cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Imaging of Multiple Myeloma

Multiple myeloma is the most common bone malignancy. Imaging plays an important role in identifying the extent of the disease, disease process, guiding biopsies, and diagnosing associated spinal and intracranial complications. Multiple myeloma and related plasma cell proliferative disorders have a diverse set of clinicopathologic findings and on neuroimaging present unique and diverse findings from the disease and from complications of the disease and treatment, which are valuable for clinicians and radiologists.
Clinical implications of accessory fallopian tube ostium in endometriosis and primary infertility.

Several variations in fallopian tube anatomy may be noted during the evaluation of infertility. Some anatomical variants such as accessory tubal ostia are rare. A 31-year-old woman presented to our center with a 2-year history of primary infertility. Given her history of dysmenorrhea, a diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Laparoscopy revealed a left utero-sacral endometriosis implant, which was resected. Although the left fallopian tube was normal, the right fallopian tube was noted to have two prongs with individual ostia. Tubal cannulation confirmed two separate ostia, with chromotubation showing free flow of dye through separate fimbrial ostia of the right fallopian tube. The current case highlights that accessory tubal ostia are rare mullerian duct anomalies seen during laparoscopy and can be associated with endometriois or primary infertility.
Racism and Sexual Oppression in Anglo-America: A Genealogy

AcknowledgmentsIntroduction: Two Great Dangers 1. Racism, Race, Race War: In Search of Conceptual Clarity 2. A Genealogy of Modern Racism, Part I: The White Man Cometh 3. A Genealogy of Modern Racism, Part II: From Black Lepers to Idiot Children 4. Scientific Racism and the Threat of Sexual Predation 5. Managing Evolution: Race Betterment, Race Purification, and the American Eugenics Movement 6. Nordics Celebrate the Family 7. (Counter) Remembering Racism: An Insurrection of Subjugated KnowledgesNotes Works Cited Index
Keep Your Friends Close: Cell–Cell Contact and Skeletal Myogenesis

Development of skeletal muscle is a multistage process that includes lineage commitment of multipotent progenitor cells, differentiation and fusion of myoblasts into multinucleated myofibers, and maturation of myofibers into distinct types. Lineage-specific transcriptional regulation lies at the core of this process, but myogenesis is also regulated by extracellular cues. Some of these cues are initiated by direct cell-cell contact between muscle precursor cells themselves or between muscle precursors and cells of other lineages. Examples of the latter include interaction of migrating neural crest cells with multipotent muscle progenitor cells, muscle interstitial cells with myoblasts, and neurons with myofibers. Among the signaling factors involved are Notch ligands and receptors, cadherins, Ig superfamily members, and Ephrins and Eph receptors. In this article we describe recent progress in this area and highlight open questions raised by the findings.
Effects of feeding monensin to bred heifers fed in a drylot on nutrient and energy balance.

The objective of this study was to determine if feeding monensin would improve diet digestion, energy and nitrogen balance in bred heifers receiving a limit-fed corn stalk-based diet. Sixteen pregnant Meat Animal Research Center (MARC) III composite heifers were used in a 161-d completely randomized design. Heifers were randomly assigned to one of two treatments, no monensin (CON) or 150 mg/d monensin (MON), with eight heifers in each treatment group. Heifers were limit-fed a corn stalk-based diet at 100% of MEm requirements. Effects of monensin on energy and nitrogen balance were determined via total fecal and urine collections and open-circuit respiration calorimetry. Total fecal and urine collection occurred on d 14, 42, and 161 of monensin feeding, and calorimetry measurements were made on d 0, 3, 14, 28, 42, and 161 of monensin feeding. DMI was not different (P = 0.94) for CON and MON heifers and, by design, increased (P 0.58) with monensin inclusion. DM, OM, NDF, and ADF digestion did not differ (P > 0.52) between treatments. Fecal, methane, urinary, and heat energy losses were not different (P > 0.16) for MON and CON heifers. Methane production was not different between treatments when expressed as daily liters of methane (P = 0.40); however, MON heifers produced 7% less (P = 0.03) methane per day than CON heifers when expressed as liters of methane produced on a metabolic body weight (MBW) basis. Furthermore, monensin had no effect (P = 0.36) on overall retained energy (RE). Nitrogen intake and excretion was not different (P > 0.13) between treatment groups. Results of this experiment indicate that adding monensin to limit-fed, corn stalk-based diets may not have a large effect on the energy and nitrogen balance of confined heifers.
Subjectivity Predicts Adjective Ordering Preferences

From English to Hungarian to Mokilese, speakers exhibit strong ordering preferences in multi-adjective strings: “the big blue box” sounds far more natural than “the blue big box.” We show that an adjective’s distance from the modified noun is predicted not by a rigid syntax, but by the adjective’s meaning: less subjective adjectives occur closer to the nouns they modify. This finding provides an example of a broad linguistic universal—adjective ordering preferences—emerging from general properties of cognition.
Atypical Melanocytic Proliferations: A Review of the Literature.

Background Ambiguous histopathologic diagnoses represent a challenge for clinicians because of a lack of definitive diagnosis and related uncertainty about management. Objective To review the literature on atypical melanocytic proliferations and detail synonymous terms, epidemiology, diagnostic work-up, histopathology, treatment, and prognosis. Methods Databases from PubMed and Web of Science were searched for articles related to atypical melanocytic proliferations. Results Intraepidermal melanocytic proliferations with features worrisome for possible melanoma in situ (MIS) are generally excised as for MIS. Reported rates of upstaging of such cases to invasive melanoma on review of the excision are very low. Because invasion, lymph node spread, and metastasis can occur in atypical melanocytic lesions with a thick intradermal component, these are often treated as for malignant melanoma. Conclusion Because the diagnosis dictates treatment, it is incumbent to establish a diagnosis as definitive as possible, obtaining second or third opinions and using ancillary studies when appropriate. When the diagnosis remains uncertain, it is difficult to provide guidelines for treatment. Clinical care decisions for patients with an uncertain diagnosis are best done on a case-by-case basis weighing probabilities of adverse outcomes against potential benefits and risks from various treatment options.
Projectile Motion Hoop Challenge

Projectile motion is a common phenomenon that is used in introductory physics courses to help students understand motion in two dimensions. Authors have shared a range of ideas for teaching this concept and the associated kinematics in The Physics Teacher; however, the “Hoop Challenge” is a new setup not before described in TPT. In this article an experiment is illustrated to explore projectile motion in a fun and challenging manner that has been used with both high school and university students. With a few simple materials, students have a vested interest in being able to calculate the height of the projectile at a given distance from its launch site. They also have an exciting visual demonstration of projectile motion when the lab is over.
Neuroimaging Paradigms to Identify Patients for Reperfusion Therapy in Stroke of Unknown Onset.

Despite the proven efficacy of intravenous alteplase or endovascular thrombectomy for the treatment of patients with acute ischemic stroke, only a minority receive these treatments. This low treatment rate is due in large part to delay in hospital arrival or uncertainty as to the exact time of onset of ischemic stroke, which renders patients outside the current guideline-recommended window of eligibility for receiving these therapeutics. However, recent pivotal clinical trials of late window thrombectomy now force us to rethink the value of a simplistic chronological formulation that “time is brain.” We must recognize a more nuanced concept that the rate of tissue death as a function of time is not invariant, that still salvageable tissue at risk of infarction may be present up to 24 hour after last known well, and that those patients may strongly benefit from reperfusion. Multiple studies have sought to address this clinical dilemma using neuroimaging methods to identify a radiographic time-stamp of stroke onset or evidence of salvageable ischemic tissue and thereby increase the number of patients eligible for reperfusion therapies. In this review, we provide a critical analysis of the current state of neuroimaging techniques to select patients with unwitnessed stroke for revascularization therapies and speculate on the future direction of this clinically relevant area of stroke research.
Ensembles vs. information theory: supporting science under uncertainty

Multi-model ensembles are one of the most common ways to deal with epistemic uncertainty in hydrology. This is a problem because there is no known way to sample models such that the resulting ensemble admits a measure that has any systematic (i.e., asymptotic, bounded, or consistent) relationship with uncertainty. Multi-model ensembles are effectively sensitivity analyses and cannot – even partially – quantify uncertainty. One consequence of this is that multi-model approaches cannot support a consistent scientific method – in particular, multi-model approaches yield unbounded errors in inference. In contrast, information theory supports a coherent hypothesis test that is robust to (i.e., bounded under) arbitrary epistemic uncertainty. This paper may be understood as advocating a procedure for hypothesis testing that does not require quantifying uncertainty, but is coherent and reliable (i.e., bounded) in the presence of arbitrary (unknown and unknowable) uncertainty. We conclude by offering some suggestions about how this proposed philosophy of science suggests new ways to conceptualize and construct simulation models of complex, dynamical systems.
Mesenteric ischemia : An unusual presentation of traumatic intrahepatic arterioportal fistula

Traumatic hepatic arterioportal fistulae (APF) are described infrequently as sequelae of hepatic trauma. These anomalies are usually associated with blunt hepatic trauma or iatrogenic injury. The majority of APF present within weeks to months of injury with gastrointestinal hemorrhage, hemobilia, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. When presenting remotely APFs are associated with portal hypertension, heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, ascites, and splenomegaly. We report an unusual case of mesenteric ischemia due to an APF that resulted from a penetrating liver injury 20 years before presentation. Successful treatment of the APF was achieved by intravascular catheter occlusion resulting in resolution of symptoms.
Forensic Analysis of Ransomware Families Using Static and Dynamic Analysis

Forensic analysis of executables or binary files is the common practice of detecting malware characteristics. Reverse engineering is performed on executables at different levels such as raw binaries, assembly codes, libraries, and function calls to better analyze and interpret the purpose of malware code segments. In this work, we applied data-mining techniques to correlate multi-level code components (derived from reverse engineering process) for finding unique association rules to identify ransomware families. However a reverse process and analysis of code structure do not always provide run-time behavior of executables so we used a combined approaches (static and dynamic) to better unveil hidden intent of the program. We performed analysis of 450 samples of ransomware and experimental results reported some important correlation among different code components from our combined analysis.
Continuous Tensor Train-Based Dynamic Programming for High-Dimensional Zero-Sum Differential Games

Zero-sum differential games constitute a prominent research topic in several fields ranging from economics to motion planning. Unfortunately, analytical techniques for differential games can address only simple, illustrative problem instances, and most existing computational methods suffer from the curse of dimensionality, i.e., the computational requirements grow exponentially with the dimensionality of the state space. In order to alleviate the curse of dimensionality for a certain class of two-player pursuit-evasion games, we propose a novel dynamic-programming-based algorithm that uses a continuous tensor-train approximation to represent the value function. In this way, the algorithm can represent high-dimensional tensors using computational resources that grow only polynomially with dimensionality of the state space and with the rank of the value function. The proposed algorithm is shown to converge to optimal solutions. It is demonstrated in several problem instances; in case of a seven-dimensional game, the value function representation was obtained with seven orders of magnitude savings in computational and memory cost, when compared to standard value iteration.
Quintilian on the Quotable

The sententia, which I translate as “a concise expression of one’s sense of things,” plays an important role in Quintilian’s approach to the formation of an orator and to the forms public speech should take. Passages about sententiae, which appear across the Institutio Oratoria, show how Quintilian attempts to temper a generational frenzy for making clever quips: by reminding readers that sententiae also can be familiar lines of verse or prose circulating in culture and by advising readers that sentence-length variety increases an orator’s affective and communicative efficacy. Studying sententiae in Quintilian enriches our understanding of past and present attitudes toward what one might generally call being quotable. These days, quotable forms include sound bites and tweets, and some critics view those short forms as analogous to sententiae. Quintilian’s views on sententiae, therefore, not only prove applicable to on-going debates about the place of quotable forms in rhetorical pedagogy and practice but also might help channel those debates in more productive directions.
Myocarditis: A rare manifestation of acute Q fever infection

Myocarditis is a rare disease manifestation of acute Q fever caused by infection with Coxiella burnetii, an infectious Gram-negative proteobacteria. C. burnetii has a large animal reservoir and is often transmitted to humans during animal birth. Acute Q fever has a nonspecific disease presentation leading to delayed treatment and potentially worsened clinical outcomes. We describe a case of an otherwise healthy adult man with angina, ST elevations, and positive cardiac troponins-all findings suggestive of acute coronary syndrome. Cardiac catheterization revealed no significant coronary blockages or abnormalities. On echocardiography he was found to have heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The patient's social history included several risk factors for Q fever. Serologic testing returned positive for anti-C. burnetii antibodies, and a diagnosis of acute Q fever myocarditis was made. The patient was appropriately treated with a course of doxycycline and clinically improved. .
HPAS: An HPC Performance Anomaly Suite for Reproducing Performance Variations

Modern high performance computing (HPC) systems, including supercomputers, routinely suffer from substantial performance variations. The same application with the same input can have more than 100% performance variation, and such variations cause reduced efficiency and wasted resources. There have been recent studies on performance variability and on designing automated methods for diagnosing "anomalies" that cause performance variability. These studies either observe data collected from HPC systems, or they rely on synthetic reproduction of performance variability scenarios. However, there is no standardized way of creating performance variability inducing synthetic anomalies; so, researchers rely on designing ad-hoc methods for reproducing performance variability. This paper addresses this lack of a common method for creating relevant performance anomalies by introducing HPAS, an HPC Performance Anomaly Suite, consisting of anomaly generators for the major subsystems in HPC systems. These easy-to-use synthetic anomaly generators facilitate low-effort evaluation and comparison of various analytics methods as well as performance or resilience of applications, middleware, or systems under realistic performance variability scenarios. The paper also provides an analysis of the behavior of the anomaly generators and demonstrates several use cases: (1) performance anomaly diagnosis using HPAS, (2) evaluation of resource management policies under performance variations, and (3) design of applications that are resilient to performance variability.
Ebook Sharing Models in Academic Libraries

As ebooks make up an ever-larger portion of academic library catalogs, it is becoming increasingly problematic that licensing agreements, digital rights management (DRM), and technical issues make ...
Natural history of the aging spine: a cross-sectional analysis of spinopelvic parameters in the asymptomatic population.

Objective There have been numerous studies demonstrating increased pain and disability when patients' spinopelvic parameters fall outside of certain accepted ranges. However, these values were established based on patients suffering from spinal deformities. It remains unknown how these parameters change over a lifetime in asymptomatic individuals. The goal of this study was to define a range of spinopelvic parameters from asymptomatic individuals. Methods Sagittal scoliosis radiographs of 210 asymptomatic patients were evaluated. All measurements were reviewed by 2 trained observers, supervised by a trained clinician. The following parameters and relationships were measured or calculated: cervical lordosis (CL), thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), cervical SVA (cSVA), and T1 slope, TK/LL, truncal inclination, pelvic tilt (PT), LL-PI, LL/PI, and T1 slope/PI. Patients were stratified by decade of life, and regression analysis was performed to delineate the relationship between each consecutive age group and the aforementioned parameters. Results Cervical lordosis (R2 = 0.61), thoracic kyphosis (R2 = 0.84), SVA (R2 = 0.88), cSVA (R2 = 0.51), and T1 slope (R2 = 0.77) all increase with age. Truncal inclination (R2 = 0.36) and T1 slope/CL remain stable over all decades (R2 = 0.01). LL starts greater than PI, but in the 6th decade of life, LL becomes equal to PI and in the 7th decade becomes smaller than PI (R2 = 0.96). The ratio of TK/LL is stable until the 7th decade of life (R2 = 0.81), whereas PT is stable until the 6th decade (R2 = 0.92). Conclusions This study further refines the generally accepted LL = PI + 10° by showing that patients under the age of 50 years should have more LL compared to PI, whereas after the 5th decade the relationship is reversed. SVA was not as sensitive across age groups, exhibiting a marked increase only in the 7th decade of life. Given the reliable increase of CL with age, and the stability of T1 slope/CL, this represents another important relationship that should be maintained when performing cervical deformity/fusion surgery. This study has important implications for evaluating adult patients with spinal deformities and for establishing corrective surgical goals.
Knee and Proximal Lower Leg Wounds

The primary goals for reconstruction of the knee and proximal leg include restoration of durable soft issue coverage and anatomical motion of the limb. Flap failure and the inability to achieve definitive soft tissue closure can lead to joint or hardware exposure and ultimately, amputation above the knee. As opposed to more distal lower extremity wounds, pedicled muscle flaps provide the workhorse for reconstruction [1].
Abstract 13035: Beta3-Adrenergic-Receptor-Deficient Mice Protected From Diabetic Cardiomyopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Murine Model: Beneficial Effects on Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function, [Ca 2+ ] i Regulation and Beta-Adrenergic Modulation

Background: Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the main cause of increased mortality in Diabetes mellitus (DM). There are no effective therapeutic strategies. Recently, we found that DM is associated...
The Call for a National Emergency in Response to the Opiate Epidemic

On July 31, 2017 President Donald J. Trump’s White House Commission on Combating Drug Addiction and the Opioid Crisis issued its interim report calling for the President to immediately declare a national state of emergency in response to an epidemic that is devastating individuals and communities across the country. Led by New Jersey Governor Chris Christie, the Commissioners (including Governors from North Carolina and Massachusetts) see no other viable legal option to better implement existing and innovative public health approaches to control this epidemic. Like many law- and policy-makers, we agree.
Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea Treatment Challenges in Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia. Overall, the prevalence of AF is increasing. The increasing age and the obesity epidemic are likely explanatory factors of the increase in incidence of AF, but still a proportion of the risk remains unexplained. Sleep apnea is a likely promoter of this trend. As the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is increasing in concert with increasing recognition based upon epidemiologic and clinic-based studies of a significant association with AF, there is a need to effectively address OSA particularly as data support improvement of AF outcomes with effective OSA treatment after ablation and cardioversion. Central sleep apnea (CSA), in epidemiologic studies, has been shown to be a strong predictor of AF development; therefore CSA treatment is another possible risk to target in AF. Taken together, these data support the need for further consideration of early diagnosis and comprehensive management of sleep apnea in AF patients.
Cohesive cancer invasion of the biophysical barrier of smooth muscle

Smooth muscle is found around organs in the digestive, respiratory, and reproductive tracts. Cancers arising in the bladder, prostate, stomach, colon, and other sites progress from low-risk disease to high-risk, lethal metastatic disease characterized by tumor invasion into, within, and through the biophysical barrier of smooth muscle. We consider here the unique biophysical properties of smooth muscle and how cohesive clusters of tumor use mechanosensing cell-cell and cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) adhesion receptors to move through a structured muscle and withstand the biophysical forces to reach distant sites. Understanding integrated mechanosensing features within tumor cluster and smooth muscle and potential triggers within adjacent adipose tissue, such as the unique damage-associated molecular pattern protein (DAMP), eNAMPT (extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase), or visfatin, offers an opportunity to prevent the first steps of invasion and metastasis through the structured muscle.
Removal From Activity After Sports- Related Concussion in Sex-Comparable Sports From the Michigan High School Athletic Association.

Background:Research has demonstrated that female athletes are more likely to report their sports-related concussion (SRC) symptoms compared with male athletes; however, it is unknown if these repor...
Disorganized/controlling attachments, emotion regulation, and emotion communication in later middle childhood

Abstract We assessed how disorganized and controlling attachments (disorganized/disoriented, caregiving/role-confused, hostile/punitive) in later middle childhood relate to children's emotion regulation and emotion communication skills (N = 87). Disorganized and controlling behaviors were assessed with the Middle Childhood Attachment Strategies Coding System (MCAS). Concurrent assessments of children's emotion regulation and communication included maternal and child self-reports, as well as observer ratings. Children with greater disorganization/disorientation showed lower emotion awareness, more difficulty managing their emotions, and poorer emotion expressiveness. Unique to children with greater hostile/punitive behaviors was greater affect intensity. In contrast, children with more caregiving/role confused behaviors spoke more in emotion conversations with their mothers and were part of mother-child dyads who rely on more positive words when discussing conflicts, suggesting that they have greater communication responsibility. Our findings underscore the importance of assessing each disorganized and controlling pattern in middle childhood to understand how disorganization and emotion development are related.
Examining Teach For All: International Perspectives on a Growing Global Network: edited by Matthew Thomas, Emilee Rauschenberger, and Katherine Crawford-Garett, Abingdon, UK, Routledge, 2021, 300 pp., £120 (hardback), ISBN 9780367336486

Examining Teach for All: International Perspectives on a Growing Global Network (eds: Matthew Thomas, Emilee Rauschenberger, and Katherine Crawford-Garrett) is a timely response to the rapid growth...
Shared Control of a Powered Exoskeleton and Functional Electrical Stimulation Using Iterative Learning.

A hybrid exoskeleton comprising of a powered exoskeleton and functional electrical stimulation (FES) is a promising technology for restoration of standing and walking functions after a neurological injury. Its shared control remains challenging due to the need to optimally distribute joint torques among FES and the powered exoskeleton while compensating for the FES-induced muscle fatigue, and ensuring performance despite highly nonlinear and uncertain skeletal muscle behavior. This paper develops a bi-level hierarchical control design for shared control of a powered exoskeleton and FES to overcome these challenges. A higher- level neural network-based iterative learning controller (NNILC) is derived to generate torques needed to drive the hybrid system. Then, a low-level model predictive control (MPC)-based allocation strategy optimally distributes the torque contributions between FES and the exoskeleton's knee motors based on the muscle fatigue and recovery characteristics of a participant's quadriceps muscles. A Lyapunov-like stability analysis proves global asymptotic tracking of state-dependent desired joint trajectories. The experimental results on four non-disabled participants validate the effectiveness of the proposed NNILC-MPC framework. \textcolor{blue}{The root mean square error (RMSE) of the knee joint and hip joint was reduced by 71.96 % and 74.57 %, respectively, in the fourth iteration compared to the RMSE in the 1st sit-to-stand iteration.
Network Performance and Coordination

This article contributes a strategic coordination framework for network performance that is derived from reviewing and integrating disparate research findings about effectiveness in public networks. The focus on network performance extends the concept of a strategic—bureaucratic, entrepreneurial, community—orientations framework for network coordination put forth by Herranz (2008b) and the similar concept of modes of network governance that is suggested by Gray, Jenkins, and Leeuw (2003) and Gray (1998). A critical review of the literature on public network performance provides a way to conceptualize how different strategic orientations in network coordination may be related to different network objectives. This article proposes hypotheses to guide further research and discusses the implications of the framework as a guide for public managers tasked with coordinating networks to achieve different performance outcomes.
The Price of Death: The Funeral Industry in Contemporary Japan.

The Price of Death: The Funeral Industry in Contemporary Japan. Hikaru Suzuki. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000. 266 pp.
On the Stability of Bovine Superoxide Dismutase THE EFFECTS OF METALS

Abstract 1. Apo-superoxide dismutase was more labile toward a variety of inactivating stresses than was the holoenzyme. 2. Cu++ restored catalytic activity to the apoenzyme and markedly enhanced its thermal stability but Cu++ plus Zn++ were needed to attain the stability of the native enzyme. 3. Co++ or Hg++ were able to replace Zn++ in increasing the thermal stability of the Cu++-repleted apoenzyme. Indeed, the enzyme containing Hg++ + Cu++ was more stable than the native superoxide dismutase. In contrast no metal was found which could replace Cu++ in restoring activity to the apoenzyme. 4. Arrhenius plots showed that rates of irreversible inactivation were a biphasic function of temperature in the case of apo-superoxide dismutase but were monophasic in the presence of those metals which affected thermal stability. Metal binding apparently changed the pathway of thermal inactivation. 5. Since excess Cu++ could not substitute for Cu++ + Zn++ and since excess Zn++ could not prevent the effect of Cu++ we conclude that the Cu++ site cannot bind Zn++ and the Zn++ site cannot bind Cu++, although it can bind Co++ or Hg++. 6. Native superoxide dismutase retained much of its activity in the presence of 10.0 m urea or 4% sodium dodecyl sulfate and, although high concentrations of guanidinium chloride did inhibit, its effects were reversible by dialysis or dilution. 7. Guanidinium-chloride did however perturb the structure of the holoenzyme in a way which rendered its metals accessible to EDTA such that exposure to EDTA plus guanidinium chloride resulted in progressive inactivation. 8. It appears likely, on the basis of data available at present, that Zn++ plays a structural role in the bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and lends it enhanced stability whereas Cu++ is directly involved in the catalytic cycle.
The role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase in obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammation

Stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) is an essential lipogenic enzyme that has been shown to play an intrinsic role in the development of obesity and related conditions, such as insulin resistance. Through the generation of various mouse models of SCD1 deficiency, we have come to understand that SCD1 plays a role, directly or indirectly, in diverse metabolic processes, including lipogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, insulin signaling, thermogenesis, and inflammation. This review will address recent advances in our understanding of this key regulator of cellular metabolic processes, including the role of SCD1 in maintaining skin barrier integrity and the role of skin SCD1 in the metabolic phenotype elicited by global SCD1 deficiency.
Vitamins, Structure and Function of

A vitamin is an organic compound that occurs as a natural component of foods and must be supplied exogenously in small amounts to maintain growth, health, and reproduction of an organism. Hence, a vitamin is essential because it cannot be made in the organism that requires it; yet it functions, usually after metabolic alteration, in indispensable ways. Since only small quantities, usually microgram to milligram amounts per human adult per day, are required to avoid a deficiency disease, vitamins are classified as micronutrients along with the trace elements. Keywords: Apoenzyme; Avitaminosis; Coenzyme; Cofactor; Holoenzyme; Hypervitaminosis; Hypovitaminosis
University Initiation of Patent Infringement Litigation

While the literature examining university engagement in patenting and technology transfer is quite developed, commentators largely have overlooked university involvement in patent litigation. This article focuses on one aspect of that involvement - initiation of patent infringement litigation - by providing a quantitative and textual analysis of patent infringement actions initiated by universities from 2009 through 2010. Suing for-profit actors for money may seem antithetical to the mission of not-for-profit universities, but in fact universities filed over fifty such cases in the studied time period. Examination of these cases reveals a remarkable similarity between the litigation behavior of universities and for-profit actors, as well as complex and varied relationships between universities, their licensees, and research foundations closely affiliated with universities. These findings situate within a larger conversation over the commercial, political, and social implications of science, education, and innovation and suggest that further attention to the activity is warranted, given the substantial public investments in both public and private higher education that result in patentable inventions.
Current Distribution for Wire Exploded in Vacuo

This investigation explores the current sheath surrounding an exploding copper wire in vacuum. Rogovski coils are used to map the current sheath. The results are plotted as a function of time and radius. Soon after the transplosion of the wire, the current leaves the wire in an initially well-defined cylinder, which diffuses rapidly with time. Initial radial expansion is of the order of 105 cm/sec. A “reverse current effect” is also observed.
Juvenile Osteochondritis Dissecans: Correlation Between Histopathology and MRI.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of our study was to correlate specimens of juvenile osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions of the knee to MRI examinations to elucidate the histopathologic basis of characteristic imaging features. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Five children (three boys and two girls; age range, 12–13 years old) who underwent transarticular biopsy of juvenile OCD lesions of the knee were retrospectively included in this study. Two radiologists reviewed the MRI examinations and a pathologist reviewed the histopathologic specimens and recorded characteristic features. Digital specimen photographs were calibrated to the size of the respective MR image with the use of a reference scale. Photographs were rendered semitransparent and over-laid onto the MR image with the location chosen on the basis of the site of the prior biopsy. RESULTS. A total of seven biopsy specimens were included. On MRI, all lesions showed cystlike foci in the subchondral bone, bone marrow edema pattern on proton density–or T2-weighte...
Variation in the In Vitro Migration of Sensitized Guinea Pig Peritoneal Exudate Cells in the Presence of Coccidioidin

Guinea pigs were immunized by intramuscular injection of arthrospores from the M11 strain of Coccidioides immitis , and the peritoneal exudate cells were harvested 4 to 6 weeks later. After incubation with various concentrations of coccidioidin in tissue culture, the area of all migration was measured. Results of this study indicate that at a critical level, a variance of 0.1 μg of antigen per ml, determined the difference between approximately 88% migration and 5% migration as compared with control cells incubated in the absence of antigen. The concentration of antigen (ASU-9 stock coccidioidin concentrate) required to produce essentially complete inhibition of migration was determined to be 12.5 μg/ml. Images
Single unit responses recorded from the first order neuron of the pigeon auditory system.

Abstract Intracochlear recordings from the first order neurons in the eighth nerve of the pigeon were made with microelectrodes. The basic response characteristics of the single units were similar to those recorded from mammalian first order auditory neurons with the following exceptions: units responding solely to ‘sweep frequencies’ were found and one unit was found for which the rate of discharge decreased with increased intensity. Suppression of spontaneous activity during tonal stimulation was found within the response curve of the unit and for frequencies beyond the boundaries of the response curve. In addition, suppression of spontaneous activity was found after the termination of the tone. The amount of suppression and the recovery process varied considerably from unit to unit. The controlling variables were intensity and duration of the stimulus.
Oxidation kinetics of Co(II)-EDTA in aqueous and semi-aqueous goethite suspensions

The co-disposal of trace metals (e.g., Co), synthetic chelates (e.g., ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid, H4EDTA), and water-miscible organic solvents has occurred at some contamination sites. The present study examines the reactions of Co(II)−EDTA2- with a redox reactive naturally occurring solid, goethite, in aqueous and semi-aqueous (methanol−water, acetone−water) suspensions. UV−vis spectroscopy indicated that goethite catalyzed oxidation of Co(II)−EDTA2- to Co(III)−EDTA- by dissolved O2. The aeorobic reaction was described by a pseudo-first-order rate constant, k, of 0.0078 ± 0.0002 h-1 at p[H] 5.0 and a goethite concentration of 3.09 g L-1. A decreased oxidation rate under N2(g) purge was caused by an accumulation of Fe(II) in the goethite suspensions. The addition of acetone monotonically increased k. In contrast, methanol additions up to 20 wt % decreased k. Further additions of methanol raised k in excess of that observed for fully aqueous suspensions. These reactions have important implications on t...
Discussion of “Operational Restructuring Charges and Post-Restructuring Performance”*

"Operational Restructuring Charges and Post-restructuring Performance" examines an important and interesting issue. Atiase, Platt, and Tse (2004) investigate whether firms that report restructuring charges exhibit improved future performance. This question is relevant because one of the motivations usually cited by management for restructuring is to improve performance and create shareholder value. Therefore, determining whether restructurings are beneficial is important for evaluating management and making investment decisions.
Just‐in‐time optimizations for high‐performance Java programs

Our previous experience with an off-line Java optimizer [1] has shown that some traditional algorithms used in compilers are too slow for a JIT compiler. In this paper we propose and implement faster ways of performing analyses needed for our optimizations. For instance we have replaced reaching definitions with constant values and loop induction variables with loop-defined variables. As the result our JIT compiler, Briki, is very fast, so that its running time is negligible even when the data sets used with our benchmarks result in execution times of only a few seconds. The impact for the same benchmarks running on more realistic problem sizes would be even smaller. Currently the speedups resulting from applying our optimizations are between 10% and 20%, but when the JIT compiler will perform standard optimizations which are absent in the current version of the JIT compiler used by us, the speedups should be similar to the ones observed for Fortran programs—up to 50%.
Complications arising from catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: Temporal trends and predictors

Background The reported complication rate of catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) varies. Objective Our goal was to assess temporal trends and the effect of both institutional and individual operators' experience on the incidence of complications. Methods All patients undergoing AF ablation at Johns Hopkins Hospital between February 2001 and December 2010 were prospectively enrolled in a database. Major complications were defined as those that were life-threatening, resulted in permanent harm, required intervention, or significantly prolonged hospitalization. Results Fifty-six major complications occurred in 1190 procedures (4.7%). The majority of complications were vascular (18; 1.5%), followed by pericardial tamponade (13; 1.1%) and cerebrovascular accident (12; 1.1%). No cases of death or atrioesophageal fistula occurred. The overall complication rate decreased from 11.1% in 2002 to 1.6% in 2010 ( P 2 score of ≥2 (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.5; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.4–4.4; P = .002), female gender (HR = 2.0; 95% CI=1.2–3.5; P = .014), and age (HR = 1.03; 95% CI=1.0–1.1; P = .042). Gender and CHADS 2 score of ≥2 remained independent predictors of complication on multivariable analysis. Conclusion The complication rate of catheter ablation of AF decreased with increased institutional experience. Female gender and CHADS 2 score of ≥2 are significant independent risk factors for complications and should be considered when referring patients for AF ablation.
Accumulation, exports, and growth in the high-performing Asian economies

Abstract Potential sources of the very rapid growth in per capita income in a number of Asian countries are considered using cross-country regressions. While unusual investment ratios and initial levels of education both play a role, the superior performance is not totally explained by these variables. A growing body of microeconomic evidence suggests that the growth of manufactured exports may have allowed the industrial sector in these countries to increase its productivity. The cross-country regressions show that part of the rapid growth of per capita income in these countries is attributable to their unusual export performance. Even after incorporating this effect, their per capita income growth remains somewhat greater than predicted.
Pletelet Accumulation observed by Electron Microscopy in the Early Phase of Renal Allotransplant Rejection

THE rejection of skin allografts depends on an immunological response of the recipient1 which can be transferred with whole cells2. The contribution of soluble antibody to rejection of solid tissue grafts remains an open question3. Although antibody may react directly with donor cells to produce a cytotoxic effect, other destructive mechanisms are equally possible. For example, Gardner, Guttman and Merrill4 have observed an ischaemic response during rejection of rat kidney transplants. Indeed, interference with the blood supply leading to cell destruction in grafts undergoing rejection has previously been deduced from metabolic studies5,6. Such vascular blockades could be produced by platelet aggregates, as noted by Porter7 in acute rejection of human kidney transplants. The work reported here shows that substantial numbers of platelets accumulate in dog kidneys within minutes of renal transplantation to sensitized recipients. These platelets may be important contributors to the set of reactions responsible for allotransplant rejection8,9.
Modular finite state machines: Development and application to reconfigurable manufacturing cell controller generation

This paper presents a new framework developed for logic control of manufacturing systems based on finite state machines (FSMs) and a method to automatically generate the control logic for manufacturing cell controllers using this framework. The framework is modular; FSMs are encapsulated into modules with well-defined communication between them. Events in the finite state machines are of two types, triggers and responses, allowing FSMs to react to events and to force events to occur. The automatic generation method is based on a library of predefined modules. Its application to and implementation on a manufacturing testbed is described.
ELECTROMAGNETIC RESPONSE OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL INHOMOGENEITIES IN A DISSIPATIVE HALF-SPACE FOR TURAM INTERPRETATION *

An integral equation technique based on the integral formulation of the electric field of a harmonically excited line-source in the presence of a two-dimensional scattering in-homogeneity is outlined. In this treatment the inhomogeneity is assumed to have an arbitrary cross-sectional shape and to be located in a layered, dissipative half-space. The scattering responses in terms of the horizontal and the vertical magnetic field components observed on the ground surface are studied for a variety of geologic models involving overburden layers, vertical or inclined veins and multiple inhomogeneities. The horizontal component of the total magnetic field appears to be the most diagnostic response parameter. A thin vein shaped target with a cross sectional area of 0.05 δ 2 × 0.50 δ 2 (δ 2 being the skin-depth in the lower half-space) located 0.50 δ 2 away from the line-source and under a highly conductive overburden layer (σ 1 /σ 2 = 300) of thickness 0.02 δ 2 is easily detected with a moderate resolution. The scattering responses are also sensitive to changes in depths of burial, inclination and conductivity contrast with the surrounding half-space of the target inhomogeneity. An interpretation scheme as well as a number of characteristic detectability parameters are developed for the conventional Turam method used in mineral exploration.
Predicting the pharmacodynamics of heparin: a clinical evaluation of the Hepcon System 4.

The magnitude of the anticoagulation response to heparin (heparin responsiveness) varies substantially from patient to patient. Identifying extremes of sensitivity and resistance prior to intravenous administration of heparin would facilitate anticoagulation for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The performance of the Hepcon System 4 (HemoTec, Inc. Englewood, CO), an instrument designed for that purpose, was tested. Using nonheparinized blood samples from 157 patients scheduled for surgery requiring CPB, this device performed activated coagulation times (ACT) with three different concentrations of in vitro heparin. After determining each patient's in vitro heparin response, the heparin dose predicted to produce ACT values of 480 seconds (group 1, N = 77) or 600 seconds (group 2, N = 80) was administered. Five minutes later each patient's ACT was determined with the Hemochron method (International Technidyne, Inc. Edison, NJ). Simultaneously, several other variables that might predict heparin responsiveness were investigated. When compared with the observed ACT, the Hepcon System 4 inadequately predicted the response. There was considerable scatter in this comparison, but most frequently the in vitro method substantially underestimated the in vivo heparin dose requirement. Heparin responsiveness decreased significantly with high platelet counts and advanced age, but was unaffected by the initial hematocrit, ACT, partial thromboplastin time, or preoperative heparin therapy. Previous investigations have not identified a relationship between advanced age and reduced heparin responsiveness. Combining the Hepcon heparin dose-response in vitro method with the other parameters evaluated, stepwise regression could only account for 39% of the observed variability in heparin responsiveness. Comparing the two groups, it appears that the ACT dose-response to heparin may not remain strictly linear in the ACT range of 350 to 500 seconds. This suggests saturation of the heparin receptors on antithrombin III. A mathematical equation that would predict heparin responsiveness well enough to warrant clinical application could not be constructed. Clinicians should expect older patients and thrombocytotic patients to frequently require higher initial heparin doses. Since heparin's response remains unpredictable, continued clinical application of the ACT to determine adequate anticoagulation is recommended.
Affirmative Action and the Behavior of Decision Makers1

Rosen and Mericle (1979) claimed to have demonstrated that the simple strength of an organization's affirmative-action policy statement can cause decision makers to engage in behaviors that subvert the goals of the policy. We questioned the conceptual and empirical validity of their claim, pointing out the absence of any attention to issues of decision makers' understanding and evaluations of the procedures of affirmative action. Based on a procedural-justice approach, we replicated and extended the Rosen and Mericle study by including measures of respondents' preexisting conceptions and evaluations of the procedural features of affirmative action. That replication showed that decision makers' understanding and evaluations of procedures, as represented by a set of procedural-justice variables, provide a more complete description of the influence of affirmative action on the behavior of decision makers.