cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gis analysis of patch use and group cohesiveness of bearded sakis (chiropotes sagulatus) in the upper essequibo conservation concession, guyana

Department of Anthropology, Sociology and Languages, University of Missouri, St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63121KEY WORDS ﬁssion–fusion; pitheciini; spatial analysisABSTRACT This study examines how northernbearded sakis (Chiropotes sagulatus) in Guyana adjustgroup cohesiveness according to the distribution andquality of food patches. I introduce a GIS based methodfor quantifying food patch quality and how it relates tobearded saki group spread and group size. While theconcept of food patch is central to most models of pri-mate socioecology, deﬁning what constitutes a patch hasbeen notoriously problematic in primate studies. Inaddition, researchers have struggled to quantify groupspread and group cohesiveness. Advances in spatialanalysis software in the last decade now allow primateresearchers to better quantify these variables. Groupspread in bearded sakis was not signiﬁcantly greater inlower quality patches and sakis were not more spreadout during feeding than during other activities. How-ever, the study group was signiﬁcantly less spread outduring social behavior. Bearded saki group size was sig-niﬁcantly correlated with both monthly fruit abundanceand patch quality. In fact, mean daily patch qualityexplained 40% of the variation in foraging party size.These results suggest that bearded sakis may rely on ahighly ﬂuid social structure to mitigate the effects ofintragroup feeding competition while living in largegroups. Sakis do not adjust group spread on a patch-by-patch basis but rather ﬁssion into smaller foragingparties when resources become scarce seasonally andpatch quality is low. This study shows that GIS is apowerful tool for modeling the relationship betweengroup cohesiveness and resource quality and distribu-tion. Am J Phys Anthropol 150:235–246, 2013.
Wavelet analysis enables system-independent texture analysis of optical coherence tomography images

Texture analysis for tissue characterization is a current area of optical coherence tomography (OCT) research. We discuss some of the differences between OCT systems and the effects those differences have on the resulting images and subsequent image analysis. In addition, as an example, two algorithms for the automatic recognition of bladder cancer are compared: one that was developed on a single system with no consideration for system differences, and one that was developed to address the issues associated with system differences. The first algorithm had a sensitivity of 73% and specificity of 69% when tested using leave-one-out cross-validation on data taken from a single system. When tested on images from another system with a different central wavelength, however, the method classified all images as cancerous regardless of the true pathology. By contrast, with the use of wavelet analysis and the removal of system-dependent features, the second algorithm reported sensitivity and specificity values of 87 and 58%, respectively, when trained on images taken with one imaging system and tested on images taken with another.
Marsupial Minigrafts for Alopecia following Surgical Procedures of the Scalp Repaired by Split-Thickness Skin Grafts

A technique is described for treating the alopecia resulting from scalp surgery repaired by split-thickness skin grafts with the method of marsupial minigrafts. This procedure provides an uncomplicated outpatient approach for treating this type of alopecia.
Resistance drift noise in high Tc superconducting transition region bolometers

Abstract Measurements of current induced noise at points of constant resistance anywhere within the transition region of thin film YBa2Cu3O7 are known to reveal a noise voltage spectral density that varies as 1 ƒ with frequency. In this letter we report transition region noise measurements that were taken while the sample resistance was allowed to change. The resulting spectrum varied with frequency as 1 ƒ α , α ≈ 2, was high in magnitude, and could affect the sensitivity of superconducting transition region bolometers.
A Population-Based Study of Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes Associated with Assisted Reproductive Technology in Massachusetts

Objective: To assess associations between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and adverse maternal and infant outcomes, with an emphasis on singletons. Methods: We linked data from the US ART surveillance system with Massachusetts live birth-infant death records data for resident births in 1997–1998 and compared births conceived with ART (N = 3316) with births not conceived with ART or infertility medications (N = 157,066) on: maternal chronic conditions, pregnancy complications, labor and delivery complications, and perinatal and infant outcomes. Results: Overall, ART was strongly associated with numerous adverse outcomes. The magnitude was reduced for several outcomes when analyses were limited to singletons. After further exclusion of maternal subsets with rare ART births (maternal age <20; education <high school; unmarried, no or public health insurance; no or third trimester prenatal care initiation), and matching ART and non-ART singletons on birth hospital, birth month and year, maternal age, parity, and race/ethnicity, ART remained associated with pre-existing diabetes (Relative Risk [RR] = 2.2 95% confidence interval 1.02–4.9), incompetent cervix (RR = 6.0, [2.3–15.4]), pregnancy-induced hypertension (RR = 1.5, [1.04–2.2]), uterine bleeding (RR = 3.2, [1.5–6.8]), placental abruption (RR = 3.8 [1.6–9.4]), placenta previa (RR = 3.8, [1.6–9.4]), preterm delivery (RR = 2.4, [1.8–3.0]), very preterm delivery (RR = 2.5, [1.2–5.2]), low birth weight (RR = 2.1, [1.5–2.9]), and infant not discharged home (RR = 1.8, [1.2–2.6]). Conclusions: Women who conceive with ART are more likely than women who do not to enter pregnancy with a chronic condition and develop complications during pregnancy and labor and delivery. Additionally, infants born after ART are at increased risk for adverse health outcomes. The mechanisms underlying these associations require further study.
Quantifying the benefits of immersion for procedural training

Training is one of the most important and widely-used applications of immersive virtual reality (VR). Research has shown that immersive virtual environments (VEs) are beneficial for training motor activities and spatial activities, but it is unclear whether immersive VEs are beneficial for purely mental activities, such as memorizing a procedure. In this paper, we present a between-subjects experiment comparing two levels of immersion in a procedural training task. For the higher level of immersion, we used a large L-shaped projection display. We used a typical laptop display for the lower level of immersion. We asked participants to memorize two procedures: one simple and the other complex. We found that the higher level of immersion resulted in significantly faster task performance and reduced error for the complex procedure. We hypothesize that the higher level of immersion helped users to memorize the complex procedure by providing enhanced spatial cues, leading to the development of an accurate mental map that could be used as a memory aid.
Asphaltene stability in crude oil and aromatic solvents-the influence of oil composition

Oil composition changes during production, transportation, and processing of crude oils. The effects of compositional changes on asphaltene stability have been investigated for different crude oils, fractionated asphaltenes, and resins with hydrocarbons that act either as asphaltene solvents or flocculating agents. The refractive index of onset mixtures is used to quantify solution properties with respect to asphaltene stability, and the results are compared to predictions of an asphaltene solubility model. Asphaltene aggregates in depressurized crude oil samples can be explained in terms of natural flocculants in the oil. The effects on asphaltene stability of adding aromatic solvents to an oil have been investigated. Mixtures of asphaltenes and resins show predictable changes in asphaltene stability. The results of this study have important implications for asphaltene stability testing using dilute oil solutions and can be interpreted without any assumptions about special interactions that are often ass...
A collisional cooling investigation of the pressure broadening of the 110←101 transition of water from 17 to 200 K

An investigation of the 1 10 ←1 01 rotational transition of water at 556GHz pressure broadened by hydrogen, helium, nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide has been completed. Using the collisional cooling technique the broadening of this transition by each gas was explored from 200 K down to the condensation point of the broadening gas or 17 K, which ever is lower. This marks the first time such an extensive investigation of the broadening of this rotational transition as a function of temperature has been completed. The results of this investigation will be presented including the exponential temperature dependence of the broadening, the lack of temperature dependence of the broadening observed in helium and the unique behavior of the hydrogen broadening at low temperature (<40K). In addition, the broadening of the 1 10 ←1 01 rotational transition of water by nitrogen and oxygen was recorded at room temperature and a direct comparison of this data with recent work will be discussed.
The GH/IGF-1 Axis in Growth and Development: New Insights Derived from Animal Models

L ongitudinal growth in humans follows a unique pattern that is characterized by rapid fetal growth, deceleration immediately after birth, a prolonged childhood growth phase, an additional deceleration prepubertally, and a dramatic adolescent growth spurt leading ultimately to stagnancy in adulthood [1]. Linear bone growth, which accompanies longitudinal body growth, occurs during development and the childhood years until epiphyseal fusion occurs after puberty [2]. Growth is dynamic in nature and is influenced by nutritional, neuronal, and hormonal factors [3]. Growth hormone (GH), a hormone secreted from the anterior pituitary gland, is a major regulator of somatic growth. The mammalian GH gene (also known as GH-normal or GH-N) belongs to a family of genes that includes the genes for GH, prolactin (PRL), and the placental lactogens [4]. The human GH-N heterogeneous nuclear RNA transcript undergoes alternative splicing, which leads to the creation of 2 mature mRNA transcripts, which then encode 2 polypeptides with molecular weights of 22 kDa and 20 kDa. In the circulation, the majority of human GH protein is the 22 kDa isoform; whereas, a small amount is the 20 kDa isoform [4]. GH is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland in a pulsatile fashion [5]. GH secretion exhibits sexual dimorphism in humans and rats. In humans, women exhibit more irregularity in GH secretion than men [6]. Two hypothalamic factors regulate and maintain the pulsatile secretion of GH from pituitary somatotrophs [7,8]. Growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) stimulates GH release; whereas, somatostatin release-inhibiting factor (SRIF, or somatostatin) inhibits GH release [7,8]. In the circulation, GH binds to the growth hormone binding protein (GHBP), a truncated form of the growth hormone receptor (GHR). GHBP contains the extracellular portion of the GHR [9–12]. In humans, the GHBP has been suggested to be formed by
Peroxisomal localization and function of NADP+-specific isocitrate dehydrogenases in yeast

Yeast peroxisomal NADP(+)-specific isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDP3) contains a canonical type I peroxisomal targeting sequence (a carboxyl-terminal Cys-Lys-Leu tripeptide), and provides the NADPH required for beta-oxidation of some fatty acids in that organelle. Cytosolic yeast IDP2 carrying a PTS1 (IDP2(+CKL)) was only partially localized to peroxisomes, and the enzyme was able to function in lieu of either peroxisomal IDP3 or cytosolic IDP2. The analogous isocitrate dehydrogenase enzyme (IDPA) from Aspergillus nidulans, irrespective of the presence or absence of a putative PTS1, was found to exhibit patterns of dual compartmental distribution and of dual function in yeast similar to those observed for IDP2(+CKL). To test a potential cellular limit on peroxisomal levels, authentic yeast IDP3, which is normally strictly peroxisomal, was over-expressed. This also resulted in dual distribution and function of the enzyme in both the cytosol and in peroxisomes, supporting the possibility of a restriction on organellar amounts of IDP.
Making space for an agentic sexuality? The examination of a lesbian/queer bathhouse.

Although an extensive body of work exists exploring the relationships between space and gender, gender performance and identity, little attention has been given to examining the space-agency nexus ...
Differential sampling for the Monte Carlo practitioner

One of the two methods for performing a perturbation calculation using Monte Carlo simulations is by differential sampling. The fundamental theory of differential sampling in Monte Carlo is well-presented in the literature but algorithms for implementation of the theory are not well-documented. The development of a differential sampling scheme and its implementation from the viewpoint of the Monte Carlo practitioner are presented here. Simplified examples of radiation transport and criticality of a multiplying system are used to illustrate the algorithms for implementation. Notes on applying the same schemes to more complex problems are also discussed.
Thermal Variation Of The Refractive Index In Optical Materials

Methods of measuring the thermal variation of the refractive index, an = (1/n)(dn/dT) are reviewed. A comparison is made between various prism and interferometric methods. A double interferometric method utilizing simultaneous Fizeau and Twyman-Green interferometers is discussed in detail. Data on KDP isomorphs are presented for comparison.
Estrogen action and cytoplasmic signaling pathways. Part II: the role of growth factors and phosphorylation in estrogen signaling

In recent years, distinct signaling pathways involving specific complexes of cytoplasmic proteins have been shown to orchestrate estrogen action. These pathways might supplement or augment genomic effects of estrogen that are attributable to transcriptional activation by liganded receptor. Signals might be transduced through phosphorylation of the estrogen receptors (ERs), or indirectly through effects upon transcriptional coactivators or cell receptors. Estrogen signaling is coupled to growth factor signaling with feedback mechanisms directly impacting function of growth factor receptors. These signaling pathways regulate important physiological processes, such as cell growth and apoptosis. Here, we focus on cytoplasmic signaling pathways leading to activation of ERs.
Hepatic artery infusion and chemoembolization in the management of liver metastases.

Hepatic metastases rather than the primary neoplasm usually dictate the course of the disease and the patient's survival. For unresectable disease, intraarterial infusion of chemotherapy, embolization, and chemoembolization are viable alternatives. Intraarterial therapy for hepatic metastases is based on the dual blood supply of the normal liver (portal vein, 75%, and hepatic artery, 25%) and that of the tumors (hepatic artery, 90%). Intraarterial infusion delivers a higher concentration of chemotherapy, whereas chemoembolization adds ischemia and increased contact time with the tumor. Selective vascular occlusion for infusion, redistribution of the blood supply and pulsatile flow enhance the delivery of therapeutic agents to the liver.
Evaporative data on intermediate resonances in nuclear reactions

Abstract The data on high-energy tails of evaporative spectra are interpreted in terms of “intermediate resonances”, and the widths and spacings of these resonances are estimated. The estimated widths are close to the limits of present techniques of observation. It appears that the levels should overlap strongly. Cross correlations and other properties that help in identification are discussed.
The transitioning nature of Hispanic renters

Abstract In the 1980, 1990, and 2000 censuses, Hispanic households had the lowest rate of homeownership of any major ethnic group. Since 2000, however, growth in Hispanic homeownership has outpaced that of other groups. This article uses a four‐stage transitional framework to examine Hispanic home‐ownership progression: renting without plans to buy; renting with plans to buy, but not actively saving; renting while saving for a home; and owning a home. Data from the Survey of Consumer Finances indicate that, after we control for other demographic factors, Hispanic renters are much more likely to be actively saving to buy a home than either non‐Hispanic white or non‐Hispanic black renters. However, Hispanic households are less likely to move from the saving to the owning stage. We find evidence of three explanations for this phenomenon: informational barriers to credit, purchase of foreign homes, and recent entry into the saving stage.
Elite female athletes' ventilatory compensation to decreased inspired O2 during the wingate test.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine if anaerobic performance as measured by the Wingate is decremented in elite female athletes when fraction of inspired oxygen is decreased from 20.9% to 10%. Method: Nine collegiate female soccer players (Mweight = 63.2 ± 10 kg, Mheight = 164 ± 4.7 cm, Mage = 18.6 ± 0.5 year) performed 1 Wingate test under each condition separated by at least 24 hr. Oxygen consumption was measured breath by breath using a Sensor-Medics metabolic cart. Postexercise blood lactates were measured using the finger-stick method. During normoxic and hypoxic (10% inspired oxygen [O2]) conditions, participants inhaled air from a 300-L weather balloon during the 30-s test. Results: Peak power, minimum power, average power, postexercise blood lactate, preexercise and postexercise blood O2 saturation, and total O2 consumed during exercise and during recovery were not statistically different between conditions. However, the Fatigue Index and peak ventilation were significantly greater...
Quantum cascade lasers operating from 1.4 to 4 THz (Invited Paper)

The development of teranertz (THz) quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) has progressed considerably since their advent almost a decade ago. THz QCLs operating in a frequency range from 1.4 to 4 THz with electron-phonon scattering mediated depopulation schemes are described. Several different types of GaAs/AlGaAs superlattice designs are reviewed. Some of the best temperature performances are obtained by the so-called resonant-phonon designs that are described. Operation above a temperature of 160 K has been obtained across the spectrum for THz QCLs operating at \nu >1.8 THz. The maximum operating temperature of previously reported THz QCLs has empirically been limited to a value of ~\hbar \omega/kB. A new design scheme for THz QCLs with scattering-assisted injection is shown to surpass this empirical temperature barrier, and is promising to improve the maximum operating temperatures of THz QCLs even further.
Optimization of Shear Driven Droplet Generation in a Microfluidic Device

Hydrophilic and lipophilic interfaces of fluids play an important role in the formation of droplets. A large collection of droplets constitutes emulsions of water dispersive phase into oil continuous phase. Since droplet generation forms the basis of the manufacturing of emulsion, great efforts have been made to understand the science, technological and industrial problems associated with the generation of droplets. This paper presents the optimization of a novel method of droplet generation [1] in a microchannel resulting from the laminar co-flow of water and oil in a T type channel. Water in oil droplets are formed with olive oil (interfacial tension 28mN/m, viscosity 84mPa/s, density 918Kg/m3). At the T-junction, the water stream sent through the middle channel is sheared and cut by the oil stream sent through the outer channel. Competition between interfacial tension and the Laplace pressure at the oil/water interface results in droplets of finite diameter. Fluid properties such as density, viscosity and surface tension and the flow parameters such as pressure, mass flow rate and velocity are varied at the inlets and outlets to optimize size, frequency and periodicity of droplets using CFD-ACE+, a multiphysics modeling tool (CFDRC, Huntsville, AL).Copyright © 2003 by ASME
Effects of Ultrasound Implementation on Physical Examination Learning and Teaching During the First Year of Medical Education

Objectives Increasing emphasis has been placed on point-of-care ultrasound in medical school. The overall effects of ultrasound curriculum implementation on the traditional physical examination skills of medical students are still unknown. We studied the effects on the Objective Standardized Clinical Examination (OSCE) scores of year 1 medical students before and after ultrasound curriculum implementation. Methods An ultrasound curriculum was incorporated into the physical diagnosis course for year 1 medical students in the 2012–2013 academic year. We performed a prospective observational study comparing traditional OSCE scores of year 1 medical students exposed to the ultrasound curriculum (post-ultrasound) versus historic year 1 medical student controls (pre-ultrasound) with no ultrasound exposure. Questionnaire data were also obtained from year 1 medical students and physical diagnosis faculty to assess attitudes toward ultrasound implementation. Results The final overall OSCE scores were graded with a 5-point Likert-type scale from unsatisfactory to outstanding. There was a significant increase in outstanding scores in the post-ultrasound compared to the pre-ultrasound group (27.0% versus 10.9%; P< .001). The post-ultrasound group had significantly (P< .05) increased first-time pass rates on blood pressure measurements, the abdominal examination, and professionalism. Student and physical diagnosis faculty questionnaire data showed an overall positive response, with most agreeing or strongly agreeing that ultrasound should be included in the future year 1 medical student curriculum. Conclusions Ultrasound implementation into a physical diagnosis curriculum for year 1 medical students is feasible and may improve their overall traditional physical examination skills.
Requirement for cyclophilin A for the replication of vesicular stomatitis virus New Jersey serotype.

Several host proteins have been shown to play key roles in the life-cycle of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). We have identified an additional host protein, cyclophilin A (CypA), a chaperone protein possessing peptidyl cis-trans prolyl-isomerase activity, as one of the cellular factors required for VSV replication. Inhibition of the enzymatic activity of cellular CypA by cyclosporin A (CsA) or SDZ-211-811 resulted in a drastic inhibition of gene expression by VSV New Jersey (VSV-NJ) serotype, while these drugs had a significantly reduced effect on the genome expression of VSV Indiana (VSV-IND) serotype. Overexpression of a catalytically inactive mutant of CypA resulted in the reduction of VSV-NJ replication, suggesting a requirement for functional CypA for VSV-NJ infection. It was also shown that CypA interacted with the nucleocapsid (N) protein of VSV-NJ and VSV-IND in infected cells and was incorporated into the released virions of both serotypes. VSV-NJ utilized CypA for post-entry intracellular primary transcription, since inhibition of CypA with CsA reduced primary transcription of VSV-NJ by 85–90 %, whereas reduction for VSV-IND was only 10 %. Thus, it seems that cellular CypA binds to the N protein of both serotypes of VSV. However, it performs an obligatory function on the N protein activity of VSV-NJ, while its requirement is significantly less critical for VSV-IND N protein function. The different requirements for CypA by two serologically different viruses belonging to the same family has highlighted the utilization of specific host factors during their evolutionary lineages.
Who Goes Back to Prison; Who Does Not: A Multiyear View of Reentry Program Participants.

Existing studies of reentry programs in the United States focus on the successes and failures of reentering offenders when compared to matched reentering offenders who did not receive structured reentry services. Little attention has been focused solely on the reentry participants themselves, and on how the level of program exposure may be related to recidivism outcomes. This study reports the recidivism outcomes of 357 reentry participants released to the community during a multiyear study period. All of the 357 participants studied were released for at least one full year, making it possible to examine recidivism behaviors by levels of reentry program exposure, at similar points in time. Thus, a range of descriptive and program attributes and an analysis of these attributes vis-a-vis defined recidivism measures is presented to answer the question: “Who goes back to prison?”
Hyperkinetic Behaviors and Learning Disabilities Followed Over Seven Years

A seven-year follow-up study of 500 children was conducted by teacher questionnaire in the second, fourth, and fifth grades for the presence of behavior problems and learning disabilities. These children represent all the second-graders in a number of rural school districts. The three scores on each child were summed. The 20% of children with the highest scores (i.e., most symptoms or disabilities) showed a rate of behavioral or academic maladjustment in ninth grade of 35%. The 30% of children with the lowest scores (i.e., fewest symptoms or disabilities) did not have a single member functioning poorly in ninth grade. Of the group between the 30th and 70th percentile, 5% were adapting poorly and most of their scores placed them in the upper range. Consistent correlations are also shown when the group is divided according to IQ, grade point average, and school systems.
Comparison of long-term outcomes of selective laser trabeculoplasty versus argon laser trabeculoplasty in open-angle glaucoma.

Abstract Purpose To compare the long-term success rate of selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) versus argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT). Design Retrospective chart review. Participants One hundred ninety-five eyes of 195 patients with uncontrolled open-angle glaucoma (OAG), of which 154 eyes underwent ALT and 41 eyes underwent SLT and were followed up for a maximum of 5 years. Intervention The SLT patients were treated with the frequency-doubled q-switched neodymium:yytrium–aluminum–garnet laser (532 nm). Approximately 50 to 55 nonoverlapping spots were placed over 180° of the trabecular meshwork at energy levels ranging from 0.6 to 1.0 mJ per pulse. The ALT patients were treated with the argon blue–green laser with between 45 to 55 adjacent, nonoverlapping spots over 180° of the trabecular meshwork at 470 to 1150 mW of energy per pulse. Main outcome measures The success rates were defined by criterion I and criterion II. Success by criterion I was defined as a decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) of 3 mmHg or more with no additional medications, laser, or glaucoma surgery. Criterion II had the same requirements as criterion I, except that a 20% or more IOP reduction was required for success. Results The mean follow-up time was 37.4±14.7 months for patients in the SLT group and 33.6±17.0 months for patients in the ALT group. The long-term success rate was not significantly different between the ALT and SLT groups by either criterion (Kaplan-Meier survival analysis log-rank P = 0.20 by criterion I and P = 0.12 by criterion II). When comparing patients with and without previous ALT, there was not a statistically significant difference in the patients treated with SLT by either criterion (log-rank P = 0.37 by criterion I and P = 0.39 by criterion II). Conclusions In eyes with primary OAG that are receiving maximally tolerated medical therapy, SLT was found to be as effective as ALT in lowering IOP over a 5-year period. However, long-term data reveal that many of the glaucoma patients treated with SLT and ALT required further medical or surgical intervention. Whether SLT has better long-term success than ALT in repeat laser trabeculoplasty treatments remains unclear.
Web Search Considered Harmful: The top five reasons why search is still way too hard

Nowadays, when you find yourself utterly disgusted by “American Idol,” or any other of the latest “reality” shows on TV, you may decide, “What the heck, time to seek a slightly less horrible form of punishment: let’s get on the Web.”
Kymographic characterization of vibration in human vocal folds with nodules and polyps.

Objectives/Hypothesis Digital kymography (DKG) can provide objective, quantitative data about vocal fold vibration which may help distinguish normal from pathological vocal folds as well as nodules from polyps.
Diagnostic value of clinical examination and radiographic imaging in identification of intraocular foreign bodies in open globe injury.

PurposeTo evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of clinical eye examination and radiographic imaging in the identification of intraocular foreign bodies (IOFBs) in open-globe traumatic injuries.MethodsThis was a retrospective chart review of open-globe traumatic injuries with IOFBs presenting to University Hospital (UH) at New Jersey Medical School between 1998 and 2008.ResultsA total of 527 patients with traumatic open globe injuries presented to UH, Newark, New Jersey, USA, between 1998 and 2008. Of these, 74 patients had surgically confirmed IOFBs. Mean age of patients with traumatic open globe injury and an IOFB was 33 years (range, 8-69 years); mean follow-up was 17.6 months (range, 1 day–90 months). Foreign bodies were identified as glass (13), metal (58), wood (1), plastic (0), and other (2). There were 24 anterior segment (AS) IOFBs, 45 posterior segment (PS) IOFBs, and 5 noted in both segments. Clinical eye examination at presentation identified an IOFB in 34 (45.6%) of 74 patients. B-scan echography ...
LINKING PROCESS CHOICE WITH PLANT‐LEVEL DECISIONS ABOUT CAPITAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES

We examine how process choice links with design decisions about capital and human resources. Our analysis confirms empirically most expected differences between process- and product-focused plants for these decisions. What is unexpected is how top-performing plants resemble other plants within the same process choice category in most respects, while distinguishing themselves on a few selected process attributes. For example, better performing process-focused plants not only achieve higher machine flexibility levels and lower overhead costs as expected, but also have more intensive preventive maintenance programs. Similarly, product-focused plants that achieve certain hallmarks of process-focused plants also enjoy superior performance.
Clinical presentations of cutaneous melanoma

Cutaneous melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Early and accurate detection are the most important means to improve patient survival. This article reviews the common clinical presentations of head and neck cutaneous melanoma, and discusses lesions that might be clinically mistaken for melanoma.
The Local and Variegated Nature of Learning in Organizations: A Group-Level Perspective

This paper considers the role of team learning in organizational learning. I propose that a group-level perspective provides new insight into how organizational learning is impeded, hindering effective change in response to external pressures. In contrast to previous theoretical perspectives, I suggest that organizational learning is local, interpersonal, and variegated. I present data from an exploratory study of learning processes in 12 organizational teams engaged in activities ranging from strategic planning to hands-on manufacturing of products. These qualitative data are used to investigate two components of the collective learning process--reflection to gain insight and action to produce change--and to explore how teams allow an organization to engage in both radical and incremental learning, as needed in a changing and competitive environment. I find that team members' perceptions of power and interpersonal risk affect the quality of team reflection, which has implications for their team's and their organization's ability to change.
Learning Structured Models for Phone Recognition

We present a maximally streamlined approach to learning HMM-based acoustic models for automatic speech recognition. In our approach, an initial monophone HMM is iteratively refined using a split-merge EM procedure which makes no assumptions about subphone structure or context-dependent structure, and which uses only a single Gaussian per HMM state. Despite the much simplified training process, our acoustic model achieves state-of-the-art results on phone classification (where it outperforms almost all other methods) and competitive performance on phone recognition (where it outperforms standard CD triphone / subphone / GMM approaches). We also present an analysis of what is and is not learned by our system.
Alterations in the p16INK4a/CDKN2A tumor suppressor gene in gastrinomas

The p16INK4a/CDKN2A gene (p16INK4a) is frequently altered by homozygous deletion, mutation, or methylation in many nonendocrine tumors, and these alterations may be predictive of recurrence, tumor growth, or aggressiveness. Whether this is true of neuroendocrine tumors such as gastrinomas is unclear. To address this question we analyzed the gastrinomas from 44 patients for p16INK4a gene mutations and correlated the results to the tumor's biological behavior, growth pattern, and aggressiveness. No gastrinomas had mutations of exon 1 or exon 2 of the p16INK4a gene, although polymorphisms were found in 54%. No homozygous deletions were found. In 52% of the gastrinomas, hypermethylation of a 5'-CpG island of the p16INK4a gene promoter was found. To assess the growth behavior of the gastrinomas, all patients were assessed yearly with at least three conventional imaging studies (computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound), and since 1994 have been assessed with radionuclide scanning using [111In-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid,DPhe1]octreotide. The mean follow-up was 5.1+/-0.4 yr (range, 1.2-11.7). The presence or absence of methylation of the p16INK4a gene did not correlate with clinical characteristics of the gastrinoma, biological behavior (gastrin release and basal or maximal acid output), the presence or absence of known prognostic factors (tumor size, gastrinoma location, lymph node metastases, liver metastases, and curability), or growth pattern of the gastrinoma postresection. These results indicate that methylation of the p16INK4a gene is the most common gene alteration described to date in gastrinomas. Furthermore, because it is independent of disease stage it is probably an early event in the pathogenesis and because it is independent of the primary gastrinoma location, which is now thought to have different origins, methylation of the p16INK4a gene is probably a central process in the molecular pathogenesis of these tumors.
Testing Democracy’s Promise: Indigenous Mobilization and the Chilean State

In the late 1980s, following decades of authoritarianism and political violence, Latin America experienced a wave of transitions to democratic rule and social peace. Indigenous groups were prominent among the social sectors taking advantage of new spaces for political expression and dissent. By 1992, on the 500-year anniversary of the European conquest, indigenous organizations across the Americas had mobilized to demand the basic human and civil rights that their peoples have been denied for centuries. Striving to fulfil liberal-democratic ideals, reformoriented governments in Latin America responded to indigenous protests with a variety of initiatives to grant constitutional recognition, improve the quality of citizenship, create opportunities for self-determination, and increase local control over land and natural resources. These reforms have created new opportunities for indigenous peoples, but have also exposed contradictory agendas and sharpened conflicts in many places, including southern Chile, ancestral home of the Mapuche Indians who are the focus of this study. 1 Chile’s restored democratic government sought to create laws and institutions in the early 1990s that would improve on a history of troubled relations between the state and indigenous peoples. State officials reached out to historically marginalized indigenous populations, promising to incorporate their demands into the formal policy realm. While some Mapuche leaders remained suspicious, others took leading roles in this process, hoping that indigenous rights, recognition, and self-determination might also yield resolution to longstanding land and natural resource claims. This paper chronicles the dilution of that promise, revealing the ruling coalition’s attempts to instead implant its own policy priorities within a newly-created state institution, the CONADI (National Corporation for Indigenous Development). In practice, Mapuche demands for land and resource rights clashed with regional development schemes and the powerful financial interests behind them. When calls for indigenous recognition generated political opposition, the governing coalition seized control of the agenda, aggressively undercutting CONADI as an arena for dialogue. Policymakers employed wedge politics in Mapuche communities, promoting an entrepreneurship agenda among cooperative leaders, while forcefully criminalizing the militant actions of others. This approach widened the cleavages between the state and the Mapuche, exacerbated tensions between the Mapuche and private businesses, and worsened existing divisions among Mapuche communities. Still, Mapuche leaders continue to seek opportunities for true reform, challenging and engaging the state and its institutions. This evolving relationship between the Mapuche and the Chilean state presents a vital test of the quality of contemporary Latin American democratic consolidation.
Sir William Jones, Sir Joseph Banks, and the Royal Society

NOW that the correspondence of Sir William Jones, F. R. S. (1746-1794), is available and the information there can be integrated with the data long available in his published works (1), scholars can appreciate the extensiveness and importance of his association with Sir Joseph Banks (1743-1820). The purpose of this paper is two-fold: first, to study Jones’s association with that gifted President of the Royal Society, as well as Jones’s botanical work and his founding-presidency of the Asiatic Society in terms of that association and of the history of science; and second, to study the Royal Society’s influence upon Jones and his Asiatic Society.
Energy recovery circuits using reversible and partially reversible logic

This paper presents a new family of logic gates for low energy computing using pulsed power CMOS logic. The logic gates use the principles of adiabatic-switching and results show that in typical cases 90% of the energy can be recovered with operating frequency around 1 MHz. Constant capacitance condition is enforced in our designs so that signals' energy can be efficiently recycled in the chip. We also present a detailed analysis and modeling of energy dissipation in adiabatic circuits. The models were experimentally validated using the circuit simulator SPICE. A simplified version of adiabatic logic with simplicity comparable to static CMOS circuits is also presented. For a 2/spl times/2 multiplier using this type of logic, 60% of energy can be saved over static CMOS case at 20 MHz and there is 35% less energy consumption at 100 MHz.
Imaging Heart Failure: Premonition to Prevention in Predisposed…

The short story bThe Minority ReportQ by Philip Dick and its subsequent cinematic translation by director Steven Spielberg portray the metaphysical concept of predicting and preventing a murder that is supposed to occur 50 years later. Three elite bprecogsQ provide imagery of the future time, mode, and place of the crime, and the bpre-crimeQ unit acts on the premonition by arresting the bpotentialQ criminal. The pre-cogs do not always agree about the future, and the bminority reportQ refers to their dissenting opinion, which must be crystallized to establish the certainty that is necessary for the program’s validity. Summarily, because a crime has not occurred, the foreknowledge is likely to change the future! The paradigm of medical management (and prevention) of some diseases may evolve similarly if we focus on strategies that identify the likelihood of development of infirmity. The recent ACC-AHA guidelines—in addition to the commonly accepted group of patients who have manifest heart failure (HF) that includes symptomatic patients who have ventricular dysfunction (stage C) and those who have advanced HF (stage D)—include all subjects who are susceptible to the development of HF (stage A) and those who have asymptomatic ventricular dysfunction (stage B) within the broader category of HF.
Static Verification of Test Vectors for IR Drop Failure

ATPG tools generate test vectors assuming zero delay model for logic gates. In reality, however, gates have finite rise and fall delays that are dependent on process, voltage, and temperature variations across different dies on a wafer and within a die. A test engineer must verify the vectors for timing correctness before they are handed off to the product engineer. Currently, validation of tests is done using dynamic simulation of the circuit using the test vectors. A test vector is invalidated if it cannot reliably distinguish between a good and a faulty circuit under the signal placement and observation error window of the tester equipment. Since structural tests can result in much more switching activity in the circuit than what is estimated during normal functioning, the IR drop in the power & ground lines can be significant, adversely impacting path delays. As a result, the validation performed by simulation can be error prone. Oversizing the power rails to address this problem impacts the yield. We therefore propose the verification of test vectors for IR drop failure and present a flow for identifying failing vectors. Attempting to address this verification in dynamic simulation will force the use of circuit simulation or mixed-level simulation techniques, which are expensive in terms of run time. We discuss a static approach to validate the test vectors for failure in the presence of IR drop problems.
Who is at the City Gates? A Surreptitious Approach to Curriculum-making in Art Education

(2006). Who is at the City Gates? A Surreptitious Approach to Curriculum-Making in Art Education. Art Education: Vol. 59, Exemplary Practices in Art Education, pp. 40-46.
Toward an integrated assessment of the impacts of extreme wind events on Barrow, Alaska

Warming of the arctic climate is having a substantial impact on the Alaskan North Slope coastal region. The warming is associated with increasing amounts of open water in the arctic seas, rising sea level, and thawing permafrost. Coastal geography and increasing development along the coastline are contributing to increased vulnerability of infrastructure, utilities, and supplies of food and gasoline to storms, flooding, and coastal erosion. Secondary impacts of coastal flooding may include harm to animals and their land or sea habitats, if pollutants are released. Further, Inupiat subsistence harvesting of marine sources of food, offshore resource extraction, and marine transportation may be affected. This paper describes a project to understand, support, and enhance the local decision-making process on the North Slope of Alaska on socioeconomic issues that are influenced by warming, climate variability, and extreme weather events.
Long-Time Asymptotics for the Autocorrelation Function of the Transverse Ising Chain at the Critical Magnetic Field

We consider the particular case of the spin \(- \frac{1}{2}XY\) model in a magnetic field with Hamiltonian $$H = - \frac{1}{2}\sum\limits_{{\ell \in \mathbb{Z}}} {(\sigma _{\ell }^{x}\sigma _{{\ell + 1}}^{x} + } \sigma _{\ell }^{z})$$ (1.1) where \( \sigma _{\ell }^{x},\sigma _{\ell }^{z} \), are the standard Pauli matrices at the \({{\ell }^{{th}}}\) site of a one-dimensional lattice. As is well known, the Hamiltonain H can clearly be identified with the transverse Ising model at the critical transverse magnetic field ([LSM]). We will study the long-time behavior of the autocorrelation function X(t) of the first spin component $$\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} {X(t) = \left\langle {\sigma _{0}^{x}(t)\sigma _{0}^{x}} \right\rangle T} \\ { = \frac{{Tr({{e}^{{ - \beta H}}}({{e}^{{ - iHt}}}\sigma _{0}^{x}{{e}^{{iHt}}})\sigma _{0}^{x})}}{{Tr({{e}^{{ - \beta H}}})}}} \\ \end{array}$$ (1.2) where s = 1/T is the inverse temperature.
A Novel Inhibitor of N-Ethylmaleimide-Sensitive Factor Decreases Leukocyte Trafficking and Peritonitis

Endothelial exocytosis is an early stage in the process of leukocyte trafficking. N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF) plays a critical role in regulating exocytosis. We hypothesized that inhibitors of NSF decrease endothelial exocytosis and vascular inflammation. We designed a novel fusion polypeptide consisting of a human immunodeficiency virus transactivator of transcription (TAT) protein transduction domain joined to a NSF homohexamerization domain. We show that this TAT-NSF polypeptide inhibits the ATPase activity and the disassembly activity of NSF. Furthermore, the TAT-NSF polypeptide decreases endothelial cell exocytosis and reduces leukocyte adherence to endothelial cells in culture. Finally, the TAT-NSF polypeptide inhibits leukocyte rolling on murine venules in vivo and inhibits leukocyte trafficking into the peritoneal cavity in a murine model of experimental peritonitis. These data suggest that NSF is a critical regulator of leukocyte trafficking in vivo. Novel compounds that inhibit the exocytic machinery in endothelial cells may be useful anti-inflammatory drugs.
suspicion of sudden infant death syndrome & injuries to infants: the effects of type of death certifier, training, and economics

This paper examines the level of suspicion by death certifiers when ruling infant deaths as accidents. Data were gathered on economic factors, amount of training in death investigation received, and personal characteristics for 1995 from 776 medical examiners or coroners. Findings indicate that personal and social factors such as age, education, and population have negligible or no effects on the level of suspicion held by death certifiers in manner of death rulings for infants. The findings from this study do suggest there is potential for inaccurate rulings of infant death due to lack of training, education, and economic resources depending on the events surrounding an infant's death and whether the death certifier is a coroner or medical examiner.
Drug-Induced Nightmares

OBJECTIVE:To compile and assess the English-language literature on drug-induced nightmares, excluding nightmares secondary to drug withdrawal or drug-associated night terrors.DATA SOURCES:Published articles, letters, case reports, and abstracts in English were identified by MEDLINE (1966–May 1998) searches using the search term nightmares, chemically induced. Additional articles were obtained from bibliographies of retrieved articles.DATA EXTRACTION:All case reports of drug-induced nightmares were evaluated using the Naranjo algorithm for causality. Clinical studies of drugs that reported nightmares as an adverse effect were assessed for frequency of occurrence.DATA SYNTHESIS:Nightmares, defined as nocturnal episodes of intense anxiety and fear associated with a vivid, emotionally charged dream experience, are generally classified as a parasomnia. Possible pharmacologic mechanisms for drug-induced nightmares, such as REM suppression and dopamine receptor stimulation, are reviewed. However, the vast majori...
The Utility of Impulse Response Functions in Regional Analysis: Some Critical Issues

Regional scientists have long been interested in measuring the effects of various external and internal stimuli on a regional economy. Measuring the actual size and timing of exogenous and endogeno...