cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hospitals and optometry: an evolving relationship.

Most hospital-based optometrists practice at government hospitals or HMOs that provide comprehensive care. But most U.S. hospitals are private, provide episodic acute care, and limit admitting, staff and clinical privileges to physicians. Most patients that private optometrists treat do not require hospital admission, but many do require laboratory tests or procedures (ultrasonography, radiographic studies, CAT and NMR studies, clinical laboratory blood/serology studies and glucose tolerance tests) that can be provided by hospitals. Hospital admitting, staff, or clinical privileges are not needed for optometrists to order these studies for their patients on an outpatient basis. This type of hospital affiliation may initially be more useful to more optometrists than staff membership, admitting, or clinical privileges and would improve patient care and quality of referrals. This paper reviews hospital organization, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations (JCAHO) Standards and how they apply to optometrists wishing to affiliate with private hospitals.
Ras activation in platelets after stimulation of the thrombin receptor, thromboxane A2 receptor or protein kinase C

Several reports have indicated that the small G-protein Ras is not present immunologically in platelets. However, here we report the identification of Ras in platelets by immunoprecipitation with the Ras-specific monoclonal antibodies Y13-259 or Y13-238, followed by Western blotting. The presence of Ras was not due to contamination of samples with erythrocytes or leucocytes. Immunofluorescence studies indicated that Ras was present in a peripheral rim pattern in fixed, permeabilized platelets, suggesting an intracellular, plasma membrane location. Activation of platelets with the thrombin receptor peptide42Ő50, the prostaglandin H2/thromboxane A2 mimetic U46619 or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate induced a rapid increase in GTP-bound, activated Ras. In each case, this increase was inhibited by the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor bisindolylmaleimide GF 109203X, suggesting that Ras is activated downstream of PKC in platelets. Thus the activation of Ras in platelets by agonists will now allow consideration of multiple potential Ras-dependent signal transduction pathways in platelet activation processes.
Modelling Marginal Hazards in Multivariate Failure Time Data

We consider the problem of estimating relative risk parameters in the marginal distribution of failure times from a sample in which individuals are grouped into clusters and failure times for individuals within clusters may be dependent. We assume that the marginal hazard of failure for individuals within a cluster is specified by a relative risk regression model and the structure of dependence between individuals within a cluster is left unspecified. Estimating equations for the regression parameters and an estimator for the cumulative base-line marginal hazard are described
Differential Diagnosis and Diagnostic Evaluation Algorithm

Pancreatic masses encompass a variety of etiologies, with pancreatic adenocarcinoma being the most common solid lesion. Depending on the clinical scenario and specific imaging features, the differential diagnosis of a pancreatic lesion can be challenging, especially when underlying pancreatic pathology exists like chronic pancreatitis. The common diagnostic tree to differentiate pancreatic masses is based on cross-sectional imaging studies with contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) being a valuable initial test. Based on the findings, a diagnosis can be frequently established. Nondiagnostic imaging findings require additional workup, with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with fine-needle aspiration (FNA) being the main nonsurgical diagnostic tools. This article reviews common and uncommon solid and cystic pancreatic lesions, delineates their typical radiographic findings, compares the diagnostic yield of the imaging studies, and proposes a diagnostic algorithm guiding through common diagnostic challenges with the adequate diagnostic imaging technique.
Medical Imaging Modalities in Radiotherapy

Therapeutic ratio improvement by exploiting the highly conformal distributions that are enabled by current image-guided radiation delivery systems depends on the accurate identification and localization of both treatment targets and healthy structures. While imaging is indispensable in accomplishing this task, the reflection of disease-related morphological and functional features in 3D and 4D medical image datasets is determined by: physical contrast generation mechanisms; imaging system design, performance, and capabilities; and clinical acquisition protocols. The intent of this chapter is to provide an overview of the above factors for the most widely used medical imaging modalities in radiotherapy. Thus this chapter examines, to varying degrees of detail: Computed tomography (CT) Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Smith-Lemli-Opitz Syndrome

Two sibs, a male aged 3 years and female aged 7 months, with a variant of Smith-Lemli-Opitz (SLO) syndrome and atypical sterol metabolism are reported from the Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
Whistler waves with angular momentum in space and laboratory plasmas and their counterparts in free space

AbstractElectromagnetic waves with helical phase surfaces arise in different fields of physics such as space plasmas, laboratory plasmas, solid-state physics, atomic, molecular and optical sciences. Their common features are the wave orbital angular momentum associated with the circular wave propagation around the axis of wave propagation. In plasmas these waves are called helicons. When particles or waves change the field momentum they experience a pressure and a torque which can lead to useful applications. In plasmas electrons can damp or excite rotating whistlers, depending on the electron distribution function in velocity space. A magnetized plasma is an anisotropic medium in which electromagnetic waves propagate differently than in space. Phase and group velocities are different such that wave focusing and wave reflections are different from those in free space. Electrons experience Doppler shifts and cyclotron resonance which creates wave damping and growth. All media exhibit nonlinear effects whic...
Fast classifier learning under bounded computational resources using Partitioned Restricted Boltzmann Machines

We develop a Partitioned Restricted Boltzmann Machine (PRBM) for classification. We demonstrate that this method provides both speed and accuracy. Specifically, because it is partitioned into smaller RBMs, all available data can be used for training, and individual RBMs can be trained in parallel. Moreover, as the number of dimensions increases, the number of partitions can be increased to significantly reduce runtime computational resource requirements. All other recently developed methods using RBMs for classification suffer from some serious disadvantage under bounded computational resources; one is forced to either use a subsample of the whole data, run fewer iterations (early stop criterion), or both. Our Partitioned-RBM method provides an innovative scheme to overcome this shortcoming.
Fatigue in laser welds

Abstract: A description of fatigue in laser welds is presented in this chapter. The processes of laser welding and hybrid laser arc welding are discussed briefly. Properties of laser welds are summarized related to their influence on fatigue resistance including comparisons to conventional welding techniques. The advantages of laser and hybrid laser welding are presented including a description of applications where laser welding can be used advantageously. The results of fatigue studies of several common connection details are presented including: butt-welds, T and double T joints, lap welds and stake welds used in sandwich panels. The large variation in fatigue test results which are dependent on material and process parameters are demonstrated. Fatigue testing of connections fabricated with new materials and processes is essential. Research on fatigue response of laser welded connections is active.
The Syntax-Semantics Interface: On-Line Composition Of Sentence Meaning

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a discussion on the syntax–semantics interface. The task of a theory of semantic interpretation is to characterize how elements in a syntactic string semantically relate to one another. Clearly, this depends on how one conceptualizes the meaning of the elementary building blocks—that is, the terminal nodes of a syntactic tree. Interpreting an expression typically requires integrating it into an evolving discourse model. Frequently, this requires resolving ambiguities at conceptually distinct levels, fixing reference, and drawing inferences to align local and global aspects of the discourse. To fully accomplish this task, it is uncontroversial that, in addition to lexical and syntactic constraints, comprehenders must draw upon pragmatic knowledge. The importance of high-level constraints has been illustrated by the finding that comprehenders sometimes adopt a pragmatically plausible interpretation even if it is incongruent with lexical and syntactic constraints.
ANSON O. KITTREDGE: EARLY ACCOUNTING PIONEER

Leafing through early accounting journals from the last two decades of the 19th century, accounting historians and enthusiasts piece together the history of accountancy in the U.S., yet pay little attention to the editors of these journals who at times almost single-handedly willed their existence, clearing the road for modern accounting journals. Anson O. Kittredge, who was probably the most outstanding and influential editor of the 19th century, was also an author, teacher, CPA examiner, innovator, practitioner, and organizer.
Capitalism and Cloves: East African Historical Archaeology

This chapter concludes the book by tying together the way in which Zanzibari clove plantations play out a narrative of local histories of colonialism and capitalist formations. In some ways, this study is particularistic; the findings in this book relate to a specific historical context, quite unlike that studied by the majority of historical archaeologists. But these specificities cannot be disengaged from the fact that the shifts occurring were also tied in to global networks. Zanzibaris themselves were often aware of such networks, but their power may have been more often felt through the ways in which local practices came into contact with multiple possible ways of doing. Clove plantations came into being only because this crop could be grown for a global market, only because Omani merchants were already on the islands of Zanzibar, and only because there was already a significant slave trade in Eastern Africa. The social relations and cultural shifts on these plantations can be understood within larger global shifts in colonial contexts, whereby newly creolized cultural practices came into being. This chapter argues that by being simultaneously so rooted in local conditions and so much a part of global connections, clove plantations allow for reflections back on the broader field of historical archaeology. In turn, this may allow for a clearer understanding of the particularities of colonialism and capitalism in many different places, including those more traditionally the subject of study in this field.
Matricidal cavernous aneurysms: a multicenter case series.

Background Cavernous carotid artery aneurysms (CCAs) represent a unique subset of intracranial aneurysms due to their distinct natural history and the anatomy of the cavernous sinus. Enlarging CCAs can cause elastic compression of the parent internal carotid artery (ICA). We suggest defining aneurysms that cause luminal stenosis of their parent vessels as ‘matricidal aneurysms.’ Though many patients are asymptomatic, presenting symptoms of CCAs include ophthalmoplegia with resulting diplopia, vision changes, pain, ptosis, facial numbness, and cavernous-carotid fistula. Less commonly, patients with CCAs can present with epistaxis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and—in cases of matricidal aneurysms—ischemia due to stenosis. The proper management of stenosis caused by a matricidal CCA is not well established and may not be intuitive. Methods We present a multicenter retrospective case series of patients with matricidal CCAs. Results Forty patients with matricidal aneurysms presented with both asymptomatic and symptomatic stenosis. These patients were either treated with conservative medical management, coiling, flow diversion, or endovascular sacrifice of the parent artery. Planned treatment modalities were not executed in 11 cases (28% treatment failure rate). Presenting symptoms, patient outcomes, and follow-up data are presented for all cases. Conclusion Matricidal aneurysms require careful consideration and planning. The restricted anatomy of the cavernous sinus can make successful execution of endovascular interventions more difficult. Direct elastic compression of the parent artery does not respond to angioplasty and stenting in the same way atherosclerotic stenosis does. Because of this, planning for the possibility of parent vessel sacrifice is important.
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES OF STRESS-INDUCED CARDIOMYOPATHY WITH DYNAMIC LEFT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT OBSTRUCTION

Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction is present in 10-25% of stress-induced cardiomyopathy cases, which is altogether not an uncommon event. Medical management of stress-induced cardiomyopathy with reduced ejection fraction differs from that of stress-induced cardiomyopathy with LVOT
What has AI in common with philosophy

AI needs many ideas that have hitherto been studied only by philosophers. This is because a robot, if it is to have human level intelligence and ability to learn from its experience, needs a general world view in which to organize facts. It turns out that many philosophical problems take new forms when thought about in terms of how to design a robot. Some approaches to philosophy are helpful and others are not.
Dilemmas in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

It is now possible to predict with a high degree of certainty that no matter what care is given, some newborn infants will be severely retarded. Controversies about how best to treat these infants sometimes arise in my area of medicine, intensive care for the newborn. And, to put the issue in perspective, it is important to note that there may be a stark contrast between what one may feel should be done and what can be done under difficult circumstances and with limited resources. The number of beds or personnel available for neonatal intensive care is sometimes inadequate to serve these patients. How many beds or personnel there are affect the lives or well-being of these sick infants. But this is a funding decision. Ultimately, it is a political one, with which the medical profession has to live.
ETA receptor activation contributes to T cell accumulation in the kidney following ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and acute kidney injury (AKI) increase the risk of developing hypertension, with T cells suspected as a possible mechanistic link. Endothelin promotes renal T cell infiltration in several diseases, predominantly via the ETA receptor, but its contribution to renal T cell infiltration following renal IR injury is poorly understood. To test whether ETA receptor activation promotes T cell infiltration of the kidney following IR injury, male C57BL/6 mice were treated with the ETA receptor antagonist ABT-627 or vehicle, commencing 2 days prior to unilateral renal IR injury. Mice were sacrificed at 24 h or 10 days post-IR for assessment of the initial renal injury and subsequent infiltration of T cells. Vehicle and ABT-627-treated mice displayed significant upregulation of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the IR compared to contralateral kidney at both 24 h and 10 days post-IR (P < 0.001). Renal CD3+ T cell numbers were increased in the IR compared to contralateral kidneys at 10 days, but ABT-627-treated mice displayed a 35% reduction in this effect in the outer medulla (P < 0.05 vs. vehicle) and a nonsignificant 23% reduction in the cortex compared to vehicle-treated mice. Whether specific T cell subsets were affected awaits confirmation by flow cytometry, but outer medullary expression of the T helper 17 transcription factor RORγt was reduced by ABT-627 (P = 0.06). These data indicate that ET-1 acting via the ETA receptor contributes to renal T cell infiltration post-IR injury. This may have important implications for immune system-mediated long-term consequences of AKI, an area which awaits further investigation.
Recent advances in understanding the roles of hypocretin/orexin in arousal, affect, and motivation

The hypocretins (Hcrts) are two alternatively spliced neuropeptides (Hcrt1/Ox-A and Hcrt2/Ox-B) that are synthesized exclusively in the hypothalamus. Data collected in the 20 years since their discovery have supported the view that the Hcrts play a broad role in the control of arousal with a particularly important role in the maintenance of wakefulness and sleep-to-wake transitions. While this latter point has received an overwhelming amount of research attention, a growing literature has begun to broaden our understanding of the many diverse roles that the Hcrts play in physiology and behavior. Here, we review recent advances in the neurobiology of Hcrt in three sections. We begin by surveying findings on Hcrt function within normal sleep/wake states as well as situations of aberrant sleep (that is, narcolepsy). In the second section, we discuss research establishing a role for Hcrt in mood and affect (that is, anxiety, stress, and motivation). Finally, in the third section, we briefly discuss future directions for the field and place an emphasis on analytical modeling of Hcrt neural activity. We hope that the data discussed here provide a broad overview of recent progress in the field and make clear the diversity of roles played by these neuromodulators.
Ranking statistically similar highway travel corridors using speed datasets within the USA

Commercially available probe vehicle speed data are becoming a reliable means to evaluate roadway performance within the United States of America (USA). These temporally defined data are used to id...
Nonlocal fermions and the entropy volume law

To produce a fermionic model exhibiting an entanglement entropy volume law, we propose a particular version of nonlocality in which the energy-momentum dispersion relation is effectively randomized at the shortest length scales while preserving translation invariance. In contrast to the ground state of local fermions, exhibiting an entanglement entropy area law with logarithmic corrections, the entropy of nonlocal fermions is extensive, scaling as the volume of the subregion and crossing over to the anomalous fermion area law at scales larger than the locality scale, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$. In the 1D case, we are able to show that the central charge appearing in the universal entropy expressions for large subregions is simply related to the locality scale. These results are demonstrated by exact diagonalizations of the corresponding discrete lattice fermion models. Within the Ryu-Takayanagi holographic picture, the relation between the central charge and the locality scale suggest a dual spacetime in which the size of the flat UV portion and the radius of anti--de Sitter in the IR are both proportional to the locality scale, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$.
Towards Automated Safety Vetting of PLC Code in Real-World Plants

Safety violations in programmable logic controllers (PLCs), caused either by faults or attacks, have recently garnered significant attention. However, prior efforts at PLC code vetting suffer from many drawbacks. Static analyses and verification cause significant false positives and cannot reveal specific runtime contexts. Dynamic analyses and symbolic execution, on the other hand, fail due to their inability to handle real-world PLC programs that are event-driven and timing sensitive. In this paper, we propose VetPLC, a temporal context-aware, program analysis-based approach to produce timed event sequences that can be used for automatic safety vetting. To this end, we (a) perform static program analysis to create timed event causality graphs in order to understand causal relations among events in PLC code and (b) mine temporal invariants from data traces collected in Industrial Control System (ICS) testbeds to quantitatively gauge temporal dependencies that are constrained by machine operations. Our VetPLC prototype has been implemented in 15K lines of code. We evaluate it on 10 real-world scenarios from two different ICS settings. Our experiments show that VetPLC outperforms state-of-the-art techniques and can generate event sequences that can be used to automatically detect hidden safety violations.
Household perspectives on minority language maintenance and loss: language in the small spaces

The once linguistically diverse nation we call home, the promised land, our United States of America, is referred to, by many, as the cemetery of languages (Durad, 2015). English supremacy is killi...
Mechanism by which Tungsten Oxide Promotes the Activity of Supported V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 Catalysts for NO X Abatement: Structural Effects Revealed by 51 V MAS NMR Spectroscopy.

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 to N2 with supported V2 O5 (-WO3 )/TiO2 catalysts is an industrial technology used to mitigate toxic emissions. Long-standing uncertainties in the molecular structures of surface vanadia are clarified, whereby progressive addition of vanadia to TiO2 forms oligomeric vanadia structures and reveals a proportional relationship of SCR reaction rate to [surface VOx concentration]2 , implying a 2-site mechanism. Unreactive surface tungsta (WO3 ) also promote the formation of oligomeric vanadia (V2 O5 ) sites, showing that promoter incorporation enhances the SCR reaction by a structural effect generating adjacent surface sites and not from electronic effects as previously proposed. The findings outline a method to assess structural effects of promoter incorporation on catalysts and reveal both the dual-site requirement for the SCR reaction and the important structural promotional effect that tungsten oxide offers for the SCR reaction by V2 O5 /TiO2 catalysts.
Examining Oncotype DX testing among a diverse patient population in North Carolina.

154Background: The Oncotype DX (ODX) is a 21-gene assay that quantifies the risk of breast cancer recurrence and predicts chemotherapy benefit among early stage, hormone-receptor positive patients....
IW-3718 Reduces Heartburn Severity in Patients With Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in a Randomized Trial.

Background & Aims Refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) reduces quality of life and creates significant financial burden on the health care system. Approximately 30% of patients with GERD who receive label-dose proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) still have symptoms. We performed a trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of IW-3718, a bile acid sequestrant, as an adjunct to PPI therapy. Methods We performed a multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, from March 2016 through April 2017, of 280 patients with confirmed GERD. The patients, stratified by esophagitis status, were randomly assigned (1:1:1:1) to groups given placebo or IW-3718 (500, 1000, or 1500 mg) twice daily, with ongoing label-dose PPI. The primary endpoint was percent change from baseline to week 8 in weekly heartburn severity score. We also analyzed percent change from baseline to week 8 in weekly regurgitation frequency score. Results Mean changes from baseline to week 8 in weekly heartburn severity scores were reductions of 46.0% in the placebo group, 49.0% in the 500 mg group, 55.1% in the 1000 mg group, and 58.0% in the 1500 mg IW-3718 group (dose-response P = .02). The treatment difference was 11.9% between the 1500 mg IW-3718 and placebo groups (P = .04, analysis of covariance). The mean change in weekly regurgitation frequency score from baseline to week 8 in the 1500 mg IW-3718 vs placebo groups was a reduction of 17.5% (95% confidence interval, reductions of 31.4% to 3.6%). The most common adverse event was constipation (in 8.1% of patients receiving IW-3718 and 7.1% of patients receiving placebo). There were no drug-related serious adverse events. Conclusions In a randomized trial of patients with refractory GERD, adding 1500 mg IW-3718 to label-dose PPIs significantly reduced heartburn symptoms compared with adding placebo. Regurgitation symptoms also decreased. IW-3718 was well tolerated. ( ClinicalTrials.gov , Number: NCT02637557 )
Alphaherpesvirus Latency and Reactivation with a Focus on Herpes Simplex Virus.

We are at an interesting time in the understanding of alpha herpesvirus latency and reactivation and their implications to human disease. Conceptual advances have come from both animal and neuronal culture models. This review focuses on the concept that the tegument protein and viral transactivator VP16 plays a major role in the transition from latency to the lytic cycle. During acute infection, regulation of VP16 transactivation balances spread in the nervous system, establishment of latent infections and virulence. Reactivation is dependent on this transactivator to drive entry into the lytic cycle. In vivo de novo expression of VP16 protein is mediated by sequences conferring pre-immediate early transcription embedded in the normally leaky late promoter. In vitro, alternate mechanisms regulating VP16 expression in the context of latency have come from the SCG neuron culture model and include the concepts that (i) generalized transcriptional derepression of the viral genome and sequestration of VP16 in the cytoplasm for ~48 hours (Phase I) precedes and is required for VP16-dependent reactivation (Phase II); and (ii) a histone methyl/phospho switch during Phase I is required for Phase II reactivation. The challenge to the field is reconciling these data into a unified model of virus reactivation. The greatest enemy of knowledge is not ignorance, it is the illusion of knowledge.---Daniel J. Boorstin. The task of compiling this review was uncomfortably humbling, as if cataloging the stars in the universe. While not completely dark, our night sky is missing a multitude of studies which are among the many points of light contributing to our field. This article is a focused review in which we discuss from the vantage point of our expertise, just a handful of concepts that have or are emerging. A lookback at some of the pioneering work that grounds our field is also included.
When do we think that X caused Y

When judging what caused an event, people do not treat all factors equally - for instance, they will say that a forest fire was caused by a lit match, and not mention the oxygen in the air which helped fuel the fire. We develop a computational model formalizing the idea that causal judgment is designed to identify "portable" causes - causes that are likely to generalize across a variety of background circumstances. Under minimal assumptions, the model is surprisingly simple: a factor is regarded as a cause of an outcome to the extent that it is, across counterfactual worlds, correlated with that outcome. The model explains why causal judgment is influenced by the normality of candidate causes, and outperforms other known computational models when tested against an existing fine-grained dataset of human graded causal judgments (Morris, A., Phillips, J., Gerstenberg, T., & Cushman, F. (2019). Quantitative causal selection patterns in token causation. PloS one, 14(8).).
Narrow Linewidth Photoluminescence from Top-Down Fabricated 20 nm InGaN/GaN Quantum Dots at Room Temperature

Promising narrow linewidth photoluminescence with a FWHM of 7.1 nm at wavelength 418 nm was achieved at room temperature from InGaN/GaN quantum dots in a 20-nm-diameter top-down fabricated nanowire.
Rapid quantification of vincristine in mouse plasma using ESI-LC-MS/MS: Application to pharmacokinetic studies.

Abstract A simple, rapid, and sensitive LC-MS/MS method for determining concentrations of the anticancer alkaloid vincristine in micro volumes of mouse plasma was developed and validated in positive ion mode. Separation of vincristine and the internal standard [2H3]-vincristine was achieved on an Accucore aQ column with a gradient mobile phase delivered at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min and a run time of 2.2 min. Calibration curves were linear (r2 > 0.99, n = 8) up to 250 ng/mL, with a lower limit of quantitation of 2.5 ng/mL. The matrix effect and extraction recovery for vincristine were ranging 108–110% and 88.4–107%, respectively. The intra-day and inter-day precision of quality controls tested at 3 different concentrations were always less than 15%, and accuracy ranged from 91.7 to 107%. The method was successfully applied to evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile of vincristine in wild-type and CYP3A-deficient mice in support of a project to provide mechanistic insight into drug-drug interactions and to identify sources of inter-individual pharmacokinetic variability associated with vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy.
LGBTQ+ in ECE: Culture and (Non)Visibility

Contribution: This article confirms the continued marginalization of undergraduate LGBTQ+ electrical and computer engineering (ECE) students and describes how they navigate their (non)visibility in engineering. Best practices to increase diversity and inclusion are discussed. Background: LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students experience a chilly, sometimes hostile climate in engineering. As a result, they experience lower sense of belonging, worse academic outcomes, and greater mental and emotional stress in their daily lives. Research Questions: How are LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students’ perceptions of ECE culture, sense of belonging, perceptions of discrimination, and (non)visibility affected by their identities? How do they navigate their (non)visibility in engineering contexts? How do LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students perceive and navigate engineering culture and their (non)visibility in engineering spaces, potentially integrating LGBTQ+, race, ethnicity, gender, and other identities into their perceptions? Methodology: A mixed-methods study with a survey and focus groups was conducted at a large southern public university in the United States. Survey participants included 854 undergraduate ECE students, of which 9% were strongly LGBTQ+. Focus group participants included 9 self-selected LGBTQ+ ECE students from the survey sample. Findings: LGBTQ+ ECE undergraduate students face noninclusive environments, marginalizing experiences, and cis-heteronormativity in engineering as a result of their multiple marginalized identities that intersect with their LGBTQ+ identity.
Kittens in the Clinical Space: Expanding Subjectivity through Dense Temporalities of Interspecies Transcorporeal Becoming

The use of service animals is exploding and humanity’s troubled relationship with the “nonhuman” is at the center of many viral contagions and climate change. Using a clinical case, this paper inte...
An Experimental Comparison of Three Interpretations of Missing Attribute Values Using Probabilistic Approximations

This paper presents results of experiments on 24 data sets with three different interpretations of missing attribute values: lost values, attribute-concept values, and "do not care" conditions. Lost values were erased or forgotten to be inserted. Attribute-concept values are any values from the attribute domain restricted to the respective concept. "Do not care" conditions are any values from the attribute domain without any restriction. For our experiments we used concept probabilistic approximations, a generalization of standard approximations. Our main objective was to determine the best interpretation of missing attribute values, in terms of the error rate. Results of experiments indicate that the lost value interpretation of missing attribute values is the best. Our secondary objective was to test how useful proper concept probabilistic approximations i.e., different from standard concept lower and upper approximations are for mining data with missing attribute values. Proper concept probabilistic approximations were better than standard concept approximations for 12 data sets and worse for five data sets out of 24.
Theory and Practice: The Senses in the Middle Ages

(2009). Theory and Practice: The Senses in the Middle Ages. The Senses and Society: Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 367-373.
Portable Energy Absorbing System for Highway Service Vehicles

A portable energy absorbing system to be attached to the rear of a highway service vehicle has been designed, fabricated, and crash tested. The research goal was to develop a system to provide protection for both the motoring public and the service personnel engaged in maintenance operations on our highways. Its implementation during highway line striping operations, which are conducted on almost a daily basis, would be of particular value. The energy absorbing components of the system are four thick-walled steel pipes connected in series and cantilevered from the rear of the service vehicle. Full-scale crash tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system with respect to: (1)Structural adequacy; (2)impact severity; and (3)vehicle trajectory. The results of this testing program demonstrate that this energy absorbing system provides protection during a collision for both the errant motorist and the State Personnel working in the service vehicle. Language: en
A proposed solution to the archiving and curation of confidential scientific inputs

We develop the core of a method for solving the data archive and curation problem that confronts the custodians of restricted-access research data and the scientific users of such data. Our solution recognizes the dual protections afforded by physical security and access limitation protocols. It is based on extensible tools and can be easily incorporated into existing instructional materials.
Meso-α,β-diphenylsuccinate and Hydroxyurea as Inhibitors of Deoxycytidylate Synthesis in Extracts of Ehrlich Ascites and L Cells

Abstract The formation of deoxycytidylate in soluble extracts of Ehrlich ascites cells grown in white Swiss mice and of L cells grown in monolayer cultures was shown to occur by ribonucleotide reduction without cleavage of the glycosidic bond. Meso-α,β-diphenylsuccinate, which had previously been described as a specific inhibitor for the activation of deoxyribose 5-phosphate aldolase, was found to block the nucleotide reductase reaction in these extracts. The inhibitory effectiveness was indistinguishable from that observed with hydroxyurea, and both agents affected the reduction reaction but not the kinases responsible for converting cytidine monophosphate to cytidine diphosphate and triphosphate.
Buccal cellulitis in infants: A review and case report

Abstract Hemophilus influenzae type B has been shown to have a marked proclivity for the cheek when it lodges in soft tissue. Since infants in the susceptible age group are often concurrently beset by teething problems, differential diagnosis may be the responsibility of the dentist. Hemophilus influenzae buccal cellulitis is a potentially serious infection which requires prompt diagnosis, proper antibiotic therapy and careful supportive care.
Rings and Things and a Fine Array of Twentieth Century Associative Algebra

Part I. An array of twentieth century associative algebra: Direct product and sums of rings and modules and the structure of fields Introduction to ring theory: Schur's lemma and semisimple rings, prime and primitive rings, nil, prime and Jacobson radicals Direct sum decompositions of projective and injective modules Direct product decompositions of von Neumann regular rings and self-injective rings Direct sums of cyclic modules When injectives are flat: Coherent FP-injective rings Direct decompositions and dual generalizations of Noetherian rings Completely decomposable modules and the Krull-Schmidt-Azumaya theorem Polynomial rings over Vamosian and Kerr rings, valuation rings and Prufer rings Isomorphic polynomial rings and matrix rings Group rings and Maschke's theorem revisited Maximal quotient rings Morita duality and dual rings Krull and global dimensions Polynomial identities and PI-rings Unions of primes, prime avoidance, associated prime ideals, ACC on irreducible ideals and annihilator ideals in commutative rings Dedekind's theorem on the independence of automorphisms revisited Part II. Snapshots of some mathematical friends and places: Snapshots of some mathematical friends and places Index to part II (snapshots) Bibliography Register of names Index of terms and authors of theorems.
The inverse band-structure problem of finding an atomic configuration with given electronic properties

Modern crystal-growth techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy or metal–organic chemical-vapour deposition, are capable of producing prescribed crystal structures, sometimes even in defiance of equilibrium, bulk thermodynamics. These techniques open up the possibility of exploring different atomic arrangements in search of a configuration that possesses given electronic and optical properties1. Unfortunately, the number of possible combinations is so vast, and the electronic properties are so sensitive to the details of the crystal structure, that simple trial-and-error methods (such as those used in combinatorial synthesis2) are unlikely to be successful. Here we describe a theoretical method that addresses the problem of finding the atomic configuration of a complex, multi-component system having a target electronic-structure property. As an example, we predict that the configuration of an Al0.25Ga0.75As alloy having the largest optical bandgap is a (GaAs)2(AlAs)1(GaAs)4(AlAs)1 superlattice oriented in the [201] direction.
Lumbriculus variegatus, a benthic oligochaete, as a bioassay organism

The potential of the freshwater oligochaete Lumbriculus variegatus as a bioassay organism was investigated using various heavy metals and organic compounds as toxicants. Except in the cases of the pesticides tested, the sensitivity of this organism to chemical toxicants compared well with that reported for various fish and other invertebrate species. In addition, L. variegatus exhibited highly visible sublethal responses, such as color changes and fragmentation, to many ofthe chemicals tested. Lumbriculus variegatus can be cultured under laboratory conditions with little effort.
Temporal Computational Objects: A Process for Dynamic Surface Generation

Physics-based modeling techniques have been shown to be advanced methods for creating high quality surfaces for application in CAGD. In this paper we propose a physics-based Temporal Computational Object (TCO) as a modeling process that simulates a liquid membrane to generate organic free-form models. This process compliments existing solid and elastic physics based modeling processes by simulating a common liquid phase of matter. The simulation consists of a mesh that undergoes motion in response to surface tension and other energies, resulting in a smooth, minimum energy surface. The surface is produced via a dynamic process that is directed and influenced by user-defined scalar and vector fields, boundary conditions and a variety of internal parameters and topologies. These surfaces include multiple free intersecting surfaces, volume-preserving surfaces and periodic surfaces. We provide a wide range of examples that show high quality physics-based surfaces.
Kinetics of the enterohepatic circulation during fasting: biliary lipid secretion and gallbladder storage.

Abstract In both experimental animals and humans, cholesterol saturation of bile increases by varying degrees during interruption of the enterohepatic circulation. Thus, dynamic aspects of the enterohepatic circulation during fasting—including gallbladder filling and emptying, and fasting outputs of biliary lipids—should be important considerations for the pathogenesis of gallstones. Therefore, for the present report, we developed and validated techniques of estimating storage capacity of the gallbladder and hepatic outputs of biliary lipids during fasting. These new methods require the use of bilirubin and [ 14 C]cholic acid as "endogenous" and "exogenous" bile markers, respectively; with them, amounts of bile acids in the nocturnal gallbladder may be determined and related to total bile acid pool size. In studies on 6 cholecystectomized subjects, we showed that hourly outputs of bilirubin were constant throughout the day, so that in addition to monitoring gallbladder function, this marker may be used to calculate nocturnal outputs of biliary lipids. In 7 subjects with gallstones and radiologically functioning gallbladders, measurements of nocturnal storage of bile acids in the gallbladder preoperatively (bilirubin marker method) and intraoperatively ([ 14 C]cholic acid method) gave comparable results. These studies were extended to include 14 control subjects without gallstones, 12 subjects with cholesterol gallstones, and 6 subjects with pigment stones. Mean pool size of bile acids in subjects with cholesterol stones was smaller (1818 ± SEM 278 mg) than that in controls (2624 ± 524 mg) or in those with pigment stones (2422 ± 481 mg); however, these differences were not statistically significant. Percentage of the total bile acid pool stored overnight in the gallbladder also was not different in the three groups, being 58 ± 7% for controls, 47 ± 6% for cholesterol, and 54 ± 8% for pigment stone subjects. Volumes of gallbladder contents (bile plus gallstones) were similar in the 2 groups with stones. While subjects with cholesterol cholelithiasis had the highest cholesterol saturation of bile, no inverse correlation could be found between either total bile acid pool or nocturnal gallbladder bile acid mass, and saturation indices of bile for the groups as a whole. During fasting, hepatic bile became increasingly saturated because of a relatively well-maintained secretion of cholesterol. The mean fasting output was 67 ± 3% of the mean 24-hr secretion compared to 51 ± 3% and 54 ± 4%, respectively, for bile acids and phospholipids. The nocturnal increase in biliary cholesterol:phospholipid molar ratio was variable from subject to subject, and the degree of this variability was crucial in determining the subsequent change in bile saturation.
From a 2-room schoolhouse to telemedicine

It's been a long trip from the small logging town where Dr. Max House attended classes in a 2-room school to the lieutenant-governor's mansion in St. John's, but the Newfoundland physician and telemedicine pioneer has revelled in it. “It was a difficult experience,” House says of his childhood
Variability in rockfish (Sebastes spp.) fecundity: species contrasts, maternal size effects, and spatial differences

Over 60 species of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) reside off the coast of California, many of which are economically important to both recreational and commercial fisheries. Rockfish are live-bearers with a diverse array of reproductive strategies. Understanding the reproductive potential of an exploited stock is critical to assessing the health and status of a fishery. We investigated the reproductive ecology of four rockfish species to examine species contrasts and to determine spatial and maternal-size effects on reproductive potential. Females were sampled during the winter parturition season (November through March) of 2009 through 2012. Maternal length and somatic weight were positively correlated with relative fecundity (larvae per g somatic weight) in all four species, indicating a disproportionately greater reproductive output by larger, older females. Fecundity estimates in Chilipepper, S. goodei, and Yellowtail rockfish, S. flavidus, varied regionally, but did not significantly differ over time within the years sampled (sample sizes for Speckled, S. ovalis, and Blackgill rockfish, S. melanostomus, were too small to allow spatiotemporal comparisons). Two reproductive strategies were evident as Yellowtail and Blackgill rockfish produced a relatively highly fecund, single brood of smaller-sized larvae annually, in contrast to Chilipepper and Speckled rockfish, which produced larger-sized larvae with lower fecundity. In some regions multiple broods were common, complicating estimates of annual fecundity for these two species. There was some evidence that egg production was positively correlated with female condition, indicating that environmental variability in oceanographic conditions and productivity may drive changes in fecundity and reproductive strategy (i.e., single versus multiple broods).
Column table approach for the minimization of fuzzy functions

Abstract An algorithm is described which finds all essential prime implicants of a fuzzy function in disjunctive form. This algorithm has two main advantages: 1. (1) It does not require expansion of the function before minimization is performed. 2. (2) Many nonessential prime implicants are not generated. It is shown, by comparison with fuzzy consensus, that this algorithm yields a function representation containing only fuzzy prime implicants of the original function. In addition, the only prime implicants not generated are those which are not essential.
Modification of avoidance behavior in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats by stimulation of central noradrenergic and dopaminergic receptors.

Abstract Rats showing reliable decrements in conditioned avoidance behavior after the intraventricular administration of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-HD) with pargyline pretreatment were given various dopaminergic and noradrenergic agonists. Intraventricular injections of DA or L-NE or intraperitoneal injections of apomorphine or L-DOPA reversed the avoidance decrements, often restoring performance to pre-6-HD-treatment levels. Furthermore, these agonists all produced behavior characteristic of activity in dopaminergic neurons. Clonidine, a noradrenergic agonist, also reversed avoidance decrements, but did not produce behavior characteristic of stimulation of dopaminergic neurons in the brain. Pretreatment with spiroperidol, a dopaminergic receptor blocker, prevented the recovery induced by all agonists, although clonidine-induced recovery was affected least. The results are discussed in terms of possible separate roles for dopaminergic and noradrenergic neurons in the brain in avoidance behavior.
Auditory system multi-unit activity and behavior in the rat

Multiple-unit activity (MUA) in the auditory system was measured during the behavior of water-deprived rats. MUA varied significantly and increased monotonically across “resting,” “sniffing,” “exploring,” “drinking,” and “grooming.” The results indicate that MUA level associated with ambient behavior must be taken into account in studies seeking MUA correlates of learning or of other behavioral processes.