cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mechanics of subinterface cracks in layered material

Abstract Two-dimensional finite cracks near a bi-material interface are investigated. A crack under uniform pressure or a pair of concentrated loads on its faces is modeled by a dislocation density along the crack length leading to singular integral equations from which the stress intensity factors are obtained. We investigated the case when the crack is near the interface of two half-planes or near a finite coating. In both cases, the singular integral equations were solved numerically by expanding the unknown dislocation density in terms of Chebyshev polynomials. When the crack is near the interface of two half-planes, the stress intensity factors and the energy release rate were obtained as a function of the crack-to-interface distance, and we show that they approach previously derived asymptotic solutions. When the crack is near the interface of a coated substrate we find in the case of soft coating, for all values of the thickness of the coating and the crack-to-interface distance that the normalized Mode I stress intensity factor and the normalized energy release rate are greater than one and the normalized stress intensity factor for Mode II is negative. As a result, a soft coating does not prevent a crack propagating toward the interface. On the other hand, for a sliff coating, whether the normalized Mode I stress intensity factor and the normalized energy release rale are greater or less than one, and whether the normalized Mode II stress intensity is positive or negative depends on the relative values of the material stiffness, the crack-to-interface distance, and the thickness of the coating. For this case the critical thickness of the coating for the crack to propagate parallel to the interface was obtained. We also investigated the effect of the value of the material mismatch parameters on the stress intensity factors and the energy release rate.
COTYLEDON VASCULAR PATTERN2–Mediated Inositol (1,4,5) Triphosphate Signal Transduction Is Essential for Closed Venation Patterns of Arabidopsis Foliar Organs

Vein patterns in leaves and cotyledons form in a spatially regulated manner through the progressive recruitment of ground cells into vascular cell fate. To gain insight into venation patterning mechanisms, we have characterized the cotyledon vascular pattern2 (cvp2) mutants, which exhibit an increase in free vein endings and a resulting open vein network. We cloned CVP2 by a map-based cloning strategy and found that it encodes an inositol polyphosphate 5′ phosphatase (5PTase). 5PTases regulate inositol (1,4,5) triphosphate (IP3) signal transduction by hydrolyzing IP3 and thus terminate IP3 signaling. CVP2 gene expression is initially broad and then gradually restricted to incipient vascular cells in several developing organs. Consistent with the inferred enzymatic activity of CVP2, IP3 levels are elevated in cvp2 mutants. In addition, cvp2 mutants exhibit hypersensitivity to the plant hormone abscisic acid. We propose that elevated IP3 levels in cvp2 mutants reduce ground cell recruitment into vascular cell fate, resulting in premature vein termination and, thus, in an open reticulum.
Interior horizons: an ethical space of selfhood in South India

While interiority is typically associated with selfhood in the modern West, this article conveys the formation of an interior topography of selfhood in South India. A ‘genealogy’ of interiority, it is argued, would address the moral forces, ethical practices, and historical accidents through which such an internal space of subjectivity may be constituted. Focusing most closely upon the moral life of a single individual, the article charts a ‘folding’ inward of three forms of exterior life: collective histories of moral transformation, vernacular traditions of ethical conduct, and personal experiences of inhabited landscape, all of which work together upon the ‘heart’ as an interior terrain of ethical self-engagement. Resume Bien que l'interiorite soit habituellement associee a la notion de soi dans l'Occident moderne, l'auteur decrit ici la formation d'une topographie interieure du soi dans le Sud de l'Inde. Il avance qu'une « genealogie » de l'interiorite tiendrait compte des forces morales, des pratiques ethiques et des accidents historiques susceptibles de creer cet espace interne de subjectivite. En examinant de tres pres la vie morale d'un seul individu, l'article trace les contours d'un « repli » vers l'interieur de trois formes de vie exterieure : histoires collectives de transformation morale, traditions vernaculaires de conduite ethique et experiences personnelles d'un paysage habite, qui se rejoignent au « cœur » d'un terrain interieur d'engagement ethique sur soi.
Angular-linear transformer with constant mechanical advantage

Abstract Designs for a mechanical angular-linear transformer with constant mechanical advantage are described. The results depend on a single design parameter derived from principles of symmetrical, multiply separated positions given in an earlier paper [1]. The examples illustrate the high quality of the constant mechanical advantage approximation.
Effect of the Exclusion of Behavioral Health from Health Information Technology (HIT) Legislation on the Future of Integrated Health Care

Past research has shown abundant comorbidity between physical chronic health conditions and mental illness. The focal point of the conversation to reduce cost is better care coordination through the implementation of health information technology (HIT). At the policy level, the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009 (HITECH Act) was implemented as a way to increase the implementation of HIT. However, behavioral health providers have been largely excluded from obtaining access to the funds provided by the HITECH Act. Without further intervention, disjointed care coordination between physical and behavioral health providers will continue.
Effects of thermomechanical coupling and relaxation times on wave spectrum in dynamic theory of generalized thermoelasticity

A spectral study is performed to gain insight into the effects of relaxation times and thermomechanical coupling on dynamic thermoelastic responses in generalized thermoelasticity. The hyperbolic thermoelastic theories of Lord and Schulman (LS) and Green and Lindsay (GL) are selected for the study. A generalized characteristic equation is derived to investigate dispersion behavior of thermoelastic waves as functions of thermomechanical coupling and relaxation time constants. Thermomechanical coupling is found to impose a significant influence on phase velocities. The GL model implicitly indicates that the order of magnitude of the thermomechanical relaxation time can never be greater than that of thermal relaxation time.
Mechanism of Fatigue Performance Enhancement in a Superhard Nanoparticles Integrated Nanocomposites by a Hybrid Manufacturing Technique

A hybrid manufacturing process, which contains Laser Sintering (LS) and Laser shock peening (LSP), is introduced to generate iron-TiN nanoparticle nanocomposites. It is a two-step process including LS followed with LSP. Before LS, TiN nanoparticles mixed with iron powders are coated on samples surface. After LS, TiN nanoparticles are embedded into iron matrix to strengthen materials. Then LSP is performed to introduce work hardening and compressive residual stress. The existed nanoparticles increase the dislocation density and also help to pin the dislocation movement. Better residual stress stability under thermal annealing can be obtained by better dislocation movement stabilization, which is beneficial for fatigue performance.© 2013 ASME
Glomus jugulare tumor metastatic to the sacrum after high-dose radiation therapy: Case report

A 47-year-old woman with left ear pain and hearing loss was diagnosed with a glomus jugulare tumor for which she received radiation therapy as the primary treatment. Over a period of 20 years, she developed temporal bone necrosis, brain stem calcifications, local tumor recurrence, and eventually metastases to her lungs and sacrum. This case underscores the often indolent nature of glomus jugulare tumors, the late sequelae of radiation therapy for benign intracranial tumors, and the potential of these tumors to metastasize. This patient's history suggests that aggressive surgical resection should be considered early for such tumors, particularly because radiation treatment does not ablate the tumor. This is only the second reported case of a glomus jugulare tumor metastatic to the sacrum.
Loss of the major isoform of phosphoglucomutase results in altered calcium homeostasis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Phosphoglucomutase (PGM) is a key enzyme in glucose metabolism, where it catalyzes the interconversion of glucose 1-phosphate (Glc-1-P) and glucose 6-phosphate (Glc-6-P). In this study, we make the novel observation that PGM is also involved in the regulation of cellular Ca2+ homeostasis inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. When a strain lacking the major isoform of PGM (pgm2Δ) was grown on media containing galactose as sole carbon source, its rate of Ca2+ uptake was 5-fold higher than an isogenic wild-type strain. This increased rate of Ca2+ uptake resulted in a 9-fold increase in the steady-state total cellular Ca2+ level. The fraction of cellular Ca2+ located in the exchangeable pool in thepgm2Δ strain was found to be as large as the exchangeable fraction observed in wild-type cells, suggesting that the depletion of Golgi Ca2+ stores is not responsible for the increased rate of Ca2+ uptake. We also found that growth of thepgm2Δ strain on galactose media is inhibited by 10 μm cyclosporin A, suggesting that activation of the calmodulin/calcineurin signaling pathway is required to activate the Ca2+ transporters that sequester the increased cytosolic Ca2+ load caused by this high rate of Ca2+uptake. We propose that these Ca2+-related alterations are attributable to a reduced metabolic flux between Glc-1-P and Glc-6-P due to a limitation of PGM enzymatic activity in thepgm2Δ strain. Consistent with this hypothesis, we found that this “metabolic bottleneck” resulted in an 8-fold increase in the Glc-1-P level compared with the wild-type strain, while the Glc-6-P and ATP levels were normal. These results suggest that Glc-1-P (or a related metabolite) may participate in the control of Ca2+uptake from the environment.
Assessing Risk in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy has fascinated clinicians and clinical investigators since its initial description almost 50 years ago because of the unique physical findings, often bizarre electrocard...
Science policy hearings set

A congressional task force that will review government science policy has scheduled a slate of hearings for the rest of 1985. T h e Task Force on Science Policy, established in mid-1984 by the House Committee on Science and Technology, will conduct the first such comprehensive review by the House in more than 20 years. “These hearings will allow us to visit with a large number of preeminent scientists, engineers, and policymakers representing many disciplines and viewpoints. They will help provide the task force with a broad picture of U.S. science policy,” said Rep. Manuel Lujan (R-N.M.), the task force's ranking Republican. Rep. Don Fuqua (D-Fla.) is chairman of both the task force and the Committee on Science and Technology.
Free triiodothyronine toxicosis in a patient with multinodular goiter

The patient, a 75-year-old man with a history of hypertension, renal calculi, gout, and colon diverticulosis, presented for a routine clinic visit on June 29, 1987, with complaints of nervousness, insomnia, excessive sweating, breathlessness, and fatigue for 1 month. He denied exposure to excess iodide. Physical examination revealed an anxious, elderly man with facial flushing. The blood pressure was 170/90 mm Hg and the pulse was 100/minute and regular. Examination of the head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat was significant for conjunctival injection without proptosis, chemosis, or lid lag. The thyroid gland was three times enlarged with multiple nodules and mild tenderness. Cardiac examination revealed a loud $1 and a systolic ejection murmur. On neurologic examination, there was a fine tremor of the hands and brisk deep tendon reflexes, but no muscle weakness. Routine thyroid function tests were performed to confirm the clinical impression of hyperthyroidism. However, results were within the normal range (Table I). Total serum T3 was measured by solid-phase radioimmunoassay (RIA) using a kit obtained from Diagnostic Products Corporation (Los Angeles, California) according to manufacturer's instructions. Serum free thyroxine (T4) and free T3 concentrations were then measured by equilibrium dialysis. Total T4 and T3 concentrations were again normal and the free T4 concentration was in the upper range of normal. The serum free T3 concentration, however, was distinctly elevated, conf i rming our cl inical impression of thyrotoxicosis. Serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentration was low and failed to increase after thyrotropinreleasing hormone (TRH) administration. Weakly positive antithyroglobulin and antimicrosomal antibody titers were 1:320 and 1:400, respectively. The
Impact Response of Externally Strengthened Unreinforced Masonry Walls Using CFRP

Research reported herein investigates the out-of-plane impact resistance of unreinforced masonry (URM) walls strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites, externally applied in sheets to one face of the wall. Two analytical methods based on energy principle and wave propagation theory and a finite-element-based numerical model have been developed, assuming a perfect bond at composite–masonry interface with an equivalent stiffness of the system. Full-scale impact tests are conducted for verification purpose, where three 1.2 m tall URM concrete walls (one unstrengthened and two strengthened with continuous unidirectional and woven CFRP sheets) are vertically tested up to cracking using a pendulum drop-weight impact tester. The test results compare reasonably well with those obtained from the analyses and simulation. It is found that the energy and finite-element methods can provide reasonable estimates for peak impact force and wall deflection, whereas the wave propagation method is r...
Sexually Dimorphic P450 Gene Expression in Liver-Specific Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 4α-Deficient Mice

Hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF) 4α is a liverenriched nuclear receptor that plays a critical role in regulating the expression of numerous hepatic genes, including members of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) superfamily, several of which are expressed in a sex-dependent manner. Presently, we use a liver-specific Hnf4α-deficient mouse model to investigate the role of HNF4α in regulating liverenriched transcription factors and sexually dimorphic Cyps in liver in vivo. Real-time PCR analysis of RNA isolated from livers of wild-type and Hnf4α-deficient mice revealed the following: 1) HNF4α exerts both positive regulation (Hnfα, C/ebpα, and C/ebpβ) and negative regulation (Hnf3α and the HNF4α coactivator Pgc-1α) on liver transcription factor expression; 2) a strong dependence on HNF4α characterizes several male-predominant Cyps (2d9 and 8b1), female-predominant Cyps (2b10, 2b13, 3a41, and 3a44) and Cyps, whose expression is sex independent (3a11, 3a25); 3) HNF4α confers a unique, positive regulation of two male-expre...
Dynamics of Periodic Step-Bunching During Growth on Vicinal GaAs(110) Surfaces: Computer Simulations and Experiments

Molecular beam epitaxial growth on GaAs(110) vicinal surfaces results in the formation of periodic micro-facets. We compare experimental results with computer simulations of a simple one dimensional step-flow growth model. The simulations show that preferential adatom attachment to the down step in a step array results in the destruction of step uniformity. A kinetic limitation due to adatom diffusion length along the terraces leads to stabilization of a periodic array of step-bunches. We extend our simulations to show the effects of the attachment and diffusion parameters on the dynamics of facet evolution.
Genetic and non-genetic determinants of outcomes in cystic fibrosis

The treatment of cystic fibrosis has improved significantly over the past three decades. Median survival has improved by decades and is now estimated to be 37 years. Many factors contribute to improvements in disease severity and outcome. This paper reviews the current evidence of three groups of important factors: genetic, environmental and healthcare related.
Code-Oriented Damage Assessment for Buildings

In this study, we present a simple framework for the evaluation of the cost to repair building damage using engineering parameters related to current seismic building codes. Specifically, we envisi...
Zinc, cadmium, and hypertension in parturient women.

Zinc deficiency and cadmium toxicity have both been implicated in hypertension during pregnancy. The goals of this study were twofold: first, to assess the different zinc indices (plasma, red blood cell zinc, heat-labile alkaline phosphatase, and placental zinc) in normotensive and hypertensive parturients to determine whether they are altered in the different types of hypertension that occur during pregnancy; second,. to assess whole-blood cadmium and placental cadmium with regard to hypertension and zinc status. Patients were diagnosed as having chronic hypertension or preeclamptic toxemia and were then further divided into groups on the basis of smoking status. Each patient was matched with a normal control subject based on age, parity, and smoking status. Forty-three hypertensive patients and their matched control subjects were studied. No differences were found in the various zinc indices between chronic hypertensive parturients and normal control subjects. However, in parturients with preeclamptic toxemia, the plasma zinc level was 19% lower than in control subjects ( p p r = 0.53; p
Microbiologists meet geologists in Bath

A diverse group of microbiologists, molecular biologists, chemical engineers, and geologists met in Bath, United Kingdom, in September 1993 to reach across the barriers separating their disciplines and report new findings in the expanding field of geomicrobiology. The occasion was the second International Symposium on Subsurface Microbiology, cosponsored by the Subsurface Science Program of the U.S. Department of Energy. Historically, Bath was a resort centered around the emission of thermal waters credited with the potential to cure numerous ills. The location was appropriate given that biotechnology appears to have considerable potential to cure some challenging environmental ailments.
Highly-available services using the primary-backup approach

The authors derive lower bounds and the corresponding optimal protocols for three parameters for synchronous primary-backup systems. They compare their results with similar results for active replication in order to determine whether the common folklore on the virtues of the two approaches can be shown formally. They also extend some of their results to asynchronous primary-backup systems. They implement an important subclass of primary-backup protocols that they call 0-blocking. These protocols are interesting because they introduce no additional protocol related delay into a failure-free service request. Through implementing these protocols the authors hope to determine the appropriateness of their theoretical system model and uncover other practical advantages or limitations of the primary-backup approach. >
Quantitative analysis of adenosine: statistical comparison of radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-selected ion monitoring methods.

A new method for quantitating adenosine concentration by capillary gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–selected ion monitoring (GC–MS–SIM) has been developed and used as a reference method for evaluating a newly developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for adenosine. Details of the GC–MS–SIM method are presented, along with the comparative results and uncertainties of both methods. General considerations in the statistical analysis of method comparison data are discussed with particular reference to studies using quantitative mass spectrometry as the standard method; the adenosine methods are used as specific examples in this discussion. Simultaneous estimation of the y–intercept and slope of the least squares regression line relating the results of the two methods using the 95% joint confidence ellipse demonstrated the absence of either constant or proportional error between the two methods. The relatively small uncertainty in the GC–MS–SIM measurements had no significant effect on the linear regression. Random error between the two methods was detected, and was estimated by the coefficient of variation in the RIA data as ten percent of the RIA value.
Laboratory survival of Drosophila suzukii under simulated winter conditions of the Pacific Northwest and seasonal field trapping in five primary regions of small and stone fruit production in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Drosophila suzukii was first found in Oregon in August 2009. The threat of this pest to regional small and stone fruit production industries led to investigations on its overwintering capabilities in fruit-growing regions in the Pacific Northwest. Knowledge of its cold tolerance will help in the development of computer models to forecast seasonal population growth and decline. RESULTS: Of 1500 adults or pupae, 22 (1.4%) individuals survived the 84 day experimental chilling period. Most (86%) of the survivors were subjected to 10 ◦ C temperature treatments. Survival decreased significantly at lower temperature treatments. Freezingtemporarilyincreasedthemortalityratebutdidnotsignificantlyaffectoverallmortalityoverthetrialperiod.Fliesthat emerged from pupae are estimated to survive for up to 103‐105 days at 10 ◦ C and for shorter periods at lower temperatures. Field trapping in five fruit production areas has demonstrated overwintering survival in California and Oregon, but lower survival is predicted in Eastern Washington and Michigan. CONCLUSION: The experiments reported here indicate that long-term survival of D. suzukii is unlikely at temperatures below 10 ◦ C. Field data from five climatic regions indicated extended low initial D. suzukii field presence in 2010 in all regions except California, where field presence was recorded earlier. c � 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Efficiency improvements of a Directly-Driven Antenna-based AM transmitter over the am frequency band

A wide frequency bandwidth and high power efficiency are important goals of radio transmitter design. Conventional radio transmitters have a narrow bandwidth, primarily limited by the bandwidth of the impedance matching network between the power amplifier and transmit antenna. The Directly-Driven Antenna (DDA) architecture has the potential to eliminate this limitation, as without the frequency constraints imposed by the conjugate impedance matching network, it is possible to couple power to a transmit antenna efficiently across a very wide bandwidth. Previous work demonstrates that the DDA architecture can produce an improvement by a factor of 10 in the radiated power for an electrically-small antenna when compared to conventional transmitter architecture. Results obtained over the past year, incorporating changes to the DDA circuit and measurement techniques reported previously, confirms that the radiated power improvement is close to a factor of 10 at ∼1 MHz but changes with frequency. This letter discusses recent refinements made to the circuit design, measurement technique and results, and shows data demonstrating operation of a DDA transmitter across the AM broadcast band.
The role of mutation in the new cancer paradigm

The almost universal belief that cancer is caused by mutation may gradually be giving way to the belief that cancer begins as a cellular adaptation that involves the local epigenetic silencing of various genes. In my own interpretation of the new epigenetic paradigm, the genes epigenetically suppressed are genes that normally serve in post-embryonic life to suppress and keep suppressed those other genes upon which embryonic development depends. Those other genes, if not silenced or suppressed in the post-embryonic animal, become, I suggest, the oncogenes that are the basis of neoplasia. Mutations that occur in silenced genes supposedly go unrepaired and are, therefore, postulated to accumulate, but such mutations probably play little or no causative role in neoplasia because they occur in already epigenetically silenced genes. These mutations probably often serve to make the silencing, and therefore the cancer, epigenetically irreversible.
Efficacy of a Telephone-Delivered Self-Management Intervention for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial With a One-Year Follow-Up

Abstract Objective To evaluate the efficacy of a telephone-delivered self-management intervention for fatigue, pain, and depression in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Design Single-center, randomized (1:1), single-blind (outcome assessors), parallel-group trial with a primary endpoint of posttreatment (9–11wk postrandomization) and long-term follow-up at 6 and 12 months. Setting Telephone-delivered across the United States. Participants Adults with MS (N=163) with fatigue, chronic pain, and/or moderate depressive symptoms (age range, 25–76y). Interventions Eight-week individual telephone-delivered self-management intervention (T-SM) (n=75) versus an 8-week individual telephone-delivered MS education intervention (T-ED) (n=88). Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome was the proportion who achieved a ≥50% decrease in 1 or more symptoms—fatigue impact, pain interference, and/or depression severity. Secondary outcomes included continuous measures of pain, fatigue impact, depression, self-efficacy, activation, health-related quality of life, resilience, and affect. Results For our primary outcome, 58% of those in the T-SM group and 46% of those in the T-ED group had a ≥50% reduction in 1 or more symptoms; this difference was not statistically significant (odds ratio, 1.50; 95% confidence interval, .77–2.93; P =.238). Participants in both groups significantly improved from baseline to posttreatment in primary and secondary outcome measures ( P Conclusions Both interventions resulted in short- and long-term, clinically meaningful benefits. The study demonstrated that the telephone is an effective method for engaging participants in care and extending the reach of rehabilitation for individuals with MS.
A new counter disassociation mechanism (CDM) for 802.11b/g wireless local area networks

IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks provide the ability to build a cost efficient network infrastructure that is flexible and mobile. This technology tried to provide mechanisms by which to secure the network, however, it failed to do so. The security mechanisms evolved from Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) to Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA), which introduced more enhancements to both encryption and authentication. Although WPA has improved significantly the security of the wireless LANs, it still has some weaknesses. We are going to explore a new security scheme that attempts to fix a hole in the disassociation mechanism of the WPA protocol. This vulnerability allows an attacker to shutdown the entire network even for those users that are authorized within the network.
Multi-dwell matched-field altitude estimation for over-the-horizon radar

In previous work, electromagnetic matched-field processing was proposed for estimating aircraft altitude with over-the-horizon radar using a single radar dwell. Although this approach exploits the altitude dependence of unresolved multipath returns in complex delay-Doppler space, its performance suffers in situations where the coherent integration time (CIT) of the radar is short. To overcome this limitation, this paper presents a matched-field estimation approach which uses multiple consecutive dwells on the target. The technique exploits the altitude dependence of dwell-to-dwell shape changes in the complex delay-Doppler multipath return. Monte Carlo simulations results indicate that using short CITs, moderate signal bandwidth, and a 30 second revisit rate, multi-dwell matched-field estimation can achieve better than 5,000 ft. accuracy after as few as four radar dwells. The results of processing actual radar data for a high flying commercial aircraft of known altitude are presented which serve to validate the technique.
Growth of Brown Pelican Nestlings Exposed to Sublethal Levels of Soft Tick Infestation

Abstract Ectoparasites are a common component of seabird colonies and are generally considered to have a negative impact on their hosts. Nest parasites such as the soft tick Carios capensis may pose a distinct threat to altricial nestlings confined to the nest and unable to escape infestation. To assess the potential effects of ticks on growth, we measured linear growth rates of Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) nestlings during early development in relation to C. capensis infestation at insecticide treated and untreated nests at two colonies in South Carolina during the 2004 and 2005 breeding seasons. Tick infestation levels differed between colonies but not between years. We found a positive relationship between tick infestation and both growth rates and hatching success at the more infested colony. We did not find a consistent relationship between insecticide treatment and growth rates, although chicks from nests treated with insecticide had fewer ticks compared to chicks from untreated nests. Our...
Labor and the Geographic Reorganization of Container Shipping in the U.S.

The globalization of production and the geographic dispersion of economic activity have elevated the importance of the transportation and logistics sectors of the economy. One sector in particular that has experienced significant expansion is maritime transport and container ship- ping. As the cargo has become increasingly "discretionary" such that it can conceivably be transported through any port that allows intermodal access to the hinterland, the industry has become much more foot-loose vis-a-vis a particular port of entry. The enhanced mobility of the cargo results in more intense port competition. One particular place to observe and study this dynamic is in the port and terminal selection of shippers and shipping lines and the role of port authorities in attempting to attract these carriers to their facilities. In this paper, the focus is on the role of labor and labor relations in such decisions.These issues will be studied in the context of the potential container traffic rerouting from the West to the East Coast of the U.S. and, as an illustrative case study, how these developments have played out for the East Coast port of Jacksonville, Florida. grow_537 520..539
Electromagnetic scattering and radiation by arbitrary conducting wire/surface configurations

The electric field integral equation is used with the moment method to develop an efficient numerical procedure for treating problems of arbitrary conducting wire/surface configurations. Three triangular-type basis functions are used to represent the currents on the bodies, wires, and wire/surface junctions. A junction basis function is developed which is applicable to any junction configuration. >
Population genetic structure of nebraska paddlefish based on mitochondrial DNA variation

Abstract Eighty-three paddlefish Polyodon spathula that were collected from 1995 to 1999 from the Missouri River Galvins Point Dam tailwater were analyzed for genetic variation in the mitochondrial DNA d-loop region. Additional samples from Montana, South Dakota, and Louisiana were used for comparative purposes. To facilitate the efficient analysis of numerous paddlefish samples, we applied a method that employs polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) to resolve restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). DNA sequencing of 10 paddlefish revealed 22 polymorphic sites. Polymerase chain reaction–RFLP analysis of 93 paddlefish using three restriction enzymes detected six of the polymorphic sites and revealed six distinct haplotypes. All of the observed haplotypes were found in the Missouri River Galvins Point Dam tailwater. No temporal differentiation was observed among the 1995, 1998, and 1999 samples from the Missouri River Galvins Point Dam tailwater. P...
On the use of Stockwell transform in structural dynamic analysis

Time-frequency analysis of earthquake records using Fourier transform is a fundamental, reliable and useful tool in earthquake engineering and engineering seismology. It will be however no longer functional if the frequency variation is analysed in time domain. Short time Fourier transform is utilized for the same purpose but this has also its own limitations and restrictions. In this research, Stockwell transform (S-transform), is evaluated in investigating frequency content of signal in time domain. First, the effectiveness of S-transform was tested by a non-stationary synthetic signal series with a sum of various instantaneous time varying frequency functions. Then, transform was employed to three different earthquake waveforms of Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku earthquake (Mw 6.9, 2008); recorded in near, moderate and far sites. Finally, an application was demonstrated for determining dynamic response of three-story frame structure by using El Centro earthquake compiled with harmonic motion. Unlike widely used continuous wavelet transform, which provides temporal and spectral information simultaneously, S-transform is very straightforward and easy to manipulate for interpretations. All cases considered in this research showed that S- transform can be implemented for further research activities related with frequency-dependent strong motion analysis by practitioners and engineers. S-transform can distinguish abrupt frequency changes in structures effectively and accurately.
Use of an antibiotic-impregnated bone cement block in the revision of an infected shoulder arthroplasty

The incidence of infection after shoulder arthroplasty is low, likely because of the vascularity of the shoulder girdle and abundant soft-tissue coverage.2, z. 13 Although it is rare, deep infection after shoulder arthroplasty is a devastating complication. Because infection after shoulder arthroplasty is rare, few surgeons have had much experience with this difficult problem. Many of the principles currently followed in treatment have been adopted from the experience gained with infected knee and hip arthroplasties. This experience has identified several methods that are useful in treating infected joint arthroplasties. These include antibiotic therapy alone, 1~ combined joint debridement and antibiotic therapy/resection arthroplasty/primary exchange arthroplasty,! :~ and two-stage reimplantation. 8 It is generally agreed that late deep infections occurring after shoulder arthroplasty require removal of both the prosthesis and the cement mantle combined with joint debridement, drainage, and intravenous antibiotics. Resection arthroplasty has been reported as a treatment for late deep infections after shoulder arthroplasty. 3' 12, 14 However, the functional consequences of resection arthroplasty often is severely limited shoulder function and variable pain relief, even if local infection is controlled. 9 Despite this severe functional limitation, some authorities consider infection a contraindication to revision arthroplasty. 11 Recent reports have begun to recommend the possibility of staged reimplantation after component removal, surgical debridement, and a period of intravenous antibi
Learning while searching in constraint-satisfaction-problems

The popular use of backtracking as a control strategy for theorem proving in PROLOG and in Truth-Maintenance-Systems (TMS) led to increased interest in various schemes for enhancing the efficiency of backtrack search. Researchers have referred to these enhancement schemes by the names "Intelligent Backtracking" (in PROLOG), "Dependency-directed-backtracking" (in TMS) and others. Those improvements center on the issue of "jumping-back" to the source of the problem in front of dead-end situations. This paper examines another issue (much less explored) which arises in dead-ends. Specifically, we concentrate on the idea of constraint recording, namely, analyzing and storing the reasons for the dead-ends, and using them to guide future decisions, so that the same conflicts will not arise again. We view constraint recording as a process of learning, and examine several possible learning schemes studying the tradeoffs between the amount of learning and the improvement in search efficiency.
Formation of Streptococcus pneumoniae Non-Phase-Variable Colony Variants Is Due to Increased Mutation Frequency Present under Biofilm Growth Conditions

In this report, we show that biofilm formation by Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 19 gives rise to variants (the small mucoid variant [SMV] and the acapsular small-colony variant [SCV]) differing in capsule production, attachment, and biofilm formation compared to wild-type strains. All biofilm-derived variants harbored SNPs in cps19F. SCVs reverted to SMV, but no reversion to the wild-type phenotype was noted, indicating that these variants were distinct from opaque- and transparent-phase variants. The SCV-SMV reversion frequency was dependent on growth conditions and treatment with tetracycline. Increased reversion rates were coincident with antibiotic treatment, implicating oxidative stress as a trigger for the SCV-SMV switch. We, therefore, evaluated the role played by hydrogen peroxide, the oxidizing chemical, in the reversion and emergence of variants. Biofilms of S. pneumoniae TIGR4-DeltaspxB, defective in hydrogen peroxide production, showed a significant reduction in variant formation. Similarly, supplementing the medium with catalase or sodium thiosulfate yielded a significant reduction in variants formed by wild-type biofilms. Resistance to rifampin, an indicator for mutation frequency, was found to increase approximately 55-fold in biofilms compared to planktonic cells for each of the three wild-type strains examined. In contrast, TIGR4-DeltaspxB grown as a biofilm showed no increase in rifampin resistance compared to the same cells grown planktonically. Furthermore, addition of 2.5 and 10 mM hydrogen peroxide to planktonic cells resulted in a 12- and 160-fold increase in mutation frequency, respectively, and gave rise to variants similar in appearance, biofilm-related phenotypes, and distribution of biofilm-derived variants. The results suggest that hydrogen peroxide and environmental conditions specific to biofilms are responsible for the development of non-phase-variable colony variants.
Healing and the cultural order: the case of the Barolong boo Ratshidi of southern Africa

Healing reveals clearly both the dialectical relationship between the cultural order and subjective experience and the role of this dialectic in wider processes of continuity and change. This examination of one southern Africa therapeutic system is set in the context of a more general debate between formalist and phenomenological interpretations of ritual and cosmology. It examines the relationship between shared symbolic categories and the indigenous perceptions of order and disorder, suggesting that affliction here is a structurally configured dislocation of the self and its social and cosmic context. Healing thus entails the manipulation of multivocal symbolic media, seeking to reintegrate the physical, conceptual, and social universe of sufferers and community. In rapidly changing societies, healing reveals how existing symbolic categories subsume chaotic experience and also how perceptions of an expanding sociocultural domain may transform these categories themselves, [healing, change, Africa, cosmology, self and society. Western allopathic medicine]
Contributions to the pollen morphology and phylogeny of the Annonaceae. II

In an earlier paper, which includes pollen descriptions for 93 genera and approximately 430 species of the large tropical family Annonaceae, the author laid the foundation for a generic reclassification and natural phylogeny of the family based largely on comparative palynology. The present paper includes generic pollen descriptions for an additional 12 genera and 18 species of Annonaceae.
Clinical and economic consequences of first-year urinary tract infections, sepsis, and pneumonia in contemporary kidney transplantation practice

We examined United States Renal Data System registry records for Medicare-insured kidney transplant recipients in 2000-2011 to study the clinical and cost impacts of urinary tract infections (UTI), pneumonia, and sepsis in the first year post-transplant among a contemporary, national cohort. Infections were identified by billing diagnostic codes. Among 60 702 recipients, 45% experienced at least one study infection in the first year post-transplant, including UTI in 32%, pneumonia in 13%, and sepsis in 12%. Older recipient age, female sex, diabetic kidney failure, nonstandard criteria organs, sirolimus-based immunosuppression, and steroids at discharge were associated with increased risk of first-year infections. By time-varying, multivariate Cox regression, all study infections predicted increased first-year mortality, ranging from 41% (aHR 1.41, 95% CI 1.25-1.56) for UTI alone, 6- to 12-fold risk for pneumonia or sepsis alone, to 34-fold risk (aHR 34.38, 95% CI 30.35-38.95) for those with all three infections. Infections also significantly increased first-year costs, from $17 691 (standard error (SE) $591) marginal cost increase for UTI alone, to approximately $40 000-$50 000 (SE $1054-1238) for pneumonia or sepsis alone, to $134 773 (SE $1876) for those with UTI, pneumonia, and sepsis. Clinical and economic impacts persisted in years 2-3 post-transplant. Early infections reflect important targets for management protocols to improve post-transplant outcomes and reduce costs of care.
Process Intensification Through Miniaturization of Chemical and Thermal Systems in the 21 st Century

The 21st century holds great promise for development of Micro Chemical and Thermal Systems (MICRO-CATS™). The quest for miniaturization will lead to greater process intensification. Miniaturization greatly reduces the resistances to heat and mass transfer. When heat and mass transfer rates are increased by orders of magnitude, revolutionary changes occur in technology.
Diversity and consumer behavior

Diversity has received more attention in psychology than it has in consumer research. Yet the role of diversity in the marketplace is of ever growing importance. In this review article, we discuss how true consumer appraisal — addressing consumers by their true, personal identity rather than their false selves — may lead to more positive marketplace experiences. Through a true consumer appraisal lens, we review work which advances our knowledge about diversity and consumer behavior. This research includes discussions of theoretical frameworks such as stereotype threat, methodology such as the Implicit Association Test (IAT), and subgroups based on race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, religion, appearance, and physical ability.
Elements of QED-NRQED effective field theory: NLO scattering at leading power

The proton radius puzzle, i.e. the large discrepancy in the extraction of the proton charge radius between regular and muonic hydrogen, challenges our understanding of the structure of the proton. It can also be an indication of a new force that couples to muons, but not to electrons. An effective field theory analysis using nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics (NRQED) indicates that the muonic hydrogen result can be interpreted as a large, compared to some model estimates, muon-proton spin-independent contact interaction. The muonic hydrogen result can be tested by a muon-proton scattering experiment, MUSE, that is planned at the Paul Scherrer Institute in Switzerland. The typical momenta of the muons in this experiment are of the order of the muon mass. In this energy regime the muons are relativistic but the protons are still nonrelativistic. The interaction between the muons and protons can be described by a hybrid QED-NRQED effective field theory. We present some elements of this effective field theory. In particular we consider $\mathcal{O}(Z\ensuremath{\alpha})$ scattering up to power ${m}^{2}/{M}^{2}$, where $m$ ($M$) is the muon (proton) mass and $Z=1$ for a proton, and $\mathcal{O}({Z}^{2}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2})$ scattering at leading power. We show how the former reproduces Rosenbluth scattering up to power ${m}^{2}/{M}^{2}$ and the latter the relativistic scattering off a static potential. Proton structure corrections at $\mathcal{O}({Z}^{2}{\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2})$ will be considered in a subsequent paper.
Divergence of the Harmonic Series by Rearrangement

(1997). Divergence of the Harmonic Series by Rearrangement. The College Mathematics Journal: Vol. 28, No. 3, pp. 209-210.
Acceptance of the 2012 Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America

Mr. President, Members of the Society, Ladies, and Gentlemen: Thank you, Larissa, for your very kind words and for nominating me for this great honor. Many thanks also to those who supported my nomination and to the Roebling Committee that selected me. I am extremely honored to be chosen as the 2012 Roebling Medalist, as I am sure you can already conclude by my dress today. I am humbled when I look back over the list of earlier recipients of this award—William Lawrence Bragg, N.L. Bowen, Linus Pauling, and many outstanding mineralogists and mineral physicists, including the last dozen or so, most of whom are my friends and admired colleagues. Like so many others have said before me, I am indebted to many people in my past who have contributed to my successes in large and small ways. I am deeply indebted to my parents who raised me with no doubts that I would become a scientist one day. I am similarly indebted to Gary Ernst from whom I learned basic mineralogy and the embryonic beginnings of Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphism (UHPM), and for whom I separated minerals as an undergraduate. And to David Griggs, my Ph.D. mentor, who taught me that one should never accept coincidence as an explanation for something surprising without first exhausting all other available possibilities. As Pasteur said, “Luck favors the prepared mind”—i.e., you have to be prepared to be lucky by maintaining an outlook receptive to surprising results that may open new doors. With time, and the help of John Christie (my other Ph.D. mentor), I gained the deep insight that information about the fundamental physics of geological phenomena is found at the smallest scales and stored as microstructures in the rocks. The quest to understand microstructures and a determination not to believe in coincidence …