cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Development of a pheromone trap for monitoring Tribolium castaneum

Abstract Several commercially available pheromone traps were compared for their efficiency in capturing adult Tribolium castaneum under simulated warehouse conditions. The traps compared were the Storgard®, the PT 6 Allure®, and the Trappit®. Traps differed significantly in their effectiveness. Several new designs were tested and the Savannah trap, developed from a tennis ball canister, was found to be the most effective. This design has been refined and patented as U.S. Patent number 5,090,153.
Monomeric Square-Planar Cobalt(II) Acetylacetonate: Mystery or Mistake?

No evidence was found for the existence of a previously reported mononuclear square-planar form of unsolvated cobalt(II) acetylacetonate, Co(acac)2, in all samples that have been obtained by using a variety of preparative techniques and crystallization conditions. It was confirmed that the structure of tetramer Co4(acac)8, reported back in 1964 by Cotton and Elder, is correct, the synthesis is reproducible, and the bulk material corresponds to single-crystal data. Additionally, the title compound can be isolated in tetranuclear form by reducing cobalt(III) acetylacetonate with cobalt metal in solvent-free conditions or by crystallization from a hexanes solution. At the same time, from noncoordinating halogenated solvents, Co(acac)2 crystallizes as a trinuclear core molecule, in which all Co atoms also exhibit octahedral coordination. From coordinating solvents such as ethanol, cobalt(II) acetylacetonate was found to appear in the form of its bis-adduct Co(acac)2(EtOH)2. On the basis of observations made i...
Can prostate-specific antigen nadir predict prostate cancer outcomes following radiotherapy?

Can prostate-specific antigen nadir predict prostate cancer outcomes following radiotherapy?
X-ray coherent diffraction imaging of cellulose fibrils in situ

Cellulose is the most abundant renewable source of organic molecules on earth[1]. As fossil fuel reserves become depleted, the use of cellulose as a feed stock for fuels and chemicals is being aggressively explored. Cellulose is a linear polymer of glucose that packs tightly into crystalline fibrils that make up a substantial proportion of plant cell walls. Extraction of the cellulose chains from these fibrils in a chemically benign process has proven to be a substantial challenge [2]. Monitoring the deconstruction of the fibrils in response to physical and chemical treatments would expedite the development of efficient processing methods. As a step towards achieving that goal, we here describe Bragg-coherent diffraction imaging (CDI) as an approach to producing images of cellulose fibrils in situ within vascular bundles from maize.
Fat level, high temperature cooking and degree of doneness affect sensory, chemical and physical properties of beef patties

Ground beef patties containing either 4 or 20% fat were cooked by electric grill (G) alone or in combination with overhead broiler unit (BG) to be (visually) either medium or well-done. Patties with 20% fat had higher beef flavor intensity, juiciness and tenderness scores, lower Instron shear and compression values, and lower cooking yields than 4% fat patties. However, 4% fat patties cooked to medium, had similar sensory ratings to 20% fat patties cooked well-done. About 20% of patties cooked to medium did not reach recommended internal temperatures and holding times for food safety.
Teacher Development in Advanced Educational Technology.

Advanced educational technology promises to improve science teaching and learning. To achieve the posited outcomes, however, teachers must have access to, know how to, have the skills to, and want to use the proposed advanced educational technologies in their teaching. In response, for the past eight years with support from the National Science Foundation, BSCS has conductedENLIST Micros — a teacher development to help science teachers improve their use of microcomputers.ENLIST Micros has three phases — Phase one (1984–1986): BSCS designed, tested, and producedENLIST Micros (Ellis and Kuerbis, 1987, 1989) teacher development materials (text, video, and tutorial software) for helping science teachers improve their use of educational technology. Phase two (1986–1989): BSCS designed, developed, tested, and disseminated a staff development model for helping science teachers integrate educational technology into instruction. Phase three (1989–1992): BSCS established Teacher Development Centers to implement theENLIST Micros teacher development materials and staff development model with science teachers throughout the United States.ENLIST Micros has served more than 1500 science teachers in 15 states. Teachers who have participated in the program have improved their knowledge, attitude, and self-efficacy about computer usage and have improved their use of microcomputers in their science courses. Furthermore, as part of the project, BSCS has described the implementation process and has developed recommendations to support improvements in the use of educational technology in science programs.
Cytolytic molecules in rejection.

Purpose of review Acute and chronic rejection are major problems in clinical transplantation. Rejection is largely mediated by natural killer (NK) and T cells that use cytolytic molecules, including perforin, granzymes, granulysin, and Fas ligand, to eliminate the allograft. The purpose of this review is to inform the reader of recent advances in our understanding of the roles of cytolytic molecules in rejection and their potential as biomarkers of rejection. Recent findings Although it is well accepted that T cells are the major effector cells in acute rejection, there is an increasing recognition that cells of the innate immune system, and in particular NK cells, also play a major role in allograft rejection. Summary Both NK cells and cytotoxic T cells contribute to acute rejection. The major molecules involved include perforin, granzymes, granulysin, and Fas ligand. Molecular profiles that include these and other molecules may allow better management of organ allograft recipients.
High‐Level Transfer and Long‐Term Expression of the Human β‐Globin Gene in a Mouse Transplant Modela

Insertion of a normally functioning human beta-globin gene into the hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) of patients with beta-thalassemia may be an effective approach to the therapy of this disorder. Safe, efficient gene transfer and long-term, high-level expression of the transferred human beta-globin gene in animal models are prerequisites for HSC somatic gene therapy. We have recently shown for the first time that, using a modified beta-globin retroviral vector in a mouse transplant model, long-term, high-level expression of a transferred human beta-globin gene is possible. The human beta-globin gene continues to be detected up to eight months post-transplantation of beta-globin-transduced hematopoietic cells into lethally irradiated mice. The transferred human beta-globin gene is detected in three of five mice surviving long-term (> 4 months) transplanted with bone marrow cells transduced with high-titer virus. The unrearranged 5.1 kb human beta-globin gene-containing provirus is seen by Southern blotting in two of these mice. More importantly, long-term expression of the transferred gene is seen in two mice at levels of 5% and 20% that of endogenous murine beta-globin. We document stem cell transduction by showing continued high-level expression of the human beta-globin gene in secondarily transplanted recipient mice. These results provide evidence of HSC transduction with a human beta-globin gene in animals and demonstrate that retroviral-mediated unrearranged human beta-globin gene transfer leads to a high level of human beta-globin gene expression in the long term for the first time. A gene therapy strategy may be a feasible therapeutic approach to the beta-thalassemias if consistent human beta-globin gene transfer and expression into HSC can be achieved.
Optimization of permanent magnet plasma confinement

Abstract Confinement of plasma by permanent magnets is studied with three magnet geometries. Full line cusps are found to give optimum plasma density. Increase in density is primarily due to confinement of primary electrons.
The development of the triggered vacuum gap as a high voltage energy diverter

The principle of the triggered vacuum gap exemplified as a new metal-vapor arc device in which a vacuum gap is broken down by the injection of a minute quantity of ionized hydrogen has been successfully applied to the development of high voltage energy diverters designed to operate from several hundred volts up to 350 kilovolts. The use of multiple series gradient electrodes to obtain high voltage hold-off by uniform voltage division with a single plasma injection source is described. Switching times and voltage and current breakdown characteristics have been measured and are reported. Triggering characteristics as a function of design parameter have been investigated. This development has resulted in high voltage, high power, energy diverters with fast triggering and recovery times and with wide voltage range suitable for the protection of RF components. The program and similar application has also contributed new experimental background to the understanding of vacuum breakdown.
Vocalizations of East African monkeys II : black and white colobus

Six sound patterns are important in social communication of the black and white colobus, Colobus guereza, in the Budongo forest, Uganda. The loud roaring of adult males seems to function in intergroup spacing. The snort of adult males may be a threat or an alarm. A soft purring, rarely heard, accompanies a group movement. A cawing sound is used by adult females, juveniles, and infants in situations of mild distress or threat. Squeaks and screams are used by adult females, infants, and juveniles in acute distress. A non-vocal sound, the tongue click, is employed in territorial defense. The characteristics of these sounds are interpreted in light of the social organization of this species which is territorial, with an average group of eight animals, typically with only one adult male. Signals used primarily in intertroop communication are discrete, while those used for signalling within the troop are graded.
Growth and optical properties of single-crystal metastable (GaAs)1-xGex alloys

Single-crystal metastable (GaAs)1-xGex alloys with 0-x-1 have been grown on (100) GaAs substrates using ultra-high-vacuum ion-beam sputter deposition. Optical absorption measurements showed that the direct gap E0 exhibited a large negative, but nonparabolic, bowing as a function of x with a broad minimum E0-0.5 eV near 35 mole % Ge. Raman results exhibited a nonlinear 'single-mode' behaviour, with the longitudinal and transverse optical modes becoming degenerate at x = 1.
Race, Gender, Crime Severity, and Decision Making in the Juvenile Justice System:

Based on interpretations of an integrated focal concerns and loosely coupling framework, individual and joint relationships involving race and gender with case outcomes were examined as well as possible tempering effects by crime severity and the stage in the proceedings. The results from multiple logistic regression indicate mixed support for the theoretical framework in terms of the ability to determine at what stages race and gender effects would be most evident. Crime severity was predictive of decision making and in some cases had a conditioning effect on the discovered race/gender relationships with case outcomes. The implications of the findings and directions for future research are discussed.
The Effect Of Delayed Comparison In The Language Laboratory On Phoneme Discrimination And Pronunciation Accuracy

Three separate classes of students of English as a second language were divided into groups matched on measures of pronunciation discrimination and production. One half of the students monitored their previously recorded responses to pronunciation exercises in the language laboratory and the other half received comparable exposure to the contents of these exercises by responding actively a second time. A mobile language laboratory, The Plurilingua, used in this experiment, which permits up to six individuals to record and subsequently monitor their responses on one spool of magnetic tape is described. It was hypothesized that the active groups would show a significantly higher degree of improvement in discrimination accuracy and pronunciation authenticity of English phonemes. At the end of the experiment, no significant effects were found, although there was evidence of a trend which favored the active groups.
Enteric fistulization of a common iliac artery aneurysm: An unusual cause of gastrointestinal hemorrhage and shock

A 78-year-old man with a history of recent unexplained lower gastrointestinal bleeding presented to the emergency department with the acute onset of abdominal pain, tenesmus, and shock. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a fistula between a common iliac artery aneurysm and the small intestine. Laparotomy demonstrated a saccular aneurysm of the common and proximal internal iliac arteries with fistulous communication to the distal ileum. Aneurysmectomy, arteriorrhaphy, and segmental ileal resection with primary anastomosis were successfully performed. This case illustrates a rare complication of an uncommon aneurysm, emphasizing the need for emergency physicians to consider complicated vascular disease in the evaluation of a patient with abdominal pain and shock.
Three methods for evaluation of left atrial volume

cardiograms were reexamined and LA volume measured using the AL, SIMP, and PE methods. Of 102 consecutive patients evaluated, 97 had a measure of LA volume using all 3 methods. A significant difference in the measurement of mean+ SD LA volume was noted among the 3 different methods: 37+ 16 mL/m 2 for AL, 34+ 14 mL/m 2 for SIMP, and 27+ 12 mL/m 2 for PE. The PE method yielded routinely smaller values compared with either the AL or SIMP method (P , 0.001). Differences increased with increased LA volume. The SIMP method derived consistently smaller (,5 mL/m 2 ) values than those of the AL method, consistent across the full range of LA volumes. Conclusion Significant differences exist among these 3 commonly used methods for measuring LA volume. Standardization of the measurement of LA volume is recommended.
The relationship between adjuvant and mitogenic effects of amphotericin methyl ester.

Abstract The antifungal polyene amphotericin B (AmB) and its methyl ester derivative (AME) both show potent murine immunostimulant as well as B-cell activating effects. Under certain experimental conditions, AME is a much more potent polyclonal B-cell activator (PBA) than AmB. Notable features of the murine B-cell stimulation induced by AME include: (i) High concentrations of AME (50–100 μg/ml) are required and even at this level exhibit little or no spleen cell toxicity. (ii) Several lines of evidence suggest that the B-cell activating properties of AME are not involved in the cellular mechanism of adjuvant activity in vivo . (iii) There is a strong correlation between the magnitude of the in vitro PBA effects and the in vivo adjuvant effects of AME in a survey of different mouse strains. This evidence suggests that there is genetic control of the murine lymphoid cell-stimulatory effects of AME and that a small number of genes determines the responsive phenotype.
The Furnas County Stone of the Norton County, Kansas‐Furnas County, Nebraska, Achondritic Fall (1000,400)*

A preliminary account is given in this paper of a record-breaking meteorite—the Furnas County member of the extraordinary Norton County, Kansas-Furnas County, Nebraska, achondritic fall of 1948 February 18 (coordinate number = 1000,400). This specimen, discovered on 1948 August 16, is conservatively estimated to weigh 1 metric ton (2200 lbs.). If that estimate is correct, or nearly correct, then the Furnas County stone is by far the largest known aerolite in the world and the largest meteorite of any type ever observed to fall. Several other significant facts concerning this remarkable meteorite are noted and briefly discussed. The giant aerolite was recovered thru the combined efforts of the Institute of Meteoritics of the University of New Mexico and the University of Nebraska State Museum, which have acquired joint ownership of it.
Dystonia and parkinsonism

Parkinsonism and dystonia may coexist in a number of neurodegenerative, genetic, toxic, and metabolic disorders and as a result of structural lesions in the basal ganglia. Parkinson's disease (PD) and the 'Parkinson-plus' syndromes (PPS) account for the majority of patients with the parkinsonism-dystonia combination. Dystonia, particularly when it involves the foot, may be the presenting sign of PD or PPS and these disorders should be suspected when adults present with isolated foot dystonia. Young age, female gender, and long disease duration are risk factors for PD-related dystonia, but dystonia in patients with PD is usually related to levodopa therapy. The mechanism of dystonia in PD is not well understood and the management is often challenging because levodopa and other dopaminergic agents may either improve or worsen dystonia. Other therapeutic strategies include oral medications (baclofen, anticholinergics and benzodiazepines), local injections of botulinum toxin, intrathecal baclofen, and surgical lesions or high frequency stimulation of the thalamus, globus pallidus, or subthalamus.
Work/Life Balance: You can't Get there from here

In this article, I contend that the well-intentioned discourse of work/life balance in the popular and scholarly press actually may undermine women’s and men’s attempts to live fulfilling lives. Dr...
Intermediate phenotypes and genetic mechanisms of psychiatric disorders

Using schizophrenia as an example, Meyer-Lindenberg and Weinberger review the effectiveness of the intermediate phenotype concept for characterizing the neural systems affected by risk gene variants, with a view to elucidating mechanistic aspects of brain function implicated in psychiatric disease. Genes are major contributors to many psychiatric diseases, but their mechanisms of action have long seemed elusive. The intermediate phenotype concept represents a strategy for characterizing the neural systems affected by risk gene variants to elucidate quantitative, mechanistic aspects of brain function implicated in psychiatric disease. Using imaging genetics as an example, we illustrate recent advances, challenges and implications of linking genes to structural and functional variation in brain systems related to cognition and emotion.
STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS IN FRANZ KAFKA'S THE METAMORPHOSIS

Kafka's The Metamorphosis is not only a masterpiece of modern literature, but also a work that exemplifies many ideas of structural family therapy. In this essay I have examined how this novels embodies concepts such as parentified children, enhancement, intergenerational boundaries, coalitions and triangles, structural dysfunction, and structural thinking on anorexia nervosa.
On the estimation in the presence of noise of the impulse response of a random, linear filter

A sounding signal is transmitted through a transmission medium which may be characterized as a linear filter whose impulse response is random, i.e., drawn according to some probability law from an ensemble of possible impulse responses. To the output of the medium is added random noise; the resultant waveform is the received signal. A receiver is required to operate on this received signal so as to make a linear, minimum-mean-square-error estimate of the impulse response of the transmission medium. Two problems concerned with the design of such a sounding system are considered in this paper. The first is the determination of the transfer function of the optimum linear estimating filter in the receiver. The second is the optimization of the spectrum of the transmitted sounding signal.
Female Appearance Presentation: Gender Differences in Social Attribution and Situational Choice

This study investigated the relationship between gender and: (a) attributions toward dramatic, natural, classic, and romantic female appearance styles; and (b) preferences for these styles in situations representing various behavioral con straints. Semantic differential ratings of line drawings depicting the appearance styles were provided by 170 male and 190 female undergraduates. Male percep tions of appropriateness and female wearing preferences among these styles were measured in four hypothetical situations with associated constraints: (a) apart ment complex party, low social; (b) cocktail party, moderate social; (c) average working day, varying occupational; and (d) staff meeting, high occupational. Dimensions of appearance attribution related to traditionality, sociability, for mality, and strength were identified through factor analysis. A two-way multivar iate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was used to analyze male and female attri butions toward each appearance style on these dimensions. Significant main effects and interactions were found. Chi-square and z-tests indicated that males and females tended to select specific, but not necessarily the same, styles under different constraints. Results were interpreted from the perspective of self-pre sentation theory.
Relating electrophotographic printing model and ISO13660 standard attributes

A mathematical model of the electrophotographic printing process has been developed. This model can be used for analysis. From this a print simulation process has been developed to simulate the effects of the model components on toner particle placement. A wide variety of simulated prints are produced from the model's three main inputs, laser spread, charge to toner proportionality factor and toner particle size. While the exact placement of toner particles is a random process, the total effect is not. The effect of each model parameter on the ISO 13660 print quality attributes line width, fill, raggedness and blurriness is described.
Metabolic Bone Disease: A Continued Challenge in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants

Background: Metabolic bone disease (MBD) is an important prematurity-related morbidity, but remains inadequately investigated in extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants, the group most at risk. The objective was to describe the incidence and associated risk factors of MBD in ELBW infants. Methods: Retrospective analysis of all ELBW infants admitted between January 2005 and December 2010 who survived > 8 weeks. MBD was defined as the presence of osteopenia or rickets in radiographs. Results: Of the 230 infants included in the study, 71 (30.9%) developed radiological evidence of MBD (cases) of which 24/71 (33.8%) developed spontaneous fractures. MBD and fractures were noted at mean postnatal ages of 58.2 ± 28 and 100.0 ± 61 days, respectively. Compared with controls, cases were smaller at birth (664.6 ± 146 g vs 798.1 ± 129 g), more premature (25.0 ± 1.8 vs 26.4 ± 1.9 weeks), more frequently associated with mechanical ventilation, chronic lung disease, parenteral nutrition days, cholestasis, furosemide, p...
Length and Dimensional Measurements at NIST.

This paper discusses the past, present, and future of length and dimensional measurements at NIST. It covers the evolution of the SI unit of length through its three definitions and the evolution of NBS-NIST dimensional measurement from early linescales and gage blocks to a future of atom-based dimensional standards. Current capabilities include dimensional measurements over a range of fourteen orders of magnitude. Uncertainties of measurements on different types of material artifacts range down to 710 –8
A comprehensive study of the rotational energy profiles of organic systems by ab initio MO theory, forming a basis for peptide torsional parameters

Ab initio molecular orbital calculations have been carried out on over 50 model organic molecules and ions to provide the data necessary in the determination of torsional parameters for a force field involving polypeptides. The rotational energy profiles were obtained at the HF/6-31G*//HF/6-31G* level. The results were supported, in many cases, by full geometry optimizations and with consideration of correlation corrections at the MP2 level. With the exception of the dihedral angle being studied, all of the molecules were fully optimized with C1 symmetry. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An index for characterization of nanomaterials in biological systems

In a physiological environment, nanoparticles selectively absorb proteins to form 'nanoparticle-protein coronas', a process governed by molecular interactions between chemical groups on the nanoparticle surfaces and the amino-acid residues of the proteins. Here, we propose a biological surface adsorption index to characterize these interactions by quantifying the competitive adsorption of a set of small molecule probes onto the nanoparticles. The adsorption properties of nanomaterials are assumed to be governed by Coulomb forces, London dispersion, hydrogen-bond acidity and basicity, polarizability and lone-pair electrons. Adsorption coefficients of the probe compounds were measured and used to create a set of nanodescriptors representing the contributions and relative strengths of each molecular interaction. The method successfully predicted the adsorption of various small molecules onto carbon nanotubes, and the nanodescriptors were also measured for 12 other nanomaterials. The biological surface adsorption index nanodescriptors can be used to develop pharmacokinetic and safety assessment models for nanomaterials.
Subjectivity and Severe Psychiatric Disorders

To have a complete human science in the mental health field it is essential to give adequate attention to both the objective and the subjective data related to people with psychiatric disorders. The tendency in the past has been to ignore or discount one or the other of these data sources. Subjective data are particularly neglected, sometimes considered (only) part of the "art" of medicine since the usual methodologies of the physical sciences in themselves are not adequate to reflect the nature, elusiveness, and complexity of human subjective experience. The complete experience of hallucinated voices, for instance, often includes not only the voices themselves but also terrible anguish and terrifying inability to concentrate. But even such descriptors fall unnecessarily short of reflecting the data of the experience, thus leaving research, theory, and treatment with incomplete information. To represent adequately the subjective data it is essential to recognize that besides the usual discursive knowledge and methods of traditional physical science, a second kind of knowledge and method is required to reflect the depth of human experience. To accomplish this, we must employ approaches to narrative and the arts that are uniquely capable of capturing the nature of these experiences. Only by attending seriously in our research, training, theory, and practice to the unique nature of subjective data is it possible to have a true human science for our field.
Phylogenetic Relationships in the Commelinaceae: I. A Cladistic Analysis of Morphological Data

The plant family Commelinaceae displays a wide range of variation in vegetative, floral, and inflorescence morphology. This high degree of variation, particularly among characters operating under strong and similar selective pressures (i.e., flowers), has made the assessment of homology among morphological characters difficult, and has resulted in several discordant classification schemes for the family. Phylogenetic relationships among 40 of the 41 genera in the family were evaluated using cladistic analyses of morphological data. The resulting phylogeny shows some similarity to the most recent classification, but with some notable differences. Cartonema (subfamily Cartonematoideae) was placed basal to the rest of the family. Triceratella (subfamily Cartonematoideae), however, was placed among genera within tribe Tradescantieae of subfamily Commelinoideae. Likewise, the circumscriptions of tribes Commelineae and Tradescantieae were in disagreement with the most recent classification. The discordance between the phylogeny and the most recent classification is attributed to a high degree of convergence in various morphological characters, particularly those relating to the androecium and the inflorescence. Anatomical characters (i.e., stomatal structure), on the other hand, show promise for resolving phylogenetic relationships within the Commelinaceae, based upon their agreement with the most recent classification.Communicating Editor: Richard Jensen
Equilibrium Chemistry Calculations for Assessment of NOx Abatement Strategies in IC Engines

Nitrogen Enriched Air (NEA) has shown great potential in NOx reduction without the drawbacks of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Use of NEA in stationary natural gas engines has shown up to 70% NOx reduction with a modest 2% nitrogen enrichment. However, nitrogen enrichment beyond a point leads to degradation in engine performance in terms of power density, brake thermal efficiency and unburned hydrocarbons. Optimizing the nitrogen enrichment levels to reduce NOx without performance degradation of the engine would greatly benefit the advancement of the air separation membrane technology. Development of fast and robust modeling tools to compute the temporal variation of the incylinder engine pressure, temperature and NOx formation can aid experimental efforts in determining the optimum enrichment levels for a given engine operating condition. This work presents a methodology to compute engine-out NOx for engines with and without nitrogen enrichment. Temporal variation of in-cylinder engine pressure and temperature can be obtained by a solution of the energy equation. Using these temperature and pressure values, along with the instantaneous composition of the working fluid, one can evaluate the equilibrium concentration of the combustion products. Since the NOx formation freezes a few crank angle degrees after the completion of combustion, it is instructive to examine whether the equilibrium computation can provide a reasonable estimate of engine-out NOx . To this end, engine-out NOx computed by using the above-mentioned procedure was obtained as a function of equivalence ratio for cases with nitrogen enrichment of 2% and no nitrogen enrichment. The results showed that the equilibrium NOx concentrations a few crank angle degrees after end of combustion were close to those reported experimentally in stationary natural gas engines. These results suggest that it would be possible to use equilibrium chemistry computations to evaluate various NOx mitigation strategies.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
History of Image-Guided Therapy at Brigham and Women’s Hospital

This chapter reviews the history of image-guided therapy (IGT) at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital that is closely tied to the evolution of the field over the last 20 years. The Brigham IGT program introduced the intraoperative use of MRI for neurosurgery in the early 1990s and, soon after that, for thermal ablations and prostate brachytherapy. Today, more than 150 intraoperative MRIs are used in operating rooms around the world. The MRI-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS) procedure was also pioneered at the Brigham and has been applied to the treatment of benign uterine fibroids and malignant tumors in the breast, prostate, and brain. Close to 100 MRgFUS therapy delivery systems are now in use worldwide. Currently the National Center for Image-Guided Therapy (NCIGT) is further developing critical aspects of IGT including advance multimodality imaging and computational analysis, guidance and navigation techniques, and new technologies for image-guided therapy delivery systems. National and international collaborations are an essential feature of the program that attracts investigators from around the world.
Waxd Study of Low TCE Polyimide Films Formed from Polyamic Acid Blends and Copolymers.

Low TCE polyimides, typically BPDA-PDA and related materials are well known for their special properties which include low in-plane TCE, up to 3X higher elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength, and lower moisture uptake relative to the commonly known flexible chain polyimides {xc[1]}. These differences are due to the rod-like orientation and highly organized molecular structure of the polyimides that are derived from linear-planar precursors resulting in more anisotropic properties such as the X-Y vs Z-direction TCE {xc[2]}, and optical as well as dielectric properties. p]In the present study, we have measured the WAXD patterns of polyimide films formed from BPDA-PDA and BTDA-PDA polyamic acid mixtures and BPDA-BTDA-PDA random copolyamic acids. In order to examine the effect of a highly flexible chain segment on the molecular anisotropy of rod-like polyimides, preliminary WAXD patterns were recorded for films of BPDA-BDAF and a BPDA-PDA-BDAF copolyimide. p]An in-plane and an out-of-plane crystallinity index, measures of molecular order within the polyimide films studied were estimated from the WAXD patterns. The data are correlated with the various blends and copolymer compositions and discussed in terms of structural implications.
A Method for the Determination of Real-Space Interatomic Force-Constants

We present a method for the self-consistent determination of inter-atomic force-constants. Using non-local ab-initio pseudopotentials to represent the ion-electron interaction and linear response theory to calculate the self-consistent change in the electron density, we are able to calculate the dynamical matrices at arbitrary points in the Brillouin zone. Diagonalization of the dynamical matrix yields phonon eigenvectors and eigenvalues, and fourier inversion yields the real-space interatomic force-constants. We present numerical results for the phonon-dispersion of a variety of metals.
Predictors of Depression and PTSD Treatment Response Among Veterans Participating in Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression are prevalent and often co-occur among veterans. There is growing interest in the effects of mindfulness-based interventions among veterans. This study examined PTSD and depression outcomes, and baseline predictors of response, among veterans who participated in mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR). Participants included 116 veterans with PTSD before and after MBSR. Multilevel modeling assessed baseline predictors of change in PTSD and depressive symptoms. There were clinically significant reductions in PTSD and depression symptoms posttreatment and at 4 months follow-up. For PTSD, effect sizes were in the medium range posttreatment (d = −.63) and at follow-up (d = −.69), and for depression posttreatment (d = −.58) and at follow-up (d = −.70). Baseline PTSD was a significant predictor of slope (β = .03, p = .04) on PTSD outcomes; higher baseline PTSD predicted greater rate of reduction in symptoms. For depression (β = .04, p < .01,), those with severe or moderately severe depression exhibited the greatest rate of improvement. However, veterans with high symptom severity did remain symptomatic post-MBSR. These findings show preliminary support for MBSR in facilitating symptom reduction for veterans with severe PTSD and co-occurring depression.
ON THE LOWER CONFIDENCE LIMIT OF THE CALCULATED RELIABILITY FOR MECHANICAL COMPONENTS AND STRUCTURAL MEMBERS

In mechanical and structural reliability analysis, the reliability of a mechanical component or a structural member is determined by the distributions of design factors. However, the parameters of these distributions are rarely known in real life, especially at the design stage. In engineering practice, a parameter is usually estimated from a random sample with a finite sample size, such as testing data, field where data, or simulation. Obviously, statistical uncertainties of the estimated parameters exist, which must affect the quantification of the designed-in reliability. Furthermore, the designer has to be concerned about how good the calculated design-in reliability is. The solution is to attach a confidence level to the calculated reliability, or to find confidence limits on the true reliability at a specified confidence level. In this paper, the statistical uncertainties of the design factors are taken into account. The estimated parameters, and the computed reliability are treated as random variables. Based on reasonable assumptions, a method of determining the reliability confidence limits is proposed. The expression for the lower confidence limit on the reliability is derived, for the simple stress-strength interference case first and then is extended to the most general case. The proposed algorithm can be easily incorporated into current probabilistic design-by-reliability codes. failure governing (actual) stress, s, or
The New Rigor: Beyond the Right Answer

In today's business environment, characterized by complex questions without clear, black and white answers, business success requires something more of MBA education. Based on nearly 10 years of ob...
The Development and Thinking of Modern Agricultural Model Parks

The modern agricultural model park is the new organized form of science and technology and industry during science and technology innovation.it is with technique intensively,with science and technology develop,demonstrate,radiation and expansion for main function,it can push a traditional agriculture transformation,promote the district agriculture structure adjustment and wade an agriculture industrial upgrading and strengthen agriculture and agricultural product international competitiveness.This text puts forward the policy suggestions of modern agriculture model garden on the base to analyze construction result and the problem of modern agricultural model parks.
PREDICTION OF A_(r3)FOR Nb-CONTAINING LOW CARBON STEELS

Proeutectoid ferrite transformation start temperatures(A_(r3))under variant continuous cooling rates were measured by dilatometer experiments.A new model,based on ferrite nucleation growth model and considering the solute drag-like effect of Nb,was used to predict A_(r3)of Nb-containing low carbon steels.It is shown that a limiting carbon concentration in the vicinity of the growing ferrite nuclei is invariable with the variations of temperature and cooling rate,while increases linearly with the Nb content increasing.During the continuous cooling process,the increases of Nb content results in decreasing of the nuclei temperature of proeutectoid ferrite when Nb content is not above 0.023%.Nb solutionized in austenite inhabits the proeutectoid ferrite transformation,and NbC accelerates ferrite nucleation.This model is suitable to predict A_(r3)of low carbon steels with Nb content lower than 0.04%,and the calculated A_(r3)is in good agreement with the measured value.
Analysis of combining ability heritability of major agronomic traits of two-line super hybrid rice

4 different photo-thermo-sensitive sterile lines(i.e.Y58S,etc.) and 8 restorers(i.e.9311,etc.) were utilized by the method of incomplete diallel cross(NCⅡ) to make 32 crosses,which was used to observe and evaluate 10 agronomic traits such as plant height,number of panicles per plant in F1hybrid rice,in order to analyze the combining ability and heritability.Results were ①The general combining ability and the specific combining ability variances were significantly different in major agronomic traits at 0.05 and 0.01 levels,respectively.In addition to general combining ability variance of number of empty grains per panicle,seed setting rate,yield per plant,the other 7 traits contributed more than that of specific combining ability to F1hybrid rice,which showed that the general combining ability was more important than the specific combining ability for hybrids yield potential.②The plant height,straw length,panicle length,number of empty grains per panicle,seed setting rate,yield per plant of hybrid rice F1were mainly influenced by female lines,while number of panicles per plant,number of grains per panicle,number of filled grains per panicle,1 000–grain weight were mainly affected by restorers.To increase the super hybrid rice yield,the key method should be the improvement of both parents.Breeding for female lines should emphasize the large sink and raise the ratio of sink/source,breeding for restorers should focus on enlarging the size of source and sink.③Sterile lines Y58S,Guangzhan63S and restorers Yuanhui2,R0293 were the better parents for F 1 yield improvement because of their better the general combining ability in all parents.④The order of h n 2 of 10 yield traits was panicle length,1 000–grain weight,number of filled grains per panicle,plant height,straw length,number of grains per panicle,seed setting rate,number of empty grains per panicle,number of panicles per plant,yield per plant.And these characters,panicle length,1 000–grain weight,number of filled grains per panicle,plant height were important supporting points for promoting the yield potential in super hybrid rice breeding.
Freeform extrusion fabrication of titanium fiber reinforced 13-93 bioactive glass scaffolds.

Abstract Although implants made with bioactive glass have shown promising results for bone repair, their application in repairing load-bearing long bone is limited due to their poor mechanical properties in comparison to human bone. This work investigates the freeform extrusion fabrication of bioactive silicate 13–93 glass scaffolds reinforced with titanium (Ti) fibers. A composite paste prepared with 13–93 glass and Ti fibers (~16 µm in diameter and lengths varying from ~200 µm to ~2 mm) was extruded through a nozzle to fabricate scaffolds (0–90° filament orientation pattern) on a heated plate. The sintered scaffolds measured pore sizes ranging from 400 to 800 µm and a porosity of ~50%. Scaffolds with 0.4 vol% Ti fibers measured fracture toughness of ~0.8 MPa m1/2 and a flexural strength of ~15 MPa. 13–93 glass scaffolds without Ti fibers had a toughness of ~0.5 MPa m1/2 and a strength of ~10 MPa. The addition of Ti fibers increased the fracture toughness of the scaffolds by ~70% and flexural strength by ~40%. The scaffolds’ biocompatibility and their degradation in mechanical properties in vitro were assessed by immersing the scaffolds in a simulated body fluid over a period of one to four weeks.
Class Discourse in Croatia: Where Did It Go? Is It Coming Back?

This article summarizes recent trends in Croatia with regard to class analysis and class discourse. It traces the main currents both in academic debate as well as more broadly in the public sphere. Issues of class were sidelined with the outbreak of war and the rise of nationalism in the 1990s. Later, neoliberalism further weakened class and leftist discourse. Research on class has been sporadic and rare. New developments among a younger generation of leftist activists and scholars have begun to challenge the silence on class, but the main trends have not been reversed.
Congenital Defects of Thyroid Hormone Synthesis

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the congenital defects in synthesis of thyroid hormone. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is mentioned to be the most inborn endocrine disorder and one of the most preventable causes of mental retardation. The disorder may be associated with abnormalities of thyroid gland development and migration (thyroid dysgenesis) or the disease can be caused by inherited defects in one of the steps of thyroid hormone synthesis (thyroid dyshormonogenesis). The etiological classification of CH is stated to be based on clinical and biochemical evaluation by measurement of serum thyrotropin, thyroxine, triiodothyronine and thyroglobulin by thyroid ultrasonography and scintigraphy. The identification of key steps involved in thyroid hormone synthesis can make molecular genetic diagnosis feasible for a majority of dyshormonogenesis patients. The pathophysiology and genetics of specific dyshormonogenesis defect is elaborated. An effective treatment of patients with specific defects is mentioned to be iodide supplementation rather than by levothyroxine and an early molecular diagnosis can predict the necessity for life-long hormone replacement therapy.
Immature Stages of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from India. VI. Taxonomy and Biology of Thirteen Species of Genus Agromyza Fallen

AbstractImmature stages of thirteen species of Genus Agromyza Fallen have been given. Notes on their biology, distribution and a dichotomous key for the identification of the immature stages have also been included.
Cobalt-Mediated Reactions of Oxazoles and Thiazoles with Alkynes

An experimental foray into the potential of oxazoles and thiazoles to enter into CpCo-mediated [2+2+2] cycloadditions is described. α,ω-Diynes failed to engage the heterocycles productively, as illustrated by the behavior of the unique cobaltacyclopentadiene(oxazole) complex 10 , the isolation and X-ray structural determination of which is recorded. Alkyne-tethered systems gave moderate yields to products resulting from [2+2+2] cycloaddition and C–H activation. The azaenol ether bridge in the cycloaddition products appears sensitive to oxidation, elimination, and rearrangement, depending on the system and reaction conditions.
A Unified Framework for Dividing and Predicting a Large Set of Action Units

This paper presents a unified framework for robust and real-time recognition of a full set of Action Units or a majority of them. The key idea is to systematically divide the AUs into two subsets: strongly connected AUs (SAUs) and weakly connected AUs (WAUs). A probabilistic scoring function is introduced to divide the AUs into SAUs and WAUs based on the strength of spatial AU relations. Then, a spatio-temporal model is created to predict WAUs in real-time without using any computer vision techniques. A number of empirical analyses were performed to validate the proposed framework. The systematic division of AUs is found to be consistent across various datasets. It is also observed that the spatio-temporal model is robust in predicting WAUs within and across datasets. For example, comparison of the proposed framework with the state-of-the-art technique, such as Computer Expression Recognition Tool Kit (CERT), is performed on posed, FERA 2011, and spontaneous expression databases. The average two-alternative forced choice (2AFC) scores of WAUs on these databases are found to be $0.931$ , $0.637$ , and $0.654$ for the unified framework. The corresponding numbers for the CERT are $0.795$ , $0.434$ , and $0.414$ for the same datasets. Hence, the 2AFCs are improved by 17.11, 46.77, and 57.97 percent, respectively. Most importantly, the proposed approach outperforms the CERT significantly with spontaneous facial expressions. In addition, the unified framework is found to be effective in minimizing errors introduced by simultaneous display of emotion and speaking. In particular, it is observed that it has an 75.87 percent improvement over the CERT in identifying WAUs on speaking part of the FERA 2011 dataset. Additionally, it was also observed that proposed framework has better 2AFC score compared to another state of the art AU detector: LAUD 2010. Finally, the proposed approach also contributes in a significant reduction of the run-time and improves robustness in predicting WAUs from various datasets.
Problems screening for HAND among the educationally disadvantaged

Neurocognitive screeners are used to detect symptoms of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). However, the degree to which education and socioeconomic status affect these screeners remains unclear. Neurocognitive screeners were administered to 187 socioeconomically disadvantaged HIV+ individuals upon entering treatment who had no other risk factors for HAND. The false positive rates were: 84% for the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, 59% for the International HIV Dementia Scale, and 28.3% for the Modified HIV Dementia Scale. Given these high false positive rates, the screeners may be more useful for establishing baseline functioning and sequential testing to detect deterioration.