cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Disjuncture On The Left: Proudhon, Courbet And The Antwerp Congress Of 1861

In recent years, critics have taken a renewed interest in the relationship that linked the socio-political theorist P. -J. Proudhon with the realist painter Gustave Courbet. They have considered at length how the theorist and the painter related as persons and how they collaborated and influenced each other in their work. Quite obviously, these questions are of no small importance given the prime roles Proudhon and Courbet played in the intellectual and artistic life of their times. They must also be addressed in any comprehensive assessment of the careers of either figure. Their association spanned nearly two decades, beginning most probably in the summer of 1848 and ending at Proudhon's death on 19 January 1865, and joined them both so closely in the public eye that one seemed the perfect ideological complement to the other. 'M. Courbet est le Proudhon de la peinture ... ', wrote Louis Enault in his Salon de 1851, 'M. Proudhon je voulais dire M. Courbet fait de la peinture democratique et sociale ... ' I In the following pages, we propose to take yet another look at Proudhon and Courbet's association, focusing our remarks largely on the part played by the social theorist and the painter in the art congress held in Antwerp, Belgium in August 1861. We believe that their involvement in this gathering will shed new light on the nature of the contacts they shared and the understanding they had of each other's work. But first, a succinct review of the key elements of their relationship.
Ultrasound findings in fetal congenital heart block associated with maternal anti-Ro/SSA and Anti-La/SSB antibodies.

We present the sonographic features of a second-trimester fetus diagnosed with a bradyarrhythmia at 19 weeks' gestation. The mother carried a diagnosis of Sjogren syndrome, including the presence of SSA and SSB antibodies. Ultrasound M-mode and fetal echocardiogram revealed the etiology of the bradycardia to be a complete fetal congenital heart block, likely due to transplacental passage of autoimmune anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB antibodies. Consequential to the congenital heart block, the fetus developed hydrops fetalis at 21 weeks' gestational age. We discuss the 2 major etiologies of congenital heart block and the implications in subsequent pregnancies.
Chronic bombesin treatment increased the [3H]spiperone binding, glutamate decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase activity in the rat brain

Abstract The effects of chronic bombesin (BBS) on [ 3 H]spiperone (SPD) binding activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and glutamate decar☐ylase (GAD) were investigated in the rat brain corpus striatum (CS). The chronic i.p. administration of BBS to rats increased: (1) the specific [ 3 H]SPD binding to the striatal P m (plasma membrane) 16%, P P P P 3 H]SPD binding by 29% ( P P
EVERYDAY ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS AS COMEDY & STORY:A COLLAGE

In Section I, I provide a brief historical sketch of tragedy and its relationship to Socratic philosophy and comedy. II focuses on one aspect of tragedy, namely, its view that morality transcends natural limitations. Thisunderstanding of morality is with us still. III presents the central concerns of the world religions as evidence of a widespread feeling of alienation from the sacred and the wild, and contrasts world religions with indigenous spirituality. IV moves us away from the understanding of philosophy as argument and counterargument and toward an ecosystemic, or wild, conception of philosophy as story in the mode of comedy. V offers a Buddhist understanding of tragic alienation that sees it as expressive of something deeply problematic about humans. This something is actualized throughout Western culture but seems to exist only as a potentiality in indigenous cultures. This is reason enough to take indigenous cultures and comedy seriously. VI brings us back to earth with a sketch of comedy in the lives of dear friends. VII sketches some of the attributes of functional communities that give support to comedy. I also point out a number of features of indigenous so-called worldviews that would greatly enhance the ability of comedy to displace tragedy in the West. VIII portrays picaresque comedy as exemplifying the lessons of comedy taught by wilderness. Examples from indigenous cultures of Africa and Gary Snyder's The Practice of the Wild underscore the importance of picaresque strategies and understandings of comedy. A look at Tom Birch's enigmatic statement, "wilderness treats us like human beings," setting it alongside some lines from Thoreau's Walden, rounds out my discussion of comedy. IX poses a challenge: Can we survive "The News" that pours in upon us from tragic seats of power?.
Excited states of the two-dimensional D- center in magnetic fields.

Excited states of the two-dimensional ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center (or ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion) are considered in the low-field and high-field limits. It is shown that in two dimensions there are no bound analogs of the large-radius bound excited states that spring into existence when an arbitrarily weak magnetic field is applied to a three-dimensional ${\mathrm{H}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ ion. Asymptotically exact wave functions and energies are obtained in the limit of infinite magnetic field. In that limit, only four bound states are found in two dimensions: one spin singlet (symmetric space wave function), which is the ground state, and three spin triplets (antisymmetric space wave functions). It is pointed out that even those states that are unbound have, nevertheless, discrete energy levels in two dimensions (due to the Landau quantization of the planar motion) and play an essential role in the absorption of radiation by the ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center. Connections between the two-dimensional ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ center and ${\mathit{D}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ centers in quantum wells are discussed.
Vaccine expenditure: a systematic review and new analytical approach to measurement

Abstract Background The World Health Assembly's Global Vaccine Action Plan details a number of goals to extend the benefits of immunisations to all. Accomplishing these goals will require an efficient use of funds, but currently no system exists to track expenditure on vaccines at a global level. Methods This study evaluated existing efforts at tracking immunisation expenditure along with resource monitoring schemes in other health and non-health sectors. The objective was to assess how future tracking schemes could build off existing mechanisms and whether innovative approaches developed in other fields could be applied to the area of vaccinations. We conducted a comprehensive literature review and interviews with experts in the field. Findings We found that the data produced by current reporting systems could be markedly improved in terms of accuracy, usability, and timeliness. Currently, reporting systems are evaluated by their usefulness for country-level stakeholders, but data are not subject to serious validation. Based on our discussion and the review of other tracking efforts, we developed a validation framework. Operationalisation of this framework consists of tying together three distinct resource components. First, we propose tracking data related to financing immunisations. Second, because vaccinations depend on physical commodities, such as vaccines and syringes, which are tracked well through trade and procurement databases, we propose linking the financing data to physical goods and services. Lastly, we propose triangulating these data with information on immunisation coverage as a way to verify the deployment of the resources supplied. Interpretation Current immunisation resource tracking efforts can be improved with the generation of reliable estimates on an annual basis and the deployment of a validation framework that ensures resources are used effectively to advance vaccination coverage rates. Funding This work was supported by a grant "Tracking vaccine resource flows in low and lower-middle income countries" from ISGlobal at the Barcelona Institute for Global Health. The funder had no role in writing the manuscript or the decision to submit it for publication.
Normative Cardiovascular Responses to Exercise in Children

The ‘‘typical’’ cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise in normal children and adolescents are summarized. The term ‘‘normative data’’ is somewhat of a misnomer because of variability in exercise protocols, subject populations, and measurement methodology [15]. Although pediatric cardiovascular responses to exercise are in many ways similar to those in adults, differences are found in many areas. These are noted, as are the effects of gender, ethnicity, protocol, position, and training on cardiovascular responses to dynamic exercise.
Short-term Sediment and Morphologic Response of the Middle Cuyahoga River to the Removal of the Munroe Falls Dam, Summit County, Ohio

ABSTRACT The removal of the 3.66-m-high Munroe Falls Dam from the Cuyahoga River in Summit County, Ohio, between August and October 2005, follows an accelerating trend to remove dams for the purpose of river restoration. The response of the middle reach of the Cuyahoga River to this dam removal resulted in sedimentologic, morphologic and hydrologic changes. These changes were monitored by measuring transects, discharge and velocity, and collecting bed sediment both pre-removal and post-removal. The overall change to the mean grain size of the channel-floor deposits was characterized by coarsening upstream, and fining downstream of the former dam. The greatest degree of coarsening occurred within 1,000 m upstream of the former dam site. Following dam removal, changes in channel morphology were characterized by approximately 1 m of bed aggradation downstream of the dam site. Upstream, the channel quickly incised to the pre-1817 (pre-dam) substrate within a month of dam removal. Once the pre-1817 substrate w...
The production of published research by U.S. academic health economists.

This paper investigates the research productivity of U.S. health economists, both in the past five years and over their careers to date. We examine quantity of overall publications, as well as quantity within categories of journals. We study unique data from a 2005 survey of U.S. health economists who were members of the International Health Economics Association or the Health Economics Interest Group of AcademyHealth. Basic descriptives indicate that senior health economists have considerably greater five-year research productivity than less senior researchers. Roughly a third of health economists employed in economics departments report that publishing in non-economics journals is “not recommended” for promotion and tenure. Regression models indicate that the factors associated with greater productivity include: more hours spent per week on research, experience, and type of academic unit. The findings reported here offer insight into the heterogeneity of health economists and contribute to our understanding of the productivity of academic economists more generally.
Andragogy in the information age educating the IT adult learner

Learning takes place as an act, process or experiences of gaining knowledge or skills about a topic. Androgagy has become the study of how adults learn in our modern society. This knowledge can only help the information technology educator understand their students and help assist in preparing both faculty and students for a better classroom experience. Knowles has taken some general adult learning theory and created the study of andragogy - the study of how adults learn. Knowles' theory of andragogy is his attempt to develop a theory for all adult learners. He points out that adults tend to be self-directed and expect to take responsibility for decisions. Education programs need to accommodate these fundamental aspects.Andragogy has as a main theme the model of self-directed learning. Knowles' theory states that adult learners are independent, self-directed learners and that adults expect to be held accountable for their learning. Originally Knowles defined four underlying assumptions for adult learners. This has since been changed to five underlying assumptions. These are 1) adult learners need to know the importance of a subject and its relevancy before undertaking to learn it; 2) adult learners are self-directed learners and want to be treated as capable of self-direction; 3) adult learners bring a variety of life experiences that represent the foundation for learning; 4) adult learners are ready to learn those things most relevant to their employment or personal lives; and 5) adult learners are more goal-oriented and want education to be clearly defined with achievable goals.As educators teach in the information age, adult learners play an important role in the future of education. IT educators need to learn about these adult learners, and how best to structure the classroom to allow adult learners to succeed fully.Studies in how adults learn have been carried out by Brookfield and McEvoy - for general adult learning, and Malcolm Knowles for the study of andragogy - from the Greek adult learning.Brookfield lists six principles of facilitation for adult learners. These are: 1) voluntary participation, 2) respect for participants self worth, 3) collaboration, 4) praxix, 5) critical reflection, and 6) nurture of self directed, empowered adults.McEvoy defines: adult learners 1) are not beginners, but are in a continual state of growth; 2) bring with them a package of experiences and values, each one unique; 3) come to education with intentions; 4) bring expectations about the learning process; 5) have competing interests, the realities of their lives; and 6) already have their own set patterns of learning.As IT educator, we need to be more aware of how our adult students learn, and be able to adjust our teaching styles accordingly.
A chaotic system that communicates through unlimited propagation losses and/or transmitter gain

A noise-like appearance and sensitive dependence on initial conditions render communications based on chaos secure. The sensitivity of chaotic processes to amplitude variations, however, presents synchronization problems that historically have severely limited communications distances. A chaotic communications system is presented that detects, and corrects for signal levels that deviate from the receiver optimal design values. It operates successfully with unlimited transmitter amplification and/or propagation losses, in the presence of noise. The system is described, and results shown for 80 dB loss through 20 dB gain without encountering algorithmic limits, in conjunction with 40 dB signal-to noise ratio (SNR) through 0 dB SNR.
School Functioning and Psychological Well-Being of International Baccalaureate and General Education Students A Preliminary Examination

The current study compared the school and psychological functioning of 122 gifted and high-achieving students to that of 176 general education students educated in the same school. Relative to their peers in general education, gifted and high-achieving students served in the school's International Baccalaureate (IB) program reported more positive perceptions of school climate, had higher grade point averages and academic self-efficacy, and reported less externalizing psychopathology and affiliation with negative peers. IB and general education students reported comparable levels of global life satisfaction and internalizing symptoms of psychopathology. The psychosocial adjustment of intellectually gifted students within the IB program was similar to that of their high-achieving IB peers on all indicators except satisfaction with friends. Recommendations for future research and implications for educational policy are presented.
Resource availability mediates the importance of priority effects in plant community assembly and ecosystem function

Assembly history, including the order in which species arrive into a community, can infl uence long-term community structure; however we know less about how timing of species arrival may alter assembly especially under varying resource conditions. To explore how the timing of species arrival interacts with resource availability to alter community assembly, we constructed experimental plant communities and manipulated the interval between plantings of groups of seedlings (0, 5, 10, 15 or 20 days) at low and high levels of soil nutrient supply. To see if community changes infl uenced ecosystemscale processes, we measured parameters across the plant – soil continuum (e.g. plant biomass and net ecosystem carbon dioxide exchange). We found that the timing of species arrival had a large impact on community assembly, but the size of the eff ect depended on soil fertility. As planting interval increased, plant communities diverged further from the control, but the divergence was stronger at high than at low nutrient supply. Our data suggest that at high nutrient supply, early-planted species preempted light resources more quickly, thus preventing the successful establishment of later arriving species even at short planting intervals. Finally, we found that assembly related divergence in plant communities scaled to impact ecosystem-level characteristics such as green leaf chemistry, but had little eff ect on total community biomass and net ecosystem exchange of CO 2 and water vapor. Our data indicate that the eff ect of a stochastic factor, here the timing of species arrival on community composition, depends on the resource level under which the community assembles.
Transient injury to rat lung mitochondrial DNA after exposure to hyperoxia and inhaled nitric oxide

The effect of hyperoxia alone and in combination with inhaled nitric oxide (NO) on the integrity of lung mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in vivo was evaluated in Fischer 344 rats. PCR amplification of lung mtDNA using two sets of primers spanning 10.1 kb of the mtDNA revealed that inhalation of 20 ppm of NO in conjunction with hyperoxia (>95% O2) reduced the amplification of mtDNA templates by 10 +/- 1% and 26 +/- 3% after 24 h of exposure. The ability of mtDNA to amplify was not compromised in rats exposed to 80% O2, even in the presence of 20 ppm of inhaled NO. Surprisingly, exposure to >95% O2 alone for either 24 or 48 h did not compromise the integrity of mtDNA templates compared with air-exposed controls, despite evidence of genomic DNA injury. Interestingly, inhaling NO alone for 48 h increased mtDNA amplification by 12 +/- 2% to 21 +/- 7%. Injury to the lung mtDNA after exposure to >95% O2 plus 20 ppm of NO was transient as rats allowed to recover in room air after exposure displayed increased amplification, with levels exceeding controls by 20 +/- 3% to 29 +/- 4%. Increased amplification was not due to cellular proliferation or increased mitochondrial number. Moreover, the ratio of pulmonary mtDNA to genomic DNA remained the same between treatment groups. The results indicate that hyperoxia fails to induce significant injury to mtDNA, and whereas inhalation of NO with hyperoxia results in mtDNA damage, the lesions are rapidly repaired during recovery.
West Hollywood as Symbol: The Significance of Place in the Construction of a Gay Identity:

The 1984 municipal incorporation of West Hollywood, California offers an opportunity to explore two related themes: (1) the role of place in the creation of identity generally, and (2) the role of ...
Altered activity of signaling pathways in diaphragm and tibialis anterior muscle of dystrophic mice.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a musculoskeletal disease caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene. The purpose of this study was to use the mouse model of muscular dystrophy (mdx) to determine if the progression of the dystrophic phenotype in the diaphragm (costal) versus limb skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior) is associated with specific changes in extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2), p70 S6 kinase (p70S6k), or p38 signaling pathways. The studies detected that consistent with an earlier dystrophic phenotype, phosphorylation of p70S6k is elevated by 40% in the diaphragm with no change in limb muscle. In addition, phosphorylation of p38 kinase was decreased by 33% in the mdx diaphragm muscle. Levels of ERK1/2 as well as phosphorylation states were elevated in the diaphragm and limb muscle of mdx mice compared with age-matched control muscles. These results indicate that distinct signaling pathways are differentially activated in skeletal muscle of mdx mice. The specificity of these responses, partic...
hierarchies of choice: the social construction of rank in Jane Austen

This analysis of hierarchy in the world interpreted by Jane Austen focuses on cultural principles and actors' pragmatic use of them. Austen's most highly ranked individuals are those “naturally” most “independent”: the male heads of landed families, who can make choices without deference to others. However, those who are independent have dependents—and depend on them to be able to express their own high status. Austen's novels exploit the irony of a hierarchy grounded in a concept (independence) that contains its own negation—since completely independent persons could have no connections to others. Moreover, the native understanding of rank as based on the unchanging, natural facts of birth and blood is belied by Austen's depiction of the performance of rank. Austen shows that relative status is not natural but is continually recreated through symbolic interactions. By focusing on the ongoing negotiation of status, Austen's novels suggest the ability of fictional narratives to illuminate political and social debates by exploring rather than ignoring cultural ambiguity and diversity. [ethnography and literature, social hierarchy, cultural pragmatics, exchange theory, 19th-century England]
Measurements in turbulent swirling flow through an abrupt axisymmetric expansion

Mesure a l'aide d'un anemometre laser Doppler des vitesses moyenne et quadratique moyenne dans un ecoulement d'eau
Detecting and modeling nonlinearity in the gas furnace data

Using a modification of the Hinich, J Time Ser Anal 3(3):169–176, (1982) bispectrum test for nonlinearity and Gaussianity, the residuals of the Tiao and Box, J Am Stat Assoc 76:802–816, (1981) constrained and unconstrained VAR models for the gas furnace data reject the assumption of Gaussianity and linearity over a grid of bandwidths for estimating the bispectrum. These findings call into question the specification of the linear VAR and VARMA models assumed by Tiao and Box, J Am Stat Assoc 76:802–816, (1981). Utilizing the alternative Hinich J Nonparametr Stat 6:205–221, (1996) nonlinearity test, the residuals of the VAR model were shown to exhibit episodic nonlinearity. The sensitivity of the findings to outliers is investigated by estimating and testing the residuals of L1 and MINIMAX models from 1–6 lags. Building on the linear dynamic specification, a multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) model is estimated, using two software implementations, and shown to remove the nonlinearity in the residuals. Leverage plots were used to illustrate the “cost” of imposing a linearity assumption. Out-of-sample forecasting tests from 1–6 periods ahead found that using the sum-of-squared errors criteria, the MARS model out performed ACE, GAM and projection pursuit models.
Self-Reconfigurable Analog Arrays: Off-The Shelf Adaptive Electronics for Space Applications

Development of analog electronic solutions for space avionics is expensive and lengthy. Lack of flexible analog devices, counterparts to digital Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGA), prevents analog designers from benefits of rapid prototyping. This forces them to expensive and lengthy custom design, fabrication, and qualification of application specific integrated circuits (ASIC). The limitations come from two directions: commercial Field Programmable Analog Arrays (FPAA) have limited variability in the components offered on-chip; and they are only qualified for best case scenarios for military grade (- 55C to +125C). In order to avoid huge overheads, there is a growing trend towards avoiding thermal and radiation protection by developing extreme environment electronics, which maintain correct operation while exposed to temperature extremes (- 180degC to +125degC). This paper describes a recent FPAA design, the Self-Reconfigurable Analog Array (SRAA) developed at JPL. It overcomes both limitations, offering a variety of analog cells inside the array together with the possibility of self-correction at extreme temperatures.
On learning multiple descriptions of a concept

In sparse data environments, greater classification accuracy can be achieved by learning several concept descriptions of the data and combining their classifications. Stochastic searching can be used to generate many concept descriptions (rule sets) for each class in the data. We use a tractable approximation to the optimal Bayesian method for combining classifications from such descriptions. The primary result of this paper is that multiple concept descriptions are particularly helpful in "flat" hypothesis spaces in which there are many equally good ways to grow a rule, each having similar gain. Another result is experimental evidence that learning multiple rule sets yields more accurate classifications than learning multiple rules for some domains. >
Helping the “Neediest of the Needy” An Intersectional Analysis of Moral-Identity Construction at a Community Health Clinic

Drawing on data from 18 months of participant observation and interviews at a community health clinic in North Carolina, the author illustrates how an intersectional perspective deepens our understanding of the construction of a moral identity. In this case, the author examines the moral identity of health care providers—all women—who provide family planning and contraceptive counseling for women clients. The author analyzes how maternity care coordinators—two whites and two Latinas—craft a moral identity by drawing on the cultural toolkit available to them, using gendered frames but also racial, class, and nationalist frames. An intersectional lens helps us better understand how maternity care coordinators' moral identities are shaped by their different locations within racism, classism, and nationalism.
Epoxide to olefin: a novel biotransformation in the rumen

Studies with an insect juvenile hormone mimic and the insecticide dieldrin have shown that enzymatic processes in the rumen reduce the epoxide moiety in these compounds to an olefin. This reaction is apparently microbial in origin and does not involve an observable intermediate. Epoxide reductions in the digestive tract of ruminants and possibly other mammals may be important in the detoxication of biologically active epoxides, including pesticides, alkylating agents, and carcinogens.
Selenium Influences Tissue Levels of Selenoprotein W in Sheep

Because selenium increases the levels of other selenoproteins, the influence of this element on selenoprotein W was examined in wether sheep fed either a low selenium diet (0.02 mg/kg) or the same diet supplemented with 3 mg selenium as selenite per kilogram diet. Muscle biopsies were taken initially and at 3.5, 7.0 and 10.5 wk. The sheep were killed after the last muscle biopsy and samples from nine tissues were taken. Selenoprotein W was determined in tissues by Western blots with a polyclonal antibody against a synthetic peptide based on the protein sequence of the homologous rat selenoprotein W. In supplemented sheep, muscle selenoprotein W was significantly increased over initial levels (P < 0.05) at 7 wk and afterwards, whereas in sheep consuming the low selenium diet, muscle selenoprotein W levels declined significantly (P < 0.05) after 10.5 wk. This selenoprotein was found in various amounts in all tissues examined. The highest levels of selenoprotein W were found in skeletal muscles and heart and the lowest was found in liver. Except for selenoprotein W in brain, the concentrations of selenoprotein W, selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in all tissues from supplemented sheep than in those from unsupplemented sheep. The selenoprotein W levels in brains of the two groups were not significantly different. Thus, selenoprotein W levels in all tissues of sheep except the brain are sensitive to selenium status.
A Telephone-Based Program to Provide Symptom Monitoring Alone vs Symptom Monitoring Plus Care Management for Late-Life Depression and Anxiety: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance Mental health (MH) conditions are undertreated in late life. It is important to identify treatment strategies that address variability in treatment content and delivery and take individual-specific symptoms into account, particularly among low-income, community-dwelling older adults. Objective To evaluate program feasibility and MH outcomes among community-dwelling older adults randomized to 1 of 2 treatment arms of varying intensity of evidence-based, collaborative MH care management services (ie, the Supporting Seniors Receiving Treatment and Intervention [SUSTAIN] program) that provide standardized, measurement-based, software-aided MH assessment and symptom monitoring and connection to community resources via telephone. Design, Setting, and Participants Trial participants were 1018 older, community-dwelling, low-income adults prescribed an antidepressant or anxiolytic by a primary care or non-MH professional and experiencing clinically significant MH symptoms at intake. The participant subsample was drawn from a larger parent sample of older adults enrolled in the SUSTAIN program. Individuals were randomized to receive MH symptom monitoring alone (hereafter monitoring alone) or MH symptom monitoring plus care management (hereafter care management) provided by an MH professional. Baseline characteristics were examined, and changes in clinical MH outcomes were evaluated at 3-month and 6-month follow-up. The study dates were August 5, 2010, to May 5, 2014. Interventions Monitoring alone or care management delivered by an MH professional. Main Outcomes and Measures Overall MH functioning (primary) and depressive and anxiety symptoms. Results A total of 509 participants were randomized to the monitoring alone group and 509 to the care management group; 377 and 401 completed ≥2 research assessments in the monitoring alone and case management groups, respectively. Compared with those randomized to monitoring alone, individuals randomized to care management showed greater improvements in the 3 domains of MH functioning (β [SE], 0.36 [0.12]; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.60; P = .004), depressive symptoms (β [SE], −0.20 [0.06]; 95% CI, −0.32 to −0.09; P P Conclusions and Relevance The SUSTAIN program, which provides assessment, monitoring, care management, and brief therapies for MH symptoms and needs in primary care settings, is feasible and scalable. A more intense level of care (ie, symptom monitoring plus care management) is associated with more favorable individual outcomes for low-income, community-dwelling older adults experiencing clinically significant MH symptoms. Trial Registration clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT02440594
Development of multimetric indices of biotic integrity for riverine and palustrine wetland plant communities along Southern Lake Michigan

Riverine and palustrine wetland plant communities were examined in order to propose a multimetric plant index of biotic integrity. The objectives were to determine the structural and functional attributes of these wetland plant communities, calibrate reference conditions in assessing aquatic plant communities, provide methods for further development and testing of the index, and present a case study. The index is based on a rapid assessment method using the information collected from a species list and cover estimates. Sampling was done using a modified releve sampling approach with a modified Braun-Blanquet Cover Abundance Scale Method for estimating percent cover. More than 20 characteristics of aquatic plant communities were evaluated and 12 metrics in five categories were developed. Structural metrics focused on community composition, key indicator species such as number of Carex and Potamogeton species, and guild type. Functional metrics included sensitivity and tolerance measures; percent emergent, ...
X‐Ray Methods for Investigation of Structures of Lipid Assemblies

One remarkable characteristic of lipid–water mixtures is their ability to combine in one phase a periodically ordered long-range organization in one, two, or three dimensions and a disordered short-range conformation in the unit cells. This unique property makes X-ray methods ideally suited for the structural determination of lipid assemblies. The unit cell could be a lipid bilayer or a lipidic structure that might occur during a biological process such as membrane fusion or pore formation. In this chapter, we describe methods for resolving the electron density distributions in the unit cells of various lipidic phases, including the lamellar, hexagonal, distorted hexagonal, and rhombohedral phases. The biophysical applications are to determine the structural changes caused by the inclusion of proteins to lipid bilayers. The illustrated examples include changes of the bilayer thickness, distribution of proteins or lipid components in membranes, and monolayer configurations related to membrane fusion and pore formation. The technical sections include sample preparation, diffraction geometry, data reduction, and methods for solving the phase problem, in particular a method of multiwavelength anomalous dispersion uniquely suited for solving lipidic structures. Keywords: membranes; lipid bilayers; nonlamellar lipidic structures; phase problems; multiwavelength anomalous dispersion
The Future of Banking in America - The Evolving Role of Commercial Banks in U.S. Credit Markets

How important a role do commercial banks play in funding nonfinancial borrowing? Ten years after the end of the industry's most significant crisis since the Great Depression, does banking remain a major player in financing the nation's economic activity? This paper examines the evolving role that commercial banks play in U.S. credit markets.
Expert Opinion Testimony and Scientific Evidence: Does M.C.L 600.2955 Assist the Trial Judge in Michigan Tort Cases?

Following the November 1994 General Election, the Republican controlled Michigan legislature launched several initiatives to bring about what was characterized as tort reform. These efforts were essentially an attempt to limit manufacturers' product liability exposure and to revise Michigan's No Fault Insurance law. A significant part of the legislative package created a new standard governing the admissibility of expert scientific opinion testimony applicable to all tort cases. The segment of the proposed legislation governing the admissibility of expert witness opinion testimony became Michigan Compiled Laws (hereinafter "M.C.L.") section 600.2955. Section 600.2955 created a test for the admissibility of scientific opinion testimony that closely resembles the criteria for such testimony announced by the United States Supreme Court in Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals. The article examines M.C.L. section 600.2955, its legislative history, and compares the language of the statute to the criteria set forth in Daubert. It then surveys those issues raised by the Daubert progeny and discusses whether section 600.2955, to the extent it mirrors the Daubert test, provides sufficient guidance to assist Michigan trial judges in assessing the admissibility of expert opinion testimony in tort cases. The author reaches the conclusion that section 600.2955 provides manageable criteria that may be of some assistance to Michigan's trial judges, but also carry a significant interpretive risk.
A clinical comparison of extraoral panoramic and intraoral radiographic modalities for detecting proximal caries and visualizing open posterior interproximal contacts

Objectives:The purpose of this study was to compare extraoral panoramic bitewings (BWs) to intraoral photostimulable phosphor (PSP) plate BWs for the detection of proximal surface caries and to establish if there was any difference between extraoral BWs, intraoral BWs and panoramic radiographs in visualizing open posterior interproximal contacts.Methods:Extraoral panoramic and intraoral BW images were acquired on each of 20 patients, resulting in 489 total non-restored, readable surfaces that were evaluated by 4 observers. The ANOVA analysis to determine diagnostic variability between and within each subject was utilized. The surfaces included in the study extended from the distal of each canine to the last posterior contact in each arch with non-readable proximal surfaces excluded (i.e.surfaces where over half the enamel layer was overlapped or where those surfaces were not visible in one or both modalities).Results:The statistical analysis indicated that the overall mean area under the receiver operatin...
An automated procedure for analyzing the effects of vortex-induced fin pressure on roll torque for a finned body of revolution.

In flight tests, certain finned bodies of revolution firing lateral jets experience slower spin rates than expected. The primary cause for the reduced spin rate is the interaction between the lateral jets and the freestream air flowing past the body. This interaction produces vortices that interact with the fins (Vortex-Fin Interaction (VFI)) altering the pressure distribution over the fins and creating torque that counteracts the desired spin (counter torque). The current task is to develop an automated procedure for analyzing the pressures measured at an array of points on the fin surfaces of a body tested in a production-scale wind tunnel to determine the VFI-induced roll torque and compare it to the roll torque experimentally measured with an aerodynamic balance. Basic pressure, force, and torque relationships were applied to finite elements defined by the pressure measurement locations and integrated across the fin surface. The integrated fin pressures will help assess the distinct contributions of the individual fins to the counter torque and aid in correlating the counter torque with the positions and strengths of the vortices. The methodology produced comparisons of the effects of VFI for varying flow conditions such as freestream Mach number and dynamic pressure. The results showmore » that for some cases the calculated counter torque agreed with the measured counter torque; however, the results were less consistent with increased freestream Mach numbers and dynamic pressures.« less
Challenges of a Computer Science Classroom: Initial Perspectives from Teachers

In spite of the increasing demand for professionals with computing experience in the workforce, computer science plays only a minor role in K-12 education. To meet the CS10K goal of training thousands of teachers to teach a new CS principles (CSP) course, a multi-pronged approach that targets both computer science teachers and teachers from other content areas is needed. An important step in this direction is to better understand challenges of teaching computing and how we can better support K-12 teachers. In this paper, we present results from a qualitative study that examines challenges computer science teachers face in the classroom.
Neutron Diffraction Study of Highly Radioactive U3Si2 Reactor Fuel

Neutron diffraction data were collected from a highly radioactive, low-enrichment uraniumU3Si2/A1 fuel mini-plate that had been irradiated to 42% uranium burnup. The experiment was performed using the General Purpose Powder Diffractometer at IPNS. Most prominent in the diffraction pattern were the Bragg reflections from crystalline Al (fuel plate) and V (sample container). Rietveld refinement revealed a broad oscillatory signal from the U3Si2 typical of amorphous material. This “amorphous” scattering pattern has peaks at the same positions as the amorphous scattering components observed following room temperature neutron irradiation of U3Si2 powder. The irradiated U3Si2 is amorphous with a remote possibility that it consists of recrystallized nanocrystalline particles subject to the requirements that the crystallites: (i) are no larger than 100-200 A in size, and (ii) possess a crystalline lattice which is distorted relative to the unirradiated material.
The Social Functions of Group Rituals

Convergent developments across social scientific disciplines provide evidence that ritual is a psychologically prepared, culturally inherited, behavioral trademark of our species. We draw on evidence from the anthropological and evolutionary-science literatures to offer a psychological account of the social functions of ritual for group behavior. Solving the adaptive problems associated with group living requires psychological mechanisms for identifying group members, ensuring their commitment to the group, facilitating cooperation with coalitions, and maintaining group cohesion. The intersection of these lines of inquiry yields new avenues for theory and research on the evolution and ontogeny of social group cognition.
The Role of Tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) in Trophic Factor Withdrawal-Induced Apoptosis in PC12 Cells

Apoptosis is an intrinsic death program which has been detected in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease (1, 2). In Parkinson’s disease, there is premature loss of nigrostriatal dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra. Clinical symptoms express when greater than approximately 60% of dopamine neurons in substantia nigra (SN) have degenerated (3). One of the hypotheses concerning the death of these dopamine neurons is the increase of oxidative stress due to the loss of trophic factors (4) and excess production of reactive oxygen species (5). We propose that the apoptosis triggered by trophic factor withdrawal is mediated by tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4), the cofactor of aromatic amino acid hydroxylases including tyrosine hydroxylase, tryptophan hydroxylase, and phenylalanine hydroxylase (6, 7). BH4 is also required as a cofactor for nitric oxide synthase7. The activities of tyrosine hydroxylase and nitric oxide synthase can generate reactive oxygen species, which are implicated in the cell death caused by numerous apoptotic paradigms (8).
Magnetic Susceptibility Studies of the Influences of Thermomechanical Processing and Mn Addition on Phase Stability and Precipitation in NbTi Alloys

The DC magnetic susceptibilities, χ, of series of NbTi and NbTiMn(0.5 at. %) alloys were measured using the Faraday (Curie) balance technique over the temperature range 77–300 K. The samples were measured in the conditions: (i) β-quenched (β-Q), (ii) cold worked (CW), and (iii) CW plus precipitation-heat-treated (CW+PHT). It was found that: (1) For the β-Q samples dχ/dT, which was positive within 77–300 K, increased as the Nb concentration decreased — effects that are attributable to the influences of temperature and Nb concentration, [Nb], on reversible ω-phase formation. (2) By the same token, due to its β-stabilizing effect, the addition of 0.5% Mn increased χ at 77 K. (3) The susceptibility results also showed evidence for the removal of ω phase by cold work. (4) As a result of α-phase precipitation, heat treatment substantially reduced the x of the CW+PHT samples below those of both the β-Q- and CW alloys. The [Nb] dependence of α-phase abundance, f α , was deduced from the χ data at RT where the ω-phase contribution was negligible; by comparing the [Nb] dependence of f α for the NbTi and NbTiMn alloys the β-stabilizing potency of Mn was estimated. Finally, the absence of any measurable Curie-Weiss component in the χα-phase(T) of a NbTiMn(0.5 at. %) alloy after CW+PHT indicated that the Mn content of the α-phase precipitate was negligibly small, i.e. less than about 250 ppm.
Corrosion characteristics of passivated and unpassivated Al-to-PtAg wire bonds under accelerated temperature — Humidity conditions

This paper describes the effects of an 85°C/ 85% RH environment on the bond strength of passivated and unpassivated aluminum wire bonds in contact with thick film platinum-silver metallization in a non-hermetic package. An RTV silicone junction coating material and a ceramic cover coated with a single component epoxy resin powder were used singly and in combination to protect the wire bonds. Test samples were exposed to the 85°C/85%RH environment for a total period of 168 hours. Bonds were destructively pull tested at the end of 24, 96 and 168 hours. Selected samples were also examined with an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was observed that the unencapsulated wire bonds suffered extensive galvanic corrosion at the Al-to-PtAg interface after 24 hours of exposure. The encapsulated bonds had no visible corrosion at the bond sites and retained more than 80% of the initial bond strength even after 168 hours of exposure.
Home automation and personalization through individual location determination

The focus of this project is to develop a prototype to demonstrate the utility of individualized location determination for home automation. While current home automation systems provide localization at a GPS level, they do not identify users' locations within a building. The smart home technology market is growing rapidly and this feature can differentiate a product line by adding unique capabilities for the consumer.
Advances in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery

Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has been widely accepted as a standard approach for early stage non-small cell lung cancer resection, along with increased application for more complex tumor pathology. With advancing techniques and technology, more complex cases are being performed with acceptable results. We reviewed recent advances in how VATS techniques are increasingly being used to successfully and safely replicate open thoracic surgical procedures. We reviewed current literature on VATS for complex cases. VATS is feasible and can be safely performed for complex cases in experienced hands. Further prospective studies are needed to validate its utility for complex cases.
Keynote We-K: Microscale light emitting diodes: From information display to discovery tools in neuroscience

Recent advances in materials science and engineering provide means for constructing high-performance light emitting diodes with unusual sizes, shapes and forms and with efficient operation throughout the infrared, visible and ultraviolet. When combined with high-speed assembly techniques, microscale devices of this type can be configured onto ultrathin polymer filaments for injection into biological tissues, onto elastomeric substrates for use in skin-conformal health diagnostics, and into large-scale sparse arrays for high-speed displays with unmatched brightness, contrast, switching speeds and power efficiency. This talk summarizes the foundational scientific concepts and the engineering designs for these and other applications.
The Impact of Comorbid Cannabis and Alcohol Use Disorders on the Functioning of College Students with Psychiatric Disorders

The objective of this study is to investigate the prevalence of substance use disorder among college youth receiving treatment for psychiatric illness and the impact of this comorbidity on educational disruption and functional outcomes. 113 college students treated at a hospital-based outpatient psychiatric program in Rhode Island from July 2012 to July 2013. Chart reviews yielded demographic information, psychiatric diagnoses, Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scores at initial evaluation, and occurrence of medical leave. Rates of medical leave and significant impairment (GAF ≤ 60) in participants with and without substance use disorders were analyzed with odds ratios adjusting for age and gender. Cannabis use (23.9%) and alcohol use (17.7%) disorders were significantly associated with lower GAF scores and medical leave for psychiatric illness. These associations were greater for cannabis use disorder. College students in psychiatric care could benefit from improved screening and treatment for both alcohol and cannabis use disorders.