cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interprofessional education and collaboration in public health: a multidisciplinary health professions IPE project

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of an interprofessional education (IPE) intervention on undergraduate health professions students’ current interprofessional awareness and understanding, and intent to interprofessionally collaborate. This mixed methods study (N = 50) consisted of undergraduate community health nursing (n = 42) and health education (n = 8) students at a Midwestern, urban, public university. Undergraduate health professions students were invited to the IPE event co-hosted by the researchers. The session began with introductions, after which students completed a consent form and then watched a series of six brief videos, which were created by the researchers, illustrating how various disciplines collaborate in a public health department. The videos were followed by discussion, after which participants were divided into groups and given one of two case studies to work on, followed by large group discussion, after which participants completed the evaluation. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS); qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. The results showed that the majority of participants felt that their interprofessional awareness, understanding, and intent to collaborate increased. The findings also revealed what they learned, misconceptions they had about the disciplines that were clarified, and what they felt was most helpful. This research provides support for the effectiveness of a brief, collaborative IPE intervention in increasing health professions students’ interprofessional awareness, understanding, and intent to interprofessionally collaborate.
Randomized Trial of Scrambler Therapy for Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy: Crossover Analysis.

Abstract Context Preliminary trials report that Scrambler Therapy, a form of electroanalgesia, may improve discomfort from chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Objective The objective of this phase II, randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the efficacy of Scrambler therapy vs. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in treating CIPN. Methods Fifty patients were accrued for the first half of this two-part, crossover trial consisting of a 2-week treatment period with either Scrambler or TENS, followed by an 8-week observation period, and then crossover treatment. Twenty-two patients proceeded to the crossover phase. The primary means of assessment was patient-reported outcomes, including symptom severity scales and Global Impression of Change questionnaires. Symptoms were assessed daily during the treatment period and weekly during an 8-week observation period. Results A 50% or greater reduction in primary symptom (pain or tingling) score on the last day of treatment was achieved by 6 of 10 Scrambler-treated patients (60%) and 3 of 12 TENS-treated patients (25%) after crossover (P = 0.11). By day 4 of treatment, the two arms diverged with respect to mean change in primary symptom score; this effect was largely carried through to the end of the two-week treatment period. Similarly, Scrambler therapy appeared better than TENS when assessed by Global Impression of Change for neuropathy, pain, and overall quality of life. Conclusions Similar findings from the initial randomization and crossover phases of this study support further evaluation of the efficacy of Scrambler therapy in alleviating CIPN symptoms. Evaluation in a larger, randomized controlled trial with standardized treatment is warranted.
Human Epithelial Stem Cell-Derived Colonoid Monolayers as a Model to Study Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli –Host Interactions

Human intestinal organoid cultures established from crypt-derived stem cells truly revolutionized our approach to study intestinal epithelial physiology and pathologies as they can be propagated indefinitely and preserve the genetic signature of the donor and the gut segment specificity in culture. Here we describe human stem cell-derived colonoid monolayers as a reliable and reproducible model to study Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection and STEC-caused pathologies of the whole colonic epithelium comprising a mixture of colonocytes, goblet, enteroendocrine, and other rare cells present in human colonic epithelial tissue.
An architecture for intelligent control based on epistemic utility theory

Epistemic utility theory is used to define an architectural model of intelligent control. The model provides each agent with an epistemic system, to account for its state of knowledge, its goals and values, its beliefs, its willingness to risk error, and the existence of incomplete or contradictory evidence. Agents make decisions on a local, rather than a global basis, thus preserving functionality without requiring optimality. Multiple agents may share joint epistemic systems, making possible the formulation of cooperative, contradictory, or mixed decision and control strategies.
Abiotic partitioning of clothianidin under simulated rice field conditions.

BACKGROUND Clothianidin is registered for pre- and post-flood application in Californian rice fields for control of the rice seed midge, Cricotopus sylvestris, and the rice water weevil, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus. The objective was to characterize air–water and soil–water partitioning of clothianidin under simulated Californian rice field conditions. RESULTS Clothianidin was confirmed to be non-volatile (from water) via the gas purge method, as no loss from the aqueous phase was observed at 22 and 37 °C; an upper-limit KH value was calculated at 2.9 × 10−11 Pa m3 mol−1 (20 °C). Soil–water partitioning was determined by the batch equilibrium method using four soils collected from rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, and sorption affinity (Kd), sorbent capacity, desorption and organic-carbon-normalized distribution (Koc) were determined. Values for pH, cation exchange capacity and organic matter content ranged from 4.5 to 6.6, from 5.9 to 37.9 and from 1.25 to 1.97% respectively. The log Koc values (22 and 37 °C) ranged from 2.6 to 2.7, while sorption capacity was low at 22 °C and decreased further at 37 °C. Hysteresis was observed in soils at both temperatures, suggesting that bound residues do not readily desorb. CONCLUSIONS Soil–water and air–water partitioning will not significantly reduce offsite transport of clothianidin from flooded rice fields via drainage. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
The Incentive to Discriminate by a Vertically-Integrated Regulated Firm: A Reply

In Weisman (1995), I construct a model to investigate the incentives of a vertically-integrated regulated firm to discriminate against downstream rivals. This model suggests that the RBOCs do not have the same incentives to discriminate as AT&T prior to divestiture. Reiffen (1998) questions this and other conclusions. This reply addresses his claims.
Differences Between Brucella Antigens Involved in Indirect Hemagglutination Tests with Normal and Tanned Red Blood Cells

Brucella antigens capable of sensitizing normal and tanned sheep red blood cells for indirect hemagglutination were compared with antigens involved in agglutination, gel diffusion, and immunoelectrophoresis. Hyperimmune rabbit sera, before and after absorption with various antigenic preparations from smooth and rough B. abortus, were used in the tests. Normal erythrocytes could be sensitized with an NaOH-treated ether-water extract (EW-T) of smooth Brucella. Tanned erythrocytes could be sensitized with a water-soluble extract from ultrasonically disrupted smooth or rough Brucella. The EW-T produced a single precipitation band and the water-soluble antigens produce 6 to 23 bands in immunoelectrophoresis with unabsorbed sera. After absorption of antisera with water-soluble extracts from smooth or rough Brucella cells or from smooth or rough cell walls, the hemagglutinins for sensitized tanned erythrocytes and the precipitins for water-soluble antigens were removed. Absorption with living smooth or rough Brucella cells or with EW-T did not remove these antibodies. The precipitins and hemagglutinins for the antigen EW-T, and agglutinins for smooth cells, were absorbed by smooth antigens but not by rough antigens. It appears that the antigens which sensitize tanned erythrocytes and diffuse through agar gels are present in both smooth and rough forms and may be situated in the cytoplasm or in the internal part of the cell wall, whereas the agglutinogen and the antigen which attaches to normal erythrocytes are surface antigens found only on the smooth Brucella cell.
Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol-Related Consequences: Sex-Specific Differences in Parental Influences Among Ninth-Grade Students

Parents impact adolescent substance abuse, but sex-specific influences are not well-understood. This study examined parental influences on adolescent drinking behavior in a sample of ninth-grade students (N = 473). Hierarchical regression analyses indicated parental monitoring, disapproval of teen alcohol use, and quality of parent-teen general communication were significant predictors of drinking behaviors. Sex, however, moderated these relationships. Specifically, parental monitoring was protective of heavy episodic drinking and alcohol-related consequences for females, whereas parental disapproval of teen alcohol was protective of heavy episodic drinking for males. Implications for sex-specific parent-based intervention programs are discussed.
Use of an accident model to investigate and record causes of back injuries

In a series of 401 cases of back pain, 122 were caused by true accidents. There were also 114 non-accidental injuries (NAI). A model used to structure the accident information is described. The model provided data on first unforeseen events and the human movements and environmental factors contributing. The first unforeseen event was a slip in 57 accidents (47%). Sixty seven per cent of the accidents and 35% of NAI did not involve handling of loads (p<0001). A study of the 57 slipping accidents is presented to illustrate the inaccuracies of current accident statistics and to explain why back injuries caused by slipping are rarely mentioned in the literature.
Prediction and the quantification of uncertainty

Abstract Prediction is based on the comparison of results from the statistical analysis of observational data and from the scientific modeling of the system being observed. Effective prediction imposes new as well as familiar requirements on observation and scientific modeling, as will be reviewed here. We emphasize issues specific to prediction in the context of technology. Recent results of the authors, colleagues, and others which address these requirements will be presented.
Pulsatile rhythms of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) and cortisol in women with endogenous depression: Evidence for increased ACTH pulse frequency

Plasma ACTH and serum cortisol levels were measured at 20-min intervals for 24 h in six young women with unipolar endogenous depression and in eight normal women during the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. The women with depression had a marked increase (P < 0.005) in mean ACTH pulse frequency [14.5 ± 0.6 (±se) pulses/24 h] compared with normal women (9.9 ± 0.7 pulses/24 h), while mean ACTH pulse amplitude and 24-h transverse mean ACTH levels were similar in the two groups. In contrast, 24-h transverse mean cortisol levels were higher (P < 0.02) in the depressed women (242 ± 28 nmol/L) than in the normal women (163 ± 10 nmol/L). This hypercortisolemia in the depressed women was accompanied by markedly increased (P < 0.001) episodic cortisol secretion (286 ± 24 × 102 nmol/L·min) compared with that in normal women (155 ± 17 × 102 nmol/L·min), and the secretory episodes were both longer in duration (P < 0.05) and of higher amplitude (P < 0.05) in the depressed women. The circadian variations in...
An exploratory study of young Chinese customers' online shopping behaviors and service quality perceptions

Purpose – This paper seeks to use the consumer‐perceived levels of internet shopping skills and challenges, to cluster the young Chinese customers and to compare the quality perceptions of customers from the different clusters.Design/methodology/approach – A survey of 237 college students from Beijing with the average age of 20.2 was conducted via a paper‐and‐pencil questionnaire. All the constructs were measured using established scales. The students completed the questionnaire in their native language.Findings – The paper finds that, at the present level of internet development in China, online consumers can be segmented on the basis of their self‐rated internet skills and their perception of the challenges involved in online shopping.Practical implications – Online customer segments obtained through internet skill and challenge level perceptions are demonstrated to explain some of the differences in the online shopping behaviors and service quality perceptions. The managers of online stores in China co...
SEMIRELATIVISTIC QUARK MODEL FOR MESONS.

We present a quark model of mesons which treats the kinematics, including spin, exactly, but neglects the effects of retardation in the interaction. Starting with the two-particle Dirac equation with a static square-well potential, we find that tightly bound physical solutions exist only for certain special cases. In addition, there are unphysical solutions which correspond to the binding of a positive-energy spinor to a negative-energy spinor. The solution used in the Fermi-Yang model of the pion is unphysical in this sense. For continuously varying potentials, the equations contain singularities which arise from the presence of unfilled negative-energy states. These make the two-particle Dirac equation unreliable for interaction energies which are comparable to the masses involved. Using a reduced form of the Bethe-Salpeter equation in the ladder approximation for an instantaneous interaction, which we represent by an $S$-wave separable potential, we compute the wave functions of the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ and $\ensuremath{\rho}$ mesons. We calculate the $\ensuremath{\pi}$ lifetime, which comes out in good agreement with the observed value for a quark mass of 3.1 BeV. The $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\rho}$ mass splitting has the right sign, but is too large, for all values of the quark mass.
Local and Global Simulations of Bridgman and Liquid-Encapsulated Czochralski Crystal Growth

A curvilinear finite volume-based numerical methodology has been developed that can be effectively used for simulation of the Bridgman and Czochralski (Cz) crystal growth processes. New features of grid generation have been devised and added to the original formulation (Zhang et al.) to make it suitable for global modeling. The numerical model can account for convection in both the melt and the gas phases, convection/radiation in the furnace, and conduction in all solid components. Results for Bridgman growth show that the flow pattern and interface shape strongly depend on thermal conductivities of the crystal, melt, and ampoule materials. Transient simulations have been performed for the growth of Bismuth crystal in a Bridgman-Stockbarger system and the growth of GaAs crystal using liquid-encapsulated Czochralski (LEC) technique. This is the first time that a global high-pressure LEC model is able to account for convective flows and heat transfer and predict the interface shape and its dynamics
Knowledge-Based Image Segmentation

Image segmentation is a highly scene dependent and problem dependent decision making or pattern recognition process. Knowledge about the class of imagess to be processed and the tasks to be performed, plays an important role. Two approaches that explicitly incorporate such knowledge are advanced for the class of images containing polygonal shapes. They can be generalized to other shapes by change of pre-processing steps. Inference is both data driven and goal driven. It is guided by meta rules that are fired by the outputs of preprocessing. Effective suppression of noise is achieved. The methods illustrate the potential of AI techniques and tools for low-level image understanding tasks.
Evaluating the probability of violating dissolved oxygen standard

Abstract One of the main concerns in water quality control and regulation is the assurance of compliance of the specified water quality standard. Due to the existence of various uncertainties in a stochastic stream environment, such compliance cannot be guaranteed at all times. This paper discussed and applies methods for evaluating the risk of violating the water quality standard. The methodologies are applied to evaluate the risk of violating dissolved oxygen standard using the Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen model.
Pattern of corticostriatal innervation in organotypic cocultures is dependent on the age of the cortical tissue.

Abstract The patch–matrix organization of the striatum is defined by the selective expression of neuronal markers and a semisegregated pattern of afferents and efferents that develops before birth in all mammals. Differential projections from ‘limbic’ and ‘somatomotor’ cortices contribute to the selective circuitry of patch (“striosome”) and matrix compartments. Organotypic cultures were used to determine the pattern of early corticostriatal innervation as a first step toward understanding the role of cortical innervation in the development of striatal patch–matrix organization. Perinatal striatum (E19–P4) was cocultured with the cortex obtained from same-age or different-age rats in the presence or absence of substantia nigra obtained from E14–15 fetuses. After 4–21 days in vitro, crystals of biocytin were placed directly onto the cortical piece to trace cortical projections into the striatal piece. Cortex obtained from fetuses (E19–22) or neonatal (P0–1) rats gave rise to a dense innervation of both prenatal and postnatal striatal slices; however, the pattern of biocytin-labeled fibers was found to be highly dependent on the age of the cortical tissue used. Cortex derived from rats between E20 and P1 gave rise to a heterogeneous distribution of fibers indicative of striatal patches when combined with striatal slices from same-age or younger (E18–19) fetuses. Cortex from E18–19 fetuses produced a homogeneous innervation even when cocultured with older striatal tissue in which the striatal patches were already present. The postnatal cortex (P2–P5) gave rise to little to no innervation of striatum of all ages. Similar findings were obtained with the use of either prelimbic or somatosensory cortex. In double- and triple-labeled cultures, the distribution of corticostriatal fibers overlapped substantially with patches of developing striatal neurons, as revealed by DARPP-32 immunocytochemistry. Dopaminergic innervation present when the substantia nigra was included in the cocultures also distributed preferentially to the developing patch compartment, but it did not substantially alter the pattern of corticostriatal innervation. These findings suggest that the cortex provides directive signals to the developing striatum rather than simply responding to the presence of patches that have already formed.
DIVERSITY OF PLASTID DNA CONFIGURATION AMONG CLASSES OF EUKARYOTE ALGAE1

Information is presented concerning the overall arrangement of plastid DNA (ptDNA) in plastids of approximately 100 spp. of eukaryote algae, representing all classes. The three-dimensional arrangement of the ptDNA was assessed by study of both living and fixed material, stained with the DNA fluorochrome 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), using both phase and fluorescence microscopy. The widespread occurrence of two major types of ptDNA configuration known from prior electron microscopy studies was confirmed. These are (1) DNA densities (nucleoids) of variable size and morphology, scattered throughout the plastid, and (2) a ring nucleoid, beaded or unbeaded, lying just within the girdle lamella. Type 1 is characteristic of Rhodophyta, Dinophyta, Chlorophyta, Cryptophyta, Prymnesiophyceae and Eustigmatophyceae (with one exception). Type 2 is characteristic of Phaeophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Raphidophyceae, Chrysophyceae (except silicoflagellates and organisms such as Synura and Dinobryon), and Xanthophyceae (with the exception of Vaucheria and three genera known to lack girdle lamellae, Bumilleria, Bumilleriopsis, and Pseudobumilleriopsis). Some of these exceptional forms, as well as Euglenophyta, have configurations of ptDNA not previously recognized. In all the configurations observed, the DNA of a single plastid could be interpreted as being in continuity. This character of plastids appears to be stable under varied conditions of growth and at differing stages of the life cycle, where examined, and has confirmed the reclassification made on other grounds of several taxonomic entities. It has also revealed new questionable classifications. Since DAPI staining is far simpler than serial sectioning for electron microscopy in revealing ptDNA architecture, use of the technique may be valuable for future studies of numerous organisms, both to help in their identification and as an aid to unravelling major taxonomic affinities. In light of the endosymbiont hypothesis, plastid characters may require as great attention as those of the remainder of the cell.
DCLK1 is detectable in plasma of patients with Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1), a putative tumor stem cell marker has been shown to be highly expressed in the stromal and epithelial compartments in colon and pancreatic cancer as well as Barrett’s esophagus (BE) and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). To prospectively investigate whether the immunohistochemical expression of DCLK1 was associated with detectable DCLK1 plasma expression in patients with existing BE and EAC. Immunohistochemistry was performed on paraffin-embedded sections using DCLK1 antibody and scored based on staining intensity and tissue involvement. Purified human plasma samples were subjected to Western blot and ELISA analysis. Forty (40) patients were enrolled: 10 controls (normal endoscopy) and 30 with BE/EAC (13 nondysplastic BE [NDBE], 9 dysplastic BE [DBE] and 8 EAC). Mean epithelial DCLK1 staining was as follows: controls = 0.11, NDBE = 3.83, DBE = 6.0, EAC = 7.17. Mean stromal DCLK1 staining was as follows: NDBE = 5.83, DBE = 5.375, EAC = 10.83. DCLK1 was detected by plasma Western blot in 1 control and in all patients with BE/EAC p < 0.0005. Plasma DCLK1 was elevated by ELISA in EAC compared to other groups, p < 0.05. Increased expression of DCLK1 was observed in the epithelium, stroma and plasma of patients with BE/EAC. Furthermore, the presence of detectable DCLK1 in plasma of BE/EAC patients may provide a less invasive, detection tool in those patients as well as represent a novel molecular marker distinguishing between normal esophageal mucosa and BE or EAC.
tree growth, air pollution, and climate near LaPorte, Ind.

A multivariate technique was employed to assess tree-ring growth and climatic relationships of white oak in northern Illinois-Indiana, including LaPorte, Ind. Climate accounted for 59% of the variance in ring-width chronology, and prior growth accounted for 2%. Since the reported LaPorte precipitation anomaly is considered to be largely a phenomenon of summer convective storms (Changnon, 1968), the importance of the late spring and summer precipitation on ring width suggests that white oak rings from the LaPorte stands versus the control stands would be likely to show differences in growth after 1930 if a precipitation anomaly had occurred. Our particular tree-ring analysis neither proves nor disproves the precipitation anomaly at LaPorte. It does suggest that some factor in the LaPorte area became increasingly more limiting to tree growth than climate during the decade of 1940, and caused a gradual reduction of growth. Our best inference is that this growth reduction may have been a direct result of toxi...
Effect of processing on functional properties of wheat gluten prepared by cold-ethanol displacement of starch

ABSTRACT Functional properties of gluten prepared from wheat flour are altered by separation and drying. Gluten was separated and concentrated by batterlike laboratory methods: development with water, dispersion of the batter with the displacing fluid, and screening to collect the gluten. Two displacing fluids were applied, water or cold ethanol (70% vol or greater, -13°C). Both the water-displaced gluten (W-gluten) and ethanol-displaced- gluten (CE-gluten) were freeze-dried at -20°C as a reference. Samples were dried at temperatures up to 100°C using a laboratory, fluidized-bed drier. Tests of functionality included 1) mixing in a mixograph, 2) mixing in a farinograph, and 3) the baked gluten ball test. Dough-mixing functionality was assessed for Moro flour (9.2% protein) that was fortified up to 16% total protein with dried gluten. In the mixograph, CE-gluten (70°C) produced improved dough performance but W-gluten (70°C) degraded dough performance in proportion to the amount added in fortification. In t...
Filtration of Ultrafine Chain Aggregate Aerosols by Nuclepore Filters

Four Nuclepore filters with a pore size of 3.0, 5.0, 8.0 and 10.0 μm were tested at flow velocity in the range 4.2–25.0 cm/s. Ultrafine chain aggregates were used as a model fibrous aerosol. Experiments were carried out under the condition that the collection mechanisms by diffusion and inertia were not significant. Results indicated that the collection efficiency decreased with flow velocity. The effects of dynamic shape, slip correction, and orientation distribution of the fibrous particles on collection mechanisms—diffusion, inertia impaction, and interception—are discussed.
The incision and strand rejoining step in the excision repair of 5,6-dihydroxy-dihydrothymine by crude E. coli extracts.

Abstract Strand resealing in the in vitro excision repair of 5,6-dihydroxy-dihydrothymine in osmium tetroxide oxidized polyd(A-T) by crude E. coli extracts is accomplished by polynucleotide ligase. Osmium tetroxide oxidized polyd(A-T)_serves as a chemically well defined model substrate containing damage of the kind introduced into DNA by ionizing radiation. In the first incision step of excision repair approximately one endonucleolytic nick is introduced into the polymer by extracts of E. coli endoI− and E. coli endoI− uvr A6− per ring damaged thymine residue removed.
The FeMoco-deficient MoFe protein produced by a nifH deletion strain of Azotobacter vinelandii shows unusual P-cluster features.

The His-tag MoFe protein expressed by the nifH deletion strain Azotobacter vinelandii DJ1165 (Delta nifH MoFe protein) was purified in large quantity. The alpha 2beta 2 tetrameric Delta nifH MoFe protein is FeMoco-deficient based on metal analysis and the absence of the S = 3/2 EPR signal, which arises from the FeMo cofactor center in wild-type MoFe protein. The Delta nifH MoFe protein contains 18.6 mol Fe/mol and, upon reduction with dithionite, exhibits an unusually strong S = 1/2 EPR signal in the g approx 2 region. The indigo disulfonate-oxidized Delta nifH MoFe protein does not show features of the P2+ state of the P-cluster of the Delta nifB MoFe protein. The oxidized Delta nifH MoFe protein is able to form a specific complex with the Fe protein containing the [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster and facilitates the hydrolysis of MgATP within this complex. However, it is not able to accept electrons from the [4Fe-4S]1+ cluster of the Fe protein. Furthermore, the dithionite-reduced Delta nifH MoFe can be further reduced by Ti(III) citrate, which is quite unexpected. These unusual catalytic and spectroscopic properties might indicate the presence of a P-cluster precursor or a P-cluster trapped in an unusual conformation or oxidation state.
The aggregated form of an AAMP derived peptide behaves as a heparin sensitive cell binding agent.

Abstract A peptide termed P189, derived from the sequence of a newly discovered protein, AAMP (angio-associated migratory cell protein), contains a motif that is predicted to a bind heparin. It occurs near the amino terminal end of AAMP. Previous studies have shown that in its solubilized form P189 (RRLRRMESESES) binds heparin and melanoma cells. The peptide is bipolar in that it contains positive charges at its amino end and negative charges at its carboxyl end. It forms strongly aggregated particles that require exposure to 50% DMSO and 100 degrees C for solubilization to occur. Now heparin and cell binding (heparin sensitive) are also demonstrated for the peptide in its particular form. Cell binding/clustering to the peptide particles is strong and resists exposure to various reagents (sugars and inhibitors of glycolysis and protein synthesis) except heparin. Tumor cell migration is partially inhibited by the presence of the peptide. On electron photomicrographs the peptide is seen in close apposition to cell membranes. Heparin sensitivity of the cell binding indicates that cell surface glycosaminoglycans are involved. The aggregated peptide binds heparin in a saturable manner with a dissociation constant, K(d), of 306 pmol. Cell binding/clustering studies using peptide variants of P189, which have substitutions in either the charged and/or nonpolar residues, show that the specific sequence of P189 optimizes heparin-sensitive cell aggregation. (c) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 54: 365-372, 1997.
Decay of 75Se

Abstract The gamma-ray spectrum of 75Se has been studied with a high-resolution Ge(Li) spectrometer. Intensities (indicated in parentheses) of 12 lines and the energy of three lines above 401 keV have been measured: 66.05 keV (1.64±0.05), 96.74 keV (5.33±0.16), 121.12 keV (27.8±0.8), 135.99 keV (94.9±2.0), 198.60 keV (2.28±0.05), 264.62 keV (100), 279.57 keV (43.0±0.9), 304.0 keV (2.39±0.05), 400.7 keV (22.3±0.5), 419.6±0.5 keV [(3.22±0.06) × 10−2], 572.0±0.5 keV [(6.36±0.13) × 10−2] and 617.7±0.5 keV [(7.77±0.15) × 10−3]. Total K X-ray intensity and capture branching ratios have been determined; (5.8±1.8) % of all decays are found to lead to the ground state of 75As. The K-capture probability to the 401 keV level has been measured as PK/Ptotal = 0.885±0.018, in close agreement with the theoretical value of 0.88 computed after the theory of Brysk and Rose with allowance for electron exchange according to Bahcall.
Relic density of neutralino dark matter in supergravity models

We calculate the relic density $({\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1}^{0}}{h}^{2})$ of neutralino dark matter in supergravity models with radiative electroweak symmetry breaking, for values of the Higgs sector parameter $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\equiv}{v}_{2}{/v}_{1}$ between the two infrared fixed points of the top quark Yukawa coupling, $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.8$ and $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\simeq}56$. For $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\lesssim}10$, the $\mathrm{CP}$-odd Higgs pseudoscalar ${(A}^{0})$ and the heavier $\mathrm{CP}$-even Higgs scalar ${(H}^{0})$ are much heavier than the lightest neutralino $({\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1}^{0})$, and the annihilation cross section of ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1}^{0}$ pairs is significantly enhanced only in the vicinity of the lighter $\mathrm{CP}$-even Higgs boson ${(h}^{0})$ and the $Z$ boson poles. For $\mathrm{tan}\ensuremath{\beta}\ensuremath{\gtrsim}40$, ${m}_{A}$ and ${m}_{H}$ become comparable to ${2m}_{{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1}^{0}}$, and the neutralino annihilation cross section can be significantly enhanced by the poles of the ${H}^{0}$ and the ${A}^{0}$ as well. For a cosmologically interesting relic density, $0.1\ensuremath{\lesssim}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{{\ensuremath{\chi}}_{1}^{0}}{h}^{2}\ensuremath{\lesssim}0.5$, we find that the supergravity parameter space is tightly constrained. The mass spectra for supersymmetric particles are presented for unification mass parameters in the cosmologically interesting region.
Unresolved Rayleigh target detection using monopulse measurements

When the returns from two or more targets interfere (i.e., the signals are not resolved in the frequency or time domains) in a monopulse radar system, the direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimate indicated by the monopulse ratio can wander far beyond the angular separation of the targets. Generalized maximum likelihood (GML) detection of the presence of unresolved Rayleigh targets is developed with probability density functions (pdfs) conditioned on the measured amplitude of the target echoes. The Neyman-Pearson detection algorithm uses both the in-phase and quadrature portions of the monopulse ratio and requires no a priori knowledge of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or DOA of either target. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves are given along with simulation results that illustrate the performance and application of the algorithm.
Transcription factors TFE3 and TFEB are critical for CD40 ligand expression and thymus-dependent humoral immunity.

TFE3 and TFEB are broadly expressed transcription factors related to the transcription factor Mitf. Although they have been linked to cytokine signaling pathways in nonlymphoid cells, their function in T cells is unknown. TFE3-deficient mice are phenotypically normal, whereas TFEB deficiency causes early embryonic death. We now show that combined inactivation of TFE3 and TFEB in T cells resulted in a hyper–immunoglobulin M syndrome due to impaired expression of CD40 ligand by CD4+ T cells. Native TFE3 and TFEB bound to multiple cognate sites in the promoter of the gene encoding CD40 ligand (Cd40lg), and maximum Cd40lg promoter activity and gene expression required TFE3 or TFEB. Thus, TFE3 and TFEB are direct, physiological and mutually redundant activators of Cd40lg expression in activated CD4+ T cells critical for T cell–dependent antibody responses.
The art of justice: a reply to Brunilda Pali

(2014). The art of justice: a reply to Brunilda Pali. Restorative Justice: Vol. 2, No. 1, pp. 95-102.
Simulation of a three-dimensional vortex breakdown

The breakdown of a vortex flow in a tube is studied for a slightly diverging tube by means of a numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for a quasi-stationary, incompressible, laminar flow. Numerical results are compared to experiments of Faler and Leibovich. The numerical data display features similar to the experimental results concerning breakdown conditions, location, and structure.
Tissue fixation and osmium black formation with nonvolatile octavalent osmium compounds.

Several compounds of osmiumVIII, including potassium osmiamate and coordination complexes of OsO4 with ammonia and various heterocyclic nitrogen compounds, have been synthesized and characterized. They have also been evaluated as substitutes for OsO4 in postfixation of biological specimens and in light and electron microscopic cytochemical methods resulting in osmium black formation.
Video presentation of a rock climbing robot

JPL has developed the worlds first rock climbing robot. This video presents climbing trials at vertical, overhanging, and inverted angles, and a zero-g drill for astronauts.
The role of genomic medicine in transforming healthcare

For the past thirteen years, since the first draft of the Human Genome Project was announced, hopes have been high for genomic medicine to be the promise for many health conditions from diagnosis to treatment. After the project was complete in 2003 [1], the initial examples of success did not match these high expectations. But today there is a renewed optimism in the healthcare industry. The decreased cost of whole-genome sequencing along with new advances in cognitive computing and drug discovery has created a new paradigm where genomic data will soon be combined with electronic health data. Care providers are increasingly relying on genomic data to add another level of personalization to an individual's care plan. Cognitive computing and other analytics technologies can provide for precision care where decision support enables a reliable diagnosis and care plan, along with treatment options. Although many challenges still exist, genomic medicine has now moved from a vision to reality. It exists in small, but increasing clusters across the healthcare ecosystem with examples ranging from the prediction of drug response to the diagnosis of disease, through to the identification of targeted therapies. This advance is partly due to major advances that have occurred in next-generation sequencing, genome-wide association studies and bioinformatics. In addition, our view of the human genome has expanded to a broader view of the human as an ecosystem [2]. So what is different today and what is driving this new level of optimism for the future of genomic medicine?
Development of a Hybrid Empirical-Analytical Method to Predict Adiabatic Flow Properties in Capillary Tubes

Capillary tubes have been used in household refrigerators and other cooling systems for several decades. Complicated geometry, inevitable manufacturing variations, and complex two-phase phenomena have been major prohibitory factors in the development of reliable and efficient modeling tools to analyze the flow properties inside capillary tubes. Friction factor correlations as are available in the open literature (as examined by the authors) unanimously fail to give accurate analysis of the refrigerant flow. The delicate operation of a capillary tube makes experimentation cumbersome, time and cost intensive, and prone to errors. The present study introduces a method to utilize the data from a standard Nitrogen flow test for a given capillary tube to develop a model specific to that tube which can predict the refrigerant flow properties through the tube at any desired spatial resolution, inlet state, and flow rate. Thereby, exploratory studies and capillary tube modifications for the purpose of system optimization can be greatly simplified.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Rhodium(II) acetate-catalyzed reaction of ethyl 2-diazo-3-oxopent-4-enoates: Simple routes to 4-aryl-2-hydroxy-1-naphthoates and β,β-unsaturated esters. The dianion of ethyl 4-(diethylphosphono)acetoacetate as a propionate homoenolate equivalent

Abstract Rhodium(II) acetate-catalyzed decomposition of ethyl 2-diazo-3-oxopent-4-enoates results in the formation of either 4-aryl-2-hydroxy-naphthoates or β,γ-unsaturated esters. In the latter transformation, the dianion of 4-(diethylphosphono)acetoacetate functions as a propionate homoenolate equivalent.
Beyond informed consent: Ethical and philosophical considerations in using behavior modification or play therapy in the treatment of enuresis

A therapist's search for the best treatment for an enuretic child is utilized as a microcosm for the stresses and contradictions found in our present professional/scientific clinical literature. Family therapy, play therapy and behavior modification were employed in a single case, yet the extinction of the symptoms resulted from following the child's own treatment plan. These results were explained as partly due to volitional and philosophical factors generally overlooked in the child therapy literature. The authors suggest that the best of each treatment method be amalgamated to develop future intervention strategies.
Deactivation of Cu/ZSM-5 Catalysts for Lean NOxReduction: Characterization of Changes of Cu State and Zeolite Support

The dependence of the deactivation rate of Cu/ZSM-5 lean NOxreduction catalysts on the composition of the feed was studied. No catalyst deactivation was observed in the absence of H2O at 400°C after 160 h. Catalyst deactivation was much faster if the feed contained C3H8, NO, O2, and H2O (lean NOxreduction conditions) than if one of these components was missing. Fresh and deactivated catalysts were characterized by a variety of techniques, including EPR, XRD, BET surface area measurements, IR spectroscopy, and temperature programmed reduction with H2(H2-TPR). With some techniques, the differences between fresh and deactivated catalysts were marginal, but very significant changes were observed with TPR and EPR. No gross destruction of the zeolite framework was detected by XRD or BET, even for a catalyst that was 50% deactivated. Isolated Cu2+ions, ‘Cu–O–Cu’2+oxocations and CuO particles were identified in fresh Cu/ZSM-5. In deactivated Cu/ZSM-5, the Cu species were redistributed. Besides isolated Cu2+ions (in two different coordination environments), highly dispersed Cu ions in Al2O3and a CuAl2O4compound were detected. Ion exchange of Cu2+into partially dealuminated H/ZSM-5 yielded TPR and EPR evidence strikingly similar to deactivated Cu/ZSM-5. These results suggested that the formation of proton exchange sites plays a crucial role in catalyst deactivation. In the presence of steam, it induces dealumination of the zeolite, and the copper states are irreversibly changed due to copper interacting with the alumina formed in the dealumination process.
The importance of expanding home visitation services to include strengthening family relationships for the benefit of children

Abstract Although home visiting programs effectively address risks of maltreatment related to the mother and infant through providing services such as medical care, education/vocational support, and training on positive infant parenting practices, little programmatic attention has been paid to couple relationships, father involvement, and parenting interactions in the context of new parenthood. These relationships within the family system, if not nurtured, can heighten the risks for maltreatment. Therefore, the research on the impact of these relationships for children's wellbeing are reviewed, examples of evidence-based programs to strengthen these relationships are provided, and changes to existing home visiting policies and programs to include strengthening family relationships for the benefit of children are recommended.
Stiffness of Douglas-fir lumber : effects of wood properties and genetics

Because stiffness (modulus of elasticity (MOE)) is important for structural wood products, breeders and silviculturists seek to efficiently measure and improve this trait. We studied MOE in a 25-year-old progeny test of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) using field-based tools (ST300 and HM200) to measure stress wave MOE of standing trees and logs. We measured density, static bending MOE, and transverse vibration MOE on 2 × 4s, and density, SilviScan MOE, and SilviScan microfibril angle on small clearwood samples. Bending MOE had moderate to strong phenotypic and genetic correlations with stress wave MOE of trees and logs, transverse vibration MOE of 2 × 4s, and the densities of 2 × 4s and basal wood discs but was weakly correlated with the numbers and sizes of knots. The best lumber grade had the highest bending stiffness and smallest edge knots. Bending stiffness had a strong positive correlation with the density of small clearwood samples and a moderate negative correlation with microf...
Survivin expression is associated with features of biologically aggressive prostate carcinoma.

BACKGROUND Survivin counteracts cell death and controls mitotic progression. The objectives of the current study were to compare the expression patterns of survivin in normal prostate, primary prostate carcinoma, and lymph node tissues involved with prostate carcinoma and to determine whether the expression of survivin is associated with prostate carcinoma characteristics and progression. METHODS Immunohistochemical staining for survivin and for transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) and its receptors (types I and II; TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2, respectively) was carried out on archival specimens from 114 consecutive patients who underwent radical prostatectomy (median follow-up, 64.8 months). Punch biopsies of the index carcinoma and normal tissue from each specimen were sectioned onto a single slide and stained. The authors also evaluated the expression of survivin in normal and malignant lymph node tissue from eight patients. RESULTS Survivin was expressed in 41 of 114 normal prostate specimens (36%) from prostates that contained carcinoma, in 81 of 114 primary prostate carcinoma specimens (71%), in 3of 8 normal lymphoid specimens (38%), and in 7 of 8 prostate carcinoma lymphoid specimens (88%). Survivin expression was associated with higher final Gleason sum (P = 0.001), loss of TGF-βR1 and TGF-βR2 expression (P = 0.041 and P = 0.008, respectively), and an increased risk of biochemical progression on univariate analysis (P = 0.0441). Among patients who had disease progression, survivin was expressed more commonly in those who had tumors with features of aggressive behavior. CONCLUSIONS The expression of survivin gradually increased from normal prostate tissue, to low-grade primary carcinoma, to high-grade primary carcinoma and was highest in lymph node metastases. Survivin expression was associated further with alteration of the TGF-β pathway and with overall and aggressive biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. Cancer 2004;100:751–7. © 2004 American Cancer Society.
Multicomponent Synthesis of Diverse 1,4-Benzodiazepine Scaffolds

The 1,4-benzodiazepine (BDZ) scaffold is of particular interest in drug design due to a balanced ensemble of beneficial physicochemical properties including a semirigid and compact diazepine ring with spatial placements of several substituents, combined with low number of rotatable bonds, hydrogen bond donors and acceptors, and intermediate lipophilicity. As an alternative to traditional multistep sequential syntheses, we designed routes employing one-pot MCRs to accelerate access diverse BDZ scaffolds in two or three steps.
Central neurotoxicity following intracarotid BCNU chemotherapy for malignant gliomas

Central neurotoxicity is reported in 5 of 16 patients with recently diagnosed anaplastic gliomas, who received intra-arterial BCNU (200 mg/M2/course) and also 2 in a series of 26 patients with recurrent gliomas similarly treated. Neurotoxicity was usually delayed, commencing several weeks following the second or third course. CT scans during central neurotoxicity represented 1 or more of 3 patterns: no change; increased low density area(s); and/or ipsilateral gyral enhancement and punctate calcification in the middle cerebral artery territory. In one clinicopathological correlation, coagulative necrosis of the white matter was observed, identical histologically to those changes recognized as delayed vascular events following radiotherapy. Cautious exploration of the various clinical factors that may contribute to this toxicity seems appropriate, as exploration of the potential benefits of regional chemotherapeutic infusions is undertaken.