cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary Psychology and the Explanation of Ethnic Phenomena

In a recent series of articles, Hislope (1998, 2000) and Harvey (2000a, 2000b) have raised questions about the usefulness of “evolutionary theory” especially for any purpose other than identifying “distal” causes of ethnic phenomena. This article responds to those views and argues that evolutionary psychology shows great promise in contributing to the explanation of contemporary ethnic identities and ethnic conflict. The authors argue that an evolutionary psychology approach embraces research conducted through conventional social science approaches, helps to complete explanations of the proximate causes of ethnic conflict, and can recast thought and encourage new areas of research about important issues in the ethnic conflict field. Illustrations are provided in support of each of these points. Some of these arguments have been heard before with respect to the general role of evolutionary theory in explaining social phenomena but they are arguments we think bear repeating and illustrating in the context o...
Security Issues in E-Healthcare

Electronic healthcare, or e-healthcare, for paperless management of all activities within large healthcare establishments, promises much in speeding up the typical bureaucracy of healthcare in medical centers and hospitals. However, the realities that face the proper implementation of e-healthcare involve many security issues. For widespread adoption of e-healthcare by hospitals, it is essential to perform a detailed evaluation of security issues, to set the stage for standardization of various components for the proper implementation of e-healthcare. A typical e-healthcare system can consist of many components and subsystems, such as appointments and scheduling; admission, discharge, and transfer; prescription order entry; dietary planning; routine clinical notes; lab and radiology orders; picture archiving, and smart card sign-on. Each of these subsystems is vulnerable to security threats. This study examines the security issues for the implementation of e-healthcare using currently available healthcare standards, and proposes solutions and recommendations to secure the future of e-healthcare.
Local statistics based filtering method for enhancement in super-resolution image reconstruction

A local statistics based contrast enhancement technique for enhancing the reconstructed high resolution image from a set of shifted and rotated low resolution images is proposed in this paper. Planar shifts and rotations in the low resolution images are determined by a phase correlation approach performed on the polar coordinate representations of their Fourier transforms. The pixels of the low resolution images are expressed in the coordinate frame of the reference image and the image values are interpolated on a regular high-resolution grid. The non-uniform interpolation technique which allows for the reconstruction of functions from samples taken at non-uniformly distributed locations has relatively low computational complexity. Since bi-cubic interpolation produces blurred edges due to its averaging effect, the edges of the reconstructed image are enhanced using a local statistics based approach. The center-surround ratio is adjusted using global statistics of the reconstructed image and used as an adaptive gamma correction to achieve the local contrast enhancement which increases the image sharpness. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by conducting experiments on both synthetic and real image sets and the results are encouraging in terms of visual quality.
Effect of steroids on disposition of oxyphenbutazone in man.

SummaryThe anabolic steroid methan-drostenolone causes an elevation in oxyphen-butazone plasma levels in man. The elevation is not due to a slowed rate of metabolism, but to an altered distribution between plasma and tissues. The glucocorticoids, prednisone and dexamethasone, do not influence the blood levels of oxyphenbutazone.
ACUTE POSTPROCEDURAL RADIOFREQUENCY LESION ASSESSMENT WITH MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING AFTER ABLATION OF ARRHYTHMIAS ARISING FROM THE LEFT VENTRICULAR SUMMIT: CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSMURAL PENETRATION

Ablation of ventricular arrhythmias arising from the LV summit is challenging. The relationship of lesion depth to myocardial thickness has not been systematically evaluated. Contrast enhanced MR scans were performed within 24 hours of open-irrigated ablation. A 1.5T MR scanner (Siemens Avanto,
Influence of Stress on the Growth Hormone (GH) Content of the Pituitary of the Rat

SummaryPituitary GH activity was estimated by the tibial epiphyseal cartilage test in hypophysectomized rats. Experimental animals were exposed to 5 different stimuli. Splenectomy evoked a transient decrease in pituitary GH which was followed by a rise in GH activity apparent within 60 minutes of operation. Formalin injections similarly produced an elevation of pituitary GH activity at 30 to 60 minutes after injection. Ringing a doorbell in the animal's cage intermittently for 30 minutes also elevated pituitary GH. Exposure to a temperature of 3°C for 60 minutes produced a depletion of pituitary GH. A biphasic response was observed in fasting, that is an initial depletion, return to base line, and finally depletion observable 64-88 hours after onset of the fast. It was concluded that a variety of apparently unrelated stimuli could alter the GH content of the pituitary. Taken together with other evidence it appears that GH secretion in the rat is very labile and influenced by a variety of stresses as well ...
Prevalence of nutrition-related health problems among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou

Objective To evaluate the current status of nutrition-related health problems among primary and middle school students in Hangzhou.Methods 3 743 students were surveyed and examined according to the method of Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students(2010) for the screening of growth retardation,thinness,overweight,obesity and anemia.Results The survey revealed that the overall malnutrition rate was 5.51%,which was lower compared to that of students from other similar area surveyed in 2005.However,there were 10.74% overweight students and 7.84% of obesity among those from rural area of Hangzhou,both were higher than that of counterparts from other similar region surveyed in 2005.Also there was as high as 18.89% students suffering from anemia,with marginal anemia accounting for 87.35% which was also higher.Conclusions The prevalence of overnutrition and imbalanced nutrition were more outstanding among students in Hangzhou,especially those from rural area.Therefore specific education on nutrition especially on iron nutrition and comprehensive intervention such as adjusting diet composition scientifically among elementary and middle school students should be enhanced in order to improve their overall physical health.
Study on Countermeasures for Sustainable Development of Resource-Exhausted Cities

The government has released a list of 44 resource-exhausted cities by 2009.These cities are facing many social problems such as environmental problems,the recession of the main industry and imbalanced unemployment.Based on the analysis of the causes of the resource-exhausted cities and the dilemma the cities faced,the paper proposed a strategy for the sustainable development of the resource-exhausted cities from two areas,policy support and legislation.
Making Familia from Scratch

In this chapter, the “unfamiliar” ambiguity of the pocho is addressed through the pocha’s gaze in Lourdes Portillo’s La Ofrenda and The Devil Never Sleeps. In her cinema, cross-border communities are seen as integral to the rewriting of Mexican-Americanness and offer her crossings as a way of recreating a new familia. Lourdes Portillo brings together self-representation, media, and the wholistic response of Chicana artists to previous versions of family, home, and “evil” imposed on crossings into the USA. Cherrie Moraga’s Loving in the War Years and Waiting in the Wings rewrite the “unfamiliar” as oppressive traditions of heteropatriarchy. Her works address the making of familia from scratch, its crossings, and the stereotypes that criminalize that which is outside the norm.
Drill-specific head impact exposure in youth football practice.

OBJECTIVE Although 70% of football players in the United States are youth players (6–14 years old), most research on head impacts in football has focused on high school, collegiate, or professional populations. The objective of this study was to identify the specific activities associated with high-magnitude (acceleration > 40g) head impacts in youth football practices. METHODS A total of 34 players (mean age 9.9 ± 0.6 years) on 2 youth teams were equipped with helmet-mounted accelerometer arrays that recorded head accelerations associated with impacts in practices and games. Videos of practices and games were used to verify all head impacts and identify specific drills associated with each head impact. RESULTS A total of 6813 impacts were recorded, of which 408 had accelerations exceeding 40g (6.0%). For each type of practice drill, impact rates were computed that accounted for the length of time that teams spent on each drill. The tackling drill King of the Circle had the highest impact rate (95% CI 25....
Electronic cigarette retailers use Pokémon Go to market products

Recently, we witnessed a new marketing strategy in which vape shops and online e-cigarette retailers have harnessed the popularity of the interactive smartphone game Pokemon Go to promote vaping products. This approach combines the strengths of recent and traditional strategies thought to be effective in promoting tobacco use to adolescents and young adults: (1) cartoons;1 tobacco product placement in video games2 ,3 and (2) interactive promotional contests.4 ,5 Pokemon Go (created by the game developer Niantic6) is an augmented reality videogame for smartphones that uses the phone's global positioning system (GPS) system to identify real-world locations containing a variety of different Pokemon (ie, cartoon creatures) that appear on the phone screen overlaid on a real-world background (figure 1). The game's primary goal is for the player to travel in the real world, capture Pokemon and send them into battle against other Pokemon at ‘gyms’. To facilitate gameplay, Niantic has designated numerous real-world locations as ‘PokeStops’ (ie, locations where users can obtain tools to increase their power). Figure 1 Smartphone screenshots of Pokemon images overlaid on real-world backgrounds (left panel: USC Department of Preventive Medicine; right panel: Los Angeles-based vape shop). The majority of these PokeStops have been repurposed from Ingress, Niantic's previous augmented …
M1 macrophages are required for murine cerebral aneurysm formation

Introduction Macrophages and neutrophils have been separately implicated in cerebral aneurysm formation. The interactions between different myeloid subsets and the contributions of macrophage phenotypes in these lesions over time are not known. The purpose of the study was to examine macrophage phenotypic changes in cerebral aneurysms. Methods We induced aneurysm formation in C57BL/6 mice and quantified contributions of M1 and M2 macrophages in aneurysm specimens with or without neutrophil blockade. In our aneurysm model, the left common carotid and right renal arteries were ligated, and mice were placed on a hypertensive high fat diet. One week later, stereotactic injection with elastase solution into the basal cisterns was performed. An angiotensin II secreting osmotic pump was implanted. The mice were then treated with anti-CXCL1 antibody or IgG control antibody. Animals were euthanized at 3 days, or 1 or 2 weeks. The circle of Willis was analyzed using immunohistochemistry for M1 and M2 macrophage phenotype contributions. Results Proinflammatory M1/M2 ratio increased in cerebral aneurysm formation over time, from 0.56 at 3 days to 1.75 at 2 weeks (p Conclusions CXCL1 dependent neutrophil inflammation appears to have an important role in macrophage polarization to M1 phenotype in cerebral aneurysm development.
Risk factors for the development of bulimic symptoms in high school girls : A one-year longitudinal study

This 1-year longitudinal study tested risk factors for the prediction of bulimic symptoms in 148 high school girls. Overconcern with body shape and size was found to be the most significant predictor of bulimic symptoms 1 year later. The perception of media promoting a thin ideal body size, body dissatisfaction, depression, and concern for physical appearance were found to predict the presence of weight concerns 1 year later. Concerns about body size, depression, perceptions about social pressures to be thin, teasing about weight and self-esteem were found to covary with improvement and worsening of bulimic symptoms. The finding that body size concerns were most highly predictive of worsening of bulimic symptoms confirms the importance of this variable in the etiology of eating disorders. The importance of these findings for the design of prevention programs for eating disorders was discussed.
The Cosmological constant

The cosmological constant problem is examined in the context of both astronomy and physics. Effects of a nonzero cosmological constant are discussed with reference to expansion dynamics, the age of the universe, distance measures, comoving density of objects, growth of linear perturbations, and gravitational lens probabilities. The observational status of the cosmological constant is reviewed, with attention given to the existence of high-redshift objects, age derivation from globular clusters and cosmic nuclear data, dynamical tests of Omega sub Lambda, quasar absorption line statistics, gravitational lensing, and astrophysics of distant objects. Finally, possible solutions to the physicist's cosmological constant problem are examined.
Agroecology: a brief account of its origins and currents of thought in Latin America

ABSTRACTThis article briefly traces the origins of agroecology in Latin America, and its application by nongovernmental organizations in rural development, its evolution and contributions in academia, and its adoption and dissemination by social rural movements.
A Review of the Use of Biotin for Hair Loss.

Background: Biotin has gained commercial popularity for its claimed benefits on healthy hair and nail growth. Despite its reputation, there is limited research to support the utility of biotin in healthy individuals. Objective: To systematically review the literature on biotin efficacy in hair and nail growth. Methods: We conducted a PubMed search of all case reports and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) using the following terms: (biotin and hair); (biotin and supplementation and hair); (biotin supplementation); (biotin and alopecia); (biotin and nails); (biotin and dermatology), and (biotin recommendations). Results: We found 18 reported cases of biotin use for hair and nail changes. In all cases, patients receiving biotin supplementation had an underlying pathology for poor hair or nail growth. All cases showed evidence of clinical improvement after receiving biotin. Conclusions: Though its use as a hair and nail growth supplement is prevalent, research demonstrating the efficacy of biotin is limited. In cases of acquired and inherited causes of biotin deficiency as well as pathologies, such as brittle nail syndrome or uncombable hair, biotin supplementation may be of benefit. However, we propose these cases are uncommon and that there is lack of sufficient evidence for supplementation in healthy individuals.
Low and variable atmospheric coupling in irrigated Almond (Prunus dulcis) canopies indicates a limited influence of stomata on orchard evapotranspiration

Abstract The degree of coupling to the environment of almond (Prunus dulcis) orchards during periods of transient water stress was investigated in a two-year study in California. Plant water status was monitored weekly, before and/or after irrigation, measuring midday stem water potential (Ψstem) that ranged from −0.5 to −2 MPa, while actual evapotranspiration (ETa) was measured with an eddy covariance tower. Irrigation was applied weekly following common commercial practice, resulting in weekly cycles of Ψstem. Despite Ψstem reaching levels shown to induce substantial stomatal closure, the ratio actual to reference evapotranspiration (ETa/ETo = Ka) did not show a decrease during weekly periods of low Ψstem in the two years of the study. Midday average canopy surface resistance (rcmid), computed by reversing the Penman-Monteith equation from eddy covariance ET data, yielded a statistically significant increase with a decrease in Ψstem, but just in the first year of the study. However, rcmid did not show a significant relationship with stomatal resistance measured at the leaf level with porometry and scaled-up to the canopy level. In the first year, rcmid showed a sharp increase after harvest, when Ka also decreased, perhaps produced by the composite effect of defoliation associated with harvest and stomatal closure associated with water stress. During the growing season, rcmid ranged from 0 to 100 s m−1 and midday average aerodynamic resistance (ramid) ranged between 0 and 50 s m−1. Despite rcmid being generally larger than ra, the midday average decoupling factor (Ω) averaged 0.7 during the irrigation season, indicating decoupled conditions. However, there was a large day to day fluctuation of midday Ω ranging from 0.16 to 0.98 mostly associated with rcmid and wind speed. This study indicated that tall and rough canopies can be relatively decoupled depending on the effect of wind speed and canopy resistance on the decoupling factor. From a water management point of view, this result suggests that inducing transient mild to moderate water stress may not produce substantial water savings in areas having low to moderate winds.
Organizational Dynamics, Public Condemnation and the Impetus to Disengage from Violence

This article examines under what conditions armed Islamist groups intentionally demilitarize and de-legitimize violence, and under what conditions they deprioritize violence temporarily. The centra...
Methods for Evaluating Natural Experiments in Obesity: A Systematic Review

Background Given the obesity pandemic, rigorous methodological approaches, including natural experiments, are needed. Purpose To identify studies that report effects of programs, policies, or built environment changes on obesity prevention and control and to describe their methods. Data Sources PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and EconLit (January 2000 to August 2017). Study Selection Natural experiments and experimental studies evaluating a program, policy, or built environment change in U.S. or non-U.S. populations by using measures of obesity or obesity-related health behaviors. Data Extraction 2 reviewers serially extracted data on study design, population characteristics, data sources and linkages, measures, and analytic methods and independently evaluated risk of bias. Data Synthesis 294 studies (188 U.S., 106 non-U.S.) were identified, including 156 natural experiments (53%), 118 experimental studies (40%), and 20 (7%) with unclear study design. Studies used 106 (71 U.S., 35 non-U.S.) data systems; 37% of the U.S. data systems were linked to another data source. For outcomes, 112 studies reported childhood weight and 32 adult weight; 152 had physical activity and 148 had dietary measures. For analysis, natural experiments most commonly used cross-sectional comparisons of exposed and unexposed groups (n = 55 [35%]). Most natural experiments had a high risk of bias, and 63% had weak handling of withdrawals and dropouts. Limitation Outcomes restricted to obesity measures and health behaviors; inconsistent or unclear descriptions of natural experiment designs; and imperfect methods for assessing risk of bias in natural experiments. Conclusion Many methodologically diverse natural experiments and experimental studies were identified that reported effects of U.S. and non-U.S. programs, policies, or built environment changes on obesity prevention and control. The findings reinforce the need for methodological and analytic advances that would strengthen evaluations of obesity prevention and control initiatives. Primary Funding Source National Institutes of Health, Office of Disease Prevention, and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. (PROSPERO: CRD42017055750).
What the radiologist needs to know: the role of preoperative computed tomography in selection of operative approach for adrenalectomy and review of operative techniques

Adrenalectomy is the standard of care for management of many adrenal tumor types and, in the United States alone, approximately 6000 adrenal surgeries are performed annually. Two general approaches to adrenalectomy have been described; (1) the open approach, in which a diseased adrenal is removed through a large (10–20 cm) abdominal wall incision, and (2) the minimally invasive approach, in which laparoscopy is used to excise the gland through incisions generally no longer than 1–2 cm. Given these disparate technique options, clear preoperative characterization of those specific disease features that inform selection of adrenalectomy approach is critically important to the surgeon. Because most of these features are directly assessed via preoperative abdominal imaging, in particular computed tomography (CT) scanning, a clear mutual understanding among surgeons and radiologists of those adrenal tumor features impacting operative approach selection is vital for planning adrenal surgery. In this context, we review the preoperative CT imaging features that specifically inform adrenalectomy approach selection, provide illustrative examples from our institution’s imaging and surgical archives, and provide a stepwise guide to both the open and laparoscopic adrenalectomy approaches.
ASSESSING PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MANAGEMENT DURING ADOLESCENCE

ASSESSING PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN TYPE 1 DIABETES MANAGEMENT DURING ADOLESCENCE By Elizabeth Moore Robinson, B.A. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2011 Major Director: Clarissa Holmes, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology Department of Psychology and Psychiatry Type 1 diabetes is one of the most common pediatric chronic illnesses. Adolescents are at risk for poorer glycemic control; however, youth whose parents remain involved in diabetes care are in better control. The current study examined parental involvement (PI) using a multimethod, multi-source approach in a sample of 255 youth (Age M = 12.83). The Diabetes Family Responsibility Questionnaire, Parental Monitoring of Diabetes Care Scale, and 24-Hour Diabetes Interview assessed two types of PI, parental responsibility and parental monitoring. Global and specific assessment served to cross-corroborate indicators of PI related to HbA1c. Higher levels of monitoring related to lower HbA1c for both parentand youth-report; however, the effect decreased after controlling for socioeconomic status (SES). Additionally, monitoring mediated the relation between age and HbA1c. Controlling for SES, youth whose parents demonstrated higher levels of monitoring were in better glycemic control. Both research and clinical implications are discussed.
Pediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship: State of the Art

We aim to systematically review the literature on the effectiveness of pediatric antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) and antimicrobial stewardship (AS) strategies in the United States (US) inpatient setting. Furthermore, we review current gaps and challenges for unique pediatric populations and those in ambulatory settings. Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials have been identified as key factors for antimicrobial resistance (AR). Multiple professional organizations support the implementation of hospital-based ASPs to decrease antimicrobial consumption, improve patient outcomes, and reduce healthcare costs. There is limited data on the effectiveness of inpatient pediatric ASPs and AS strategies in unique populations. Furthermore, there is a paucity of evidence on ASPs in ambulatory settings. This review contributes to the growing body of evidence that supports the use of pediatric ASPs to optimize antimicrobial therapy in the inpatient setting as well as in unique patient populations and ambulatory settings. Active stewardship is critical and antimicrobial consumption is a key outcome metric for programs.
Design and validation of a MV/kV imaging-based markerless tracking system for assessing real-time lung tumor motion.

Purpose Localizing lung tumors during treatment delivery is critical for managing respiratory motion, ensuring tumor coverage, and reducing toxicities. The purpose of this project is to develop a real-time system that performs markerless tracking of lung tumors using simultaneously acquired MV and kV images during radiotherapy of lung cancer with volumetric modulated arc therapy. Method Continuous MV/kV images were simultaneously acquired during dose delivery. In the subsequent analysis, a gantry angle-specific region of interest was defined according to the treatment aperture. After removing imaging artifacts, processed MV/kV images were directly registered to the corresponding daily setup cone-beam CT (CBCT) projections that served as reference images. The registration objective function consisted of a sum of normalized cross-correlation, weighted by the contrast-to-noise ratio of each MV and kV image. The calculated 3D shifts of the tumor were corrected by the displacements between the CBCT projections and the planning respiratory correlated CT (RCCT) to generate motion traces referred to a specific respiratory phase. The accuracy of the algorithm was evaluated on both anthropomorphic phantom and patient studies. The phantom consisted of localizing a 3D printed tumor, embedded in a thorax phantom, in an arc delivery. In an IRB-approved study, data were obtained from VMAT treatments of two lung cancer patients with three electromagnetic (Calypso) beacon transponders implanted in airways near the lung tumor. Result In the phantom study, the root mean square error (RMSE) between the registered and actual (programmed couch movement) target position was 1.2 mm measured by the MV/kV imaging system, which was smaller compared to the MV or kV alone, of 4.1 and 1.3 mm, respectively. In the patient study, the mean and standard deviation discrepancy between electromagnetic-based tumor position and the MV/KV-markerless approach was -0.2 ± 0.6 mm, 0.2 ± 1.0 mm, and -1.2 ± 1.5 mm along the superior-inferior, anterior-posterior, and left-right directions, respectively; resulting in a 3D displacement discrepancy of 2.0 ± 1.1 mm. Poor contrast around the tumor was the main contribution to registration uncertainties. Conclusion The combined MV/kV imaging system can provide real-time 3D localization of lung tumor, with comparable accuracy to the electromagnetic-based system when features of tumors are detectable. Careful design of a registration algorithm and a VMAT plan that maximizes the tumor visibility are key elements for a successful MV/KV localization strategy.
Kauffman Index of Entrepreneurial Activity, 1996-2006

The Kauffman Index measures the monthly rate of business creation at the individual owner level, reporting the percent of non-business owners who start businesses with more than fifteen hours worked per week. The matched basic monthly files from the Current Population Survey (CPS) provide a uniquely large, nationally representative panel dataset for measuring this entrepreneurial activity. The total sample size for the period from 1996 to 2006 for the adult population is over eight million. Detailed demographic information available in the CPS and large sample sizes also allow for estimates of separate indices by gender, race, education, age, and immigrant status. Indices for all states and for the largest MSAs are also calculated.
The impact of mass customization on fashion-innovative students: an assessment of need for uniqueness, self-identity, and perceived performance risk

ABSTRACTMany retailers have implemented mass customisation technologies to allow customers to individualise products. While the concept of customisation has been assessed, few studies to date have ...
Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma.

In October 2019, the FDA released draft guidance offering numerous recommendations to help ensure women have access to breast implant benefit and risk information, including that manufacturers incorporate a boxed warning and patient decision checklist in the device’s labeling, and update recommendations for patient screening for device rupture and more.
The advanced reactor technologies (art) graphite R&D program

Abstract The USA DOE Advanced Reactor Technologies (ART) graphite R&D program supporting HTR design is one of the longest running nuclear graphite R&D programs. Significant progress has been made in several areas of research within this extensive program including unirradiated and irradiated testing of nuclear graphite, oxidation results and modeling, fracture behavior, irradiation damage studies, and several international collaboration studies. The latest results in these research areas as well as a discussion of a new direction in nuclear graphite irradiation for the USA program will be presented with the USA deciding to support moderate to high dose irradiation of nuclear graphite (0.5 to 15 dpa). The irradiation plan and a tentative schedule for this new irradiation direction will be presented in detail.
3D ISAR Imaging Algorithm Based on Amplitude Monopulse Processing at W Band

This paper introduces an inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging algorithm for performing high resolution three dimensional (3D) imaging of moving targets at millimeter wave (MMW). The algorithm takes full advantage of the available spatial modalities resulting from an amplitude monopulse antenna configuration designed to operate over the 92–96 GHz band. Using the simulated antenna patterns, this novel ISAR approach accurately estimates the 3D spatial locations of the scatterers in the scene and can operate robustly at relatively low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) levels. The approach should be broadly useful for generating high resolution imagery in long range MMW monopulse tracking radars.
Making Present the Past: Canada’s St. Louis Apology and Canadian Jewry’s Pursuit of Refugee Justice

The six million Jews killed during the Holocaust include many who fled Nazi Germany in 1939 on the MS St. Louis. Prime Minister Justin Trudeau’s 2018 apology for Canada’s failure of conscience in denying the MS St. Louis safe haven was a symbolic moment. Never again would Canada close its doors to all legitimate refugees and immigrants. Written against the backdrop of this historic apology, this article examines the evolution of Canadian Jewry’s relationship to immigration and international refugee crises. Two years after liberation, under international pressure and shifts in popular attitudes, Canada resettled 35,000 Jewish Holocaust survivors. Solidifying their position as an important ethnoreligious minority, Canadian Jews became humanitarian leaders. After the April 1975 fall of Saigon, Jewish leadership contributed to a private refugee sponsorship program that resettled more than 50,000 Indochinese “boat people” from Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia (1979–1980). More recently, Canadian Jewish individuals, groups, and synagogues sponsored more than 40,000 Syrian refugees, 1200 Yazidis, and hundreds of Armenian Christians. Has this humanitarianism been a specific response to the Holocaust? In what ways does the generous support toward non-Jewish refugees constitute a historic signpost in Canadian Jewry’s growing confidence, agency, and sense of security as Canadians?
Prenatal and intrapartum high-risk screening. I. Prediction of the high-rish neonate.

Abstract A high-risk pregnancy screening system based on a prospective analysis of prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal factors in 738 pregnancies can predict perinatal morbidity and mortality. Factors were assigned with weighted values according to their assumed risk. Total scores for the prenatal, intrapartum, and neonatal period were dichotomized to simplify the scoring system by forming a low-risk group (scores
Data, Knowledge, & Information in Database and Knowledge-Based Systems"

Although the terms â€œdataâ€ , â€œknowledgeâ€ , and â€œinformationâ€ are frequently used when referring to information systems, there is neither a clear distinction amongst them, nor a clear way to apply them in the development of database and knowledge-based systems. The objective of this paper is to analyze the current literature on data, knowledge and information, and strive to provide a set of guidelines for distinguishing amongst these terms. These guidelines could be useful to system users and developers to make efficient information resources management and utilization. In order to do so, semiotics is employed as a framework for analyzing existing interpretations of these terms. As a result of the analysis, five prominent features are identified which are then used to discuss data, knowledge, and information.
Association Between Midlife Obesity and Kidney Function Trajectories: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study

Rationale & Objective Obesity has been related to risk for chronic kidney disease. However, the associations of different measures of midlife obesity with long-term kidney function trajectories and whether they differ by sex and race are unknown. Study Design Observational study. Setting & Participants 13,496 participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. Predictors Midlife obesity status as measured by body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat at baseline. Outcomes Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) calculated using serum creatinine level measured at 5 study visits, and incident kidney failure with replacement therapy (KFRT). Analytical Approach Mixed models with random intercepts and random slopes for eGFR. Cox proportional hazards models for KFRT. Results Baseline mean age was 54 years, median eGFR was 103 mL/min/1.73 m2, and median BMI was 27 kg/m2. Over 30 years of follow-up, midlife obesity measures were associated with eGFR decline in White and Black women but not consistently in men. Adjusted for age, center, smoking, and coronary heart disease, the differences in eGFR slope per 1-SD higher BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, and predicted percent fat were 0.09 (95% CI, −0.18 to 0.36), −0.25 (95% CI, −0.50 to 0.01), and −0.14 (95% CI, −0.41 to 0.13) mL/min/1.73 m2 per decade for White men; −0.91 (95% CI, −1.15 to −0.67), −0.82 (95% CI, −1.06 to −0.58), and −1.02 (95% CI, −1.26 to −0.78) mL/min/1.73 m2 per decade for White women; −0.70 (95% CI, −1.54 to 0.14), −1.60 (95% CI, −2.42 to −0.78), and −1.24 (95% CI, −2.08 to −0.40) mL/min/1.73 m2 per decade for Black men; and −1.24 (95% CI, −2.08 to −0.40), −1.50 (95% CI, −2.05 to −0.95), and −1.43 (95% CI, −2.00 to −0.86) mL/min/1.73 m2 per decade for Black women. Obesity indicators were independently associated with risk for KFRT for all sex-race groups except White men. Limitations Loss to follow-up during 3 decades of follow-up with 5 eGFR assessments. Conclusions Obesity status is a risk factor for future decline in kidney function and development of KFRT in Black and White women, with less consistent associations among men.
Lab-in-a-pencil graphite: A 3D-printed microfluidic sensing platform for real-time measurement of antipsychotic clozapine level.

A novel lab-in-a-pencil graphite microfluidic sensing electrode (μFSE) was fabricated for real-time flow injection measurement of the antipsychotic drug clozapine (Clz). A simple, low-cost, and reusable μFSE was obtained by using 3D printing of a microfluidic chamber integrated with a flat pencil graphite without the need to utilize complex technologies. The μFSE has tubular geometry with 800 μm diameter, where the solution continuously flows in the holes of flat pencil graphite electrodes. Under optimized conditions, this device offers fast and effective Clz detection with good analytical features. A linear calibration curve in the range of 0.5 to 10 μM Clz was obtained with good sensitivity (0.01275 μA μM-1) and detection limit (24 nM). Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our lab-fabricated microfluidic electrochemical device by monitoring Clz in serum samples at low concentrations.
Inhibiting β-catenin disables nucleolar functions in triple-negative breast cancer

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients with upregulated Wnt/β-catenin signaling often have poor clinical prognoses. During pathological examinations of breast cancer sections stained for β-catenin, we made the serendipitous observation that relative to non-TNBC, specimens from TNBC patients have a greater abundance of nucleoli. There was a remarkable direct relationship between nuclear β-catenin and greater numbers of nucleoli in TNBC tissues. These surprising observations spurred our investigations to decipher the differential functional relevance of the nucleolus in TNBC versus non-TNBC cells. Comparative nucleolar proteomics revealed that the majority of the nucleolar proteins in TNBC cells were potential targets of β-catenin signaling. Next, we undertook an analysis of the nucleolar proteome in TNBC cells in response to β-catenin inhibition. This effort revealed that a vital component of pre-rRNA processing, LAS1 like ribosome biogenesis factor (LAS1L) was significantly decreased in the nucleoli of β-catenin inhibited TNBC cells. Here we demonstrate that LAS1L protein expression is significantly elevated in TNBC patients, and it functionally is important for mammary tumor growth in xenograft models and enables invasive attributes. Our observations highlight a novel function for β-catenin in orchestrating nucleolar activity in TNBCs.
Graphing the Intersection of Rate and Fidelity in Single-Case Research

Single-case research is a prevalent and useful method for evaluating the effects of interventions in special education research. A single-case graph “should make available all of the data that permit evaluation of the criteria for visual inspection, at the very least,” while not misleading inspectors (Kazdin, 2011, p. 335). Although this is widely known, it poses challenges for multifaceted dependent variables, such as those that address both rate and a measure of quality, such as fidelity. Both factors may be important to accurately interpret intervention effects, such as those within cascading interventions implemented by natural change agents. However, representing both in a single graph is challenging. In response to this challenge, we present a single data set from a multiple-baseline design graphed in six distinct formats. Across these graphs, we discuss implications for visual analysis and interpretation and invite discussion of this important area of single-case research in search of recommendations for best practice.
Use of the Electronic Health Record to Assess Prevalence of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Pregnancy.

BACKGROUND In the United States, the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) during pregnancy remains largely unknown as data at the national or state level are limited or nonexistent, respectively. OBJECTIVES In an effort to identify opportunities to improve maternal health surveillance, we assessed the feasibility of anemia, ID, and IDA surveillance among first-trimester pregnancies using electronic health records (EHRs). METHODS We identified pregnancies among Kaiser Permanente Northwest members aged ≥18 y during 2005-2016 with first-trimester prenatal care (n = 41,991). Earliest laboratory test results for hemoglobin or hematocrit and ferritin were selected. We describe the proportion of pregnancies screened for and the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA; the concordance of anemia status by hemoglobin compared with hematocrit; and the proportion of pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed anemia that also had an International Classification of Diseases diagnostic code related to anemia. RESULTS Identified pregnancies included women who were 73.1% non-Hispanic (NH) white, 11.5% Hispanic, 8.5% NH Asian/Pacific Islander, and 2.9% NH black. Hemoglobin and hematocrit results were available for 92.7% (n = 38,923) pregnancies. Anemia prevalence was 2.7% (n = 1045) based on hemoglobin <11.0 g/dL or hematocrit <33%; 45.2% of anemia cases had both low hemoglobin and low hematocrit. Among pregnancies with anemia, 18.9% (n = 197) had a ferritin result; of those, 48.2% had ID (ferritin <15 μg/L). In pregnancies without anemia, 3.4% (n = 1275) had a ferritin result; of those, 23.5% had ID. Based on 1472 pregnancies with both anemia and ID assessed, prevalence of ID and IDA was 26.8% and 6.5%, respectively; estimates likely represent selective screening. CONCLUSIONS EHR data have potential to monitor anemia prevalence and trends in health systems where prenatal anemia screening is nearly universal. However, if iron assessment is not routine, then representative estimates of ID or IDA are unattainable.
Rotational motion estimation and analysis in digital image sequences

In this paper we consider the problem of motion estimation, analysis and selective reconstruction of objects undergoing rotational motion. There are multiple objects rotating with different angular velocities in the image sequences. The goal is to estimate their distinct motion parameters(in this case is the angular velocities), and also identify their locations at each time instance by selective reconstruction. These parameters and locations can be used for various purpose such as motion compensation in video coding, military target detection, recognition and tracking, robot's focus/shift attention, road navigation, etc. The new algorithm we have developed is based on angular velocity tuned 2D+T filters. One of the important fact about our algorithm is that it is effective for both spinning motion and orbiting motion, thus unifies the treatment of the two kinds of rotational motion. Furthermore, it can also derives the angular velocities seperatly by choosing different scale values once the objects have different sizes. The algorithm is robust against noise and occlusion. It is simulated and tested on several synthesized image sequences corrupted by noise and shows to be accurate.
The Shapes of Elliptical Galaxies with Central Density Cusps and Massive Dark Objects

For a sample of 22 core ellipticals and 22 power law ellipticals, I examine the apparent axis ratios of isophotes as a function of the dynamical time at the isophote's mean radius. The two types of elliptical galaxy have a significantly different distribution of shapes in the region where the dynamical time is short (about 1 Myr); the core galaxies are rounder in this region. In the outer regions, the two types have indistinguishable shape distributions. I perform a more detailed analysis of the apparent and intrinsic shapes at two chosen locations: a inner region, where the dynamical time is 0.75 Myr, and an outer region, where the dynamical time is 50 Myr. The inner isophotes of core galaxies are consistent with their being randomly oriented oblate objects, with a peak intrinsic axis ratio of c/a = 0.86. The outer regions of core galaxies are inconsistent with their being randomly oriented oblate or prolate objects. The oblate hypothesis cannot be rejected for the inner and outer regions of power law ellipticals at the 90% confidence level. The observed shapes are consistent with the hypothesis that the inner regions of core galaxies are nearly spherical and nearly axisymmetric, perhaps as the result of the physical process which formed the core.
Corpus Callosum Deficiency in Transgenic Mice Expressing a Truncated Ephrin-A Receptor

The A-class of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular carcinoma cell-derived (EphA) tyrosine kinase receptors and their ligands, the A-ephrins, play critical roles in the specification of topographic axon projection maps during development. In this study, the role of the EphA subfamily in callosal projections was investigated using transgenic mice expressing a kinase deletion mutant of EphA5. In approximately half of these transgenic mice, cerebral cortical neurons in various cortical regions (primary and secondary somatosensory cortices and frontal as well as visual areas) failed to project to the contralateral cortex. When commissural axons were examined with DiI labeling, few callosal fibers were found to traverse the midline in both the adult and neonatal transgenic mice. This defect in callosal development correlates with the expression of the transgene, because neurons in the superficial layers of the motor cortex, where transgene expression is low, show normal contralateral projection through the corpus callosum. In addition, multiple EphA receptors are expressed in callosal neurons and ephrin-A5 stimulates neurite outgrowth of callosal neurons in vitro. The midline glia structures important for callosal axon midline crossing appear normal in the transgenic mice, suggesting that the defects are unrelated to defective guidance structures at the midline. These observations suggest critical functions for EphA receptor in establishing callosal connections during brain development.
Selective fluorination and separation of metals with NF3 for mass spectrometry

We report recent progress on the development of a new methodology based on the generation of volatile metal fluorides through the use of nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) and the measurement of these metal fluorides by electron ionization mass spectrometry. Though unreactive under ambient conditions, NF3 reacts selectively at specified temperatures with various metal-containing species to form volatile metal fluorides. Utilizing these species-dependent traits, elements of a sample may be sequentially produced and thus separated on-line. Tellurium was reacted inside a thermogravimetric analyzer, the gas outlet of which was directly coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electron impact ionization source.
Insights into Dahl salt-sensitive hypertension revealed by temporal patterns of renal medullary gene expression.

Dahl salt-sensitive SS and consomic, salt-resistant SS-13BN/Mcw rats possess a highly similar genetic background but exhibit substantial differences in blood pressure salt sensitivity. We used cDNA...
Structural variation among wild and industrial strains of Penicillium chrysogenum.

Strain selection and strain improvement are the first, and arguably most important, steps in the industrial production of biological compounds by microorganisms. While traditional methods of mutagenesis and selection have been effective in improving production of compounds at a commercial scale, the genetic changes underpinning the altered phenotypes have remained largely unclear. We utilized high-throughput Illumina short read sequencing of a wild Penicillium chrysogenum strain in order to make whole genome comparisons to a sequenced improved strain (WIS 54–1255). We developed an assembly-free method of identifying chromosomal rearrangements and validated the in silico predictions with a PCR-based assay and Sanger sequencing. Despite many rounds of mutagen treatment and artificial selection, WIS 54–1255 differs from its wild progenitor at only one of the identified rearrangements. We suggest that natural variants predisposed for high penicillin production were instrumental in the success of WIS 54–1255 as an industrial strain. In addition to finding a previously published inversion in the penicillin biosynthesis cluster, we located several genes related to penicillin production associated with these rearrangements. By comparing the configuration of rearrangement events among several historically important strains known to be high penicillin producers to a collection of recently isolated wild strains, we suggest that wild strains with rearrangements similar to those in known high penicillin producers may be viable candidates for further improvement efforts.