cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Community matters: GxE interactions predicting childhood aggression and violent behavior

Abstract Purpose Aggression in childhood is a common precursor to youth violence, yet few studies have examined the extent to which genetic and environmental factors interact (GxE) to influence aggression by male and female children.This secondary analysis of data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study examined GxE interactions between two composites of genetic polymorphisms and community-level factors on childhood aggression and violent behavior. Methods The analytic sample consisted of preadolescent children of single mothers (Year 3, n = 2102; Year 5, n = 2065; Year 9, n = 2007). Analysis included multiple regression and tests of differential susceptibility using simple slopes and regions of significance. Results Findings indicate that low levels of neighborhood social control and community stability interacted with genotypes to predict childhood aggression and violent behavior at age 9. Moreover, girls who possessed specific dopamine and serotonin polymorphisms were differentially susceptible to the level of neighborhood social control. Conclusions Findings underscore the need for interventions that work to strengthen communities' social control and residential stability as a way to reduce children's violence and improve their outcomes.
Design of a Safe Convolutional Neural Network Accelerator

Recently Machine Learning (ML) accelerators have grown into prominence with significant power and performance efficiency improvements over CPU and GPU. In this paper, we developed an Algorithm Based Error Checker (ABEC) for Concurrent Error Detection (CED) based on an industry quality Convolution Neural Network (CNN) accelerator with priority to meet high safety Diagnostic Coverage (DC) requirement and enhanced area and power efficiency. Furthermore, we developed an Algorithm Based Cluster Checker (ABCC) with coarse-grained error localization to improve run-time availability. Experimental results showed that we could achieve above 99% DC with only 30% area and power overhead for a selected configuration.
Rotational Disorder in Scheelite-Type NaRE(MO4)2 (RE = Rare-Earth, Y; M = Mo, W)

The average and local crystal structures of scheelite-type double molybdates and tungstates of formula NaRE(MO4)2 (RE = rare-earth, Y; M = Mo, W) are probed using a dual-space approach that combine...
Predictors of Systemic Exposure to Topical Crisaborole: A Nonlinear Regression Analysis

Crisaborole ointment, 2%, is a nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor for the treatment of mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Results from 2 randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase 3 studies showed that twice-daily crisaborole in children and adults with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis was efficacious and well tolerated. Initial pharmacokinetics (PK) studies of crisaborole indicated absorption with measurable systemic levels of crisaborole. The current analysis was conducted to correlate steady-state systemic exposure parameters with ointment dose and identify covariates impacting PK parameters in healthy participants and patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis. A nonlinear regression analysis was conducted using ointment dose and noncompartmental PK parameters at steady state (area under the curve [AUCss ] and maximum concentration [Cmax,ss ]). PK data were available from 244 participants across 6 clinical studies (AUCss , N = 239; Cmax,ss , N = 241). Disease condition had the greatest impact on slope in both models, corresponding to 2.5-fold higher AUCss and Cmax,ss values at a given ointment dose in patients with atopic dermatitis or psoriasis relative to healthy participants. Disease severity, race/ethnicity, and sex had marginal effects on AUCss and Cmax,ss . Systemic exposures were similar across age groups ≥2 years of age when the same percentage of body surface area (%BSA) was treated. Predictive performance plots for AUCss and Cmax,ss for different age groups demonstrated that the models adequately describe the observed data. Model predictions indicated that systemic exposure to crisaborole in pediatric patients (2-17 years) is unlikely to exceed systemic exposure in adults (≥18 years), even at the highest possible ointment dose corresponding to a %BSA of 90.
Measuring Market-Based Inflation Expectations

TIPS offer a hedge against inflation risks, so demand for these securities may be up because investors are worried about longer-run inflation.
Assessing Trustworthiness of Crowdsourced Flood Incident Reports Using Waze Data: A Norfolk, Virginia Case Study

Climate change and sea-level rise are increasingly leading to higher and prolonged high tides, which, in combination with the growing intensity of rainfall and storm surges, and insufficient draina...
Novel method to link surgical trainee performance data to patient outcomes.

Abstract Background A significant roadblock in surgical education research has been the inability to compare trainee performance to the outcomes of those surgeons after they enter independent practice. We describe the feasibility of an innovative method to link trainee performance data with patient outcomes. Methods We extracted surgeon NPI numbers from Medicare claims data for common general surgery procedures between 2007 and 2017. Next, American Board of Surgery (ABS) trainee performance data was cross-referenced with additional resources to supplement NPI data. The patient and trainee datasets were linked using NPI number and a linkage rate was calculated. Results We identified 12,952 unique surgeons in the Medicare file. Medicare surgeons were matched with ABS records by NPI number, with 96.2% (n = 12,460) of surgeons linked successfully. Conclusions We demonstrated a novel process to link patient outcomes to trainee performance. This innovation can enable future research investigating the relationship between surgical trainee performance and patient outcomes in independent practice.
Black lives and Asian medicine: An introduction to the special issue on “African American contributions to American acupuncture”

This essay examines the intersections between Asian medicines, racial healthcare inequities, and social justice movements, and explains how they are illuminated by the interviews and essays in this special issue. Important themes include: how the protests following the murder of George Floyd in May 2020 spurred US organizations of alternative, complementary, and integrative medicine to undertake antiracist initiatives;how acupuncturists have been working to properly acknowledge the contributions of African American practitioners in their historical narratives;and how acupuncture may be a useful tool for mitigating racial health disparities. © Yi-Li Wu, 2021
Preparation and ESR spectroscopic characterization of the zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes of streptonigrin semiquinone.

Abstract Semiquinone metal complexes derived from the antitumor antibiotic streptonigrin have been prepared for the first time. They were obtained by reduction of the zinc(II) and cadmium(II) complexes of the parent aminoquinone ligand with sodium borohydride, followed by air oxidation of the intermediate dihydroquinones. Alternatively, N -benzyldihydronicotinamide reduction was used to produce the same Cd(II) complex of the p -semiquinone free radical. Electron spin resonance spectroscopic studies showed that metal binding significantly changes the spin densities of the unpaired electron which is confined to the quinolinesemiquinone moiety of the complexed antibiotic. Complexation with both Cd(II) and Zn(II) perturbs the coupling constants of all atoms involved in delocalization of the unpaired electron, shifting its distribution toward the pyridine ring. The coupling constant of the pyridine ring-proton adjacent to the semiquinone ring increases from 0.31 to 0.43 G in the Cd(II) complex in methanol, while the proton meta to the pyridine nitrogen increases from 1.76 to 1.96 G. Furthermore, the coupling constant of the heterocyclic nitrogen increases from 0.46 to 0.61 G. A similar trend is noted for the Zn(II) complex as well, including the observed decrease in splitting constant of the amino nitrogen from 1.34 to 1.08 G, and perturbation of the previously equivalent amino protons from 0.89 and 0.89 to 1.09 and 0.95 G. The spectral parameters have been confirmed by deuteration. Complexation studies using isotopically enriched 113 Cd(II) revealed hyperfine coupling of the unpaired electron of the p -semiquinone and the nuclear spin of 113 Cd(II), indicating direct coordination between the metal and the complexing ligand. Although the metal complexes could readily be prepared in a series of different solvent systems, they appear to have substantially shorter half lives than the non complexed p -semiquinone radical (5 to 15 min vs. 2 to 3 wk in sealed ampoules). Formation of tight-binding p -semiquinone metal complexes as here described should provide useful leads for the design of related systems to study p -quinone-metal interactions for mechanistic elucidation of metal ion catalyzed quinone-dependent electron transfer reactions in biological oxidations. © 1997 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
Effects of spray-dried porcine plasma protein on growth traits and nitrogen and energy balance in mice

Energy and nitrogen balances of mice receiving a dried skim milk-based control diet were compared to a similar group of mice receiving a diet containing 8% spray-dried plasma protein (SDPP). Mice were housed in pairs in metabolism cages with feed and water available for ad libitum intake. Five cages were assigned to each diet for a 21-d feeding period. Mice fed SDPP gained more weight ( P <.01), consumed more feed (P <.01), and had higher gain : feed ratios (G :F) (P <.01) than mice fed the control diet during wk 1. No significant differences in growth, feed intake, or G :F were detected during wk 2. During wk 3, mice receiving the control diet tended to gain more (P <.10) and had a higher G :F (P <.01). Nitrogen intake and retention were greater for mice fed SDPP (P <.02). Energy intake was greater for mice fed SDPP (P <.01) ; however, energy retention was not different between treatment groups due to greater (P <.01) metabolic energy losses (urinary energy + heat production). Empty gut weight was greater for control mice on an absolute basis (P <.05) and when expressed as a percentage of BW ( P <.02). Liver weights of mice fed SDPP were greater on an absolute basis ( P <.02) and as a percentage of BW ( P <.01). Feed intake, growth rate, and G :F were increased by dietary addition of SDPP. Mice fed plasma protein failed to retain more energy than mice fed the control diet in spite of a greater energy intake, perhaps due to an increase in basal metabolic rate.
Pilot Confidence with ATC Automation Using Cockpit Situation Display Tools in a Distributed Traffic Management Environment

NASA's Flight Deck Display Research Laboratory recently investigated air traffic automation designed to alleviate groundside workload in high traffic environments. This paper examines the data from post-experiment debriefings. We found that pilots are comfortable reviewing automated conflict resolutions, as well as modifying those resolutions before execution. The pilots were less comfortable with an automated system that had no pilot or controller human-in-the-loop review process. This traffic management concept will not be optimally achieved if pilots do not trust automation without a human review process in every conflict situation. While initial development of these systems should focus on ways to effectively enable such reviews of the automation, confidence can be expected to increase as pilots develop first-hand experience with the system.
Basic proteins from the acidic extract of bovine spinal cord: I. Isolation and characterization

Abstract 1. 1. Six cationic proteins have been isolated and purified from the acidic extract of bovine spinal cord by the use of carboxymethyl-cellulose and gel-fractionation techniques. 2. 2. In comparison with histones, four of the isolated proteins have low isoleucine and valine, and high glycine content. 3. 3. A molecular weight of 37 000 was estimated by gel permeability technique for the principal and largest protein isolated. However, the same protein was estimated to have a molecular weight of 12 500 by ultracentrifugation, and 15 800 on the basis of the number of peptides obtained on tryptic hydrolysis and the percentage of lysine and arginine obtained on complete hydrolysis.
Glucocorticoid receptors in mouse mammary tumors. Specific binding of glucocorticoids in the cytoplasm.

Abstract Specific binding of glucocorticoids was studied in the cytoplasmic extracts of mouse mammary tumors induced by mammary tumor virus. The binding protein satisfied all the general criteria of hormone receptors namely a specific high affinity for glucocorticoids (4 x 10-9 m for dexamethasone) and limited number of binding sites which were saturated with low hormone concentrations (1 x 10-8 m). It is suggested that the glucocorticoids may influence mammary tumor growth through the specific glucocorticoid receptors.
Base-pairing configurations between purines and pyrimidines in the solid state. 3. Crystal and molecular structure of two 2:1 hydrogen-bonded complexes, 1-methylthymine: 9-ethyl-2,6-diaminopurine and 1-methyl-5-iodouracil: 9-ethyl-2,6-diaminopurine.

Abstract 9-Ethyl-2,6-diaminopurine forms 1:2 hydrogen-bonded complexes with 1-methylthymine and with 1-methyl-5-iodouracil. Both structures have been determined by three-dimensional X-ray diffraction methods and refined by block diagonal least squares. The first complex, 9-ethyl-2,6-diaminopurine: 1-methyl-thymine, exhibits both Watson-Crick and “reversed” Hoogsteen type base pairing configurations, while the second complex, 9-ethyl-2,6-diaminopurine: 1-methyl-5-iodouracil, involves both “reversed” Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen type base pairing configurations. These base pairing configurations may reflect differences in crystal lattice forces stabilizing these structures; however, an alternative possibility is that the observed configurations are particularly stable ones which reflect the strong associations between these compounds in solution before co-crystallization. If the latter is true, then the diaminopurine: iodouracil interaction involves a perturbation not present in the diaminopurine: thymine interaction, and this possibility is discussed in relation to previous structures described in this series.
"Safe" built-in test and tuning of boost converters using feedback loop perturbations

This paper proposes a low cost novel alternative testing approach to predict both DC and transient specifications of boost converters. Specifications such as load/line regulation are typically not measured in production because the parasitic inductances of the socket on the loadboard lead to voltage spikes that can destroy the device under test (DUT). To prevent potential damage to the DUT during production test, an alternative built-in test configuration is proposed. This test configuration reduces test time as well as test cost for DC and transient specification measurements while at the same time minimizing the probability of damage to the DUT. In the proposed test process, a sequence of carefully crafted circuit perturbations are injected into the feedback loop of the DUT. The response of the DUT to the injected perturbations is captured and used to predict specifications such as load/line regulation, ripple voltage and transient voltage peak as well as to tune the device to improve manufacturing yield. Simulation data and measurements from a hardware prototype are used to demonstrate the viability of the proposed "safe" testing and tuning approach.
Responding to the Demands of Assessment and Evaluation in Catholic Education

Public schools are experiencing a new era of assessment and evaluation with the implementation of state accountability systems and No Child Left Behind. How can Catholic schools respond by recognizing the legitimacy of evaluation and assessment, while also critically examining its appropriateness? To help address this question, the article contains a brief history of how Catholic schools have accommodated evaluation and assessment demands, followed by a critical examination of standards-based accountability systems and high-stakes testing in relation to the identity and current milieu of Catholic schools. It also presents an expanded understanding of assessment and evaluation, which draws heavily on qualitative research paradigms.
International coordination for flicker standards

Standards for flicker evaluation have been developed in both IEEE and IEC but the IEC standards are the most widely applied around the world. Recent efforts to consolidate these standards have been coordinated by IEEE Working Group 1453. This paper describes some of the most important flicker standards.
Nonrandom Segregation of Parental Alleles in Reovirus Reassortants

To test for nonrandom segregations among their 10 genomic RNA segments, we examined a set of 83 reassortants derived from mammalian reovirus type 1 Lang and type 3 Dearing. After confirming the genotypes of the reassortants, we performed statistical analyses on the distributions of parental alleles for each of the 10 gene segments, as well as for the 45 possible pairings of the 10 segments. The analyses revealed nonrandom associations of parental alleles in the L1-L2, L1-M1, L1-S1, and L3-S1 segment pairs, at levels indicating high statistical significance (P < 0.005). Such associations may reflect specific interactions between viral components (protein-protein, protein-RNA, or RNA-RNA) and may influence both the evolution of reoviruses in nature and their genetic analysis in the laboratory. The data may also support an hypothesis that reovirus reassortants commonly contain mutations that improve their fitness for independent replication.
Biogeographic analysis of the woody plants of the Southern Appalachians: Implications for the origins of a regional flora.

PREMISE OF THE STUDY We investigated the origins of 252 Southern Appalachian woody species representing 158 clades to analyze larger patterns of biogeographic connectivity around the northern hemisphere. We tested biogeographic hypotheses regarding the timing of species disjunctions to eastern Asia and among areas of North America. METHODS We delimited species into biogeographically informative clades, compiled sister-area data, and generated graphic representations of area connections across clades. We calculated taxon diversity within clades and plotted divergence times. KEY RESULTS Of the total taxon diversity, 45% were distributed among 25 North American endemic clades. Sister taxa within eastern North America and eastern Asia were proportionally equal in frequency, accounting for over 50% of the sister-area connections. At increasing phylogenetic depth, connections to the Old World dominated. Divergence times for 65 clades with intercontinental disjunctions were continuous, whereas 11 intracontinental disjunctions to western North America and nine to eastern Mexico were temporally congruent. CONCLUSIONS Over one third of the clades have likely undergone speciation within the region of eastern North America. The biogeographic pattern for the region is asymmetric, consisting of mostly mixed-aged, low-diversity clades connecting to the Old World, and a minority of New World clades. Divergence time data suggest that climate change in the Late Miocene to Early Pliocene generated disjunct patterns within North America. Continuous splitting times during the last 45 million years support the hypothesis that widespread distributions formed repeatedly during favorable periods, with serial cooling trends producing pseudocongruent area disjunctions between eastern North America and eastern Asia.
Steady-state concentrations of mRNA encoding the receptor for luteinizing hormone during the estrous cycle and following prostaglandin F2α treatment of ewes

A partial cDNA was used to measure steady-state concentrations of mRNA encoding the receptor for luteinizing hormone (LH) in ovine corpora lutea. In experiment 1, luteal tissue and purified preparations of small and large steroidogenic luteal cells (n=4 per day) were obtained on days 3 (tissue only), 6, 9, 12 and 15 of the estrous cycle (estrus=day 0). Steady-state concentrations (fmoles receptor mRNA/μg poly(A)+ RNA) and total quantities of mRNA (fmoles/corpus luteum) encoding the receptor for LH in luteal tissue increased (P<0.05) from day 3 to days 9 and 12 of the cycle; values on days 6 and 15 were intermediate. Small luteal cells contained at least four-fold greater (P<0.001) concentrations of mRNA encoding the receptor for LH than large luteal cells on days 6, 9, 12 and 15 of the cycle. In experiment 2, ewes on days 11 or 12 of the cycle received an infusion of either 1 μmol prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) or saline into the ovarian artery. Luteal tissue was collected 1 (n=6), 4 (n=5), 12 (n=5) or 24 (n=5) h following PGF2α infusion, and 0 (no infusion;n=3), 12 (n=3) or 24 (n=4) h following saline administration. Concentrations of progesterone in sera decreased (P<0.05) within 12 h and remained low, whereas luteal weight and concentrations of progesterone in luteal tissue did not decrease (P<0.05) until 24 h after PGF2α treatment. Steady-state concentrations of mRNA encoding the receptor for LH were reduced (P<0.05) within 4 h of PGF2α infusion, and continued to decrease at 12 and 24 h post treatment. Calculated amounts of mRNA encoding the receptor for LH per corpus luteum were reduced (P<0.05) at 12 h after the PGF2α treatment and were 10% (P<0.05) of the values in saline-treated ewes at 24 h post-treatment. The increase during the estrous cycle in steady-state concentrations of mRNA encoding the receptor for LH appears to occur prior to the previously observed increase in number of receptors for LH. Following PGF2α-induced luteal regression, concentrations of mRNA encoding LH receptor decreased prior to the previously reported decrease in LH binding. Thus, changes in the number of receptors for LH in ovine luteal tissue during luteal development and luteolysis appears to be preceded by corresponding changes in mRNA encoding this receptor.
Vascular calcification and its relation to bone calcification: Possible underlying mechanisms

Significant scientific and clinical advances have been achieved in the study of vascular calcification during the last 10 years. Vascular calcification occurs frequently in atheromas and carries significant risk for future cardiac events due to stenotic and hemodynamic effects. The constituents of bone matrix and mineralization are present in atherosclerotic lesions, and a population of cells that secrete these products in vitro has been identified. The phenotype of these cells and their capacity to secrete osteoid are under the control of numerous inflammatory mediators and are thought to be regulated by similar molecular mechanisms as osteogenesis. Clinically, further studies are required to precisely define the prevalence of vascular calcification and its correlation with atherosclerotic disease, including risk factors for atherothrombotic disease such as smoking, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and sedentary lifestyle. Many other issues remain to be addressed including the following: the origin of subpopulations of progenitor cells within the arterial tree, other differentiation capacity of these progenitor cells, factors that control their migration, and the presence of a common molecular regulatory motif of bone development linking atherogenesis and osteoporosis.
Fiscal Illusion and the Output Expansion Hypothesis

In the traditional certainty model of voter fiscal illusion, voters misperceive non-stochastic tax prices as being lower than they actually are and therefore allow public sector officials to expand output beyond the perfect information output. This article shows how modeling fiscal illusion as imperfect voter information or uncertainty introduces an additional risk term that offsets the certainty model illusion-output expansion effect. The fiscal illusion-output expansion hypothesis is evaluated by empirically examining the impact of fiscal structure complexity, both with respect to sources and uses of revenues, on public expenditure demand. In keeping with the uncertainty model of fiscal illusion, the data reveal little support for the illusion-output expansion hypothesis.
Accelerated in vitro release testing of implantable PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composite coatings

Dexamethasone loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere/PVA hydrogel composites have been investigated as an outer drug-eluting coating for implantable devices such as glucose sensors to counter negative tissue responses to implants. The objective of this study was to develop a discriminatory, accelerated in vitro release testing method for this drug-eluting coating using United States Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 4. Polymer degradation and drug release kinetics were investigated under "real-time" and accelerated conditions (i.e. extreme pH, hydro-alcoholic solutions and elevated temperatures). Compared to "real-time" conditions, the initial burst and lag phases were similar using hydro-alcoholic solutions and extreme pH conditions, while the secondary apparent zero-order release phase was slightly accelerated. Elevated temperatures resulted in a significant acceleration of dexamethasone release. The accelerated release data were able to predict "real-time" release when applying the Arrhenius equation. Microsphere batches with faster and slower release profiles were investigated under "real-time" and elevated temperature (60°C) conditions to determine the discriminatory ability of the method. The results demonstrated both the feasibility and the discriminatory ability of this USP apparatus 4 method for in vitro release testing of drug loaded PLGA microsphere/PVA hydrogel composites. This method may be appropriate for similar drug/device combination products and drug delivery systems.
Acute iron poisoning: Assessment of severity and prognosis

T H E S E L E C T I O N of appropriate therapy for acute iron poisoning requires an appreciation of the prognosis of iron poisonings in general and an assessment of the severity of poisoning in the individual patient. Potentially hazardous forms of treatment should not be employed if the danger of fatal poisoning is remote. Sixty-six patients with iron poisoning were treated at one medical center during a 4 year period. Information was obtained concerning the assessment of severity of poisoning, choice of treatment, and prognosis, which may be helpful to others confronted with this medical emergency.
Overuse of prothrombin and partial thromboplastin coagulation tests in medical inpatients.

Introduction In the monitoring of anticoagulant therapy, prothrombin time (PT) is used to measure the effect of warfarin, whereas the partial thromboplastin time (PTT) measures the therapeutic effect of unfractionated heparin. Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) does not require routine monitoring. Objective We collected data on the frequency of simultaneous PT and PTT requests, where only one or neither is indicated, and estimated the potential cost savings if ordering was appropriate. Methods The study was performed at Nassau University Medical Center, a major teaching institution in East Meadow, New York. Inpatient charts were reviewed consecutively until 50 patients prescribed warfarin alone, intravenous heparin alone, or LMWH alone were selected. We then determined which coagulation tests were performed each day for these patients by review of their computerized laboratory results. The costs of laboratory tests were obtained from the hospital laboratory and were used to calculate potential savings. Results PT and PTT coagulation tests were requested together in all 50 patients. Seventeen patients on LMWH alone had 30 sets of PT/PTT performed (60 tests). Seventeen patients on intravenous heparin had 87 PTs performed. Twelve patients on warfarin had 60 PTTs performed. In total, 232 unneeded PT or PTTs were ordered in these 50 patients, or 4.6 per patient during hospitalization. Conclusion The review of the records of 50 medical inpatients found that PT and PTT were invariably requested together, despite a lack of indication. The 50 patients incurred a total of $2434 in unneeded costs. If representative of common clinical practice, significant cost savings may be possible. Education, computerization, and information on costs of individual tests may reduce unneeded investigations.
Entropy on a null surface for interacting quantum field theories and the Bousso bound

We study the vacuum-subtracted von Neumann entropy of a segment on a null plane. We argue that for interacting quantum field theories in more than two dimensions, this entropy has a simple expression in terms of the expectation value of the null components of the stress tensor on the null interval. More explicitly, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}S=2\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\int}{d}^{d\ensuremath{-}2}y{\ensuremath{\int}}_{0}^{1}d{x}^{+}g({x}^{+})⟨{T}_{++}⟩$, where $g({x}^{+})$ is a theory-dependent function. This function is constrained by general properties of quantum relative entropy. These constraints are enough to extend our recent free field proof of the quantum Bousso bound to the interacting case. This unusual expression for the entropy as the expectation value of an operator implies that the entropy is equal to the modular energy, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}S=⟨\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}K⟩$, where $K$ is the modular Hamiltonian. We explain how this equality is compatible with nonvanishing $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}S$. Finally, we explicitly compute the function $g({x}^{+})$ for theories that have a gravity dual.
Mitral Annular Remodeling with Varying Degrees and Mechanisms of Chronic Mitral Regurgitation

Hypotheses Degree of mitral annular remodeling is directly associated with severity of chronic mitral regurgitation (MR). Mitral annular remodeling occurs in a symmetric fashion, regardless of MR severity. In addition to MR severity, MR mechanism plays a significant role in mitral annular remodeling. Background Limited data exists on mitral annular remodeling in patients with MR. Identification of annular changes may be important in aiding surgical repair. Methods Mitral annular dimensions (anteroposterior, intercommissural, surface area, and circumference) were measured in end systole and diastole using 3-dimensional reconstructive software in 83 patients: trace to no MR (23), mild MR (15), moderate MR (26), and severe MR (19). Annular sphericity indices were determined by dividing intercommissural by anteroposterior dimensions. Patients were further subgrouped by mechanism of MR. Results With increasing MR severity, there was a corresponding increase in all annular measurements, most pronounced in the anteroposterior dimension, circumference, and area. Larger increases were seen in patients with prolapse/flail and dilated mechanisms. Furthermore, the mitral annulus became more circular (sphericity index approached 1.0) with increasing MR severity. Patients with prolapse/flail mechanisms exhibited normal left ventricular volumes despite significant annular enlargement. Conclusions Mitral annular remodeling is directly associated with MR severity and occurs in an asymmetric fashion, yet is not limited to one region of the annulus. Mechanism of MR plays a significant role in annular remodeling. Annular remodeling can occur independently of left ventricular remodeling.
Ultrasonic study of dysprosium in a magnetic field

Abstract The ultrasonic attenuation of longitudinal waves propagating along the c axis of single crystal dyprosium is reported, as a function of the applied basal plane field in the paramagnetic region, and as a function of the temperature, at constant applied basal plane field, in the spin-spiral region. In the paramagnetic region, anomalous attenuation behavior is explained on the basis of competing spin-polarization and spin-fluctuation effects. Two anomalous maxima in the temperature dependence of the attenuation were observed: one near T N is attributed to spin fluctuations associated with short range ferromagnetic ordering; another one at 130 K is attributed to a magnetic phase transition from a fanstructure phase, intermediate between the spin-spiral and ferromagnetically ordered phase
Effect of Fractions of Fish Meal and Hepatic Lipid Deposition in Estrogenized Chicks

Three experiments were conducted for the purpose of determining the effect of feeding isoenergetic diets with and without fish meal or its fractions on hepatic lipid deposition in estrogenized chicks. The chicks were fasted for 48 hr before being fed the experimental diets and were injected with estradiol three times during the experiment. After 4 days, hepatic lipid content was determined. In the first experiment, the quantity of hepatic lipid deposited per unit of liver and per 100 g body weight was significantly less for chicks fed 10% fish meal and an ethanol extract of fish meal equivalent to 10% than for chicks fed an unsupplemented corn-soy diet. In a second experiment a significant reduction in hepatic lipids deposited per 100 g body weight was observed with 10% fish meal but only a numerical reduction with ethanol extracts of fish meal equivalent to 10 or 20% and the ash of ethanol extract equivalent to 20%. In a third experiment a highly significant reduction in hepatic lipid deposition was observed in birds refed a diet containing fish meal, alfalfa, and torula yeast but feeding this before the starvation-refeeding period did not affect liver lipids. These results show that fish meal contains hepatic lipid lowering activity in refed estrogenized chicks and suggest that the activity may be extracted with ethanol.
Mercerization of cellulose. I. X-ray diffraction evidence for intermediate structures

A study of the mercerization of ramie cellulose was begun using x-ray diffraction, in order to determine the types of alkali–cellulose structures that occur as intermediates during the conversion of cellulose I to cellulose II. A total of five unique alkali–celluloses (Na–celluloses) could be generated reproducibly, depending only on the alkali concentration used. The reproducibility was enhanced by slowing down the mercerization process, by laterally compressing the fibers in capillary tubes. The five structures, named Na–celluloses I, IIA, IIB, III, and IV, were of two types based on their crystallographic fiber repeats. The first type was represented by Na–celluloses I, III, and IV, all exhibiting a ca. 10 A repeat. The second type was represented by Na–celluloses IIA and IIB, with a ca. 15 A repeat. The latter structures are possibly based on a threefold helical chain conformation, which has not been seen in crystalline celluloses. All Na–cellulose structures exhibited a reasonable degree of crystallinity and high degree of fibrous orientation. They formed a definite interconversion scheme, marked by crystalline-to-crystalline phase transformations.
Condensed phase equilibria in the metal-In-P systems

Ternary phase diagrams have proven valuable for understanding the reactions between a metal contact and a compound semiconductor, as well as for choosing thermally stable electrical contacts in thermodynamic equilibrium with the semiconductor. Since InP is important for both optoelectronic and electronic devices, the metal-In-P systems are of particular interest. In this work, new portions of isothermal sections of the (Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)-In-P diagrams are presented. Then, since no compilation of the published metal-In-P phase diagrams is available, the diagrams are reviewed here. The features of these diagrams are discussed in terms of the thermodynamics of the metal-In-P systems, particularly the considerable thermodynamic stability of many of the transition metal phosphides. Finally, some of the phases in thermodynamic equilibrium with InP, particularly PdIn and Ni2P, are highlighted for their potential for high-temperature contacts to InP.
Role of mTOR downstream effector signaling molecules in Francisella tularensis internalization by murine macrophages

Francisella tularensis is an infectious, gram-negative, intracellular microorganism, and the cause of tularemia. Invasion of host cells by intracellular pathogens like Francisella is initiated by their interaction with different host cell membrane receptors and the rapid phosphorylation of different downstream signaling molecules. PI3K and Syk have been shown to be involved in F. tularensis host cell entry, and both of these signaling molecules are associated with the master regulator serine/threonine kinase mTOR; yet the involvement of mTOR in F. tularensis invasion of host cells has not been assessed. Here, we report that infection of macrophages with F. tularensis triggers the phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effector molecules, and that signaling via TLR2 is necessary for these events. Inhibition of mTOR or of PI3K, ERK, or p38, but not Akt signaling, downregulates the levels of phosphorylation of mTOR downstream targets, and significantly reduces the number of F. tularensis cells invading macrophages. Moreover, while phosphorylation of mTOR downstream effectors occurs via the PI3K pathway, it also involves PLCγ1 and Ca2+ signaling. Furthermore, abrogation of PLC or Ca2+ signaling revealed their important role in the ability of F. tularensis to invade host cells. Together, these findings suggest that F. tularensis invasion of primary macrophages utilize a myriad of host signaling pathways to ensure effective cell entry.
Fast simplicial quadrature-based finite element operators using Bernstein polynomials

We derive low-complexity matrix-free finite element algorithms for simplicial Bernstein polynomials on simplices. Our techniques, based on a sparse representation of differentiation and special block structure in the matrices evaluating B-form polynomials at warped Gauss points, apply to variable coefficient problems as well as constant coefficient ones, thus extending our results in Kirby (Numer Math, 2011, in press).
Distributed training system with high-resolution deformable virtual models

Virtual environments (VEs) allow the development of promising tools in several application domains. In medical training, the learning potential of VE is significantly amplified by the capability of the tools to present 3D deformable models in real-time. This paper presents a distributed software architecture that allows visualization of a 3D deformable lungs model superimposed on a human patient simulator at several remote trainee locations. The paper presents the integration of deformable 3D anatomical models in a distributed software architecture targeted towards medical prognostics and training, as well as the assessment of the shared state consistency across multiple users. The results of the assessment prove that with delay compensation, the distributed interactive VE prototype achieves high levels of shared state consistency.
Control of a re-entrant line manufacturing model with a reinforcement learning approach

This paper presents the application of a reinforcement learning (RL) approach for the near-optimal control of a re-entrant line manufacturing (RLM) model. The RL approach utilizes an algorithm based on a gradient-descent TD(lambda) method to obtain both estimates of the optimal cost function and the control actions. Numerical experiments demonstrated the efficacy of the approach in estimating optimal actions by showing close approximations in performance w.r.t. the optimal strategy. Generalizations of the RL approach may have the advantage of scaling appropriately for RLM models with different dimensions in the state and action spaces.
Chemical characterization of precipitation from a monitoring network in the lower Ohio river valley

Abstract The Kentucky Acid Deposition Program (KADP) precipitation chemistry network was initiated in 1983 with the goal of providing a statewide monitoring system to document the occurrence of acid deposition in Kentucky. A variety of analyses have been performed on the KADP data for the period 1983–1989 to characterize precipitation chemistry in the lower Ohio River Valley. H2SO4 and HNO3 are identified as the primary contributors to precipitation acidity in this region, with HCl playing a secondary role. Neutralization of precipitation acidity occurs both as a result of the dissolution of alkaline compounds containing Ca2+, Mg2+, and K+ as well as the absorption of NH3 vapor. H+, SO42+, and NO3−precipitationn concentrations exhibit a seasonal pattern in which higher concentrations are observed during summer months and lower concentrations during winter months. The seasonal behavior of NH4+ concentrations, however, differs from this pattern in that the highest concentrations occur during spring months while the lowest values occur during autumn. Annual depositions of SO42−, NO3−, Cl−, NH4+, Ca2+, and H+ show no apparent qualitative temporal trend over the 1985–1989 period in this region.
GLUCOSE UTILIZATION BY SUSPENSIONS OF TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS.

Abstract A method has been developed for determining the rate of glucose utilization by washed suspensions of T. pyriformis. The rate of utilization ranged from 0.23–1.9 × 10−7 mg per cell per hour, depending on the age of the culture. Neither differences in glucose concentration from 33–100 mg/100 ml nor insulin affected the rate of utilization. The decrease in rate of glucose uptake with increasing age of the culture may involve a shift in metabolism brought about by depletion of exogenous glucose during growth.
Effect of SiO2 and zeolite surfaces on the excited triplet state of benzophenone, BT; a spectroscopic and kinetic study

Laser flash photolysis has been used to study the triplet excited state of benzophenone BT, on various surfaces, SiO2, zeolites NaY, KY, NaX and KX, and in rigid media at room temperature, polyethylene and polymethylmethacrylate. The studies point to similarities of the spectroscopy and kinetics of BT in fluid solution, in a solid matrix (polymers) and on a SiO2 surface. However, stark differences are observed for BT in zeolites where the absorption spectrum mimics that of the protonated ketone, and the reactivities of BT with C6H12 and CH3OH are an order of magnitude smaller than those in liquid C6H12 and CH3OH. Inclusion of ammonia, which blocks acidic sites in the zeolite, produces a triplet spectrum which is similar to that in polar solution. The reactivity of the triplet with ammonia in a zeolite is also comparable to that observed for this reaction in polar solution. These data are discussed in terms of the interaction of benzophenone with acidic sites in the zeolites, and to restrictions placed on the reactants in the zeolite cages. The blocking of the zeolite acidic sites by ammonia produces spectral and kinetic data (reactivity with NH3) of the triplet that are comparable to those observed in solution. This is one of the few cases where zeolites inhibit rather than promote reactions of a solute adsorbed in them.
Photochemical crosslinking in oligonucleotide-protein complexes between a bromine-substituted 2-5A analog and 2-5A-dependent RNase by ultraviolet lamp or laser.

Abstract 2′,5′-oligoadenylates known as 2-5A [px(A2′p)nA; x = 2 or 3, n ≥ 2] are produced in interferon-treated cells in response to double-stranded RNA. 2-5A binds with high affinity to a 2-5A-dependent RNase resulting in the cleavage of single-stranded RNA. An efficient, rapid, and extremely sensitive photoaffinity labeling method was developed to facilitate detection of 2-5A-dependent RNase. A bromine-substituted and radioactive derivative of 2-5A, the 5′-monophosphate, p(A2′p)2(br8A2′p)2A3′-[32P]Cp, was synthesized as probe for 2-5A-dependent RNase. Even though this bromine-substituted analog of 2-5A bore no 5′-terminal triphosphate or diphosphate, it bound to 2-5A-dependent RNase with the same high affinity as did 2-5A per se but it was a less effective activator of the RNase under the present assay conditions. The presence of bromine atoms in the 2-5A analog enhanced by more than 200-fold crosslinking to 2-5A-dependent RNase under a uv lamp; many additional polypeptides were also labeled but at much lower levels. Furthermore, using high-intensity uv laser irradiation (308 nm) covalent attachment of the bromine-substituted 2-5A analog to 2-5A-dependent RNase was readily achieved within 10−6s.
Optimized system for hydrogen detection

Abstract We have designed a coincidence array consisting of a BGO scintillator surrounded by an annular NaI scintillator specifically for detection of the 4.44 MeV gamma rays from the excited state of 12 C following the 1 H( 15 N, αγ) 12 C resonant nuclear reaction used for hydrogen detection in solids. The limits for detection of hydrogen depend on the detector efficiency and background. Background is reduced because a count is accepted only when the NaI detects a 0.511 MeV annihilation gamma ray in coincidence with the detection by the BGO scintillator of the primary gamma ray energy less than the energy of an annihilation gamma ray; that is, 3.93 MeV. Assuming a signal to background ratio of 1, we report a detection limit of 7100 ppma per nA of 15 N 3+ ion current with no external shielding.
Soft Decoding, Dual BCH Codes, and Better List-Decodable $\varepsilon$ -Biased Codes

Explicit constructions of binary linear codes that are efficiently list-decodable up to a fraction (1/2 - e) of errors are given. The codes encode k bits into n = poly(k/e) bits and are constructible and list-decodable in time polynomial in k and 1/e (in particular, e need not be constant and can even be polynomially small in n). These results give the best known polynomial dependence of n on k and 1/e for such codes. Specifically, they are able to achieve n ≤ O(k3/e3+γ) or, if a linear dependence on k is required, n ≤ O(k/e5+γ) , where γ >; 0 is an arbitrary constant. The best previously known constructive bounds in this setting were n ≤ O(k2/e4) and n ≤ O(k/e6) . Nonconstructively, a random linear encoding of length n = O(k/e2) suffices, but no subexponential algorithm is known for list decoding random codes. In addition to being a basic question in coding theory, codes that are list-decodable from a fraction (1/2 - e) of errors for e → 0 are important in several complexity theory applications. For example, the construction with near-cubic dependence on e yields better hardness results for the problem of approximating NP witnesses. Further, the codes constructed have the property that all nonzero codewords have relative Hamming weights in the range (1/2 - e, 1/2 + e); this e-biased property is a fundamental notion in pseudorandomness.
A Modified Algorithm For Scanning Tomographic Acoustic Microscopy

Acoustic microscopy is an invaluable tool in non-destructive evaluation because of its ability to provide high-resolution images of microscopic structure in small objects. When such a microscope operates in the transmission mode, the micrograph produced is simply a shadowgraph of all the struc-tures encountered by the acoustic wave passing through the object. Because of diffraction and over-lapping, the resultant images are difficult to comprehend, especially in the case of objects of sub-stantial thickness with complex structures. To over-come these problems, we have developed a scanning tomographic acoustic microscope (STAM) which is capable of producing unambiguous high-resolution tomograms. We have described in previously-published work how a scanning laser acoustic micro-scope can be employed to realize STAM. We use an algorithm based on "back-and-forth propagation" to reconstruct tomograms of the various layers to be imaged. When these layers are physically close to one another, we see ambiguities in the reconstructions. In this paper we describe a modified algorithm which removes these ambiguities. With the new algorithm, we can resolve layers that are only two wavelengths apart.