cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Delay in indexing articles published in major pharmacy practice journals.

Purpose The delay in time from entry in the PubMed database to indexing with medical subject heading (MeSH) terms for articles published in three major pharmacy practice journals was evaluated. Methods In April 2013, MEDLINE data were retrieved for articles published in the American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy (AJHP) , the Annals of Pharmacotherapy , and Pharmacotherapy between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2011. Data collected for each article included the PubMed entry date, MeSH indexing date, and publication type. The PubMed entry date was defined as the Entrez date, the date the citation was added to the PubMed database. Medians and interquartile ranges (IQRs) were calculated for the time to indexing of articles and for the age of unindexed articles. The proportion of unindexed articles was also calculated. Results A total of 1626 publications were reviewed. Overall, the median time to indexing with MeSH terms was 114 days (IQR, 98–141 days): 107 days (IQR, 94–129 days) for AJHP , 131 days (IQR, 104–157 days) for Annals of Pharmacotherapy , and 114 days (IQR, 99–128 days) for Pharmacotherapy . The median age of unindexed articles was 807 days (IQR, 671–807 days). Conclusion An analysis of three major pharmacy practice journals showed that the median time to indexing articles published in 2010 and 2011 was 114 days. While all articles from AJHP and Pharmacotherapy were indexed, 40 articles from Annals of Pharmacotherapy remained unindexed.
Studies on the Comparative Value of Intravenous Sclerosing Substances

Ochsner and Garside1 reported the results of their studies on the effect of intravenous injection of 20 different sclerosing solutions. This paper is a report of the continuation of that work, comprising a similar study of 9 additional solutions.Method. The methods used were the same as those previously employed. Eighteen dogs were used, and 4 injections were made at different levels in the veins of each leg, thus making 16 injections of a sclerosing substance in each dog. Only one drug was used for each leg, but different drugs were sometimes injected into each leg of the animal. Five-tenths cc. of each of the following solutions were injected into 16 veins:The area of injection was marked and subsequently the veins were cautiously removed under local anesthesia to prevent the dislodgement of thrombi. The more distal segments of vein were removed first.Sections were removed at the following intervals: 1/2, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 hr., 3, 4, 6, 10, 14, 21 days, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Thus, there were 16 secti...
Comparison of in situ versus in vitro methods of fiber digestion at 120 and 288 hours to quantify the indigestible neutral detergent fiber fraction of corn silage samples

Ruminal digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) is affected in part by the proportion of NDF that is indigestible (iNDF), and the rate at which the potentially digestible NDF (pdNDF) is digested. Indigestible NDF in forages is commonly determined as the NDF residue remaining after long-term in situ or in vitro incubations. Rate of pdNDF digestion can be determined by measuring the degradation of NDF in ruminal in vitro or in situ incubations at multiple time points, and fitting the change in residual pdNDF by time with log-transformed linear first order or nonlinear mathematical treatments. The estimate of indigestible fiber is important because it sets the pool size of potentially digestible fiber, which in turn affects the estimate of the proportion of potentially digestible fiber remaining in the time series analysis. Our objective was to compare estimates of iNDF based on in vitro (IV) and in situ (IS) measurements at 2 fermentation end points (120 and 288h). Further objectives were to compare the subsequent rate, lag, and estimated total-tract NDF digestibility (TTNDFD) when iNDF from each method was used with a 7 time point in vitro incubation of NDF to model fiber digestion. Thirteen corn silage samples were dried and ground through a 1-mm screen in a Wiley mill. A 2×2 factorial trial was conducted to determine the effect of time of incubation and method of iNDF analysis on iNDF concentration; the 2 factors were method of iNDF analysis (IS vs. IV) and incubation time (120 vs. 288h). Four sample replicates were used, and approximately 0.5g/sample was weighed into each Ankom F 0285 bag (Ankom Technology, Macedon, NY; pore size=25 µm) for all techniques. The IV-120 had a higher estimate of iNDF (37.8% of NDF) than IS-120 (32.1% of NDF), IV-288 (31.2% of NDF), or IS-288 technique (25.7% of NDF). Each of the estimates of iNDF was then used to calculate the rate of degradation of pdNDF from a 7 time point in vitro incubation. When the IV-120 NDF residue was used, the subsequent rates of pdNDF digestion were fastest (2.8% h(-1)) but the estimate of lag was longest (10.3h), compared with when iNDF was based on the IS-120 or IV-288 NDF residues (rates of 2.3%h(-1) and 2.4%h(-1); lag times of 9.7 and 9.8 h, respectively). Rate of pdNDF degradation was slowest (2.1% h(-1)) when IS-288 NDF residue was used as the estimate of iNDF. The estimate of lag based on IS-288 (9.4h) was similar to lag estimates calculated when IS-120 or IV-288 were used as the estimate of iNDF. The TTNDFD estimates did not differ between treatments (35.5%), however, because differences in estimated pools of iNDF resulted in subsequent changes in rates and lag times of fiber digestion that tended to cancel out. Estimates of fiber digestion kinetic parameters and TTNDFD were similar when fit to either the linear or nonlinear fiber degradation models. All techniques also yielded estimates of iNDF that were higher than predicted iNDF based on the commonly used ratio of 2.4 × lignin.
Progress on Voice Call Continuity Standardization

The Voice Call Continuity (VCC)-based IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) solution can accomplish Circuit Switched (CS)-IMS handover and is a approach to Fixed-mobile Convergence (FMC). The VCC solution is based on the IMS control model. As an IMS application, VCC enables continuity of services through call control procedures. The IMS-based VCC solution could achieve FMC without changing the mobile network.
WINTER REGIME OF A TIDAL INLET IN THE ARCTIC AND THE USE OF AIR BUBBLES FOR THE PROTECTION OF WHARF STRUCTURES

Shipping in the Canadian Arctic is limited to about 2i months in summer. Curing this short period all communities have to be supplied with sufficient provisions and fuel to last the long winters. The Department of Public Works of Canada has built wharves and docking facilities in various Arctic centres to speed up the unloading operations. Many of the conventional pile structures have been destroyed by the 6 ft. thick ice layer which grips the piles and moves them up and down in response to the tide. To prevent this, an air bubbler system was installed three years ago at Tuktoyaktuk, N.W.T. to inhibit the formation of ice around the wharf.' This unit has been operating successfully since that time and no further damage has been reported. This first success inspired the installation of a second unit at Cambridge Bay, N.W.T. where similar difficulties were being encountered. The air bubbler system at Cambridge Bay did not fulfill its promise and the wharf was damaged. This had been predicted, but the success at Tuktoyaktuk - despite the suspected influence of the Mackenzie River - was a mystery. In April 1961 the author investigated the bubbler system and its oceanographic environment at Cambridge Bay, and in April 1962 those in Tuktoyaktuk. The results of these surveys are reports in the following paragraphs.
The Limit Behavior of Power-transformed Threshold ARMA-ARCH Model under Random Environment

In this article,a new class of ARCH model,called power-transformed threshold ARMA-ARCH model under random environment,is proposed.The sufficient condition for its convergence is obtained.
Results of surveillance of cholera in Hunan Province in 2005

Objective To grasp the prevalent trend and contamination conditions of Vibrio Cholerae in water bodies and foods and provide basis for preventing and controlling eholera.Methods Active surveillance,passive surveillanee,special survey,held epidemiologieal survey,ect.were conducted to monitor the distribution and contamination conditions of Vibrio Cholerea patients,en- vironmental water bodies,aquatic products,foods.Results The positive rate of diarrhea patients was 0.02%.All the strains iso- lated were Vibrio Cholerae O~(139).The positive rate in natural environments and foods was 0.04% .Of the 16 positive samples 8 were from water bodies and 8 from aquatic products.There 13 outbreaks were reported in the whole year and 11 occurred at dinner parties. There 43 cholera patients and 29 health earriers were identified all of them were infected withy V.Cholerae O_(139).Twenty stains were testified to be the toxigenic Vibrio cholerae.The strains isolated from patients,health carriers and soft-shelled turtles were highly homologous.Conclusion The pathogenic surveillance of cholera is the important measure for early detection of eholera outbreak and understand the changing trend of the outbreak in time.The work of surveillance of marine and aquatie products,especially the soft-shelled turtles in rural markets be strengthened.
Chemotherapy of hormonally unresponsive prostatic carcinoma.

SUMMARY Traditional endocrine management remains the most effective palliative management of patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma. However, the further employment of endocrine treatment in endocrine-unresponsive patients has been shown to be of little value. Chemotherapy has emerged as the major potential effective therapy in such patients, but dissimilar and often inadequate response criteria have made evaluation of most chemotherapeutic trials difficult. Utilizing the most widely accepted current response criteria, the National Prostatic Cancer Project has evaluated single and combination agents through randomized trials in the cooperative group setting. Though regression rates have been modest, a number of drugs have been shown to be effective in hormone-unresponsive patients: cyclophosphamide, 5-fluorouracil, methotrexate, cis-platinum, and estramustine phosphate. Currently, these agents are being used in combination to determine if added efficacy is achievable without undue toxicity. Current trials will also assay the efficacy of the new LHRH agonists and the antiandrogen flutamide. Through these and future randomized studies, the clinician will be able to select the best chemotherapeutic agent when his patient fails endocrine management. The major significance of the NPCP trials that have been conducted thus far is that they have demonstrated a role for chemotherapy in the patient who fails hormone treatment with the expectation of at least some extension of reasonable quality of life.
Analogues of classical antifolates bearing naphthoyl in place of benzoyl.

Molecular graphics approximating the binding of methotrexate (MTX) to human dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) reveal a large open space in the protein structure which could accommodate potential inhibitors bearing in their side chains groups of greater bulk than the benzoyl of the normal folate or a classical antifolate. Candidate structures having larger groups may be readily designed to retain conformation needed for binding by key groups, such as the salt-bridge forming α-carboxyl group of the glutamic acid part. These observations prompted us to synthesize 4-amino-l-naphthoyl analogues of known antifolates in order to test the indications that inclusion of such larger or different groups would not lower the tight binding of MTX-related structural types to DHFR.
Identities Related to the Riemann Zeta Function and Periodic Zeta Functions

Several interesting entries from page 196 in the lost notebook are examined. These relate to two of Ramanujan’s papers on integrals.
Ordering Pathway of Block Copolymers under Dynamic Thermal Gradients Studied by in Situ GISAXS

Dynamic thermal gradient-based processes for directed self-assembly of block copolymer (BCP) thin films such as cold zone annealing (CZA) have demonstrated much potential for rapidly fabricating highly ordered patterns of BCP domains with facile orientation control. As a demonstration, hexagonally packed predominantly vertical cylindrical morphology, technologically relevant for applications such as membranes and lithography, was achieved in 1 μm thick cylinder-forming PS-b-PMMA (cBCP) films by applying sharp thermal gradients (CZA-Sharp) at optimum sample sweep rates. A thorough understanding of the molecular level mechanisms and pathways of the BCP ordering that occur during this CZA-S process is presented, useful to fully exploit the potential of CZA-S for large-scale BCP-based device fabrication. To that end, we developed a customized CZA-S assembly to probe the dynamic structure evolution and ordering of the PS-b-PMMA cBCP film in situ as it undergoes the CZA-S process using the grazing incidence sma...
Modulation Doped Field Effect Transistors

Modulation doped field effect transistors (MO DFETs), also called high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and selectively doped heterojunction transistors (SDHTs), have recently emerged as the fastest solid state devices. Ring oscillator propagation delay times as low as 10.2 ps at 300 K and 5.8 ps at 77 K have been demonstrated. MODFET frequency dividers have operated at up to 10.1 GHz input frequency. A 4-kb MODFET RAM has also been fabricated. (A more detailed discussion of the MODFET IC performance may be found in Chapter 9.)
Characterization of Chemical Exchange Using Relaxation Dispersion of Hyperpolarized Nuclear Spins.

Chemical exchange phenomena are ubiquitous in macromolecules, which undergo conformational change or ligand complexation. NMR relaxation dispersion (RD) spectroscopy based on a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill pulse sequence is widely applied to identify the exchange and measure the lifetime of intermediate states on the millisecond time scale. Advances in hyperpolarization methods improve the applicability of NMR spectroscopy when rapid acquisitions or low concentrations are required, through an increase in signal strength by several orders of magnitude. Here, we demonstrate the measurement of chemical exchange from a single aliquot of a ligand hyperpolarized by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (D-DNP). Transverse relaxation rates are measured simultaneously at different pulsing delays by dual-channel 19F NMR spectroscopy. This two-point measurement is shown to allow the determination of the exchange term in the relaxation rate expression. For the ligand 4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene-1-carboximidamide bind...
The impact of a daily "medication time out" in the Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Objective Medical errors play a large role in preventable harms within our health care system. Medications administered in the ICU can be numerous, complex and subject to daily changes. We describe a method to identify medication errors with the potential to improve patient safety. Design A quality improvement intervention featuring a daily medication time out for each patient was performed during rounds. Setting A 12-bed Cardiac Surgical ICU at a single academic institution with approximately 180 beds. Intervention After each patient encounter, the current medication list for the patient was read aloud from the electronic medical record, and the team would determine if any were erroneous or missing. Medication changes were recorded and graded post-hoc according to perceived significance. Results This intervention resulted in 285 medication changes in 347 patient encounters. 179 of the 347 encounters (51.6%) resulted in at least one change. Of the changes observed, 40.4% were categorized as trivial, 50.5% as minor and 9.1% were considered to have significant potential impact on patient care. The average time spent per patient for this intervention was 1.24 (SD 0.65) minutes. Conclusions A daily medication time out should be considered as an additional mechanism for patient safety in the ICU.
Lyric Ecstasies of Queer Time

Dinshaw: To think outside narrative history requires reworking linear temporality. It requires “the rewiring of the senses” (Jacqui Alexander’s words) in order to apprehend an expanded range of tem...
Green Tea Polyphenols Mitigate Gliadin-Mediated Inflammation and Permeability in Vitro

Scope Green tea, a polyphenol-rich beverage, has been reported to mitigate a number of inflammatory and hypersensitivity disorders in laboratory models, and has been shown to moderate pathways related to food allergies in vitro. The present study investigates the impact of decaffeinated green tea extract (GTE) on the digestion of gliadin protein in vitro and the effect of physical interactions with GTE on the ability of gliadin to stimulate celiac disease-related symptoms in vitro. Methods and results Complexation of GTE and gliadin in vitro is confirmed by monitoring increases in turbidity upon titration of GTE into a gliadin solution. This phenomenon is also observed during in vitro digestion when gliadin is exposed to the digestive proteases pepsin and trypsin. SDS-PAGE and enzymatic assays reveal that GTE inhibits digestive protease activity and gliadin digestion. In differentiated Caco-2 cell monolayers as a model of the small intestinal epithelium, complexation of gliadin with GTE reduces gliadin-stimulated monolayer permeability and the release of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. Conclusion There are potential beneficial effects of GTE as an adjuvant therapy for celiac disease through direct interaction between gliadin proteins and green tea polyphenols.
Atypical Inputs in Educational Applications

In large-scale educational assessments, the use of automated scoring has recently become quite common. While the majority of student responses can be processed and scored without difficulty, there are a small number of responses that have atypical characteristics that make it difficult for an automated scoring system to assign a correct score. We describe a pipeline that detects and processes these kinds of responses at run-time. We present the most frequent kinds of what are called non-scorable responses along with effective filtering models based on various NLP and speech processing technologies. We give an overview of two operational automated scoring systems —one for essay scoring and one for speech scoring— and describe the filtering models they use. Finally, we present an evaluation and analysis of filtering models used for spoken responses in an assessment of language proficiency.
Channel Models for Twisted Pair Cable Bundles

Twisted pair cables used in the access network were not built for the frequencies up to 212 MHz used by G.fast. With increasing frequency, the simplified modeling approach used for VDSL2 does no longer give accurate results because the behavior of twisted pair cables changes. This chapter presents measurement data of twisted pair cables at G.fast frequencies and introduces a MIMO cable binder model for the copper access network in the fiber to the distribution point topology.
Molecular Pathogenesis of Campylobacter jejuni Enteritis

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli are now recognized as among the most prevalent causes of bacterial enteritis in both developed and developing countries. Infection rates with C. jejuni in the United States and Great Britain have been estimated at 10 per 1000 population, thus equaling and likely surpassing the rates of Salmonella infection.(1) In addition to causing acute enterocolitis, C. jejuni infection has recently been implicated as a frequent antecedent to the development of Guillain-Barre-type polyneuropathy.(2,3) Despite the recognition of Campylobacter spp. as an important etiologic agent of enteritis, the biologic and molecular pathogenic aspects of Campylobacter enteritis remain ill-defined. There is considerable disagreement whether C. jejuni, like more well-recognized enteropathogens (e.g., Shigella, Escherichia coli, Vibrio cholerae, and Yersinia), produce any readily identifiable pathogenic/virulence determinants such as cytotoxins, entero-toxins, and invasion-related molecules during cultivation in vitro. Enteritis caused by C. jejuni and related species may represent an example of the interactions that occur between pathogens and the host environment and result in the expression of virulence determinants during the pathogenesis of disease.(4) This review summarizes the microbiology and immunology of C. jejuni and concentrates on the available knowledge concerning the molecular bases of disease causation by this organism.
Telomerase inhibitors for the treatment of brain tumors and the potential of intranasal delivery.

A fundamental limitation in the treatment of brain tumors is that 5' thiophosphoramidate telomerase inhibitor, which was successfully administered into intracerebral tumors in rats with no apparent toxicity. GRN-163 exhibited favorable tumor uptake and inhibited tumor growth, leading to prolonged lifespan in treated animals. The IND of telomerase inhibitors represents a new therapeutic approach that appears to selectively kill tumor cells, without inducing toxic effects in the surrounding healthy brain tissue.
DeepSeq: learning browsing log data based personalized security vulnerabilities and counter intelligent measures

Personalization security is a concern with the rising ability to monitor and access public and personal data by organizations, mainly with gradual integration of human life with their devices. In this paper we have shown how simple browsing log data can jeopardize the identity and the personal integrity of a person along with analysis of preventive measures to protect them. As people get digitally enslaved, unknowingly browsing logs inherited certain unique behaviors of the people. It can be characterized and used for monitoring them and their aligned social, professional and organizational counterparts. It is quite a challenge for modern systems to keep attackers at bay and prevent them from gathering and analyzing activity data which can be used to identify specific, easy and valuable targets. Our analysis is based on modeling efficient systems for justification of the possible vulnerabilities and counter-measures through data driven approaches to learn and analyze such data and derive the extent these data can be exploited. Overall, we achieved an accuracy of 85% for identification of targeted characteristics using log data features using deep learning models, which achieved better than other learning models, thus effectively pointing out to the fact that there is severe non-linearity and combination possibilities in the data.
Paired interviews to evaluate patient and proxy responses on patient experience of care surveys (PECS)

Paired interviews are used to evaluate whether a questionnaire functions properly for both the target respondent and an alternate respondent (proxy). We developed a new application of this tool to ...
Fiduciary Duty in India: The Special Case of the Hindu Undivided Family

This chapter explores fiduciary duties in India by examining both those arising from the standard fiduciary situations – agencies, corporation and trusts – as well as those that arise from situations that are fairly unique to India, such as the Hindu Undivided Family (HUF). The HUF is both ubiquitous and of great economic importance in India, but there is little study of the fiduciary duties owed by the person managing the HUF (the “Karta”) to the members of the HUF. This chapter examines this in greater detail by focusing on the formation, operation and partition of a HUF and the role and duties of the Karta. The Karta has considerable power over HUF property, but only limited fiduciary duties (i.e., a duty of loyalty equivalent but not a duty of care). This unusual situation provides us with a window through which to explore fiduciary duties in India and then elucidate some additional factors that may influence the content and development of fiduciary duties.
Sex Differences in Exercise Capacity and Quality of Life in Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction: A Secondary Analysis of the RELAX and NEAT-HFpEF Trials

ABSTRACT Background Few studies have compared clinical characteristics, echocardiographic parameters, exercise capacity, and quality of life between women and men with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Methods and Results Subjects in the NIH-sponsored RELAX (N = 216) and NEAT (N = 107) trials completed baseline echocardiography, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and 6-minute walk test (6MWT). In an exploratory analysis, multivariable linear regression models were used to associate clinical and imaging characteristics with baseline 6MWT distance and MLHFQ score in women and men. Our cohort included 158 (49%) men and 165 (51%) women. Men had higher prevalence of atrial arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease, diabetes, anemia, and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. 6MWT and MLHFQ score did not differ between sexes. In multivariable analysis, ischemic heart disease, diastolic dysfunction, and exercise capacity predicted MLHFQ score for men, whereas only age and body mass index predicted MLHFQ score for women. Conclusions Men with HFpEF had more comorbidities and LV hypertrophy than women with HFpEF. In men, quality of life was associated with diastolic dysfunction, ischemic heart disease, and exercise capacity. Further research is needed to identify determinants of quality of life in women with HFpEF.
Analysis of ARMPS2010 database with LaModel and an updated abutment angle equation

The Analysis of Retreat Mining Pillar Stability (ARMPS) program was developed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) to help the United States coal mining industry to design safe retreat room-and-pillar panels. ARMPS calculates the magnitude of the in-situ and mining-induced loads by using geometrical computations and empirical rules. In particular, the program uses the "abutment angle" concept in calculating the magnitude of the abutment load on pillars adjacent to a gob. In this paper, stress measurements from United States and Australian mines with different overburden geologies with varying hard rock percentages were back analyzed. The results of the analyses indicated that for depths less than 200 m, the ARMPS empirical derivation of a 21° abutment angle was supported by the case histories; however, at depths greater than 200 m, the abutment angle was found to be significantly less than 21°. In this paper, a new equation employing the panel width to overburden depth ratio is constructed for the calculation of accurate abutment angles for deeper mining cases. The new abutment angle equation was tested using both ARMPS2010 and LaModel for the entire case history database of ARMPS2010. The new abutment angle equation to estimate the magnitude of the mining-induced loads used together with the LaModel program was found to give good classification accuracies compared to ARMPS2010 for deep cover cases.
Sexual minorities and teen suicide attempts in a southeastern state with prominent exclusionary policies

This study examines differences in suicide-related behaviors between heterosexual and sexual minority youth in a southeastern state with exclusionary policies. Furthermore, it seeks to further knowledge regarding risk factors for suicide attempts among sexual minority high school students. Utilizing the 2017 Youth Risk Behavior Survey data, descriptive analysis tests, and logistic regression tests were conducted. Findings indicate that sexual minorities were three times as likely to experience suicidal thoughts and plans but four times as likely to attempt suicide. Risk factors were noted for sexual minority youth. Policy advocacy is recommended to decrease suicide-related behaviors among this population.
Getting Oriented, 2005–2010

This chapter consists of ten essays written by Anthony E. Clark between the years of 2005 and 2010, and they represent several of his earliest scholarly reflections on the complex history of Sino-Missionary exchange in late imperial and early modern China. Among the topics discusses and analyzed in these essays are the China-West tensions that emerged during the Boxer Uprising, the multilayered relationship between the “aboveground” and “underground” Catholic communities in mainland China, the Chinese Christian culture surrounding Beijing’s churches, the bishops of Guiyang, and some of the interminable issues that continue to strain the relationship between China’s post-1949 government and the Vatican.
Technical Tip Kerfing for Lapidus Arthrodesis: Deformity Correction With Minimal Bone Resection

The Lapidus arthrodesis can be a powerful but technically challenging procedure. Common pitfalls include gapping at the arthrodesis site, shortening, and residual malalignment. Herein is described a simple and reproducible technique to obtain a congruent arthrodesis site with excellent deformity correction and minimal bone loss by the use of joint kerfing.
International Students’ Willingness to Communicate in English as a Second Language: The Effects of L2 Self-Confidence, Acculturation, and Motivational Types

This study examined factors affecting international students’ willingness to communicate (WTC) in English as a second language (ESL), focusing on second language (L2) self-confidence, acculturation, and motivational types. L2 self-confidence was hypothesized to predict L2 WTC and to mediate the correlation between acculturation and L2 WTC for instrumental motivation learners, but not for integrative ones. Participants were 88 Japanese students studying at a university in California. The results partially confirmed the hypotheses, indicating that both L2 self-confidence and acculturation strongly correlate with L2 WTC, but the mediation effect of L2 self-confidence on the correlation between acculturation and L2 WTC was opposite from the hypothesis, as the mediation effect was significant for integrative motivation learners but not for instrumental ones.
Boundaries of Hate: Ethical Implications of the Discursive Construction of Hate Speech in U.S. Opinion Journalism

In the United States, hate speech sits at the intersection of ethical and legal debates and has a complex relationship with journalism. The First Amendment provides broad legal protections for hate...
A Community Health Worker-Led Intervention to Improve Blood Pressure Control in an Immigrant Community With Comorbid Diabetes: Data From Two Randomized, Controlled Trials Conducted in 2011-2019.

Evidence-based strategies addressing comorbid hypertension and diabetes are needed among minority communities. We analyzed the outcome of blood pressure (BP) control using pooled data from two comm...
Evaluation of metastatic Hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the lung with F-18 FDG PET-CT: A rare lung primary metastatic to trapezius and paraspinal muscles

2040 Introduction: We present a rare case of primary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma (HCCC) of the lung which showed FDG avid metastatic lesions in the muscle and lymph nodes on PET scan not obviously seen on the anatomic imaging. Materials and Method: Review of electronic medical record and institutional PACS Case Report: A 60 year old former smoker African American female presented with left lung abnormality on chest radiograph. Further work up with CT chest revealed a left upper lobe mass which turned out to be a squamous cell carcinoma on initial core biopsy. Subsequently patient underwent left upper lobectomy and postoperative biopsy revealed infiltrative tumor with morphology and molecular rearrangement keeping with diagnosis of HCCC. Patient was on yearly surveillance with chest Computerized Tomograms (CT). New bilateral lung nodules concerning for metastases were detected on CT scan five years after tumor resection. No other suspicious lesions were seen on the CT scans. F-18 FDG PET-CT was obtained was obtained to evaluate the extent of disease in the remainder of the body. Other metastatic lesions were seen including right supraclavicular lymph node and focal lesion in the right trapezius muscle. Right trapezius muscle lesion was biopsied and results were consistent with metastatic HCCC. Patient was started on chemotherapy with carboplatin and paclitaxel. 4 month follow up PET-CT showed progression with new metastasis in the left paraspinal muscle. There was also increase in size and metabolic activity of known right supraclavicular lymph node and right trapezius muscle metastases. Conclusion: To our knowledge there are no previously reported cases of primary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma of the lung followed up with F-18 FDG PET-CT. Hypermetabolic muscular and small lymph nodal metastases detected on PET scan were not appreciated on anatomic imaging. Given the intense metabolic activity of the metastatic lesions in our case, it would be beneficial to include F-18 FDG PET-CT in the diagnosis and follow up of these patients.
Intraoperative pathology consultation during urological surgery: Impact on final margin status and pitfalls of frozen section diagnosis

Despite recent improvements in diagnostic and surgical techniques in urological oncology, positive resection margin remains a significant concern for surgeons. Meanwhile, intraoperative pathology consultation with frozen section assessment (FSA), particularly for histological diagnosis of the lesions incidentally found or enlarged or sentinel lymph nodes, generally provides critical information which enables immediate decision making for optimal patient care. The intraoperative evaluation of surgical margins is also often requested, although there are some differences in its application between institutions and surgeons. Importantly, it remains to be determined whether intraoperative FSA indeed contributes to reducing the risk of final positive margins and thereby improving long-term patient outcomes. This review summarizes available data indicating the potential impact of FSA at the surgical margins during urological surgeries, including radical or partial cystectomy, partial nephrectomy, radical prostatectomy, penectomy, and orchiectomy. The accuracy and pitfalls of the intraoperative consultation/FSA diagnosis are also discussed.
Shoulder Soft Tissue Injuries

The evaluation and diagnosis of shoulder pain is a common challenge encountered by primary care providers. The differential for shoulder pain is broad and the presentation may be varied. The patient’s history and physical examination alone are often enough to reach a diagnosis; however, plain films and advanced imaging studies are frequently helpful for further confirmation and to guide decision-making. In this section, we will review several common causes of shoulder pain related to soft tissue pathology: adhesive capsulitis, biceps tendinopathy, acromioclavicular joint pain, and rotator cuff pathology.
A machine learning approach for maximizing direct current power of nonlinear energy harvesting systems subjected to periodic impulse excitation

Abstract Vibration energy harvesting is a thoroughly tested approach to support the growing number of Internet-of-Things devices by providing a local and sustainable electrical power resource. Yet, the discovery of best practices for deploying vibration energy harvesters in environments is limited by inability to decipher high-dimensional data associated with design and implementation details. The study aims to devise one such approach to conclusively identify conditions under which an impulse-excited nonlinear energy harvesting system delivers peak electrical power. To accomplish this goal, physics-based and machine learning algorithms are integrated to uncover the underlying relationships between the impulse-induced nonlinear dynamics and the result converted electrical energy. The accuracy of the predictions from a machine learning model are confirmed through experiments and against cross-validation simulation data. The parameters that result in snap-through, as determined through machine learning methods, are then probed through a first-principles model to confirm that optimal circuit design conditions agree with the principle of impedance matching. The findings guide attention to previously unseen nuances of exploiting nonlinear vibration energy harvesting systems in impulse excitation environments by revealing parameter sensitivities that inhibit or promote the realization of snap-through vibration for peak power generation. This research demonstrates a successful synthesis of machine learning algorithms and first principles models to guide attention to optimal designs of nonlinear energy harvesting systems subjected to periodic impulse excitation.
Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant induces the molecular aging of T-cells in multiple myeloma

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable hematologic malignancy diagnosed primarily in older adults. As the population ages, myeloma incidence is expected to increase at a higher rate than many other malignancies.1 Approved chemotherapy and targeted regimens for older adults with MM are numerous and exhibit distinct toxicities. The physiological heterogeneity of older adults makes it challenging for physicians to identify the most effective, yet best tolerated regimen, for each MM patient. As such, use of a two-drug regimen, three-drug regimen, or intensive autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (AHSCT) is often subjective. Consequently, AHSCT eligibility is subjectively applied and more objective measures are warranted to better understand health status in older adults. We believe that objective markers of physiological age will improve treatment stratification and will be an additional tool in understanding how treatment and transplant have an impact on health status.
Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte Adherence and Microvascular Reflow After Focal Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion

Interruption of normal cerebral arterial blood flow by atherothromboemboli or thrombi in situ in a territory unprotected by adequate collaterals may lead to neuronal necrosis and tissue disruption (Ziilch 1985). Reperfusion of the occluded artery, as may occur following successful use of thrombolytic agents within hours of flow interruption (del Zoppo et al. 1988, 1992; Mori et al. 1988, 1992a,b), introduces significant additional vascular events. Particularly vulnerable is the distally (downstream) dependent microvascular bed which receives the full force of arterial reperfusion. In models of global cerebral ischemia, microvascular perfusion defects (“no-reflow”) have been demonstrated following reperfusion (Ames et al. 1968). Similar postreperfusion obstructions to reflow in the microvascular bed, manifest by loss of patency, have been described in the setting of experimental cardiac and skeletal muscle ischemia (Kloner et al. 1974; Engler et al. 1987; Schmid-Schonbein 1987). It has been postulated that such microvascular perfusion defects may result from perivascular edema or hemorrhage, endothelial cell edema, endothelial cell tags, in situ thrombosis, erythrocyte aggregation, platelet adherence and aggregation, polymorphonuclear (PMN) leukocyteendothelial cell adherence, rheologic properties of PMN leukocytes, and other mechanisms. The appearance of “no-reflow” following single artery occlusion and subsequent reperfusion (O/R), as might occur in focal cerebral ischemia, has been suspected, but only recently described (del Zoppo et al. 1991).
MO‐DE‐207‐04

This imaging educational program will focus on solutions to common pediatric imaging challenges. The speakers will present collective knowledge on best practices in pediatric imaging from their experience at dedicated children’s hospitals. The educational program will begin with a detailed discussion of the optimal configuration of fluoroscopes for general pediatric procedures. Following this introduction will be a focused discussion on the utility of Dual Energy CT for imaging children. The third lecture will address the substantial challenge of obtaining consistent image post -processing in pediatric digital radiography. The fourth and final lecture will address best practices in pediatric MRI including a discussion of ancillary methods to reduce sedation and anesthesia rates. Learning Objectives: 1. To learn techniques for optimizing radiation dose and image quality in pediatric fluoroscopy 2. To become familiar with the unique challenges and applications of Dual Energy CT in pediatric imaging 3. To learn solutions for consistent post-processing quality in pediatric digital radiography 4. To understand the key components of an effective MRI safety and quality program for the pediatric practice
An Absorption Problem for Several Brownian motions

Let B 0, B 1,..., B N independent Brownian motions, starting at 0, b 1 ,..., b N , respectively, with 0 < b i ≤ 1, 1 ≤ i ≤N. We estimate the tail of the distribution of $$ \tau = \inf \left\{ {t > 0:{B_i}(t) \leqslant {B_0}(t)\;for some i} \right\} $$
Abstract 9379: Higher Levels of Plasminogen-Activator Inhibitor 1 Are Associated with Progression of Coronary Artery Calcification in Middle-Aged Women: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Heart Study

Introduction: Relationships of inflammatory and hemostatic biomarkers with progression of coronary artery calcification (CAC) in asymptomatic women are unknown. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, plasminogen-activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and tissue plasminogen activator antigen (tPA-ag) were associated with CAC progression in women free of known coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke. Methods: CRP, fibrinogen, PAI-1, and tPA-ag were measured in SWAN Heart participants from the Pittsburgh and Chicago sites at baseline. CAC was obtained by CT scans and quantified by the Agatston score at baseline and after 2.3±0.5 years of follow-up. Significant CAC progression was defined as present if 1) CAC score was >0 at follow-up in subjects with CAC score = 0 at baseline, 2) annualized change in CAC score was ≥10 in subjects with 0<CAC score<100 at baseline, and 3) annualized percent change in CAC score was ≥10% in subjects with CAC score ≥100 at baseline. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analyses. The novel biomarkers were log-transformed. Baseline CAC was transformed as log(CAC+1). Results: The study included 252 women (32.5% black, 67.5% white; 56.4% pre- and early perimenopausal, 30.6% late peri- and postmenopausal, and 13.1% hormone therapy users) with a mean age of 51.2±2.6 years at baseline. In unadjusted analyses, log(PAI-1) and log(tPA-ag) were positively and significantly associated with CAC progression (p<0.05), but log(CRP) and log(fibrinogen) were not. Adjusted analyses included the following covariates: baseline CAC, age, site, race, menopausal status, income, education, systolic blood pressure, body mass index, Homeostasis Model Assessment insulin resistance index, family history of cardiovascular (CV) disease, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, CV medication use, and current smoking. Only log(PAI-1) was significantly associated with CAC progression (OR: 1.91; 95% CI: 1.24-2.93; p=0.003). Conclusions: In conclusion, PAI-1 is associated with the presence of CAC progression in middle-aged women. Targeting PAI-1 may decrease atherogenesis beyond conventional CHD risk factors.
Scheduling Sensors for Guaranteed Sparse Coverage

Sensor networks are particularly applicable to the tracking of objects in motion. For such applications, it may not necessary that the whole region be covered by sensors as long as the uncovered region is not too large. This notion has been formalized by Balasubramanian et.al. as the problem of $\kappa$-weak coverage. This model of coverage provides guarantees about the regions in which the objects may move undetected. In this paper, we analyse the theoretical aspects of the problem and provide guarantees about the lifetime achievable. We introduce a number of practical algorithms and analyse their significance. The main contribution is a novel linear programming based algorithm which provides near-optimal lifetime. Through extensive experimentation, we analyse the performance of these algorithms based on several parameters defined.
Genetic Variation for Maize Epicuticular Wax Response to Drought Stress at Flowering: Maize Epicuticular Wax Response to Drought

Drought stress is thought to promote epicuticular wax accumulation on maize leaves, which reduces plant water loss. We evaluated 62 maize inbred lines and their hybrid testcross progeny for epicuticular wax accumulation on flag leaves at flowering under full and limited irrigation regimes. Extracted wax was measured as a percentage of wax weight to leaf weight (WLW) and leaf area (WLA). Eleven genotypes had above average WLW as both inbred lines and hybrid testcrosses. Thirteen genotypes had above average WLA as either inbred lines or hybrid testcrosses. The drought treatment did not significantly alter WLW or WLA. Heritability of WLW was 0.17 (inbred lines) and 0.58 (hybrid testcrosses). Heritability of WLA was 0.41 (inbred lines) and 0.59 (hybrid testcrosses), suggesting it is a better trait than WLW for epicuticular wax screening. Correlations (r) between inbred lines and their testcross progeny were 0.44 and 0.18, for WLW and WLA, respectively. Heritability of grain weight per ear and plot yield was highest in hybrid testcrosses, with no correlation between inbred and hybrid germplasm. It is not warranted to evaluate epicuticular wax accumulation as the sole drought tolerance mechanism. However, it may be a good secondary trait to observe in relation to grain yield production in hybrids tested under water-limiting conditions.
Epidermal cell migration on collagen and collagen-derived peptides

Nucleopore filters coated with various genetic types of collagen and certain collagen-derived peptides were implanted under one margin of a skin wound on adult Notophthalmus viridescens (newt) hind limbs. In contrast to their behaviour on untreated filters, epidermal cells migrated readily and to equal degrees on human type I, newt type I, bovine type II, and bovine type IV collagen. Denaturation had no effect on the ability of collagen to support migration and all three cyanogen bromide peptides tested (alpha 1(I)CB3, 7 and 8) were able to support more migration than that seen on untreated filters. Glutaraldehyde-linked collagen gels supported migration but bovine serum albumin gels did not. These results show that there is no species or collagen-type specificity shown by newt epidermal cells as they migrate over collagen-coated substrates. They also demonstrate that the tertiary structure of the collagen molecule is unimportant in its ability to bind to newt epidermal cells, and that the alpha 1(I) chain has at least three, and probably many epidermal binding sites. Finally, they indicate that the improved migration on collagen is not a non-specific response to protein on the substrate.
Experimental Global Ischemia and White Matter Injury

White matter injury has been increasingly recognized as an important part of several CNS diseases including brain ischemia. However, compared to mechanisms of neuronal cell death in gray matter, white matter pathophysiology remains relatively understudied and poorly understood. This is especially true in the research field of global ischemia. In both experimental animals and humans, transient global cerebral ischemia leads to delayed cell death in selectively vulnerable brain areas, such as hippocampus, striatum, and the layers 3, 5, and 6 in cortex. Thus far, most efforts in this field have focused on understanding the mechanisms of neuronal cell death, especially in hippocampal CA1 region. However, studies using whole-animal and cell culture models of global ischemia have shown key mechanisms of white matter damage after the injury. In this chapter, we overview those rodent models of global ischemia and, then, try to summarize the current knowledge about the white matter pathophysiology. Similar to stroke or head injury, white matter damage by global cerebral ischemia, such as cardiac arrest, remains a major cause of permanent disability. Hence, a deeper understanding of pathophysiology of white matter injury after global cerebral ischemia may eventually lead us to new therapeutic targets for patients suffering from a wide range of white matter-related diseases.