cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Does evolutionary cognitive psychology crowd out the better angels of our nature

Although Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) target article provides an exciting framework for political communication studies of framing effects, I raise questions concerning the presumed importance of folk-economic beliefs, the relative utility of identifying such proximate (as opposed to more generalized) drivers of public opinion, and the extent to which their model can explain variability among individuals. I conclude with thoughts on the normative implications of the evolutionary cognitive model for democratic governance.
A Map of Toll-like Receptor Expression in the Intestinal Epithelium Reveals Distinct Spatial, Cell Type-Specific, and Temporal Patterns.

Summary Signaling by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) is critical for intestinal homeostasis. To visualize epithelial expression of individual TLRs in vivo, we generated five strains of reporter mice. These mice revealed that TLR expression varied dramatically along the length of the intestine. Indeed, small intestine (SI) IECs expressed low levels of multiple TLRs that were highly expressed by colonic IECs. TLR5 expression was restricted to Paneth cells in the SI epithelium. Intestinal organoid experiments revealed that TLR signaling in Paneth cells or colonic IECs induced a core set of host defense genes, but this set did not include antimicrobial peptides, which instead were induced indirectly by inflammatory cytokines. This comprehensive blueprint of TLR expression and function in IECs reveals unexpected diversity in the responsiveness of IECs to microbial stimuli, and together with the associated reporter strains, provides a resource for further study of innate immunity.
Climate driven coevolution of weathering profiles and hillslope topography generates dramatic differences in critical zone architecture

Considerable debate revolves around the relative importance of rock type, tectonics, and climate in creating the architecture of the critical zone. We demonstrate the importance of climate and in particular the rate of water recharge to the subsurface, using numerical models that incorporate hydrologic flowpaths, chemical weathering, and geomorphic rules for soil production and transport. We track alterations in both solid phase (plagioclase to clay) and water chemistry along hydrologic flowpaths that include lateral flow beneath the water table. To isolate the role of recharge, we simulate dry and wet cases and prescribe identical landscape evolution rules. The weathering patterns that develop differ dramatically beneath the resulting parabolic interfluves. In the dry case, incomplete weathering is shallow and surface parallel, whereas in the wet case, intense weathering occurs to depths approximating the base of the bounding channels, well below the water table. Exploration of intermediate cases reveals that the weathering state of the subsurface is strongly governed by the ratio of the rate of advance of the weathering front itself controlled by the water input rate, and the rate of erosion of the landscape. The system transitions between these end‐member behaviours rather abruptly at a weathering front speed ‐ erosion rate ratio of approximately 1. Although there are undoubtedly direct roles for tectonics and rock type in critical zone architecture, and yet more likely feedbacks between these and climate, we show here that differences in hillslope‐scale weathering patterns can be strongly controlled by climate.
Ultrafiltration membranes from polymerization of self-assembled Pluronic block copolymer mesophases

Abstract Industrially, ultrafiltration (UF) membranes are produced through non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), but due to environmental hazards inherent to the NIPS process as well as the low surface porosity and fouling resistance of membranes produced via this method, an alternative route to UF membranes is desirable. This work presents the self-assembly of Pluronic block copolymers in the presence of water and a monomeric phase as a new technique for the preparation of UF membranes without the need for organic solvent or post-modification. Different compositions of block copolymer, water, and monomer were polymerized to obtain both hexagonal and lamellar mesostructures, as indicated by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and cross-polarized light microscopy. As-synthesized membranes were found to have pore sizes in the range of 3–4 nm with a molecular weight cutoff of 1500 g/mol and displayed both excellent fouling resistance and high permeance of water, vastly outperforming a conventional NIPS UF membrane. Further, in contrast to NIPS, the proposed method provides flexibility in terms of both the final membrane chemistry and pore size. As such, it is a versatile approach that can be easily tailored to produce membranes for a wide range of applications including wastewater treatment and food processing.
High Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients With Sentinel Admission for Injection Drug Use-Related Infective Endocarditis.

Background Hospitalizations for individuals with injection drug use-related infective endocarditis (IDU-IE) represent an increasing portion of all patients with endocarditis. This study describes the evolving trends in demographics, clinical characteristics, rates of surgical intervention, and mortality among patients hospitalized with IE, comparing those with and without injection drug use. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted between January 1, 2007 to June 30, 2015 at a tertiary care center in Boston, Massachusetts. Endocarditis was defined by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision code and verified by the modified Duke Criteria for IE. The clinical characteristics, microbiology, site of infection, complications of IE, and outcome were all abstracted by chart review. Rates of surgical consultation and surgical intervention within 90 days of admission were obtained, and assessment of surgical risk calculated was by EuroSCORE II (euroscore.org/calc). Subsequent hospitalizations for all causes were also reviewed. Results Injection drug use-related infective endocarditis occurred in younger patients with lower rates of diabetes, renal dysfunction, and prior cardiothoracic (CT) surgery than those without IDU. Injection drug use-related infective endocarditis was associated with higher rates of complications, CT surgery consultation, and surgery within 90 days for absolute surgical indication. Readmissions for endocarditis occurred in 20% of IDU-IE patients and 9% of those with non-IDU IE. All-cause 1-year mortality rates were similar (IDU-IE 16%, non-IDU IE 13%; P = .58). Conclusions Despite younger age, fewer medical comorbidities, and fewer prior cardiac surgeries, all-cause 1-year mortality was similar for patients after sentinel admission for IDU-IE compared with non-IDU IE. Interventions in the acute hospital setting and after discharge are needed to support patients with IDU-IE, focusing on harm reduction and treatment of addiction to reduce the unexpectedly high mortality of this young population.
A study on air flow and odor emission rate from a simplified manure storage tank

This study presents a numerical and experimental evaluation of air flow and odor emission rate from an open manure storage tank. The concentration at the manure surface, the tank dimensions, and wind speed were used to calculate air flow and the emission rate. The three-dimensional air flow in the open tank was divided into four segments and each segment was treated as two-dimensional. The SIMPLER algorithm developed by Patankar and a two layer turbulence model were used in the numerical simulation with a grid of 152x139. The predicted emission rate agreed with the field measurement results found in the literature. Experimental verification of the air flow showed that the flow pattern and velocity profile prediction were also in agreement with the experimental results. The calculated odor emission rate was a function of the manure surface area, the odor concentration at the manure surface, tank dimensions, and the wind speed. Reynolds number sensitivity was tested by running the simulations for a vwde range of Reynolds numbers.
Coupled nonlinear elasticity, plastic slip, twinning, and phase transformation in single crystal titanium for plate impact loading

Abstract High purity single crystal titanium (Ti) under shockwave loading in plate impact experiment is modeled and simulated, with help of the finite element. A thermodynamically consistent system of equations is formulated in the frame of large deformation to consider material anisotropy, rate dependence, and multi-physics including nonlinear elasticity, dislocation based plastic slip, deformation twinning, and phase transformation. A novel kinematics is proposed to consider phase transformation in the α twin variants and also to consider the dislocation based slip in all of components of parent material, primary twins and the ω phase. The thermodynamically consistent driving forces for plastic slip, twinning, and phase transformation are developed based upon the second law of thermodynamics. For nonlinear elasticity, the stiffness matrix is dependent on the volume fractions of all components, and the volumetric part of Cauchy stress is obtained from the nonlinear equation of state. Dislocation based plastic slip in multi-variant and multiphase heterogeneous materials is developed and interactions of dislocations among all slip modes are taken into account. A mechanism for dislocation density evolution during twinning and phase transformation is proposed. The shock loading along the [0001] and [ 10 1 ¯ 1 ] directions of single crystal high purity Ti is investigated computationally. Very good correspondence between simulation and experiment is obtained, which includes pole figures, volume fractions of components, free surface velocity, peak pressure, and phase transformation pressure. Multiple experimental phenomena are interpreted based upon the progression of dislocation slip, deformation twinning, and phase transformation. In compression with the [ 10 1 ¯ 1 ] crystal, a higher volume fraction in the primary twins but a lower secondary twin volume fraction in the [0001] crystal in experiment was observed. The higher propensity for phase transformation occurs in the [0001] crystal is reproduced. In addition to material texture, distributions of temperature, stresses, and plastic strains dependent on the impact loading directions are revealed.
Fertility Preservation in a Premenarchal Girl

A 13-year-old girl with severe eczema and dermatitis since infancy; recurrent skin, ear, and throat infections; and plantar warts was diagnosed with DOCK8 deficiency. DOCK8 deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive form of Hyper-IgE syndrome (incidence <1:1,000,000) associated with early mortality due to sepsis and infectious complications (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, An online catalog of human genes and genetic disorders. Available from URL: ► http://omim.org/entry/243700). While treatment has focused on prevention of infections, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) using myeloablative conditioning protocols has been described as a curative approach for this deadly disease (Uygun et al., Pediatr Transplant 21:e13015, 2017). Following counseling, the family desired to participate in a DOCK8 deficiency clinical trial at the National Institutes of Health using a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen with fludarabine and busulfan prior to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (► ClinicalTrials.gov, Available from URL: ► https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01176006?cond=DOCK8+Deficiency&rank=1). As part of her BMT counseling, the patient and her family were referred by the pediatric oncology team to reproductive endocrinology to discuss fertility risk and fertility preservation options. The oncology team provided estimated cumulative doses for the conditioning regimen.
Learning to SPEAK Out: A Professional Voice for Advocacy: Column Editor: K. Andrew R. Richards

This article explores one physical educator's opportunity for developing a professional voice through engagement in SHAPE America's SPEAK Out! Day.
State‐of‐the‐art CRISPR/Cas9 Technology for Genome Editing in Trypanosomatids

CRISPR/Cas9 technology has revolutionized biology. This prokaryotic defense system against foreign DNA has been repurposed for genome editing in a broad range of cell tissues and organisms. Trypanosomatids are flagellated protozoa belonging to the order Kinetoplastida. Some of its most representative members cause important human diseases affecting millions of people worldwide, such as Chagas disease, sleeping sickness and different forms of leishmaniases. Trypanosomatid infections represent an enormous burden for public health and there are no effective treatments for most of the diseases they cause. Since the emergence of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, the genetic manipulation of these parasites has notably improved. As a consequence, genome editing is now playing a key role in the functional study of proteins, in the characterization of metabolic pathways, in the validation of alternative targets for antiparasitic interventions, and in the study of parasite biology and pathogenesis. In this work we review the different strategies that have been used to adapt the CRISPR/Cas9 system to Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, and Leishmania spp., as well as the research progress achieved using these approaches. Thereby, we will present the state-of-the-art molecular tools available for genome editing in trypanosomatids to finally point out the future perspectives in the field.
Events in Kleinstädten

Wahrend die Festivalisierung und Inszenierung von Innenstadten in Ballungsraumen relativ gut erforscht und beschrieben ist, liegen vergleichsweise wenige Erkenntnisse uber die Rolle innerstadtischer Events im landlichen Raum vor. Auch die Frage, wie dort der lokale Einzelhandel von solchen Veranstaltungen profitiert und wie sie fur ihn einen wirklichen Mehrwert bringen, wurde erst vereinzelt untersucht. Da viele Kleinstadte im landlichen Raum aber mit vergleichbaren Herausforderungen konfrontiert sind (z. B. sinkende Frequentierung, veranderte Erwartungshaltungen der Passanten und Bewohner, Online-Handel, Leerstande etc.), identifiziert dieser Artikel praktikable und effiziente Event-Strategien fur Zentren im landlichen Raum, um diesen Herausforderungen zukunftig gezielt begegnen zu konnen.
Evolution of the structural transition in Mo 1 − x W x Te 2

The composition dependence of the structural transition between the monoclinic $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and orthorhombic ${T}_{d}$ phases in the ${\mathrm{Mo}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{W}}_{x}{\mathrm{Te}}_{2}$ Weyl semimetal was investigated by elastic neutron scattering on single crystals up to $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.54$. First observed in ${\mathrm{MoTe}}_{2}$, the transition from ${T}_{d}$ to $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is accompanied by an intermediate pseudo-orthorhombic phase, ${T}_{d}^{*}$. Upon doping with W, the ${T}_{d}^{*}$ phase vanishes by $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.34$. Above this concentration, a phase coexistence behavior with both ${T}_{d}$ and $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ is observed instead. The interlayer in-plane positioning parameter $\ensuremath{\delta}$, which relates to the $1{T}^{\ensuremath{'}}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\beta}$ angle, decreases with temperature as well as with W substitution, likely due to strong anharmonicity in the interlayer interactions. The temperature width of the phase coexistence remains almost constant up to $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.54$, in contrast to the broadening reported under pressure.
Large moments in external fields of cubic group symmetry

We predict that large moments $J$, placed into a crystal field with the cubic point symmetry group, differ by their spectrum and magnetic properties. E. g., properties of the odd-integer moments are different from those of the even-integer. The effect is due to Berry's phases gained by the moment, when it tunnels between minima of the external field. Two cases of the group $O$ are classified, namely, 6- and 8-fold coordinations. The spectrum and degeneration of energy levels depend on a remainder $\{J/n\}$, where the divisor $n=4$ and 3 for 6-fold and 8-fold coordination respectively. %High symmetry results in a finite magnetic moment for half-integer %and some integer moments, for example odd $J$ at 6-fold coordination. Large moments in the cubic environment can be realized by diluted alloys ${R}_{1-x}{R}_{x}'$Sb, where R=Lu, La, and R$'$=Tb, Dy, Ho, Er.
Understanding and Optimizing Physician Engagement.

The publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed due to a production error and is no reflection on the content of the article. The publisher regrets the inconvenience.
Persistence of Overflowing Invariant Manifolds— Fenichel’s Theorem

We are now at the point where we can state some general results on invariant manifolds of ordinary differential equations. As mentioned earlier, we will follow Fenichel’s development of the theory since he explicitly treats the case of invariant manifolds with boundary which are often encountered in applications.
The Frictional Properties of Thin Inorganic Halide Films on Iron Measured in Ultrahigh Vacuum

Friction coefficients are measured in ultrahigh vacuum using a tungsten carbide tribopin against thin films of sodium chloride and potassium iodide deposited onto clean iron. It is found, in accordance with previous measurements for potassium chloride on iron, that the friction coefficient falls from an initial value of ∼ 2 for the clean iron surface to a minimum value after a few tens of Angstroms of the halide have been deposited onto the surface, and remains constant for thicker films. The minimum friction coefficient is independent of applied load and therefore obeys Amontons' law. Simple theories for the effect of a low-shear-strength film suggest that the friction coefficient should depend on the shear strength of the film. This idea is tested by plotting the minimum friction coefficient versus the hardness of the film material, which is proportional to its shear strength, where a linear correlation was found. The lack of dependence of friction coefficient with film thickness for thicker films implies that ploughing forces do not contribute significantly to the friction coefficient.
A new class of intelligent neural network controllers

In this paper we present, following the Lainiotis multipartitioning control methodology, a new class of neural networks based controllers. Moreover we investigate the performance of the new class of controllers by extensive simulations for the case of linear and nonlinear problems. The results show that the new controllers have excellent performance, achieving significant computational savings due to their massively parallel structure. >
Orienting Neighborhood Youth to an Academic Library: Creating Campus-Community Connections

Summary Early in 1997, full Web access was added to Babson Library's public workstations. In a few short months, library computers became a mecca for neighborhood youth. The library's “open door” philosophy and Springfield College's strategic vision to strengthen campus/community ties brought the library to the forefront of actively developing services for community youth. An outreach program for community youth was designed to address the issue of computer access. The development of the program involved the entire library and provided an opportunity for collaborative interaction among the library, related campus programs, and community agencies. Its impact on the library brought to the forefront the debate between “academic service” and “community service.”
A thin cavity-backed Archimedean slot spiral for 800-3000 MHz band coverage

We show that cavity-backed slot spirals (rather than printed) are particularly attractive for conformal applications. Since slot radiation is enhanced by the presence of a shallow metal backed cavity, very thin (less than a 1/4 inch thick) antennas can be considered without compromising the spiral's broadband performance. A specific design proposed by Nurnberger and Volakis (see 19th. Meeting and Symposium of Antenna measurement Techniques Association, Boston, Massachusetts, 1997) is considered for analysis and improvement.
Density Changes in Amorphous Pd80Si20 During Low Temperature ion Irradiation

Density changes in amorphous Pd{sub 80}Si{sub 20} during ion irradiation below 100K were detected by in situ HVEM measurements of the changes in specimen length as a function of ion fluence. A decrease in mass density as a function of the ion fluence was observed. The saturation value of the change in mass density was determined to be approximately -1.2%.
How Does Development Assistance Affect Collective Action Capacity? Results from a Field Experiment in Post-Conflict Liberia

Social cooperation is critical to a wide variety of political and economic outcomes. For this reason, international donors have embraced interventions designed to strengthen the ability of communities to solve collective-action problems, especially in post-conflict settings. We exploit the random assignment of a development program in Liberia to assess the effects of such interventions. Using a matching funds experiment we find evidence that these interventions can alter cooperation capacity. However, we observe effects only in communities in which, by design, both men and women faced the collective action challenge. Focusing on mechanisms, we find evidence that program effects worked through improvements in mobilization capacity that may have enhanced communities’ ability to coordinate to solve mixed gender problems. These gains did not operate in areas where only women took part in the matching funds experiment, possibly because they could rely on traditional institutions unaffected by the external intervention. The combined evidence suggests that the impact of donor interventions designed to enhance cooperation can depend critically on the kinds of social dilemmas that communities face, and the flexibility they have in determining who should solve them.
Two-Stage Focused Inference for Resource-Constrained Collision-Free Navigation

United States. Army Research Office. Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (Grant W911NF-11-1-0391)
Influence of transition metals added during sporulation on heat resistance of Clostridium botulinum 113B spores

Sporulation of Clostridium botulinum 113B in a complex medium supplemented with certain transition metals (Fe, Mn, Cu, or Zn) at 0.01 to 1.0 mM gave spores that were increased two to sevenfold in their contents of the added metals. The contents of calcium, magnesium, and other metals in the purified spores were relatively unchanged. Inclusion of sodium citrate (3 g/liter) in the medium enhanced metal accumulation and gave consistency in the transition metal contents of independent spore crops. In citrate-supplemented media, C. botulinum formed spores with very high contents of Zn (approximately 1% of the dry weight). Spores containing an increased content of Fe (0.1 to 0.2%) were more susceptible to thermal killing than were native spores or spores containing increased Zn or Mn. The spores formed with added Fe or Cu also appeared less able to repair heat-induced injuries than the spores with added Mn or Zn. Fe-increased spores appeared to germinate and outgrow at a higher frequency than did native and Mn-increased spores. This study shows that C. botulinum spores can be sensitized to increased thermal destruction by incorporation of Fe in the spores.
Utility of texture analysis for quantifying hepatic fibrosis on proton density MRI.

Purpose To evaluate the potential utility of texture analysis of proton density maps for quantifying hepatic fibrosis in a murine model of hepatic fibrosis. Materials and Methods Following Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) approval, a dietary model of hepatic fibrosis was used and 15 ex vivo murine liver tissues were examined. All images were acquired using a 30 mm bore 11.7T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner with a multiecho spin-echo sequence. A texture analysis was employed extracting multiple texture features including histogram-based, gray-level co-occurrence matrix-based (GLCM), gray-level run-length-based features (GLRL), gray level gradient matrix (GLGM), and Laws' features. Texture features were correlated with histopathologic and digital image analysis of hepatic fibrosis. Results Histogram features demonstrated very weak to moderate correlations (r = –0.29 to 0.51) with hepatic fibrosis. GLCM features correlation and contrast demonstrated moderate-to-strong correlations (r = –0.71 and 0.59, respectively) with hepatic fibrosis. Moderate correlations were seen between hepatic fibrosis and the GLRL feature short run low gray-level emphasis (SRLGE) (r = –0. 51). GLGM features demonstrate very weak to weak correlations with hepatic fibrosis (r = –0.27 to 0.09). Moderate correlations were seen between hepatic fibrosis and Laws' features L6 and L7 (r = 0.58). Conclusion This study demonstrates the utility of texture analysis applied to proton density MRI in a murine liver fibrosis model and validates the potential utility of texture-based features for the noninvasive, quantitative assessment of hepatic fibrosis. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2015;42:1259–1265.
Glutamate--a precusor for the naphthalene nucleus of bacterial menaquinones.

Carbon atoms 2, 3 and 4(1) of the naphthalene nucleus of the menaquinones of E,coli and M,phlei are derived from glutamate-U-14C; C-4(1) is specifically derived from glutamate-2-14C. Menaquinone biosynthesis is postulated to involve condensation of shikimate with 2-ketoglutarate or a derivative thereof, both carboxyl groups of 2-ketoglutarate being removed during biosynthesis.
Synergetic Effects of Nanoporous Support and Urea on Enzyme Activity

We report synergetic effects of functionalized mesoporous silica (FMS) and urea to promote favorable protein conformational changes. The specific activity of glucose isomerase (GI) entrapped in FMS in the presence of urea was approximately double that of GI in solution in the absence of urea. Rather than losing all activity in a denaturing solution of 8.0 M urea, the specific activity of GI entrapped in FMS remained higher than the highest specific activity of GI free in solution.
FAILURE OF DECIDUOMAL RESPONSE TO UTERINE TRAUMA, AND EFFECTS OF LH UPON ESTROGEN SECRETION IN RATS WITH OVARIES LUTEINIZED BY EXOGENOUS GONADOTROPINS.

Traumatization of uteri of rats with ovaries luteinized by the PMS-HCG priming procedure of Parlow fails to elicit formation of deciduomata when performed 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 days after HCG treatment. Since progesterone synthesis and secretion by such ovaries has been demonstrated, it is concluded that the lack of deciduomal response is due to secretion of excessive amounts of an inhibitor of this response. Neither prolactin nor luteinizing hormone overcomes the failure of the deciduomal response. Evidence of increased estrogen secretion (uterine enlargement and edema, increased stratification and mucification of vaginal epithelium) follows treatment of PMS-HCG primed rats with luteinizing hormone. Equine LH produces such effects whether administered in an aqueous vehicle twice daily, once daily, or once at the beginning of a 5-day period. Ovine LH is effective if administered in an aqueous vehicle twice daily, but not if administered less frequently. Bovine LH is ineffective even when given twice daily in...
Memory deficit after closed-head injury

This paper reviews research concerning impairment of memory during the early and late stages of recovery from closed-head injury (CHI). Posttraumatic and retrograde amnesia are discussed, including direct measurement, rate of forgetting and evoked potential correlates. Studies of residual memory deficit in survivors of CHI are reviewed, including the effects of severity and chronicity of injury and features such as utilization of semantic features to guide recall. The evidence for relatively preserved motor and pattern analyzing skills after severe CHI is presented and the implications for rehabilitation are discussed.
A photoelectric sound-activated relay

By activating photocell control circuits by a low voltage lamp in parallel with speaker outputs on conventional recorders, it is possible to obtain reliable and inexpensive program capability.
Electronic properties of metal-organic interfaces with application to electroluminescent devices

Abstract The electronic structure of metal-organic molecular semiconductor interfaces is investigated via photoemission spectroscopy. We measured the energy offsets between the organic molecular levels and the metal Fermi level, which correspond to the charge injection barriers. Chemical reaction and interdiffusion dominate the behavior of metal-on-top contacts. Organic-on-top interfaces are found to be more abrupt. The present data demonstrate that the rule of vacuum level alignment breaks down and that the effect of electronic gap states cannot be neglected at these interfaces.
Asymmetry of ejecta flow during oblique impacts using three-dimensional particle image velocimetry

[1] Three-dimensional particle image velocimetry (3D PIV) applied to impact cratering experiments allows the direct measurement of ejecta particle positions and velocities within the ejecta curtain as the crater grows. Laboratory experiments were performed at the NASA Ames Vertical Gun Range with impact velocities near 1 km/s (6.35-mm diameter aluminum spheres) into a medium-grained (0.5 mm) particulate sand target in a vacuum at 90° and 30° from the horizontal. This study examines the first 50% of crater growth, during which the crater has grown to one half its final radius. From the 3D PIV data, the ballistic trajectories of the ejecta particles are extrapolated back to the target surface to determine ejection velocities, angles, and positions. For vertical impacts these ejection parameters remain constant in all directions (azimuths) around the crater center. The 30° impacts exhibit asymmetries with respect to azimuth that persist well into the excavation-stage flow. These asymmetries indicate that a single stationary point source is not adequate to describe the subsurface flow field during an oblique impact.
Generalization of the integration-within-ordered-product technique to n-mode operator ordering

Abstract Integration within an ordered product (IWOP) is a technique for calculating normally ordered forms of unitary operators which induce symplectic transformations. This technique is modified and generalized to general n-mode cases.
A semiclassical transport model for two-dimensional thin quantum barriers

We present a two-dimensional time-dependent semiclassical transport model for mixed-state scattering with thin quantum films. The stationary Schrodinger equation is solved in the quantum barrier to obtain the scattering coefficients used to supply the interface condition that connects two classical domains. The solution in the classical regions is solved using a particle method and interface condition combined with the Hamiltonian-preserving scheme. The overall cost is roughly the same as solving a classical barrier. We construct a numerical method based on this semiclassical approach and validate the model using two numerical examples.
Self - modulation of picosecond pulses in electro - optic crystals

Abstract The interaction of intense picosecond pulses with electro-optic crystals is investigated, with particular emphasis upon the resultant self-induced optical phase distortion. Observable spectral broadening of the optical field is predicted for propagation in GaAs.
Fetal rubella pathology

Histologic evidence of disease was found in 68 per cent of the fetuses obtained in good condition by therapeutic interruption following maternal rubella during the first trimester. The manifestations interpreted as disease consisted of cell damage and necrosis without inflammatory or fibrotic response. Sporadic foci of cellular damage were found in the chorionic epithelium, endothelial lining of the blood vessels and heart, myocardial cells, skeletal muscle cells, and, in particular, cells of the developing lens, inner ear, and teeth. The rubella-induced defects appear to be a consequence of cellular damage resulting in defective form and/or function of the developing tissue. The route of fetal entry of the virus is apparently via disease in the chorion with subsequent spread to other fetal tissues which may show evidence of disease months after the acquisition of the infection.
Figures of Iurodstvo in Tarkovsky’s The Passion According to Andrei

Variations on the holy fool recur throughout the films of Andrei Tarkovsky but the figure of the iurodivyi is perhaps never more pervasive or critical to the task at hand than in his second feature-length film, The Passion According to Andrei. This article examines holy foolishness as an essential aspect of the artistic personality in Tarkovsky’s depiction of Andrei Rublev, Boriska, and Theophanes the Greek. In addition, Tarkovsky’s idiosyncratic narrative style, with its close similarities to Deleuze’s description of the time-image, exhibits similarly oppositional and provocative patterns. As this examination finds, the holy fool may also function as a figure for the overarching narrative as it strives, through various means, to push the viewer from complacent modes of thought and stimulate a more direct, less spatialized perception of time or duration.
An Instance-Based Method for Remaining Useful Life Estimation for Aircraft Engines

Under customer service agreements (CSA), engine operational data are collected and stored for monitoring and analysis. Other data sources provide damage assessments that are either provided post-maintenance or analytically assessed. This paper takes advantage of these data and investigates local fuzzy models to determine the remaining useful life (RUL) of an engine or engine component. Local fuzzy models are related to both kernel regressions and locally weighted learning. The particular local models described in this paper are not based on individual models that consider the track history of a specific engine nor are they based on a global average model that would consider the collective track history of all the engines. Instead, for a given engine or component, this local fuzzy model defines a cluster of peers in which each of these peers is a similar instance to this given engine with comparable operational characteristics; the RUL prediction for this given engine is obtained by a fuzzy aggregation of its peers’ RUL. We combine the fuzzy instance-based approach with an evolutionary framework for model tuning and maintenance. This evolutionary tuning process is repeated periodically to automatically update and improve the fuzzy models such that they can be updated to date with the latest collection of data. This fuzzy instance-based approach is applied to predicting the RUL of a commercial engine validated with post-maintenance assessment.
Allotments, enclosure, and proletarianization in early nineteenth‐century southern England

Few issues have provoked as much controversy among economic historians as that of enclosure. One line of thought, often identified with the Hammonds and E. P. Thompson, sees the enclosure movement as 'a plain enough case of class robbery'.2 In this view, enclosure impoverished the masses of rural England, destroyed the communal values inherent in the institutions of common property, and created a rural proletariat of landless labourers completely dependent on capitalist farmers for their livelihood. Opposing this, the revisionist school beginning with Chambers3 argues that the move towards capitalist farming was a consequence of population growth, and that enclosure led to higher and more regular employment, and thus to rising living standards for the rural poor. This controversy remains largely unresolved. One recent insight, however, comes from the work of Humphries, who argues that the simplistic division between peasant and proletarian labour is largely unrealistic: 'rather than pushing families out of one category (propertied/peasant) into another (proletarian), parliamentary enclosure eroded non-wage sources of subsistence available to semi-proletarian families and left them increasingly dependent on wages'.' Enclosure should perhaps be seen as just one part of a lengthy and essentially continuous transition which starts from the pre-capitalist institutions of common property and relatively unspecialized labour, and ends with a purely capitalist agriculture in twentieth-century England. Although enclosure certainly abolished the commons, its effect in restricting non-wage activities was only partial. This article studies one of the few post-enclosure alternatives/supplements to wage labour available to agricultural labourers in nineteenth-century England, the system of 'allotments', that is 'pieces of land detached from cottages, and hired or owned by labouring men to supplement their main income'.' Contemporary observers often saw the rise of allotments as a
Adverse selection, seller reputation and buyer insurance in online auctions for 1960s-era collectible baseball cards

We investigate the differences between Beckett book values and eBay auction prices using an original data set of 876 auctions for 30 baseball cards from the 1960s era. We find that cards of lower quality generally sell (on eBay) above book price, whereas cards of higher quality generally sell below book price. We find that both the presence of buyer insurance and the number of bids increase eBay prices relative to book values and that the seller's reputation and the number of bids increase the probability that the eBay price will be greater than the corresponding book value.
Great Swan: Meetings with Ramakrishna

Initial Encounter Face to Face with the Divine Dancer Ancient Sage Meets Modern Pandit From the God-Man's Treasury of Secrets The Taste of Sugar One Hemp-Smoker Recognises Another The Sage Opens a Gap In the Net of Convention The Bliss of Ramakrishna's Birthday The New Dispensation Cry with An Infinite Cry Timeless Man Meets Contemporary Man Ramakrishna Relates His Intimate Experiences Radha and Krishna In Mystic Union Meeting Mother Sarada The Master Expounds Advaita Vedanta The Mystery of Narendra and the Vow of Spiritual Completion Two Great Souls The Paramahamsa Transmits The Ideal Op Feminine Love Avatara Meets Wandering Sadhu The Mood of the Divine Child Upward-Flowing Energy of Kundalini Secret Rhythm of the Wisdom Mother Special Worship of Kali Great Swan Meets Orthodox Pandit Ramakrishna Sings the Tantric Transmission The Master's Terminal Illness My Play is Over The Master Transforms Dr. Sarkar Ramakrishna and Lord Buddha The Mood of Formlessness Universal Victory Divine Communion.
Changes of nodule detection after radiologists read bone opacity suppressed chest radiography

A bone opacity suppressed technique using shape-index processing approach has been developed for frontal chest radiography. The image function preserves original lung image textures but equalizing the image contrast of the lungs as a part of post-processing. To determine the benefit of this computerized processing, particular on the investigation of the effect of the bone opacity removal, we conducted a reader study where radiologists read standard chest radiograph alone (unaided) followed by bone opacity suppressed image (aided). Posterioranterior (PA) standard chest radiographs in 368 subjects (122 had confirmed lung cancer) were used for this study. Fifteen Board Certified radiologists participated in the reader study. Each radiologist interpreted the standard image and then the bone suppressed image. Each reader recorded the location of the most suspicious nodule, if any, their level of suspicion and recommendation for clinical action. Detailed analyses were performed to evaluate the observers' performance by tabulating changes of nodule detection inclusive of false-negative turned to true-positive (FN->TP), true-positive turned to false-negative (TP->FN), false-positive turned to turn-negative (FP->TN), and turn-negative turned to false-positive (TN- >FP). Our results indicated that changing rates of FN->TP was 12.35%, TP->FN was 1.37%, FP->TN was 1.14%, and TN->FP was 4.82%, respectively. We also found that 81.85% of the FN->TP events occurred at nodules significantly covered by the rib (50% or more area overlapped with bone opacity). Two major situations caused TP->FN events: (1) other nodule like areas were also enhanced and (2) non-solid nodules were well preserved but less suspicious with the contract equalization.
Dual N- and C-terminal helices are required for endoplasmic reticulum and lipid droplet association of alcohol acetyltransferases in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae two alcohol acetyltransferases (AATases), Atf1 and Atf2, condense short chain alcohols with acetyl-CoA to produce volatile acetate esters. Such esters are, in large part, responsible for the distinctive flavors and aromas of fermented beverages including beer, wine, and sake. Atf1 and Atf2 localize to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Atf1 is known to localize to lipid droplets (LDs). The mechanism and function of these localizations are unknown. Here, we investigate potential mechanisms of Atf1 and Atf2 membrane association. Segments of the N- and C-terminal domains of Atf1 (residues 24–41 and 508–525, respectively) are predicted to be amphipathic helices. Truncations of these helices revealed that the terminal domains are essential for ER and LD association. Moreover, mutations of the basic or hydrophobic residues in the N-terminal helix and hydrophobic residues in the C-terminal helix disrupted ER association and subsequent sorting from the ER to LDs. Similar amphipathic helices are found at both ends of Atf2, enabling ER and LD association. As was the case with Atf1, mutations to the N- and C-terminal helices of Atf2 prevented membrane association. Sequence comparison of the AATases from Saccharomyces, non-Saccharomyces yeast (K. lactis and P. anomala) and fruits species (C. melo and S. lycopersicum) showed that only AATases from Saccharomyces evolved terminal amphipathic helices. Heterologous expression of these orthologs in S. cerevisiae revealed that the absence of terminal amphipathic helices eliminates LD association. Combined, the results of this study suggest a common mechanism of membrane association for AATases via dual N- and C-terminal amphipathic helices.
Comparative biologic responses to various methyl methacrylate bone substitutes

Abstract Four methyl methacrylate bone substitutes were investigated in bilateral multiple bone defects in the femurs of five rhesus monkeys and five mongrel dogs. The animals were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks postoperatively. On the basis of clinical, radiologic, and histologic examination, the Cranioplast evoked the least severe inflammatory response and was the best biologic bone substitute when compared to Adaptic, Sevitron, and Lucitone.
Persistent HPV infection in postmenopausal age women.

Objective: Persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with an increased risk of developing cervical SIL and cancer in young women. Because this association in older, postmenopausal age women has received little attention, we evaluated persistence of HPV among women in this age group. Methods: Women (n=105) ages 45–64 were examined annually for 7 years to evaluate HPV in cervical cytologic specimens. PCR, dot blot hybridization and DNA sequencing were used to detect HPV types. Results: The cumulative prevalence of HPV was 34%, and 24% had HPV high-risk oncogenic types which are associated with genital cancers. The most common oncogenic types were HPV-16 (72%) and HPV-31 (16%). The persistence rate of HPV infection was 16%. No specific risk factors were associated with repeat viral positivity. Conclusion: Postmenopausal women are infected with persistent oncogenic HPV at a substantial rate, supporting the need for continued screening in postmenopausal women to detect preneoplastic genital lesions.
Stacked double‐macrocyclic ligands III. Spectral properties of cofacial diporphyrins as a function of the inter‐chromophore separation

Three homologous cofacial diporphyrins that have interplanar distances ranging from 6.4A to 4.2A have been synthesized. Their absorption and emission spectra revealed strong exciton coupling in the diporphyrin. Magnesium complexes of diporphyrins were studied and their application as a model for P700 photoactive center was discussed.
Structural basis of pheromone binding to mouse major urinary protein (MUP-I).

The mouse major urinary proteins are pheromone-binding proteins that function as carriers of volatile effectors of mouse physiology and behavior. Crystal structures of recombinant mouse major urinary protein-I (MUP-I) complexed with the synthetic pheromones, 2-sec-butyl-4,5-dihydrothiazole and 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone, have been determined at high resolution. The purification of MUP-I from mouse liver and a high-resolution structure of the natural isolate are also reported. These results show the binding of 6-hydroxy-6-methyl-3-heptanone to MUP-I, unambiguously define ligand orientations for two pheromones within the MUP-I binding site, and suggest how different chemical classes of pheromones can be accommodated within the MUP-I β-barrel.
Coccidian parasites (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from insectivores. IV. Four new species in Talpa europaea from England.

ABSTRACT. Moles from England were examined for coccidian oocysts and all 64 Talpa europaea were infected; of 64 infected hosts, 56 (88%) had multiple infections representing two to six coccidian species when examined. Oocysts in 31 of the 64 samples remained unsporulated. Three eimerians and one isosporan were studied from the 33 fecal samples that had sporulated oocysts and these are described as new species; Cyclospora talpae Pellerdy & Tanyi, 1968, and Isospora sofiae (Golemansky, 1978) Levine & Ivens, 1979, are redescribed; and Cyclospora sp., similar to C. talpae, is discussed. Sporulated oocysts of C. talpae are ellipsoidal, 14.3 × 9.6 (12–19 × 6–13) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 9.4 × 5.7 (6–13 × 4–8) μm; it was found in 21 of the 33 (63.6%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Cyclospora sp. are subspheroidal to ellipsoidal, 12.5 × 8.9 (10–14 × 6–12) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 8.6 × 5.3 (6–10 × 4–6) μm; it was found in 21 of the 33 (63.6%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria avonensis n. sp. are elongate-ellipsoidal, 15.0 × 9.6 (13–20 × 7–12) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 6.6 × 3.6 (5–9 × 3–7) μm; it was found in 15 of the 33 (45.5%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria berea n. sp. are subspheroidal, 12.1 × 10.5 (10–15 × 8–14) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 6.3 × 3.9 (5–10 × 2–5) μm; it was found in 8 of the 33 (24.2%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Eimeria globula n. sp. are spheroidal, 20.9 × 19.9 (19–24 × 17–21) μm with sporocysts elongate-ovoid, 11.5 × 6.9 (9–16 × 6–9) μm; it was found in 3 of the 33 (9.1%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of Isospora sporopointaea n. sp. are subellipsoidal to ellipsoidal, 17.1 × 11.4 (13–21 × 8–14) μm with sporocysts ellipsoidal with both ends pointed, 11.9 × 5.9 (9–16 × 4–8) μm; it was found in 27 of the 33 (81.8%) sporulated samples. Sporulated oocysts of I. sofiae are spheroidal to subspheroidal, 12.2 × 11.0 (9–16 × 8–15) μm with sporocysts ovoid, 9.1 × 5.2 (6–13 × 3–8) μm; it was found in 25 of the 33 (75.8%) sporulated samples. To date, the coccidian parasites of talpids include two cyclosporans, 12 eimerians, and six isosporans, exclusive of the four new species described here.