I z of heavy particles as the third component of another vector A in charge space (~). If A is to be independent of / , there must be added an independent pair of coordinates for the unitary transformations
Bloom filtering cache misses for accurate data speculation and prefetching

A processor must know a load instruction's latency to schedule the load's dependent instructions at the correct time. Unfortunately, modern processors do not know this latency until well after the dependent instructions should have been scheduled to avoid pipeline bubbles between themselves and the load. One solution to this problem is to predict the load's latency, by predicting whether the load will hit or miss in the data cache. Existing cache hit/miss predictors, however, can only correctly predict about 50% of cache misses.This paper introduces a new hit/miss predictor that uses a Bloom Filter to identify cache misses early in the pipeline. This early identification of cache misses allows the processor to more accurately schedule instructions that are dependent on loads and to more precisely prefetch data into the cache. Simulations using a modified SimpleScalar model show that the proposed Bloom Filter is nearly perfect, with a prediction accuracy greater than 99% for the SPECint2000 benchmarks. IPC (Instructions Per Cycle) performance improved by 19% over a processor that delayed the scheduling of instructions dependent on a load until the load latency was known, and by 6% and 7% over a processor that always predicted a load would hit the cache and with a counter-based hit/miss predictor respectively. This IPC reaches 99.7% of the IPC of a processor with perfect scheduling.
The precursor state to dissociation for CO adsorbed on the W(110) surface

Abstract Surface vibrational studies using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS) show that a portion of the CO adsorbed on the W(110) surface involves a binding configuration characterized by a low C-O stretching frequency [ν(C-O)]. This configuration is rapidly poisoned for CO coverages above about 0.50 ML and its disappearance during 250 K annealing indicates that it is a precursor state to CO dissociation. As the low-ν(C-O) state is poisoned by CO coverages above 0.50 ML, a normal terminally bonded ν(C-O) value appears and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) shows an increase in the desorption of molecularly adsorbed CO. Comparison of these results with similar studies on Cr, Fe and Mo surfaces, along with present measurements of work-function change (Δφ) with CO coverage, indicate that the low ν(C-O) results from a CO binding state which is tilted away from the surface normal on W(110).
Removal of elemental mercury from simulated coal-combustion flue gas using a SiO2–TiO2 nanocomposite

Abstract A novel silica–titania (SiO 2 –TiO 2 ) nanocomposite has been developed to effectively capture elemental mercury (Hg 0 ) under UV irradiation. Previous studies under room conditions showed over 99% Hg 0 removal efficiency using this nanocomposite. In this work, the performance of the nanocomposite on Hg 0 removal was tested in simulated coal-fired power plant flue gas, where water vapor concentration is much higher and various acid gases, such as HCl, SO 2 , and NO x , are present. Experiments were carried out in a fix-bed reactor operated at 135 °C with a baseline gas mixture containing 4% O 2 , 12% CO 2 , and 8% H 2 O balanced with N 2 . Results of Hg speciation data at the reactor outlet demonstrated that Hg 0 was photocatalytically oxidized and captured on the nanocomposite. The removal efficiency of Hg 0 was found to be significantly affected by the flue gas components. Increased water vapor concentration inhibited Hg 0 capture, due to the competitive adsorption of water vapor. Both HCl and SO 2 promoted the oxidation of Hg 0 to Hg(II), resulting in higher removal efficiencies. NO was found to have a dramatic inhibitory effect on Hg 0 removal, very likely due to the scavenging of hydroxyl radicals by NO. The effect of NO 2 was found to be insignificant. Hg removal in flue gases simulating low rank coal combustion products was found to be less than that from high rank coals, possibly due to the higher H 2 O concentration and lower HCl and SO 2 concentrations of the low rank coals. It is essential, however, to minimize the adverse effect of NO to improve the overall performance of the SiO 2 –TiO 2 nanocomposite.
Direct determination of the specific activity of RNA uniformly labeled with 32P

A simple method for the direct determination of the specific activity of RNA uniformly labeled with 32P is described. The procedure is based on the premise that upon disintegration of 32P to 32S, the phosphodiester bond is broken. Analysis of the rate of decay of the full-length molecule by gel electrophoresis and autoradiography can accurately determine the "intramolecular specific activity" of the RNA. An equation that predicts the relative intensity of the intact RNA molecules remaining as a function of time is presented. These predictions are confirmed using in vitro-synthesized RNA labeled at a known specific activity. This procedure has been used to determine the intramolecular specific activity of RNA labeled in vivo in yeast. It can also be employed to choose the best conditions for experiments utilizing uniformly labeled RNA or single-stranded DNA and requiring the detection of intact molecules.
Synthesis of fault-tolerant concurrent programs

Methods for mechanically synthesizing concurrent programs from temporal logic specifications obviate the need to manually construct a program and compose a proof of its correctness. A serious drawback of extant synthesis methods, however, is that they produce concurrent programs for models of computation that are often unrealistic. In particular, these methods assume completely fault-free operation, that is, the programs they produce are fault-intolerant. In this paper, we show how to mechanically synthesize fault-tolerant concurrent programs for various fault classes. We illustrate our method by synthesizing fault-tolerant solutions to the mutual exclusion and barrier synchronization problems.
EFFECT OF MILL PRACTICE AND MILL ADDITIONS ON THE OPACITY OF ENAMELS

The results are presented on work done to increase the opacity of enamels by mill practice and mill additions, such as milling to abnormal fineness, addition of opacifiers at the end of the milling period, the effect of the addition of feldspar, and the effect of different types of clays.
Enhancing Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Over the Continental United States Using a Ground-Space Multi-Sensor Integration Approach

Quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) based on ground weather radar could be considerably affected by the broadening, ascent, and blockage of the radar beam. These problems are particularly prevalent in mountainous regions. The current study proposes a multi-sensor approach to improve the ground-radar QPE in complex terrain. The proposed method, namely the Vertical Profile of Reflectivity (VPR) Identification and Enhancement (VPR-IE), integrates NOAA's National Mosaic QPE (NMQ) system and NASA's Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation radar (PR) measurements. This study demonstrates promising performance of VPR-IE in the Mountainous West Region of the U.S. The potential error sources of this approach and its real-time implementation over the Continental United States are addressed as well.
Modulation of [3H]serotonin release by dihydropyridines in spinal cord synaptosomes

Abstract The release of [ 3 H]monoamines from preloaded synaptosomes from spinal cord is K + -dependent and can be modulated by L-type Ca 2+ channel agonists such as the 1,4-dihydropyridine (1,4-DHP), Bay K 8644. Whereas the basal release of [ 3 H]monoamines was not altered by Bay K 8644, K + -stimulated release of [ 3 H]norepinephrine was enhanced 35% and [ 3 H]serotonin 50%. Modulation of release by Bay K 8644 was dependent on the K + concentration in the medium, being present only at submaximal depolarization with 15 mM K + . Enhanced release in the presence of Bay K 8644 was concentration-dependent and Ca 2+ -dependent. Ca 2+ -independent release induced by fenfluramine was not enhanced by Bay K 8644. Both nimodipine and nitrendipine, 1,4-DHP antagonists, produced a concentration-dependent block of the Bay K 8644-induced monoamine release and had no independent effect on basal or K + -stimulated release. ω-Conotoxin GVIA (ω-CgTx) produced a concentration dependent decrease of K + -stimulated serotonin release, which antagonized the stimulatory effect of low concentrations of Bay K 8644. However, ω-CgTx did not alter the enhancement of K + -stimulated release at higher concentrations of Bay K 8644. The data from the present work establish the conditions for modulation of K + -evoked monoamine release in spinal cord by 1,4-DHP agonists and suggest a role for the L-type voltage dependent Ca 2+ channel in this process.
ELLIPTIC OPERATORS AND SOLUTIONS OF COHOMOLOGICAL EQUATIONS FOR GEODESIC FLOWS WITH HYPERBOLIC BEHAVIOR

In this paper we study the space of smooth functions on the unit tangent bundle SM to a compact negatively curved surface M that are eigenfunctions of the infinitesimal generator of the action of SO(2) on SM, and that have zero integrals over all periodic orbits of the geodesic flow on SM. It is proved that the space of such functions is finite dimensional. In the case of constant negative curvature a complete description of this space is obtained.
The effect of container size on dendritic growth in microgravity

We revisit our stagnant film model of the effect of natural convection on the dendrite operating state (velocity V and tip radius ϱ) and focus attention on possible effects of the container size used in the microgravity experiments of Glicksman et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 73 (1994) 573; ISIJ Int. 35 (1995) 604]. We find that the thickness, δ, of the stagnant boundary layer is always much larger than ϱ. In earth's gravity, δ is always much smaller than the characteristic size Rc of the container, but in microgravity, δ is comparable to Rc. A model in which δ = 1 cm fits the microgravity data for V and ϱ as a function of supercooling about as well as one in which the value of δ is based on natural convection in an infinite container.
D2O Water Interaction with Textured Carboxylic Acid-Terminated Monolayer Surfaces Characterized by Temperature-Programmed Desorption and Molecular Dynamics

We have used a combination of temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to characterize interactions between water and carboxylic acid-terminated surfaces. In the TPD experiments, D2O water interacts with alkylthiol self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) comprised of 3-mercaptopropionic acid (C3 acid), 15-mercaptopentadecaonic acid (C15 acid), 16-mercaptohexadenoic acid (C16 acid), or two-component monolayers of these constituents. Water TPD spectra exhibit broad, first-order desorption profiles with maximum desorption temperatures ranging from 168 K during desorption from the C16 acid to a maximum desorption temperature of 200 K when water desorbs from the C3 acid surface. For water desorption from the C15 acid and for the two-component surfaces, desorption traces adopt intermediate profiles between these two extremes. Desorption activation energies range from 42 and 50 kJ mol−1. In the MD studies, submonolayer concentrations of adsorbed water interact with sla...
Effect of Zidovudine (AZT) on reproductive and hematopoietic systems in the male rat

The effects of Zidovudine (AZT) on parameters of the reproductive and hematopoietic systems of male rats were evaluated and compared to those of the controls. Young male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. The control rats (Group 1) received no drug. AZT was administered via drinking water to rats in Groups 2 and 3 (0.1 mg/mL Group 2, and 1.0 mg/mL Group 3) for 4 weeks. Daily water intake and weekly body weight were monitored. Serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (T), prolactin (PRL) and intratesticular T levels were determined by specific radioimmunoassays. Serum AZT was measured by HPLC. Bone-marrow toxicity was monitored by colony-forming units of erythroid (CFU-E) and granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) assays. The body weight of all rats increased 2-fold in four weeks, and no significant differences were observed between control and treated groups. Ventral prostate (VP) weight decreased significantly (P less than 0.05) by 32% in Group 2 and 27% in Group 3 rats, compared to the control group. Seminal vesicle (SV) weight decreased by 20% in Group 2 (NS) and 30% in Group 3 (P less than 0.05) rats. No significant differences were observed in testes weight or in the intratesticular sperm count between control and AZT-treated groups. Serum T levels (ng/mL) decreased significantly in Group 2 rats (2.8 +/- 0.4 in control to 1.7 +/- 0.2, P less than 0.05) but recovered (2.6 +/- 0.5) in Group 3 when compared to Group 1 (control). Serum LH and PRL levels showed a significant increase (P less than 0.05) in Group 3 compared to control or Group 2 rats. Serum FSH and intratesticular T levels showed no significant change. A significant (P less than 0.05) dose-dependent decrease in CFU-E and in CFU-GM was observed in AZT-treated rats compared to controls. These results demonstrate that the effects of AZT on the reproductive system in the male rat are more subtle and complex, compared to its significant effects on bone-marrow. This suggests that important interactions may exist between the endocrine and hematopoietic systems.
A transient two-dimensional chemically reactive flow model: Fuel particle combustion in a nonquiescent environment

A numerical model based on the spectral element method has been developed to simulate transient two-dimensional chemically reactive flows. Our numerical formulation is not only capable of including realistic transport and chemical kinetics but is also sufficiently flexible to model combustion systems in various complex geometries. In the present study, this numerical method has enable, for the first time, the two-dimensional transient solutions of two different fuel particle combustion problems in a nonquiescent environment that includes coupled convection, detailed molecular transport, and elemental chemical kinetics. The simulations performed reveal the effects of low Reynolds number flow on the ignition and flame structure development of a spherical nonpremixed CO/air flame and on the gasification behavior of a small (200 μm in diameter) carbon particle. At a Reynolds number of unity, the steady-state non-premixed CO/air flame is spherically symmetric; however, during the ignition process, deviations from spherical symmetry are significant. As for the carbon particle simulation, the burning mode of the particle is sensitive to the Reynolds number (in the range of 0 Re Re =1 (or less) with the presence of a reacive boundary layer surrounding the particle to a heterogeneous kinetics-controlled, slow burning mode at Re =10 with nontrivial gas-phase chemistry in the wake.
Targeting relatives of patients with primary open angle glaucoma: the help the family glaucoma project.

Purpose: To assess the knowledge of patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and their family members about OAG risk factors and to study the referral of family members for eye examinations. Design: Cross-sectional survey and prospective cohort study. Methods: We interviewed OAG patients (probands) at the Wilmer Eye Institute and their biologically related parents, siblings, and children about their knowledge of OAG risk factors. Qualified family members were offered an eye examination through the EyeCare America program. Three months after initial contact, a follow-up telephone questionnaire determined the outcome of the referral. Results: Among 102 probands and 100 (of 230 eligible) family members who were interviewed, there was high awareness that OAG is related to older age (85% both groups). More probands knew of the association with higher intraocular pressure (95%) compared with family (78%). Yet, 21% of both groups were not aware that OAG is hereditary, and only 53% of probands and 30% of family members knew that OAG is more common in certain ethnic groups. Only two-thirds of probands had suggested that family members have an eye examination. Eighty percent of family members had had an eye examination within the last year; of 21 with no recent examination, 66% (13/21) accepted referral. Conclusions: The Help the Family Glaucoma project developed a novel approach to identify those at high-risk for OAG. Screening of relatives of OAG patients deserves further study in a more representative selection of the general population.
ATM inhibitor KU-55933 increases the TMZ responsiveness of only inherently TMZ sensitive GBM cells

Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase is critical in sensing and repairing DNA double-stranded breaks (DSBs) such as those induced by temozolomide (TMZ). ATM deficiency increases TMZ sensitivity, which suggests that ATM inhibitors may be effective TMZ sensitizing agents. In this study, the TMZ sensitizing effects of 2 ATM specific inhibitors were studied in established and xenograft-derived glioblastoma (GBM) lines that are inherently sensitive to TMZ and derivative TMZ-resistant lines. In parental U251 and U87 glioma lines, the addition of KU-55933 to TMZ significantly increased cell killing compared to TMZ alone [U251 survival: 0.004 ± 0.0015 vs. 0.08 ± 0.01 (p < 0.001), respectively, and U87 survival: 0.02 ± 0.005 vs. 0.04 ± 0.002 (p < 0.001), respectively] and also elevated the fraction of cells arrested in G2/M [U251 G2/M fraction: 61.8 ± 1.1 % vs. 35 ± 0.8 % (p < 0.001), respectively, and U87 G2/M fraction 25 ± 0.2 % vs.18.6 ± 0.4 % (p < 0.001), respectively]. In contrast, KU-55933 did not sensitize the resistant lines to TMZ, and neither TMZ alone or combined with KU-55933 induced a G2/M arrest. While KU-55933 did not enhance TMZ induced Chk1/Chk2 activation, it increased TMZ-induced residual γ-H2AX foci in the parental cells but not in the TMZ resistant cells. Similar sensitization was observed with either KU-55933 or CP-466722 combined with TMZ in GBM12 xenograft line but not in GBM12TMZ, which is resistant to TMZ due to MGMT overexpression. These findings are consistent with a model where ATM inhibition suppresses the repair of TMZ-induced DSBs in inherently TMZ-sensitive tumor lines, which suggests an ATM inhibitor potentially could be deployed with an improvement in the therapeutic window when combined with TMZ.
Identifying religious and/or spiritual perspectives of adolescents and young adults receiving blood and marrow transplants: a prospective qualitative study.

Abstract The potential benefits (or detriments) of religious beliefs in adolescent and young adults (AYA) are poorly understood. Moreover, the literature gives little guidance to health care teams or to chaplains about assessing and addressing the spiritual needs of AYA receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). We used an institutional review board–approved, prospective, longitudinal study to explore the use of religion and/or spirituality (R/S) in AYA HSCT recipients and to assess changes in belief during the transplantation experience. We used the qualitative methodology, grounded theory, to gather and analyze data. Twelve AYA recipients were interviewed within 100 days of receiving HSCT and 6 participants were interviewed 1 year after HSCT; the other 6 participants died. Results from the first set of interviews identified 5 major themes: using R/S to address questions of "why me?" and "what will happen to me;" believing God has a reason; using faith practices; and benefitting from spiritual support people. The second set of interviews resulted in 4 major themes: believing God chose me; affirming that my life has a purpose; receiving spiritual encouragement; and experiencing strengthened faith. We learned that AYA patients were utilizing R/S far more than we suspected and that rather than losing faith in the process of HSCT, they reported using R/S to cope with illness and HSCT and to understand their lives as having special purpose. Our data, supported by findings of adult R/S studies, suggest that professionally prepared chaplains should be proactive in asking AYA patients about their understanding and use of faith, and the data can actively help members of the treatment team understand how AYA are using R/S to make meaning, address fear, and inform medical decisions.
Disorders of language in children

T H E purpose of this paper is to consider children who either are significantly delayed in language development or who acquire language in an atypical or disordered fashion. Emphasis will be placed primarily on the "aphasic" child. Attempts will be made to identify this child and others for whom language development is not the orderly process it is for children who normally develop verbal (symbol) behavior during the second year of life. Language implies a system of symbols, oral or visible, used for purposes of communication. These symbols include spoken words, gestures, and written words.t Speech includes both the system of symbols and the manner in which they are produced. In a more limited sense speech refers to the phonation and articulation of oral language.
INJURY AS DISEASE

Consideration of injury as disease is an arbitrary distinction that nonetheless may have some utility. The disease concept includes the understanding that the agents and mechanisms of human/environmental interaction for injury causation are similar to those for many of the chronic diseases, with differences in the timing rather than the agent or mechanism of the transmission. As with other aspects of medical practice, injury control requires careful and knowledgeable epidemiologic, technological, psychological and social planning, and equally careful and knowledgeable attention to proper evaluation of intervention programs. Such evaluation has rarely been attempted with behavioral interventions but has been carried out somewhat more often with environmental countermeasures. Evaluation of both costs and benefits must include attention to factors that often cannot be measured in economic terms and that may differ not only in degree but in kind. Therefore, no methods for comparability may exist at this time for some of these costs and effects.
Formation of uniform colloidal iron(III) oxides in ethylene glycol-water solutions

The aging of ferric chloride in ethylene glycol-water mixtures in the presence of chloride and phosphate ions has been carried out at 100 °C. The morphology and the structure of the resulting ferric (hydrous) oxide colloidal particles obtained under various conditions were evaluated by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction analysis.
Universal approximation theorem for uninorm-based fuzzy systems modeling

Abstract Most existing universal approximation results for fuzzy systems are based on the assumption that we use t-norms and t-conorms to represent “and” and “or.” Yager has proposed to use, within the fuzzy systems modeling paradigm, more general operations based on uninorms. In this paper, we show that the universal approximation property holds for an arbitrary choice of a uninorm.
Feature extraction through discrete wavelet transform coefficients

Discrete wavelet transform has become a widely used feature extraction tool in pattern recognition and pattern classification applications. However, using all wavelet coefficients as features is not desirable in most applications -- the enormity of data and irrelevant wavelet coefficients may adversely affect the performance. Therefore, this paper presents a novel feature extraction method based on discrete wavelet transform. In this method, Shannon's entropy measure is used for identifying competent wavelet coefficients. The features are formed by calculating the energy of coefficients clustered around the competent clusters. The method is applied to the lung sound classification problem. The experimental results show that the new method performs better than a well-known feature extraction method that is known to give the best results for lung sound classification problem.
Evaluating stability of the performance‐satisfaction relationship across selected lodging market segments

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to illustrate new methods of examining structural differences among segmented markets beyond comparing merely univariate variable mean scores, so as to help marketers and researchers gain better insights into segment differences for meaningful strategy development.Design/methodology/approach – A comprehensive dataset covering various lodging market segments was constructed from Tripadvisor.com. The data then were sorted into lodging customer segments by star rating, type of operation, and level of price charged. Structural equation modeling with the −2 log‐likelihood difference test was conducted to illustrate how effectively the differences, if any, of market segments could be assessed in contrast to the traditional mean‐score comparison approach.Findings – Guest satisfaction was influenced by the same performance variable to the same magnitude and direction across different lodging segments examined. Such stability in the amount of influence of performance on guest...
A lagrangian system with an exponential-type potential

Abstract The dynamical system determined by the Lagrangian, L = 1 2 e A a · q A q · q + e A b · q , is studied. An analytical solution is given in closed form for this system when the total energy is zero. Two kinds of representations are presented for the solution, which are based on Hamilton's equations and Maupertuis' principle. Application of this solution to geometrical acoustics is presented.
A growth chamber for the production of 14C-labeled salt marsh plants and its application to smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora Loisel

Abstract An inexpensive growth chamber of simple construction is described and is shown suitable for the culture of Spartina alterniflora Loisel in a labeled ( 14 CO 2 ) atmosphere. The smallest plants were least tolerant to transplant and trimming. The biomass which survived transplant was ≈ 684 g dry weight/m 2 . Carbon dioxide uptake and O 2 evolution by growing plants and associated benthic microalgae were followed for 2 months. Increase of Spartina biomass indicated a whole plant net production of 713 g dry weight/m 2 /year. Spartina net production was 25 % of its gross production and 86 % of total net production ( Spartina plus benthic microalgae). These Spartina production values and ratios are similar to those observed in natural Spartina marshes. Average specific activities of plant tissues were 42.4 gmCi/g C for new leaves and 16.0 and 14.0 μCi/g C for stem bases and roots, respectively. The tissues are suitable for experimental studies of breakdown and utilization of Spartina by microbial heterotrophs and detritus consumers. The chamber could be used in conjunction with existing techniques for seed germination and seedling growth to produce uniformly labeled Spartina plants.
Some differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s conceptions of transcendental philosophy

This article compares the differences between Kant’s and Husserl’s conceptions of the “transcendental.” It argues that, for Kant, the term “transcendental” stands for what is otherwise called “metaphysical,” i.e. non-empirical knowledge. As opposed to his predecessors, who had believed that such non-empirical knowledge was possible for meta-physical, i.e. transcendent objects, Kant’s contribution was to show how there can be non-empirical (a priori) knowledge not about transcendent objects, but about the necessary conditions for the experience of natural, non-transcendent objects. Hence the transcendental for Kant ends up connoting a philosophy that claims to show how subjective forms of intuition and thinking have objective validity for all objects as appearances. By contrast, Husserl’s phenomenological philosophy takes a different set of problems for its starting point. His quest is to avoid the uncertainty of empirical knowledge about all kinds of objects that present themselves to us as something other than, something transcendent to, consciousness. Transcendental or reliable knowledge is made possible through the phenomenological reduction that focuses strictly on consciousness as immediately self-given to itself—reflection upon “pure” consciousness. The contents of such consciousness are not the same for everyone and at every time, so they are not necessary and invariant in the way that Kant’s pure forms of subjectivity are. Since Husserl however also claims that the all objects, as intentional objects, are constituted in and for consciousness, an investigation into the structures of pure subjectivity can also be called “transcendental” in a further sense of showing the genesis of our knowledge of objects that are transcendent to consciousness. Moreover, since Husserl’s philosophical interest is precisely upon the structures of that consciousness, he also concentrates on necessary conditions for the constitution of these objects in his philosophical work. Hence, there ends up being a great deal of overlap between his own transcendental project and Kant’s in spite of the differences in what each of them means by the term “transcendental.”
EEG changes in experimental phenylketonuria.

Abstract 1. 1. EEG records of both resting activity and response to photic stimulation were obtained from PKU (phenylketonuria) and normal monkeys. 2. 2. The resting record of the PKU animals showed a predominance of slow waves whereas that of the normal animals displayed a predominance of high frequency activity. Although the PKU animals had clinical seizures, there were no records which contained 3/sec spikes and waves. 3. 3. In comparison to normal monkeys, some PKU animals had a reduced following response to photic stimulation. There was a trend toward greater deficits in following with increasing age in the PKU monkeys.
The Uncanny Unnamable in Doris Lessing’s The Fifth Child and Ben, in the World

In The Fifth Child and Ben, in the World, Nobel Laureate Doris Lessing creates a character whose naming attempts to socialize the unsocializable. In the first novel, Harriet and David Lovatt raise four edenic children, until the birth of Ben, their atavistic son. Exiled, Ben reappears as the sequel’s title character, a monstrous throwback searching the globe for home. Among a multitude of biblical and traditional given names, a surname that requires the family to ‘love it,’ and a world of modern and ancient place names, Lessing’s onomastic choices underscore her themes of identity and belonging.
The human dopamine transporter forms a tetramer in the plasma membrane: cross-linking of a cysteine in the fourth transmembrane segment is sensitive to cocaine analogs.

Using cysteine cross-linking, we demonstrated previously that the dopamine transporter (DAT) is at least a homodimer, with the extracellular end of transmembrane segment (TM) 6 at a symmetrical dimer interface. We have now explored the possibility that DAT exists as a higher order oligomer in the plasma membrane. Cysteine cross-linking of wild type DAT resulted in bands on SDS-PAGE consistent with dimer, trimer, and tetramer, suggesting that DAT forms a tetramer in the plasma membrane. A cysteine-depleted DAT (CD-DAT) into which only Cys243 or Cys306 was reintroduced was cross-linked to dimer, suggesting that these endogenous cysteines in TM4 and TM6, respectively, were cross-linked at a symmetrical dimer interface. Reintroduction of both Cys243 and Cys306 into CD-DAT led to a pattern of cross-linking indistinguishable from that of wild type, with dimer, trimer, and tetramer bands. This indicated that the TM4 interface and the TM6 interface are distinct and further suggested that DAT may exist in the plasma membrane as a dimer of dimers, with two symmetrical homodimer interfaces. The cocaine analog MFZ 2–12 and other DAT inhibitors, including benztropine and mazindol, protected Cys243 against cross-linking. In contrast, two substrates of DAT, dopamine and tyramine, did not significantly impact cross-linking. We propose that the impairment of cross-linking produced by the inhibitors results from a conformational change at the TM4 interface, further demonstrating that these compounds are not neutral blockers but by themselves have effects on the structure of the transporter.
Low temperature epitaxial growth of 3C-SiC on (111) silicon substrates

Abstract 3C-SiC single crystals have been grown epitaxially on (111) silicon substrates at relatively low temperature of 850 to 900°C and pressure of 1 Torr. The growth method was similar to electron assisted chemical vapor deposition (EACVD). Reflection high energy electron diffraction patterns showed that a layer of 3C-SiC single crystalline was formed on the Si wafer. Auger electron spectroscopy measurement showed that the layers were stoichiometric.
Scaling of plantarflexor muscle activity and postural time-to-contact in response to upper-body perturbations in young and older adults

In this study, we describe and compare the compensatory responses of healthy young and older adults to sequentially increasing upper-body perturbations. The scaling of plantarflexor muscular activity and minimum time-to-contact (TtCMIN) was examined, and we determined whether TtCMIN predictions of instability (stepping transitions) for the older subjects were similar to those we previously reported for younger subjects (Hasson et al. in J Biomech 41:2121–2129, 2008). We found that the older subjects stepped at a lower perturbation level than the younger subjects; however, this response was appropriate based on their greater center of mass (CoM) accelerations, which may have been caused by differences in pre-perturbation states between the age groups. Although the CoM acceleration increased linearly with perturbation magnitude, the amount of gastrocnemius and soleus muscular activity increased nonlinearly in both age groups. There were no differences in the maximum plantarflexor torque responses, suggesting that the maximum torque capabilities of the older subjects were not limiting factors. As previously demonstrated in the younger subjects, the older subjects showed a quadratic decrease in TtCMIN with increasing perturbation magnitude. The vertices of the quadratics gave accurate predictions of stepping transitions in both age groups, even though the older subjects stepped at lower perturbation magnitudes. By probing the postural system’s behavior through sequentially increasing upper-body perturbations, we observed a complementary nonlinear scaling of muscle activity and TtCMIN, which suggests that subjects could use TtC or a correlate as an informational variable to help determine whether a step is necessary.
An object-oriented approach to software development for autonomous decentralized systems

Most distributed computing systems are required to be reliable, adaptable, and expandable to dynamically changing environments. A type of system with online maintainability, expandability, and testability and fault tolerant capability, called an autonomous decentralized system (ADS), is discussed. Although the hardware and system software of ADSs support the online properties, systematic development methodologies for ADSs are needed. An object-oriented approach to application software development for ADSs is presented. Achieving online expandability of the application software and the software design phase are emphasized. >
Parallel discrete-event simulation of FCFS stochastic queueing networks

Physical systems are inherently parallel; intuition suggests that simulations of these systems may be amenable to parallel execution. The parallel execution of a discrete-event simulation requires careful synchronization of processes in order to ensure the execution's correctness; this synchronization can degrade performance. Largely negative results were recently reported in a study which used a well-known synchronization method on queueing network simulations. In this paper we discuss a synchronization method, appointments, which has proven itself to be effective on simulations of FCFS queueing networks. The key concept behind appointments is the provision of lookahead. Lookahead is a prediction on a processor's future behavior, based on an analysis of the processor's simulation state. We show how lookahead can be computed for FCFS queueing network simulations, give performance data that demonstrates the method's effectiveness under moderate to heavy loads, and discuss performance trade-offs between the quality of lookahead, and the cost of computing lookahead.
Reactions of dinitrogen and hydrazido(2-) complexes of molybdenum containing a tridentate ligand : the effect of adding reducing agents upon ammonia formation

Abstract The reaction of HBr with trans-[Mo(N2)2(dppee)(PR3)] (1), where dppee = O(CH2CH2PPh2)2 and PR3 = PPh3, PPh2Me, in CH2Cl2 yields a hydrazido(2-) complex which reacts further to form ammonia and hydrazine. During this reaction an intermediate can be isolated which upon hydrolysis produces hydrazine in almost quantitative yield. Addition of SnCl2 (4 mol), a two-electron reducing agent, to the reaction mixture causes a doubling of the ammonia yield and concomitant decrease in the yield of N2. The relationship to the electrochemical two-electron reduction of two different hydrazido(2-) complexes will be discussed.