cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LONGER BRAIN DEATH DURATION ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED ACUTE CELLULAR REJECTION AFTER HEART TRANSPLANTATION

Brain death (BD) causes a cytokine storm that may adversely affect the donor heart through an inflammatory response. It has yet to be determined whether duration of BD has a major impact on heart transplant (Htx) recipients. We sought to assess the impact of BD duration to post Htx outcomes.
Laboratory-reared Boll Weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Are Visually Impaired

Compound eyes of boll weevils, Anthonomus grandis grandis Boheman, reared for many generations on artificial diets at the Gast Rearing Laboratory had reduced visual sensitivity when compared with field-collected weevils. Visual sensitivity was measured using electroretinographic methods. Vision of both recently colonized boll weevils (<1 year) reared on the standard larval diet without the calico red dye marker, and boll weevils of the Gast strain reared on the same diet with and without calico red dye, was impaired greatly. Laboratory-reared boll weevils were 400-fold less sensitive to monochromatic light stimuli at 510 nm than field-collected weevils. Visual sensitivity of recently colonized weevils and the Gast laboratory-reared weevils (reared on diets with and without calico red dye) improved to approximately one-half that of field-collected weevils after feeding on cotton seedlings for 4–5 days.
Emission and control of PM_(2.5) in flue gas for different types of coal-fired boilers

By electrical low pressure impactor(ELPI)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM),The particle size distribution of PM2.5 in flue gas and their morphology were investigated for different types of coalfired utility boilers.The results indicate that the number of PM2.5 in pulverized coal boilers ranges from4×106 to 17×106 per cubic centimeter,while that in circulating fluidized bed(CFB)boilers is about 2×106per cubic centimeter.The content fine mode particles in pulverized coal boilers are significantly higher than those in CFB boilers.Compared to bag and electric-bag composite dust collector,the electrostatic precipitator(ESP)has a lower removal efficiency of PM2.5,for the lower removal efficiency for particles with size from 0.1μm to 1μm.Due to the evaporation of the droplets escaped from desulfurization,the PM2.5 emission from FGD increases.
Utilization of alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw in cattle growing and finishing diets.

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate alkaline hydrogen peroxide-treated wheat straw (AHPWS) in cattle growing (Exp. 1) and finishing (Exp. 2) diets. In Exp. 1, 162 crossbred steers (257 kg) were fed 66% roughage diets in an 84-d growth trial to compare AHPWS to corn silage (CS) and to evaluate different supplemental CP sources and levels. A completely randomized design with a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement of treatments was used. Factors were roughage source (CS, a 1:1 mixture of CS:AHPWS [MIX] and AHPWS) and CP treatment (13 and 11% CP with supplemental CP provided by soybean meal [13-SBM] and [11-SBM] and 11% CP with a combination of urea, corn gluten meal, and fish meal [UGF]). Lasalocid was fed at the rate of 200 mg per steer daily. Steers fed AHPWS had decreased (P less than .01) DMI compared with steers fed MIX and CS. This may be due to increased dietary Na from residual Na in AHPWS. With each incremental increase in AHPWS, ADG and gain/feed decreased (P less than .01). Dry matter intakes (kg/d), ADG (kg), and gain/feed for CS, MIX, and AHPWS were 8.0, 1.56, and .19; 8.2, 1.33, and .16; and 7.5, 1.08, and .14, respectively. Decreased performance by steers fed AHPWS may be due, in part, to a negative interaction between the lasalocid and dietary minerals. There were no differences in performance due to CP supplementation. In Exp. 2, AHPWS was compared to alfalfa hay (AH) and CS at 10 and 20% of dietary DM (2 x 3 factorial) in a 127-d finishing trial with 108 crossbred steers (341 kg).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Principal Component Analysis of the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire in a U.S. Military Sample of Marine Corps Non-Commissioned Officers.

ABSTRACT Attitudes about suicide are important to examine among individuals within a specific setting, profession, and/or culture; if found to be condemnatory, such attitudes can be effectively modified with training. The Suicide Opinion Questionnaire (SOQ) is one of the most commonly used instruments for the measurement of attitudes toward suicide. The SOQ has not been tested in military populations and the measure has demonstrated multiple different factor structures across various studies performed on civilian samples. The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to gain an understanding of the applicability and utility of the SOQ for the military; and (2) to examine the relationship among sex, education, prior exposure to suicide within one's military unit, and suicide opinions. A total of 1,758 Marine Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) completed the SOQ as part of a suicide program evaluation study. Results demonstrated a 4-component structure for the SOQ, accounting for approximately 30% of the total va...
Micropapillary Serous Borderline Ovarian Tumor in Early Pregnancy: Is Conservative Surgery Still a Viable Option?

With the advent of improved sonographic techniques, it is quite common to find ovarian masses during pregnancy. Most of these are benign and are usually managed conservatively. It is rare to find a malignant ovarian tumor in pregnancy with a reported incidence of 1 in 12,000 to 1 in 47,000. Up to 8% of the adnexal masses could be borderline in nature. We present a case of a 29-year-old woman whose ultrasound in early first trimester (5 weeks) identified a solid-cystic ovarian mass with a raised CA125, suspicious of ovarian malignancy. She did not have any symptoms arising from this mass. She underwent a laparotomy and unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy at 6 weeks gestation. Frozen section was reported as borderline papillary serous ovarian tumor and hence omentectomy was done to complete the staging. Histology confirmed micropapillary variant of serous borderline tumor with a few foci of stromal micro-invasion. She was staged as FIGO stage IC. She was managed conservatively with regular follow-up at the antenatal clinic. She delivered a healthy baby at term by cesarean section. She is currently free of disease and is on regular follow-up at the gynae-oncology clinic. We wish to highlight that although borderline ovarian tumors (BOTs) in general have a very favorable prognosis, those diagnosed during pregnancy can be associated with aggressive features. The micropapillary variant of the serous BOT has the potential of malignant transformation and may represent an early stage in the continuum of development of low-grade serous tumors of the ovary. These patients should be closely followed up to detect any recurrence or progressive disease early. J Med Cases. 2016;7(9):406-410 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/jmc2617w
Distribution of 5-HT1F Receptors in Monkey Vestibular and Trigeminal Ganglion Cells.

Background: Evidence of serotonergic involvement in vestibular pathway contributions to migraine and balance disorders is compelling. Serotonergic 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptors are expressed extensively in inner ear ganglia of monkeys and rats. The serotonergic 5-HT1F receptor is also a target of triptans. This study describes its distribution in vestibular and trigeminal ganglia of monkeys. Methods: Using primary polyclonal antibodies raised against oligopeptides specific for the human 5-HT1F receptor, neuronal somatic area and intensity of immunoreactive vestibular and trigeminal ganglia were quantified. Results and Discussion: Virtually all vestibular and considerable trigeminal ganglia showed positive 5-HT1F receptor immunoreactivity. Inferior and superior vestibular ganglia staining appeared confined to distinct cell regions, varying considerably among cells of different sizes: more intense in small, punctate in some medium and regionally polarized in some large cells. Analyses of average somatic vestibular neuronal immunoreactive intensity identified mainly medium sized cells with high standard deviation of intensity corresponding to punctately-stained cells. Less variability occurred in somatic intensity staining and cellular distribution among 5-HT1F receptor immunopositive trigeminal ganglia. Most exhibited similar punctate staining patterns, higher mean somatic immunoreactive intensity and larger neuronal somatic size proportions per size distribution subpopulation compared to vestibular ganglia size distribution populations. Centrally directed vestibular ganglion neuronal processes, cochlear inner hair cells, vestibular hair cells and blood vessels in vestibular maculae and cristae were immunoreactive. The 5-HT1F receptor expression in vestibular ganglia shows complex variable staining intensity patterns associated with cell size of immunopositive neurons, not seen in immunopositive trigeminal ganglia and not previously evident with 5-HT1B and 5-HT1D receptor subtype immunoreactivity in vestibular ganglia. These data motivate exploration of 5-HT1 receptor oligomerization and ligand functional selectivity in differential serotonergic involvement in co-morbidity of migraine and balance disorders. Similar findings in cochlear inner hair cell afferents are applicable to migraine related tinnitus or hypercusis (phonophobia).
Bcl-6 protein expression by follicle center lymphomas. A marker for differentiating follicle center lymphomas from other low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders.

Low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders are a heterogeneous group of lymphoid neoplasms with wide variation in histologic features, immunologic phenotype, and molecular abnormalities. Subclassification of these disorders with small lymphocytic proliferation may be difficult on the basis of morphologic findings alone. The bcl-6 gene, originally cloned from a tumor with 3q27 translocation, is commonly expressed in large cell lymphomas. In humans, bcl-6 encodes for a Kruppel-type zinc finger protein and is believed to be important in germinal center formation. Bcl-6 protein is expressed mainly by follicle center cells and a few interfollicular T lymphocytes. We analyzed Bcl-6 expression with immunologic methods in common low-grade lymphoproliferative disorders as an aid to differentiation of tumors with follicle center origin. We analyzed Bcl-6 staining of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue from 72 indolent lymphomas including 31 grade I and II follicle center lymphomas (FCL), 13 small lymphocytic lymphomas (SLL), 12 mantle cell lymphomas (MCL), and 16 marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) including lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and spleen. All of 31 FCL were positive for Bcl-6 expression. One of 13 SLL and 1 of 12 MCL were positive, whereas none of 16 MZL were positive. Bcl-6 was also detected in 5 of 5 FCL and 1 of3 MZL, but in no SLL or MCL by Western blot analysis in 14 cases with lymphoid disorders. Our study demonstrates that Bcl-6 expression is common in low-grade FCL but is rare in other indolent B-cell lymphoid disorders, and may be a useful adjunct in classification of indolent lymphomas.
A probability-based multi-cycle sorting method for 4D-MRI: A simulation study.

Purpose: To develop a novel probability-based sorting method capable of generating multiple breathing cycles of 4D-MRI images and to evaluate performance of this new method by comparing with conventional phase-based methods in terms of image quality and tumor motion measurement. Methods: Based on previous findings that breathing motion probability density function (PDF) of a single breathing cycle is dramatically different from true stabilized PDF that resulted from many breathing cycles, it is expected that a probability-based sorting method capable of generating multiple breathing cycles of 4D images may capture breathing variation information missing from conventional single-cycle sorting methods. The overall idea is to identify a few main breathing cycles (and their corresponding weightings) that can best represent the main breathing patterns of the patient and then reconstruct a set of 4D images for each of the identified main breathing cycles. This method is implemented in three steps: (1) The breathing signal is decomposed into individual breathing cycles, characterized by amplitude, and period; (2) individual breathing cycles are grouped based on amplitude and period to determine the main breathing cycles. If a group contains more than 10% of all breathing cycles in a breathing signal, it is determined as a main breathing pattern group and is represented by the average of individual breathing cycles in the group; (3) for each main breathing cycle, a set of 4D images is reconstructed using a result-driven sorting method adapted from our previous study. The probability-based sorting method was first tested on 26 patients’ breathing signals to evaluate its feasibility of improving target motion PDF. The new method was subsequently tested for a sequential image acquisition scheme on the 4D digital extended cardiac torso (XCAT) phantom. Performance of the probability-based and conventional sorting methods was evaluated in terms of target volume precision and accuracy as measured by the 4D images, and also the accuracy of average intensity projection (AIP) of 4D images. Results: Probability-based sorting showed improved similarity of breathing motion PDF from 4D images to reference PDF compared to single cycle sorting, indicated by the significant increase in Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) (probability-based sorting, DSC = 0.89 ± 0.03, and single cycle sorting, DSC = 0.83 ± 0.05, p-value <0.001). Based on the simulation study on XCAT, the probability-based method outperforms the conventional phase-based methods in qualitative evaluation on motion artifacts and quantitative evaluation on tumor volume precision and accuracy and accuracy of AIP of the 4D images. Conclusions: In this paper the authors demonstrated the feasibility of a novel probability-based multicycle 4D image sorting method. The authors’ preliminary results showed that the new method can improve the accuracy of tumor motion PDF and the AIP of 4D images, presenting potential advantages over the conventional phase-based sorting method for radiation therapy motion management.
A successful approach to minimizing attrition in racial/ethnic minority, low-income populations.

Background Recruiting and retaining minority participants in clinical trials continue to be major challenges. Although multiple studies document lower minority trial enrollment, much less is known about effective minority retention strategies. Our objectives were to evaluate an innovative approach to high RCT retention of minority children, and identify child/caregiver characteristics predicting attrition. Methods The Kids' HELP trial examined the effects of Parent Mentors on insuring uninsured minority children. We tested a retention strategic framework consisting of: 1) optimizing cultural/linguistic competency; 2) staff training on participant relationships and trust; 3) comprehensive participant contact information; 4) an electronic tracking database; 5) reminders for upcoming outcomes-assessment appointments; 6) frequent, sustained contact attempts for non-respondents; 7) financial incentives; 8) individualized rapid-cycle quality-improvement approaches to non-respondents; 9) reinforcing study importance; and 10) home assessment visits. We compared attrition in Kids' HELP vs. two previous RCTs in similar populations, and conducted bivariate and multivariable analyses of factors associated with Kids' HELP attrition. Results Attrition in Kids' HELP was lower than in two similar RCTs, at 10.9% vs. 37% and 40% (P < 0.001). After multivariable adjustment, missing the first outcomes follow-up assessment was the only factor significantly associated with attrition (relative risk = 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.1–2.0). Conclusions A retention strategic framework was successful in minimizing attrition in minority, low-income children. Participants missing first assessment appointments were at highest risk of subsequent attrition. These findings suggest that deploying this framework may help RCT retention of low-income minority children, particularly those at the highest risk of subsequent attrition.
Russian-English Physics Dictionary

(1964). Russian-English Physics Dictionary. Nuclear Science and Engineering: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 552-552.
The Use of Electronic Health Records to Identify Children with Elevated Blood Pressure and Hypertension

Elevated blood pressures often go unrecognized in pediatric patients, potentially putting children and adolescents at risk for the sequelae of untreated hypertension. This may be partially due to the complexity involved in diagnosing elevated pediatric blood pressures, which demands a high cognitive workload from providers. Tools built into electronic health records have the potential to alleviate this workload, and studies investigating these tools confirm they show promise in improving elevated blood pressure recognition. However, the current tools are not perfect, and determining the optimal design and implementation of future iterations requires further study. The proper integration of patient-generated blood pressure readings, such as those obtained during ambulatory blood pressure monitors, also requires careful consideration.
Institution of a Comprehensive Postpartum Hemorrhage Bundle at a Large Academic Center does not Immediately Reduce Maternal Morbidity.

Objective Obstetric hemorrhage is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. We sought to assess whether institution of a postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) bundle could improve maternal morbidity in our population. Study Design Preintervention data (PRE) was collected on all deliveries at Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between October 15, 2013 and December 15, 2013. A two-pronged, multidisciplinary educational and procedural intervention related to PPH was instituted from March 2015 to June 2015. Postintervention data (POST) was collected on all deliveries from October 20, 2015 to December 20, 2015. Results Note that 592 of 626 (95%) PRE and 583 of 613 (95%) POST deliveries were included. The rates of PPH by estimated blood loss (EBL) ≥ 1,000 mL and by 3 g hemoglobin drop were not significantly different from PRE to POST (9.0% versus 12.2%, p = 0.07 and 10.5% versus 13.5%, p = 0.10, respectively). There was no significant change in transfusion rate (3.4% versus 5.1%, p = 0.13). Use of uterotonics was reduced from 9.8 to 6.3% from PRE to POST (p = 0.03). Conclusion While institution of a PPH bundle is designed to improve the morbidity of PPH, our data demonstrate that it cannot be expected to do so within 6 months of implementation. Further studies will need to assess the long-term effects of such a resource-intensive protocol, including perceptions of improved safety by all providers, nurses, and staff.
Effect of Cosmic Rays on the Evolution and Momentum Deposition of Supernova Remnants

Using a semianalytical approach based on the thin-shell approximation, we calculate the long-term evolution of supernova remnants (SNRs) while also accounting for the cosmic rays (CRs) accelerated at their blast waves. Our solution reproduces the results of state-of-the-art fluid simulations across the adiabatic and radiative stages for the gas-only case, and it predicts that typical CR acceleration efficiencies (≈10%) can boost SNR momentum deposition by a factor of 2-3. This enhancement can become as large as an order of magnitude in environments in which the gas experiences more severe radiative losses. This result may have a crucial impact on modeling the effect of supernova feedback on star formation and galaxy evolution.
Risk Sensitive Value of Changed Information for Selective Querying of Web Services

A key challenge associated with compositions is that they must often function in volatile environments, where the parameters of the component Web services may change during execution. Failure to adapt to such changes may result in sub-optimal compositions. Value of changed information (VOC) offers a principled and recognized approach for selectively querying component services for their revised information. It does so in a rational (risk neutral) way. However, risk preferences often constitute an important part of the organization’s decision analysis cycle and determine its desired business goals. We show how VOC may be generalized to consider preferences such as risk seeking and aversion using a utility based approach. Importantly, considerations of risk preferences lead to different services being used in the compositions and selected for querying for revised information. This is intuitive and provides evidence toward the validity of our approach for modeling risk preferences in VOC.
Historical Materialism and Mathematics

Dirk Struik has narrated the history of mathematics from a materialist perspective. He consistently places mathematical developments in their social and historical contexts. For example, he links the evolution of arithmetic into algebra to the cultivation of number science in schools of scribes, and the development of the position system in Sumer to administrative techniques.1 The relative stagnation of mathematics in the period preceding the emergence of ancient Greek civilization is attributed to cultural stagnation in China, India, Babylonia, and Egypt. But this is not left as an empty generalization. Struik traces the roots of the Greek emergence to political and economic changes in the vicinity of the Mediterranean basin during the closing centuries of the second millenium BC. The details of these changes are well-known: the bronze age gave way to the iron age; there were migrations and wars; the technology and social organization of war changed; production tools became less expensive; the social surplus increased; coined money and the alphabet were introduced. Struik underlines the importance of the growth in trade during this period. Constant struggle, in contrast to “Oriental staticism”, stimulated the independence of merchants who recognized neither absolute monarchs nor static, all-powerful deities. These merchants enjoyed a certain amount of leisure (due to wealth and slave labor), and they could “philosophize”.
Accuracy of Multiple Lines of Position for Hydrography

Multiple lines of position (MLOP) have long been acclaimed by some hydrographers as giving more accurate positions than the traditional two lines of position. The best method to achieve this increase in positional accuracy has been debated for an equally long period of time. This paper does not discuss the virtues of the various methods but simply displays the results of one MLOP method utilizing data acquired with typical field procedures and time-tested methods. The results show that a significantly more accurate position can be obtained if the MLOP method of position computation is utilized. Data were acquired with relatively inexperienced personnel and available (old) equipment. For some projects, a change in the positioning method--rather than purchasing new expensive state-of-the-art equipment--may be the best way to achieve an increase in the accuracy of positioning data.
Oxide and Interface Charge Generation by Electron Injection in MOS Devices

The development of charge within the oxide layer of an MOS structure, during transport of an electron current across the oxide layer, is illustrated in Figure 1.
Ultrasound assessment of vocal fold paresis: a correlation case series with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy and adding the third dimension (3-D) to vocal fold mobility assessment.

BACKGROUND: Perioperative examination ofthe vocal folds with flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy is not always feasible. Prior studies suggest vocal fold ultrasound may provide a useful screening tool, however, correlation to laryngoscopic findings is necessary. The purpose of the case series was to validate vocal fold ultrasound in the adult population and to correlate the ultrasound findings to the assessment provided by flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This IRB approved study accrued sixteen patients. Vocal fold ultrasound performed by the anesthesiologist was correlated with the laryngoscopy performed by the otolaryngologist. RESULTS: Assessment of vocal fold motion was congruent in thirteen patients with normal vocal fold mobility; however, there was discordance between the findings in three patients. CONCLUSION: Vocal fold ultrasound may be useful to screen for vocal fold motion abnormalities in the adult population. Abnormal findings on vocal fold ultrasound should be confirmed with subsequent laryngoscopy.
Damage Detection of A Health Monitoring Benchmark Building Using Hilbert-Huang Spectral Analysis*

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a new approach based on the Hilbert–Huang spectral analysis applied to the damage identification and assessment of the benchmark structure. In this approach, the cross-correlation functions of the measured floor acceleration responses are first decomposed into different modal components using the empirical mode decomposition method and band-pass filters. Then, the Hilbert transform is applied to each modal component to obtain the time-dependent (instantaneous) phase angles, frequencies, and amplitudes. All the natural frequencies and damping ratios can be identified using only a single measurement. When the acceleration responses at all floors are measured, the mode shapes, and the stiffness, and damping matrices can be identified using the proposed approach. Based on a comparison of the stiffness of each storey unit prior to and after damage, the damage locations, and severities can be identified. The chapter finally presents the simulation results for the damage patterns in the weakest direction of the benchmark structure using a 4-DOF linear shear building. The proposed approach is shown to be quite effective for the system identification and damage detection of structural health monitoring.
Linear Phase FIR Low Pass Filter Design Based on Firefly Algorithm

In this paper, a linear phase Low Pass FIR filter is designed and proposed based on Firefly algorithm. We exploit the exploitation and exploration mechanism with a local search routine to improve the convergence and get higher speed computation. The optimum FIR filters are designed based on the Firefly method for which the finite word length is used to represent coefficients. Furthermore, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Differential Evolution algorithm (DE) will be used to show the solution. The results will be compared with PSO and DE methods. Firefly algorithm and Parks–McClellan (PM) algorithm are also compared in this paper thoroughly. The design goal is successfully achieved in all design examples using the Firefly algorithm. They are compared with that obtained by using the PSO and the DE algorithm. For the problem at hand, the simulation results show that the Firefly algorithm outperforms the PSO and DE methods in some of the presented design examples. It also performs well in a portion of the exhibited design examples particularly in speed and quality.
Harnessing the immune response to improve functional healing

Interleukin-4–conjugated gold nanoparticles promote M2 macrophage polarization and functional muscle recovery in an ischemic mouse model.
Gridiron University: Should Football Be Reinstated?

While exciting and energizing, adding sport programs is a major undertaking for any college athletic department. A broad overview of considerations associated with National Collegiate Athletic Asso...
Chest tube removal algorithm is associated with decreased chest tube duration in pediatric cardiac surgical patients

Abstract Objective Management of chest tubes in adult and pediatric patients is highly variable. There are no published guidelines for pediatric cardiac surgical patients. Our center undertook a quality improvement project aimed at reducing chest tube duration and length of stay in postsurgical pediatric cardiac patients. Methods A work group identified 2 opportunities for reducing chest tube duration: standardizing removal criteria and increasing frequency of assessment for removal. An algorithm was created, and chest tube assessments were increased to twice daily. All postsurgical cardiac patients were managed according to the algorithm. Outcome measure reporting was limited to patients age 1 month to 18 years with a biventricular surgical procedure. Outcome measures included chest tube duration, cardiac intensive care unit and hospital length of stay, and cost of hospitalization. Process measure was documentation of chest tube assessments. The balancing measure was chest tube reinsertions. Results Between April 2016 and July 2018, 126 patients aged 1 month to 18 years underwent a biventricular surgical procedure. Mean chest tube duration decreased from 61 to 47 hours. Cardiac intensive care unit length of stay decreased from 141 hours to 89 hours, hospital length of stay decreased from 266 to 156 hours, and average hospitalization cost decreased from $75,881 to $48,118. There was no increase in chest tube reinsertions. Conclusions Implementation of a chest tube removal algorithm for pediatric cardiac surgery patients resulted in decreased chest tube duration and was associated with decreased length of stay and costs without an increase in reinsertions. More significant impact may be attainable with more aggressive approach to removal.
Principles of Heart Failure

This chapter is a review of the epidemiology and physiology of heart failure. As heart failure imposes a significant burden on both the patient and the healthcare system, there is considerable effort to better understand its physiological basis. The chapter first discusses the response of the heart to hemodynamic stress in the healthy state and in heart failure. The chapter then focuses on the causes of heart failure as well as the elements that contribute to its progression. The focus shifts to the body’s defenses to heart failure, which includes a coordination between the heart and kidney and a programmed remodeling response at the cellular level. The chapter concludes with a description of how these compensatory mechanisms may temporize the disease but ultimately serve to worsen heart failure in the long term.
The "Wages of Worship," Religious Education, and Human Capital Development in the Black Church: Voices from Rural African American Primary Caregiving Grandmothers.

Grandmothers are often referred to as the spiritual learners and leaders within families and often pass their religious teachings on to their children and grandchildren. This qualitative study inve...
CURRENT STATE OF SCIENCE ON DRUG THERAPIES FOR OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURE PREVENTION

During the workshop, experts discussed the state of the science. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several medications to prevent osteoporotic fractures. These include bisphosphonates (BPs), denosumab, teriparatide, estrogens, and selective estrogen-receptor modulators. BPs are a first line of pharmacologic treatment for most women and men who have osteoporosis. Despite the efficacy of short-term use of BPs and other osteoporosis medications, treatment rates are low and appear to be decreasing. This talk would describe the problem/epidemiology of fracture prevention in the United States; the importance of drug therapy and their effectiveness; the limited evidence regarding long-term use of drug therapies; the questions surrounding the application of drug holidays; and the complex physician and patient factors that impact the use of and adherence to osteoporotic drugs.
Verbal Programming of Robot Behavior.

Home robots may come with many sophisticated built-in abilities, however there will always be a degree of customization needed for each user and environment. Ideally this should be accomplished through one-shot learning, as collecting the large number of examples needed for statistical inference is tedious. A particularly appealing approach is to simply explain to the robot, via speech, what it should be doing. In this paper we describe the ALIA cognitive architecture that is able to effectively incorporate user-supplied advice and prohibitions in this manner. The functioning of the implemented system on a small robot is illustrated by an associated video.
The effect of sand fencing on the morphology of natural dune systems

Abstract Sand fences are a frequently used management tool on developed coastlines because they are inexpensive and easy to install. While the geomorphic effect of sand fences has been investigated before, previous studies have been limited in both temporal and spatial domains. Here, we present the evolution of Bogue Banks, a developed barrier island along the Outer Banks of North Carolina, over a 20-year period from 1997 to 2016 where sand fences were emplaced along parts of the island in 2010. We use LiDAR-derived cross-shore transects (n = 38,454) to measure beach and foredune features along the extent (~40 km) of Bogue Banks for every available year of lidar data as well as the locations of sand fences, which we identify in 39% of the transects following fence construction. First, we found that vertical growth of the natural foredunes along Bogue Banks was slightly positive between 2010 and 2016 despite an increased amount of shoreline erosion. This pattern was coincident with a combination of sand fence installation and beach nourishment efforts, which were most heavily focused on the eastern end of the island. Second, we found that natural foredunes located behind fenced dunes are typically shorter, wider, and smaller in volume than natural foredunes in non-fenced and undeveloped areas. Although this may partly be due to a tendency for fences to be installed in front of more vulnerable dunes, our results suggest that, once emplaced, sand fences prevent growth of the landward foredune behind fenced dunes. These findings suggest that sand fences block sediment supply to landward dunes, leading to a shorter and wider complex foredune than would otherwise naturally occur.
Associations between Trauma during Adolescence and Sense of Purpose in Middle-to-Late Adulthood.

Early adverse experiences can hold lasting influence on later life outcomes, particularly during formative developmental periods such as adolescence. The current study evaluates the impact of diffe...
Mechanisms and Functions of Chromosome Compartmentalization.

Active and inactive chromatin are spatially separated in the nucleus. In Hi-C data, this is reflected by the formation of compartments, whose interactions form a characteristic checkerboard pattern in chromatin interaction maps. Only recently have the mechanisms that drive this separation come into view. Here, we discuss new insights into these mechanisms and possible functions in genome regulation. Compartmentalization can be understood as a microphase-segregated block co-polymer. Microphase separation can be facilitated by chromatin factors that associate with compartment domains, and that can engage in liquid–liquid phase separation to form subnuclear bodies, as well as by acting as bridging factors between polymer sections. We then discuss how a spatially segregated state of the genome can contribute to gene regulation, and highlight experimental challenges for testing these structure–function relationships.
Decision-Making for Bidirectional Communication in Sequential Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks

Communication is critical to collaboration; however, too much of it can degrade performance. Motivated by the need for effective use of a robot’s communication modalities, in this work, we present a computational framework that decides if, when, and what to communicate during human-robot collaboration. The framework, titled CommPlan, consists of a model specification process and an execution-time POMDP planner. To address the challenge of collecting interaction data, the model specification process is hybrid: where part of the model is learned from data, while the remainder is manually specified. Given the model, the robot’s decision-making is performed computationally during interaction and under partial observability of human’s mental states. We implement CommPlan for a shared workspace task, in which the robot has multiple communication options and needs to reason within a short time. Through experiments with human participants, we confirm that CommPlan results in the effective use of communication capabilities and improves human-robot collaboration. ACM Reference Format: Vaibhav V. Unhelkar, Shen Li, and Julie A. Shah. 2020. Decision-Making for Bidirectional Communication in Sequential Human-Robot Collaborative Tasks. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI ’20), March 23–26, 2020, Cambridge, United Kingdom. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 13 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374779
Toxoplasmose et modifications du comportement humain

Resume Pres d’un tiers de la population de la planete est concerne par l’infection a T. gondii et en ophtalmologie la toxoplasmose est meme consideree comme la cause la plus frequente des uveites posterieures d’origine infectieuse. L’etre humain n’est pourtant qu’un hote intermediaire et T. gondii necessite d’infecter des felides pour sa reproduction sexuee. Tous les elements favorisant le risque de predation par l’hote definitif sont ainsi favorables au parasite. De nombreuses etudes experimentales sur modeles animaux ont montre que l’infection par T. gondii etait associee a des comportements a risque de predation tels qu’une attirance des souris infectees pour l’urine de chat. L’infection par le parasite est associee a une demethylation des promoteurs de certains genes au niveau de l’amygdale cerebrale des hotes intermediaires, modifiant les circuits dopaminergiques associes a la peur. De la meme maniere T. gondii pourrait influencer le comportement des humains. L’infection par le toxoplasme est classiquement associee a la frequence de la schizophrenie, aux tentatives de suicide ou aux comportements a risque en automobile. Une etude plus recente montre que l’infection par le toxoplasme peut egalement etre un facteur predictif positif pour l’activite entrepreneuriale. La peur de l’echec serait moins importante chez les sujets infectes, plus disposes que les autres a monter leur entreprise. Ces elements apportent un eclairage interessant sur les comportements et leur eventuelle relation avec la toxoplasmose qui est pourtant generalement reputee comme benigne chez l’adulte.
Can combining economizers with improved filtration save energy and protect equipment in data centers

Economizer use in data centers is an energy efficiency strategy that could significantly limit electricity demand in this rapidly growing economic sector. Widespread economizer implementation, however, has been hindered by potential reliability concerns associated with exposing information technology equipment to particulate matter of outdoor origin. This study explores the feasibility of using economizers in data centers to save energy while controlling particle concentrations with high-quality air filtration. Physical and chemical properties of indoor and outdoor particles were analyzed at an operating northern California data center equipped with an economizer under varying levels of air filtration efficiency. Results show that when improved filtration is used in combination with an economizer, the indoor/outdoor concentration ratios for most measured particle types were similar to levels when using conventional filtration without economizers. An energy analysis of the data center reveals that, even during the summer months, chiller savings from economizer use greatly outweigh any increase in fan power associated with improved filtration. These findings indicate that economizer use combined with improved filtration could reduce data center energy demand while providing a level of protection from particles of outdoor origin similar to that observed with conventional design.
La educación bilingüe en los Estados Unidos: programas, perspectivas, retos y lecciones

espanolEl presente articulo examina de manera historica las politicas y programas que han contribuido a desarrollar la educacion bilingue en los Estados Unidos. Partiendo de la interpretacion que se hace en los Estados Unidos sobre la educacion bilingue, este estudio examina cada uno de los programas educativos que se han ido implementando en el pais desde el siglo XX, su fundamentacion pedagogica y la evaluacion critica de sus resultados. El articulo termina con un analisis de las posibles lecturas y lecciones que el caso norteamericano puede tener para otros contextos. EnglishThe present paper engages in a historical analysis and interpretation of the policies that have contributed to develop bilingual education in the United States. Departing from the U.S. interpretation of bilingual education, this study examines each of the educational programs that have been implemented in the country since the twentieth century, its pedagogical underpinnings, and the critical evaluation of its outcomes. The paper concludes with an analysis of potential interpretations and lessons that the US case may have for other contexts.
Metabogenomics reveals four candidate regions involved in the pathophysiology of Equine Metabolic Syndrome.

Abstract An analogous condition to human metabolic syndrome, Equine Metabolic Syndrome (EMS) is defined by several clinical signs including obesity, hyperinsulinemia, and peripheral insulin dysregulation (ID). Affected horses may also exhibit hypertension, hyperlipemia and systemic inflammation. Measures of ID typically comprise the gold-standard for diagnosis in veterinary care. Yet, the dynamic nature of insulin homeostasis and complex procedures of typical assays make accurate quantification of ID and EMS challenging. This work aimed to investigate new strategies for identification of biochemical markers and correlated genes in EMS. To quantify EMS risk within this population, we utilized a composite score derived from nine common diagnostic variables. We applied a global liquid chromatography/mass spectroscopy approach (HPLC/MS) to whole plasma collected from 49 Arabian horses, resulting in 3392 high-confidence features and identification of putative metabolites in public databases. We performed a genome wide association analysis with genotypes from the 670k Affymetrix Equine SNP array utilizing EMS-correlated metabolites as phenotypes. We discovered four metabolite features significantly correlated with EMS score (P 0.4) containing 63 genes. Significant genomic markers capture 43.52% of the variation in the original EMS score phenotype. The identified genomic loci provide insight into the pathways controlling variation in EMS and the origin of genetic predisposition to the condition. Rapid, feasible and accurate diagnostic tools derived from metabogenomics can be translated into measurable benefits in the timeline and quality of preventative management practices to preserve health in horses.
Examining the Monitoring of Health Surveillance During a Pandemic: A Review of Methodology

The goal is to examine a common problem is biological analytics and surveillance in health care. These methods can improve greatly the process of monitoring health data to assess changes in the likelihood of Pandemics and disease incidence in a world where medical knowledge is still largely in an embryonic period. Based on an illustration, we suggest that multivariate exponential moving-average (MEWMA) control charts are suitable in many cases where detection and inspection of several or more variables over a lengthy period of testing provide for the best analysis of data leading to pre-­diagnostic and diagnostic therapy. Though these methods came from the control of quality and continuous improvement in lean manufacturing and service operations, these methods are useful if not a vital application in the analysis of health care and therapeutic data. The indications from this study corroborate earlier findings by others that MEWMA methods fit the diagnostic activity under study. Unfortunately Pandemic Analysis is using oversimplified techniques such as a seven period moving average in analyzing data secure by diagnostic tests which can easily be improved especially in the use modern day analytics based on quality control methods used in other disciplines.
Meta-Analysis of Behavioral Couples Therapy for Increasing Abstinence From Substance Use and Relationship Adjustment

We evaluated the effectiveness of behavioral couples therapy (BCT) on increasing abstinence from substance use and relationship adjustment when compared to alternative treatments. Using meta-analyt...
Defining the relative contribution of health care environmental components to patient outcomes in the model of 30-day readmission after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

Abstract Background Patient outcomes following health care interventions may be dependent on a variety of factors: patient, surgeon, hospital, information technology, and temporal, cultural, and socioeconomic factors, among others. In this study, we characterize the relative contribution of each of these factors using a model of 30-day readmission following coronary artery bypass graft. Methods The Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, the American Hospital Association Annual Health Survey Databases, the Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society, and the Distressed Communities Index from 2010 to 2013 were linked for Florida, Iowa, Massachusetts, Maryland, New York, and Washington. Logistic regression, random forest, decision tree, gradient boosting, k-nearest-neighbors classification, and XGBoost tree models were implemented. Modeling results were compared on the basis of predictive accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve. Decision tree performed best and was selected for further analysis. A gradient-boosted model was used to quantify factor contribution. Results The model had 45,352 patients, 54,096 admissions, and a 16.2% 30-day readmission rate after coronary artery bypass graft. The top 10 predictors were disposition at discharge, number of chronic conditions, total procedures, median household income, adults without high school diplomas, primary payer method, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality comorbidity: renal failure, patient location (urban-rural), admission type, and age categories. The top 3 socioeconomic predictors were estimated state median household income, adults without high school diplomas, and patient location (urban versus rural designation). The relative contribution of patient/temporal, socioeconomic, hospital information technology, and hospital factors to readmission is 83.45%, 5.71%, 6.34%, and 4.31%, respectively. Conclusion In this model, the contribution of socioeconomic factors is substantive but lags significantly behind patient/temporal factors. With ever increasing availability of data, identification of contributors to patient outcomes within the overall health care macroenvironment will allow prioritization of interventions.
Total Cost of Ownership Analysis of the Impact of Vehicle Usage on the Economic Viability of Electric Vehicles in India

The road transport sector in India is on the cusp of a transition to battery electric vehicles (BEVs) from internal combustion engines (ICEs). Government of India (GoI) has announced several policy...
Innocent X Pamphilj's Architectural Network in Rome

This study employs network analysis and microhistory to challenge the standard narrative about architecture and patronage in Baroque Rome, that of celebrity patron-artist relationships. It investigates the artists and artisans below this elite team and the plurality of relationships that developed among them. The subject is Innocent X Pamphilj's monumental works of art and architecture, at the Vatican, Piazza Navona, Campidoglio, Lateran, and Janiculum Hill, commissioned for the 1650 Holy Year. It argues that competent artisans and their relationships influenced the operation of building sites and presents Innocent X as the patron of an industrious architectural enterprise.