cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genetic measures confirm familial relationships and strengthen study design

Social structure and behavioral interactions between individuals shape basic biological pro- cesses, such as breeding; foraging and predator avoidance; movement and dispersal; and disease transmission. We used a targeted trapping strategy to capture kin groups of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) during 2007 and 2008 in Sandhill Wildlife Research Area, Wisconsin, USA, in order to observe social behaviors. Because inferring family relationships from observation of behavior is subjective, we used measures of genetic relatedness and parentage assignment tests to determine that our capture strategy was efficient for capturing related pairs (78% of groups contained � 1 dyad of related animals). The results of our genetic tests verified that study animals were related; therefore, our capture strategy was successful and the assumptions of the research design were met. This demonstrates both the utility of a targeted sampling approach, and the importance of genetic techniques to verify relationships among animals, especially when kin association forms a basis for further biological study or management action. Published 2012. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Cytochrome P4502E1 primes macrophages to increase TNF-α production in response to lipopolysaccharide

Kupffer cells become activated in response to elevated levels of LPS during ethanol feeding, but the role of ethanol in the molecular processes of activation remains unclear. Because cytochrome P45...
Word Association and Creativity.

The relationship between the tendency to opposite responding on word-association tests and creativity or originality was tested in this experiment. Standard word-association stimuli are administered individually to Ss identified as high and low in creativity, and responses are timed. That rapid opposite responding is significantly greater in highly creative Ss supports the hypothesis that the capacity to conceive and utilize one or more contradictory or opposite concepts, ideas or images simultaneously is associated with creativity (Janusian thinking). This finding also indicates that uncommon responses are not necessarily associated with creativity, as has been assumed in word-association originality studies, and it helps account for the lack of consistency in studies based on commonality of response.
Projected needs for robot-assisted chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear (CBRN) incidents

This report projects the need for unmanned aerial and ground vehicles to assist with a response to a hazardous material incident, also called chemical biological radiological or nuclear (CBRN) events. The projected needs for the identification and containment phases were determined by a preliminary cognitive work analysis of CBRN response based on concept experimentation with 20 domain experts using a small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to investigate a simulated chemical train derailment, lessons learned from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear emergency, and an examination of the hazardous material response literature. The analysis answers “who?,” “what?,” “when?,” “where?” and “how?” robots can assist with CBRN. The analysis and experience leads to a set of “desirements,” that is idealized capabilities that responders expressed interest in or address known shortcomings, and concerns or comments about existing unmanned aerial and ground systems. The report is expected to be of use for developers in tailoring systems for the anticipated needs and adoption pattern of responders.
Free Vibrations of Beams With a Single-Edge Crack

Abstract The equation of motion and associated boundary conditions are derived for a uniform Bernoulli-Euler beam containing one single-edge crack. The generalized variational principle used allows for modified stress, strain and displacement fields that satisfy the compatibility requirements in the vicinity of the crack. The concentration in stress is represented by introducing a crack function into the beam's compatibility relations. A displacement function is also introduced to modify the in-plane displacement and its slope near the crack. Both functions are chosen to have their maximum value at the cracked section and to decay exponentially along the beam's longitudinal direction. The rate of exponential decay is evaluated from finite element calculations. The resulting equation of motion is solved for simply supported and cantilevered beams with single-edge cracks by a Galerkin and a local Ritz procedure, respectively. These theoretical natural frequencies and mode shapes match closely with experimental and finite element results. The possibility of determining the damage properties of cracked beams from changes in dynamic behavior is discussed.
The Geography of the 1994 Nordic Vote on European Union Membership

In 1994, support for European Union (EU) membership was highly variable across Norway, Sweden, and Finland. The “no” vote was strongest in rural areas eligible for substantial EU subsidies. Moreover, the majority voted against EU membership in Norway. To explain these outcomes, this article focuses on the ways in which local and national differences mediated interpretations of the issues raised during the campaign. The analysis highlights important forces shaping northern Europe today and their implications for the EU in the years ahead.
Human body tracking with auxiliary measurements

We present two techniques for improving human body tracking within the particle filtering scheme. Both techniques explore the use of auxiliary measurements. The first technique uses optical flow cues to improve the sampling distribution. The second technique involves the detection of individual body parts, namely the hand, head and torso; and using these detection results to provide additional inference on subsets of state parameters. This method enables the automatic initialization of state vector and allows recovering from tracking failures. These two methods improve the overall accuracy, efficiency and robustness of human body tracking as illustrated by the experimental results.
Tukey's linear sensitivity and order statistics

Tukey (1965,Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.,53, 127–134) introducedlinear sensitivity as a measure of informativeness in a collection of order statistics. Here we study its general properties and discuss how it is related to the best linear unbiased estimator, Fisher information measure, and asymptotic relative efficiency. Also, we obtain explicit and asymptotic expressions for the linear sensitivity of a collection of consecutive order statistics from a location or from a scale family, and discuss its role in the comparison ofL-estimators. We conclude our discussion with examples from uniform, exponential and normal populations.
A 3-D finite element cardiac model and its application to body surface Laplacian mapping

A new 3-D finite element model of cardiac electrical conduction has been developed. The purpose of this study was to construct a simple but physiologically reasonable heart model and to simulate body surface Laplacian maps (BSLMs). The heart model consists of 29,109 elements in a cubic lattice with left and right ventricular boundaries. Each element has three intrinsic states-resting, depolarizing, and refractory-and interacts with its neighbors by a weighted probability interaction rule. The BSLM is calculated directly from the current dipole distribution within the heart. The results of normal sequence and left/right bundle branch block simulations, closely matched the experimental results of B. He et al. (1992) and demonstrate the ability of BSLM to resolve and image normal and abnormal cardiac electrical activity with high spatial resolution. >
TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF ACTIVITY OF THE UNSTRIPED NILE RAT, ARVICANTHIS NILOTICUS

Previous descriptions of the daily pattern of activity of the unstriped Nile grass rat (Arvicanthis niloticus) conflict. Researchers have described this species as diurnal, nocturnal, or crepuscular. In our laboratory colony, some animals are diurnal and others are nocturnal in running wheels. We systematically examined activity patterns of free-living grass rats in the Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, where the animals in our lab originated. Sherman traps were set at dawn or dusk near animal burrow entrances, and the time of capture was recorded for each animal. Seventy-seven A. niloticus were captured 287 times at 20 different sites. Captures occurred almost exclusively during daylight. In contrast, other small mammals that were trapped on 49 occasions were caught exclusively at night. The temporal pattern of capture of A. niloticus did not vary as a function of age or sex. The diurnal pattern of activity we observed in A. niloticus is unusual among small rodents.
A study on the (2 + 1)-dimensional KdV4 equation derived by using the KdV recursion operator

We derive a new ( 2 + 1)-dimensional Korteweg–de Vries 4 (KdV4) equation by using the recursion operator of the KdV equation. This study shows that the new KdV4 equation possess multiple soliton solutions the same as the multiple soliton solutions of the KdV hierarchy, but differ only in the dispersion relations. We also derive other traveling wave solutions. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low power LDPC decoder with efficient stopping scheme for undecodable blocks

An efficient technique for early detection of undecodable blocks during LDPC decoding is introduced. The proposed method avoids unnecessary decoding iterations by predicting decoding failure and therefore results in significant improvement in power and latency in low SNR values. The proposed method which has a low hardware overhead compares the parity checksum against predefined threshold values for three iterations and terminates decoding if a condition is met. A 5.25 mm2 10GBASE-T Split-Row Threshold decoder is implemented using the proposed technique in 65 nm CMOS. The postlayout results show that at low SNR value of 3.0 dB, the decoder requires 2.3 times fewer decoding iterations which results in 23 pJ/bit energy dissipation. This is 2.4 times lower than the energy dissipation of Split-Row Threshold decoder without the proposed early stopping technique.
Over Half of US Infants Sleep in Potentially Hazardous Bedding

Accidental suffocation deaths increased in the U.S. from 7 in every 100,000 live births in 2000 to 15.9 in 2010. TRENDS IN INFANT care practices can be identified by research that gives clinicians insight into caregiving practices and guides them in providing education on an individual as well as a community level. Beginning in 1993 studies have found that soft bedding under and over an infant increases the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and sleep-related suffocation. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has identified the use of potentially hazardous bedding (e.g., pillows, quilts, comforters, loose bedding) as a modifiable risk factor for SIDs and sleep-related suffocation because soft objects and loose bedding can obstruct an infant's airway, posing a suffocation risk and increasing risk for SIDS. The risk was so substantial that in 1996 the AAP issued recommendations that infants be placed to sleep on firm sleep surfaces without any soft or loose bedding. A recently published study by researchers at the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is the first study to report on the trends in infant sleep practices (sleep position and sleep location) in the U.S. (Shapiro-Mendoza et al., 2015). The study analyzed data from the National Infant Sleep Position report which surveyed nearly 19,000 caregivers about infant sleep practices between 1993 and 2010. There were several disturbing findings from the study. The study found that although the prevalence of infant bedding use declined over the study period, the rate of decline had slowed markedly— from 86% in 1993 to 1995 to 55% in 2008–2010 and that over half of U.S. infants still sleep in hazardous situations. The researchers also noted that although the rate of SIDS
Understanding the genetic effects of recent habitat fragmentation in the context of evolutionary history: phylogeography and landscape genetics of a southern California endemic Jerusalem cricket (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae: Stenopelmatus)

Habitat loss and fragmentation due to urbanization are the most pervasive threats to biodiversity in southern California. Loss of habitat and fragmentation can lower migration rates and genetic connectivity among remaining populations of native species, reducing genetic variability and increasing extinction risk. However, it may be difficult to separate the effects of recent anthropogenic fragmentation from the genetic signature of prehistoric fragmentation due to previous natural geological and climatic changes. To address these challenges, we examined the phylogenetic and population genetic structure of a flightless insect endemic to cismontane southern California, Stenopelmatus'mahogani' (Orthoptera: Stenopelmatidae). Analyses of mitochondrial DNA sequence data suggest that diversification across southern California began during the Pleistocene, with most haplotypes currently restricted to a single population. Patterns of genetic divergence correlate with contemporary urbanization, even after correcting for (geographical information system) GIS-based reconstructions of fragmentation during the Pleistocene. Theoretical simulations confirm that contemporary patterns of genetic structure could be produced by recent urban fragmentation using biologically reasonable assumptions about model parameters. Diversity within populations was positively correlated with current fragment size, but not prehistoric fragment size, suggesting that the effects of increased drift following anthropogenic fragmentation are already being seen. Loss of genetic connectivity and diversity can hinder a population's ability to adapt to ecological perturbations commonly associated with urbanization, such as habitat degradation, climatic changes and introduced species. Consequently, our results underscore the importance of preserving and restoring landscape connectivity for long-term persistence of low vagility native species.
Role of the PduL enzyme in the function of primitive bacterial organelles found in Salmonella

In contrast to conventional wisdom, bacteria are capable of forming highly organized organelles in the cytoplasm to optimize metabolic processes. Salmonella enterica can degrade the carbon source 1,2-propanediol (1,2-PD) within a proteinaceous organelle named the 1,2-PD utilization microcompartment (Pdu MCP). Prior enzymatic assays indicated that a phosphotransacylase (PTAC) was required for 1,2-PD degradation but the enzyme involved was not identified. Here we showed that the PduL enzyme is an evolutionarily distinct PTAC used for 1,2-PD degradation and that it is associated with the Pdu MCP where it plays a role in coenzyme A homeostasis. A series of genetic and growth studies showed that the house-keeping phosphotransacetylase Pta was not required for 1,2-PD metabolism in Salmonella while pduL mutants were impaired for aerobic and anaerobic growth on 1,2-PD. High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and enzymatic assays determined that PduL catalyzes the interconversion of propionyl-CoA and propionyl-PO4 . Biochemical studies indicated that PduL has kinetic properties appropriate to a role in 1,2-PD degradation. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the PduL enzyme doesn’t share sequence homology with known PTAC enzymes, indicating that it represents a new enzyme class. Recent studies suggested that the cofactors required for MCP-associated metabolism, AdoB12 and NAD + and HS-CoA are internally recycled within MCPs. We performed in vivo as well as in vitro studies to show that PduL is a component of the Pdu MCP and that it is used to regenerate coenzyme A inside the Pdu MCP. Western blots showed enrichment of PduL and also a PduL-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion in purified MCPs compared to crude cell extracts, indicating that PduL is an MCP component. Tests of genetic effects of breaking MCPs on PduL suggested that PduL is required for proper functions of intact MCPs. Further genetic studies
Immunoecological succession in host-parasite communities.

From the unique perspective of the parasite, each potential host exists as an ecosystem in its own right, comprised of biotic and abiotic components. If the parasite's limits of tolerance are not exceeded by the host environment, parasitism may occur. The organs of the host can be viewed as integrated communities comprised of distinct cell populations. Each population of cells occupies a unique ecological niche and contributes to the community in an essential way. The coordinated interactions among cells within each community and among the communities themselves are essential for the host to maintain itselfin a homeostatic state
Identification of endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis in Ningxia and screening of antagonism against pathogens of post-harvest muskmelon

The study was aimed at solating and identifying endophytes from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and detecting antimicrobial activity of these strains.The endophytes was isolated by using tissue isolation method from the root,stem and leaf of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in Ningxia and identified preliminarily based on morphological characteristics.With the pathogens of post-harvest muskmelon as test fungi,the antimicrobial activity of endophytic bacteria was investigated.The results showed that 287 endophytes were isolated from the roots,stems and leaves of Glycyrrhiza uralensis in Ningxia respectively,of which 142 were from roots,78 from stems and 67 from leaves,and 151 belonged to bacteria and 131 to fungi. The 53 spore-producing fungi were classfied into 6 genera under 4 families and 2 orders,e.g Penicillium,Alternaria and Aspergillus were dominant.G+ and Bacillus were dominant in endophytic bacteria.And 8 endophytic bacteria with higher activity against all pathogens of post-harvest muskmelon were selected out.
Fetal pulmonary maturation. I. Physiopathology

Serum bile acid measurements now available by radioimmunoassay have proven to be the most sensitive procedure developed to assess diseases of the hepatobiliary system in both adult and pediatric liver disease. Their clinical utility appears to hold particular promise in SGOT, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin and albumin are still normal. Serum bile acid determinations have been shown to be particularly useful in the diagnosis of alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver disease, viral hepatitis and cholestasis of intra- and extrahepatic origin. In infants, serum bile acid measurements can be used to establish the diagnosis of biliary atresia. When serum bile acids are determined post-prandially, they are the most sensitive indicator of liver dysfunction developed to date.
Domino effects in causal contradictions.

Inconsistencies call for reasoners to revise the information that yields them – but which information should they revise? A dominant view is that they should revise their beliefs in a minimal way. An alternative is that the primary task is to explain how the inconsistency arose. It implies that individuals are likely to violate minimalism in two ways: they should infer more information than is strictly necessary to establish consistency, and they should reject more information than is strictly necessary to establish consistency. Previous studies corroborate the former effect: reasoners use causal knowledge to build explanations that resolve inconsistencies. Here, we show that the latter effect is true too: as a consequence of their causal knowledge, reasoners reject more information than is strictly necessary to establish consistency. This hypothesis predicts domino effects: when a fact contradicts an element early in an inferred causal chain, reasoners should tend to reject each subsequent event in the chain too. Three studies corroborated domino effects and the causal knowledge hypothesis.
A Phenomenological Study of Student Experiences in a Multiplatform Journalism Course

Studies suggest that the goal of convergence curriculum should be one in which students are prepared both conceptually and practically. The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of st...
Kinetic and Mechanistic Assessment of Alkanol/Alkanal Decarbonylation and Deoxygenation Pathways on Metal Catalysts.

This study combines theory and experiment to determine the kinetically relevant steps and site requirements for deoxygenation of alkanols and alkanals. These reactants deoxygenate predominantly via decarbonylation (C–C cleavage) instead of C–O hydrogenolysis on Ir, Pt, and Ru, leading to strong inhibition effects by chemisorbed CO (CO*). C–C cleavage occurs via unsaturated species formed in sequential quasi-equilibrated dehydrogenation steps, which replace C–H with C–metal bonds, resulting in strong inhibition by H2, also observed in alkane hydrogenolysis. C–C cleavage occurs in oxygenates only at locations vicinal to the C═O group in RCCO* intermediates, because such adjacency weakens C–C bonds, which also leads to much lower activation enthalpies for oxygenates than hydrocarbons. C–O hydrogenolysis rates are independent of H2 pressure and limited by H*-assisted C–O cleavage in RCHOH* intermediates on surfaces with significant coverages of CO* formed in decarbonylation events. The ratio of C–O hydrogenol...
Finite Element Implementation of Viscoplastic Models and its Application to Nonlinear Structural Analysis

Modern technological development in aerospace, nuclear, and many other industries has resulted in increasing use of materials at unprecedented higher temperatures. Because of increased propensity for inelastic deformation mechanisms of creep and plasticity, realistic and rational designs of structural components operating at elevated temperatures must rely on accurate constitutive model descriptions of these inelastic deformations in structural materials. Since the conventional constitutive models are incapable of dealing with observed creep-plasticity interactions, the recent years have witnessed a concerted effort by numerous investigators to develop unified viscoplastic models. These models treat all inelastic strains as one unified quantity and thus automatically include interactions among them.
Closure and Dedication Practices in the Homol’ovi Settlement Cluster, Northeastern Arizona

This paper explores material patterns of structure and village closure among several villages in the Homol’ovi Settlement Cluster on the Little Colorado River in northeastern Arizona, with special emphasis on Chevelon Pueblo. Excavations in nearly 200 structures within the cluster reveal a variety of closure practices, including burial of floors and floor features, structural burning, and object placement. It is argued that these patterns are part of a long Pueblo tradition of closure practices used, not to sever connections with a space, community, or landscape, but to continue material connections to these places. Some indications of dedication practices for plazas and features were uncovered at Homol’ovi I and will be discussed as part of broader memory-making practices within the community. Finally, a case will be made that the burning of Chevelon Pueblo may have been a purposeful act of forgetting.
Contextualizing Walkability: Do Relationships Between Built Environments and Walking Vary by Socioeconomic Context?

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Supportive built environments for walking are linked to higher rates of walking and physical activity, but little is known about this relationship for soci...
Das Jeffersonsche Forschungsprogramm

Das ehrgeizige Projekt des Wiener Kreises, eine Internationale En-zyklopadie der Einheitswissenschaft zu verfassen, auf das bereits in Kapitel 1 eingegangen wurde, ist eine Erinnerung daran, wie viel die moderne Wissenschaft dem Programm der enthusiastischen Enzyklopadisten der Aufklarung verdankte. Jedoch die Unzulang-lichkeit bloser Sammelleidenschaft, sozusagen von selbst zu guter Wissenschaft zu fuhren, wurde von Einstein ausgezeichnet erfast, in seiner Bemerkung, in der er Ernst Machs begrenztes Ziel als „ein blosses ,Ordnen’ empirischen Materials“1 interpretierte, das in dieser Form nichts anderes als eine Enzyklopadie der wissenschaftlichen Phanomene hervorbringe - eine Aktivitat, die eine Reminiszenz an die Standardkarikatur der babylonischen Wissenschaft ist, ein bloses Ansammeln von Zahlen, ohne sie in ein Netzwerk von Theorien zu integrieren. Im Gegensatz dazu werden die beiden Hauptwurzeln der modernen Wissenschaft, die in das siebzehnte Jahrhundert zuruckreichen, ublicherweise und ohne grose Verzer-rungen als „Grundlagen-Wissenschaft“, die mit Newton, und als „angewandte Wissenschaft“, die mit Francis Bacon identifiziert wird, bezeichnet. Es gibt jedoch noch einen dritten Stil in der wissenschaftlichen Praxis, einen Stil, der selten explizit erkannt wird, der aber gerade heute mehr Aufmerksamkeit als je zuvor verdient. Der passende Name fur diesen Stil konnte „das Jeffersonsche For-schungsprogramm“ sein. Der Grund fur die Wahl dieses Namens und seine Eignung werden klarer, wenn wir Jeffersons Tatigkeit in der Wissenschaft naher betrachten.
Effectiveness of kinesiology tape on sports performance abilities in athletes: A systematic review

Abstract: Objective Establish the effectiveness of kinesiology tape (KT) on sports performance abilities compared to that of other tapes or no tape with consideration to the application methodology, timeframe, and outcome measurement. Methods PubMed, Embase, and PEDro databases were systematically searched. The following inclusion criteria were applied: 1) participants were healthy athletes, 2) compared any brand of dynamic KT to other types of tape (sham or therapeutic) and/or no tape, 3) measured some construct of functional sports performance, 4) involved randomization. The PEDro scale was used to grade the risk of bias. Results Fifteen studies met the inclusion criteria with PEDro scores ranging from 3 to 8 of 10 points. The sports performance abilities included: ball skills; power squats; cycling; dynamic balance; jumping (vertical and horizontal); agility; sprint speed; and distance running with 193 comparisons between KT and other tapes or no tape at a variety of timeframes after application. In total, eleven comparisons demonstrated significant effects: 2 in favor of KT, 8 in favor of Mulligan's tape, and one in favor of no tape. Conclusion There is a lack of compelling evidence to support the use of KT to enhance the sports performance abilities based on this review. Level of evidence 1a-.
Familiarity with a vocal category biases the compartmental expression of Arc/Arg3.1 in core auditory cortex.

Learning to recognize a stimulus category requires experience with its many natural variations. However, the mechanisms that allow a category's sensorineural representation to be updated after experiencing new exemplars are not well understood, particularly at the molecular level. Here we investigate how a natural vocal category induces expression in the auditory system of a key synaptic plasticity effector immediate early gene, Arc/Arg3.1, which is required for memory consolidation. We use the ultrasonic communication system between mouse pups and adult females to study whether prior familiarity with pup vocalizations alters how Arc is engaged in the core auditory cortex after playback of novel exemplars from the pup vocal category. A computerized, 3D surface-assisted cellular compartmental analysis, validated against manual cell counts, demonstrates significant changes in the recruitment of neurons expressing Arc in pup-experienced animals (mothers and virgin females "cocaring" for pups) compared with pup-inexperienced animals (pup-naive virgins), especially when listening to more familiar, natural calls compared to less familiar but similarly recognized tonal model calls. Our data support the hypothesis that the kinetics of Arc induction to refine cortical representations of sensory categories is sensitive to the familiarity of the sensory experience.
A comprehensive end-of-life strategy decision making approach to handle uncertainty in the product design stage

This study employs fuzzy logic to evaluate uncertain component end-of-life (EOL) options in the design stage. Determining EOL strategies during the product design stage can be complex. For example, EOL strategies for retired bicycle components are various and may change with geographic location. Thus, adopting fixed EOL strategies in the product design stage may not always be appropriate; the element of uncertainty should be considered. Limited research has examined uncertainty of EOL strategies during the design stage. Moreover, the evaluation of EOL strategies in a comprehensive manner has not been shown in a realistic case study. These facts motivate this investigation. Fourteen evaluation criteria are used to generate a comprehensive framework for assessing seven EOL strategies. The evaluation process generates the likelihood for each of these strategies by aggregating fuzzy set operations and a left–right fuzzy ranking method. Using SUMPRODUCT calculation for these weights/probabilities and input sustainability value (i.e., cost, environmental impact and labor time), expected values are derived to represent the sustainability values for each EOL strategy. A Technique-for-Order-of-Preference-by-Similarity-to-Ideal-Solution (TOPSIS) based method is employed to identify the appropriate EOL strategy for each component/product. A refrigerator is used as a case study to illustrate the methodology. This study addresses the uncertainty involved in identifying an EOL strategy for a specific product component during the design stage through the use of fuzzy logic. The method closes a gap in the current EOL strategy assessment criteria and introduces a comprehensive evaluation framework to capture multiple strategic perspectives by incorporating 14 key evaluation criteria.
Examining Two Prevailing Models of Loss of Control Eating Among Community-Based Girls.

OBJECTIVE Cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal models of loss of control (LOC) eating have been underexplored in adolescents. METHODS By using data from community-based adolescent girls assessed annually over 4 years, the cognitive-behavioral (n = 416) and interpersonal (n = 418) models were examined by using a regression-based bootstrapping approach. RESULTS Body dissatisfaction at 14 years prospectively predicted LOC eating at 18 years, both directly (direct effect = -0.039; SE = 0.017; P = 0.02) and indirectly via dieting (indirect effect = -0.010; 95% CI: -0.022 to -0.003). Interpersonal functioning at 14 years was negatively associated with negative emotionality at 17 years, which, in turn, was prospectively associated with LOC eating at 18 years (indirect effect = 0.001; 95% CI: -0.001 to -0.0003); however, the direct association between age 14 interpersonal functioning and age 18 LOC eating was not significant (direct effect = -0.001; SE = 0.001; P = 0.47). CONCLUSIONS These findings support the cognitive-behavioral model, and partially support the interpersonal model, with the latter findings implying that over time, negative emotionality may promote LOC eating independent of the effects of prior social functioning. Prevention and early intervention efforts for LOC eating may benefit from integrating these theoretical frameworks.
Microwear Analysis of Hopewell Bladelets from Two Sites Associated with the Stubbs Earthworks, Southwest Ohio

Hopewell bladelets represent one of a handful of standardized blade industries in prehistoric North America. In the past 25 years, archaeologists produced a great deal of published research on Hope...
Efficacy of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in the Treatment of Hepatic Encephalopathy

All therapy in patients with liver disease is a play for time, until the well-known regenerative capacity of the liver can occur. The regenerative capacity of the liver is an extremely complicated process, involving a series of permissive and stimulatory factors, such as steroids, triiodothyronine, insulin and glucagon and other factors, such as the ileal factor, which remain unknown. Of all the factors that are currently known which influence liver regeneration, nutrition is the easiest one for the physician to manipulate. Nutrition in the therapy of patients with liver disease has long been important in hepatology.
Occupational Mobility: A Personal Perspective

My contribution to this major testimonial volume celebrating the life and work of Lewis Feuer addresses a theme which he has discussed with broad and deep scholarship on more than one occasion. I hope that this personal retrospective will add a little additional understanding to a theme that has commanded the attention of the American polity for more than a half century since Lewis and I graduated in 1927 from DeWitt Clinton High School in New York City.
Clopidogrel: who, when, and how?

The occurrence of late and very late thrombotic complications in association with drug-eluting stents (DES) has recently garnered much attention, but these complications are also associated with bare-metal stents (BMS). Predisposing factors for BMS thrombosis, both early and late, include noncompliance with antiplatelet agents, an exercise-induced procoagulant state, brachytherapy, small stent size, underdeployment of the stent, depressed left ventricular ejection fraction, and impaired response to antiplatelet therapy. Independent predictors of DES thrombosis include premature interruption of antiplatelet therapy, primary stenting in acute myocardial infarction, total stent length, and renal failure. Prevention depends on applying an optimal stent deployment technique at the time of the index percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), compliance with dual antiplatelet therapy, and extending antiplatelet therapy beyond current package insert recommendations. In patients who develop late stent thrombosis, efforts to achieve rapid normalization of coronary blood flow with PCI are mandatory.
Vivaldi-Inspired Logarithmic Spiral Antenna for 28 GHz 5G Communication Band

This paper presents a logarithmic spiral antenna for 5G 28 GHz band. The antenna has 3.982 GHz of impedance bandwidth ranging from 26.396 − 30.378 GHz. The antenna has directional characteristics with gain of 5.36 dBi and radiation efficiency greater than 94 %The antenna is modelled upon Rogers substrate suitable for low-cost PCB fabrication. The proposed antenna has physical size of 6×4.5mm2 and an electrical size of 0.54λ 0 x0.41λ 0 at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna has wide bandwidth, high gain and small size making it a natural choice for future 5G mobile applications.
Reliable and Scalable Variational Inference for the Hierarchical Dirichlet Process

We introduce a new variational inference objective for hierarchical Dirichlet process admixture models. Our approach provides novel and scalable algorithms for learning nonparametric topic models of text documents and Gaussian admixture models of image patches. Improving on the point estimates of topic probabilities used in previous work, we define full variational posteriors for all latent variables and optimize parameters via a novel surrogate likelihood bound. We show that this approach has crucial advantages for data-driven learning of the number of topics. Via merge and delete moves that remove redundant or irrelevant topics, we learn compact and interpretable models with less computation. Scaling to millions of documents is possible using stochastic or memoized variational updates.
Two fateful happenings led me to Colwyn Trevarthen

Abstract This paper is a reflection on the work of Colwyn Trevarthen and his influence on my scholarly journey in the field of anthropology as told through two unexpected, yet deeply significant encounters.
Readmissions after Acute Kidney Injury during Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation Hospitalization.

BACKGROUND Acute kidney injury (AKI) frequently complicates hospitalizations for left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Little is known about the relationship of AKI with subsequent readmissions, and we investigated the relationship of AKI during LVAD implantation hospitalization with all-cause and cause-specific 30-day readmissions. METHODS We used a United States (US) nationwide all-payer administrative database, identifying patients who underwent implantable LVAD placement 2010-2015. Patients were classified into 3 mutually exclusive groups based on presence and severity of AKI during the LVAD placement hospitalization: no AKI, AKI, and AKI requiring dialysis (AKI-D). Outcomes were all-cause and cause-specific 30-day readmissions. RESULTS Within 30 days after discharge 25.4% of patients were readmitted. Of those without AKI, 23.9% were readmitted, compared to 25.5% of those with AKI and 42.2% of those with AKI-D. Compared to no AKI (adjusted for demographics, index hospitalization and chronic comorbidity factors, and year), odds of 30-day readmission were 2.18 (95% CI 1.37-3.49) times higher for those with AKI-D, whereas those with AKI not requiring dialysis had similar 30-day readmission risk (OR 1.03 [95% CI 0.89-1.20]). Those with AKI-D had higher risk of 30-day readmission for infection (OR 2.02 [95% CI 1.13-3.61]), gastrointestinal (GI) bleed (2.32 [95% CI 1.24-4.34]), and kidney disease (13.9 [95% CI 4.0-48]). There was no increased risk for stroke readmission with AKI or AKI-D. CONCLUSION AKI-D was associated with highest -30-day readmission risk, possibly related to negatively synergistic effects of LVAD, kidney dysfunction, and dialysis related factors on infection and GI bleeding risks. AKI alone was not associated with increased readmission risk.
Increasing returns to scale in the towns of early Tudor England

Urban agglomeration economies make cities central to theories of modern economic growth. There is historical evidence for the presence of Smithian growth and agglomeration effects in English towns ...
8 – Variational Methods

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses a few variational methods. Many statistical problems involve optimization of a functional defined over a specified function space. The theory of the calculus of variations plays a central role in functional analysis, similar to that of maxima and minima in differential calculus. The classical theory of optimization of functionals was mainly concerned with optimization of integrals involving unknown functions and their derivatives. The area of functional estimation has recently evolved as an important area of study in statistics. The classical theory of the calculus of variations was developed for solving problems in applications to mechanics. Many famous mathematicians such as Euler and Lagrange made fundamental contributions to the early development of the calculus of variations. During the past two centuries, the calculus of variations has evolved as an important branch of mathematics.
Sowing in tears, reaping with joy: The power of joy in missional thinking:

This chapter offers an invitation to embrace a missiology of joy that reflects the contexts and cultures of emerging missional leaders in the global south. As a way to deconstruct western cultural ...
Developing Business Risk Resilience through Risk Management Infrastructure: The Moderating Role of Big Data Analytics

This article evaluates how firms are able to enhance the effectiveness of their Risk Management Infrastructure (RMI) by using Big Data Analytics (BDA) to improve their risk resilience capability. A...
Acquired MET amplification in non-small cell lung cancer is highly associated with the exposure of EGFR inhibitors and may not affect patients' outcome

MET amplification has been associated with shorter survival in cancer patients and thought to represent one of two major mechanisms for developing resistance to therapy with EGFR inhibitors. We retrospectively studied 99 patients who had non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and had at least two FISH analyses for MET/CEP7 at different time points during the course of disease. Four (4%) patients showed MET amplification in the initial diagnostic biopsy, and 16 (16%) patients acquired MET amplification in the follow-up biopsy specimens. Acquired MET amplification was highly associated with EGFR inhibitor treatment. Except for EGFR and TP53 mutations, other gene mutations were rare in the patients with MET amplification. Patients with acquired MET amplification showed no significant survival difference comparing to the patients who did not show MET amplification.
Resuming Elective Surgery during Covid-19: Can Inpatient Hospitals Collaborate with Ambulatory Surgery Centers?

Little is known about the volume and scope of surgical procedures performed in ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) and the resources that ASCs may provide to assist local health systems The purpose of this study was to evaluate elective surgical procedures in the inpatient and outpatient ASC setting using currently available administrative claims data Methods: We used the 2019 Medicare Point of Service (POS) file to evaluate the geographic distribution of Medicare-certified ASCs in the U S To evaluate the volume and scope of elective procedures in the inpatient and outpatient ASC setting, we used the 2016 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) National Inpatient Sample (NIS) and the 2018 California HHS Open Data Portal ambulatory surgery database HCUP software programs were used to clinically categorize procedures and determine Elixhauser comorbidity profiles for each patient Results: Among the 8,540 Medicare certified ASCs in 2019, the majority are freestanding (99 5%) and privately owned (92 9%) In the inpatient setting, 13 3% of elective operating room procedures occur in patients without any Elixhauser comorbidities and require < 2 days of hospital stay However, the types of elective procedures performed in the inpatient setting are different from the types of procedures routinely performed in ASCs Conclusions: Current administrative data lack robust facility, provider, and procedure level information to inform surge capacity protocols for elective surgery Plastic surgeons are uniquely positioned to work with other specialties and local health systems to guide future development of surge capacity protocols that maintain and improve patient care
Extraction of Al and Fe from Bauxite by Sulfuric Acid Roasting and Water Leaching Processes

The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time and molar ratio of sulfuric acid to ore on the extracting rates of Al and Fe from bauxite by sulfuric acid roasting and water leaching were investigated through single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments. The results showed that the optimum conditions were obtained as the molar ratio of sulfuric acid to ore of 3.75:1, roasting temperature of 325℃ and roasting time of 2.5 h. The extracting rate of Al was over 98% and that of Fe over 80% under the optimum conditions. The sequence of each factor affecting the extracting rates of Al and Fe is the molar ratio of sulfuric acid to ore roasting temperature roasting time. The process was proved to be significant with advantages of high extraction rates and low temperature.
Towards charged hadron polarizabilities from four-point functions in lattice QCD

We show how to compute electromagnetic polarizabilities of charged hadrons using four-point functions in lattice QCD. The low-energy behavior of Compton scattering amplitude is matched to matrix elements of current-current correlation functions on the lattice. Working in momentum space, formulas for electric polarizability (${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{E}$) and magnetic polarizability (${\ensuremath{\beta}}_{M}$) are derived for both charged pion and proton. Lattice four-point correlation functions are constructed from quark and gluon fields to be used in Monte Carlo simulations. The content of the functions is assessed in detail, and specific prescriptions are given to isolate the polarizabilities. The connected quark-line diagrams can be done today as a small lattice project. The disconnected diagrams are more challenging but are within reach of dedicated resources for medium to large lattice projects. We also draw attention to the potential of four-point functions as a multipurpose tool for hadron structure.
SARS-Coronavirus-2 Nonlinear Dynamics in Patients: Three-Dimensional State and Amplitude Space Descriptions

Viral load data from eight symptomatic COVID-19 patients were modeled by means of a three-variable virus dynamics model. The model was transferred into a three-dimensional amplitude space model and...
Impact of Obesity on Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Levels in Women of Reproductive Age

Obesity negatively impacts reproductive health, including ovarian function. Obesity has been posited to alter Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) production. Understanding biological factors that could impact AMH levels is necessary given the increasing use of AMH for predicting reproductive health outcomes in response to controlled ovarian stimulation, diagnosing ovulatory disorders, onset of menopause, and natural conception. In this narrative review, we evaluated the impact of obesity on AMH levels in healthy, regularly cycling reproductive-age women (18–48 years). Thirteen studies (n = 1214 women; (811, non-obese (body mass index; BMI 30 kg/m2))) were included, of which five reported decreased AMH levels with obesity, whereas eight showed comparable AMH levels between groups. Inclusion of women with higher obesity classes (Class 3 versus Class 1) may have been a factor in studies reporting lower AMH levels. Together, studies reporting AMH levels in otherwise healthy women remain limited by small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, and lack of representation across the entire adiposity spectrum. Ultimately, the degree to which obesity may negatively impact AMH levels, and possibly ovarian reserve, in otherwise healthy women with regular menstrual cycles should be deemed uncertain at this time. This conclusion is prudent considering that the biological basis for an impact of obesity on AMH production is unknown.
Failing forward? Crises and patterns of European integration

However, the concern that a recurrent pattern of integration through crisis may be self-undermining in the long term remains, and has been brought to the fore once again by the public reaction to the EU's initial stumbles in mounting a coordinated response to the coronavirus crisis and a widespread decline in trust in the European Court of Justice in the aftermath of elevated migration and expansive rulings on EU citizenship. She demonstrates that the incompleteness of EU citizenship rights generated policy failures, which in turn triggered litigation and provided European courts the opportunity to push the meaning of EU citizenship forward - all in keeping with the failing forward framework. At the other end of the continuum, in areas where the EU has very little or no competence such as defense and security or neighborhood policy, while supranational actors may seek to leverage the crisis to press for a greater EU role, they may not be in the position to exercise much leverage over national decision-makers. Apart from areas like trade and competition, where EU authority is very extensive, and areas like defense and foreign policy, where it is minimal, most other policy domains the EU is engaged with - from Economic and Monetary Union, to most regulatory policies - fall into the middle of the spectrum where policy competences are shared between the EU and the Member States. [Extracted from the article] Copyright of Journal of European Public Policy is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Reprogrammable soft actuation and shape-shifting via tensile jamming.

The emerging generation of robots composed of soft materials strives to match biological motor adaptation skills via shape-shifting. Soft robots often harness volumetric expansion directed by strai...