cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dust Outflow Velocity of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9

Abstract Tidal dispersal of the dust comae of the ∼21 fragments of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 (S–L 9) became very pronounced in Hubble Space Telescope observations during the weeks prior to impact with Jupiter (T. W. Rettig, J. Hahn, S. C. Tegler, M. Mumma, and M. DiSanti 1994a, Periodic Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 ( 1993e ), IAU Circular 6028; H. A. Weaver plus 20 others 1995, Science 267, 1282–1287). The degree of tidal dispersal experienced by the dust comae is quantified by calculating the coma flux as a function of distance from the center of a coma in both the jovian and transverse directions. The ratio of the jovian brightness profile to the transverse brightness profile for each fragment coma yields a quantity with approximately constant slope which we define as the J / T index. The scale of this tidal dispersal is a function of the dust grain outflow velocity and distance from Jupiter. The J / T index combined with Monte Carlo tidal dust models is used to constrain the dust outflow velocity to 0.4 ± 0.1 m/sec for the dust seen in the preimpact images of June and July 1994. The HST images also show that as the S–L 9 comae approached Jupiter the central brightnesses decreased. The models indicate that the increasing tidal dispersal of the inner comae dust can only partially explain the observed decreases in brightness.
Tensor perturbations in inflationary models as a probe of cosmology.

In principle, the tensor metric (gravity-wave) perturbations that arise in inflationary models can, beyond probing the underlying inflationary model, provide information about the Universe: ionization history, presence of a cosmological constant, and epoch of matter-radiation equality. Because tensor perturbations give rise to the anisotropy of the cosmic background radiation (CBR) solely through the Sachs-Wolfe effect we are able to calculate analytically their contribution to the variance of the multipole moments of the CBR temperature anisotropy. In so doing, we carefully take account of the effect of tensor perturbations that entered the Hubble radius during both the matter-dominated and radiation-dominated epochs by means of a transfer function. (Previously, only those modes that entered during the matter era were properly taken into account.) The striking feature in the spectrum of multipole amplitudes is a dramatic falloff for l\ensuremath{\gtrsim} \ensuremath{\surd}1+${\mathit{z}}_{\mathrm{LSS}}$ , where ${\mathit{z}}_{\mathrm{LSS}}$ is the redshift of the last-scattering surface, which depends upon the ionization history of the Universe. Finally, using our transfer function we provide a more precise formula for the energy density in stochastic gravitational waves from inflation, and, using the Cosmic Background Explorer Differential Microwave Radiometer (COBE DMR) quadrupole normalization, we express this energy density in terms of the ``tilt'' of the spectrum of tensor perturbations alone and show that it is unlikely that the stochastic background of gravity waves can be detected directly in the foreseeable future.
Micro and Semimicro Determination of Thiols with Ion-Selective Electrodes*

This paper describes the potentiometric determination of a variety of thiols. Microamounts (0.01 to 0.1 mM) are titrated with 0.01N mercuric perchlorate while semimicroamounts (0.1 to 0.5 mM) are titrated with 0.05N mercuric perchlorate. A bromide selective indicator electrode and a single-junction reference electrode are used with an expanded-scale pH meter to monitor the emf. Other indicator electrodes based on a silver sulfide matrix may also be used. The preferred solvent is acetone while ethanol andp-dioxane have limited applicability. The electrode response is slower in general than for other titrations using ion-selective electrodes, particularly for the more complex thiols and those attached to a heterocyclic ring system.
The Influence of Selected Home Background Variables on the Development of Oral Communication Skills in Children

One hundred forty-three preadolescent subjects and their parents took part in a study to determine the effects of certain home background variables on the development of speech and language skills....
Human plasma prekallikrein: a rapid high-yield method for purification.

A procedure is described for the purification of human plasma prekallikrein, the precursor protein of the serine protease kallikrein. Human plasma was mixed for 30 min with an equal volume of preswollen quaternaryaminoethyl-Sephadex equilibrated in sodium phosphate (10 mM) buffer pH 8.0 containing hexadimethrine bromide, and then filtered. The filtrate was cycled two more times and the final filtrate was chromatographed on a sulphopropyl-Sephadex column at pH 8.0. The concentrated effluent was chromatographed on a sulphopropyl-Sephadex column at pH 5.2. The final step of purification was affinity chromatography on agarose coupled to antiserum to human IgG to remove contaminating IgG. A single peak of protein emerged coincident with prekallikrein antigen representing an overall yield of 39% of the starting material. After activation of the final product with purified Hageman factor fragments, kinin-releasing, arginine esterase and amidolytic activity developed. The activated enzyme hydrolyzed the amide bond in the synthetic substrate l-prolyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginine-p-nitroanilide with a Km of 0.225 mM. This 1800-fold purified prekallikrein appeared as a major and minor band on alkaline disc/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and each component was associated with prekallikrein coagulant activity. On dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, a single band was observed with a Mr of 88000. When prekallikrein was activated by Hageman factor fragments to kallikrein, and this activated enzyme was subjected to reduction, two subunits with Mr of 55000 and 33000 were apparent.
A radioenzymatic assay for plasma normetanephrine in man and patients with pheochromocytoma.

Abstract We describe a radioenzymatic assay for plasma normetanephrine (NMN) based on the conversion of NMN to radio-labeled metanephrine (MN) by phenylethanolamine-N-methyl-transferase (PNMT, EC 1.1.1.28) and S-adenoslymethionine-methyl3H. The method consists on extraction of NMN by weak cation exchange resin column chromatography, enzymatic incubation and separation of radio-labeled MN by thin layer chromatography. This method is sensitive enough to detect 30 pg/ml of plasma NMN. The mean concentration of plasma NMN in nine normal volunteers was 64 ± 30 (mean ± SD) pg/ml. Values were greatly increased to levels of 2,100 to 6,150 pg/ml in three patients with surgically proven pheochromocytoma. This method provides a practical assessment of sympathetic function in man and patients with sympathetic nerve disorders.
A Comparison of Object-Oriented Image Classification and Transect Sampling Methods for Obtaining Land Cover Information from Digital Orthophotography

Transect sampling and object-oriented classification methods are used to characterize land use/land cover in two urbanizing catchments in greater Baltimore, Maryland. The two methods are compared u...
Ultra-High Resolution Imaging by Fluorescence Photoactivation Localization Microscopy

Biological structures span many orders of magnitude in size, but far-field visible light microscopy suffers from limited resolution. A new method for fluorescence imaging has been developed that can obtain spatial distributions of large numbers of fluorescent molecules on length scales shorter than the classical diffraction limit. Fluorescence photoactivation localization microscopy (FPALM) analyzes thousands of single fluorophores per acquisition, localizing small numbers of them at a time, at low excitation intensity. To control the number of visible fluorophores in the field of view and ensure that optically active molecules are separated by much more than the width of the point spread function, photoactivatable fluorescent mole- cules are used, in this case the photoactivatable green fluorescent protein (PA-GFP). For these photoactivatable molecules, the activation rate is controlled by the activation illumination intensity; nonfluorescent inactive molecules are activated by a high- frequency (405-nm) laser and are then fluorescent when excited at a lower frequency. The fluorescence is imaged by a CCD camera, and then the molecules are either reversibly inactivated or irreversibly photobleached to remove them from the field of view. The rate of photobleaching is controlled by the intensity of the laser used to excite the fluorescence, in this case an Ar1 ion laser. Because only a small number of molecules are visible at a given time, their positions can be determined precisely; with only ;100 detected photons per molecule, the localization precision can be as much as 10-fold better than the resolution, depending on background levels. Heterogeneities on length scales of the order of tens of nanometers are observed by FPALM of PA-GFP on glass. FPALM images are compared with images of the same molecules by widefield fluorescence. FPALM images of PA-GFP on a terraced sapphire crystal surface were compared with atomic force microscopy and show that the full width at half-maximum of features ;86 6 4 nm is significantly better than the expected diffraction-limited optical resolution. The number of fluorescent molecules and their brightness distribution have also been determined using FPALM. This new method suggests a means to address a significant number of biological questions that had previously been limited by microscope resolution.
Scented Widgets: Improving Navigation Cues with Embedded Visualizations

This paper presents scented widgets, graphical user interface controls enhanced with embedded visualizations that facilitate navigation in information spaces. We describe design guidelines for adding visual cues to common user interface widgets such as radio buttons, sliders, and combo boxes and contribute a general software framework for applying scented widgets within applications with minimal modifications to existing source code. We provide a number of example applications and describe a controlled experiment which finds that users exploring unfamiliar data make up to twice as many unique discoveries using widgets imbued with social navigation data. However, these differences equalize as familiarity with the data increases.
Rhodobacter capsulatus CycH: a bipartite gene product with pleiotropic effects on the biogenesis of structurally different c-type cytochromes

While searching for components of the soluble electron carrier (cytochrome c2)-independent photosynthetic (Ps) growth pathway in Rhodobacter capsulatus, a Ps- mutant (FJM13) was isolated from a Ps+ cytochrome c2-strain. This mutant could be complemented to Ps+ growth by cycA encoding the soluble cytochrome c2 but was unable to produce several c-type cytochromes. Only cytochrome c1 of the cytochrome bc1 complex was present in FJM13 cells grown on enriched medium, while cells grown on minimal medium contained at various levels all c-type cytochromes, including the membrane-bound electron carrier cytochrome cy. Complementation of FJM13 by a chromosomal library lacking cycA yielded a DNA fragment which also complemented a previously described Ps- mutant, MT113, known to lack all c-type cytochromes. Deletion and DNA sequence analyses revealed an open reading frame homologous to cycH, involved in cytochrome c biogenesis. The cycH gene product (CycH) is predicted to be a bipartite protein with membrane-associated amino-terminal (CycH1) and periplasmic carboxyl-terminal (CycH2) subdomains. Mutations eliminating CyCH drastically decrease the production or all known c-type cytochromes. However, mutations truncating only its CycH2 subdomain always produce cytochrome c1 and affect the presence of other cytochromes to different degrees in a growth medium-dependent manner. Thus, the subdomain CycH1 is sufficient for the proper maturation of cytochrome c1 which is the only known c-type cytochrome anchored to the cytoplasmic membrane by its carboxyl terminus, while CycH2 is required for efficient biogenesis of other c-type cytochromes. These findings demonstrate that the two subdomains of CycH play different roles in the biogenesis of topologically distinct c-type cytochromes and reconcile the apparently conflicting data previously obtained for other species.
Systematic Search for New Lanthanum Scintillators

The objective of this work is the discovery of new lanthanum scintillators for ambient-temperature gamma-ray spectroscopy. Increasing the number of known scintillator materials increases the potential for producing crystals with good energy resolution in larger sizes and at lower cost than those currently available. Through solid-state reactions we have synthesized 20 microcrystalline lanthanum samples in undoped form and doped with 1% Ce3+. We used x-ray diffraction to verify the crystal phase, pulsed x-ray excitation to measure the luminosity and decay time of the scintillation light, and optical excitation to measure the emission wavelength. In undoped form, many materials exhibit slow charge transfer emission within polyatomic anionic groups and, in one case, fast core-valence emission. In doped form, the lanthanum oxyhalides (LaOCl, LaOBr and LaOI) and one lanthanum phosphate (CsLa(PO3)4) showed bright and fast emission characteristic of cerium activation.
Three levels of guidance in technical tutorials

Technical instruction such as computer tutorials and training manuals varies in the amount of guidance given to users. Designers may desire a level of guidance that complements the task environments and motivations of users. This paper compares the merits of three guidance levels.
Simulation of individual leaf areas in grain sorghum

Most crop simulation models that incorporate environmental conditions estimate leaf area development. The grain sorghum growth simulation model, SORKAM, calculates individual leaf area based on leaf number and maturity class. The objective of this study was to generalize present leaf growth routines in SORKAM to be independent of maturity since there are no generally accepted maturing classes. Modified relationships between leaf number and leaf growth parameters were developed from existing studies and were tested against independent detailed leaf growth data sets. The revised relationships improved the r 2 between simulated and actual individual leaf areas from 0.80 to 0.88, reduced the bias from 32 cm2 to 9 cm 2 , and the RMSE from 80 cm 2 to 52 cm 2 . With the improved simulation, estimated leaf area index through the season was also improved from the original SORKAM estimate (RMSE decreased from 0.77 to 0.63; RMSE: root mean square error). Although simulation of individual leaf areas was improved, total leaf area produced over the season was not.
On the order of magnitude of Ramanujan's arithmetical function τ( n )

1. In his paper ‘On certain arithmetical functions' Ramanujan (23) considers the function τ(n) defined by the expansionThis function appears in the discussion of an asymptotic formula for the functionand also in Ramanujan's formula for the number of representations of an integer as the sum of 24 squares. It is also of interest as the coefficient in the expansion of g(z), which plays an important part in the theory of modular functions.
Allergen-induced production of IL-31 by canine Th2 cells and identification of immune, skin, and neuronal target cells

The canine cytokine IL-31 induces pruritus in dogs and can be detected in dogs with atopic dermatitis; however very little is understood around its interactions with specific canine cells. We hypothesize that IL-31 is involved in the progression of allergic skin disease by coordinating the interaction between the immune system with skin and neuronal systems. The goal of the following work was to identify cells that produce IL-31 as well as cells that may respond to this cytokine. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from naive and house dust mite (HDM) allergen-sensitized beagle dogs and used for ex vivo characterization of cytokine production assessed using ELISpot and quantitative immunoassay. Sensitization to HDM allergen induced a T-helper type 2 (Th2) cell phenotype characterized by an increase in the production of IL-4 protein. Interestingly, repeated allergen challenge over time also resulted in an increase in IFN-γ. Further evaluation showed that co-stimulation of Th2 polarized cells with antigen and the bacterial component Staphylococcus enterotoxin B (SEB) produced higher levels of IL-31 compared to either stimulant alone. Production of IL-31 when PBMCs were stimulated by T cell mitogens suggests T cells as a source of IL-31. Quantitative real-time PCR was utilized to determine expression of the IL-31 receptor alpha chain in canine cell lines and tissue. Canine monocytic cells, keratinocytes, and dorsal root ganglia were shown to express the IL-31 receptor alpha chain mRNA. In a multifaceted disease such as canine atopic dermatitis, the combination of Th2 polarization and microbial presence may lead to IL-31 mediated effects driving inflammation and pruritus by immune cells, keratinocytes, and direct neuronal stimulation.
Development and Initial Validation of the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory

This article describes the development and validation of the Africultural Coping Systems Inventory (ACSI). The ACSI is a 30-item measure of the culture-specific coping strategies used by African Americans in stressful situations and is grounded in an African-centered conceptual framework. Findings from a principal components factor analysis conducted with a sample of African American adults (N = 180) supported a four-factor model as best representing the culture-specific coping behaviors of the group. A content review of the factors suggested the following dimensions of coping behaviors: cognitive/emotional debriefing, spiritual-centered coping, collective coping, and ritual-centered coping. Using a separate sample of African Americans (N = 220), the ACSI was subjected to a confirmatory factor analytic procedure to establish whether the four-dimension model of coping adequately fit the data. This procedure indicated that the four-factor oblique model was the best fit. The ACSI also demonstrated adequate i...
A minimax approach to a simple routing problem

A simple routing problem is considered in which there are two service stations. Subject to burstiness constraints on the arrival of work, the worst-case delay performance of dynamic routing algorithms is studied. Under a light loading condition, it is found that the well-known 'route-to-shortest' (RTS) rule is optimal in some sense. On the other, it is shown that under a heavy load condition, the RTS rule is not optimal. In addition, the performance of RTS routing is compared with fixed routing. Finally, the burstiness constraints are relaxed to obtain a result which bounds the average backlogs in the stations for the RTS rule under light loading. >
Warming Infant Feeds: What is the Evidence and What are the Questions?

Abstract Warming of infant feedings is a common practice in every neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). This has become a focus of practice based on the need to warm frozen or refrigerated milk. The temperature to which feeds should be warmed is debated. Literature regarding warming of feeds is available but sparse. This article will present and discuss the status of research to support warming of feeds and to what temperature. The effect of milk warming on the infant and on the milk as currently known will also be discussed with recommendations for further research and practice recommendations in the interim.
Unequal error protection in enabled DiffSer networks

In this paper, we study a mechanism which allows the sender application to mark video packets based on its importance in reconstructing the video. Passing such video frames to differentiated service (DiffServ) network increases the video quality and treats the video frames based on their priorities. A media aware sub-layer has been added to the edge routers in DiffServ network. The media aware sub-layer has the responsibility to cache high priority video frames. We demonstrate through simulation that the proposed mechanism decreases the average packet delay, and the packet loss. This in turn produces a better video quality at the clients than produced under the existing techniques.
Networked Waveform System for Range Velocity Ambiguity Mitigation

A networked waveform system is developed to overcome the fundamental limitation of a single pulsed Doppler radar in resolving ambiguities. The networked radar system uses the principle that the underlying intrinsic properties of the precipitation medium remain consistent in a network. The ambiguity in range and velocity is resolved by jointly processing the measurements from all the radars in the network. In this paper results for networked waveform system are shown for simulated data as well as data collected with first generation CASA (The Center for Collaborative Adaptive Sensing of the Atmosphere, an engineering research center established by the National Science Foundation) radars deployed in Oklahoma.
JAB1/CSN5: A new player in cell cycle control and cancer

c-Jun activation domain-binding protein-1 (Jab1) acts as a modulator of intracellular signaling and affects cellular proliferation and apoptosis, through its existence as a monomer or as the fifth component of the constitutive photomorphogenic-9 signalosome (CSN5). Jab1/ CSN5 is involved in transcription factor specificity, deneddylation of NEDD8, and nuclear-to-cytoplasmic shuttling of key molecules. Jab1/CSN5 activities positively and negatively affect a number of pathways, including integrin signaling, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. Also, more recent studies have demonstrated the intriguing roles of Jab1/CSN5 in regulating genomic instability and DNA repair. The effects of Jab1/CSN5's multiple protein interactions are generally oncogenic in nature, and overexpression of Jab1/CSN5 in cancer provides evidence that it is involved in the tumorigenic process. In this review, we highlight our current knowledge of Jab1/CSN5 function and the recent discoveries in dissecting the Jab1 signaling pathway. Further, we also discuss the regulation of Jab1/CSN5 in cancers and its potential as a therapeutic target.
Multispectral signature modeling

Signature modeling for multispectral applications requires careful consideration of several factors to insure a self-consistent description of the scene as viewed by the various sensors. These factors include geometric descriptions, scenario dynamics, and environmental variables. Recent work at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) addressed several of these issues as part of a research program into object recognition for Air Force applications. One phase of this research produced a flexible and computationally efficient software environment for the generation of multispectral signatures of objects. A related effort on multispectral scene simulation addressed the complementary issue of creating a common background scene for use in dual mode (radar and infrared wavebands) applications. The paper discusses both programs and presents results from the signature and simulation models.
The Consortium for Lexical Research

The Consortium for Lexical Research (CLR), established by the Association for Computational Linguistics, with funding from DARPA, is now beginning its third year. The Consortium is sited at the Computing Research Laboratory, New Mexico, USA, under its Director, Yorick Wilks, Associate Director Louise Guthrie, and an ACL advisory committee consisting of Roy Byrd, Ralph Grishman, Mark Liberman and Don Walker.
The effects of inspection error on single sampling inspection plans

SUMMARY Acceptance sampling plans are designed under the assumption of perfect inspection. However, inspection tasks are not, even under ideal inspection conditions, free of error. In this paper we consider the effects of inspection error on probability of acceptance, average outgoing quality, and average total inspection. These measures are examined under both replacement and non -replacement assumptions. Also, a method is presented whereby an acceptance sampling plan may be designed which explicitly considers inspection error.
ROCKING RESPONSE OF ANCHORED BLOCKS UNDER PULSE-TYPE MOTIONS

This paper examines the transient rocking response of anchored blocks subjected to physically realizable horizontal pulse-type motion. Restrainers with elastic-brittle and elastic-plastic behavior are considered. Under one-sine pulse, anchored blocks can overturn with two distinct modes of overturning: (1) by exhibiting one impact; and (2) without exhibiting any impact. It is found that restrainers are more efficient in preventing overturning of small slender blocks subjected to low frequency pulses. This study uncovers that, although for most of the frequency range anchored blocks survive higher accelerations than free-standing blocks, there is a finite frequency range where the opposite happens. This paper examines this counterintuitive behavior and explains the destructive effect that increased strength and increased ductility of restrainers have on the rocking stability of rigid structures when excited by certain ground motions.
An Examination of an Online Tutoring Program's Impact on Low-Achieving Middle School Students' Mathematics Achievement.

The purpose of this mixed methods study was to determine the impact of synchronous online tutoring services on struggling middle school students’ mathematics achievement. The online tutoring was provided as a response to intervention (RTI) Tier 3 support (intensive, individualized intervention) in schools implementing a school-wide mathematics program that addresses Tier 1 (high-quality classroom instruction) and Tier 2 (small group interventions). We employed quasi-experimental, within- and between-group designs to examine impacts for 119 students in two schools to measure the tutoring’s impact on mathematics assessment scores. We also conducted qualitative analyses of student and tutor postsession commentary. The findings suggest that the tutoring contributed to statistically significant gains in student assessment scores postintervention. Online tutors’ descriptions of their practice centered on ongoing progress monitoring of student learning, delivery of guided practice to students, the use of multiple explanations and representations of target concepts. Student perceptions of the online tutoring were predominately positive in nature.
An Equal Protection View of the First Amendment

This article considers the debate among scholars as to the intent and purpose behind the Bill of Rights. One argument is that the Bill of Rights seeks to protect certain individual fundamental rights. Under this argument, the Bill of Rights seeks first and foremost to identify particular individual freedoms and to then create a constitutional protection for those substantive freedoms. There is, however, another argument that looks at the Bill of Rights from a wholly different perspective. This argument sees the Bill of Rights as provisions designed primarily to better ensure the maintenance of limited government within our constitutional scheme. The way the Bill of Rights protects individual freedoms is through an equal protection approach. This approach best harmonizes the constitutional protections listed in the Bill of Rights with the workings of the democratic process outlined in the original Constitution. A democracy allows a society to govern itself according to its best judgment. The glaring problem with any democracy, however, is how to handle minorities and minority rights. An equal protection approach best serves this concern. At the same time, it also allows democratic society to govern itself, the only proviso being that whatever the majority does to the minority, it has to do to itself.By viewing the Bill of Rights as first a provision aimed at ensuring that government possesses only limited powers and second as mandating that the various listed freedoms be protected through an equal protection approach, courts would be relieved of having to identify the parameters and underlying values and purposes of various individual rights and freedoms. By viewing the Bill of Rights as seeking to protect individual freedoms through an equal protection approach, courts can avoid interjecting their own substantive values. Thus, their role can be both narrower and more defined, which in turn will help preserve judicial integrity and authority.
Enclosure fire-induced temperature: Review and model modification for horizontal vented space

Correlations of fire-induced temperature have been reviewed and revisited. The impact of XY factors, i.e., the relative locations of the fire source and vent, on temperature models of ceiling-vented compartments could be reflected by the exponents of the two dimensionless terms which represent the ratio of the total energy to energy released through the ceiling vent, and the ratio of the energy lost through the walls to the energy released through the ceiling vent. For fires not located directly below the ceiling vent, the temperature rise was proportional to two thirds of the power of the heat release rate, while for fires immediately beneath this vent, the temperature rise was proportional to four thirds the power of the heat release rate, and was inversely proportional to one sixth the power of the ceiling vent size.
Sedation and Analgesia

Significant pain and anxiety often accompanies many forms of critical illness. The physiologic stress induced by pain and agitation can impede recovery and the delivery of critical care. Additionally, sedation of children may be required to maintain invasive devices often necessary for the monitoring and care of the critically ill or injured child. A thorough understanding of pain physiology and drug pharmacology is necessary to provide analgesia and anxiolysis.
Geographic Variation in Genital Morphology among Insular and Mainland Populations of Peromyscus maniculatus and Peromyscus oreas

Geographic relationships among insular and mainland populations of deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus and P. oreas ) from the Pacific Northwest were assessed by multivariate analyses of morphometric data from bacula and phalli. Individuals examined represent two distinct forms based on number of autosomal arms in standard karyotypes (fundamental number). Results indicate that the two karyotypic groups have significantly different genitalia, with the form with high fundamental numbers (FN = 85–92) being larger than the form with low fundamental numbers (FN = 74–78) in all characters except depth of the dorsal-lappet cleft. This pattern of morphometric differentiation also characterized allopatric and sympatric pairs of the two groups, thus supporting the hypothesis that individuals are referable to two species (high fundamental numbers = P. oreas; low fundamental numbers = P. maniculatus ). The magnitude of differences in genitalia between allopatric and sympatric samples of the two species failed to corroborate the hypothesis that morphologic differences in genitalia may become amplified in sympatry as a mechanism facilitating reproductive isolation.
Nocturnal Trap Catches of the Pink Bollworm

Pink bollworm, Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders), has 2 nocturnal flight activity periods. Females are active in early evening and males in late evening. The early female activity period is probably in response to feeding and oviposition while the late male activity period is probably in response to mating. These periods of flight activity shift to earlier in the night as the season progresses.
Toward "stable-on-the-table" enzymes: improving key properties of catalase by covalent conjugation with poly(acrylic acid).

Several key properties of catalase such as thermal stability, resistance to protease degradation, and resistance to ascorbate inhibition were improved, while retaining its structure and activity, by conjugation to poly(acrylic acid) (PAA, Mw 8000) via carbodiimide chemistry where the amine groups on the protein are appended to the carboxyl groups of the polymer. Catalase conjugation was examined at three different pH values (pH 5.0, 6.0, and 7.0) and at three distinct mole ratios (1:100, 1:500, and 1:1000) of catalase to PAA at each reaction pH. The corresponding products are labeled as Cat-PAA(x)-y, where x is the protein to polymer mole ratio and y is the pH used for the synthesis. The coupling reaction consumed about 60–70% of the primary amines on the catalase; all samples were completely water-soluble and formed nanogels, as evidenced by gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy. The UV circular dichroism (CD) spectra indicated substantial retention of protein secondary structure for all samples, w...
Testing the Interactions of Pest–Predator–Plant Components of the TEXCIM Model

By integrating the dynamics of cotton fruit production with insect pests and their natural enemies, the TEXCIM model predicted the timing and magnitude of pest and injured fruit pulses 7–14 d into the future. Biofixes from field counts of fruit, pests, and natural enemies provided a self-correcting feature for improving these predictions. Based on current economic thresholds, serious Type I and Type II errors occurred only 1.7% of the time for Heliothis species and 5.2% of the time for cotton fleahoppers. Thus, TEXCIM has considerable potential for developing dynamic decision rules for guilds of pests that feed on cotton and as a decision aid in pest management.
Custom Power Technology

Custom power is the concept, it is the employment of power electronic equipments in medium voltage (from 1 kV to 35 kV) distribution system for the purpose of supplying a level of power quality that is needed by customer that are sensitive to power quality variation. Custom power equipments could improve to a level of reliability and power quality for customer based on modern power electronic devices and measuring and monitoring technology of computer. The development of custom power is relatively with sensitive grade of most electric equipments to power quality variation. For example produce line of some digital control, transducer, data management center, produce workshop of integrate circuit, hospital and so on. Custom power technology in general includes all equipment solutions used to correct the problems faced by end-user loads in response to voltage sags, voltage interruption, voltage flicker, harmonic distortion, and voltage regulation problems. Voltage sags and voltage interruption is the most power quality problem (exceed 50%) by analysis and research of power quality in distribution system. The sensitive electric equipments to power quality are manly effected from voltage sag and voltage interruption. Therefore, custom power will mostly give a solution for voltage sag and voltage interruption except for reactive power compensation and harmonic eliminating.
Redesign of health services. 2.

Part of the syndrome of poverty is an inadequate health care system. The private system has excluded the poor largely on the basis of their inability to pay, whereas the services provided by the public system are often inadequate. Solutions to the problems besetting health care are possible, however. Those proposed here are in the areas of administration, organization and delivery of services, types and functions of personnel, and payment.
Design Philosophy Behind the ΦDMDIALOG System

This chapter discusses ideas behind the model of spoken language translation implemented as ΦDmDialog system. The three major design decisions regarding its basic framework were: use of memory-based parsing and generation use of massively parallel computing model use of marker-passing scheme
Social Entrepreneurship and Investing

Social entrepreneurship combines the idea of a social mission with the business-like qualities of sound business practices and methods. By contrast, economic entrepreneurs are largely motivated by the idea of wealth creation and the creation of a profit-seeking venture. Social entrepreneurship can include social purpose business ventures, such as for-profit community development banks, and hybrid organizations mixing not-for-profit and for-profit elements, such as homeless shelters that start businesses to train and employ their residents. Social entrepreneurs look for the most effective methods of serving their social missions. The idea of social investing can be defined as investing business with positive social and environmental performance coupled with strong financial performance. Socially responsible investing has been historically based on negative screening, that is, ruling out investments in certain types of businesses. It is difficult to set up appropriate screens for companies.
Implementation of a composting and manure management experiential learning activity in two undergraduate courses

Abstract. Manure management is a major component of horse and livestock production. However, knowledge of a practice and confidence in performing a practice are not necessarily synonymous. Faculty from South Dakota State Universityâ€™s (SDSU) Animal Science and Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering partnered to develop an experiential learning opportunity for students to learn about manure management and composting. The activity was conducted in an equine stable management (1 cohort of students) and an agricultural waste management course (2 cohorts of students). The activity objectives were: 1) gain experience designing and constructing a compost pile, 2) critically evaluate compost progress and make appropriate management decisions, 3) maintain a logbook of management decisions and behaviors, and 4) develop an understanding of opportunities and challenges associated with manure management. Following compost pile construction, students assumed responsibility for monitoring and maintenance of the compost piles for a two month period. The perceptions and knowledge of composting for one cohort of each course were compared before and after the activity and between courses. Students from both classes who participated in compost management reported an increased confidence in knowledge and ability to compost. The perceptions of the students on the importance of manure management differed between courses over time, likely as a result of the overall course content differences. The variations in activity implementation for the three cohorts are also discussed.
Modelling Discretionary: The Development of Automated Financial Service Industry

This research focuses on modeling the investment manager behavior in investments planning, and explores the trend of the current human-based financial planning industry. In the recent decade, the replacement of human financial service with automated financial solution grows rapidly. This paper provides a model of automated investments procedure to detect the possibility of substituting the human-based portfolio management with a machine-dominated process. The major contribution of this research is the algorithm of discretionary, which is the major obstacle of the machine-based portfolio control. The conclusion of this paper can serve as the logic flow of the investment management program.
Obituary: Farewell Rita

Dr. Rita G. Sabat, Assistant Professor of International Affairs at the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, Notre Dame University (NDU)- Louaize, Lebanon passed away peacefully on December 29, 2013, after a long battle with breast cancer. Dr. Sabat is survived by her daughter Samira Haymen, her husband Jad Fadel-Hassan, her father George, her mother Yolande Saber, her brothers Toni and Gilbert, and their families.
EDUCATION OF THE BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING PROFESSIONAL

Publisher Summary This chapter describes different aspects related to education and employment of the biomedical engineering (BME) professional as it currently results from response to the many needs and demands with reference to the BME program at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI). A BME educational program includes, as one of its goals, training for practice in the profession of engineering. A student who enters RPI at the graduate level but without an undergraduate major in biomedical engineering is expected to make up deficiencies and may spend an extra year or more doing so. The student's interest in biomedical engineering is often sparked by initiation into professional activities. At the undergraduate level, this initiation occurs in a quite popular seminar series with a broad range of speakers and presentations, a student-run biomedical engineering association, physiology and instrumentation courses taught with the aid of BME and medical school faculty, and a design-oriented project course.
Guest Editorial: The UVM Food Systems Summit Makes More Room at the Table

First paragraphs: This special issue of the Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems and Community Development highlights the best of the 2014 Food Systems Summit held at the University of Vermont. The Summit focused on local-level responses to globalization through the following themes: the impact of our geopolitical context on our food system, the biophysical constraints we face for food production globally, and the implications of behavior and culture for our food system. Using a format of refereed presentations and keynote speakers, and allowing for a dialogue between and among scholars, practitioners, policy makers, community activists and interested citizens, the Summit provided a space for lively pushing of the envelope by highlighting constraints and problems with our current food system and offering thoughtful, evidence-based solutions for improvement. Several presenters took the opportunity to go through the referee process. Five of those papers are included in this special issue, along with three commentaries written by the three keynote speakers. What is unique about the UVM Food Summit is the complex web of inquiry, discussion, openness, and questioning of the status quo by stakeholders in the food movement who don't often come together in the same venue. Conversing about one of the presentations or at the Taste of Vermont reception held on one evening of the Summit, one might find the Vermont secretary of agriculture interacting with a full or assistant professor, a staffer for U.S. Senator Patrick Leahy or Bernie Sanders, the executive director of Vermont's Farm to Plate initiative, and a dairy producer or small vegetable grower. In order to foster change that can improve working conditions of farm workers, provide tasty and healthy meals to schoolchildren, improve the economic conditions of farmers, and insure food access for now and into the future it is necessary for a wide range of actors to have a seat at the same table on an equal basis. That was and remains the goal of the annual UVM Food Systems Summit. What made the 2014 Summit even more meaningful was its place as a preconference event to the joint meeting of the Agriculture, Food and Human Values Society (AFHVS) and the Association for the Study of Food and Society (ASFS)—further expanding the audience across many disciplines as well as organizations....
Accounts for Unprotected Sex with Partners Met Online from Heterosexual Men and Women from Large US Metropolitan Areas.

Abstract For about 30 years, soon after the onset of the AIDS epidemic, sexual-health messaging has emphasized personal responsibility for using condoms to protect from acquiring or transmitting HIV or other sexually transmitted infections. Those who did not use condoms during casual sexual encounters may therefore feel compelled to offer to others aware of their behavior what sociologists have called “accounts,” an impression-management strategy to avoid unfavorable judgment. We analyzed accounts—excuses and justifications—from qualitative interviews with 150 adults who had unprotected sex in the past 3 months with at least two different partners met online (ages 18–50, mean: 33.7, equally divided among black, Hispanic, and white men and women, over half were college educated and the median yearly household income range was $50–$75,000). Many participants made excuses that aimed to defer responsibility for unprotected sex: they claimed that consistently practicing safer sex was impossible, that they got ...
Increased risk of influenza among vaccinated adults who are obese

Influenza infects 5–15% of the global population each year, and obesity has been shown to be an independent risk factor for increased influenza-related complications including hospitalization and death. However, the risk of developing influenza or influenza-like illness (ILI) in a vaccinated obese adult population has not been addressed. This study evaluated whether obesity was associated with increased risk of influenza and ILI among vaccinated adults. During the 2013–2014 and 2014–2015 influenza seasons, we recruited 1042 subjects to a prospective observational study of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) in adults. A total of 1022 subjects completed the study. Assessments of relative risk for laboratory confirmed influenza and ILI were determined based on body mass index. Seroconversion and seroprotection rates were determined using prevaccination and 26–35 days post vaccination serum samples. Recruitment criteria for this study were adults 18 years of age and older receiving the seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV3) for the years 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. Exclusion criteria were immunosuppressive diseases, use of immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive drugs, acute febrile illness, history of Guillain-Barre syndrome, use of theophylline preparations or use of warfarin. Among obese, 9.8% had either confirmed influenza or influenza-like-illness compared with 5.1% of healthy weight participants. Compared with vaccinated healthy weight, obese participants had double the risk of developing influenza or ILI (relative risk=2.01, 95% CI 1.12, 3.60, P=0.020). Seroconversion or seroprotection rates were not different between healthy weight and obese adults with influenza or ILI. Despite robust serological responses, vaccinated obese adults are twice as likely to develop influenza and ILI compared with healthy weight adults. This finding challenges the current standard for correlates of protection, suggesting use of antibody titers to determine vaccine effectiveness in an obese population may provide misleading information.
Lay Theories Concerning Causes and Treatment of Depression

This study compared perceptions of the causes of, therapies for, and means of coping with, depression between two groups of currently nondepressed adults: one with a history of major depression and one with no history of depression. Currently nondepressed participants were selected so that effects of past experience of depression could be distinguished from those of current mood. Recovered depressed participants (RD) (n = 25) and Never depressed participants (ND) (n = 25) recruited via newspaper advertisements completed self-report measures of (a) the perceived utility of either professional or self-help coping strategies for managing their own experiences of depression; (b) likely effectiveness of several major therapies for depression; and (c) perceived accuracy of several etiological theories of depression. RD participants rated depression as being less amenable to everyday self-help methods of coping and more in need of professional intervention. However, RD and ND subgroups did not differ significantly in their perceptions of the plausibility of etiological theories of depression in general, nor in their ratings of the likely helpfulness of major therapies.