cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AMPK activation prevents excess nutrient-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting mTORC1 signaling and endoplasmic reticulum stress response

Lipid accumulation is a central event in the development of chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity and type 2 diabetes, but the mechanisms responsible for lipid accumulation are incompletely understood. This study was designed to investigate the mechanisms for excess nutrient-induced lipid accumulation and whether activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) prevents the hepatic lipid accumulation in excess nutrient-treated HepG2 cells and high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Exposure of HepG2 cells to high levels of glucose or palmitate induced the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, activated sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), and enhanced lipid accumulation, all of which were sensitive to ER stress inhibitor and gene silencing of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α. The increases in ER stress response and lipid accumulation were associated with activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. Inhibition of mTORC1 signaling attenuated the ER stress response and lipid accumulation induced by high glucose or by deletion of tuberous sclerosis 2. In addition, AMPK activation prevented the mTORC1 activation, ER stress response, and lipid accumulation. This effect was mimicked or abrogated, respectively, by overexpression of constitutively active and dominant-negative AMPK mutants. Finally, treatment of HFD-fed mice with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-4-ribofuranoside inhibited the mTORC1 pathway, suppressed the ER stress response, and prevented insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation. We conclude that activation of AMPK prevents excess nutrient-induced hepatic lipid accumulation by inhibiting mTORC1 and ER stress response.
Theodor Kocher (1841-1917) Nobel Prize Centenary 2009

One hundred years ago, in 1909, Theodor Kocher was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for his work on the physiology, pathology, and surgery of the thyroid gland. In the late 19th century, the resection of the thyroid was feared because of its high mortality rate. Kocher's innovative techniques resulted in safe outcomes. His observations that radical resection of the thyroid results in 'cachexia strumipriva' contributed to the recognition that the thyroid is essential for normal growth, development and metabolism. He made many other seminal contributions to the field of surgery and medicine, and his expertise was internationally recognized. Kocher served as the chairman of surgery at the University of Bern in Switzerland, his alma mater, until his death in 1917.
The customer order lead‐time problem on parallel machines

We consider the problem of scheduling customer orders, each consisting of one or more individual jobs, on a set of parallel processors with the objective of minimizing average order completion time. We provide simple intuitive heuristics to guide managers in this environment and introduce lower bounds that show that these heuristics are effective for a wide variety of problems. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Basics of Mechanical Ventilation for Dogs and Cats

Respiratory failure may occur due to hypoventilation or hypoxemia. Regardless of the cause, emergent anesthesia and intubation, accompanied by positive pressure ventilation, may be necessary and life saving. Long-term mechanical ventilation requires some specialized equipment and knowledge; however, short-term ventilation can be accomplished without the use of an intensive care unit ventilator, and can provide oxygen supplementation and carbon dioxide removal in critical patients.
Conservation of large foci formation in arrested oocytes of Caenorhabditis nematodes

Within the rhabditid phylogeny of nematodes, the great majority of species are gonochoristic, having evolved as obligate male/female species. In contrast, the well-studied nematode model system, Caenorhabditis elegans, is androdioecious, utilizing a hermaphroditic/male reproductive system. We have previously determined that in the arrested oocytes of old-aged C. elegans hermaphrodites with depleted sperm, large cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein foci form. The formation of these foci is reversible, as they dissociate within 3 h after a male mates with the hermaphrodite, resupplying it with sperm. The functional significance of these oocyte foci is not known and previously has not been clear for a hermaphroditic species in which oocytes of young adults wait only approximately 23 min to be fertilized. One hypothesis is that the foci function to maintain maternal mRNAs in oocytes while fertilization is delayed. In this paper, we examine four gonochoristic rhabditid species: Caenorhabditis remanei, Caenorhabditis sp. CB5161, Caenorhabditis sp. PS1010, and Rhabditella axei DF5006. We demonstrate that in three of these four species, ovulation arrests in unmated females until mating occurs and large cytoplasmic foci develop in arrested oocytes. The oocyte foci contain nuclear pore proteins and, in C. remanei at least, the RNA-binding protein MEX-3 as well as RNA. We speculate that these foci maintain the integrity of ooctyes, possibly maintaining the stability or translational repression of maternal mRNAs in unmated females. We further speculate that their presence in oocytes of old-aged C. elegans hermaphrodites is due to conservation from an ancestral gonochoristic state.
Solid-state NMR studies of the membrane-bound closed state of the colicin E1 channel domain in lipid bilayers

The colicin E1 channel polypeptide was shown to be organized anisotropically in membranes by solid-state NMR analysis of samples of uniformly 15N-labeled protein in oriented planar phospholipid bilayers. The 190 residue C-terminal colicin E1 channel domain is the largest polypeptide to have been characterized by 15N solid-state NMR spectroscopy in oriented membrane bilayers. The 15N-NMR spectra of the colicin E1 show that: (1) the structure and dynamics are independent of anionic lipid content in both oriented and unoriented samples; (2) assuming the secondary structure of the polypeptide is helical, there are both trans-membrane and in-plane helical segments; (3) trans-membrane helices account for approximately 20-25% of the channel polypeptide, which is equivalent to 38-48 residues of the 190-residue polypeptide. The results of the two-dimensional PISEMA spectrum are interpreted in terms of a single trans-membrane helical hairpin inserted into the bilayer from each channel molecule. These data are also consistent with this helical hairpin being derived from the 38-residue hydrophobic segment near the C-terminus of the colicin E1 channel polypeptide.
Cell proliferation and survival in the mating circuit of adult male hamsters: effects of testosterone and sexual behavior.

Abstract The transient actions of gonadal steroids on the adult brain facilitate social behaviors, including reproduction. In male rodents, testosterone acts in the posterior medial amygdala (MeP) and medial preoptic area (MPOA) to promote mating. Adult neurogenesis occurs in both regions. The current study determined if testosterone and/or sexual behavior promote cell proliferation and survival in MeP and MPOA. Two experiments were conducted using the thymidine analog BrdU. First, gonad-intact and castrated male hamsters (n = 6/group) were compared 24 h or 7 weeks after BrdU. In MeP, testosterone-stimulated cell proliferation 24 h after BrdU (intact: 22.8 ± 3.9 cells/mm2, castrate: 13.2 ± 1.4 cells/mm2). Testosterone did not promote cell proliferation in MPOA. Seven weeks after BrdU, cell survival was sparse in both regions (MeP: 2.5 ± 0.6 and MPOA: 1.7 ± 0.2 cells/mm2), and was not enhanced by testosterone. In Experiment 2, gonad-intact sexually-experienced animals were mated weekly to determine if regular neural activation enhances cell survival 7 weeks after BrdU in MeP and MPOA. Weekly mating failed to increase cell survival in MeP (8.1 ± 1.6 vs. 9.9 ± 3.2 cells/mm2) or MPOA (3.9 ± 0.7 vs. 3.4 ± 0.3 cells/mm2). Furthermore, mating at the time of BrdU injection did not stimulate cell proliferation in MeP (8.9 ± 1.7 vs. 8.1 ± 1.6 cells/mm2) or MPOA (3.6 ± 0.5 vs. 3.9 ± 0.7 cells/mm2). Taken together, our results demonstrate a limited capacity for neurogenesis in the mating circuitry. Specifically, cell proliferation in MeP and MPOA are differentially influenced by testosterone, and the birth and survival of new cells in either region are not enhanced by reproductive activity.
Source Apportionment of Wintertime Gas-Phase and Particle-Phase Air Pollutants Using Organic Compounds as Tracers

Two chemical mass balance receptor models are developed which can determine the source contributions to atmospheric pollutant concentrations using organic compounds as tracers. The first model uses particle-phase organic compounds to apportion the primary source contributions to atmospheric fine particulate organic carbon concentrations and fine particle mass concentrations. The second receptor model simultaneously uses both volatile gas-phase hydrocarbons and particle-phase organic compounds as tracers to determine source contributions to non-methane organic gases in the atmosphere. Both models are applied to data collected in California's San Joaquin Valley during two severe wintertime air pollution episodes. Source contributions to fine particle air quality are calculated for two urban sites, Fresno and Bakersfield, and one background site, Kern Wildlife Refuge. Primary particle emissions from hardwood combustion, softwood combustion, diesel engines, meat cooking, and gasoline-powered motor vehicles contribute on average 79% of the airborne fine particle organic compound mass at the urban sites during both episodes with smaller but still measurable contributions from fine particle road dust and natural gas combustion aerosol. Anthropogenic primary particle sources contribute less than 10% of the fine particle mass concentration at the background site. The combined gas-phase and particle-phase organic compound receptor model shows that gasoline-powered motor vehicle exhaust and gasoline vapors are the largest contributors to non-methane organic gases concentrations followed by natural gas leakage. Smaller but statistically significant contributions to organic vapors from wood combustion, meat cooking, and diesel exhaust also are quantified.
Optically pure (−)-4-[(N-allyl-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl)phenyl-amino]-N,N-diethylbenzamide displays selective binding and full agonist activity for the δ opioid receptor

Abstract The optical isomers of 4-[(N-allyl-3-methyl-4-piperidinyl)phenylamino]-N,N-diethylbenzamide (3) have been prepared and tested in both binding and functional assays. The data show that (−)-3 is responsible for the δ opioid activity demonstrated by the racemic material. This compound displays a binding affinity of 5.5 nM for the δ opioid receptor as well as a 470-fold δ versus μ selectivity. Importantly, (−)-3 is a full agonist at the δ receptor in comparison with SNC-80 (2). Taken together, the data suggest that (−)-3 behaves more like the prototypical δ agonists, BW373U86 or SNC-80, and less like the peptidomimetic compound SL-3111 (5).
Effect of age on oxygen consumption, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione, inorganic peroxides and chloroform-soluble antioxidants in the adult male housefly, Musca domestica.

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine whether aging in the housefly is associated with a general decline in the efficiency of the mechanisms protective against the intermediates of oxygen metabolism. The rate of oxygen consumption, activities of superoxide dismutase (total and cyanide-insensitive) and catalase, and levels of inorganic peroxides, glutathione (GSH and GSSG) and chloroform-soluble antioxidants were measured in adult male houseflies at different ages. Rate of oxygen consumption declined in flies approaching the average life span of the population. Activity of total and cyanide-insensitive superoxide dimutase decreased during the last trimester of life. Catalase activity steadily declined with age while the concentration of inorganic peroxides gradually increased during the later two-thirds of the average life span. Levels of total glutathione and GSH decreased during later half of life whereas the relative concentration of GSSG increased during this period. The concentration of chloroform-soluble antioxidants sharply declined during the first half of life. These results are interpreted to suggest that the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defenses against oxygen free radicals and hydroperoxides tend to deteriorate with age in the adult housefly.
Aspects of group actions on four-manifolds☆

Abstract A collection of various consequences of the existence of finite cyclic group actions on simply connected topological 4-manifolds, with an emphasis on involutions, is presented as a complement to various known constructions of group actions on these manifolds. The relationship between the representation on integral cohomology and the fixed-point set is described. The significance of a spin structure on the 4-manifold for the fixed-point set of a locally linear involution is described, leading to examples of 4-manifolds admitting no locally linear involution. Further restrictions on the two-dimensional parts of the fixed-point set of an involution are derived.
Paleoceanographic and tectonic controls on deposition of the Monterey formation and related siliceous rocks in California

Abstract The timing of paleoceanographic and tectonic events that shaped the deposition of the Monterey Formation of California and related siliceous rocks has been determined by application of a refined biochronology. The base of the Monterey at 17.5 Ma coincides with rising global sea level and a switch in biogenous silica deposition from the Caribbean and low-latitude North Atlantic to the North Pacific. Major polar cooling, which began at 15 Ma, postdates the base of the Monterey by more than 2 Ma and cannot be invoked to cause the deposition of diatomaceous sediments occurring in the lowermost Monterey. Later polar cooling in the early late Miocene, however, apparently caused increased upwelling and deposition of purer diatomites in the upper Monterey. The top of the Monterey at about 6 Ma coincides with a major sea level drop and is commonly marked by an unconformity. Equivalent unconformities are widespread around the rim of the North Pacific and typically separate more pelagic sediments from overlying sediments with a greater terrigenous component. Above the Monterey, diatoms persist in California sediments to 4.5–4.0 m.y., where their decline coincides with increased deposition of diatoms in the Antarctic. Carbon isotope records in the Pacific and Indian Oceans record storage of 12 C in the Monterey Formation and equivalent organic-rich sediments around the rim of the North Pacific. A +1.0‰ excursion in δ 13 C beginning at 17.5 Ma coincides with rising sea level and probably reflects storage of organic material in Monterey-like marginal reservoirs. A reverse −1.0‰ shift at 6.2 Ma closely approximates the top of the Monterey and may represent erosion of these marginal reservoirs and reintroduction of stored organic carbon into the ocean—atmosphere system. Initiation of transform faulting and extension in the California margin in the latest Oligocene and early Miocene caused the subsidence of basins which later received Monterey sediments. A major tectonic event centered at 10–9 Ma, which included rotation of the Santa Barbara Basin and a change in Pacific plate motion, is recorded by an unconformity and/or interval of compressed sediments in many Monterey sections. Another change in plate motion at about 6 Ma may be expressed by the angular discordance observed in many sections across the unconformity at the top of the Monterey.
Gastric dissociation for the treatment of congenital microgastria with paraesophageal hiatal hernia

Microgastria is a rare but well-described congenital anomaly of the alimentary tract that presents in the neonatal period with vomiting, aspiration, and failure to thrive. Based on a relatively small number of case reports, gastric augmentation with a double-barrel loop of jejunum, known as a Hunt-Lawrence pouch, has been advocated as the reconstructive procedure of choice in affected children who fail nonoperative management. In this report, we present a novel method of foregut reconstruction in an infant with congenital microgastria and a paraesophageal hiatal hernia. In this procedure, the stomach was transected 1 cm below the gastroesophageal junction with construction of a straight Roux-en-Y jejunal anastomosis to the gastric fundic cuff. A feeding gastrostomy tube was placed into the distal remnant stomach for enteral access. The patient did well and eventually transitioned to full oral feeds by 3 years of age.
On the multi-scale analysis of strongly non-linear forced oscillators

Abstract We consider the resonant response of strongly non-linear oscillators of the form u + 2ϵηu + mu + ϵƒ(u) = 2ϵpcosΩt, where ƒ(u) is an odd non-linearity, ϵ need not be small, and m = −1, 0, or + 1. Approximate solutions are obtained using a multiple-scale approach with two procedural steps which differ from the usual ones: (1) the detuning is introduced in the square of the excitation frequency Ω and as a deviation from the so called backbone curve and (2) a new expansion parameter α = α(ϵ) is defined, enabling accurate low order solutions to be obtained for the strongly non-linear case.
High temperature thermal analysis characterization of honeycomb core

One of the most important processing operations in the fabrication of honeycomb composite structures is the forming of the honeycomb core. High performance honeycomb structures must be precisely formed, or contoured, in order to meet the strict dimensional specifications required by the end user of the core. However, in the composites industry today, there is no basic understanding of the high temperature behavior of honeycomb materials, which is fundamental to understanding the commercial processing of honeycomb composite structures. In this study, the thermal and mechanical responses of Nomex®-based honeycomb core were investigated and characterized through thermal analysis. In the ribbon direction of the core, specific post-cure temperatures were identified where the honeycomb core displayed a maximum degree of creep. In the expanded direction of the honeycomb, the core displayed no maximum-creep temperature. This behavior was attributed to the degradation of the node adhesive. A honeycomb creep time constant (τ c ) was also defined and evaluated as a function of the honeycomb post-cure temperature. From this analysis, the softening of the dip resin was determined to play a larger role in creeping and deforming the core than the mechanical properties of the Nomex substrate.
Effect of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate on DNA repair and lipid peroxidation in rat hepatocytes and on metabolic cooperation in Chinese hamster V-79 cells.

Experiments were conducted to test the hypothesis that the hepatocarcinogenicity of di(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) is due to its ability to produce DNA damage, either directly or as a result of the proliferation of peroxisomes and accompanying increased production of H2O2 and other DNA—damaging oxygen radicals induced by sustained exposure to the plasticizer. DNA repair, as assessed by the autoradiographic measurement of unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS), was not observed in primary rat hepatocytes exposed in vitro to 10–5‐10–2 M DEHP or in vivo by a single gavage dose of 5 g DEHP/kg body weight administered 2, 15, or 24 h prior to the isolation of hepatocytes. Thus, DEHP does not appear to directly produce repairable DNA damage in rat hepatocytes. Sustained feeding of DEHP at a dietary concentration of 2% led to a marked proliferation of peroxisomes in the liver after 4 wk. Additional administration of a single gavage dose of 5 g DEHP/kg body weight to animals fed the 2% diet for 4 or 8 wk, as well as t...
Maintaining the endothelium: preventive strategies for vessel integrity.

The endothelium is a diaphanous membrane, only one cell layer thick, that lines all of our blood vessels. Despite its apparent fragility, it exerts profound control over vascular tone, structure, and intersection with circulating blood elements. One of the factors that the endothelium synthesizes is nitric oxide, which is the most potent endogenous vasodilator known. In addition to its blood flow regulating effects, nitric oxide also inhibits key processes in atherosclerosis, including monocyte adherence, platelet aggregation, and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. Nitric oxide synthesis is impaired, and its degradation is accelerated, in many of the conditions associated with atherosclerosis, including hypercholesterolemia. Restoration of nitric oxide synthesis and activity in these disorders can improve blood flow, relieve symptoms, and perhaps reduce the progression of atherosclerosis.
Diel Variability in Trawl Catches of Juvenile and Adult Yellowtail Flounder on the Grand Banks and the Effect on Resource Assessment

Abstract Trawl catches of yellowtail flounder Limanda ferruginea on the Grand Banks off the coast of Newfoundland were analyzed for diel variability. The numbers and weights of catches were significantly higher during the hours of darkness than during daylight. Catches of juvenile yellowtail flounder were very low during daylight hours, although use of a tickler chain attached to the footgear increased the catches of both juveniles and adults during daylight hours. Catches of both juveniles and adults were significantly higher at night than during the day. Changes in the vulnerability of various size-groups is thought to be related to active feeding behavior and increased gear avoidance during daylight and a reduction in both behaviors at night. Estimates of catch rates of the stock were significantly higher at night independent of season and trawling gear used. These diel patterns in vulnerability are a serious source of bias in estimation of stock abundance and indices of recruitment.
Robust autopilot design for aircraft with multiple lateral-axes controls using H/sub infinity / synthesis

The application of H/sub infinity / control to the design of a lateral control system for an aircraft using conventional rudder and aileron controls as well as vertical canard control is considered. A linear time-invariant (LTI) model of the flight propulsion control coupling (FPCC) vehicle dynamics is chosen as an example. The design intent is to provide for decoupled response to yaw, path and roll commands. Results indicate that the H/sub infinity / synthesis technique provides a powerful tool for the design of LTI multichannel controllers. Problem-specific design goals and constraints are reflected as weighting functions applied to closed-loop transfer functions in the problem formulation. It was shown that through the appropriate selection of closed-loop transfer functions (and weighting functions) it is possible to design for the steady-state accuracy, decoupled responses between command channels, closed-loop control bandwidth, restrictions on bandwidth, and tolerance to certain types of modeling uncertainty. The application of the approach to the FPCC aircraft yielded a design with robust performance and stability characteristics. >
Dimensions of alienation and pathology.

The Keniston Alienation Scale was administered to a group of 47 adolescent psychiatric hospital patients, to a control group of 78 college undergraduates and to the staff (n = 28) of the psychiatric hospital. Three main factors emerged: interpersonal alienation, self-repudiation, and cultural alienation. The patient group scored much higher on the first two factors, but cultural alienation did not differentiate any of the groups and seems unrelated to pathology. Clinical data showed that patients high on self-repudiation have a greater tendency toward withdrawal and depression, whereas those low on this dimension were characterized by anti-social behavior. The findings are discussed in relation to the clinical validity of the alienation scale, and the dangers of treating alienation as a unitary dimension.
Emmetropization as a first-order feedback system

The existence of a regulatory mechanism that controls the growth of the eye toward emmetropia is generally agreed upon, but such an emmetropization mechanism has never been verified experimentally. This report supports the hypothesis that emmetropization can be described as a feedback process with a first-order equation and establishes a theoretical framework for future study, experimentation, and manipulation of this elusive mechanism. The feedback hypothesis has been tested by comparing two models. The first is a first-order feedback system, the second a non-feedback model with an almost identical equation. The feedback model fits data from human subjects significantly better.
Characterization of neonatal multisystem organ failure in the surgical newborn

With advances in critical care, multisystem organ failure (MSOF) has replaced single organ failure as the major cause of death in adult patients. The purpose of this report is to characterize neonatal MSOF (NMSOF) in the surgical newborn. The records of 84 infants who died during a 5-year period in the surgical neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed. There was sufficient information available in 10 newborns to characterize the NMSOF syndrome. Criteria for renal, hepatic, microvascular, pulmonary, cardiac, and hematologic failure were developed. The sequence of organ failure was determined by calculating the number of days prior to death when these criteria were first noted. Systemic infections were recorded. The sequence of organ failure was as follows: microvascular (edema) 17 +/- 10 days, renal 14 +/- 7 days, hepatic 13 +/- 5 days, hematologic 8 +/- 4 days, pulmonary 5 +/- 2 days, and cardiac 3 +/- 2 days. Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) was absent. The 10 infants showed both culture-positive sepsis (8) and culture-negative sepsis (2). This is the first report to characterize NMSOF in newborn surgical patients. The earliest findings were edema, followed by renal and hepatic failure. In contrast to adult MSOF, anasarca is a prominent early finding, pulmonary failure develops late, and classic ARDS is absent.
Early precordial ST-segment depression due to isolated acute right or left circumflex coronary artery occlusion

Abstract Prolonged chest pain (at least 30 minutes) and ST-segment elevation on the admission electrocardiogram are frequently used as the sole eligibility criteria for patient enrollment into randomized studies of thrombolytic therapy during acute myocardial infarction (AMI).1,2 The rationale for using these criteria is that in most patients with acute ST-segment elevation, “transmural” AMI and pathologic Q waves will develop if the patient is treated conventionally.3 Conversely, patients presenting with AMI characterized by electrocardiographic ST-segment depression are usually excluded from participation in acute thrombolytic trials, ostensibly because such ST-segment depression is a marker of “subendocardial ischemia” or non-Q-wave AMI, and thus is not indicative of a totally occluded infarct-related artery.4 We report 2 patients with 1-vessel coronary artery disease who had significant precordial ST-segment depression associated with isolated acute occlusion of a dominant right coronary artery and circumflex coronary artery, respectively.
Random perturbation models for boundary extraction sequence

Computer vision algorithms are composed of different sub-algorithms often applied in sequence. Determination of the performance of a total computer vision algorithm is possible if the performance of each of the sub-algorithm constituents is given. The performance characterization of an algorithm has to do with establishing the correspondence between the random variations and imperfections in the output data and the random variations and imperfections in the input data. In this paper we illustrate how random perturbation models can be set up for a vision algorithm sequence involving edge finding, edge linking, and gap filling. By starting with an appropriate noise model for the input data we derive random perturbation models for the output data at each stage of our example sequence. By utilizing the perturbation model for edge detector output derived, we illustrate how pixel noise can be successively propagated to derive an error model for the boundary extraction output. It is shown that the fragmentation of an ideal boundary can be described by an alternating renewal process and that the parameters of the renewal process are related to the probability of correct detection and grouping at the edge linking step. It is also shown that the characteristics of random segments generated due to gray-level noise are functions of the probability of false alarm of the edge detector. Theoretical results are validated through systematic experiments.
Solution to the Mean King's Problem in Prime Power Dimensions Using Discrete Tomography

Abstract We solve a state reconstruction problem which arises in quantum information and which generalizes a problem introduced by Vaidman, Aharonov, and Albert in 1987. The task is to correctly predict the outcome of a measurement which an experimenter performed secretly in a lab. Using tomographic reconstruction based on summation over lines in an affine geometry, we show that this is possible whenever the measurements form a maximal set of mutually unbiased bases. Using a different approach we show that if the dimension of the system is large, the measurement result as well as the secretly chosen measurement basis can be inferred with high probability. This can be achieved even when the meanspirited King is unwilling to reveal the measurement basis at any point in time.
Magnetic resonance imaging quantification of pulmonary perfusion using calibrated arterial spin labeling.

This demonstrates a MR imaging method to measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in healthy subjects during normoxia (inspired O2, fraction (FIO2) = 0.21) hypoxia (FIO2 = 0.125), and hyperoxia (FIO2 = 1.00). In addition, the physiological responses of the subject are monitored in the MR scan environment. MR images were obtained on a 1.5 T GE MRI scanner during a breath hold from a sagittal slice in the right lung at functional residual capacity. An arterial spin labeling sequence (ASL-FAIRER) was used to measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow 1,2 and a multi-echo fast gradient echo (mGRE) sequence 3 was used to quantify the regional proton (i.e. H2O) density, allowing the quantification of density-normalized perfusion for each voxel (milliliters blood per minute per gram lung tissue). With a pneumatic switching valve and facemask equipped with a 2-way non-rebreathing valve, different oxygen concentrations were introduced to the subject in the MR scanner through the inspired gas tubing. A metabolic cart collected expiratory gas via expiratory tubing. Mixed expiratory O2 and CO2 concentrations, oxygen consumption, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio, respiratory frequency and tidal volume were measured. Heart rate and oxygen saturation were monitored using pulse-oximetry. Data obtained from a normal subject showed that, as expected, heart rate was higher in hypoxia (60 bpm) than during normoxia (51) or hyperoxia (50) and the arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) was reduced during hypoxia to 86%. Mean ventilation was 8.31 L/min BTPS during hypoxia, 7.04 L/min during normoxia, and 6.64 L/min during hyperoxia. Tidal volume was 0.76 L during hypoxia, 0.69 L during normoxia, and 0.67 L during hyperoxia. Representative quantified ASL data showed that the mean density normalized perfusion was 8.86 ml/min/g during hypoxia, 8.26 ml/min/g during normoxia and 8.46 ml/min/g during hyperoxia, respectively. In this subject, the relative dispersion4, an index of global heterogeneity, was increased in hypoxia (1.07 during hypoxia, 0.85 during normoxia, and 0.87 during hyperoxia) while the fractal dimension (Ds), another index of heterogeneity reflecting vascular branching structure, was unchanged (1.24 during hypoxia, 1.26 during normoxia, and 1.26 during hyperoxia). Overview. This protocol will demonstrate the acquisition of data to measure the distribution of pulmonary perfusion noninvasively under conditions of normoxia, hypoxia, and hyperoxia using a magnetic resonance imaging technique known as arterial spin labeling (ASL). Rationale: Measurement of pulmonary blood flow and lung proton density using MR technique offers high spatial resolution images which can be quantified and the ability to perform repeated measurements under several different physiological conditions. In human studies, PET, SPECT, and CT are commonly used as the alternative techniques. However, these techniques involve exposure to ionizing radiation, and thus are not suitable for repeated measurements in human subjects.
The differential action of metronidazole on nitrogen fixation, hydrogen metabolism, photosynthesis and respiration in Anabaena and Scenedesmus

Abstract Metronidazole (2-methyl-5-nitroimidazole-1-ethanol) at 1–2 mM levels has been shown to be a selective inhibitor of nitrogenase activity in Anabaena . Two constitutive hydrogenases and photosynthesis are insensitive to metronidazole at these same concentrations. At higher concentrations metronidazole inhibits photosynthesis in Anabaena while photoreduction and to a lesser extent photohydrogen production are retarded in Scenedesmus . Respiration is slightly stimulated at high metronidazole levels in both algae. The reductant source for nitrogenase in Anabaena and photohydrogen production and photoreduction electron transport in Scenedesmus are discussed. Due to the activity of metronidazole as a selective inhibitor of ferredoxin-associated processes, it should prove to be useful in N 2 fixation studies and in distinguishing between ferredoxin-linked reactions of different sensitivities and other activities not associated with low reduction potential components.
Highlights from IWGS 2012: the 3rd ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Geostreaming (Redondo Beach, California - November 6, 2012)

The ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop on Geostreaming (IWGS) was held for the third time in conjunction with the 20th ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM GIS 2012). The workshop has been a successful event that attracted participants from both academia and industry. The workshop addressed topics that are at the intersection of data streaming and geospatial systems. The workshop fostered an environment where geospatial researchers can benefit from the advances in geosensing technologies and data streaming systems.
Compatibility of Six Citrus Pesticides with Euseius stipulatus (Acari: Phytoseiidae) Populations in Southern California

The compatibility of six citrus pesticides with a field population of Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henroit) was investigated. The ability of E. stipulatus to feed on pollen allowed observation of mortality due to the pesticides alone without the interference of predator starvation caused by prey mortality. All pesticides tested except chlorobenzilate significantly reduced predator population densities beyond 66 days postspray. When population reductions were analyzed as cumulative predator mite days, all materials again caused significant reductions in potential predation by E. stipulatus , even at 83 days postspray. The effects of predator reductions in relation to pest management are discussed.
The predictors of periodontal disease progression following treatment need more research

Data sources Sources used were MEDLINE, Embase and the Cochrane Oral Health Group Trials Register. Reference lists from relevant articles were hand-searched, as were selected journals. Only English-language studies were included. Study selection Clinical trials and cohort studies were selected when they lasted a minimum of 12 months’ after initial healing and addressed the predictive value of residual probing depths (PD), bleeding on probing and furcation involvement in determining further loss of attachment and tooth loss following initial-cause-related periodontal therapy (ICRT). Data extraction and synthesis Information regarding quality and study characteristics was extracted independently by two reviewers. Kappa scores determined their agreement. Results Only one study of 16 subjects provided patient-based data from longitudinal case studies related to ICRT and provided treatment outcomes with data from initial follow-up at 3 months through to 12 months after initial therapy. Conclusions Data based on a single study suggest that residual probing depths may be predictive of further disease progression. There are clear implications for carefully designed multicentre randomised clinical control trials.
Utilization of benzoyl amino acids by four species of bacteria.

Abstract Four strains of lactobacilli were found to have sharply limited and characteristic abilities in replacing essential amino acids by the benzoyl derivatives. Benzoylarginine was utilized by Lactobacillus brevis more fully than the unsubstituted arginine. The explanation offered for this phenomenon may apply to kindred observations recorded in the literature.
MEDICAID MANAGED CARE PROGRAMS IN RURAL AREAS : A FIFTY-STATE OVERVIEW

Interviews with state Medicaid officials reveal that although managed care programs have been implemented in rural areas, participation remains behind that of urban areas. Many states aim to create a statewide Medicaid managed care program and are struggling to overcome barriers that are greater in rural areas, including providers' resistance, lack of commercial managed care, and inadequate supply of providers. Many have modified contracting strategies and shown flexibility regarding interpretations of travel standards, twenty-four-hour coverage requirements, and primary care case management requirements, to implement programs in rural environments.
Researching therapist emotions and countertransference

The study of therapist emotions is discussed with emphasis on its centrality to clinical practice and its relationship to countertransference. The paper describes dilemmas in researching therapist emotions (e.g., whether therapists can and will report their emotions; what emotions are), examples of key findings from research studies (e.g., therapist emotions vary based on patient diagnoses; therapist emotions cluster into meaningful categories), and 8 suggestions to improve future research (e.g., relate therapist emotions to real-life clinical phenomena; do not assume an emotion is “positive” or “negative”). The study of therapist emotions is concluded to be a fruitful area of research that needs refinement in theory and methods to improve on more simplistic prior studies.
Light-Mediated Control of Rhodopsin Movement in Mosquito Photoreceptors

Multiple mechanisms contribute to a photoreceptor9s ability to adapt to ambient light conditions. The mosquito Aedes aegypti expresses the long-wavelength rhodopsin Aaop1 in all R1–R6 photoreceptors and most R8 photoreceptors. These photoreceptors alter the cellular location of Aaop1 and reorganize their photosensitive rhabdomeric membranes on a daily basis. During daylight periods, Aaop1 is excluded from the light-sensitive rhabdomeres and localized to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) within the photoreceptor cytoplasm. In the dark, Aaop1 accumulates in the rhabdomeres and no Aaop1-containing MVBs are present in the cytoplasm. Manipulation of light treatments shows the cellular movement of Aaop1 in and out of the rhabdomere is directly controlled by light. In a separate process, the photoreceptors reduce Aaop1 protein content during a time period spanning from late afternoon into the first 2 h of the dark period. Aaop1 levels then gradually increase through the dark period and remain high following movement of Aaop1 to the cytoplasm at dawn. These results demonstrate that mosquito photoreceptors control rhodopsin availability during the daily light-dark cycle by novel mechanisms not discerned from analysis of traditional invertebrate models. These mechanisms will maximize a photoreceptor9s light sensitivity range and therefore may be common in organisms active in low light conditions.
Purification and radioimmunoassays for superoxide dismutases in the mouse: Tissue concentrations in different strains

Abstract 1. 1. Both murine cuprozinc and manganosuperoxide dismutases were purified to electrophoretic homogeneity from liver; the former (dimer) had a sp. act. of 2600 U/mg and a subunit mol. wt of 17,000. the latter (tetramer) 2300 U/mg and mol. wt 23,000. 2. 2. Heterologous radioimmunoassays had sensitivities of 3.1 ng/ml for the former enzyme and 2.5 ng/ml for the latter, and were applicable across murine genetic lines (Balb/c, ob/ob, db/db). 3. 3. Islets had the lowest concentrations of both enzymes among the tissues studied, and this could explain their vulnerability to free-radical damage.
Fibroblast growth factor homologous factors are intracellular signaling proteins

Abstract Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) mediate cell growth, differentiation, migration, and morphogenesis by binding to the extracellular domain of cell surface receptors, triggering receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and signal transduction [1–5]. FGF homologous factors (FHFs) were discovered within vertebrate DNA sequence databases by virtue of their sequence similarity to FGFs [3, 6, 7], but the mechanism of FHF action has not been reported. We show here that FHF-1 is associated with the MAP kinase (MAPK) scaffold protein Islet-Brain-2 (IB2) [8] in the brain and in specific cell lines. FHF/IB2 interaction is highly specific, as FHFs do not bind to the related scaffold protein IB1(JIP-1b) [9, 10], nor can FGF-1 bind to IB2. We further show that FHFs enable IB2 to recruit a specific MAPK in transfected cells, and our data suggest that the scaffolds IB1 and IB2 have different MAPK specificities. Hence, FHFs are intracellular components of a tissue-specific protein kinase signaling module.
Inner-City “Schoolboy” Life

Academically oriented young males, or “schoolboys,” who reside in inner-city communities are often required to choose between their home and their school and are at risk of becoming alienated from either community, with far-reaching and dire consequences. The two cultures are often mutually antagonistic, and most students are severely challenged when trying to maintain a balance. The author uses relevant insights from his own childhood to approach his ongoing research with African American male students in a college preparatory magnet high school in Philadelphia.
A Numerical Study of the Effect of Contact Angle on the Dynamics of a Single Bubble During Pool Boiling

The effect of contact angle on the growth and departure of a single bubble on a horizontal heated surface during pool boiling under normal gravity conditions has been investigated using numerical simulations. The contact angle is varied by changing the Hamaker constant that defines the long-range forces. A finite difference scheme is used to solve the equations governing mass, momentum and energy in the vapor and liquid phases. The vapor-liquid interface is captured by the Level Set method, which is modified to include the influence of phase change at the liquid-vapor interface. The contact angle is varied from 1° to 90° and its effect on the bubble departure diameter and the bubble growth period are studied. Both water and PF5060 are used as test liquids. The contact angle is kept constant throughout the bubble growth and departure process. The effect of contact angle on the parameters like thermal boundary layer thickness, wall heat flux and heat flux from the microlayer under various conditions of superheats and subcoolings is also studied.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
Psoriasis and Mycosis Fungoides Occurring in the same Patient, Both Conditions Proved Histologically

There is lack of agreement as to whether or not psoriasis may precede mycosis fungoides. Monographs and textbooks state that psoriasiform lesions may be prodromata of mycosis fungoides (1), that an eruption resembling psoriasis may occur in the early stages (2), and that mycosis fungoides may begin with lesions indistinguishable from psoriasis (3). Herxheimer and Martin said that “in a great number of cases the initial efflorescences of mycosis fungoides are morphologically so identical with psoriasis vulgaris that the diagnosis of psoriasis is made even in the presence of nodes and tumors because of the spectacular morphological analogy of the scaling lesions” (4). Indeed, there is almost universal agreement that pre-fungoid lesions often resemble psoriasis (5), and most authors include psoriasis in the differential diagnosis of premycotic eruptions. There are three schools of thought at present: 1) that psoriasiform premycotic lesions actually represent mycosis fungoides in its prefungoid stage no matter how closely they resemble psoriasis clinically or histologically (6); 2) that mycosis fungoides and psoriasis may exist simultaneously in the same person as separate diseases (7); or 3) that psoriasis may develop into mycosis fungoides (8). Berggreen recently discussed this difference of opinion but mistakenly concluded that “it is impossible to differentiate the two diseases clinically or even histologically” (7a).
Certification and Maintenance of Certification in Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery

The American Board of Otolaryngology is the organization responsible for certifying physicians who have met the Board's professional standards of training and knowledge in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery. The American Board of Otolaryngology monitors the progress of residents through training and conducts examinations for board certification. Quality of care initiatives throughout medicine have stimulated the Board to develop a maintenance of certification process with a 10-year, time-limited certification. Maintaining certification requires participation in the Board's process, which includes evaluation of professional standing, continuing education and self-assessment, cognitive expertise, and performance in practice. The ultimate goal of the American Board of Otolaryngology's activities is improved patient care.
Wavelet-Type Expansion of the Rosenblatt Process

The Rosenblatt process is an important example of self-similar stationary increments stochastic processes whose finite-dimensional distributions are non-Gaussian with all their moments finite. We show that the Rosenblatt process admits a wavelet-type expansion which is almost surely convergent uniformly on compact intervals and which can be thought as decorrelating the high frequencies. Our wavelet expansion of the Rosenblatt process is different from standard wavelet decompositions used in the wavelet literature. It nevertheless yields natural approximations to the Rosenblatt process, possesses a multiresolution-like structure and can be used for simulation of the Rosenblatt process in practice based on the usual Mallat-type pyramidal algorithm.