cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Bulk chemicals from biomass in the EC: Feasibility and potential outlets

Abstract In this paper strategies are presented concerning the use of biomass as an alternative feedstock for the chemical industry. Using a systems analytical approach, an attempt is made to calculate the feasibility of a number of potential conversion processes and to quantify the potential outlets for glucose under different assumptions of technology and price relationships between inputs and outputs. The model presented in the paper allows for an evaluation of different technology-price scenarios and for a sensitivity analysis of the parameters included in the model. It is concluded that with present technologies, biomass could only play an important role in the production of bulk chemicals in the EC if significant governmental subsidies were available or if high oil prices and/or extremely low glucose prices are introduced. For the EC, the ECU/US$ exchange rate is also a major determinating factor.
A MODEL FOR ANALYSIS OF ARBITRARY COMPOSITE AND POROUS MICROSTRUCTURES WITH VORONOI CELL FINITE ELEMENTS

The Voronoi Cell Finite Element Model (VCFEM) has been successfully developed for materials with arbitrary microstructural distribution. In this method, the finite element mesh evolves naturally by Dirichlet Tessellation of the microstructure. Composite VCFEM for small deformation plasticity has been developed by expressing the element stresses in terms of polynomial expansions of location co-ordinates. Though this works well for discrete composites with inclusions, its effectiveness diminishes sharply for porous materials with voids. The effect worsens sharply with voids of arbitrary shapes. To overcome this limitation, a new way of defining stress functions is introduced in this paper. Based on a transformation method similar to the Schwarz–Christoffel conformal mapping, it introduces reciprocal stress functions that are derived to incorporate shape effects. Several numerical experiments are conducted to establish the strength of this formulation. The effect of various microstructural morphologies on the overall response and local variables are studied.
Premixed flame propagation in a high-intensity, large-scale vortical flow

The propagation of a premixed flame through a large-scale vortical flow field is studied numerically by solving a front propagation equation governing the evolution of a scalar field whose zero-level surface defines the location of a self-propagating interface. The flame front is considered to propagate normal to itself with a constant speed, and the density variation across the flame is considered to be zero. Average burning rates are calculated for large velocity fluctuation intensities, as the formulation allows naturally for the formation of pockets of unburned gas downstream from the reaction front. The propagation rate of the corrugated flame front is found to vary periodically with time, with an average that varies linearly with velocity fluctuation intensity at large intensities. A mechanism is identified for the decreasing sensitivity of the average burning rate to increases in the fluctuation intensity, over an intermediate range of intensities, in the zero-viscosity limit.
Views of Self, Family Background, and School: Interviews with Artistically Talented Students:

Twenty IU Summer Arts Institute students, ages 13 through 17, were interviewed to learn more about their perceptions of their early art talent, adult and peer encouragement, position in their families, future expectations, interest in drawing, living environments, familiarity with artists, schooling, and art ability. Results of these interviews were compared with findings by Getzels and Csikszentmihalyi, Bloom, Chetelat, Taylor, and Guskin, Zimmerman, Okolo, and Peng. Similarities and differences were found between results of this study and findings by these researchers.
Combined cell surface antigens and chromosomal studies in bladder cancer.

Abstract The conventional histopathologic examination of a primary tumor does not predict the potentiality for invasiveness and recurrence of a superficial low-grade transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. We have utilized combined cell surface antigens and chromosomal analysis to predict the natural history of the bladder cancer in 20 patients in a double blind study. In this preliminary report it appears that both cell surface antigens and chromosomal abnormalities correlate' well with the stages and grades of bladder cancer.
Buccal delivery of progestational steroids: I. Characterization of barrier properties and effect of penetrant hydrophilicity

Abstract In an attempt to characterize the barrier functions of buccal mucosa, a series of systematic studies were performed, using the rabbit as the animal model. The model penetrants used in these studies were progesterone, a lipophilic compound, and the hydroxy derivatives of progesterone, which have approximately similar molecular weights but differ in their hydrophilicity, to study the effect of a systematic variation in lipophilicity on the kinetics and rate of permeation across the rabbit buccal mucosa. The results indicated that transbuccal permeation occurs via both a lipoidal pathway and an aqueous-pore pathway. The mucosal permeability and partition coefficient are both governed by the degree of hydrophilicity, and are increased with removal of the lipid domain from the mucosal membrane.
An Isotopically Tagged Azobenzene‐Based Cleavable Linker for Quantitative Proteomics

Putting a number on it: Cleavable linkers are widely utilized in proteomics applications. In particular, the azobenzene-based linker cleaves under mild conditions that are mass-spectrometry-compatible. Here, we adapt this linker for quantitative proteomic applications by incorporating an isotopic label. These light- and heavy-tagged linkers enable the identification and quantitation of labeled peptides from multiple proteomes.
Distractor clustering enhances detection speed and accuracy during selective listening.

The effects of distractor clustering on target detection were examined in two experiments in which subjects attended to binaural tone bursts of one frequency while ignoring distracting tones of two competing frequencies. The subjects pressed a button in response to occasional target tones of longer duration (Experiment 1) or increased loudness (Experiment 2). In evenly spaced conditions, attended and distractor frequencies differed by 6 and 12 semitones, respectively (e.g., 2096-Hz targets vs. 1482- and 1048-Hz distractors). In clustered conditions, distractor frequencies were grouped; attended tones differed from the distractors by 6 and 7 semitones, respectively (e.g., 2096-Hz targets vs. 1482- and 1400-Hz distractors). The tones were presented in randomized sequences at fixed or random stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs). In both experiments, clustering of the unattended frequencies improved the detectability of targets and speeded target reaction times, Similar effects were found at fixed and variable SO As. Results from the analysis of stimulus sequence suggest that clustering improved performance primarily by reducing the interference caused by distractors that immediately preceded the target.
Characterization and Abatement of the Reassociation Overhead in Vehicle to Roadside Networks

Mobility in vehicular networks naturally leads frequent handoffs and reassociations between the vehicles and roadside access points. The overhead due to these reassociation comes in the form of the bandwidth and delays associated with the handoff related packets that are exchanged between a vehicles and the access point. This paper derives an information theoretic lower bound on the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer overhead associated with reassociations caused due to node mobility. An efficient MAC protocol is then proposed that reduces the handoff delays. Simulations are used to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed protocol in terms of the throughput and packet latency.
Blunted pressor and intramuscular metabolic responses to voluntary isometric exercise in multiple sclerosis.

To test the hypothesis that a lower mean arterial pressure (MAP) response during voluntary isometric exercise in multiple sclerosis (MS) is related to a dampened muscle metabolic signal, 9 MS and 1...
Utility Maximization with Discretionary Stopping

Utility maximization problems of mixed optimal stopping/control type are considered, which can be solved by reduction to a family of related pure optimal stopping problems. Sufficient conditions for the existence of optimal strategies are provided in the context of continuous-time, Ito process models for complete markets. The mathematical tools used are those of optimal stopping theory, continuous-time martingales, convex analysis, and duality theory. Several examples are solved explicitly, including one which demonstrates that optimal strategies need not always exist.
Avoidance of Cyclosporine in Renal Transplantation Effects of Daclizumab, Mycophenolate Mofetil, and Steroids

Abstract . Cyclosporine (CsA) has been implicated in both acute and chronic graft dysfunction. The addition of humanized IL-2 receptor antibody daclizumab (DZB) to CsA-based immunosuppression decreases the rate of acute renal transplant rejection. Therefore, 45 patients were evaluated in an immunosuppressive protocol that included DZB, mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), and steroids without CsA. This was a prospective, nonrandomized, open-label trial of the efficacy and safety of the treatment. DZB was given intravenously at 2 mg/kg before transplantation and then at 1 mg/kg every 2 wk for four doses, MMF was given orally at 3 g/d, and methylprednisolone/prednisone was given at 7 mg/kg per day and tapered to 15 mg/d at 6 mo. CsA was added to the regimen when patients developed acute rejection episodes or adverse effects to steroids or MMF; 49% of patients were spared CsA maintenance. Patients without CsA had lower serum creatinine at 6 mo and needed fewer medications to control BP. Incidence of biopsyproven rejections was 31% and occurred early (median, 10 d). These rejection episodes occurred earlier in cadaver transplants (median, 7 d) and later in living donor transplants (median, 62 days). Acute rejections occurred at a higher frequency (46% versus 34%) and earlier (6.5 versus 15 d) in patients with delayed graft function compared with patients without delayed graft function. Most of the rejections were moderate and easily reversible. The actuarial 1-yr graft survival was 95% with 100% patient survival.
Smooth inversion of induction logs for conductivity models with mud filtrate invasion

A robust, efficient method of inversion of induction logging data for smooth 2-D models, appropriate to an environment in which mud filtrate invades flat-lying layers, is described. An infinite number of solutions exist to the problem of determining a conductivity structure from a finite number of imprecise induction data. Therefore, the inverse problem is regularized such that the smoothest model is sought subject to the condition that the resulting computed log agrees with the field log to a given preset level. At each iteration, the Jacobian sensitivities are approximated using the distorted Born approximation. In most cases, the algorithm converges in 3 to 4 iterations. The resulting maximally smooth models reflect the resolution power of the induction data and are unlikely to result in overinterpretation of the data. Inversion of both synthetic and field data indicates that layer boundaries are well resolved but radial boundaries are poorly resolved by conventional induction logging data.
Ensuring that we promote participation in health for everyone.

We share Williamson's (2014) view that promoting active lay participation in health is critically important and that more work is needed to develop an ethical framework adequate for both justifying...
Effect of allyl isothiocyanate on antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoids and post-harvest fruit quality of blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L., cv. Duke)

The effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) on antioxidant enzyme activities, flavonoid content, and fruit quality of blueberries var. Duke (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was evaluated. Results from this study showed that AITC was effective in maintaining higher amounts of sugars and lower organic acids compared to untreated fruit during storage at 10 °C. However, AITC reduced antioxidant enzyme activities [superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (G-POD), glutathione-peroxidase (GSH-POD), ascorbate peroxidase (AsA-POD), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) and glutathione reductase (GR)] and non-enzyme components, ascorbate (AsA) and glutathione (GSH). AITC treatments also reduced the amount of phenolic acids (chlorogenic acid, myricetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-galactoside, quercetin 3-arabinoside, and kaempferol 3-glucoside) and anthocyanins (delphinidin 3-galactoside, delphinidon 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-arabinoside, petunidin 3-galactoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-arabinoside, malvidin 3-galactoside, and malvidin 3-arabinoside) during storage at 10 °C. The results from this study indicate that AITC does not promote antioxidant property or scavenge constitutive reactive oxygen species (ROS), but maintain blueberry fruit quality through other mechanisms.
The Death of Don Pedro: Insecurity and Cultural Continuity in Peacetime Guatemala

Abstracto: Con enfoque en El Baile de los Monos, el baile-drama mas popular y duradero que se realiza en el pueblo de Momostenango en los Altos Occidentales Mayas de Guatemala, examinamos como la violencia epidemica que ha matado al lider espiritual del baile se ha combinado con la inseguridad economica que ahuyenta a la juventud Momosteca, quienes salen en busqueda de un futuro economico, para amenazar el papel del baile como asilo cultural para los bailarines y para la comunidad. La amenaza hacia el Baile de los Monos es, en si, emblematico de la amenaza neoliberal a la cultura Maya en Guatemala; mas sin embargo la resistencia de los bailarines y su respaldo continuo en el sistema religioso tradicional entre tantas inseguridades enfrentadas paradojicamente brinda una esperanza perdurable. Esta continuidad indica la flexibilidad y plasticidad de la cosmovision tradicional Maya. Pero tambien revela los efectos desnivelados del neoliberalismo en los Altos de Guatemala
Understanding Coating and Substrate Heterogeneities using Electrochemical Impedance Methods

This study examines natural breakdown events on organic coated AA 2024-T3 coated using Local Electrochemical Impedance (LEI) mapping (M) and spectroscopy (S). LEIM was able to identify not only different types of defects on this system, but also provided information about the kinetics and stages of development of these defects. Supportive evidence regarding the impedance characteristics of these defects was provided by Capillary Electrophoresis (CE). Data from early stages of defect development indicate that an increased impedance develops at the site. This is related to either the development of aggregated water or electrolyte, as well as corrosion product development. Direct evidence of defect healing is also provided.
Brownfields and Red Ink: The Costs of Contaminated (and Idle) Land

Land contamination imposes a wide variety of different types of financial, environmental, and social costs, some of which may be experienced by individuals and organizations located far from any brownfield sites. The better these diverse costs are understood and recognized, the more prepared public sector managers will be to make choices about economic development efforts and other subsidies that may minimize them. This article examines two distinct sets of costs, which need to be compared with respect to how they accrue to the citizens of different political units so that decision makers can determine their most appropriate courses of action: (1) status quo costs& mdash; those associated with not mitigating and redeveloping brownfields, including lost real estate and business tax revenues, decreasing densities and their costs, and the public health and pollution mitigation costs associated with ignoring sources of contamination; and (2) mitigation costs — those associated with redevelopment efforts, including site assessments, actual mitigations, redevelopment, and possible post–remediation monitoring and maintenance. In both instances, I disaggregate costs and point to some of the less direct impacts and spillover effects that need to be considered. I then consider the parties that may be likely to bear these economic burdens — and highlight the fact that even urban brownfields are not exclusively a “city problem.” I conclude with evidence from the public record on the efficiency of brownfield subsidies, and review the economic rationale for public sector brownfield programs as a key element of economic development efforts.
Vascular targeted endoradiotherapy of tumors using alpha-particle-emitting compounds: theoretical analysis.

Abstract Purpose: To establish the theoretical framework and study the feasibility of 211 At-labeled anti-tenascin chimeric 81C6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) as anti-vascular endoradiotherapy for the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. Methods and Materials: The morphology of blood vessels from histologic images was analyzed and used along with reaction-diffusion equations to assess the activity concentration of 211 At-labeled chimeric 81C6 mAb in GBM tumor and normal-brain tissue. Alpha particle microdosimetry was then used to assess the survival probability and average absorbed dose for tumor and normal tissue endothelial cells (ECs) per unit vascular cumulated activity concentration q source (MBq-s g −1 ). In turn, these survival probabilities were used to assess the probability of failure Φ for a single vessel. Furthermore, using the vessel density, the specific tumor control probability per unit mass of tumor tissue ( tcp ) and the specific normal-tissue complication probability per unit mass of normal-brain tissue ( ntcp ) were estimated. The specific tumor control probability, tcp , was used to assess the overall tumor control probability ( TCP ) as a function of tumor mass. Results: The levels of 211 At-labeled ch81C6 mAb cumulated activity concentration in GBM tumor tissue were approximately five times higher than that in normal-brain tissue. Thus, the average absorbed dose to tumor ECs was higher than that of normal tissue ECs, and the survival probability for GBM ECs was lower than for normal-brain tissue ECs. Consequently, the resulting vessel-failure probability, Φ, for GBM tumor and for normal-brain tissue differ considerably, yielding a q source range between 10 3 and 10 4 MBq-s g −1 . Conclusions: This theoretical analysis demonstrated that 211 At-labeled chimeric 81C6 is an effective anti-vascular therapy for the treatment of GBM tumors, yielding a tcp higher than 0.999 for vascular cumulated activity concentrations q source higher than 1 × 10 4 MBq-s g −1 , while yielding a low probability for normal-brain tissue damage.
Depression and reversible dementia in an HIV-1 seropositive individual: Implications for the dementia syndrome of depression

Abstract Neuropsychological test results for an human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) seropositive patient who experienced two episodes of depression with associated compromise of Cognitive function during each of the two periods of depression and following treatment for the depression are presented. The patient recovered between episodes and was tested after recovery from each episode. Results demonstrate that executive functions were disproportionately affected during depressive episodes.
Measuring the worthiness of situation assessment

Situation Assessment (SA) modeling has many instances of development, but there has yet to be a comprehensive set of metrics used for performance evaluation. The amount of data being presented and displayed to the analyst is overwhelming — to a point that in many cases they are missing the salient or key activities of interest (AOI). Analysts are spending the majority of their time filtering through the data rather than performing analysis. To aid the user (high-level information fusion), we explore the nature of how we can rank various activities based on their impact and threat. We develop a information fusion SA reference model over SA metrics of confidence (precision, recall), accuracy, activities of interest, timeliness and throughput to determine the intent and assessment of situation activities.
The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Citrus sinensis(L.) Osbeck var 'Ridge Pineapple': organization and phylogenetic relationships to other angiosperms

The production of Citrus, the largest fruit crop of international economic value, has recently been imperiled due to the introduction of the bacterial disease Citrus canker. No significant improvements have been made to combat this disease by plant breeding and nuclear transgenic approaches. Chloroplast genetic engineering has a number of advantages over nuclear transformation; it not only increases transgene expression but also facilitates transgene containment, which is one of the major impediments for development of transgenic trees. We have sequenced the Citrus chloroplast genome to facilitate genetic improvement of this crop and to assess phylogenetic relationships among major lineages of angiosperms. The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Citrus sinensis is 160,129 bp in length, and contains 133 genes (89 protein-coding, 4 rRNAs and 30 distinct tRNAs). Genome organization is very similar to the inferred ancestral angiosperm chloroplast genome. However, in Citrus the infA gene is absent. The inverted repeat region has expanded to duplicate rps19 and the first 84 amino acids of rpl22. The rpl22 gene in the IRb region has a nonsense mutation resulting in 9 stop codons. This was confirmed by PCR amplification and sequencing using primers that flank the IR/LSC boundaries. Repeat analysis identified 29 direct and inverted repeats 30 bp or longer with a sequence identity ≥ 90%. Comparison of protein-coding sequences with expressed sequence tags revealed six putative RNA edits, five of which resulted in non-synonymous modifications in petL, psbH, ycf2 and ndhA. Phylogenetic analyses using maximum parsimony (MP) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods of a dataset composed of 61 protein-coding genes for 30 taxa provide strong support for the monophyly of several major clades of angiosperms, including monocots, eudicots, rosids and asterids. The MP and ML trees are incongruent in three areas: the position of Amborella and Nymphaeales, relationship of the magnoliid genus Calycanthus, and the monophyly of the eurosid I clade. Both MP and ML trees provide strong support for the monophyly of eurosids II and for the placement of Citrus (Sapindales) sister to a clade including the Malvales/Brassicales. This is the first complete chloroplast genome sequence for a member of the Rutaceae and Sapindales. Expansion of the inverted repeat region to include rps19 and part of rpl22 and presence of two truncated copies of rpl22 is unusual among sequenced chloroplast genomes. Availability of a complete Citrus chloroplast genome sequence provides valuable information on intergenic spacer regions and endogenous regulatory sequences for chloroplast genetic engineering. Phylogenetic analyses resolve relationships among several major clades of angiosperms and provide strong support for the monophyly of the eurosid II clade and the position of the Sapindales sister to the Brassicales/Malvales.
Femtosecond non-degenerate pump-probe measurements of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) within an ordered array of nanosize silica spheres

We present preliminary lifetime data of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) grown within the voids of an ordered array of silica spheres. Non-degenerate pump-probe measurements with /spl lambda//sub pump/ = 400 nm and /spl lambda//sub probe/ = 800 run indicate a decay of 319 /spl plusmn/ 25 fs.
Robust Feature Tracking in Image Sequences using View Geometric Constraints

Interest point tracking across a sequence of images is a fundamental technique for determining scene motion characteristics. Traditionally, feature tracking has been performed with a variety of appearance-based comparison methods. The most common methods analyze intensity values of local pixels and subsequently attempt to match them to the most similar region in the following frame. This standard, though sometimes effective, lacks versatility. For example, these methods are easily confused by shadows, patterns, feature occlusion, and a variety of other appearance-based anomalies. To counteract the issues presented by a one-sided approach, a new method has been developed to take advantage of both appearance and geometric constraints in a complementary fashion. Using an iterative scheme, camera parameters are computed at each new frame and used to project a derived shape to new point coordinates. This process is repeated for each new frame until a trajectory is created for the entire video sequence. With this method, weight can be allocated as desired between both appearance and geometric constraints. If an issue arises with one constraint (e.g., occlusion or rapid camera movement), the other constraint will continue to track the feature successfully. Experimental results have shown that this method is robust to tracking challenges such as occlusion, shadows, and repeating patterns, while also outperforming appearance-based methods in tracking quality.
An impending platinum crisis and its implications for the future of the automobile

The global demand for platinum has consistently outgrown supply in the past decade. This trend likely will continue and the imbalance may possibly escalate into a crisis. Platinum plays pivotal roles in both conventional automobile emissions control and the envisioned hydrogen economy. A platinum crisis would have profound implications on energy and environment. On the one hand, inadequate platinum supply will prevent widespread commercialization of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles. On the other hand, expensive platinum may enhance the competitiveness of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery-powered electric cars. Policymakers should weigh the potential impacts of a platinum crisis in energy policy.
Music education and human flourishing: a meditation on democratic origins

This philosophical essay is a meditation on the multiple and contested meanings of the concept of democracy with the aim of redirecting dominant discourses in music education practices and building new capacities for democracy’s practical use in music classrooms. Inspired by philosopher John Dewey’s travels to China, and his influence on major Chinese thinkers like Hu Shih and Tao Xingzhi, the author plays with the etymological origins of the term ‘democracy’, finding limited value in its Greek origins, but inspiration in the many ways of referring to democracy in Chinese [Minzhu: / Pingmin: /S humin: /M inben: ]e ach of which has the potential to direct and enlarge contemporary instructional practices in formal music education settings.
High-Q microsphere biosensor - analysis for adsorption of rodlike bacteria.

Theory is developed for frequency shift and linewidth-broadening induced by rodlike bacteria bound to micro-optical resonators. Optical shift of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) is modeled by introducing a form factor that accounts for random horizontal orientation of cylindrical bacteria bound by their high refractive index cell walls. Linewidth-broadening is estimated from scattering losses. Analytic results are confirmed by measurement using E.Coli as model system (~102 bacteria/mm2 sensitivity), establishing the WGM biosensor as sensitive technique for detection and analysis of micro-organisms.
Reasoning Maps: a generally applicable method for characterizing hypothesis-testing behaviour

This paper presents a generally applicable method for characterizing subjects’ hypothesis-testing behaviour based on a synthesis that extends on previous work. Beginning with a transcript of subjects’ speech and videotape of their actions, a Reasoning Map is created that depicts the flow of their hypotheses, tests, predictions, results, and conclusions. The methods are described and then applied to a group of three undergraduate biology students testing hypothesis in an inquiry-based laboratory exercise, the Red and White Yeast Lab. Analysis of hypothesis-testing behaviour via Reasoning Maps reveals most of the features explored in previous studies in a unified context. In addition, Reasoning Maps allow analysis of higher-order patterns in hypothesis testing that are not possible using existing methods. We have designed these methods so that they will provide a common language for analysing and understanding hypothesis testing that will allow global comparisons of behaviour.
Optimal power transformation via inverse response plots

We present a new Stata command, irp, that generates the inverse response plot (Cook and Weisberg, 1994, Biometrika 81: 731-737) of a response on its predictors. Using the inverse response plot, an appropriate scaled power transformation for the positive response variable can be found so that the trans- formed response mean is linear in the predictors. The optimal transformation is displayed in the plot, as are user-specified guesses. By using the graphical display, the user may determine whether an appropriate transformation exists as well as determine its value. We demonstrate the irp command using both a generated and a real example.
Destabilization of epidemic models with the inclusion of realistic distributions of infectious periods.

Most mathematical models used to understand the dynamical patterns seen in the incidence of childhood viral diseases, such as measles, employ a simple, but epidemiologically unrealistic, description of the infection and recovery process. The inclusion of more realistic descriptions of the recovery process is shown to cause a significant destabilization of the model. When there is seasonal variation in disease transmission this destabilization leads to the appearance of complex dynamical patterns with much lower levels of seasonality than previously predicted. More generally, this study illustrates how detailed dynamical properties of a model may depend in an important way on the assumptions made in the formulation of the model.
Effect of LEED Ratings and Levels on Office Property Assessed and Market Values

This study examines the effect of Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) ratings and certification levels on Assessed (AV) and Market Values (MV), while controlling for a property's characteristics and its location. The overall dataset was developed by combining information from CoStar Group, U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), and local Assessors/Treasurer. The results indicate that ENERGY STAR designation increases AV and MV substantially. The effect of LEED rating/level on both of these values (AV and MV) can be differentiated based on the level of geographic aggregation. LEED-Existing Building (EB) designation at the Gold level has a strong positive effect on AV, while LEED-EB at the Silver level has a similar effect on both AV and MV. This effect is absent among all LEED-EBs, when controlling only for MSAs. LEED-New Construction at the Gold level has a strong positive effect on MV, while LEED-Core & Shell at the Gold and Silver levels almost doubles that effect on AV, when controlling ...
Energy Optimization for Solar‐Powered Aircraft

In recent years, there has been great deal of interest in exploration of alternative fuels, other than Jet fuel for aircraft propulsion in order to reduce the Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. For commercial transport as well as military aircraft, there has been a great deal of emphasis on “Biofuels” that behave like “drop-in fuel” but generate less CO2 and NOx emissions and therefore are more environmentally friendly. However, for small unmanned air vehicle (UAV) or low-speed personal transportation aircraft, there have been many attempts toward building an all-electric or solar airplane whose wings could possibly be covered with photovoltaic panels to harness sun's energy for propulsion. Most notably the success of “Solar Impulse” has attracted the attention of general public as well as small aircraft enthusiasts. This chapter provides a brief history of solar-powered aircraft with primary focus on the airfoil/wing design for optimal utilization of solar energy for powering a solar airplane. The analysis of incidence of solar radiation over an airfoil/wing of an airplane is presented along with a complete model for computing the total solar radiation incident on the airfoil during a cruise flight using the solar tracking equations and geodesy for path creation. The model is based on discretization of both the airfoil and the path. It is demonstrated that a genetic algorithm with migration can be easily employed to optimize the PV panels covered airfoil/wing shape for optimal utilization of solar energy. The energy storage in batteries/fuel cells during the day for usage in the night time flight is not discussed. Keywords: airfoil shape optimization; energy optimization; genetic algorithm; green aviation; incidence solar radiation; path equation; solar-powered aircraft
Lemur coronatus (Crowned lemur)

Lymphocyte cultures of three animals (2.1) at San Diego Zoo were employed. The chromosomes of the male are G-banded. All metaphases of the female had one abnormal pair, here shown as #12. In neither males nor in Rumpler’s experience is this a metacentric pair. The phenotype of the chromosomally aberrant female is normal.
Ifenprodil treatment is associated with a down-regulation of brain aquaporin 4 following cardiac arrest in rats.

Objectives Ifenprodil, a NMDA receptor polyamine site antagonist, reduces experimental cardiac arrest (CA)-elicited brain edema, which is associated with an up-regulation of aquaporin 4 (AQP4), a brain water-selective channel. However, the interacting roles of NMDA receptors and AQP4 in CA-elicited brain edema are unknown. The objective of this study was to test our hypothesis that ifenprodil treatment is associated with a down-regulation of brain AQP4.
Co-sites: the autonomous distributed dataflows in collaborative scientific discovery

Online "big data" processing applications have seen increasing importance in the high performance computing domain, including online analytics of large volumes of data output by various scientific applications.This work contributes to answering the question of how to promote efficient collaborative science in face of unpredictable analytics workloads and dynamics in available resources? It proposes the Co-Sites solution employing online resource management at the sites participating online collaboration, including geographically distributed sites that may spread across large distances. Co-Sites operates by each site observing its local progress and making its own decisions to better utilize local resources and to maintain acceptable rates of global progress. Co-Sites further enriches such distributed data flows to permit just-in-time data sharing to better leverage collaborators' diverse domain expertise.Experiments with a combustion workflow demonstrate the Co-Sites solution with (i) improved end-to-end completion times, (ii) good scalability, and (iii) with good data sharing latencies.
Strength of Single-Story Steel Frames

The strength of single-story, pinned-base rigid steel frames subjected to vertical and horizontal loads is developed. Interaction curves between the axial load and the horizontal load are developed for a column L/r = 40. Inelastic behavior and residual stresses are considered. Equilibrium of the deflected structure is considered so that the P-Δ effect (the additional moments caused by the deflection at the column tops and the axial load in the columns) is investigated. The structural behavior of the structure is examined. The results of the analysis are compared with the 1961 and 1963 AISC Specifications, and a simple plastic analysis performed on the deflected structure. The effect of variation of column slenderness ratios is also evaluated.
Convolutional networks for fast, energy-efficient neuromorphic computing

Deep networks are now able to achieve human-level performance on a broad spectrum of recognition tasks. Independently, neuromorphic computing has now demonstrated unprecedented energy-efficiency through a new chip architecture based on spiking neurons, low precision synapses, and a scalable communication network. Here, we demonstrate that neuromorphic computing, despite its novel architectural primitives, can implement deep convolution networks that (i) approach state-of-the-art classification accuracy across eight standard datasets encompassing vision and speech, (ii) perform inference while preserving the hardware’s underlying energy-efficiency and high throughput, running on the aforementioned datasets at between 1,200 and 2,600 frames/s and using between 25 and 275 mW (effectively >6,000 frames/s per Watt), and (iii) can be specified and trained using backpropagation with the same ease-of-use as contemporary deep learning. This approach allows the algorithmic power of deep learning to be merged with the efficiency of neuromorphic processors, bringing the promise of embedded, intelligent, brain-inspired computing one step closer.
The Italo-American Anti-Fascist Opposition

W HEN the French historian Henri Michel accused America of perpetuating a "systematic ignorance" of the World War II resistance movements, he echoed not only a widespread resentment on the continent but also betrayed a touch of European ethnocentrism.' To most Americans, it is true, the war against fascism began only after December 7, 1941, and then quickly took on a technological image of massive American industrial might liberating Europe from totalitarianism, of General Motors triumphing over Krupp and Messerschmitt. To Frenchmen, the struggle began on June 18, 1940, when Charles de Gaulle made his famous radio appeal from London and coined the inspirational watchword "resistance"; to Italians, as early as 1924, when Benito Mussolini's enemies formed the Aventine Opposition. Looking upon the resistance as a moral act of noble vision, it is understandable why Europeans were bewildered by America's cavalier indifference. The purpose of this essay is not to apologize for America's ignorance of this heroic epic of human courage but rather to suggest, to continental as well as to American scholars, that the resistance cannot be strictly regarded as a unique European phenomenon. For America produced, thanks to the efforts of Italo-American labor leaders, radical partisans, and a few liberal intellectuals, one of the first anti-Fascist campaigns in the western world. American opposition originated in the Italo-American labor movement, a genre of trans-Atlantic radicalism that embraced the socialist, syndicalist, and anarchist traditions of Italy as well as the Marxist (i.e., DeLeonite) and reformist (i.e., the Lassallean) traditions of the American Left.2
Simultaneous Determination of The Residues of 7 Kind of Pyrethroid Pesticides in Vegetables by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry

[Objective]To establish a rapid and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 7 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables.[Methods] 7 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by GC-MS method.[Results]The recovery was 63.9%～105.2%,RSD6%.The positive rate of detecting 15 kinds of pyrethroid pesticides in vegetables by this method was 4.7%.[Conclusion]This method is rapid and simple,meets the requirements of analysis,with good selectivity,high resolution and high sensitivity,.
Microsurgical Reconstruction of Opposable Digits in Mutilating Hand Injuries

Restoration of hand function following mutilating hand injury has been complicated and often unsatisfactory. Today, reconstruction of opposable digits with sophisticated microsurgical procedures, coupled with comprehensive hand therapy, enables surgeons to restore prehension in severely injured hands. Microsurgical toe-to-hand techniques for opposable digit reconstruction are described, and a coordinated approach for patient evaluation, preoperative planning, and rehabilitation is outlined.
Paracrine Regulation from Tissue Engineered Constructs

Abstract Historically, tissue engineering has been dominated by replicating tissue structure. As the field has evolved, it has encompassed much more than building mechanical scaffolds and has come to address the full physiological spectrum of function. This chapter discusses the recent expansion of tissue engineering solutions to include the paracrine aspect of physiologic repair and function. This chapter examines how engineered tissues can be designed not only to fill structural voids, but also to control the environment by developing endothelial cell–based paracrine solutions. In keeping with our argument that structure and function deserve equal weight, we incorporate several case study examples.
Urachal Cyst Causing Small Bowel Obstruction in an Adult with a Virgin Abdomen

Introduction. A patent urachus is a rare congenital or acquired pathology, which can lead to complications later in life. We describe a case of urachal cystitis as the etiology of small bowel obstruction in an adult without prior intra-abdominal surgery. Case Report. A 64-year-old male presented to the acute care surgery team with a 5-day history of right lower quadrant abdominal pain, distention, nausea, and vomiting. He had a two-month history of urinary retention and his past medical history was significant for benign prostate hyperplasia. On exam, he had evidence of small bowel obstruction. Computed tomography revealed high-grade small bowel obstruction secondary to presumed ruptured appendicitis. In the operating room, an infected urachal cyst was identified with adhesions to the proximal ileum. After lysis of adhesions and resection of the cyst, the patient was subsequently discharged without further issues. Conclusion. Although rare, urachal pathology should be considered in the differential diagnosis when evaluating a patient with small bowel obstruction without prior intraabdominal surgery, hernia, or malignancy.
Librarianship and Change: A Consideration of Weick’s “Drop Your Tools” Metaphor

Originally published in Library Administration & Management Volume 19, Number 2, Spring 2005, pages 68-74
ASAP: Accelerated Short Read Alignment on Programmable Hardware (Abstract Only)

The proliferation of high-throughput sequencing machines allows for the rapid generation of billions of short nucleotide fragments in a short period. This massive amount of sequence data can quickly overwhelm today's storage and compute infrastructure. This poster explores the use of hardware acceleration to significantly improve the runtime of short-read alignment (SRA), a crucial step in pre-processing sequenced genomes. It presents the design and implementation of ASAP, an accelerator for computing Levenshtein distance (LD) in the context of the SRA problem. LD computation is a prominent underlying mathematical kernel that is common to a large number of SRA tools (e.g., BLAST, BWA, SNAP) and is responsible for 50-70% of their runtime. These algorithms mentioned above calculate the exact value of LD between nucleotide strings but only use them to build a total ordering (an ordered list) of the most likely point of origin in the genome. ASAP computes an approximation of LD by encoding computation in propagation delay of circuit elements. This approximation is calculated in an accelerated fashion in hardware and preserves the original total ordering of LDs produced by the traditional algorithms. This computation is performed by constructing circuits that comprise the recursive definition of the LD computation and measuring propagation delay of a signal entering and leaving the circuit. Additionally, ASAP can explore large portions of the search space (substrings of the strings being compared) within one clock cycle, and ignore parts of the search space that does not contribute to an answer. Our design is implemented on an Altera Stratix V FPGA in an IBM POWER8 system using the CAPI interface for cache coherence across the CPU and FPGA. Our design is 200x faster (median measurement) than the equivalent C implementation of the kernel running on the host processor and 2.2x faster for an end-to-end alignment tool for 120-150bp short-read sequences.
Investigating Determinants of Managerial Networking: An Empirical Test of Competing Theories

In the complex setting of intergovernmental relationships, explaining how and why organizations are involved in network relationships has been a central and enduring quest of scholars in public management. In the setting of public organizations, a considerable amount of research has been conducted on managerial networking and its effects on public program performance. However, there has been limited discussion concerning determinants of managerial networking that are arguably equally important. Among a few studies on determinants, the early studies have addressed determinants of networking at either the individual level from the top echelon approach or the organizational level based on contingency theory. Both perspectives are leading theoretical models for such research and have accumulated fairly strong empirical support involving various aspects of managerial networking. Departing from such early efforts, the current study is designed to examine and compare two competing models, and further explain man...
Abstract AP15: MODULATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SUBSEQUENT INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS ALLOWS CITRAL TO DECREASE CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION

The monoterpenoid, citral, when delivered through PEG-b-PCL nanoparticles inhibits in vivo growth of 4T1 breast tumors. Here, we show that citral inhibits proliferation of multiple human cancer cell lines. In p53 expressing ECC-1 and OVCAR-3 but not in p53-deficient SKOV-3 cells, citral induces G1/S cell cycle arrest and apoptosis as determined by Annexin V staining and increased cleaved caspase3 and Bax and decreased Bcl-2. In SKOV-3 cells, citral induces the ER stress markers CHOP, GADD45, EDEM, ATF4, Hsp90, ATG5, and phospho-eIF2α. The molecular chaperone 4-phenylbutyric acid attenuates citral activity in SKOV-3 but not in ECC-1 and OVCAR-3 cells. In p53-expressing cells, citral increases phosphorylation of serine-15 of p53. Activation of p53 increases Bax, PUMA, and NOXA expression. Inhibition of p53 by pifithrin-α, attenuates citral-mediated apoptosis. Citral increases intracellular oxygen radicals and this leads to activation of p53. Inhibition of gluthatione synthesis by L-buthionine sulfoxamine increased potency of citral. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine decreases phosphorylation of p53 in citral-treated ECC-1 and OVCAR-3. These results define a p53-dependent, and in the absence of p53, ER stress-dependent mode of action of citral. This study indicates that citral in PEG-b-PCL nanoparticle formulation should be considered for treatment of breast and other tumors. Citation Format: Arvinder Kapur, Mildred Felder, Lucas Fass, Justanjot Kaur, Austin Czarnecki, Kavya Rathi, San Zeng, Kathryn Kalady Osowski, Colin Howell, May P. Xiong, Rebecca J. Whelan, Manish S. Patankar. MODULATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS AND SUBSEQUENT INDUCTION OF APOPTOSIS AND ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS ALLOWS CITRAL TO DECREASE CANCER CELL PROLIFERATION [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr AP15.