cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Model-independent method of data analysis

Many experiments or observations measure physical quantities indirectly so that considerable data reduction is required for their interpretation. We present an approach to this problem of data analysis which is based on the transformation of the measurements into the result of a hypothetical experiment designed to measure the physical quantity directly. The method, which greatly appeals to physical intuition, gives the estimates of the desired physical quantity as a direct measurement of that quantity averaged over a resolution function. We are guided to this result by an examination of the characteristics common to all experiments rather than by the introduction of arbitrary mathematical criteria. Even though we approach the problem of data analysis from an entirely new point of view, the mathematics in much of the development parallels that of the method of Backus and Gilbert. No apriori assumptions are made about the physical quantity being estimated and in this sense the method is model independent. The method is applied to the test problem of determining the second derivative of experimental data.
Use of the Impella 2.5 left ventricular assist device in a patient with cardiogenic shock secondary to takotsubo cardiomyopathy

We report a case of cardiogenic shock, believed to be secondary to stress-induced cardiomyopathy, managed by an Impella 2.5 assist device. Apical ballooning pattern was evident on left ventriculogram with no significant coronary artery disease on coronary angiography. Cardiogenic shock was initially managed medically with inotropes and vasopressors, but because the patient was clinically deteriorating, an Impella 2.5 left ventricular assist device was implanted. Remarkable recovery occurred within 48 h of implantation with significant increase in ejection fraction and only minimal residual apical hypokinesis observed on repeat ventriculogram.
Japanese families who have lost children to cancer: A primary study

By interviewing 13 Japanese families who have lost children to cancer within the past 3 years, the main caregiver for the sick child was found to always be the mother, and the mother was the leader whereas the father was a cooperator. These mothers tried to resolve their problems within the context of the relationship between the parents. This tendency relates to the structure of Japanese human relationships. The relationships between the mothers and fathers changed and became stronger or weaker. How fathers shared the mothers' burdens strongly influenced their relationships. To provide comprehensive care, health professionals must recognize the cultural influence on the family dynamics and the family's perceptions toward the illness.
Blood-induced joint disease: the pathophysiology of hemophilic arthropathy.

Summary. Arthropathy is a frequent and serious complication of repeated joint bleeding in patients with hemophilia, resulting in pain, deformity, and disability. Although the pathogenesis of hemophilic arthropathy has not been fully elucidated, it appears to have similarities with the degenerative joint damage that occurs in osteoarthritis and the inflammatory processes associated with rheumatoid arthritis. This article reviews the potential actions of various blood constituents on joint components that culminate in the development of hemophilic arthropathy.
PLGA nanoparticle-entrapped inactivated porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus vaccine coadministered intranasally with a potent adjuvant elicits cross-protective immunity in the pig respiratory system (VAC7P.981)

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is caused by a highly mutagenic RNA virus, PRRS virus (PRRSV). Currently used vaccines have failed to prevent PRRS outbreaks induced losses of estimated one billion dollar annually to the US pig farmers. The PRRSV infects primarily the lung macrophages. Because of safety advantage, we attempted to strengthen the immunogenicity of killed PRRSV vaccine antigens (KAg) in the pig respiratory system. We entrapped the KAg in biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles (NP-KAg) and coadministered the NP-KAg with a potent mucosal adjuvant, whole cell lysate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb WCL), twice intranasally to growing pigs and challenged with a heterologous virus. Our results indicated that formulation of NP-KAg and unentrapped soluble M. tb WCL significantly cleared detectable replicating infective PRRSV with a 10-fold reduction in viral RNA load in the lungs, associated with substantially reduced microscopic lung pathology. Immunologically, enhanced virus neutralizing antibody titers by high avidity antibodies and augmented populations of IFN-γ secreting CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes, and reduced secretion of TGFbeta was detected in the lungs. Currently, we are in the process of identifying PRRSV epitope-specific T-cell response and frequency of apoptotic/necrotic immune cells in the lungs of vaccinated pigs. In conclusion, our vaccine formulation elicited broadly cross-protective anti-PRRSV immunity in the pig respiratory system.
A clustered retrieval approach for categorizing and annotating images

Images are difficult to classify and annotate but the availability of digital image databases creates a constant demand for tools that automatically analyze image content and describe it with either a category or set of words. We develop two cluster-based cross-media relevance models that effectively categorize and annotate images by adapting a cross-lingual retrieval technique to choose the terms most likely associated with the visual features of an image.
Positive Fluid Balance Is Associated With Poor Outcomes in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.

Background Strict maintenance of normovolemia is standard of care in the treatment of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and induced hypervolemia is often used to treat delayed cerebral ischemia from vasospasm. We tested the hypothesis that positive fluid balance could adversely affect clinical outcomes in aSAH. Methods We reviewed 288 patients with aSAH admitted to the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit (NICU) from October 2001 to June 2011. We collected data on fluid balance during NICU stay, clinical and radiographic evidence of vasospasm, cardiopulmonary complications, and functional outcomes by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) on follow-up (mean 8 ± 8 months). Poor functional outcome was defined as an mRS score 3-6. Associations of variables of interest with outcome were assessed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Propensity scores were estimated to account for imbalances between patients with positive versus negative fluid balance and were included in multivariable models. Results Average net fluid balance during the NICU stay was greater in patients with poor functional outcome (3.52 ± 5.51 L versus −.02 ± 5.30 L in patients with good outcome; P P = .002) was independently associated with poor functional outcome along with World Federation of Neurosurgical Societies grade ( P P = .003), maximum glucose ( P = .005), and radiological evidence of cerebral infarction ( P = .008). After regression adjustment with propensity scores, the association of positive fluid balance with poor functional outcome remained significant (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-1.29; P Conclusions Greater positive net fluid balance is independently associated with poorer functional outcome in patients with aSAH.
Accelerated fracture healing in transgenic mice overexpressing an anabolic isoform of fibroblast growth factor 2

The effect of targeted expression of an anabolic isoform of basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) in osteoblastic lineage on tibial fracture healing was assessed in mice. Closed fracture of the tibiae was performed in Col3.6-18 kDaFgf2-IRES-GFPsaph mice in which a 3.6 kb fragment of type I collagen promoter (Col3.6) drives the expression of only the 18 kD isoform of FGF2 (18 kDaFgf2/LMW) with green fluorescent protein-sapphire (GFPsaph) as well as Vector mice (Col3.6-IRES-GFPsaph, Vector) that did not harbor the FGF2 transgene. Radiographic, micro-CT, DEXA, and histologic analysis of fracture healing of tibiae harvested at 3, 10 and 20 days showed a smaller fracture callus but accelerated fracture healing in LMWTg compared with Vector mice. At post fracture day 3, FGF receptor 3 and Sox 9 mRNA were significantly increased in LMWTg compared with Vector. Accelerated fracture healing was associated with higher FGF receptor 1, platelet derived growth factors B, C, and D, type X collagen, vascular endothelial cell growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase 9, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, cathepsin K, runt-related transcription factor-2, Osterix and Osteocalcin and lower Sox9, and type II collagen expression at 10 days post fracture. We postulate that overexpression of LMW FGF2 accelerated the fracture healing process due to its effects on factors that are important in chondrocyte and osteoblast differentiation and vascular invasion.
Workplace Neighborhoods, Walking, Physical Activity, Weight Status, and Perceived Health: Assessing the Built Environment

Recent interest has focused on how the built environment in residential neighborhoods affects walking and other physical activity. The neighborhood around the workplace has been examined far less. This study explored the neighborhood around the workplace and its correlation with the amount of walking, level of physical activity, body mass index, and perceived health of those who (a) worked away from home (N = 446) and (b) were retired or unemployed (N = 207). Study participants were recruited from environmentally diverse residential neighborhoods in the Minneapolis-Saint Paul, Minnesota, metropolitan area in 2004. Participants wore an accelerometer, kept a travel diary, and answered a survey. The workplace neighborhood environments were measured with a geographic information system. In bivariate assessments, many features of the workplace neighborhood environment were significantly, but modestly, correlated with walking for travel, including density, street pattern, and land use (commercial, office, and r...
Petri net approach to software development under pipeline and parallel processing architectures

Data-flow diagrams are considered one of the important steps in the design stage of software development. Petri nets have been shown to be isomorphic with data flow diagrams. A novel approach for generating an architecture graph from a Petri net graph is proposed. >
The California Psychological Inventory as a Predictor of Academic Achievement in Normal and Maladjusted College Males

AbstractAn investigation of the relationships between the CPI scales and two criteria, i.e., academic aptitude and academic achievement, was undertaken with two groups of maladjusted male Ss and a third sample of normal college males. Despite the earlier findings that several of the CPI scales are moderately correlated with grade point average, the CPI added little to the prediction of academic success In the present study, particularly after aptitude was partialed out. It was also noted that the effects of non-intellectual personality traits on academic performance tended to vary Inversely with the level of adjustment of the students.
A synthetic functional metabolic compartment The role of propinquity in a linked pair of immobilized enzymes

A system was created to model the influence of microcompartments on linked enzymatic reactions. Creatine kinase and hexokinase were covalently attached to Sepharose beads. The gel could be perfused in a specially constructed chamber inside a 360-MHz NMR spectrometer at different flow rates with solutions containing various concentrations of substrates. 31P NMR studies were carried out on the linked enzymatic reaction, creatine phosphate + glucose----creatine + glucose 6-phosphate in two enzyme gels differing in only one aspect, the average distance between hexokinase and creatine kinase. At a distance on the order of 0.1 mm between the enzymes, the average bulk concentrations of substrates and products in the perfusate determined the overall function of the linked system. At an average distance of the order of 10 nm, flux through the linked pair was much higher and much less dependent on the concentration of the intermediate substrate/product ADP/ATP. Even at adenine nucleotide concentrations far below the Km of hexokinase, substantial amounts of glucose 6-phosphate were produced when the enzymes were near but not when they were distant. From saturation transfer measurements and turnover calculations, the lifetime of ATP in the system is estimated to be 0.14-0.5 s when the enzymes are near. This compares to 6 s for distant enzymes. From this it appears that the pair of linked enzymes comprise a functional compartment supported by propinquity in which hexokinase has preferential access to ATP produced by creatine kinase, and creatine kinase to ADP from the hexokinase reaction.
Special report: DSM-IV: Overview and examination of major changes

The American Psychiatric Association published the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) in May 1994. Referred to by some in the popular media as the mental health profession's diagnostic bible, the decisions reflected in this fourth edition are likely to shape diagnostic practice and education and may impact on treatment approaches as well. This article describes the goals and process involved in preparing this document, examines the major changes from DSM-III-R to DSM-IV and comments on the relevance of DSM-IV to psychiatric/mental health nursing.
Sex differences in lumbar spinal cord gene expression following experimental lumbar radiculopathy.

Considerable evidence indicates that there are sex-related differences in clinical and experimental pain sensitivity. In the present study, we sought to determine what genes were expressed in the spinal cord in a sexually dimorphic manner. We first analyzed global gene expression in the lumbar spinal cord of uninjured male and female rats using the Affymetrix RAE230A GeneChip® platform in order to identify genes that are selectively expressed in male and female rats at a basal level. We subsequently analyzed global gene expression in the lumbar spinal cord of male and female rats at two time points (7 days and 14 d) following a rodent model of lumbar radiculopathy (L5 nerve root ligation) in order to determine what genes were regulated in a sexually dimorphic manner following nerve root injury. We utilized a linear regression analysis method to identify genes that were significantly different from the corresponding sham surgical controls. The expression patterns of several genes of interest were subsequently confirmed using RT-PCR. Our findings demonstrate significant differences in lumbar spinal cord gene expression in both uninjured and injured (L5 nerve root ligation) male and female rats. Further confirmation of a subset of the genes identified Neuregulin 1 and its high affinity receptor, ErbB4, Tachykinin 1, and Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6 as female specific genes upregulated following L5 nerve root injury. These findings provide several target genes for further study that may elucidate the neurochemical mechanisms underlying sex differences in pain sensitivity and lead to improved treatments for chronic pain syndromes.
Prolongation of the Q-T Interval in Man During Sleep

Abstract Parasympathetic blockade shortens the duration of the Q-T interval and ventricular effective refractory period independent of heart rate change. Since relative parasympathetic effect increases during sleep, it was determined whether sleep was associated with a change in the Q-T interval. Fifteen patients receiving no drugs underwent 3 to 6 days of continuous electrocardiographic recordings. Tracings were sampled every 30 minutes and recorded at a paper speed of 25 mm/s. This provided 12,000 Q-T and R-R intervals that were measured. Comparison of R-R intervals that had similar durations during sleep and awake states revealed that the duration of the Q-T interval was longer during sleep in all 15 patients (p
Monitoring the pH Dependence of IR Carboxylic Acid Signals upon QB- Formation in the Glu-L212 → Asp/Asp-L213 → Glu Swap Mutant Reaction Center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides†

In the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) from the purple bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides, proton-coupled electron-transfer reactions occur at the secondary quinone (QB) site. Involved in the proton uptake steps are carboxylic acids, which have characteristic infrared vibrations in the 1770-1700 cm-1 spectral range that are sensitive to 1H/2H isotopic exchange. With respect to the native RC, a novel protonation pattern for carboxylic acids upon QB photoreduction has been identified in the Glu-L212 --> Asp/Asp-L213 --> Glu mutant RC using light-induced FTIR difference spectroscopy (Nabedryk, E., Breton, J., Okamura, M. Y., and Paddock, M. L. (2004) Biochemistry 43, 7236-7243). These carboxylic acids are structurally close and have been implicated in proton transfer to reduced QB. In this work, we extend previous studies by measuring the pH dependence of the QB-/QB FTIR difference spectra of the mutant in 1H2O and 2H2O. Large pH dependent changes were observed in the 1770-1700 cm-1 spectral range between pH 8 and pH 4. The IR fingerprints of the protonating carboxylic acids upon QB- formation were obtained from the calculated double-difference spectra 1H2O minus 2H2O. These IR fingerprints are specific for each pH, indicative of the contribution of different titrating groups. In particular, the 1752 cm-1 signal indicates that Glu-L213 protonates upon QB- formation at pH >or= 5, whereas the 1746 cm-1 signal indicates protonation of Asp-L212 even at pH 4. An unidentified carboxylic acid absorbing at approximately 1765 cm-1 could be the proton donor between pH 8 and 5. The observation that in the swap mutant there are several uniquely behaving carboxylic acids shows that electrostatic interactions occurring between them are sufficiently modified from the native RC to reveal their IR signatures.
Abstract PR06: CARM1 methylates BAF155 and perturbs chromatin remodeling machinery to enhance tumor progression

CARM1 belongs to the type I protein arginine (R) methyltransferase (PRMT) family and asymmetrically di-methylates proteins on arginines. Because CARM1 is highly expressed in high grade breast tumors and was shown to transactivate cancer-relevant transcription factors including ERα, NF-κB, p53 and E2F1, it has been strongly implicated in tumorigenesis. To fully characterize functions of CARM1 in breast cancer, we knocked-out CARM1 from several breast cancer cell lines using Zinc-Finger Nuclease technology. Western blot using an asymmetric di-methylated R antibody revealed striking differences between CARM1 KO and parental MCF7 cell lysates, indicating that CARM1 methylates a significant number of substrates in breast cancer cells. BAF155, a core subunit of SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, was identified as a CARM1 substrate by mass spectrometry. Further biochemical analyses validated that BAF155 was methylated by CARM1 in vivo and in vitro and methylation was mapped to a single site, R1064. We next generated BAF155R1064K knock-in MCF7 and MDA-mb-231 cells and showed that methylation of BAF155 is essential for breast cancer cell growth, colony formation and migration. Further, we developed an antibody that selectively recognized methylated form of BAF155 (me-BAF155) and observed strong nuclear me-BAF155 staining in invasive ductal carcinoma but not in the normal breast tissue. Importantly, me-BAF155 immunostaining positively correlates with tumor stage and metastasis. To understand the molecular mechanism by which BAF155 methylation affects tumorigenesis, we performed ChIP-seq using ChIP-validated BAF155 antibody in the BAF155WT or BAF155R1064K knock-in MCF7 cells. Interestingly, C-Myc pathway genes were only identified in WT but not mutant BAF155 regulated categories. Individual ChIP assays validated differential binding of BAF155WT or BAF155R1064K to specific target genes and importantly, the mRNA levels of these genes were affected correspondingly. This result suggests that BAF155 methylation affects gene expression by altering genomic association of BAF155, and perhaps the SWI/SNF complex, to chromatin regions. Collectively, our study revealed novel mechanisms by which CARM1 perturbs the chromatin remodeling machinery to enhance tumor progression. This work is supported by DOD ERA of HOPE Scholar Award and Shaw Scientist Award to W.X. This abstract is also presented as Poster A37. Citation Format: Lu Wang, Zibo Zhao, Mark Meyer, Wesley J. Pike, Wei Xu. CARM1 methylates BAF155 and perturbs chromatin remodeling machinery to enhance tumor progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Chromatin and Epigenetics in Cancer; Jun 19-22, 2013; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(13 Suppl):Abstract nr PR06.
Bone plug technique for meniscal transplantation

The goal of meniscal transplantation is to restore meniscus structure and function in symptomatic individuals post-meniscectomy. Biomechanical studies have shown that anatomic bony fixation of the horns is required to restore normal knee contact mechanics. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the operative technique and results using bone plugs for medial meniscal allograft transplantation.
The influence of the fatty acid composition of Acholeplasma laidlawii membranes on the growth inhibitory activity of narasin, a polyether ionophorous antibiotic.

Abstract Narasin, a polyether ionophorous antibiotic capable of acting as a transmembrane carrier of cations, has a growth inhibitory effect on Acholeplasma laidlawii, permitting only 20% survival when present at 0.1 μg/ml in an undefined growth nutrient or fatty acid-deficient nutrient supplemented only with palmitic acid. When A. laidlawii is propagated in fatty acid-deficient nutrient supplemented with linoleic acid, however, the organisms become 40 times more sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of this antibiotic. The actual fatty acid compositions of the membranes would indicate that a higher degree of unsaturation enhances ionophore activity.
Experimental verification of failure of Amontons' law in polymeric textiles

The dynamic friction of a variety of textile materials was studied and was experimentally proven that the frictional behavior of textile materials do not obey the Amontons' basic law of friction (F/N = μ). Both woven and nonwoven materials with different fiber content and constructional features were used in the study. Results show that the dynamic friction–normal load relationship is not a straight line passing through origin. A statistical approach has been followed to prove the significance of the deviation from the Amontons' law. To the authors' best knowledge, the work reported in this article has for the first time experimentally proven the failure of Amontons' basic law of friction for polymeric textiles, using a novel approach. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3879–3885, 2004
Solving the Chemical Mass Balance Problem Using an Artificial Neural Network

A back-propagation artificial neural network (BP ANN) is proposed as a receptor modeling method for solving air pollution source apportionment problems. In order to examine the utility of this method, the simulated aerosol composition data generated by the National Bureau of Standards (NBS) for the EPA workshop on mathematical and empirical receptor modeling held at Quail Roost, NC, in 1982 were examined. Based on the assumption of mass conservation, training sets containing the linear mixing fractions for ambient samples were constructed from input source profiles for the network's learning. The NBS data sets were the prediction sets. Because of the good generalization property of BP ANN, satisfactory prediction results were obtained for NBS data sets I and II. Moreover, when a training set containing as many as possible emission sources some of which were not necessarily active was used, the network was able to identify the actual active sources and quantify their source contributions.
Numerical Study of Branched Turboprop Inlet Ducts Using a Multiple Block Grid Procedure

An important requirement in the design of an inlet duct of a turboprop engine is the ability to provide foreign object damage protection. A possible method for providing this protection is to include a bypass branch duct as an integral part of the main inlet duct. This arrangement would divert ingested debris away from the engine through the bypass. However, such an arrangement could raise the possibility of separated flow in the inlet, which in turn can increase pressure losses if not properly accounted for during the design.A fully elliptic three-dimensional body-fitted computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code based on pressure correction techniques has been developed that has the capability of performing multiple block grid calculations compatible with present day turboshaft and turboprop branched inlet ducts. Calculations are iteratively performed between sets of overlapping grids with one grid representing the main duct and a second grid representing the branch duct. Both the grid generator and the flow solver have been suitably developed to achieve this capability. The code can handle multiple branches in the flow. Using the converged flow field from this code, another program was written to perform a particle trajectory analysis. Numerical solutions were obtained on a supercomputer for a typical branched duct for which experimental flow and pressure measurements were also made. The flow separation zones predicted by the calculations were found to be in good agreement with those observed in the experimental tests. The total pressure recovery factors measured in the experiments were also compared with those obtained numerically. Within the limits of the grid resolution and the turbulence model, the agreement was found to be fairly good. In order to simulate the path of debris entering the duct, the trajectories of spherical particles of different sizes introduced at the inlet were determined.Copyright © 1991 by ASME
The influence of sex and of testosterone upon fatty liver due to ethionine.

ETHIONINE (α-amino-γ-ethylmercapto-butyric acid), a presumed antagonist of methionine, had previously been shown to induce a fatty infiltration of the liver in fasted female rats (Farber, Simpson and Tarver, 1950). Methionine prevented the rise in liver lipids and protected the animals against death while other amino acids, as well as choline, inositol and dimethylthetin were ineffective. Glucose, in large doses, also prevented and cured the fatty change, but failed to prevent the death of the rats. A specific ethionine-methionine antagonism was indicated. During these studies it was observed that, while fasted females readily developed the fatty liver, fasted male rats were refractory. The results of a more extensive investigation of this sex difference as well as of the effects of administration of testosterone propionate to both females and castrated males are here reported. In addition, a similar sex difference in mortality of ethionine-treated rats is presented.
The large-N phase transition in the U(N) chiral models

Abstract We prove the existence of a large- N phase transition in the d = 2 chiral model and calculate via strong-coupling methods the phase-transition point. The critical coupling constant is 0.324. We also treat the chiral model chains (equivalent to the gauge model on polyhedrons) and our approximate calculations come very close to the exact results for the solvable cases.
Capture Cross Sections for Fast Neutrons

The neutron capture cross sections at an effective energy of one Mev have been measured for 32 isotopes, including 4 isomeric pairs. Unmoderated fission neutrons were used as the source, and the high intensities available by this method have made it possible to measure fast cross sections as low as ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ barn. The cross sections (except those for a few "magic number" nuclei) show a smooth variation with atomic weight, ranging from ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ b at $A=100$ to ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ b at $A=20$. The rapid change in cross section is a measure of the change in level spacing of the compound nucleus formed after neutron capture. A survey is made of all the existing data on absorption cross sections as functions of $A$ and neutron energy.
Seeking Resolution: Budding Yeast Enzymes Finally Make the Cut

Genetic studies reported in Molecular Cell (Ho et al., 2010) identify Mus81-Mms4 and Yen1 as the structure-specific endonucleases that cleave most Holliday junctions. A failure in this key step has profound effects on mitotic genome stability.
Inhibitor Mediated Protein Degradation

The discovery of drugs that cause the degradation of their target proteins has been largely serendipitous. Here we report that the tert-butyl carbamate-protected arginine (Boc(3)Arg) moiety provides a general strategy for the design of degradation-inducing inhibitors. The covalent inactivators ethacrynic acid and thiobenzofurazan cause the specific degradation of glutathione-S-transferase when linked to Boc(3)Arg. Similarly, the degradation of dihydrofolate reductase is induced when cells are treated with the noncovalent inhibitor trimethoprim linked to Boc(3)Arg. Degradation is rapid and robust, with 30%-80% of these abundant target proteins consumed within 1.3-5 hr. The proteasome is required for Boc(3)Arg-mediated degradation, but ATP is not necessary and the ubiquitin pathways do not appear to be involved. These results suggest that the Boc(3)Arg moiety may provide a general strategy to construct inhibitors that induce targeted protein degradation.
69.2: Designing Strong Glass for Mobile Devices

Compared to plastic, glass is tougher, scratch resistant, offers optical quality and a richer look for consumer electronic applications. The mechanical performance of silicate glasses can be improved via ion-exchange in molten salts. Variables that affect the ion-exchange process, such as glass composition, thermal history, time, temperature, and bath chemistry will be discussed.
An investigation into the causes of errors and inconsistencies in predicted viewsheds

Previous evaluations of viewshed analyses have raised concerns about the accuracy and repeatability of the process. Digital elevation model (DEM) errors, the limited spatial resolution of DEMs, and differing algorithms employed by different GIS packages have all been suggested as possible sources for inaccuracy and nonrepeatability. This study compared a field surveyed viewshed to predicted viewsheds generated using a variety of software packages and DEM databases, some of which contained known amounts of error. We found that each of the factors suggested by previous authors contributes to errors in predicted viewsheds. DEM errors contribute most to the discrepancies between surveyed and predicted viewsheds, and the majority of their negative impact occurred at very low levels of DEM error. Differing algorithms used by different GIS packages also contribute significantly to surveyed/ predicted viewshed discrepancies, but more importantly, result in predicted viewsheds that disagree with one other, thereby confounding comparisons of results generated with differing software systems. Finally, the spatial resolution of DEMs also has a significant effect on the degree of agreement between surveyed and predicted viewsheds, but the magnitude of this effect is not as great as are the effects produced by DEM errors.
Ion permeability of the nuclear pore complex and ion-induced macromolecular permeation as studied by scanning electrochemical and fluorescence microscopy.

Efficient delivery of therapeutic macromolecules and nanomaterials into the nucleus is imperative for gene therapy and nanomedicine. Nucleocytoplasmic molecular transport, however, is tightly regulated by the nuclear pore complex (NPC) with the hydrophobic transport barriers based on phenylalanine and glycine repeats. Herein, we apply scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) to quantitatively study the permeability of the NPCs to small probe ions with a wide range of hydrophobicity as a measure of their hydrophobic interactions with the transport barriers. Amperometric detection of the redox-inactive probe ions is enabled by using the ion-selective SECM tips based on the micropipet- or nanopipet-supported interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions. The remarkably high ion permeability of the NPCs is successfully measured by SECM and theoretically analyzed. This analysis demonstrates that the ion permeability of the NPCs is determined by the dimensions and density of the nanopores without a ...
The Third Road.

Most business schools expect faculty members to be good researchers or good teachers, but not both. Groomed to be successful at a research institution, there was little emphasis placed on the author's development as a teacher. In her first full-time job, she found that there were few rewards for effective teaching. Based on her own experiences in the classroom and support from colleagues in the Organizational Behavior Teaching Society, the author successfully searched for a career that combined teaching and research. The essay concludes with advice to doctoral students and others who aspire to pursue the scholarship of teaching and learning.
Are Reintroductions Necessary

The Journal of Chiropractic Humanities was born in year 1991 and it is amazing how much can happen in just thirteen years. Originally named Philosophical Constructs for the Chiropractic Profession, this publication now bears the name Journal of Chiropractic Humanities. From its inception, it has been provided free of charge to all members of the profession from the journal offices at the National University of Health Sciences. Now, due to its Internet presence, the contents are free full-text online. The National University will continue to provide the journal to its readers free of charge so that the scholarship of philosophy can be accessible to people all over the world.
First report of southern blight of common barley in Puerto Rico.

In 1990–91, 96% of the test plants in a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) winter nursery in Puerto Rico was lost toSclerotium rolfsii. Small necrotic lesions (1–3 mm long) developed at the base of the stem, followed by wilting and general chlorosis as the lesions progressed and eventually girdled the base of the stem. Sclerotia then developed on the plants at the stem base. Two morphologically different strains ofS. rolfsii that were mycelial incompatible were isolated. This is the first report of a destructive blight due toS. rolfsii on field barley in the Caribbean. The apparent rate of disease increase (r) was estimated to be 12.2% per day using the logistic model, with an initial disease incidence of 0.042% (R2=0.89, p<-0.001).
Frequency- and bias-dependent ac conductivity of charge-density waves in TaS3

Abstract The charge-density wave contribution to the dc and the small-signal ac conductivity of orthorhombic TaS3 has been completely characterized for a single crystal. The ac conductivity is found to be independent of dc bias below threshold. The tunneling theory of charge-density wave depinning successfully predicts the real and imaginary parts of the ac conductivity as functions of both frequency and applied dc bias, using only a fit to the dc I–V data and one adjustable parameter.
Process and outcome of exposure treatment with obsessive-compulsives: Psychophysiological indicators of emotional processing

Three indicators of emotional processing — peak response, habituation within sessions, and habituation across sessions — were examined in relation to therapy outcome with 14 obsessive-compulsives who were treated by 15 sessions of exposure in imagination and in vivo. Treatment outcome was evaluated by therapist, independent assessor, and self-ratings of target symptoms. Processes during therapy were assessed via self-report of anxiety as well as cardiac and electrodermal responses recorded during treatment sessions 6 and 14. Overall, the treatment was successful. As hypothesized, fear activation during exposure and habituation within sessions were evident in both self-report and physiological measures; habituation across sessions was observed in group means only for self-report. Also as hypothesized, both fear activation during exposure and greater habituation across sessions predicted better posttreatment ratings of obsessional fear. Habituation within sessions did not predict individual differences in outcome. These results support the theoretical formulation developed by Foa and Kozak (1986) to explain the effects of exposure therapy.
Rescue of the learning defect in dunce, a Drosophila learning mutant, by an allele of rutabaga, a second learning mutant.

Abstract rutabaga1 (rut1), a Drosophila learning mutant, has adenylate cyclase (EC 4.6.1.1) with reduced basal activity and the absence of calcium/calmodulin-stimulated activity. A second learning mutant, dunce, is defective in cyclic AMP degradation due to decreased or absent phosphodiesterase activity. These opposing biochemical defects allow rut1 to partially suppress the female sterility caused by elevated cyclic AMP levels in dunce flies. Selection of mutations that suppress dunce sterility has led to the isolation of two rutabaga alleles. The alleles (rut2 and rut3) decrease basal adenylate cyclase activity [Bellen, H. J., Gregory, B. K., Olsson, C. L. & Kiger, J. A. (1987) Dev. Biol. 121, 432-444] but, unlike the original rutabaga mutation, leave the calcium/calmodulin-stimulated activity intact. Behaviorally, the two alleles also differ from rut1. One of the mutations partially rescues the dunce learning defect, and flies bearing both alleles learn. Calcium responsiveness may thus be the crucial component of adenylate cyclase activity required for associative learning.
Outcome of triple negative breast cancer: comparison of sporadic and BRCA1-associated cancers

The majority of breast cancers developing in BRCA1 mutation carriers are triple negative breast cancers (TNBC), an aggressive subtype that accounts for 15–20 % of sporadic breast cancer. We compare the clinical outcome and sites of relapse of TNBC in BRCA1 mutation carriers and non-carriers who received adjuvant chemotherapy. Women with stage I–III TNBC who had BRCA1 testing within 36 months of diagnosis and received adjuvant chemotherapy were identified from clinical databases at two academic institutions. Sites of relapse, freedom from distant metastasis (FFDM), and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) were determined. RCA1 carriers (n = 89) were significantly younger at diagnosis (P < 0.0001) than non-carriers (n = 175). FFDM at 5 years was 80.5 % for carriers and 76.9 % for non-carriers; with median follow-up of 55 months, hazard ratio (HR) was 0.90, P = 0.71. Sites of recurrence, including brain, did not differ significantly. BCSS at 5 years was 88.1 % for carriers and 81.4 % for non-carriers; HR 0.60; P = 0.15 at 55 months follow-up. BRCA1 carriers who underwent oophorectomy had a significantly lower rate of death from TNBC, with an adjusted HR of 0.30 (95 % CI 0.10–0.94). Adjusting for age, oophorectomy, and prophylactic mastectomy, BRCA1 mutation status was not an independent predictor of survival (HR 2.1; P = 0.13). BRCA1 mutation carriers with TNBC had similar survival rates and sites of recurrence to non-carriers after treatment with conventional chemotherapy. Carriers who underwent oophorectomy had a significantly lower rate of breast cancer-related death; this finding should be studied further in all women with TNBC.
Study of Flow Through a Stationary Ribbed Channel for Blade Cooling

The firing temperature in gas turbine relates itself directly to the power output and the efficiency of the turbine. The higher the firing (operating) temperatures, higher the wall temperature of blades. However, an increase in the firing temperature is limited by the first stage blade material properties. This is because the higher firing temperature may cause a creep rupture, oxidizing, melting and ultimately failing of blades. Prior to blade cooling, the firing temperature was the same as the blade material temperature. Advancements in cooling technology have resulted in high firing temperatures with acceptable material temperatures. To better design the cooling channels and to improve heat transfer, many researchers are studying the flow patterns inside the cooling channels both experimentally and computationally. In this paper, the authors present the performance of three turbulence models using a Computational Fluid Dynamics code in comparison with the experimental values. To test the performance, a square duct was used with rectangular ribs oriented at 90° and 45° degree and placed at regular intervals. The channel also has bleed holes. The wall Nusselt numbers are compared in both the experimental and the computational results after suitable normalization. The Reynolds number is set to 10,000. The interactions between secondary flows and separation lead to very complex flow patterns. To accurately simulate these flows and heat transfer, both refined turbulence models and higher-order numerical schemes are indispensable for turbine designers to improve the cooling performance. The three-dimensional turbulent flows and heat transfer are numerically studied by using several different turbulence models, such as a non-linear low-Reynolds number k-ω and Reynolds Stress (RSM) models. In the k-ω model the cubic terms are included to represent the effects of extra strain-rates such as streamline curvature and three-dimensionality on both normal and shear turbulence stresses. The finite volume difference method incorporated with the higher-order bounded interpolation scheme has been employed in the present study. The outcome of this study helps to determine the best suitable turbulence model for future studies.© 2010 ASME
Evaluation of the Person-Centered Care Essentials Program: Importance of Trainers in Achieving Targeted Outcomes

A person-centered care (PCC) training program was developed and disseminated to 84 institutes for retired religious persons across the United States. The program was delivered via a train-the-trainer model wherein institute trainers attended a 2-day training conference, then taught the material to direct care workers (DCWs) at their respective sites. Evaluation of the training showed that DCWs' attitudes toward and knowledge of PCC improved after training. The relationship between trainers' perception of the ability of their site to implement PCC training and DCW knowledge improvement varied by training module. Training regarding the physical environment resulted in the smallest gains in DCW knowledge.
Neuroanesthesia: A Review of the Effects of Anesthetic Agents on Cerebral Blood Flow and Intracranial Pressure in the Dog

Successful anesthetic management of dogs with reduced intracranial compliance requires a knowledge of the effects of various anesthetic agents on cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure. The major physiologic factors that influence cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure (ICP) include the cerebrovascular autoregulatory mechanism, intracranial compliance, blood pressure, and the partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Intravenous and inhalation anesthetic agents alter cerebral blood flow and intracranial pressure in the dog. These alterations can have profound effects in dogs with reduced intracranial compliance, necessitating proper anesthetic management. Suggested guidelines for neuroleptanesthetic and inhalation anesthesia regimens in dogs with reduced intracranial compliance include thorough presurgical evaluation, minimal patient stress during induction, use of an anesthetic protocol that minimizes ICP effects, and hyperventilation to maintain a Pco2 within a range of 25 to 35 mm Hg.
Appealing to the imagination: Effective and ethical marketing of religion

Abstract This paper defines and develops the concept of ‘appealing to the imagination,’ a type of marketing communication designed to engage the imagination of the target audience, which presents aesthetic, poetic, and truthful characteristics. The paper proposes ‘appealing to the imagination’ as an effective and ethical technique for marketing religion, arguing that appeals to the imagination persuade audiences effectively and communicate religious claims with authenticity and tolerance. The case of the Focolare, a rapidly growing religious movement that uses appeals to the imagination extensively and successfully, illustrates these propositions.
The functional basis of adaptive evolution in chemostats.

Two of the central problems in biology are determining the molecular basis of adaptive evolution and understanding how cells regulate their growth. The chemostat is a device for culturing cells that provides great utility in tackling both of these problems: it enables precise control of the selective pressure under which organisms evolve and it facilitates experimental control of cell growth rate. The aim of this review is to synthesize results from studies of the functional basis of adaptive evolution in long-term chemostat selections using Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae . We describe the principle of the chemostat, provide a summary of studies of experimental evolution in chemostats, and use these studies to assess our current understanding of selection in the chemostat. Functional studies of adaptive evolution in chemostats provide a unique means of interrogating the genetic networks that control cell growth, which complements functional genomic approaches and quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping in natural populations. An integrated approach to the study of adaptive evolution that accounts for both molecular function and evolutionary processes is critical to advancing our understanding of evolution. By renewing efforts to integrate these two research programs, experimental evolution in chemostats is ideally suited to extending the functional synthesis to the study of genetic networks.
The Discipline of Freedom: Action and Normalization in the Theory and Practice of Neo-Liberalism

Using poststructuralist theory as a backdrop, this article demonstrates how the neo-liberal discourse of freedom becomes a method of normalization and domination. It shows how this tendency is apparent in the theory and practice of neo-liberalism, in the work of F.A. Hayek and in the public policy of welfare reform of the self-proclaimed “new paternalists,” respectively. This article links the normalizing tendency of neo-liberalism with the “futureness” of the neo-liberal demand that free agents be “effective.” The article presents the foil of a poststructuralist account of freedom that is present-orientated and so non-normalizing.
Perioperative steroid dosing in patients receiving chronic oral steroids, undergoing outpatient hand surgery.

ISTORICALLY, PATIENTS WHO are receiving oral glucocorticoids and undergo surgical procedures were administered supplemental intravenous steroids during the perioperative period. This practice remains controversial, however, for less invasive outpatient procedures such as those performed by hand surgeons on a routine basis. 1–5 To date, there are no evidence-based treatment guidelines that provide firm recommendations for the administration of perioperative steroids; rather, present management is based on case reports and observational studies. 2,3 In this article, we discuss the pathophysiology behind acute adrenal insufficiency, the stress response and its suppression, patients who may be at risk, the effect of inhaled and topical steroids, and published data that guide our practice concerning the administration of perioperative corticosteroids to patients undergoing outpatient hand surgery. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY The “HPA axis” consists of the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. The hypothalamus secretes corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in response to stress, circulating blood levels of cortisol, and the sleep/ wake cycle. CRH then stimulates the pituitary to secrete adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), which in turn stimulates the release of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. Cortisol is a negative inhibitor of both CRH and ACTH. It acts through various intracellular receptors to prevent the proliferation of T-cells, counteract insulin by increasing gluconeogenesis, promote breakdown of