cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Valuation of stock loans under a Markov chain model

In recent years the use of Markov chain models to model stock price movement has received increased attention among researchers. Markov chain models combine the discrete movements of a binomial tree model while retaining the Markovian properties of Brownian motion, thus allowing the best properties of both of these models. In this paper, the authors consider a Markov chain model in which the underlying market is solely determined by a two-state Markov chain. Such a Markov chain model is strikingly simple and yet appears capable of capturing various market movements. By proper selection of parameters, the Markov chain model can produce sample paths that are very similar to or very distinct from a classical Brownian motion, as the authors demonstrate in this paper. This paper studies the stock loan valuation, or the value of a loan in which a risky share of stock is used as collateral, under such a model. Dynamic programming equations in terms of variational inequalities are used to capture the dynamics of the problem. These equations are solved in closed-form. Explicit optimal solutions are obtained. Numerical examples are also reported to illustrate the results.
Impaired motility of neonatal PMN leukocytes: relationship to abnormalities of cell orientation and assembly of microtubules in chemotactic gradients.

To allow a further understanding of the pathogenesis of impaired stimulated locomotion by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in human neonates, we studied cellular orientation by neonatal PMNs in response to well-defined chemotactic gradients (Zigmond orientation chambers) and characterized the cytoplasmic microtubule (MT) complex of neonatal PMNs during cell orientation and movement. PMN suspensions obtained from 52 neonates demonstrated a diminished capacity to undergo orientation at all time intervals after exposure to gradients of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl phenylalanine (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or C5a. Among responding (orienting) neonatal PMNs observed, only 70% (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 59% (C5a) oriented accurately (toward chemotactic gradients) as compared to values of 96% (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 92% (C5a) for adult controls. Furthermore, neonatal PMNs failed to alter their direction of orientation/migration when chemotactic gradients were reversed. Similar abnormalities were observed when 10-fold gradients of f-Met-Leu-Phe were employed over a concentration range between 10(-7) and 10(-11) M. Employing tubulin immunofluorescence, the cytoplasmic MT complex of-neonatal PMNs was assessed prior to and after cell exposure to uniform concentrations or gradients of chemotactic factors (CFs). MT assembly by neonatal PMNs studied under these experimental conditions was significantly diminished. Neonatal cell suspensions demonstrated 26 +/- 5 (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 27 +/- 6 (C5a) MT/cell as compared to respective values of 36 +/- 6 or 35 +/- 5 for adult suspensions (P less than .001). MT lengths of neonatal PMNs increased from 6.7 +/- 1 micron (PBS) to 7.5 +/- 1 micron (f-Met-Leu-Phe) or 7.3 +/- 1 micron (C5a) as compared to values of 6.5 +/- 1 micron (PBS), 11.1 +/- 1 micron (f-Met-Leu-Phe), and 10.9 +/- 1 micron (C5a) for adult PMNs exposed to gradients or uniform concentrations of CFs (P less than .01 for both f-Met-Leu-Phe and C5a). Thus, the polymerized tubulin mass product of chemotactically stimulated neonatal PMNs (202 micron) was significantly (P less than .001) diminished as compared to adult PMNs (360 micron). As shown by a [3H]colchicine binding assay, impaired MT assembly could not be attributed to diminished cytoplasmic tubulin content of neonatal PMNs, which was comparable to adult PMNs.
Lessons of 1932

This article analyzes the estate and gift tax provisions included in the Revenue Act of 1932, exploring the details of key decisions and the motivations of those who made them. The choices made in 1932 have helped shape the fundamental structure of U.S. estate and gift taxation for nearly eight decades, including our modern estate and gift tax code. This Article seeks to inform the current debate regarding the future of estate and gift taxes by drawing lessons from the events of 1932. This Article is excerpted in significant part from a more comprehensive work: Ghosts of 1932: The Lost History of Estate and Gift Taxation (Florida Tax Review, Vol. 9, No. 10, 2010). Available at SSRN: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1438181.
Fair Price Shops and Consumer Protection

It is now universally accepted that the level of consumer rights and protection is a true indicator of the development of a country and the progressiveness of its civil society. The reasons for universal acceptance of consumer rights and protection, as often cited, are: the rapidly increasing variety of goods and services which modern technology has made available; the growing size and complexity of production and distribution system; Fair price shops are run predominantly by cooperatives and a limited number of fair price shops by Tamilnadu Civil Supplies Corporation. The Government has opened 1250 additional part time fair price shops and 148 new shops from 01.06.2006 to 31.03.2009. Present study will show how for the consumers have been benefited in FPS and consumer awareness about their rights in terms of the objectives of FPS.The objectives of the present study are: 1. To study the socio-economic conditions of FPS consumers. 2. To study the problems relating to the implementations of the FPS. 3. To study the benefits derived out of FPS. 4. To offer suggestions to improve the working of FPS.Present study is empirical in nature and will be studied using primary data. Survey method was followed for this study. Three villages from Tuticorin District Viz, Puthukkottai, Meelavittan, and Attimarapatti were selected for this study. From Tuticorin District 180 respondents (90 Below Poverty Line Consumers and 90 Above Poverty Line Consumers) were selected using simple random sampling. The data relates to the month of December 2010. The effectiveness of fair price shops is measured based on the responses given by the respondents of this study. Percentage analysis, averages, chi-square tests, Cramer’s V and probability analysis were used.
Biochemical studies on adenovirus multiplication: I. Stimulation of phosphorus incorporation into deoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid

Abstract Multiple infection of mass cultures of KB cells with type 2 adenovirus resulted in marked stimulation of incorporation of P32-orthophosphate into RNA mononucleotides and DNA. Studies at several time intervals revealed greatest incorporation of P32 into RNA at 9–18 hours, into DNA at both 9–18 and 18–27 hours after infection. The data are interpreted as indicating a virus-stimulated incorporation of medium P32 at 9–18 hours into the phosphate pool of the cell. At this time, the acid-soluble nucleotide and phospholipid fractions were also found to be more active in infected than in uninfected cells. The prolonged increased uptake of isotope into the DNA of the infected cell may reflect, in addition to a more highly labeled phosphate pool, a stimulated synthesis of a new DNA, perhaps virus precursor.
Inelastic Collisions in an Ultracold Cs Rydberg Gas

We present measurements of inelastic collisions between ultracold Cs Rydberg atoms using time-of-flight velocity distributions. The collision mechanism is identified by comparison to Rydberg atom pair potentials calculated using matrix diagonalization.
An Expectancy Theory Approach to Group Coordination: Expertise, Task Features, and Member Behavior

Working in a group requires coordination. The current paper examines coordination in terms of member-level behavioral choices. Extending expectancy theory to a collaborative group setting, we interpret past findings on expertise and hypothesize that component features (specifically their difficulty and worth relative to each other) impact member behavior and hence coordination both directly and by moderating the role of expertise. Findings were largely as predicted, suggesting that an expectancy theory perspective may be a useful tool for the study and understanding of coordination. An exploratory examination of recordings of group interaction suggested that although most of our groups discussed coordination strategies, the strategies discussed did not generally map to the behavioral choices observed. Implications for coordination in general and transactive memory specifically are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
COASTAL APPLICATIONS OF THE ERTS-A SATELLITE

This paper describes the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS) placed in orbit in July 1972 and the ERTS simulation high altitude aircraft flights which have been flown for approximately one year. The ERTS satellite and simulation programs conducted by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have been developed to demonstrate the techniques for efficient management of the earth's resources. To achieve this objective the ERTS-A satellite provides for the repetitive acquisition of high resolution multispectral data of the earth's surface on a global basis. Two sensor systems have been selected for this purpose: a fourchannel multispectral scanner (MSS) subsystem for ERTS-A and a threecamera return beam vidicon (RBV) system. Systematic repeating earth coverage under nearly constant observation conditions is provided for maximum utility of the multispectral images collected by the ERTS satellite, which operates in a circular sun synchronous nearly polar orbit at an altitude of 494 nautical miles. It circles the earth every 103 minutes completing 14 orbits per day and views the entire earth in 18 days. The orbit has been selected so that the satellite ground trace repeats its earth coverage at the same local time every 18-day period within 20 nautical miles. A number of data output products are available from this satellite which include 70 mm products for precise location of topographic features, 9.5 inch positive or paper prints and also computer compatible tapes or punched cards. Also described are the results of the ERTS-A simulation flights flown at an altitude of 65,000 feet as related to coastal studies. Simulations of both the RBV and MSS in coastal areas are presented.
Fingerprint Biometry Applications of Digital Holography and Low-Coherence Interference Microscopy

Two-dimensional latent images as well as three-dimensional images of finger print molds are produced using quantitative phase microscopy by digital holography, digital interference holography, and low-coherence interference microscopy.
An Evaluation of the Neuroscience Journals in a Large Urban Public University

The purpose of this study is to evaluate neuroscience scholarly journals in academic libraries and to identify the most important journals for academic study, teaching, and research. A Web-based survey of faculty members of the City University of New York participating in different neuroscience programs was carried out. As a result of this study, the list of 116 professional journals which academic neuroscience faculty used regularly for clinical/research information, teaching, and current awareness was compiled. The strength of this listing is that all journals are grouped in three separate use categories: for research, for teaching, and for current awareness. In addition, the ranked list of 43 most influential periodicals was generated. These results are of interest to collection development librarians, to better understand their users’ needs. Furthermore, this project might be of interest to academic faculty and scholars teaching and/or researching in the different areas of neuroscience.
A 6-HTRT Parallel Robot for Precision Adjustment

To accomplish a task of optical precision adjustment,a 6-DOF precise parallel robot with architecture of HTRT is presented,which is driven by AC servo motors.Its architecture characteristics confirm that the parallel robot has a high precision positioning.Inverse kinematic solution and workspace are discussed.The parallel control system adopts the closed loop position control method based on ISA bus.The experimental results show that the robot has a bigger workspace,high resolution and high positioning accuracy,which validates design rationality of architecture and control system.Finally,optical precision assembly is accomplished successfully by the parallel robot.
Patient Perceptions of Telehealth Primary Care Video Visits

PURPOSE Telehealth is a care delivery model that promises to increase the flexibility and reach of health services. Our objective is to describe patient experiences with video visits performed with their established primary care clinicians. METHODS We constructed semistructured, in-depth qualitative interviews with adult patients following video visits with their primary care clinicians at a single academic medical center. Data were analyzed with a content analysis approach. RESULTS: Of 32 eligible patients, 19 were successfully interviewed. All patients reported overall satisfaction with video visits, with the majority interested in continuing to use video visits as an alternative to in-person visits. The primary benefits cited were convenience and decreased costs. Some patients felt more comfortable with video visits than office visits and expressed a preference for receiving future serious news via video visit, because they could be in their own supportive environment. Primary concerns with video visits were privacy, including the potential for work colleagues to overhear conversations, and questions about the ability of the clinician to perform an adequate physical examination. CONCLUSIONS Primary care video visits are acceptable in a variety of situations. Patients identified convenience, efficiency, communication, privacy, and comfort as domains that are potentially important to consider when assessing video visits vs in-person encounters. Future studies should explore which patients and conditions are best suited for video visits.
WARRING CHAINS OF SIGNIFIERS : METAPHORIC AMBIVALENCE AND THE POLITICS OF PARADISE LOST

The critical traditions generated by the epic similes and metaphors of Paradise Lost demonstrate how the paradigm of Miltonic certainty has guided interpretation, and once more, the conflict between Bentley and Pearce both sets and exemplifies the pattern. In Milton’s “Paradise Lost”: A New Edition (1732), Bentley objected to the metaphors in Paradise Lost on the grounds of incongruity. Faced with the seeming inappropriateness of the epic similes at the end of Book 4, Bentley huffs “What are sheaves bound up in a Barn to the Phalanx, that hem’d Satan? Where’s the least Similitude? Besides to suppose a Storm in the Field of Corn, implies that the Angels were in a ruffle and hurry about Satan, not in regular and military Order” (sig. T4v). The metaphors offend Bentley’s sense of what constitutes an appropriate or legitimate comparison, and so he often either emends them or tries to drop them altogether. Responding to Milton’s comparison of “the flying Fiend” to ships far off (2.636–43), Bentley unleashes his usual scorn: “This long and tedious Comparison is so silly here and pedantical, quite improper for the Place; that I am willing to believe it spurious, and to charge the Editor with it, as often before” (sig. I3v). What really bothers Bentley is that everything takes place in the dark, and so he concludes his objections with this rhetorical question: “And why is all this done Nightly, to contradict the whole Account?” (sig. I3v).
Energy Storage Planning in Active Distribution Grids: A Chance-Constrained Optimization With Non-Parametric Probability Functions

By considering the specific characteristics of random variables in active distribution grids, such as their statistical dependencies and often irregularly-shaped probability distributions, we propose a non-parametric chance-constrained optimization approach to operate and plan energy storage units in power distribution girds. In particular, we develop new closed-form stochastic models for the key operational parameters in the system. Our approach is analytical and allows formulating tractable optimization problems. Yet, it does not involve any restricting assumption on the distribution of random parameters, hence, it results in accurate modeling of uncertainties. Different case studies are presented to compare the proposed approach with the conventional deterministic and parametric stochastic approaches, where the latter is based on approximating random variables with Gaussian probability distributions.
Nutritional Supplementation of the Growth-Retarded Fetus

In the United States and Great Britain, approximately one-third of all infants born weighing less than 2500 g are not premature but are rather mature infants whose growth has been retarded in utero.1 Even preterm infants may be markedly undergrown for their dates.2 These intrauterine growth-retarded, or small-for-gestational-age infants, have a higher neonatal death rate than do normally grown infants of the same gestation.3,4 They have an increased incidence of neonatal problems and long-term adverse sequelae,1 including a reduction in ultimate stature5–8 and neurologic abnormalities.9–11 To avoid these damaging sequelae, means of preventing growth retardation have been sought. One approach that has been suggested, and tried in the human, is intrauterine nutritional supplementation of the poorly growing fetus.12 It is the purpose of this chapter to present the rationale behind considering nutritional therapy, to discuss the theoretical considerations important in administering nutrients to the fetus, and to review the human and animal studies carried out thus far.
MIST1 Links Secretion and Stress as both Target and Regulator of the Unfolded Protein Response

Transcriptional networks that govern secretory cell specialization, including instructing cells to develop a unique cytoarchitecture, amass extensive protein synthesis machinery, and be embodied to respond to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, remain largely uncharacterized. In this study, we discovered that the secretory cell transcription factor MIST1 (Bhlha15), previously shown to be essential for cytoskeletal organization and secretory activity, also functions as a potent ER stress-inducible transcriptional regulator. Genome-wide DNA binding studies, coupled with genetic mouse models, revealed MIST1 gene targets that function along the entire breadth of the protein synthesis, processing, transport, and exocytosis networks. Additionally, key MIST1 targets are essential for alleviating ER stress in these highly specialized cells. Indeed, MIST1 functions as a coregulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR) master transcription factor XBP1 for a portion of target genes that contain adjacent MIST1 and XBP1 binding sites. Interestingly, Mist1 gene expression is induced during ER stress by XBP1, but as ER stress subsides, MIST1 serves as a feedback inhibitor, directly binding the Xbp1 promoter and repressing Xbp1 transcript production. Together, our findings provide a new paradigm for XBP1-dependent UPR regulation and position MIST1 as a potential biotherapeutic for numerous human diseases.
Address at the International Peace Congress (1922)

I am very happy to represent here the Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom, because if I represented an American society it would be much more difficult for me to make peace with my very old friend, Samuel Gompers (laughter).
El art-narcó arquitectónico y el arte de citar

Desde finales de la decada de los ochenta, el termino narcoarquitectura comenzo a emplearse en el contexto mexicano implicando un incuestionable poder referencial o denotativo. La evidencia fotografica ofrecida por Guadalajara, Jalisco, ciudad integrada desde hace varias decadas a circuitos economicos del narcotrafico, e inclusive sede de la fundacion de carteles, parece refutar lo establecido para sugerir otros esquemas interpretativos.
Inhaled corticosteroids: Effects on growth and bone health.

Abstract Background Both slowed growth in children and reduced bone mineral density (BMD) are systemic effects of corticosteroids, and there is concern about the degree to which these systemic effects affect growth and BMD. Objective To engage in a data-driven discussion of the effects of inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) on growth in children and BMD. Methods Articles were selected based on their relevance to this review. Results Studies of ICSs in children in which growth was a secondary outcome have revealed slowed growth associated with low doses of budesonide, fluticasone propionate, and beclomethasone dipropionate. In the study of budesonide, the effect was permanent, and in the study of fluticasone propionate, the effect was long-lasting, but it is unclear whether the effect was permanent. However, the results of studies in which growth was the primary outcome were mixed. Slowed growth was detected in a study of beclomethasone dipropionate; however, slowed growth was not detected in a study of ciclesonide or flunisolide. A decrease in BMD acquisition in children was associated with high doses but not low to medium doses of ICSs. In adults, there was a dose-related effect of ICSs on BMD. Both higher daily dose and larger cumulative dose were associated with increased bone density loss. Conclusion Because of the systemic effects on growth and bone health, children should be monitored for growth using stadiometry every 3 to 6 months and BMD should be monitored yearly in patients being treated with high doses of ICSs.
Theories of Music

Music—why we enjoy it, why it has such power over us, its origins, its evolution, and its cognitive functions—has been considered a mystery by Aristotle, by Darwin, and by contemporary musicologists. This chapter reviews attempts to explain mysterious properties of music from Pythgoras till today. Ancient Greek philosophers saw dangers of untamed emotions and looked for musical appeal to reason. Since Renaissance emotional power of music was gradually accepted, Tonality emerged for expressing emotions in music. Based on Descartes’ theory of emotions, “The Doctrine of the Affections” was developed. Deficiencies of Descartes’ theory are related to opera seria, Calzabigi and Gluck reform is related to synthesis of emotions and reason. Misunderstanding of cognitive mechanisms affects development of opera. The first attempt at scientific understanding of music begins since Helmholtz, whose theory is briefly summarized. While in the Middle Ages Church has been afraid of strong emotions, today this role is performed by “academic” musicians. Prominent current theories of musical emotions are briefly summarized: while interesting ideas are discussed, scientific understanding is missing, contradictions and confusions abound. Music remains a mystery.
Student perceptions of the impact and value of incorporation of reflective writing across a pharmacy curriculum.

Abstract Introduction To assess student perceptions regarding the impact and value of incorporating written reflection across a pharmacy curriculum. Methods Throughout the first three years of the pharmacy curriculum, students use the “What, So What, Now What” format to write 18 reflections within five didactic and six experiential courses. For the 93 students in the class of 2015, individual course evaluation questions measuring perceptions of the impact of reflective writing on their achievement of curricular outcomes were analyzed. Student perceptions of reflective writing's value and impact on their professional development were obtained via a survey administered to the class of 2015 after their third professional year. Results Students identified reflection (100%) and written reflection (98%) as having some degree of importance to their professional development. However, only 42% of students felt that reflective writing had an appreciable or significant impact on their professional development. Most students indicated that reflective writing had a positive impact on their sensitivity to specific patient populations, ethical behavior, interpersonal skills, and ability to provide patient-centered, interprofessional care. Conclusion This study found that most students found some value in reflective writing, felt that reflective writing positively impacted their self-awareness and professional behaviors, and were able to identify benefits of the reflective writing program.
Natural Gas Markets in the United States: 1988 to 2010

Abstract This paper summarizes the U.S. natural gas demand and supply outlook projected in the 1989 GRI Baseline Projection of U.S. Energy Supply and Demand. The paper presents the baseline projection of natural gas demand in the major end-use sectors (e.g., residential, commercial, industrial, electric utility, and transportation) and the slate of supply sources expected to meet that demand over the period from 1988 to 2010. The paper will also look at the potential for expanding gas markets in new applications—pollution control, space cooling, cogeneration, and transportation. The focus of the paper will oe on trie implications of the projecteα trends in natural gas consumption and supply for energy producers, consumers, and regulators.
Evaluation of Experience with Lower Extremity Arterial Injuries at an Urban Trauma Center.

Lower extremity arterial injuries (LEAIs) can be complicated injuries resulting in limb loss and death. Patients with LEAI often have multiple injuries increasing the risk for morbidity and mortality. We sought to evaluate the incidence and management of LEAI and to define associations between injuries and outcomes. We performed a retrospective review of LEAI at an urban level-1 trauma center from April 2005 to April 2015. Chi-square tests were used to compare independent groups with respect to mortality and amputation. Means were compared between independent groups using two-sample t-tests. From April 2005 to April 2015, 208 arterial injuries occurred in 163 patients. The majority (80.4%) suffered concomitant lower extremity injuries with 35.6% suffering systemic injuries. Surgical intervention was required for 72.1% of injuries. Amputation rate was 14.7%. Mortality rate was 8.0%. Data from 2010 to 2015 were more specifically analyzed. Injury severity score (ISS) was higher with fatalities (37 ± 13.16 vs. 11.8 ± 8.51, p
Response to: ’Elephant in the room' by Hartung et al

We read the letter to the editor ‘Elephant in the room’ by Hartung et al in response to our open-label pilot clinical trial report on the use of repository corticotropin injection (RCI) in refractory polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM).1 2 First, the authors believe that the population studied may not be truly resistant given that only 3 of the 10 patients were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) before entering the trial. There are strong data to support that patients with myositis who have failed 40-60mg slow prednisolne taper and an average of 2.6 immunosuppressive drugs in addition to nearly 20 mg of prednisone at study entry are considered. In the largest international multicentre randomised clinical trial done on PM and DM—the Rituximab in Myositis (RIM) trial, which included many international myositis experts, subjects failed an average of 3.1 immunosuppressive drugs in addition to at least 20 mg of prednisone.3 Our pilot cohort is clearly consistent with RIM trial entry criteria in terms of subject refractoriness. Further, there is no clear consensus definition of ‘refractory myositis’ and, in general, patients failing high dose glucocorticoids plus one additional immunosuppressive agent in adequate doses for a reasonable period of time can be considered ‘refractory’. Regarding IVIg, although we agree that IVIg is …
Exploring the Components of Our Quality of Life Index

As we explored the components of each indicator that would eventually be included in our index, we bore in mind our central purpose of investigating the political implications of quality of life as well as the theory behind our work. There are also, of course, statistical justifications, checks, and validations we discussed while developing the index, but the theory drove and guided our inclusions and brought us to the relevant statistical tests. Mathematical work without a guiding theory adds little of value to policy issues. This chapter builds on our previous work with a wider and better streamlined dataset, greater depth on each indicator we discuss, as well as more forms of validation. It is largely an extension of previous work where we provided fewer details and justified an earlier version of our index using fewer statistical methods (Yonk, Smith, & Wardle, 2017).
Natural History of Degenerative Rotator Cuff Tears

In the past several years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the natural history of rotator cuff disease. Studies have continued to provide valuable insight into the clinical, radiographic, and anatomic features of these atraumatic tears. Our purpose is to summarize the findings and contributions from these recent high-quality studies. Current research has continued to describe and provide understanding into the natural history of atraumatic rotator cuff disease, including symptom progression, tear enlargement, and the development of arthritis. This knowledge has allowed identification of tears with higher risk of disease progression. Additionally, studies have investigated, with long-term healing data, whether the natural history of degenerative rotator cuff tears can be altered with surgical intervention. Recent studies have shown encouraging mid to long-term healing data and clinical outcome scores for smaller tears in younger patients with minimal fatty infiltration. Future research should focus on obtaining long-term healing data, functional outcome data, and refining surgical indications for rotator cuff repair. Identifying patients with specific tear characteristics amendable to healing will allow us to provide a long-term, durable repair, thus interrupting the natural history of degenerative rotator cuff disease.
Abstract P290: Human Stomach Gastrin is Regulated by Sodium Human Stomach Gastrin Secretion is Regulated by Ingested Sodium and the Dopamine 1 Receptor

Dietary sodium stimulates the renal excretion of sodium long before there is expansion of the extracellular fluid volume. We have previously shown that an increase in sodium concentration in the incubation buffer in human SW626 colon adenocarcinoma cells that express gastrin-secreting G- cells increased gastrin mRNA and protein. Thus, we hypothesized that increasing extracellular sodium would also increase gastrin expression in normal human stomach G-cells. The highest sodium concentration (170 mM) increased gastrin protein expression significantly (all cell lines were normalized to their gastrin expression at 90 mM, sodium). In normal human G-cells cultured in non-polarized conditions, the normalized gastrin expression in cells incubated in 143mM sodium was 0.98 ± 0.06; 170mM sodium increased gastrin expression 1.515 ± 0.106-fold (n=4 different cell lines, P 1 R) is expressed in G-cells and may play a role in regulation of gastrin expression. We now report the presence of the complete dopamine biosynthetic pathway in human G-cells: tyrosine hydroxylase is expressed ubiquitously in the stomach while DOPA decarboxylase is expressed selectively in G-cells where D 1 R is also expressed. We have reported that in the kidney, gastrin, via CCKBR and dopamine, via D 1 R synergistically increase renal sodium excretion. Thus, the pathway that is involved in the increase in sodium excretion after the ingestion sodium involves sodium- and D 1 R-mediated increase in gastrin expression in G-cells, followed by secretion of gastrin into the circulation to interact with kidney mediated gastrin pathways.
Perceptual and arterial occlusion responses to very low load blood flow restricted exercise performed to volitional failure.

Purpose Studies examining perceptual and arterial occlusion responses between blood flow restricted exercise and high load exercise often prescribe an arbitrary number of repetitions, making it difficult for direct comparisons. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare these protocols when performed to volitional failure. Methods Individuals completed four exercise conditions varying in load and pressure: (i) 15% 1RM; no restrictive pressure, (ii) 15% 1RM; 40% arterial occlusion pressure, (iii) 15% 1RM; 80% arterial occlusion pressure, and (iv) 70% 1RM; no pressure. Four sets of knee extension exercises were performed until volitional failure (or until 90 repetitions per set) was completed. Results A total of 23 individuals completed the study. While all conditions increased arterial occlusion pressure, the greatest increases (~30%) were observed in the blood flow restriction conditions. All lower load conditions resulted in greater RPE and discomfort than that of the high load condition, but only discomfort was increased further when adding blood flow restriction. Conclusion High load exercise will likely be perceived more favourably than lower load exercise to volitional failure; however, those who are incapable or unwilling to lift heavier loads may use blood flow restriction to help reduce the volume needed to reach volitional failure, although this will likely increase discomfort.
Allegheny college hosts neuroscience and humanities summer institute.

The Neuroscience and Humanities Summer Institute, hosted by Allegheny College, opened doors of opportunity, perception, and creativity for faculty and students across the nation. Offered first in 2002, and a second time in June of 2004, this weeklong event was designed to provide a medium for fostering development of interdisciplinary courses linking neuroscience and the humanities (e.g., the fine arts, philosophy and language). During the Institute, participants attended presentations by Allegheny faculty introducing the six courses of this type that they have developed starting in 2000, lectures by guest speakers, workshops, and discussion modules. Participants were encouraged to gather ideas about Allegheny’s neuroscience and humanities courses and formulate specific plans to take back to their schools. These opportunities and experiences resulted in the formation of valuable connections and the development of ideas around the links between neuroscience and humanities.
Sub-Optimal Breast Feeding Practices: Ethnographic approaches to building “Baby Friendly” communities

Observations that exclusive breastfeeding in the early months of life, extended partial breastfeeding and transition to high quality non-breast milk foods have biological benefits are unsurprising from an evolutionary perspective. Nevertheless, in order to ascertain the optimal timing of components of the human weaning process, one must adopt a rigorous comparative biomedical approach. Most research on human milk and lactation therefore uses evidence-based methods and clinical outcomes to quantify the effects of different “doses” of breastfeeding (“none”, “exclusive”, “partial”, “extended”, etc.) and to identify the nutritional, immunological and endocrinological mechanisms mediating such effects. Comparisons among groups of children exposed to different patterns of breastfeeding and complementary feeding show that only some patterns maximize growth and development, energy and nutrient intakes in relation to estimated requirements, and survival for the normal, healthy child.
Design and Implementation of a Dual Cell Link for Battery-Balancing Auxiliary Power Modules

In this paper, a novel balancing circuit is proposed for battery-balancing auxiliary power modules. By connecting two battery cells on the primary side instead of filtering capacitors, the topology offers features like reduced-cost and three-mode balancing, including the combination of cell to cell and cell to auxiliary in either power flow direction for each cell within one bridge. A modified phase shift control with asymmetric duty cycle is developed for preventing transformer from saturation, and for adjusting the DC offset current of the transformer to realize different balancing modes. A general design guidance for the passive components of the circuit, such as transformer and output filtering capacitor, is provided for given output power and peak current limitations, inclusive a design example. Three balancing modes are validated at 10 MHz switching frequency.
Student Perception on the Study of Evolution in a General Biology Course in a Christian College

This study investigated students’ perceptions of the study of evolution in a small conservative Christian college. Students’ interest in the subject is influenced by several factors, including prio...
Teachers’ Perceptions of Self- and Peer-Identified Victims

This study examined whether teachers perceived difference between youth with divergent self- and peer-reports of victimization who exhibit varying patterns of adjustment. Using an ethnically diverse sample of 1360 students from 5th grade classrooms (Mage = 12.01) in rural schools across the USA, we examined teachers’ perceptions of four different victim groups identified using latent profile analysis: convergent victims (high self- and peer-reports of victimization), self-identified victims (high self-, low peer-reports), peer-identified victims (high peer-, low self-reports), and nonvictims (low self- and peer-reports). We found that teachers perceived meaningful differences between victim groups on academic (e.g., problems paying attention), social (e.g., popularity, liked by peers), behavioral (e.g., aggression), and psychological (i.e., internalizing) indices as well as students’ involvement in bullying. Key findings include that convergent victims had more problems academically (i.e., paying attention in class) and were more frequently bullied compared to all other victim groups according to teachers. Teachers also viewed self-identified victims as having more psychological problems and as being more frequently bullied than nonvictims, although they perceived no differences between self-identified victims and nonvictims on indices of social functioning such as popularity, whether they were liked by peers, or whether they were a class leader. Implications for our understanding of different types of victims and suggestions for how teachers and school personnel may support them are discussed.
Ulnar-Sided Wrist Pain: A Critical Analysis Review.

Ulnar-sided wrist pain encompasses a variety of pathologies including arthritis, tendinopathy, ligament injuries, and instability.A careful physical examination can narrow the differential diagnosis, and adjunctive imaging may prove useful to confirm clinical suspicion.The mainstay of nonoperative t
Participation as Entangled Self Assertion

In diesem Artikel beschaftigen wir uns mit dem Konzept der Partizipation und damit, wie es in ethnografischen und kritisch-partizipativen Handlungsforschungsprojekten verstanden und genutzt wurde und wird. Wir gehen dabei entlang ausgewahlter Szenarien aus unserer Feldforschungsarbeit an die Grenzen des ublichen Verstandnisses von Partizipation, das wir bis dahin unhinterfragt akzeptiert hatten. In unserer Arbeit ist uns Partizipation zunachst als Rebellion, dann als Widerstand und schlieslich als eine Art und Weise der Selbstvergewisserung begegnet, als die Nutzung von Optionen, die eigene Wurde und den eigenen Wert in institutionellen Kontexte wiederaufzurichten, in denen diese minimiert und geleugnet worden waren. Dieses Verstandnis von Partizipation als Modus der Herstellung der eigenen Wurde verweist darauf, dass Wissen fur das Selbst weder neutral noch von diesem trennbar ist.
Modeling Genome Data Using Bidirectional LSTM

Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a special kind of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) architecture which is designed to model sequences and their long-range dependencies more precisely than RNNs. This paper proposes to use deep bidirectional LSTM for sequence modeling as an approach to perform locality-sensitive hashing (LSH)-based sequence alignment. In particular, we use the deep bidirectional LSTM to learn features of LSH. The obtained LSH is then can be utilized to perform sequence alignment. We demonstrate the feasibility of the modeling sequences using the proposed LSTM-based model by aligning the short read queries over the reference genome. We use the human reference genome as our training dataset, in addition to a set of short reads generated using Illumina sequencing technology. The ultimate goal is to align query sequences into a reference genome. We first decompose the reference genome into multiple sequences. These sequences are then fed into the bidirectional LSTM model and then mapped into fixed-length vectors. These vectors are what we call the trained LSH, which can then be used for sequence alignment. The case study shows that using the introduced LSTM-based model, we achieve higher accuracy with the number of epochs.
Moderate-to-severe symptoms among survivors of early-stage breast cancer.

e19644 Background: This cross-sectional survey describes the prevalence of moderate/severe symptoms among patients in a survivorship clinic. Methods: We administered QoL questionnaires (FACT-B, SF-...
Effects of a Peer-Mediated Aerobic Conditioning Program on Fitness Measures with Children Who Have Moderate and Severe Disabilities.

Concerns about the physical fitness of children with moderate and severe intellectual disabilities have received relatively little attention in the literature. A school-based aerobic conditioning program for such children was developed and evaluated experimentally. Unique aspects of the program are its emphases on children who have moderate and severe disabilities, on the experimental rigor of the evaluation, and on integration within the context of an exercise program. Two groups of children, each group from a different school, participated. Their entry into the program was staggered in a multiple baseline fashion. The results revealed that the level of fitness of both groups improved only at the point in time when the program was introduced. Individual results displayed greater variation; some children benefited and others did not. Consumer satisfaction measures suggest that both the students with disabilities and their nonhandicapped peers enjoyed participating in the program. Specific suggestions for ...
Resection of Enteric Duplication or Mesenteric Cyst

This chapter describes the surgical procedure for resection of enteric duplication or mesenteric cyst as performed by the following approaches: open and minimally invasive. The text includes an introduction that outlines the indications, risks, alternatives, essential steps, needed equipment, and variations in technique for the procedure in question. This is followed by a template operative dictation, which provides the reader with an operative report, such as is found in a patient chart or electronic medical record. A description is provided of the following critical concepts for this procedure: abdominal exploration, full evaluation of the small and large bowel, identification of the cyst, resection of the cyst with/without bowel resection, re-establishment of intestinal continuity, and abdominal closure.
Against the anticosmopolitan basic structure argument: the systemic concept of distributive justice and economic divisions of labor

I examine the main anticosmopolitan Rawslian argument, the ‘basic structure argument.’ It holds that distributive justice only applies to existing basic structures, there are only state basic struc...
Small area estimation of county-level U.S. HIV-prevalent cases.

Abstract Purpose Recent trends of HIV in the United States have indicated that the epidemic is no longer an urban issue; however, HIV data in rural settings are incomplete. Our objective was to estimate HIV prevalence in U.S. counties using small area estimation techniques (SAE) to better assess the burden of HIV nationally. Methods We performed SAE modeling to predict the reported number of HIV cases across the continental United States, including unreported counties using source data from the CDC National HIV Surveillance System. Our model borrowed strength from auxiliary HIV risk-indicator data, including geospatial information. Cross-validation was conducted to identify and assess the precision of the estimates. Results Our findings showed that most of the 677 unreported counties had low HIV prevalence levels (quintiles 1–2). Estimates in the South had high levels of HIV (quintile 4–5). Cross-validation techniques indicated good precision of the estimates, as 42% of the residuals were within ±10 HIV cases. Conclusions HIV was highest along the coastlines and in the U.S. South. Cross-validation techniques provided sufficient support of our model. Our study provides a more complete picture of the burden of HIV across the United States and identifies communities in need of future targeted interventions.
Rediscovering Israel’s Messiah:

In the ongoing endeavor to increasingly recast traditional Christian theology in non-supersessionist terms, recent books by Mark S. Kinzer and Edjan Westerman deserve particular attention. Both aut...
Microscale Thermophoresis (MST) to Detect the Interaction Between Purified Protein and Small Molecule

Microscale thermophoresis (MST) is a biophysical assay to quantify the interaction between molecules, such as proteins and small molecules. In recent years, the MST assay has been used to detect protein-protein and protein-drug interactions. The assay detects the interaction between molecules by quantifying the thermophoretic movement of fluorescent molecules in response to a temperature gradient. In practice, the fluorescent molecule is mixed with different concentrations of the nonfluorescent ligand, and the mixture of molecules in solution is loaded to capillaries. A temperature gradient is applied to samples in the capillaries, and the movement of the fluorescent molecule in the temperature gradient is detected and recorded. The effect of different concentrations of the nonfluorescent ligand on the movement of the fluorescent molecule is quantified to test for the interaction between molecules. If the fluorescent molecule interacts with the ligand, the molecular properties of the molecules, such as charge, size, and hydration shell, will influence the molecular motility. MST has the advantages of being quantitative and robust. In this chapter, we will use Endosidin2 and its target protein Arabidopsis thaliana EXO70A1 (AtEXO70A1), as an example to show the procedure of using MST to test the interaction between a GFP-tagged protein and a small molecule.
The case of αs: Z versus low energies or, how nature shows us new physics

The values of αs determined from low and high energy measurements are in irreconcilable contradiction with each other. The current status of the problem is critically reviewed. Consequences of the αs contradiction, in conjunction with other anomalies detected at the Z peak, are discussed. This article has been updated in accordance with experimental numbers reported at summer conferences.
Expert Reports Filed in CCLA v. Waterfront Toronto

Expert reports filed for the case CCLA v. Waterfront Toronto, on May 10, 2019 and April 29, 2020.