cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electronic energy transfer between tyrosine and tryptophan in the peptides trp-(pro)n-Tyr

A series of peptides, Trp-(Pro)n-Tyr, n = 0,…,5 were synthesized. Details of the synthetic method using the Merrifield method are given. The initial objective was to determine the characteristic distance R0 for energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan. This objective became submerged in the question of the structure of the chain of prolyl spacers. The efficiency of the energy transfer diminishes as the number of intervening prolines increases. Quantitatively the fit is much better if we assume that the peptides have a polyproline I structure (cis) than if we assume a trans polyproline II structure. Proton nmr spectra on the other hand suggest that the n = 1,3,5 peptides are mixtures of rotamers. Our conclusions are similar to those of previous workers, i.e., that in water there is a transition from a mixture of structures for small n to an all-trans structure at some n > 5. This means that in water, at least, proline is a dubious spacer for energy-transfer studies.
Parallel implementations of three scientific applications using LB_migrate

In this paper we focus on the implementation of large scientific applications with LB_Migrate, a dynamic load balancing library. The library employs dynamic loop scheduling techniques to address performance degradation factors due to load imbalance, provides a flexible interface with the native data structure of the application, and performs data migration. The library is reusable and it is not application specific. For initial testing, the library was employed in three applications: the profiling of an automatic quadrature routine, the simulation of a hybrid model for image denoising, and N-body simulations. We discuss the original applications without the library, the changes made to the applications to be able to interface with the library, and we present experimental results. Performance results indicate that the library adds minimal overhead, up to 6%, and it varies from application to application. However the benefits gained from the use of the library are substantial.
PrePPI: a structure-informed database of protein–protein interactions

PrePPI (http://bhapp.c2b2.columbia.edu/PrePPI) is a database that combines predicted and experimentally determined protein–protein interactions (PPIs) using a Bayesian framework. Predicted interactions are assigned probabilities of being correct, which are derived from calculated likelihood ratios (LRs) by combining structural, functional, evolutionary and expression information, with the most important contribution coming from structure. Experimentally determined interactions are compiled from a set of public databases that manually collect PPIs from the literature and are also assigned LRs. A final probability is then assigned to every interaction by combining the LRs for both predicted and experimentally determined interactions. The current version of PrePPI contains � 2 million PPIs that have a probability more than � 0.1 of which � 60 000 PPIs for yeast and � 370 000 PPIs for human are considered high confidence (probability > 0.5). The PrePPI database constitutes an integrated resource that enables users to examine aggregate information on PPIs, including both known and potentially novel interactions, and that provides structural models for many of the PPIs.
Thermal cure effects on electrical performance of nanoparticle silver inks

Physical, electrical, and morphological properties of thermally annealed silver nanoparticle thin films are described. These solution-deposited nanoparticle thin films form highly conducting films at low curing temperatures via sintering due to the high surface area to volume ratio. Measured resistivity correlates with thickness decrease and densification, and can be explained by a simple geometrical model applicable to the sintering process. Consideration of the active sintering mechanisms provides the basis for a phenomenological model predicting optimal pathways to achieve desired electrical performance.
Abyssal current character determined from sediment bedforms on the Nova Scotian continental rise

Abstract Bottom photographs across the Nova Scotian continental rise show effects of an intense bottom current at 4800–5000 m that decreases in strength upslope to tranquil near-bottom conditions at 3200–4000 m. Apparently weak currents are present above 3200 m. Long-term, geologically significant flow parallels the bathymetric contours toward the southwest, but significant short-term variability in direction is indicated by orientations of small-scale bedforms. The Western Boundary Undercurrent, documented elsewhere along the continental margin at depths less than 4000 m, has relatively little effect in modifying the sea floor on the Nova Scotian rise, but the deep currents (> 4000 m) have a significant effect. Repeated photography of small seafloor areas suggests that many bedforms, especially those of smaller scale, are constructed and destroyed by strong, variably directed, current events (“benthic storms”) on time scales of 3–6 months or less. Thus, a significant part of the geologic response of the seabed to currents may be “event-controlled” on time scales not very different from those in coastal environments.
A Fine-Grained Damage Management Scheme in a Self-Healing PostgreSQL System

Database damage management is an important issue in todaypsilas e-business world. Self-healing capability is an indispensable part of the modern database system to assure high level data availability and integrity for mission/life/business applications. Although a number of research projects have been done to tackle the emerging data damage threats to DBMS, existing mechanisms are still limited in finely distinguishing uncontaminated data from true corrupted data, which causes availability loss. In this paper, we propose TRACE-FG, a fine-grained zero-system down-time database damage tracking, quarantine, and recovery solution with negligible run time overhead. TRACE-FG is able to decompose the ldquoin-dangerrdquo unit and save the legitimated work. We built TRACE-FG into the kernel of PostgreSQL. Our experimental results demonstrated that TRACE-FG outperforms the original TRACE system and the standard recovery mechanism in terms of data availability and system service delay.
Modeling dynamic stability of SRAMS in the presence of single event upsets (SEUs)

SRAM yield is very important from an economics viewpoint, because of the extensive use of memory in modern processors and SOCs. Therefore, SRAM stability analysis tools have become essential. SRAM stability analysis based on static noise margin (SNM) often results in pessimistic designs because SNM cannot capture the transient behavior of the noise. Therefore, to improve accuracy, dynamic stability analysis is required. The model presented in this paper performs dynamic stability analysis of an SRAM cell in the presence of an SEU event. The experimental results demonstrate that our model is very accurate, with a critical charge estimation error of 2.5% compared to HSPICE. The runtime of our model is also significantly lower (1200 x lower) than the HSPICE run-time. Thus, our model enables the SRAM designer to quickly and accurately analyze stability during the design phase.
The smashed filter for compressive classification and target recognition

The theory of compressive sensing (CS) enables the reconstruction of a sparse or compressible image or signal from a small set of linear, non-adaptive (even random) projections. However, in many applications, including object and target recognition, we are ultimately interested in making a decision about an image rather than computing a reconstruction. We propose here a framework for compressive classification that operates directly on the compressive measurements without first reconstructing the image. We dub the resulting dimensionally reduced matched filter the smashed filter. The first part of the theory maps traditional maximum likelihood hypothesis testing into the compressive domain; we find that the number of measurements required for a given classification performance level does not depend on the sparsity or compressibility of the images but only on the noise level. The second part of the theory applies the generalized maximum likelihood method to deal with unknown transformations such as the translation, scale, or viewing angle of a target object. We exploit the fact the set of transformed images forms a low-dimensional, nonlinear manifold in the high-dimensional image space. We find that the number of measurements required for a given classification performance level grows linearly in the dimensionality of the manifold but only logarithmically in the number of pixels/samples and image classes. Using both simulations and measurements from a new single-pixel compressive camera, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the smashed filter for target classification using very few measurements.
Tylosis and Intrathoracic Neoplasms

The relationship of tylosis (hyperkeratosis palmaris et plantaris) and intrathoracic neoplasms has been cited previously. Two cases are presented, one of whom exhibited the skin manifestations of tylosis coexisting with an extensive squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. The second patient demonstrated the skin lesions coexisting with bronchogenic carcinoma. Tylosis has been considered an hereditary cutaneous disorder which seems to be controlled by a single autosomal gene with high penetration and heterozygos effect. The physical findings of tylosis should alert the physician to the possibility of intrathoracic neoplasms as this association is now well documented.
The Free Economic Society and the Battle against Smallpox: A “Public Sphere” in Action

Convinced that a demon caused their misery, and aware that survivors did not sicken again, the villagers applied an irritating substance to their bodies, stimulating a pock-like appearance. When the disease continued to take its toll, guards stationed themselves at the entrance to their community, arrows drawn, bows taut.' Thus, Doctor A. Komin, a zemstvo physician, described the reaction of a stricken Siberian people to smallpox. Though Komin meant to illustrate how poverty and ignorance could inhibit modem medical care, the Siberians' response had merit. It demonstrated a rough understanding of the principle of immunity and an apparent receptivity to a preventive act-both critical ideas in the evolution of medicine's first preventive inoculation. Even for the better developed areas of Western Europe and America, eradicating smallpox, a disease that killed millions and maimed countless others, was a long, arduous task. For the Russian Empire, even modest advances were likely to be difficult. Its size, classic underdevelopment, pervasive poverty and illiteracy, and fragmentary medical infrastructure would seem to doom most efforts against any epidemic disease, once one was rooted in the scattered population. Nevertheless, Russia did mount an effective preventive smallpox program before World War I, playing a role in one of the central dramas of world public health. The awareness that smallpox conferred immunity on its victims had first led to a procedure called variolation (after the Latin for smallpox). Practitioners of the art inoculated healthy persons with tiny amounts of pustule material from an active case; some subjects inhaled the matter. Variolation carried significant risks, but other than quarantine, offered the only available protection until the late eighteenth century. In 1796, Edward Jenner provided an alternative to variolation when he demonstrated that vaccination with a relatively benign disease, cowpox, also granted immunity to smallpox. Jenner's remarkable
Making a minimalist approach to codeswitching work: Adding the Matrix Language

In this paper, we show how some proposals within the Minimalist Program are compatible with a model of codeswitching that recognizes an asymmetry between the participating languages, the Matrix Language Frame model. Through our discussion of an analysis of NPs in a Spanish–English corpus, we illustrate this compatibility and show how recent minimalist proposals can explain the distribution of nouns and determiners in this data set if they adopt the notion of Matrix Language as the bilingual instantiation of structural uniformity in a CP. We outline the central premises of the Matrix Language Frame model, and introduce the Uniform Structure Principle which requires that the structure of constituents be uniform at an abstract level. We then review previous applications of the Minimalist Program to codeswitching.Much recent research in minimalism has focused on issues related to feature checking. Earlier approaches to feature checking required matching of features in grammatical structures, although more recent proposals consider distinctions in the values of features and in types of matching. Because phi-features for grammatical gender in Spanish and English differ, an analysis of NPs in this corpus of naturally occurring Spanish–English conversations provides a test for minimalist applications to codeswitching. We present our general findings of the distribution of types of NP constituents and then consider explanations of these distributions in light of minimalist proposals. It is possible to explain these distributions in a recasting of the Matrix Language Frame model in minimalist terms, if the construct of the Matrix Language is maintained. The requirement that one language, the Matrix Language, provide an abstract grammatical frame in bilingual constituents corresponds to the type of uniformity that Chomsky (2001) suggests is necessary for the explanatory study of language and variation in language.
Identification of death receptors DR4 and DR5 in HTB-12 astrocytoma cell lines and determination of TRAIL sensitivity

Astrocytomas are tumors which arise from astrocytes, cells that form the blood-brain barrier. There are very few drugs that successfully treat brain tumors. In this study, the cytotoxic effects on the HTB-12 astrocytoma cell line by tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) were studied. The presence of the TRAIL receptors, Death receptor 4 (DR4) and Death receptor 5 (DR5), were detected in HTB-12 cells by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Cytotoxicity assay by Trypan Blue Exclusion Method showed effective cell killing by TRAIL treatment. Thus, the presence of death receptors and TRAIL efficacy raises the therapeutic potential for this type of brain tumor.
Extramammary Paget disease of the scrotum with features of Bowen disease.

Abstract The scrotum is an uncommon site for the presentation of extramammary Paget disease (EMPD). We describe a case of EMPD that was discovered in a patient who had been previously diagnosed and treated for squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the scrotum 3 years earlier. Pathologic examination of the current scrotectomy specimen revealed an erythematous patch with areas of pale induration. Microscopic examination revealed areas with the characteristic histology of Paget disease adjacent to areas characteristic of Bowen disease. Immunohistochemical findings demonstrated a strong expression of carcinoembryonic antigen, cytokeratin 7, and low-molecular-weight cytokeratins (CAM 5.2) in both of these areas, giving support to the overall diagnosis of EMPD. High-molecular-weight cytokeratins (34βE12) were uncharacteristically expressed in the cytoplasm of the Paget cells with equal or greater strength than in the surrounding keratinocytes, suggesting some degree of squamous differentiation. Very few publicatio...
Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction

Several properties of the cerebral cortex, including its columnar and laminar organization, as well as the topographic organization of cortical areas, can only be properly understood in the context of the intrinsic two-dimensional structure of the cortical surface. In order to study such cortical properties in humans, it is necessary to obtain an accurate and explicit representation of the cortical surface in individual subjects. Here we describe a set of automated procedures for obtaining accurate reconstructions of the cortical surface, which have been applied to data from more than 100 subjects, requiring little or no manual intervention. Automated routines for unfolding and flattening the cortical surface are described in a companion paper. These procedures allow for the routine use of cortical surface-based analysis and visualization methods in functional brain imaging. r 1999 Academic Press
Salivary cortisol concentrations before and after carbon-dioxide inhalations in children

Abstract Background: Considerable research implicates over-activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis in the pathophysiology of adult mood and anxiety disorders. The current study evaluates the association between salivary cortisol concentrations and response to carbon-dioxide inhalation in children and adolescents with anxiety disorders, mood disorders, or no psychiatric illness. The central question was whether response to carbon-dioxide inhalation is associated with levels of hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activation. If confirmed, this would relate hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activation in juveniles, as in adults, and response to a well-studied respiratory procedure. Methods: Serial salivary cortisol samples were examined in 98 subjects (ages 9–17 years), including 62 subjects with an anxiety and/or mood disorder and 36 nonpsychiatrically ill comparisons. Samples were obtained upon arrival at the laboratory, following a tilt test, then before and immediately after a standard 5% carbon dioxide inhalation procedure. Results: Salivary cortisol levels pre-carbon-dioxide inhalation were significantly higher in patients sensitive to the anxiogenic effects of carbon dioxide ( n = 20) than in patients who did not respond to carbon dioxide ( n = 42) and in healthy subjects, none of whom were sensitive to carbon dioxide ( n = 36); cortisol concentrations in the latter two groups were indistinguishable. Salivary cortisol did not increase during carbon-dioxide inhalation, irrespective of diagnostic group or degree of reactivity to the procedure. Conclusions: The current data resemble data from studies of laboratory-induced panic among adult patients. In both groups, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis is associated with the response to a standardized stressor. Similarly, as in adults, carbon-dioxide inhalation in juveniles does not produce a significant change in hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis activation.
A Dispensable Role for Forespore-Specific Gene Expression in Engulfment of the Forespore during Sporulation of Bacillus subtilis

During the stage of engulfment in the Bacillus subtilis spore formation pathway, the larger mother cell engulfs the smaller forespore. We have tested the role of forespore-specific gene expression in engulfment using two separate approaches. First, using an assay that unambiguously detects sporangia that have completed engulfment, we found that a mutant lacking the only forespore-expressed engulfment protein identified thus far, SpoIIQ, is able to efficiently complete engulfment under certain sporulation conditions. However, we have found that the mutant is defective, under all conditions, in the expression of the late-forespore-specific transcription factor ςG; thus, SpoIIQ is essential for spore production. Second, to determine if engulfment could proceed in the absence of forespore-specific gene expression, we made use of a strain in which activation of the mother cell-specific sigma factor ςE was uncoupled from forespore-specific gene expression. Remarkably, engulfment occurred in the complete absence of ςF-directed gene expression under the same conditions permissive for engulfment in the absence of SpoIIQ. Our results demonstrate that forespore-specific gene expression is not essential for engulfment, suggesting that the machinery used to move the membranes around the forespore is within the mother cell.
NLO Higgs boson rapidity distributions at hadron colliders

Abstract We describe a new method, based on an extension of the unitarity cutting rules proposed in Ref. [2], which is very efficient for the algorithmic evaluation of phase-space integrals for various differential distributions. As a first application, we compute the next-to-leading order normalized rapidity distribution of the CP-even and the CP-odd Higgs boson produced in hadron collisions through gluon fusion. We work in the heavy top-quark approximation; we find that the NLO corrections at the LHC are approximately 5% in the zero rapidity region.
Negotiations, Work Objects, and the Unborn Patient: The Interactional Scaffolding of Fetal Surgery

This article examines the interactional scaffolding of fetal surgery, an emergent medical specialty focused on the unborn patient. Drawing on work in symbolic interaction, especially that of Mead and Strauss, the article focuses on the social organization of work in a Fetal Treatment Unit at an urban teaching hospital. The major types of interactions among participants are cooperation and conflict, illustrating the many differences among actors in this social world and their need to work together to successfully build their specialty. Differences discussed in this article center on the work object in fetal surgery (who is considered the patient?), criteria for patient selection, and definitions of disease and treatment. Actors must continually negotiate these and other differences as they create the social order of fetal surgery in a politicized context, both locally at Capital Hospital and for the specialty more generally.
A Robust Adaptive Solution Strategy for High-Order Implicit CFD Solvers

This paper presents a solution approach for steady state forms of nonlinear systems of partial differential equations with physical realizability constraints. The main advantage of the approach is the insertion of feasibility constraints in the iterative solution path such that intermediate states before convergence are physically realizable. The method is specially suited for coarse meshes where regular pseudo-transient methods may lead to non-physical states. We present a technique for including the constraints in the solution path that seeks to improve the robustness, with respect to physical realizability, of the iteration to zero residual. In addition, we introduce an adaptive indicator that attempts to localize the cells that are preventing convergence when the solver fails to obtain a zero-residual solution. Results are presented in the context of adaptive mesh refinement for laminar and Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) flows with highly-under-resolved starting meshes.
Celecoxib-Associated Anaphylaxis

Objective:To report and discuss a case of anaphylaxis in a young, healthy white male taking celecoxib for intermittent lower back pain.Case Summary:A healthy 27-year-old man with a documented history of anaphylaxis to penicillins and macrolides presented to the emergency department (ED) in anaphylactic shock after ingesting a 200-mg capsule of celecoxib and a cup of orange juice. The patient had been taking celecoxib over the past 6 months, for 1-2 weeks at a time, for low back pain secondary to a pilonidal cyst and an L5/S1 bulging disc. The day of admission was the seventh day of the most recent course of twice-daily celecoxib. The patient initially self-treated the reaction with diphenhydramine and subcutaneous epinephrine that he had at home due to his history of drug- and bee sting-induced anaphylaxis; neither intervention improved his symptoms, He became profoundly diaphoretic and developed systemic swelling, shortness of breath, bradycardia, and hypotension. Emergency medical services transported t...
Solving large optimization problems using spectral graph theory

Spectral Graph Theory is the interplay between linear algebra and combinatorial graph theory. One application of this interplay is a nearly linear time solver for Symmetric Diagonally Dominate systems (SDD). This seemingly restrictive class of systems has received much interest in the last 15 years. Both algorithm design theory and practical implementations have made substantial progress. There is also a growing number of problems that can be efficiently solved using SDD solvers including: image segmentation, image denoising, finding solutions to elliptic equations, computing maximum flow in a graph, graph sparsification, and graphics. All these examples can be viewed as special case of convex optimization problems.
Quotation, demonstration, and iconicity

Sometimes form-meaning mappings in language are not arbitrary, but iconic: they depict what they represent. Incorporating iconic elements of language into a compositional semantics faces a number of challenges in formal frameworks as evidenced by the lengthy literature in linguistics and philosophy on quotation/direct speech, which iconically portrays the words of another in the form that they were used. This paper compares the well-studied type of iconicity found with verbs of quotation with another form of iconicity common in sign languages: classifier predicates. I argue that these two types of verbal iconicity can, and should, incorporate their iconic elements in the same way using event modification via the notion of a context dependent demonstration. This unified formal account of quotation and classifier predicates predicts that a language might use the same strategy for conveying both, and I argue that this is the case with role shift in American Sign Language. Role shift is used to report others’ language and thoughts as well as their actions, and recently has been argued to provide evidence in favor of Kaplanian “monstrous” indexical expressions. By reimagining role shift as involving either (i) quotation for language demonstrations or (ii) “body classifier” predicates for action demonstrations, the proposed account eliminates one major argument for these monsters coming from sign languages. Throughout this paper, sign languages provide a fruitful perspective for studying quotation and other forms of iconicity in natural language due to their (i) lack of a commonly used writing system which is otherwise often mistaken as primary data instead of speech, (ii) the rich existing literature on iconicity within sign language linguistics, and (iii) the ability of role shift to overtly mark the scope of a language report. In this view, written language is merely a special case of a more general phenomenon of sign and speech demonstration, which accounts more accurately for natural language data by permitting more strict or loose verbatim interpretations of demonstrations through the context dependent pragmatics.
Effect of dietary K+ and 75% nephrectomy on the morphology of principal cells in CCDs

This investigation was carried out to determine the effect of potassium on the amplification of the basolateral membrane of principal cells in cortical collecting ducts (CCDs), which normally occurs after a large reduction of renal mass. Rats that underwent a 75% reduction of renal mass and were fed a diet deficient in potassium for 10 days after surgery had a lower concentration of potassium in the blood and excreted less potassium in the urine than either corresponding sham-operated (SO) rats or 75% nephrectomized (NPX) rats fed a normal-potassium diet. In the NPX rats fed the diet deficient in potassium, there was a marked inhibitory effect on the amplification of the basolateral membrane, which normally occurs in principal cells of CCDs after renal mass has been greatly reduced. In fact the surface density of the basolateral membrane, as well as the size of the principal cells in the animals fed the diet deficient in potassium were the same as those of principal cells in the SO rats fed the normal-potassium diet. Thus the present data show that the increase in cell size and the amplification of the basolateral membrane that occurs in principal cells after a 75% reduction of renal mass is inhibited by factors associated with potassium depletion.
Fiber feature map based landmark initialization for highly deformable DTI registration

This paper presents a novel pipeline for the registration of diffusion tensor images (DTI) with large pathological variations to normal controls based on the use of a novel feature map derived from white matter (WM) fiber tracts. The research presented aims towards an atlas based DTI analysis of subjects with considerable brain pathologies such as tumors or hydrocephalus. In this paper, we propose a novel feature map that is robust against variations in WM fiber tract integrity and use these feature maps to determine a landmark correspondence using a 3D point correspondence algorithm. This correspondence drives a deformation field computed using Gaussian radial basis functions(RBF). This field is employed as an initialization to a standard deformable registration method like demons. We present early preliminary results on the registration of a normal control dataset to a dataset with abnormally enlarged lateral ventricles affected by fatal demyelinating Krabbe disease. The results are analyzed based on a regional tensor matching criterion and a visual assessment of overlap of major WM fiber tracts. While further evaluation and improvements are necessary, the results presented in this paper highlight the potential of our method in handling registration of subjects with severe WM pathology.
Solid Cancers After Bone Marrow Transplantation

PURPOSE: To evaluate the incidence and associated risk factors of solid cancers after bone marrow transplantation (BMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We analyzed 2,129 patients who had undergone BMT for hematologic malignancies at the City of Hope National Medical Center between 1976 and 1998. A retrospective cohort and nested case-control study design were used to evaluate the role of pretransplantation therapeutic exposures and transplant conditioning regimens. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients developed solid cancers after BMT, which represents a two-fold increase in risk compared with a comparable normal population. The estimated cumulative probability (± SE) for development of a solid cancer was 6.1% ± 1.6% at 10 years. The risk was significantly elevated for liver cancer (standardized incidence ratio [SIR], 27.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9 to 57.3), cancer of the oral cavity (SIR, 17.4; 95% CI, 6.3 to 34.1), and cervical cancer (SIR, 13.3; 95% CI, 3.5 to 29.6). Each of the two patients with liver cancer...
Pollen Migration in Predominantly Self-Fertilizing Plants: Barley

In barley, a heavily self-fertilizing species (approximately 99%), most outcrosses occur between plants that grow closely adjacent to each other. Outcrosses have been detected only rarely between plants that are separated by a meter or more. In this article we present evidence that outcrosses can occur at distances up to 60 m and we discuss the implications of this longer-distance pollen migration on the maintenance of the genetic integrity of pedigreed stocks and experimental populations.
Patient Centered Identification, Attribution, and Ranking of Adverse Drug Events

Adverse drug events (ADEs) trigger a high number of hospital emergency room (ER) visits. Information about ADEs is often available in online drug databases in the form of narrative texts, and serves as the physician's primary reference point for ADE attribution and diagnosis. Manually reviewing these narratives, however, is an error prone and time consuming process, especially due to the prevalence of polypharmacy. So ER health care providers, especially given the heavy volume of traffic in ERs, often either skip this step or at best do it rather perfunctorily. This causes ADEs to be missed or misdiagnosed, often leading to extensive and unnecessary testing and treatment, including hospitalization. In this paper, we present a system that automates the detection of ADEs and provides a list of suspect drugs, ranked by their likelihood of causing the patient's complaints and symptoms. The input data, i.e., Medications and complaints, are obtained from triage notes that often contain descriptive language. Our application utilizes heterogeneous information sources (including drug databases) to refine and transform these descriptions as well as the online database narratives using a natural language processing (NLP) pipeline. We then employ ranking measures to establish correspondence between the complaints and the medications. Our preliminary evaluation based on actual ER cases demonstrates that this system achieves high precision and recall.
How Does Scale of Implementation Impact the Environmental Sustainability of Wastewater Treatment Integrated with Resource Recovery

Energy and resource consumptions required to treat and transport wastewater have led to efforts to improve the environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Resource recovery can reduce the environmental impact of these systems; however, limited research has considered how the scale of implementation impacts the sustainability of WWTPs integrated with resource recovery. Accordingly, this research uses life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate how the scale of implementation impacts the environmental sustainability of wastewater treatment integrated with water reuse, energy recovery, and nutrient recycling. Three systems were selected: a septic tank with aerobic treatment at the household scale, an advanced water reclamation facility at the community scale, and an advanced water reclamation facility at the city scale. Three sustainability indicators were considered: embodied energy, carbon footprint, and eutrophication potential. This study determined that as with economies of scale, there are benefits to centralization of WWTPs with resource recovery in terms of embodied energy and carbon footprint; however, the community scale was shown to have the lowest eutrophication potential. Additionally, technology selection, nutrient control practices, system layout, and topographical conditions may have a larger impact on environmental sustainability than the implementation scale in some cases.
Urinary excretion of orally administered pteroylglutamic acid.

SummaryFifty-four urine samples for 24-hour periods have been assayed microbiologically for free pteroylglutamic acid. For normal subjects the average 24-hour excretion was 2.3γ. Following an oral dose of pteroylglutamic acid the mean percentage recovery was 28.5%. Although the hospitalized patients studied had a similar excretion level (average 2.3 γ for 24hours) prior to dosage with pteroylglutamic acid, the percentage returns from single oral doses were much lower than in the normal subjects, a finding which is possibly indicative of a low degree of saturation.
Food Requirements of Adult Cotton Leafperforators in the Absence of Cotton: Effects of Natural Sugars on Longevity and Reproduction

Artifical food (aqueous sucrose solution) greatly extended the life of Bucculatrix thurberiella Busck and increased reproductive capacity in the laboratory compared to unfed moths. Of 10 sugars tested, only sucrose, glucose, and fructose were acceptable as foods. The effectiveness of these sugars increased with concentration of the solutions. The monosaccharides, particularly glucose, were slightly but consistently better than sucrose as measured by longevity, fecundity, and egg fertility.
Lacquers containing dieldrin, malathion, or diazinon as controls for the German cockroach.

The effect of residues of dieldrin, malathion, and diazinon formulated in lacquer was compared with the effect of residues of solutions and emulsions for control of Blattella germanica (L.). Short exposure to enameled plywood treated with lacquer containing dieldrin was less effective against normal cockroaches than residues from solutions in acetone or deodorized kerosene or from emulsion formulations. All formulations were ineffective against dieldrin-resistant cockroaches. A colony increased from 300 to more than 5000 in a room where dieldrin had been applied in lacquer as a barrier around the baseboard and to all resting places and harborages. Residues of malathion in lacquer were less effective against normal male cockroaches than residues from a kerosene solution applied to enameled or unpainted plywood when the insects were exposed for 3 hr or continuously to treatments aged 1 week or 3 months; in some tests, an emulsion formulation was more effective than the lacquer, but in others it was less so. All formulations were less effective on enameled plywood than on unpainted plywood. Residues of diazinon in lacquer were less effective on unpainted plywood panels than residues of solutions in acetone or deodorized kerosene or with emulsion formulations when exposure was limited to 15 min, but when exposures were as long as 30 min or were continuous on panels aged 6-8 weeks, the lacquer was more effective than the solutions.
Black cigarette smokers report more attention to smoking cues than white smokers: Implications for smoking cessation

Introduction Black cigarette smokers have lower rates of smoking cessation compared with Whites. However, the mechanisms underlying these differences are not clear. Many Blacks live in communities saturated by tobacco advertisements. These cue-rich environments may undermine cessation attempts by provoking smoking. Moreover, attentional bias to smoking cues (attention capture by smoking cues) has been linked to lower cessation outcomes. Cessation attempts among Blacks may be compromised by attentional bias to smoking cues and a cue-rich environment. Method Attention to smoking cues in Black and White smokers was examined in 2 studies. In both studies, assessments were completed during 2 laboratory visits: a nonabstinent session and an abstinent session. In study 1, nontreatment-seeking smokers (99 Whites, 104 Blacks) completed the Subjective Attentional Bias Questionnaire (SABQ; a self-report measure of attention to cues) and the Smoking Stroop task (a reaction time measure of attentional bias to smoking cues). In study 2, 110 White and 74 Black treatment-seeking smokers completed these assessments and attempted to quit. Results In study 1, Blacks reported higher ratings than Whites on the SABQ (p = .005). In study 2, Blacks also reported higher ratings than Whites on the SABQ (p = .003). In study 2, Blacks had lower biochemical-verified point prevalence abstinence than Whites, and the between-race difference in outcome was partially mediated by SABQ ratings. Conclusion Blacks reported greater attention to smoking cues than Whites, possibly due to between-race differences in environments. Greater attention to smoking cues may undermine cessation attempts.
Microsystems in Health Care: Part 6. Designing Patient Safety into the Microsystem

Article-at-a-Glance Background This article explores patient safety from a microsystems perspective and from an injury epidemiological perspective and shows how to embed safety into a microsystem's operations. Microsystems patient safety scenario Allison, a 5-year-old preschooler with a history of "wheezy colds," and her mother interacted with several microsystems as they navigated the health care system. At various points, the system failed to address Allison's needs. The Haddon matrix provides a useful framework for analyzing medical failures in patient safety, setting the stage for developing countermeasures. Case study The case study shows the types of failures that can occur in complex medical care settings such as those associated with pediatric procedural sedation. Six patient safety principles, such as "design systems to identify, prevent, absorb, and mitigate errors," can be applied in a clinical setting. In response to this particular case, its subsequent analysis, and the application of microsystems thinking, the anesthesiology department of the Children's Hospital at Dartmouth developed the PainFree Program to provide optimal safety for sedated patients. Conclusion Safety is a property of a microsystem and it can be achieved only through thoughtful and systematic application of a broad array of process, equipment, organization, supervision, training, simulation, and teamwork changes.
The Geisinger MyCode community health initiative: an electronic health record-linked biobank for precision medicine research.

Geisinger Health System (GHS) provides an ideal platform for Precision Medicine. Key elements are the integrated health system, stable patient population, and electronic health record (EHR) infrastructure. In 2007, Geisinger launched MyCode, a system-wide biobanking program to link samples and EHR data for broad research use. Patient-centered input into MyCode was obtained using participant focus groups. Participation in MyCode is based on opt-in informed consent and allows recontact, which facilitates collection of data not in the EHR and, since 2013, the return of clinically actionable results to participants. MyCode leverages Geisinger’s technology and clinical infrastructure for participant tracking and sample collection. MyCode has a consent rate of >85%, with more than 90,000 participants currently and with ongoing enrollment of ~4,000 per month. MyCode samples have been used to generate molecular data, including high-density genotype and exome sequence data. Genotype and EHR-derived phenotype data replicate previously reported genetic associations. The MyCode project has created resources that enable a new model for translational research that is faster, more flexible, and more cost-effective than traditional clinical research approaches. The new model is scalable and will increase in value as these resources grow and are adopted across multiple research platforms. Genet Med 18 9, 906–913.
Treatment of localized soft-tissue sarcoma: lessons learned.

Over the past 30 years, there has been a migration away from amputation and radical ablative surgical procedures and toward more conservative, function-preserving surgery combined with radiation to treat extremity and body wall soft-tissue sarcomas. Efforts are now being focused on optimizing and streamlining treatment, including identifying subpopulations of patients who may be adequately treated by surgery alone. The goal of these efforts is to minimize the risks for short- and long-term treatment-related morbidity while maintaining excellent rates of local tumor control. This report will briefly review the progress made in these areas.
Social Anxiety Disorder and Its Relationship to Perfectionism

Publisher Summary Social evaluation and scrutiny by others are core features of social anxiety disorder. Individuals with social anxiety disorder perceive themselves as not meeting the expectations of others, and they believe others will evaluate them negatively as a result. These features of social anxiety disorder have been central concepts in theorizing perfectionism as well. Developments in the conceptualization and measurement of perfectionism make it possible to gain a much clearer picture of its role in various forms of psychopathology, including social anxiety disorder (SAD). This chapter reviews the evidence linking perfectionism with social anxiety and SAD, examining studies linking measures of social anxiety and perfectionism in nonclinical and SAD samples, and studies of the role of perfectionism in social anxiety contexts. The implications of these findings for avoidance of social-evaluative situations are also discussed.
Canonical Syllogistic Moods in Traditional Aristotelian Logic

A novel theoretical formulation of Categorical Logic based on two properties of categorical propositions and three simple axioms has been introduced recently. This formulation allowed for the suppression of the distinction between immediate and mediate inferences, and also provided a theoretical framework to study opposition relations, thus restoring the theoretical unity of traditional Aristotelian logic. By using this approach, it has been reported that a total of 3072 conclusive syllogistic moods can be found when including indefinite terms in classical syllogistic, but this result has yet to be proven. This paper presents an overview of the recently proposed theoretical formulation of Categorical Logic, along with the derivation of the 48 canonical syllogistic moods that are capable of generating the 3072 conclusive moods previously reported.
Lipid Bilayer Association of the Alternatively Translated Region of PTEN-Long

PTEN-Long is a 576-amino acid translational variant of phosphatase and tension homolog on chromosome ten (PTEN), a tumor suppressor gene and antagonist to phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signaling. PTEN-Long (PTEN-L) exhibits at the N-terminal end an alternative translation region (ATR) with additional 173 N-terminal amino acids to the normal PTEN open reading frame. PTEN-L is secreted from cells, can exist outside the cell and shows activity towards PI(3,4,5)P3 after cell entry. Therefore, PTEN-L may have therapeutic uses by restoring a functional tumor suppressor protein to tumor cells. The mechanism by which PTEN-L enters cells is currently unknown. The ATR region of PTEN-L is evolutionary conserved and contains a polyarginine stretch with homology to cell permeable peptides, suggesting that PTEN-L may be able to traverse the plasma membrane passively. It has been suggested that the N-terminal ATR part of PTEN-L is intrinsically disordered, which we confirmed using CD and FTIR spectroscopy. Our FTIR studies did not reveal any observable structural change of PTEN-L ATR upon lipid binding to PC, PS, and PI(4,5)P2. We further found that the integrity of model lipid bilayers is compromised upon interaction of PTEN-L's ATR. We are currently further delineating the lipid binding preferences of the ATR part of PTEN-L, as well as the full-length protein using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and FRET techniques.
Bioactive glass paste in molars of mini-pigs: An in vivo study

Bioactive glass powder in the MgO-CaO-P2O5-SiO2 system was mixed with water to create a bioactive glass paste. The paste was then placed in 8 cavities in molars of Sinclair mini-pigs, isolated using a light-cure composite filling, and left in vivo for 4 weeks. Additionally, 4 controls were run where the bioactive glass was placed in an inert polymer substrate and then incubated at 37°C for 4 weeks. Specimens were cut longitudinally in two halves and prepared for chemical and x-ray analyses. Qualitative results showed that the paste in the molars stayed intact while there was little or no paste left in the polymer substrate after cutting. This observation suggested that the paste in the natural tissue had structural integrity which could be caused by chemical changes and/or mineralization encouraged by contact with dentinal tubule fluid. X-ray analysis did not reveal any crystallinity in the paste at 4 weeks, but chemical alterations were confirmed by electron microprobe analysis. The chemical inhomogeneity of the individual elemental maps revealed the formation of Ca-P-rich/Si-poor areas. These distinct chemical variations were not seen in chemical analyses run on the bioactive glass paste in its initial state.
Stochastic Volatility Models with Long Memory

In this contribution, we consider models in discrete time that contain a latent process for volatility. The most well-known model of this type is the Long-Memory Stochastic Volatility (LMSV) model. We describe its main properties, discuss parametric and semiparametric estimation for these models, and give some generalizations and applications.