cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural Health Monitoring of a Metallic Sandwich Panel by the Method of Virtual Forces

A structural health monitoring system for assessing thermal damage in a metallic sandwich panel was developed in this article. The method of virtual forces was utilized to detect, locate, and quantify damage. The method assumes that a damaged structural response is a summation of the undamaged response and the response from an effective forcing function, which represents the effects of the material damage. The effective forcing function, or virtual force, is an estimate of the forces that the damage mechanism exerts on the undamaged structure. Virtual forces were shown to detect changes in the mass, stiffness, and damping matrices in a lumped parameter dynamic model. A finite element model of a mechanically attached sandwich metallic panel was used to detect a stiffness loss at different locations between two sensor locations. These results were then compared with experimental results involving thermal debond between the face sheet and core of an Al—Al honeycomb panel. Virtual forces indicated there was d...
Cingulate gyrus neuroanatomy in schizophrenia subjects and their non-psychotic siblings.

Background and methods: In vivo neuroimaging studies have provided evidence of decreases in the gray matter volume of the cingulate gyrus in subjects with schizophrenia ascompared to healthy controls. Toinvestigate whether these changes mightbe related toheritableinfluences,weusedhigh-resolutionmagneticresonanceimagingandlabeledcorticalmantledistancemappingtomeasure graymattervolume,aswellasthicknessandtheareaofthegray/whiteinterface,intheanteriorandposteriorsegmentsofthecingulate gyrus in 28 subjects with schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings, and in 38 healthy control subjects and their siblings. Results: There was a significant effect of group status on posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) gray matter volume (p=0.02). Subjects with schizophreniaandtheirnon-psychoticsiblingsshowedsimilarreductionsofgraymattervolume(~10%)inthePCCcomparedtohealthy control subjects and their siblings. In turn, trend level effects of group status were found for thickness (p=0.08) and surface area (p=0.11)ofthePCC.Inthecombinedgroupofschizophreniasubjectsandtheirsiblings,adirectcorrelationwasobservedbetweenPCC gray matter volume and negative symptoms. However, the reduction in PCC gray matter volume in schizophrenia subjects and their siblings was proportionate to an overall reduction in whole cerebral volume, i.e., the effect of group on the volume of the PCC became non-significantwhencerebralvolumewasincludedasacovariate(p=0.4).Therewasnosignificanteffectofgrouponanteriorcingulate cortex volume, thickness, or area. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that decreases in the gray matter volume of the PCC occur in schizophrenia subjects and their siblings. The presence of suchdecreases in the non-psychoticsiblings ofschizophrenia subjects suggests that heritable factors maybe involved in the development of cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Qualitative behavior and computation of multiple solutions of singular nonlinear boundary value problems

We consider nonlinear boundary value problems with multiple so- lutions. A method is proposed for the computation of such solutions which depends crucially on known a priori qualitative information about the behav- ior of the solutions. The method is a two-stage method where the second stage is a shooting method and initial values of the shooting parameters are found in a first stage which approximates the boundary value problem with a discrete approximation. Both nonsingular and singular problems are considered.
Identification and Evaluation of a System Condition which can Affect the Performance of Air-Magnetic Circuit Breakers

A circuit condition has been identified that can cause interruption difficulties for 15 kV air-magnetic circuit breakers. The interaction between the system and the circuit breaker has been studied by field and laboratory tests. A solution to the problem, which assures reliable performance of the equipment, has been developed and extensively tested.
Shear strength of the Great Pacific Fracture Zones

Shipboard bathymetry and gravity data from 30 crossings of 6 great Pacific fracture zones (FZs), the Mendocino, Murray, Molokai, Clarion, Clipperton, and Udintsev, are compared with the predictions of a model in which FZs are locked beyond the ridge-transform intersection, such that no vertical motion occurs on the fault in response to differential thermal subsidence. At least some sections of all of these FZs, except the Molokai, are consistent with this model and sustain shear stresses as high as 20 MPa. However, none of the FZs is locked along its entire length, as inferred from observed shear stresses dropping below 75% of the value necessary to maintain a locked fault. There is some suggestion that the unlocking may be related to excess volcanism.
Internationalizing National Politics: Lessons for International Organizations

Much recent scholarship has critiqued the "undemocratic" nature of international organizations (IOs). Legitimate political authority, it is argued, requires a popular mandate. IOs, which exercise increasingly broad powers over a diverse set of policy objectives, derive their authority instead from the consent of their member states. Democratic theory would view this authority as suspect for multiple reasons: individuals have no role in granting consent; more powerful states have privileged positions within IOs (such as veto power on the UN Security Council), thus further diminishing the role of individuals in less powerful states; and consent is usually given in treaties, which are quite difficult to renounce via the normal mechanisms of democratic politics. Building on these critiques, some scholars have issued proposals to "democratize" IOs, either by allowing popular access to existing organizations or by creating new organizations, such as a "Peoples' Assembly," dedicated specifically to injecting popular views into international discourse. This article asks whether the international community's prior experience with democracy promotion holds any lessons for these proposals. A wide range of norms and institutions now promotes democratic reforms within states. And democratic states are increasingly privileged in their international relations. This article argues that while this state-level experience introduced democratic principles into international law, and was therefore an essential foundation for the current debate over IOs, it nonetheless bodes ill for the IO claims. First, national democracy promotion has been directed overwhelmingly toward developing countries of the global south. Efforts to democratize IOs, however, will encounter organizations dominated by powerful developed states. Second, the normative commitment to democracy that underlies most of the efforts at state-level reform is simply not present for international organizations. This normative gap undoubtedly reflects a lack of political theory arguments explaining why popular input into IOs is necessary to their legitimacy. Finally, the nature of the "community" to be democratized is much less clear than in the case of national politics. The constituent public of a state government is its citizens, and democratic theory provides principles of legitimacy, now arguably embedded in international law, that link policy-making to popular consent. The constituent public of an international organization, on the other hand, is its member states. The law of international institutions, both generally and the specific constitutional law of each individual organization, provides a series of mechanisms by which member states may hold the organization accountable. To argue that international organizations ought to be "accountable," therefore, begs the question, "accountable to whom?"
Atomistic Simulation of Pore Formation in Lipid Bilayers in the Presence of Dimethylsulfoxide: Further Evidence for Entropic Driven Pore Formation

In a recent study, Moldovan et al [1] have demonstrated that in the presence of 11.3 mol% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) a pore can nucleate and grow spontaneously in a lipid bilayer even in the absence of an externally applied stresses or electric field. The authors rationalized the spontaneous pore nucleation, in the absence of any external driving force, by considering the combined effect of the entropy of pore shape fluctuation and the significant decrease of the bilayer line tension in the presence of DMSO. Building on the classical nucleation theory developed three decades ago by Lister [2] the authors propose a new formulation for the bilayer free energy that incorporates the pore shape configurational entropy. According to this study, in the presence of DMSO, the pore nucleates spontaneously and grows provided the bilayer line tension decreases below a threshold value, λ. In this study we report our recent simulation results on the effect of DMSO concentration on both bilayer line tension and bilayer structural stability with respect to pore nucleation. The lipid bilayer systems investigated in this study by molecular dynamics (MD) consists of 96 molecules (48 in each leaflet) of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) immersed in DMSO-water solutions at various concentrations. In all MD simulations reported the bilayer systems were followed over 100 ns. Our simulations results indicate the existence of a critical DMSO concentration below which there are no pores nucleated in the lipid bilayers. Our findings corroborate and complement the entropy-based pore nucleation model proposed earlier by Moldovan et al. [1].© 2008 ASME
Tumor characterization and treatment monitoring of postsurgical human breast specimens using harmonic motion imaging (HMI)

High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is a noninvasive technique used in the treatment of early-stage breast cancer and benign tumors. To facilitate its translation to the clinic, there is a need for a simple, cost-effective device that can reliably monitor HIFU treatment. We have developed harmonic motion imaging (HMI), which can be used seamlessly in conjunction with HIFU for tumor ablation monitoring, namely harmonic motion imaging for focused ultrasound (HMIFU). The overall objective of this study was to develop an all ultrasound-based system for real-time imaging and ablation monitoring in the human breast in vivo. HMI was performed in 36 specimens (19 normal, 15 invasive ductal carcinomas, and 2 fibroadenomas) immediately after surgical removal. The specimens were securely embedded in a tissue-mimicking agar gel matrix and submerged in degassed phosphate-buffered saline to mimic in vivo environment. The HMI setup consisted of a HIFU transducer confocally aligned with an imaging transducer to induce an oscillatory radiation force and estimate the resulting displacement. 3D HMI displacement maps were reconstructed to represent the relative tissue stiffness in 3D. The average peak-to-peak displacement was found to be significantly different (p = 0.003) between normal breast tissue and invasive ductal carcinoma. There were also significant differences before and after HMIFU ablation in both the normal (53.84 % decrease) and invasive ductal carcinoma (44.69 % decrease) specimens. HMI can be used to map and differentiate relative stiffness in postsurgical normal and pathological breast tissues. HMIFU can also successfully monitor thermal ablations in normal and pathological human breast specimens. This HMI technique may lead to a new clinical tool for breast tumor imaging and HIFU treatment monitoring.
Occupational Hazards in Workplaces of Thermal Power Plant in Gansu Province

[Objective]To understand the occupational hazards in workplace of thermal power plant in Gansu Province.[Methods]The generated various types of occupational hazards in production process were tested.[Results]①The pass rate of respirable dust in thermal power plants was 505% in average;②the average pass rate of chemical hazards of CO,NOx,SO2,NH,NaOH concentrations was 100%,that of concentration of hydrochloric acid and hydrazine was 100% and 231% respectively;the average pass rate of physical hazards was 331%,that of heat hazard was 86%;the average pass rate of intensity of electrical field was 100%.[Conclusion]The main occupational hazards are dust and noise in thermal power plants of this province.
Mechanism of Worsening Low Efficiency of Enterprise X According to the Emotion Theories

Economist Harvey Leibenstein put forward" the X-efficiency theory",which was regarded as a great economic discovery in the 20th century.The low efficiency problem of X is listed as one of the ten greatest managemente problems that are hard to crack nowadays in the world,and the loss is huge.so,to continue to research and perfect this theory is not only of theovetical importance,but also of vealistic one.
Study on Distribution of Remaining Oil in BQ10 Fault Block of Gucheng Heavy Oilfield by Using Reservoir Numerical Simulation Technology

The prediction of remaining oil distribution is the important research at the mid-late stage of steam stimulation in extra-super heavy oilfield.Based on the reservoir geological modeling and numerical simulation,according to the reservoir characteristics of Gucheng heavy oilfield,fine 3D geological modeling and reservoir numerical simulation model are established.The history matching for geologic reserves,cumulative liquid,cumulative oil yield,cumulative steam injection and single well production is carried out.The criterion of classification evaluation for remaining oil enrichment area is built up using four indexes of residual reserves abundance,effective sand thickness,permeability and sedimentary microfacies.The distribution of remaining oil is analyzed for H3Ⅳ9 layer in BQ10 block.It can provide a sufficient basis for the following adjustment and further potential exploitation.
Surveillance of 10 Kinds of Metal in the Air of Workshops in Taizhou Enterprises

[Objective]To understand the current status of metal contamination in the air of workshops in Taizhou city.[Methods] Analysis was made on the result of metal surveillance during 2004—2007.[Results] The highest concentration of dust lead was 6.55 mg/m 3,which was 131times of that of the national standard,the exceeding rate was 53.2%;the exceeding rate of lead smoke,manganese and other metals were 44.8%,7.4% and 0 respectively.[Conclusion] Occupational lead poisoning is possibly to take place in the Taizhou enterprises,especially in the cell-producing industry.
Lymphocyte antibody interaction in cytotoxicity against human transitional cell carcinoma.

AbstractThe interaction of antibodies and lymphocytes in their immune reaction against human transitional cell carcinomas was studied using the in vitro microcytotoxicity assay. A non-complement dependent, IgG antibody was detected in the serum of occasional transitional cell carcinoma patients, which induced cytotoxicity against transitional cell carcinoma target cells by lymphocytes from donors with and without transitional cell carcinoma. The observation that lymphocytes from transitional cell carcinoma donors were more sensitive to activation by this anti-transitional cell carcinoma, lymphocyte dependent antibody is compatible with the hypothesis that the surface of lymphocytes from some transitional cell carcinoma donors is coated in vivo with an anti-transitional cell carcinoma lymphocyte dependent antibody and that this antibody may be a significant factor in immunity to transitional cell carcinomas of the urinary tract.
EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION OF CHRONIC COMPLETE HEART BLOCK.

SUMMARY A method is described for induction of permanent complete heart block in the dog by incising the bundle of His while the subject is anesthetized and in a state of temporary circulatory arrest. Of 10 dogs used, complete heart block was obtained in 8 (a second incision was required in 3 of these). Two animals died of ventricular fibrillation during incision and cautery of the bundle of His, representing the 2 animals in which complete heart block was not induced. Death of 1 animal occurred on the fifth postoperative day. The remaining 7 dogs have continued to exhibit electrocardiographically substantiated complete heart block for periods varying from 5 to 19 months.
Bronchoplastic procedures in the treatment of carcinoid tumors of the tracheobronchial tree.

Sixteen patients, aged 10 to 70 years, had carcinoid tumors of the lower respiratory tract treated by various resective tracheobronchoplastic procedures. These represent 8.8 percent of 181 patients with carcinoid lesions treated during a recent 20 year period. All 16 patients had respiratory symptoms, and one patient also had the carcinoid syndrome. Roentgenographic changes ranged from a mass or atelectasis (or both) through unilateral lung hyperinflation to clear lungs with subtle filling defects in major airways. All tumors were visualized endoscopically, and 13 patients had biopsies. Histopathologically, all tumors were "typical" carcinoids . Before operation, the patients had minimal or no respiratory insufficiency, although flow-volume and ventilation-perfusion abnormalities were noted when major airways were affected. Surgical management at thoracotomy was as follows: (1) simple wedge tracheobronchotomy without lung resection (five patients); (2) bronchial sleeve resection without lung resection (three patients); and (3) bronchial sleeve with upper lobe resection (eight patients). These 16 operations were performed with eight technical anatomic variations. No early or late deaths occurred. One patient had early transient atelectasis, and three patients required late endoscopic removal of suture granulation tissue. All patients were alive without recurrence of tumor or carcinoid syndrome or other respiratory complications 6 months to 19 years postoperatively. Pulmonary resection should be avoided unless there is histologic evidence of tumor extension into lung parenchyma or irreversible pulmonary suppuration distal to the obstructive tumor.
Genital tract examinations and zona-free hamster egg penetration tests from men exposed in utero to diethylstilbestrol*

Because most men with prenatal exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) are still young and have not attempted to father children, its reproductive effects are uncertain. In a previous pilot study, we had noted an association between in utero DES exposure and reduced penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by sperm. To test these findings in a controlled manner, we performed physical examinations on 51 men with in utero DES exposure and 29 nonexposed men and evaluated the penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by their sperm. Epididymal cysts or abnormalities of the prostate, testicle, or penile meatus were present in 37% of men with in utero DES exposure, versus 4% of nonexposed men ( P P >0.57). The genital abnormalities related to DES exposure were not related to reduced egg penetration. We conclude that in utero exposure to DES is not related to a significant change in the penetration of zona-free hamster eggs by sperm.
Cognitive mobile security: invited conference keynote

Mobile devices carry a number of vulnerabilities that, when exploited, can result in proprietary-data leakage, data alteration, fraudulent transactions and, in extreme cases, physical damage to the user and surroundings. Such attacks can be instigated by both outsiders and insiders, and can leverage vulnerabilities embedded in the hardware and software components of the device, as well as risky behavioral actions undertaken by the legitimate user of the device. Existing mobile security management solutions offer a wide range of configuration, tracking, and management features via device and container management, policy-based configuration, single sign-on, application whitelisting and/or blacklisting, as well as reputation and anti-malware services. A primary feature that none of the existing solutions has is \emph{context-aware anomaly detection}. We propose a novel cognitive solution for mobile security based on context awareness. Our solution focuses on mobile management tools that understand long-term context-aware behavior anomalies on multiple devices.
Determination of the Effectiveness of Contact Farmers in Disseminating Technologies in Abia State

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of contact farmers i disseminating technologies to non -contact farmers in Umuahia Agricultural zone of Abia Slate. Information was obtained from 46 contact farmers and 82 non -contact farmers who were randomly selected. The results show that the 10 selected technologies are incidentally disseminated primarily to friends, relations and members of the age grade of the contact farmers who live between 1 - 3 kilometres from the contact farmers. Less than 30% of the non -contact farmers adopted all the technologies in varying degrees. The study shows that the most pressing problems facing contact farmers are none availability/late supply of technological inputs, lack of mobility and none availability /irregular and insufficient grants from government. The study concludes that considerable success has not been made by contact farmers. This paper recommends strategies for improving the duties of contact farmers as well as increasing non -contact farmers' exposure to technological innovations.
Electrically tunable and switchable film bulk acoustic resonator

The paper describes an electrically tunable and switchable film bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) that is formed by integrating an FBAR with an electrostatic MEMS actuator. Around /spl sim/0.8% tuning of the series resonant frequency (/spl Delta/f/spl cong/18 MHz) at 2.3 GHz is experimentally obtained with an electrostatic actuation voltage varying between 12.2 and 27.5 V. Also, a switchable resonator with Q (quality) factor of greater than 100 at 2.2 and 4.0 GHz is experimentally demonstrated in a compact device area.
Identifying Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration in Instructional Technology

Interdisciplinarity is defined as communication and collaboration across academic disciplines. The instructional technology (IT) field has claimed to have an interdisciplinary nature influenced by neighboring fields such as psychology, communication, and management. However, it has been difficult to find outstanding evidence of the field’s interdisciplinary research efforts, except with psychology. IT and neighboring fields including human performance technology, instructional design, learning sciences, human resource development, and human resource management share common goals of learning and performance in diverse contexts. These fields are converging in terms of underscoring the importance of people in improving organizational performance through learning, development, and innovations. In this context, the purpose of this study was to identify interdisciplinary research collaboration efforts in the field through a review of literature on the topic. Based on the review of the literature, I provided implications for research and practice.
Teaching Caregivers to Administer Eye Drops, Transdermal Patches, and Suppositories

: This article is the third in a series, Supporting Family Caregivers: No Longer Home Alone, published in collaboration with the AARP Public Policy Institute. Results of focus groups conducted as part of the AARP Public Policy Institute's No Longer Home Alone video project supported evidence that family caregivers aren't being given the information they need to manage the complex care regimens of their family members. This series of articles and accompanying videos aims to help nurses provide caregivers with the tools they need to manage their family member's medications. Each article explains the principles nurses should consider and reinforce with caregivers and is accompanied by a video for the caregiver to watch. The third video can be accessed at http://links.lww.com/AJN/A76.
The use of comforting touch and massage to reduce stress for preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit

Abstract Preterm infants receive little comforting touch in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Most of the touch they receive is associated with medical or nursing procedures. This report reviews research related to the use of comforting touch and massage as an intervention to reduce stress in preterm infants in the NICU. Findings from these studies suggest that gentle touch may be soothing for infants who are physiologically fragile and may result in decreased motor activity and behavioral distress. Stroking and massage interventions may have benefits for infants who are physiologically stable. Caregivers can be advised to provide gentle touch when infants are physiologically fragile, and progress to gentle stroking and massage as the infants mature. The research findings to date suggest that when infants are physiologically fragile they may respond best to still, gentle touch. As they mature and become more stable, caregivers can begin to provide gentle stroking and massage, observing the infants' responses and modifying their tactile stimulation accordingly. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
A front-end integrated circuit for a 2D capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) array for a noninvasive neural interface to the retina

A recent study showed that focused ultrasound can noninvasively create neural response in the retina in a similar way to light stimulus. To implement such functionality, we developed an algorithm for a 2D transducer array to project an image to the retina as an ultrasound field pattern (USFP) in a previous study. In this work, we report a front-end integrated circuit (IC) for a 2D CMUT array that realizes a USFP with quantized phases and amplitudes. In addition, we evaluated the projected image quality with Field II simulations considering non-linearity in phases extracted from a fabricated prototype chip.
Identification of Aging-Associated Food Quality Changes in Citrus Products Using Untargeted Chemical Profiling

Chemometric techniques have seen wide application in biological and medical sciences, but they are still developing in the food sciences. This study illustrated the use of untargeted LC/MS chemometric methods to identify features (retention time_m/z) associated with food quality changes as products age (freshness). Extracts of three citrus fruit varietals aged over four time points that corresponded to noted changes in sensory attributes were chemically profiled and modeled by two discriminatory multivariate statistical techniques, projection partial least-squares discrimant analysis (PLS-DA) and machine learning random forest (RF). Age-associated compounds across the citrus platform were identified. Varietal was treated as a nuisance variable to emphasize aging chemistry, and further variable selection using age-related piecewise model generation and meta filtering to emphasize features associated with general aging chemistry common to all the citrus extracts. The identified features were further replica...
Learning and Embodied Cognition: A Review and Proposal:

The objective of this review is to investigate research in instructional methods and embodied cognition in order to suggest the idea that a professor’s movement provides information by increasing l...
Pre‐dispersal seed predation and pollen limitation constrain population growth across the geographic distribution of Astragalus utahensis

A central focus of ecology is to understand the conditions under which biotic interactions affect species’ abundance and distribution. Classic and recent studies have shown that biotic interactions can strongly impact local or regional patterns of species abundance, but two fundamental questions remain largely unaddressed for non-competitive biotic interactions. First, do the effects of these interactions on population performance change predictably with environmental context? Second, to what extent do population-scale effects contribute to limiting species’ geographic distributions? To address these questions, we experimentally assessed the extent to which pollen limitation and insect seed predators affected the fecundity and projected population growth rate (λ) of the native forb Astragalus utahensis. We studied populations at the centre and northern edge of the latitudinal range of A. utahensis that occur across a gradient in abiotic harshness characterized primarily by declining mean annual precipitation. Supplementing pollen and suppressing pre-dispersal seed predators increased seed production similarly within A. utahensis populations at the centre and northern edge of the range. Integral projection population models revealed that relaxing these checks on seed production tended to increase λ in most populations, regardless of their location within the range. Synthesis. Our results suggest that pollen limitation and insect herbivores limit population growth in A. utahensis similarly across the centre-to-north portion of its latitudinal distribution. However, because A. utahensis population growth barely reaches the level of replacement at the northern range edge, the reduction in λ resulting from these interactions may contribute to limiting expansion at the northern edge of A. utahensis’ latitudinal range.
Enantioselective Synthesis of Pyrroloindolines via Noncovalent Stabilization of Indole Radical Cations and Applications to the Synthesis of Alkaloid Natural Products

While interest in the synthetic chemistry of radical cations continues to grow, controlling enantioselectivity in the reactions of these intermediates remains a challenge. Based on recent insights into the oxidation of tryptophan in enzymatic systems, we report a photocatalytic method for the generation of indole radical cations as hydrogen-bonded adducts with chiral phosphate anions. These noncovalent open-shell complexes can be intercepted by the stable nitroxyl radical TEMPO· to form alkoxyamine-substituted pyrroloindolines with high levels of enantioselectivity. Further elaboration of these optically enriched adducts can be achieved via a catalytic single-electron oxidation/mesolytic cleavage sequence to furnish transient carbocation intermediates that may be intercepted by a wide range of nucleophiles. Taken together, this two-step sequence provides a simple catalytic method to access a wide range of substituted pyrroloindolines in enantioenriched form via a standard experimental protocol from a comm...
The Goldilocks of Number Systems

The Hindu-Arabic number system is one of the greatest mathematical inventions. This positional number system allows us to write any number, no matter how small or large, using 10 digits (0 through ...
Implementation of a flexible, open-source platform for ion mobility spectrometry

Abstract When operated as a stand-alone device, an ion mobility spectrometer (IMS) routinely offers low limits of detection (pptv-range) for gas-phase analytes even for measurement times less than a second. Mass analyzers further enhance the analytical power of IMS separations, however, high performance drift-cell IMS instruments are often highly customized, relatively large, and require extensive expertise to operate. In this work we present an optimized, low cost IMS system that leverages an easy-to-assemble ion gating structure that enables IMS spectra with resolving powers exceeding 90 for a drift cell only 10 cm in length. The IMS presented in this work consists of stacked rings divided by spacers all fabricated from printed circuit boards (PCB). The rings are connected via a slotted PCB-board containing a surface mounted voltage divider that connects directly to the ring electrodes allowing a fast and easy assembly. This highly modular design enables e.g. the realization of variable drift tube lengths or single and dual gate setups. Instead of the commonly used Bradbury Nielsen gates, the IMS is equipped with a 3-grid ion gate allowing the generation of short (
Are Mammographically Occult Additional Tumors Identified More Than 2 Cm Away From the Primary Breast Cancer on MRI Clinically Significant

Rationale and Objectives To evaluate the clinical significance of mammographically occult additional tumors identified more than 2cm away from the primary breast cancer on preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods An Institutional Review Board approved review of consecutive preoperative breast MRIs performed from 1/1/08 to 12/31/14, yielded 667 patients with breast cancer. These patients underwent further assessment to identify biopsy proven mammographically occult breast tumors located more than 2cm away from the edge of the primary tumor. Additional MRI characteristics of the primary and secondary tumors and pathology were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS (v. 24). Results Of 667 patients with breast cancer, 129 patients had 150 additional ipsilateral mammographically occult tumors that were more than 2cm away from the edge of the primary tumor. One hundred twelve of 129 (86.8%) patients had one additional tumor and 17/129 (13.2%) had two or more additional tumors. In 71/129 (55.0%), additional tumors were located in a different quadrant and in 58/129 (45.0%) additional tumors were in the same quadrant but ≥2cm away. Overall, primary tumor size was significantly larger (mean 1.87± 1.25 cm) than the additional tumors (mean 0.79 ± 0.61cm, p Conclusion Mammographically occult additional tumors identified more than 2cm away from the primary breast tumor on MRI are unlikely to be surgically treated if undiagnosed and may be clinically significant.
13C NMR Studies of the Interaction of Hb and Carbonic Anhydrase with 13CO2

This report deals with the prospects for 13C NMR in defining the interactions of CO2 and its hydrated derivatives with small molecules and various proteins. The importance of bicarbonate ion as a buffer component is well recognized. The insolubility of many bicarbonate and carbonate salts is a central fact around which most people interested in metal-protein interactions try to work. The most common strategy is to remove or at least to avoid adding bicarbonate while setting up a metal-peptide or metal-protein study. The availability of 13C-enriched CO2 and bicarbonate and of NMR spectrometers capable of studying the 13C signals makes it convenient to reexamine the roles of these important interacting species in certain metal-protein systems of unquestionable importance.
French developments and their influence up to the catastrophe of 1850

In order to place Dufour’s contribution in perspective, we must briefly examine the history of further developments in France, the leading country in this field. No complete list of the wire cable bridges built at this period in France has yet been compiled. Amouroux and Lemoine presume 500 bridges to have been built and they catalogue about 150 of them.1 Ostenfeld guesses at about 3002, 86 of which were built by the Seguins. But all sources indicate clearly that the number of wire cable bridges built in France was substantially larger than that built in Britain or in any other country.
Undoing “Banking” Education: Using Google Drawings to Strengthen Engagement

On Oct. 11, 2016, Linda1 and I came to class as usual, except I was dressed in a plain black suit, ready for our presentation. We took a few moments organizing things, and while I was turned away f...
Planning Interventions to Treat Brachial Plexopathies

This article reviews the electrodiagnosis of brachial plexus injury, factors that predict outcome, the utility electrodiagnostic evaluation of potential nerve donors, and commonly used surgical interventions. Electrodiagnostic evaluation begins with a detailed understanding of brachial plexus anatomy and uses a complement of motor and sensory nerve conduction studies and needle electromyography to determine the location of injury and predict severity. Several factors are used to predict prognosis. In injuries with poor prognosis, surgical intervention is indicated. Nerve transfers are increasingly employed to improve functional outcomes. Electrodiagnosis is key to evaluating the viability of potential nerve donors.
Bulky Calixarene Ligands Stabilize Supported Iridium Pair-Site Catalysts

Although essentially molecular noble metal species provide active sites and highly tunable platforms for the design of supported catalysts, the susceptibility of the metals to reduction and aggregation and the consequent loss of catalytic activity and selectivity limit opportunities for their application. Here, we demonstrate a new construct to stabilize supported molecular noble-metal catalysts, taking advantage of sterically bulky ligands on the metal that serve as surrogate supports and isolate the active sites under conditions involving steady-state catalytic turnover in a reducing environment. The result is demonstrated with an iridium pair-site catalyst incorporating P-bridging calix[4]arene ligands dispersed on siliceous supports, chosen as prototypes because they offer weakly interacting surfaces on which metal aggregation is prone to occur. This catalyst was used for the hydrogenation of ethylene in a flow reactor. Atomic-resolution imaging of the Ir centers and spectra of the catalyst before and...
The telestroke and thrombolysis therapy in diabetic stroke patients

Several controversial findings have been reported on treatment outcomes for diabetic stroke patients that received thrombolysis therapy in the hospital. We determined whether the association between telestroke technology, thrombolysis therapy and clinical risk factors in diabetic acute ischemic stroke may result in the inclusion or exclusion or more diabetic ischemic stroke patients for thrombolysis therapy. Retrospective data that comprises of a total of 3202 acute ischemic stroke patients from a regional stroke registry that contained telestroke and non telestroke patients with a primary diagnosis of acute ischemic stroke of which 312 were identified as diabetic stroke patients were used in this study. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the associated pre-clinical risk factors, and demographics associated with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) therapy in a subset of diabetic acute ischemic stroke patients in the telestroke and non-telestroke settings. In the telestroke, only higher International Normalized Ratio (INR) [odds ratio, OR = 0.063 (0.003–1.347, 95% confidence interval (CI)] was associated with exclusion from thrombolysis. Direct admission [OR, 3.141 (1–9.867), 95% CI] and telestroke [OR, 4.87 (1.834–12.928), 95% CI] were independent predictors in the inclusion for thrombolysis therapy. In the non telestroke, older age (> 80 years) [(OR), 0.955 (0.922–0.989), 95% CI], higher blood glucose level [OR, 0.994 (0.99–0.999); 95% CI], higher INR [OR, 0.113 (0.014–0.944); 95% CI], and renal insufficiency [OR, 0.163 (0.033–0.791); 95% CI] were associated with exclusion while higher NIH stroke scale [OR, 1.068 (1.009–1.13); 95% CI] was associated with inclusion for thrombolysis in the non telestroke. The non-telestroke setting admitted more diabetic stroke patients to the hospital, but more were excluded from thrombolysis therapy when compared with the telestroke setting. Measures to improve clinical risk factors that excluded more diabetic ischemic stroke patients in the non telestroke will improve the use of thrombolysis in the treatment of diabetic acute ischemic stroke patients.
Natural variations in estuarine fish, fish odor, and zooplankton photobehavior

Fish odor induces predator avoidance behaviors in zooplankton, like vertical migration, by making zooplankton more responsive to light. Odor cues that alter behavior in marine crustacean zooplankton in the laboratory include sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) derived from fish body mucus. Few studies quantify these cues in estuarine/marine environments or assess whether laboratory studies reflect natural scenarios. We collected fish and water samples weekly in Broadkill River, Delaware, USA. We used field-collected water in colorimetric assays to determine the concentration of sGAG-equivalent molecules and in behavioral assays with a zooplankton model, brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) nauplii, which only descend in response to downwelling light after fish odor exposure. Fish quantity was positively related to sGAG-equivalents and zooplankton photosensitivity, indicated by descent responses at lower light levels and across a broad intensity range. Our results support that fish odor concentrations used in previous laboratory assays are consistent with levels found in an estuary.
Farm Parcel Delineation Using Spatio-temporal Convolutional Networks

Farm parcel delineation (delineation of boundaries of farmland parcels/segmentation of farmland areas) provides cadastral data that is important in developing and managing climate change policies. Specifically, farm parcel delineation informs applications in downstream governmental policies of land allocation, irrigation, fertilization, green-house gases (GHG's), etc. This data can also be useful for the agricultural insurance sector for assessing compensations following damages associated with extreme weather events - a growing trend related to climate change [4]. Using satellite imaging can be a scalable and cost-effective manner to perform the task of farm parcel delineation to collect this valuable data. In this paper, we break down this task using satellite imaging into two approaches: 1) Segmentation of parcel boundaries, and 2) Segmentation of parcel areas. We implemented variations of U-Nets, one of which takes into account temporal information, which achieved the best results on our dataset on farm parcels in France in 2017.
Achieving Girls’ Dreams to Become Leaders: A Case Study of ‘Girls Take Over’ Program in Indonesia

This paper emphasizes the importance of affirmative action to encourage women leadership, which is important to start from early age. Until now, women still face challenges in taking leadership position even to make decisions for themselves. From the age of children, the space for women has been limited due to patriarchal system which discriminates against women in almost every aspect of life including social, culture, politics, education and so on. This paper will specifically examines an example of affirmative action, namely Girls Take Over campaign, that aims to encourage girls’ leadership in Indonesia. The study analyses how GTO campaign in 2019 can increase girls’ leadership and agency among girls participants and how this campaign can also increase public support to empower girls. The analysis is based on secondary data from activity reports and empirical data from interviews with GTO 2019 participants including the girls and the leaders whose positions are taken over. The analysis is based on power relations theory, leadership theory, participation and safe space. The results of the analysis indicate that a GTO can increase the girls’ agency and power to fight for gender equality. They feel empowered, capable to lead and and safe to make decision. In addition, the campaign helps open the perspective of the leaders and their support to girls’ to speak up, lead and decide. This campaign shape opinion that safe space is important for girls to advance their leadership. It also forces the environment to accept the idea that women leadership is very important and it has to start from child-age.
Epithelioid Sarcoma of the Tongue: An Unusual Tumor Mimic for Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Introduction:Epithelioid sarcoma is a rare soft tissue malignancy that usually presents in the distal extremities along fascial planes, aponeuroses or tendon sheaths. Very rarely, it presents as a ...
Nonesterified Fatty Acids and Hospitalizations Among Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.

BACKGROUND We sought to determine associations between total serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and incident total and cause-specific hospitalizations in a community-living cohort of older adults. METHODS We included 4715 participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study who had fasting total serum NEFA measured at the 1992/1993 clinic visit and were followed for a median of 12 years. We identified all inpatient admissions requiring at least an overnight hospitalization and used primary diagnostic codes to categorize cause-specific hospitalizations. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine associations with time-to-first hospitalization and Poisson regression for the rate ratios (RRs) of hospitalizations and days hospitalized. RESULTS We identified 21 339 hospitalizations during follow-up. In fully adjusted models, higher total NEFAs were significantly associated with higher risk of incident hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR] per SD [0.2 mEq/L] = 1.07, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.10, p < .001), number of hospitalizations (RR per SD = 1.04, 95% CI = 1.01-1.07, p = .01), and total number of days hospitalized (RR per SD = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.01-1.10, p = .01). Among hospitalization subtypes, higher NEFA was associated with higher likelihood of mental, neurologic, respiratory, and musculoskeletal causes of hospitalization. Among specific causes of hospitalization, higher NEFA was associated with diabetes, pneumonia, and gastrointestinal hemorrhage. CONCLUSIONS Higher fasting total serum NEFAs are associated with a broad array of causes of hospitalization among older adults. While some of these were expected, our results illustrate a possible utility of NEFAs as biomarkers for risk of hospitalization, and total days hospitalized, in older adults. Further research is needed to determine whether interventions based on NEFAs might be feasible.
The rise of Hindu nationalism in historical perspective

The article traces the rise of Hindu nationalism and its rise to power. It identifies three major variables responsible for Hindu nationalism’s rise and success. First, British historiography that ...
The role of category- and exemplar-specific experience in ensemble processing of objects

People can relatively easily report summary properties for ensembles of objects, suggesting that this information can enrich visual experience and increase the efficiency of perceptual processing. Here, we ask whether the ability to judge diversity within object arrays improves with experience. We surmised that ensemble judgments would be more accurate for commonly experienced objects, and perhaps even more for objects of expertise like faces. We also expected improvements in ensemble processing with practice with a novel category, and perhaps even more with repeated experience with specific exemplars. We compared the effect of experience on diversity judgments for arrays of objects, with participants being tested with either a small number of repeated exemplars or with a large number of exemplars from the same object category. To explore the role of more prolonged experience, we tested participants with completely novel objects (random blobs), with objects familiar at the category level (cars), and with objects with which observers are experts at subordinate-level recognition (faces). For objects that are novel, participants showed evidence of improved ability to distribute attention. In contrast, for object categories with long-term experience, i.e., faces and cars, performance improved during the experiment but not necessarily due to improved ensemble processing. Practice with specific exemplars did not result in better diversity judgments for all object categories. Considered together, these results suggest that ensemble processing improves with experience. However, experience operates rapidly, the role of experience does not rely on exemplar-level knowledge and may not benefit from subordinate-level expertise.
Reverse Trendelenburg position modulation to induce atrial tachycardia during supraventricular tachycardia ablation.

Tachycardia induction is an essential part of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) ablation that helps to establish the accurate diagnosis, mechanism, and location of the arrhythmia. Several approaches are typically employed to induce SVT in the electrophysiology (EP) laboratory, including drug infusion (isoproterenol, caffeine, epinephrine, adenosine, etc), pacing maneuvers (multisite pacing, extrastimuli, burst pacing), and varying the degree of sedation.1,2 We describe a case of SVT that could be induced only after altering the patient’s position via reverse Trendelenburg (RT).