cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Injury-specific variables improve risk adjustment and hospital quality assessment in severe traumatic brain injury.

Background Hospital benchmarking is essential to quality improvement, but its usefulness depends on the ability of statistical models to adequately control for inter-hospital differences in patient mix. We explored whether the addition of injury-specific clinical variables to the current American College of Surgeons-Trauma Quality Improvement Program (TQIP) algorithm would improve model fit. Methods We analyzed a prospective registry containing all adult patients who presented to a regional consortium of 14 trauma centers between 2010 and 2011 with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). We used hierarchical logistic regression and stepwise forward selection to develop two novel risk-adjustment models. We then tested our novel models against the current TQIP model and ranked hospitals by their risk-adjusted mortality rates under each model to determine how model selection affects quality benchmarking. Results Seven hundred thirty-four patients met inclusion criteria. Stepwise selection resulted in two distinct models: one that added three TBI-specific variables (pupil reactivity, cerebral edema, loss of basal cisterns) to the model specification currently used by TQIP and another that combined two TBI-specific variables (pupil reactivity, cerebral edema) with a three-variable subset of TQIP (age, Abbreviated Injury Scale score for the head region, Glasgow Coma Scale motor score). Both novel models outperformed TQIP. Although rankings remained largely unchanged across model configurations, several hospitals moved across quality terciles. Conclusion The inclusion of injury-specific variables improves risk adjustment for patients with severe TBI. Trauma Quality Improvement Program should consider replacing several of its general patient characteristics with injury-specific clinical predictors to increase efficiency, reduce the risk of overfitting, and improve the accuracy of hospital benchmarking. Level of evidence Prognostic and epidemiological, level II.
Effect of taurine on toxicity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid monocrotaline in rats.

The pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), monocrotaline, is found in a variety of Crotalaria species in the legume family13. It has been responsible for a large number of human intoxications, most dramatically in the Caribbean nations of Jamaica3, 11, 31. For many years, monocrotaline-induced veno-occlusive disease of the liver was endemic, due to the use of the leaves of C. spectabilis in the preparation of the so-called “bush teas” that were commonly consumed. It was not until the 1950s that the cause of the condition was established2 and control measures instituted.
Effects of combined glucocorticoid/mineralocorticoid receptor modulation (CORT118335) on energy balance, adiposity, and lipid metabolism in male rats

Psychological stress and excess glucocorticoids are associated with metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. Glucocorticoids act primarily through mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors ...
A Race Re-Imaged, Intersectional Approach to Academic Mentoring: Exploring the Perspectives and Responses of Womxn in Science and Engineering Research

Abstract In academic mentoring research, there is a need to include empirical designs that consider more sociocultural perspectives. The purpose of this exploratory study was to race re-image academic mentoring by considering its sociocultural perspectives (i.e., intersectionality, tokenism, and awareness). For this, a qualitative-dominant, convergent mixed-methods approach was used to explore the perspectives and responses of twelve womxn graduate students and faculty involved in science and engineering research. Using multi-modal approaches that included two structured interviews and electrodermal activity (EDA) sensors, participants were asked to respond to case studies of achievement-, race-, and gender-equity through an academic mentoring lens. Our qualitative findings suggested that across the interviews, issues of power, communication strategies, and awareness are predominant themes and needs of academic mentoring in their respective disciplines. Furthermore, our quantitative findings supported the notion that throughout the interviews, varying forms of identities (e.g., social, institutional, discourse) appeared to predominate or interact throughout the cases explored. Together, the data points to the complex racial- and gender- influenced sociocultural perspectives of academic mentoring in science and engineering.
Online deception and situations conducive to the progression of non-payment fraud

Adopting the criminal event perspective, we explore how online fraudsters make use of urgency cues in their interactions with potential victims throughout the progression of an online nonpayment fr...
Super-Resolution Imaging in Fluid Mechanics Using New Illumination Approaches

Quantifying submillimeter flows using optical diagnostic techniques is often limited by a lack of spatial resolution and optical access. This review discusses two super-resolution imaging technique...
Hemoglobin variant detection

Abstract Hemoglobin (Hb) is the iron-containing protein within red blood cells, responsible for oxygen transport and delivery. Functional Hb is a tetramer consisting of four globular protein subunits organized as two heterodimers. Proportions of these subunits change over time during embryogenesis. Hb abnormalities may be categorized as structural hemoglobinopathies or thalassemias. Structural hemoglobinopathies occur when there is a mutation in a monomer, leading to a structurally abnormal Hb subunit. Thalassemias occur when there is a quantitative decrease in the overall amount of an Hb subunit. Both abnormalities may have significant clinical implications. Detection of Hb abnormalities relies heavily on the clinical laboratory. A variety of biochemical and molecular techniques are applied for characterization of hemoglobinopathies. Diagnostic testing for Hb disorders is frequently performed in the evaluation of anemia and microcytosis, pulmonary hypertension, and preoperative anesthesia evaluation. Testing is more recently increasing in volume due to implementation of prenatal and population-based screening programs.
Impact of the seated height to stature ratio on torso segment parameters.

Ergonomic modelling programmes such as the Three Dimensional Static Strength Prediction Programme (3DSSPP) are valuable tools for assessing strength capabilities and risk assessment. These tools re...
Population genetics of the Wyoming endemic Phlox pungens Dorn (Polemoniaceae)

Phlox pungens is a rare taxon restricted to cold deserts in the Wyoming Basins Ecoregion of west-central Wyoming, with occurrences in both the Wind River Basin (from which it was originally described) and the Green River Basin (populations that have been characterized as a different “morph”). The population genetics of P. pungens was investigated using microsatellite markers developed for the genus. Four microsatellite loci were genotyped from a total of 200 individuals of P. pungens from 10 sites. Ploidy levels were also assessed using flow cytometry. Most sampled populations of P. pungens were tetraploid, but 2 populations in the Green River Basin were diploid, and one high-ploidy population was discovered in the Wind River Basin. Mitotic chromosome counts were conducted for the high-ploidy site and documented the presence of 10x individuals (2n = approximately 70). Microsatellite data analysis revealed moderate genetic differentiation between populations of P. pungens, notably structured by geography with the Wind River Basin versus the Green River Basin (i.e., the 2 morphs) corresponding closely to different genetic groups. Cytotypic variation generally did not impact genetic patterns, with the exception of the high-ploidy population, which constituted a third genetic group with a high number of alleles per locus and many private alleles. The genetic differences between the 2 morphs were driven more by different allele frequencies than by fixation for different alleles at these microsatellite loci. The results of this study highlight the genetic differentiation between populations of P. pungens in the Wind River versus the Green River Basins. Moreover, P. pungens is part of a taxonomically challenging set of glandular cespitose Phlox taxa distributed in western North America, and our findings on population genetic variation in this rare taxon contribute to ongoing work on taxonomy and diversity in the Phlox study system.
A Resistor-less, Nano-Watt CMOS Voltage Reference with High PSRR

A resistor-less nano-Watt voltage reference circuit using only Metal-Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) is presented. To ensure low-power operation, the circuit is biased in the subthreshold region. The reference voltage is generated by using a temperature dependent current generated from a modified Oguey Current Source to bias a diode-connected MOSFET. The proposed circuit is simulated using a 65 nm Complimentary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) process. The circuit can operate from 0.65 to 2.5 V in the temperature range from -30 to $80^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$. The circuit achieves a temperature coefficient of 19.3 ppm $/^{\circ}\mathrm{C}$ while consuming 3.64 nW power at room temperature. The line sensitivity of the circuit is 0.0026 %/V and the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) is -75 dB at 100 Hz. The voltage reference occupies 0.0063 mm2 of area.
An overview of solar still enhancement approaches for increased freshwater production rates from a thermal process perspective

Abstract With a growing population, lack of balance between water demand and traditional freshwater supply has become a critical issue. A solar still is a simple, impactful device for producing freshwater from alternative water sources such as brackish water, wastewater, and brine by sole or partial consumption of solar energy. Solar stills are highly suited for the water-stressed regions with limited access to electricity but abundant solar energy, or places with no sustainable and affordable options for clean water. Owing to these advantages, fundamental and applied research related to solar stills has been of interest to the water industry. The main shortcoming of solar stills is the low freshwater productivity, and thus the research focus in the field has been to improve their productivity. Existing review articles on solar stills presented their classification based mostly on the structural designs and add-ons for boosting the freshwater production rate. However, a solar still is fundamentally a system involving thermal processes. Therefore, this overview, for the first time, presents the classification of the solar stills from the perspective of the basic thermal processes involved and the associated enhancement techniques pursued for each of these processes. The advantage of this review is that it will enable to systematically understand the role and impact of each thermal process on the freshwater production rate, thereby enabling a pathway for the future researchers to focus on developing solutions from a perspective of reducing the largest thermal resistances. In addition, the present paper reviewed the recent developments in interfacial-evaporation-based enhancements for solar stills, which was not covered in the existing reviews.
The curious case of DMSO: A CCSD(T)/CBS(aQ56+d) benchmark and DFT study

This work addresses the pathological behavior of the energetics of dimethyl sulfoxide and related sulfur-containing compounds by providing the computational benchmark energetics of R2E2 species, where R = H/CH3 and E = O/S, with bent and pyramidal geometries using state-of-the-art methodologies. These 22 geometries were fully characterized with coupled-cluster with single, double, and perturbative triple excitations [CCSD(T)], second-order Moller–Plesset perturbation theory (MP2), and 22 density functional theory (DFT) methods with 8, 12, and 12, respectively, correlation consistent basis sets of double-, triple-, or quadruple-ζ quality. The relative energetics were determined at the MP2 and CCSD(T) complete basis set (CBS) limits using 17 basis sets up to sextuple-ζ and include augmented, tight-d, and core–valence correlation consistent basis sets. The relative energies of oxygen-/sulfur-containing compounds exhibit exceptionally slow convergence to the CBS limit with canonical methods as well as significant basis set dependence. CCSD(T) with quadruple-ζ basis sets can give qualitatively incorrect relative energies. Explicitly correlated MP2-F12 and CCSD(T)-F12 methods dramatically accelerate the convergence of the relative energies to the CBS limit for these problematic compounds. The F12 methods with a triple-ζ quality basis set give relative energies that deviate no more than 0.41 kcal mol−1 from the benchmark CBS limit. The correlation consistent Composite Approach (ccCA), ccCA-TM (TM for transition metals), and G3B3 deviated by no more than 2 kcal mol−1 from the benchmark CBS limits. Relative energies for oxygen-/sulfur-containing systems fully characterized with DFT are quite unreliable even with triple-ζ quality basis sets, and 13 out of 45 combinations fortuitously give a relative energy that is within 1 kcal mol−1 on average from the benchmark CCSD(T) CBS limit for these systems.
Vibrational Ground-State Depletion for Enhanced Resolution Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy

Abstract The study of surfaces, which provides unique information on chemical and physical properties, has led to the development of specialized tools including Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) spectroscopy. To map the chemical heterogeneity across the surface plane, the SFG spectroscopic imaging has been developed. SFG imaging has proven to be a useful tool for studying surface specific species through their vibrational signatures. However, the effective resolution of the imaging is limited to micrometer length scales often by the diffraction limit of the mid-IR wavelengths deployed in vibrationally sensitive SFG imaging. Therefore, many interesting sub-micron features are out of reach for such imaging techniques. This article introduces a technique to achieve super-resolution using ground state depletion from a structured area around the focal-spot of a raster-scan imaging scheme. The proof-of-concept results are presented using hydrogen terminated silicon (Si(111)) as sample surface with results indicating a 3-fold resolution improvement.
Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex

This chapter discusses porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) in the broader sense of mixed respiratory infections that occur in swine of any age. It demonstrates a clear trend towards increasing case numbers of pneumonia due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, Bordetella bronchiseptica, and Actinobacillus suis. The increased incidence of PRRSV, PCV2, and A. suis-induced pneumonia is most remarkable. The sixfold increase in SIV can in large part be explained by the introduction of subtype H3N2 into the United States in 1998. The number of cases of pneumonia due to pseudorabies virus (PRV), A. pleuropneumoniae, and Salmonella choleraesuis is steady or decreasing. The chapter discusses some of the successful models of mixed infection and theories as to the pathogenic mechanisms of interaction. Epidemiological evidence that secondary bacterial infections often follow viral respiratory diseases is well documented. Although some of these superinfections have been replicated experimentally, specific mechanisms of interactions are poorly understood and often inferred based on pathogenesis of the viral infections. PRV, possibly porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), SIV, and PRRSV are all common viral respiratory pathogens of pigs, and all have been variously implicated in increasing the incidence of bacterial respiratory disease in herds which circulate the viruses. The chapter also talks about methods of treatment or prevention of respiratory disease in swine herds, which fall into the categories of management changes, vaccination, and antibiotic usage.
Eigen-PEP for Video Face Recognition

To effectively solve the problem of large scale video face recognition, we argue for a comprehensive, compact, and yet flexible representation of a face subject. It shall comprehensively integrate the visual information from all relevant video frames of the subject in a compact form. It shall also be flexible to be incrementally updated, incorporating new or retiring obsolete observations. In search for such a representation, we present the Eigen-PEP that is built upon the recent success of the probabilistic elastic part (PEP) model. It first integrates the information from relevant video sources by a part-based average pooling through the PEP model, which produces an intermediate high dimensional, part-based, and pose-invariant representation. We then compress the intermediate representation through principal component analysis, and only a number of principal eigen dimensions are kept (as small as 100). We evaluate the Eigen-PEP representation both for video-based face verification and identification on the YouTube Faces Dataset and a new Celebrity-1000 video face dataset, respectively. On YouTube Faces, we further improve the state-of-the-art recognition accuracy. On Celebrity-1000, we lead the competing baselines by a significant margin while offering a scalable solution that is linear with respect to the number of subjects.
Human detection of computer simulation mistakes in engineering experiments

This thesis investigates the notion that the more complex the experimental plan, the less likely an engineer is to discover a simulation mistake in a computer-based experiment. The author used an in vitro methodology to conduct an experiment with 54 engineers completing a design task to find the optimal configuration for a device with seven two-level control factors. Participants worked individually using a prescribed design approach dependent upon the randomly assigned experimental condition – an adaptive one-factor-at-a-time plan for the control group or a resolution III fractional factorial plan for the treatment group – with a flawed computer simulation of the device. A domain knowledge score was measured by quiz, and success or failure in discovering the flaw was measured by questioning during debriefing. About half (14 of 27) of the participants using the one-factor-at-a-time plan discovered the flaw, while nearly none (1 of 27) using the fractional factorial plan did so. Logistic regression analysis of the dichotomous outcome on treatment condition and domain knowledge score showed that flaw detection ability improved with increased domain knowledge, but that an advantage of two standard deviations in domain knowledge was insufficient to overcome the disadvantage of using the fractional factorial plan. Participant reactions to simulation results were judged by two independent raters for surprise as an indicator of expectation violation. Contingency analysis of the surprise rating results showed that participants using the fractional factorial plan were significantly less likely (risk ratio a 0.57) to appear surprised when the anomaly was elicited, but there was no difference in tendency to display surprise otherwise. The observed phenomenon has ramifications beyond simulation mistake detection. Cognitive psychologists have shown that the most effective way to learn a new concept is to observe unexpected behavior, investigate the cause, then integrate the new concept into one's mental model. If using a complex experimental plan hinders an engineer's ability to recognize anomalous data, the engineer risks losing opportunities to develop expertise. Initial screening and sensitivity analyses are recommended as countermeasures when using complex experiments, but more study is needed for verification. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Deterministic statistical mapping of sentences to underspecified semantics

We present a method for training a statistical model for mapping natural language sentences to semantic expressions. The semantics are expressions of an underspecified logical form that has properties making it particularly suitable for statistical mapping from text. An encoding of the semantic expressions into dependency trees with automatically generated labels allows application of existing methods for statistical dependency parsing to the mapping task (without the need for separate traditional dependency labels or parts of speech). The encoding also results in a natural per-word semantic-mapping accuracy measure. We report on the results of training and testing statistical models for mapping sentences of the Penn Treebank into the semantic expressions, for which per-word semantic mapping accuracy ranges between 79% and 86% depending on the experimental conditions. The particular choice of algorithms used also means that our trained mapping is deterministic (in the sense of deterministic parsing), paving the way for large-scale text-to-semantic mapping.
Identification of lymphocytes in percutaneous liver biopsy cores. Different T:B cell ratio in HB sAg-positive and -negative hepatitis.

The lymphocytes infiltrating the liver were isolated and characterized as T or B cells in three groups of patients: 20 patients with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive acute and chronic hepatitis, 8 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis with prior evidence for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, and 5 patients with HBsAg-negative chronic hepatitis without prior evidence for HBV infection. The predominant cell infiltrating the liver was shown to be a T cell in all categories; however, the ratio of T: B cells was significantly lower (1.96) in the patients without evidence for HBV infection than in the patients who were HBsAg-positive at (7.86), or before (8.85) the time of study. The significantly (P
Ocular tolerance to cyanoacrylate monomer tissue adhesive analogues.

Ocular tolerance to cyanoacrylate tissue adhesives was evaluated in rabbits. In the experimental studies, tissue adhesives were implanted intralamellarly, subconjunctivally, and in the anterior chamber. The eyes were examined clinically and histologically at different time intervals. In the cornea and conjunctiva, the adhesive reacted as any inert material. The reaction was considerably less than that to silk or catgut. In the anterior chamber, the reaction was moderate in most cases.
Swimming Wolves, Canis lupus , Attack a Swimming Moose, Alces alces

In August 2008 at a small pond on Isle Royale, Michigan, we saw three Wolves ( Canis lupus ) run towards and leap at or onto a cow Moose ( Alces alces ) standing at the shore's edge in water ca. 1.7 m deep. The Moose swam out into the pond with the Wolves swimming in pursuit while attempting, with occasional success, to climb on the back of the Moose. The chase eventually moved out of our view, but a week later we found a Wolf-eaten cow on the pond's shoreline where we estimated it might have been killed. The animal was ca. 14-yr old with arthritic lesions in the pelvic region. This is apparently the first published report of swimming Wolves attacking and killing a swimming Moose, the kill likely having been made as the Moose emerged from the pond. Remains of a second kill in that pond were found shortly thereafter.
A Prominent Role for Activator Protein-1 in the Transcription of the Human 2B4 (CD244) Gene in NK Cells

The cell surface glycoprotein 2B4 (CD244) of the Ig superfamily is involved in the regulation of NK and T lymphocyte functions. We have recently identified CD48 as the high affinity counterreceptor for 2B4 in both mice and humans. The cytoplasmic domain of 2B4 associates with src homology 2 domain-containing protein or signaling lymphocyte activation molecule-associated protein, whose mutation is the underlying genetic defect in the X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome. In this study, we report the molecular cloning and characterization of the human 2B4 (h2B4) promoter. Through primer extension analysis, we found that the transcription of the h2B4 gene initiates at multiple start sites. We isolated h2B4 genomic clones and PCR amplified the 5′ untranslated region containing the promoter elements. We have identified a functional AP-1 site that lies between (−106 to −100) through transient transfection analysis in YT cells, a human NK cell line. EMSAs with Abs specific for various protein factors of the AP-1 family revealed that multiple members of the Jun family are involved in the regulation of the h2B4 gene. Mutation of the AP-1 site not only abolishes protein/DNA interactions but also promoter activity. These results demonstrate a significant role for AP-1 in the transcriptional regulation of the h2B4 gene.
Entrepreneurship in Economic Theory

Examines the historic inability of economic theory to develop a formal analysis of entrepreneurship. The entrepreneur is the major catalyst to the process of economic growth, a central force in both micro and macro economics. Despite this reality, in formal theory, the entrepreneur's role has historically been conspicuously absent. The economic models call for no entrepreneurial initiative, so that theoretically, business people remain passive "automaton maximizers." In fact, contributors from the disciplines of psychology and sociology have made more significant advances - by analyzing social and cultural conditions for entrepreneurship - than have economic theorists. Though it is decided that the supply of entrepreneurship, the entrepreneur's strategies, attitudes to risk, and idea sources cannot be analyzed in a systematic manner, the encouragement of these entrepreneurial behaviors and activities can be theoretically advanced. Theory, then, should consider not how the entrepreneur bears risk or employs R&D, but how the marginal cost of risk-bearing can be reduced, and what economic conditions make R&D easiest and most effective. These theoretical questions clearly bear upon policymaking, since, it is argued, the key to stimulating economic growth is the establishment of policies encouraging entrepreneurship. (CJC)
Seizures in people with cancer.

CASE STUDY: Ms. S is a 52-year-old woman who was diagnosed with infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma two years prior. She was treated with mastectomy followed by focal radiation and FAC (5-fluorouracil, adriamycin, and cyclophosphamide). One year ago, she began experiencing headaches. A magnetic resonance imaging scan with gadolinium revealed a 2 cm enhancing mass in the left temporal lobe, and she received whole-brain irradiation.
The sensitivity of matched sampling methodology in the literature of foreign acquisition

Borrowed from program evaluation literature, the combination of Difference-in-Differences (DD) estimation with propensity score matching is becoming popular in the literature of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This study evaluates the extent to which the matching estimator is sensitive to the choice of matching methods and compares the matching estimator with various panel data techniques widely used in the related literature that resolve the endogeneity issue. Using the panel data on Indonesian manufacturing establishments for 1975–2005, I find that the different matching methods produce similar estimates when the balancing property is satisfied. Furthermore, estimates from the matching estimator are most similar to fixed-effects estimates and dynamic panel estimates.
Design and analysis issues in the cross-cultural evaluation of psychotherapies

Psychotherapies and cultures cannot be made experimentally independent because important input, process, and outcome variables essentially involve participants' meanings, emics, which are not naturally invariant across cultures. Factor analysis can be helpful in describing the analogues of a specific psychotherapy in several cultures once relevant emic variables have been developed for each culture. The special problems of cross-cultural research complicate the usual problems of psychotherapy research, those of defining outcome and specific therapies and of measuring the response function of outcome to the various amounts of the therapy. However, the special problems of cross-cultural research, of meaning variation, also exist in intracultural psychotherapy research, though they have received little notice.
A comparison of intraocular pressure elevating activity of loteprednol etabonate and dexamethasone in rabbits.

A “Soft” corticosteroid, loteprednol etabonate I, designed based on the “inactive metabolite” concept can be used as a safe ophthalmic anti-inflammatory drug. By design, the metabolism of I follows a predicted biotransformation pathway, thus unwanted systemic side effects are avoided. Local side effects are also reduced. Accordingly, in a cross-over study I did not elevate the intraocular pressure (IOP) in rabbits, as opposed to dexamethasone.
False physiological feedback and emotion: Experimenter demand and salience effects

Four experiments examined the hypothesis that the Valins (1966) false physiological feedback effect with attractiveness ratings of slides is due to experimenter demand. Experiments 1 and 2 showed significant feedback effects with 5-sec feedback periods, previously reported by Barefoot and Straub (1971) to be too brief a time to search the slides for a cause of the apparent physiological arousal. Experiments 3 and 4 had 17 variations of instructions (emotional, nonemotional), stimuli (slides of people, scenic tourist slides), and type of feedback information (heart rate, eyeblink, or none). The typical false feedback effect was found under many conditions that did not seem to meet the presumptive attributional requirements for the effect. In Experiment 4, only subjects who said they were supposed to rate feedback slides higher showed the effect, regardless of instructions, stimuli, or type of feedback. The overall results are interpreted in terms of experimenter demand and stimulus salience effects.
Not just a walk in the park: efficacy to effectiveness for after school programs in communities of concentrated urban poverty.

This study examined a model for mental health consultation, training and support designed to enhance the benefits of publicly-funded recreational after-school programs in communities of concentrated urban poverty for children’s academic, social, and behavioral functioning. We assessed children’s mental health needs and examined the feasibility and impact of intervention on program quality and children’s psychosocial outcomes in three after-school sites (n = 15 staff, 89 children), compared to three demographically-matched sites that received no intervention (n = 12 staff, 38 children). Findings revealed high staff satisfaction and feasibility of intervention, and modest improvements in observed program quality and staff-reported children’s outcomes. Data are considered with a public health lens of mental health promotion for children in urban poverty.
Responding to potential impacts of climate change on U.S. coastal biodiversity

Abstract Accelerated rates of sea level rise and other impacts of climate change resulting from global warming are likely to aggravate threats to coastal biodiversity in the United States. Species restricted to or dependent upon a narrow band of habitat close to sea level will be subjected to continuing threats of development from above, and rising sea levels from below. In five states alone, almost 500 rare and imperiled species utilize the coastal fringe below the 10‐foot contour. Some 53 species federally listed as threatened or endangered or as candidates for listing are found only within the narrow band below the 10‐foot contour. Rising seas will stress coastal habitats including wetlands, barrier islands, coral reefs, and mangroves, in some cases substantially reducing their area. To ensure the conservation of coastal biodiversity global warming must be slowed as much as possible. Steps must also be taken quickly to establish coastal zone policies that allow adaptive response to rising seas by makin...
Graduation success as a function of myers-briggs temperament indicators in mechanical engineering

The distributions of Myers-Briggs Type Indicators, Preferences, and Temperaments for entering and graduating BSME students and the mechanical engineering faculty at the University of Houston are presented and compared. Based on long-term averages, the S-, T-, J-, SJ-, ESTJ- and ISTJ- preferring individuals appear to have some positive correlation with success in our mechanical engineering program. For example, individuals preferring “sensation” over “intuition”, “thinking” over “feeling”, and “judging over “perceiving”, (Myers-Briggs Preferences, S over N, T over F, and J over P, respectively) are about 50% more likely to graduate as those who prefer the opposite. A seven-year longitudinal study produced “entering” and “graduating” Myers-Briggs data for 118 students. A detailed analysis of this data determined that there was about a ten per cent net increase in individual E-, S-, T- and J-preferences which was the result of about a 15% actual change toward E-, S-, T-, and J-preferences and a 5% actual change toward I-, N-, F-, and P-preferences. Finally, the shift of the distribution of Myers-Briggs Type Indicators from the entering to the graduating students is seen to be moving toward the distribution exhibited by the faculty.
Commissioning and acceptance testing of a CyberKnife linear accelerator

A CyberKnife Robotic Stereotactic Radiosurgery System was commissioned in April 2006. The CyberKnife linear accelerator produces a photon beam of 6 MV nominal energy, without the use of a flattening filter. Acceptance testing and commissioning of the CyberKnife were performed. Clinically measured tissue-phantom ratios, off-center ratios, and output factors are presented and compared to similar data from other CyberKnife sites throughout the United States. In general, these values agreed to within 2%.
Practical aspects of toilet training the child with a physical disability.

This article covers various methods of bowel and bladder management that can be used with children who are physically delayed. Basic bowel and bladder neurophysiology introduces the article. Diet, current methods of bowel and bladder training, and nursing implications are discussed. A bowel and bladder readiness assessment tool, developed by the author, is included.
Structural evolution of the P22-like phages: Comparison of Sf6 and P22 procapsid and virion architectures

Abstract Coat proteins of tailed, dsDNA phages and in herpesviruses include a conserved core similar to the bacteriophage HK97 subunit. This core is often embellished with other domains such as the telokin Ig-like domain of phage P22. Eighty-six P22-like phages and prophages with sequenced genomes share a similar set of virion assembly genes and, based on comparisons of twelve viral assembly proteins (structural and assembly/packaging chaperones), these phages are classified into three groups (P22-like, Sf6-like, and CUS-3-like). We used cryo-electron microscopy and 3D image reconstruction to determine the structures of Sf6 procapsids and virions (~ 7 A resolution), and the structure of the entire, asymmetric Sf6 virion (16-A resolution). The Sf6 coat protein is similar to that of P22 yet it has differences in the telokin domain and in its overall quaternary organization. Thermal stability and agarose gel experiments show that Sf6 virions are slightly less stable than those of P22. Finally, bacterial host outer membrane proteins A and C were identified in lipid vesicles that co-purify with Sf6 particles, but are not components of the capsid.
Scapula kinematics and associated impingement risk in manual wheelchair users during propulsion and a weight relief lift

Background Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common upper extremity pathology in manual wheelchair users. Central to impingement is the orientation of the scapula and humerus as they determine the available subacromial space. The purpose of this study was to examine the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral internal/external rotation kinematics during the time of peak shoulder loading of propulsion and weight relief lift conditions to assess possible risk of impingement.
Does viewing violent media really cause criminal violence? A methodological review

The topic of media violence has been the subject of heated debate in recent decades. There is a vast empirical literature on the effects of television on aggression but no published comprehensive review has ever focused on those studies that use criminal aggression as their outcome. The present paper represents an attempt to fill this void and provide a resource for those who do not wish to delve into four decades of original research in order to assess this line of investigation. Studies are evaluated based on contemporary standards of research in the field of criminology. Although the possibility that television and film violence has an impact on violent criminality remains, it is concluded here that, despite persistent published reviews that state the contrary, the body of published, empirical evidence on this topic does not establish that viewing violent portrayals causes crime.
Characterization of the preparation of Pd/SiO2 and Pd/La2O3 by laser Raman spectroscopy

Multichannel laser Raman spectroscopy has been used to characterize the chemistry occurring during the preparation of silica and lanthanum oxide supported palladium catalysts from PdCl2. The results show that the structure of lanthanum oxide is a strong function of its state of hydration and evidence is reported for structures bridging the extremes of La(OH)3 and La2O3. PdCl2, used as the source of Pd, undergoes a change in crystal structure and then conversion to PdO when heated in air up to 773 K. Silica supported PdCl2 undergoes a similar set of transformations. The spectrum of the lanthanum oxide-supported PdCl2 is quite different from that supported on silica, but the exact structure of the supported species cannot be determined. Calcination produces a new species which is believed to be a mixed metal oxide of La and Pd.
Multiplet structure of 210Bi from the 209Bi(d, p) and 209Bi(α, 3He) reactions

Abstract Levels in 210Bi have been studied by the 209Bi(d, p)210Bi reaction at 19 MeV and the 209Bi(α, 3He)210Bi reaction at 58 MeV. Transfer l-values have been determined and spectroscopic strengths deduced by comparison with measurements of the 208Pd(d, p)209Pb reaction. The observed levels can be interpreted as members of multiplets arising from the weak coupling of an h 9 2 proton with a neutron in one of the orbits g 9 2 , i 11 2 , j 15 2 , d 5 2 , s 1 2 , d 3 2 or g 7 2 . The lowest three multiplets are quite pure, while appreciable mixing is found between members of the π h 9 2 ν d 5 2 and π h 9 2 ν s 1 2 multiplets and between members of the π h 9 2 ν s 7 2 and π h 9 2 ν s 3 2 configurations. The results show good agreement with recent theoretical calculations of the structure of 210Bi.
Algorithms for constructing graphs and digraphs with given valences and factors

Given a set of valences {v"i} such that {v"i} and {v"i-k} are both realizable as valences of graphs without loops or multiple edges, an explicit construction method is described for obtaining a graph with valences {v"i} having a k-factor. A number of extensions of the result are obtained. Similar results are obtained for directed graphs.
Optimization of electrostatic chuck for mask blank flatness control in extreme ultraviolet lithography

Overlay requirements of Extreme Ultra-violet Lithography (EUVL) dictate reticle flatness errors of 50nm or less. During the early phase of EUVL development, it was decided that an electrostatic chuck was required to flatten EUVL masks to these specifications. However current experience and test data have demonstrated that it will be very difficult to reach the desired mask flatness goal without a thorough understanding and advanced control of the echucking process. The results of a parametric model study are reported in this paper. In this study we calculated the chucking force dependence of activating voltage, e-chuck geometry, film material, and pin design, and then proposed an optimized chuck design. We have also engaged in a material study for the mask backside coating for the purpose of reducing flatness errors and minimizing backside particle generation. We have also designed and built an automated, vacuum based, interferometric metrology tool to enable e-chucking experimentation. An early status report of this tool will be included in this paper.
Racial Identity Theory and Peace Education: Tools for the Teacher In All of Us

As people develop a meaningful understanding of racism, they also experience shifts in their appraisals of self and others as members of an unfairly stratified society. Consistent with the premises of Helms' (1995) racial identity theory, these shifts can be explained as transformational processes that have relevance to matters of morality and peace advancement. Individuals who operate at advanced levels of racial identity development overcome the confinements inherent in a racism Zeitgeist and in so doing, learn to accept themselves and others more authentically. This theory can prove crucial to peace promotion in children because it espouses to nurture the integration of self within the broader spectrum of humanity. Educators who transform their selves can also transform their educational practices by disrupting cycles of socialization that adversely influence children's identity formation. They can also contribute to the creation of new structures of socialization. In this paper, I describe this theory and how it applies to peace education.
Sex-based differences in gene transmission and gene expression

The higher prevalence of certain diseases among women suggests involvement of genetic mechanisms linked to the sex chromosomes or of sex-limited gene expression that may be developmentally or hormonally regulated. Analysis of genetic markers and gene expression patterns provides the means for testing hypotheses related to these mechanisms.
A RAPID METHOD OF ESTIMATING MEAN AREAL RAINFALL

. A special case of generalized trend surface analysis is examined. This includes a linear surface. It is shown that for most hydrologic problems this case determines mean areal rainfall sufficiently accurately. Based on this conclusion, equations for rapid computation of mean areal rainfall are derived for this linear case. Results of the linear case are compared with other traditional methods of estimating mean areal rainfall.
Assessment of a Multistage Therapeutic Community for Drug-Involved Offenders

A multistage therapeutic community (TC) treatment program has been instituted in the Delaware correctional system. Components in place long enough to provide follow-up data consist of a TC in prison and a "transitional" TC outside the prison for parolees. Baseline data at release from prison, and outcome data six months after release were analyzed for 457 respondents. A group who had participated in neither of the TCs was compared to groups who had participated in the TC in prison only, the transitional TC only, or both TCs. The latter two groups had significantly lower rates of drug relapse and criminal recidivism, even when adjusted for other risk factors. There was also a reduction for the prison TC group, although more modest and statistically significant only when adjusted for baseline differences. Outcome benefits of the TC participation were also found for behaviors affecting the risk of HIV infection. The results support the efficacy of a multistage TC program and the importance of the transitional TC as a component.
The Disjunctive-Facet Problem: Formulation and Solution Techniques

Many practical operations-research problems have the form in which the objective is to select an optimal production schedule, rental policy, distribution pattern, etc., from among a variety of alternatives, each of which has an associated set of constraints that must all be satisfied if a particular alternative is chosen. The disjunctive-facet problem provides a "direct" formulation for such problems, circumventing the need to resort to artifices involving the creation of discrete variables and supporting constraints to model these problems as mixed integer programs. We provide special cutting planes that are designed to take particular advantage of the disjunctive-facet problem structure. Thus, our results not only give a more compact representation of certain classes of discrete optimization problems, but provide more powerful methods for solving these problems as well.
On Lincoln’s “Pragmatism”

A common view of Abraham Lincoln is that he was a pragmatic compromiser. While not exactly false, this view is only half true. Through a close reading of Lincoln’s most important prewar statements on slavery and race and the problem of public opinion, this study makes the claim that he was, rather than a pragmatist, actually a prudent statesman. Less radical than the most radical of abolitionists, Lincoln was nevertheless not a conservative. Nor was he a populist in the Jacksonian tradition. As concerned with shaping public opinion as following it, Lincoln was a speaker of truth as well as a man of prudence, and he possessed qualities of a good politician that are compatible with being a good man only under the rule of the most rigid conscience.
Stage I uterine adenosarcoma: a report of six cases.

Six cases of Stage I adenosarcoma of the uterus are reported. Although these neoplasms have generally been regarded as being of low malignant potential with little propensity for distant metastasis, our experience reveals some of them to be aggressive tumors with rapid clinical demise. Five (83%) patients demonstrated recurrence after initial surgery, three despite postoperative vaginal radium or external pelvic radiation. Four of the recurrences occurred in the pelvis and abdomen; the fifth was limited to the vagina. Three patients were dead of disease within three years of diagnosis, two of whom achieved clinical remission for at least one year to combination chemotherapy. One of the remaining three patients died from intercurrent disease without recurrence, and two are alive without disease after treatment for recurrence. Based on this limited experience, we believe these neoplasms should be regarded as potentially as malignant as their mixed Muellerian counterpart.A
Properties of Fr-like Th 3 + from spectroscopy of high- L Rydberg levels of Th 2 +

Binding energies of high-$L$ Rydberg states ($L$ \ensuremath{\geqslant} 7) of Th${}^{2+}$ with $n$ $=$ 27--29 were studied using the resonant excitation Stark ionization spectroscopy (RESIS) method. The core of the Th${}^{2+}$ Rydberg ion is the Fr-like ion Th${}^{3+}$ whose ground state is a 5 ${}^{2}$$F$${}_{5/2}$ level. The large-core angular momentum results in a complex Rydberg fine-structure pattern consisting of six levels for each value of $L$ that is only partially resolved in the RESIS excitation spectrum. The pattern is further complicated, especially for the relatively-low-$L$ levels, by strong nonadiabatic effects due to the low-lying 6d levels. Analysis of the observed RESIS spectra leads to determination of five properties of the Th${}^{3+}$ ion: its electric quadrupole moment $Q$ $=$ 0.54(4); its adiabatic scalar and tensor dipole polarizabilities ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}$${}_{,0}$ $=$ 15.42(17) and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{d}$${}_{,2}$ $=$ -3.6(1.3); and the dipole matrix elements connecting the ground 5 ${}^{2}$${F}_{5/2}$ level to the low-lying 6 ${}^{2}$$D$${}_{3/2}$ and 6 ${}^{2}$$D$${}_{5/2}$ levels, $|\ensuremath{\langle}5 {}^{2}{F}_{5/2}||D||6{}^{2}{D}_{3/2}\ensuremath{\rangle}|=1.435(10)$ and $|\ensuremath{\langle}5{}^{2}{F}_{5/2}||D||6{}^{2}{D}_{5/2}\ensuremath{\rangle}|=0.414(24)$. All are in atomic units. These are compared with theoretical calculations.