cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anthroyl stearate as a fluorescent probe of chloroplast membranes

Abstract 1. A reversible light-induced enhancement of the fluorescence of a “hydrophobic fluorophore”, 12-(9-anthroyl)-stearic acid (anthroyl stearate), is observed with chloroplasts supporting phenazine methosulfate, cyclic or 1,1′-ethylene-2,2′-dipyridylium dibromide (Diquat) pseudo-cyclic electron flow; no fluorescence change is observed when methyl viologen or ferricyanide are used as electron acceptors. The stearic acid moiety of anthroyl stearate is important for its localization and fluorescence response in the thylakoid membrane, since structural analogs of anthroyl stearate lacking this group do not show the same response. 2. This effect is decreased under phosphorylating conditions (presence of ADP, P i , Mg 2+ ), and completely inhibited by the uncoupler of phosphorylation NH 4 Cl (5–10 mM), as well as the ionophores nigericin and gramicidin-D (both at 5 · 10 −8 M). The MgCl 2 concentration dependence of the anthroyl stearate enhancement effect is identical to that previously observed for cyclic photophosphorylation, as well as for the formation of a “high energy intermediate”. The anthroyl stearate fluorescence enhancement is inhibited by increasing concentrations of ionophores in parallel with the decrease in ATP synthesis, but is essentially unaffected by specific inhibitors (Dio-9 and phlorizin) of photophosphorylation; thus, it appears that anthroyl stearate monitors a component of the “high energy state” of the thylakoid membrane rather than a terminal phosphorylation step. 3. The light-induced anthroyl stearate fluorescence enhancement is suggested to monitor a proton gradient in the energized chloroplast because (a) similar enhancement can be produced by sudden injection of hydrogen ions in a solution of anthroyl stearate; (b) when the proton gradient is dissipated by gramicidin or nigericin light-induced anthroyl stearate fluorescence is eliminated; (c) when the proton gradient is dissipated by tetraphenylboron, light-induced anthroyl stearate fluorescence decreases, and (d) light-induced anthroyl stearate fluorescence change as a function of pH is qualitatively similar to that observed with other probes for a proton gradient (e.g. 9-aminoacridine). Furthermore, anthroyl stearate does not monitor H + uptake per se because (a) the pH dependence of H + transport is different from that of the anthroyl stearate fluorescence change, and (b) tetraphenylboron, which does not inhibit H + uptake, reduces anthroyl stearate fluorescence. Thus, anthroyl stearate appears to be a useful probe of a proton gradient supported by phenazine methosulfate or Diquat catalyzed electron flow and is the first “non-amine” fluorescence probe utilized for this purpose in chloroplasts.
Trimodal Analysis of Deceptive Behavior

The need arises for developing a more reliable deception detection system to address the shortcomings of the traditional polygraph tests and the dependability on physiological indicators of deceit. This paper describes a new deception detection dataset, provides a novel comparison between three modalities to identify deception including the visual, thermal, and physiological domains, and analyzes whether certain facial areas are more capable of indicating deceit. Our experimental results show a promising performance especially with the thermal modality, and provide guidelines for our data collection process and future work.
Comment on 'Incentives and Outcomes: China's Environmental Policy' (by Jing Wu, Yosheng Deng, Jun Huang, Randall Morck, and Bernard Yeung)

This paper is a comment on "Incentives and Outcomes: China’s Environmental Policy" by Jing Wu, Yongheng Deng, Jun Huang, Randall Morck, and Bernard Yeung which can be found at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2399048.
A novel magnetic countertraction device for endoscopic submucosal dissection significantly reduces procedure time and minimizes technical difficulty.

Background and study aims: In endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), effective countertraction may overcome the current drawbacks of longer procedure times and increased technical demands. The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of ESD using a novel magnetic countertraction device with that of the traditional technique. Methods: Each ESD was performed on simulated gastric lesions of 30 mm diameter created at five different locations. In total, 10 ESDs were performed using this novel device and 10 were performed by the standard technique. Results: The magnetic countertraction device allowed directional tissue manipulation and exposure of the submucosal space. The total procedure time was 605 ± 303.7 seconds in the countertraction group vs. 1082 ± 515.9 seconds in the control group ( P = 0.021). Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using a novel magnetic countertraction device during ESD is technically feasible and enables the operator to dynamically manipulate countertraction such that the submucosal layer is visualized directly. Use of this device significantly reduced procedure time compared with conventional ESD techniques.
Prolapsing Single Orthotopic Ureterocele in a Boy: Case Report

Single orthotopic ureteroceles are uncommon in childhood. A recent case of such a ureterocele causing obstructive symptomatology is presented. A similar case has not been specifically reported previously.
Anticipation Driven Artificial Personality: Building on Lewin and Loehlin

This paper addresses the issue of personality of an animat in terms of anticipation, motivation and emotion. It also discusses some relevant models and theories of personality, and their relation to the consequence driven systems theory. The main result of this work is a fundamental mathematical equation between the emotion, motivation, and behavior. In essence the result can be stated that what motivates an animat behavior is the value of the anticipated emotional consequence of that behavior. Experimental research with an artificial personality architecture is provided, supporting the obtained result.
Interconception Care Opportunities for Mom and Baby

ImportanceInterconception care provides an irreplaceable opportunity to address existing chronic disease and correct maladaptive health behaviors.ObjectiveUtilizing the postpartum visit as an opportunity to improve interconception health and provide education to patients will not only improve the pa
Impact of alcohol and alcohol mixed with energy drinks on non-medical prescription stimulant use in a nationally representative sample of 12th-grade students

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Approximately 30% of high school students use energy drinks. Alcohol use and alcohol mixed with energy drink use (AmED) is associated with risky behavior, including non-medical prescription stimulant use. We assessed alcohol-only, AmED and non-medical prescription stimulant use among 12th grade students in the U.S. using a nationally representative secondary data from the 2012 Monitoring the Future Study. METHODS: Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests and logistic regression analyses were used to determine differences in non-medical prescription stimulant use by students who used alcohol-only versus AmED and to identify covariates of non-medical prescription stimulant use. Pearson-product moment coefficients were used to determine strength of variable relationships. RESULTS: Significant differences were found in frequency of Ritalin (p DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: This study highlights the need to better understand influences on non-medical prescription stimulant, energy drink and AmED use, as the combined effects of stimulants contained in energy drinks and the depressant effects of alcohol appear to be associated with increased non-medical prescription stimulant use. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: Research on the influential factors related to energy drinks, alcohol, and non-medical prescription stimulants will help practitioners to more appropriately design prevention and intervention strategies addressing these high-risk behaviors. (Am J Addict 2016;XX:1-7).© 2016 American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. Language: en
Disturbances of Atrioventricular Conduction

Rather than a series of discrete elements, the AV conduction system is best viewed as a continuum of variably conductive tissues extending from the sinoatrial nodal/atrial junction to the Purkinje network/ventricular muscle cell junction. However, from a practical standpoint, electrophysiologists generally compartmentalize different segments of this continuum to facilitate ease of study and analysis. Consequently, study of normal and abnormal AV conduction involves an analyses of impulse conduction through the 1) sinoatrial node/atria; 2) AV node; 3) His bundle; and) infra-Hisian (His-Purkinje) system/ ventricular myocardium. From a clinical standpoint, conduction disturbances residing below the central fibrous body within the His bundle and His-Purkinje system have the most pathological significance as they are often associated with clinically significant structural heart disease. In selected patients, intracardiac electrophysiology study may assist in the precise localization of the conduction disturbance thereby allowing the identification and differentiation of symptomatic high-risk patients from low-risk patients, especially when non-invasive testing has not proved useful.
Relative Clauses as Definites

The focus of this chapter is the semantics of correlatives. It takes as its point of departure the claim in Chapter V that a relative clause leftadjoined to IP is coindexed with a DP in the main clause and that this instantiates an operator-variable relation. In this chapter the semantics associated with this relation is made explicit. Treating the relative clause as a generalized quantifier and the main clause DP as a variable, I show how the two combine via standard rules of quantification. I also introduce here the phenomena of multiple wh correlatives, structures in which more than one wh expression in the relative clause is coindexed with the corresponding number of demonstratives in the main clause. I show that single wh and multiple wh correlatives have behavior parallel to single wh and multiple wh questions. By extending the semantics for questions developed in Chapter IV, I account for the uniqueness/maximality effects in single wh correlatives and the functional relations in multiple wh correlatives. I then show how tense and aspect impacts upon these interpretations. Finally, I connect correlatives with relative clauses with similar semantics in other languages. The main point I establish in this chapter is that relative clauses in natural language function not only as noun modifiers and appositives but also as definites.
Synthesis of iodine-125 labeled ω-iodoundecenyl cholesteryl ether

Abstract The biologically stable ω-[ 125 I]iodoundecenyl cholesteryl ether has been synthesized via a hydroboration-iodination sequence. The synthesis was used to prepare a high specific activity (no-carrier-added) reagent.
Stochastic Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers

The Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) has received lots of attention recently due to the tremendous demand from large-scale and data-distributed machine learning applications. In this paper, we present a stochastic setting for optimization problems with non-smooth composite objective functions. To solve this problem, we propose a stochastic ADMM algorithm. Our algorithm applies to a more general class of convex and nonsmooth objective functions, beyond the smooth and separable least squares loss used in lasso. We also demonstrate the rates of convergence for our algorithm under various structural assumptions of the stochastic function: O(1/√t)) for convex functions and O(log t/t) for strongly convex functions. Compared to previous literature, we establish the convergence rate of ADMM for convex problems in terms of both the objective value and the feasibility violation. A novel application named Graph-Guided SVM is proposed to demonstrate the usefulness of our algorithm.
A slice of an aluminum particle: Examining grains, strain and reactivity

Micron-scale aluminum (Al) particles are plagued by incomplete combustion that inhibits their reactivity. One approach to improving reactivity is to anneal Al particles to increase dilatational (volumetric) strain which has also been linked to increased combustion performance. While optimal annealing temperatures have been identified (roughly 300 °C), little is known about cooling rate effects on particle combustion performance. This study examines the effect of quenching after annealing Al microparticles to 100, 200 and 300 °C on intra-particle dilatational strain and reactivity. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction analysis of the particles reveals the cooling rates in the range from 0.007 to 0.38 K/s have little effect on the dilatational strain of the aluminum-core, alumina-shell particles. The annealed and quenched Al particles were then combined with a metal oxidizer (copper oxide) to examine reactivity. Flame propagation experiments follow the same trend: flame speeds are unchanged until a critical annealing temperature of 300 °C is reached and performance is maintained for each annealing temperature regardless of cooling rate. These results show that altering the mechanical properties and combustion performance of Al particles is strongly dependent on the annealing temperature and unchanged with variation in cooling rate. The contributions from elastic and plastic deformation mechanisms on strain are also considered and additional experimental results are shown on the microstructure of an Al particle. Focused ion beam milling of an Al particle to electron transparency was combined with transmission electron microscope imaging in order to examine the microstructure of the Al particles. This confirmed that the Al microparticles have a polycrystalline structure shown by grains all exceeding 100 nm in size.
Nonopioid Management of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.

Background:Current standard therapy for moderate to severe neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) includes opioid administration and often results in separation of mother and infant. Impaired maternal–infant bonding and extended neonatal opiate exposure may be associated with adverse developmental outco
Intraday price information flows between the CSI300 and futures market: an application of wavelet analysis

This study investigates linear and nonlinear price information flows between the Chinese Stock Index 300 (CSI300) and futures market using high-frequency data and their wavelet transformed series for three regimes for which stock short-selling restrictions in China are different. Empirical results generally indicate information feedback between these two markets regardless of assumptions of linear and nonlinear causality and regimes for original series and wavelet transformed data at different scales.
Resveratrol may reverse the effects of long-term occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields on workers of a power plant.

// Dan Zhang 1 , Yang Zhang 1 , Baoyu Zhu 1 , He Zhang 1 , Ye Sun 1 and Chengxun Sun 1 1 Electrical Power Research Institute, Jilin Electrical Power Company Limited, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China Correspondence to: Chengxun Sun, email: sunchengxun1614@sohu.com Keywords: ELF-EMFs, high-voltage electricity lines, resveratrol, inflammatory, biomarkers of oxidative stress Received: February 22, 2017 Accepted: April 21, 2017 Published: May 07, 2017 ABSTRACT High-voltage electricity lines are known to generate extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs). With the process of urbanization, increasing concerns has been focused on the potentially hazardous impacts of ELF-EMF on human health, and the conclusions are controversial. Little is known about the method of prevention against ELF-EMF induced healthy problems. A total of 186 male workers with occupational exposure to high-voltage electricity lines, and 154 male subjects with insignificant exposure as reference control were enrolled in this study. Resveratrol or placebo was given as dietary supplements (500 mg twice daily), and several inflammatory biomarkers and biomarkers of oxidative stress were assessed. Workers who had long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines exhibited elevated urinary levels of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG) and F2-isoprostane, compared to the reference group. Lower plasma nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin (IL)-6 were observed in exposed workers compared to the reference group. Resveratrol significantly reversed the adverse impacts of ELF-EMF. Stimulated cytokine production by resveratrol was found in exposed workers but not in the reference group. This study supported that occupational and long-term exposure to high-voltage electricity lines has an adverse effect on homeostasis of human body, and resveratrol supplement could be an effective protection strategy against the adverse effects induced by ELF-EMFs.
Regulatory Fit Improves Fitness for People With Low Exercise Experience

Considering only 20.8% of American adults meet current physical activity recommendations, it is important to examine the psychological processes that affect exercise motivation and behavior. Drawing from regulatory fit theory, this study examined how manipulating regulatory focus and reward structures would affect exercise performance, with a specific interest in investigating whether exercise experience would moderate regulatory fit effects. We predicted that regulatory fit effects would appear only for participants with low exercise experience. One hundred and sixty-five young adults completed strength training exercise tasks (i.e., sit-ups, squats, plank, and wall-sit) in regulatory match or mismatch conditions. Consistent with predictions, only participants low in experience in regulatory match conditions exercised more compared with those in regulatory mismatch conditions. Although this is the first study manipulating regulatory fit in a controlled setting to examine exercise behavior, findings sugge...
Revisiting and extending the role of religious coping in the racism-mental health relation among Christian Asian American students

Despite the prevalent belief to the contrary, Asian Americans are susceptible to experiencing contemporary forms of racism and their deleterious influence on mental health. The present study is an ...
The "Hearts and Minds" Fallacy: Violence, Coercion, and Success in Counterinsurgency Warfare

Debates over how governments can defeat insurgencies ebb and flow with international events, becoming particularly contentious when the United States encounters problems in its efforts to support a counterinsurgent government. Often the United States confronts these problems as a zero-sum game in which the government and the insurgents compete for popular support and cooperation. The U.S. prescription for success has had two main elements: to support liberalizing, democratizing reforms to reduce popular grievances; and to pursue a military strategy that carefully targets insurgents while avoiding harming civilians. An analysis of contemporaneous documents and interviews with participants in three cases held up as models of the governance approach—Malaya, Dhofar, and El Salvador—shows that counterinsurgency success is the result of a violent process of state building in which elites contest for power, popular interests matter little, and the government benefits from uses of force against civilians.
On the Uniqueness or Multiplicity of Physical Theories: A Note on the Margin of the “Sokal Affair”

In the light of the Sokal Hoax affair we reconsider the issues of the cultural meaning of science, and of the effect of culture, philosophy and religion on scientists and scientific theories. Following a comment to the Sokal affair by Steven Weinberg, we consider also the related questions of the objective validity and of the uniqueness or multiplicity of physical theories.
Effective Hamiltonians in Molecular Collisions

Considerable progress has recently been made in the measurement of phenomena dependent on molecular collisions.(1_3) In some cases individual inelastic cross sections have been measured. Both vibrational and rotational states are involved in many experiments. It is anticipated that further detailed experimental studies will be forthcoming. The availability of such new experimental data has stimulated a serious effort to find theoretical methods capable of describing and possibly predicting observable phenomena. The development of effective Hamiltonian (EH) theory is a direct outgrowth of these efforts. The achievement of practical theoretical methods for describing molecular collisions has been an elusive goal over the years. It is the general aim of EH methods to achieve such practicality within a quantum mechanical framework. Other chapters in this two-volume work and elsewhere in the literature describe various other approaches to this problem. It is perhaps in the combining of these various approaches that the most significant progress will be made.
“It’s Just Women’s Lot:” The Role of Gender

Gender shapes the lives of women and men in all societies and this is as true in Dalian today as it is anywhere else. Nevertheless, Dalian women rarely discuss issues of gender and even when specifically asked, often claim that their lives have not been influenced by issues of gender. How do we explain this seeming contradiction? One explanation is that gender inequality does not necessarily seem to be the most salient inequality for all women everywhere at all times (Hershatter 2007). For these women, as we saw in the last chapter, their status first, as rural peasants and then, as rural migrants in the city, may be more important in shaping their lives and their own perspectives. It is not that we need to rank the inequalities in some hierarchical order (Hooks 2000) but rather, recognize that they may become relatively more or less important in different settings or times. Nevertheless, as we will see in this chapter, gender is, indeed important in these women’s lives and has shaped all aspects of their lives, from when they were growing up through marriage and work and into their present family circumstances.
Geography of the LGBT Population

Perhaps more than any other demographic group, the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) population presents challenges associated with interpreting demographic patterns in relation to what is commonly referred to as “the closet.” Regardless of whether this group is measured based on sexual orientation identity, sexual behavior, or sexual attraction, the ongoing social stigma directed toward the LGBT population means that some will be reluctant to identify as LGBT or acknowledge same-sex behaviors or attractions for fear of disclosure and the perceived negative outcomes associated with it. As a result, LGBT demographic analyses must always acknowledge that the patterns apply to the “visible” LGBT population and that there may be differences between that group and those who chose not to disclose.
A Social Robot System for Modeling Children's Word Pronunciation: Socially Interactive Agents Track

Autonomous educational social robots can be used to help promote literacy skills in young children. Such robots, which emulate the emotive, perceptual, and empathic abilities of human teachers, are capable of replicating some of the benefits of one-on-one tutoring from human teachers, in part by leveraging individual student's behavior and task performance data to infer sophisticated models of their knowledge. These student models are then used to provide personalized educational experiences by, for example, determining the optimal sequencing of curricular material. In this paper we introduce an integrated system for autonomously analyzing and assessing children's speech and pronunciation in the context of an interactive word game between a social robot and a child. We present a novel game environment and its computational formulation, an integrated pipeline for capturing and analyzing children's speech in real-time, and an autonomous robot that models children's word pronunciation via Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), augmented with an Active Learning protocol that informs the robot's behavior. We show that the system is capable of autonomously assessing children's pronunciation ability, with ground truth determined by a post-experiment evaluation by human raters. We also compare phoneme- and word-level GPR models and discuss trade-offs of each approach in modeling children's pronunciation. Finally, we describe and analyze a pipeline for automatic analysis of children's speech and pronunciation, including an evaluation of SpeechAce as a tool for future development of autonomous, speech-based language tutors.
Rethinking Community Policing – Collective Efficacy First

For decades now, community policing has been the focus of many training and technical assistance efforts, both within the United States and abroad. The term “Community Era” (Wilson and Kelling 1978) has even been applied to the contemporary field of policing given the emphasis on this approach to police operations and crime prevention. Despite its broad international appeal and logical connection to the urban issues of much of the developing world, there exists dizzying array of evaluation research studies that have produced very mixed results regarding its ability to impact crime, and even fear of crime. Aspects of community policing strategy, such as an emphasis on problem-solving, and many place-based policing strategies have been shown to be very significant in their ability to prevent or reduce crime.
Optimal scheduling and sequencing for large-scale seeding operations

Abstract We consider a scheduling and sequencing optimization problem with application to an agricultural seeding operation. The problem is motivated by potential deployment of a recently proposed mobile seed refilling system in large-scale field operations. In this setting, mobile refiller vehicles are used to minimize any interruptions to seeding that result from the need to refill the seed tanks on the planters. A feature of this refilling system is that the two types of vehicles can move together during the seed transfer operation. The optimization task seeks to determine locations where seed transfer should be initiated, as well as an ordering of visits of refiller vehicles to such locations, such that the total downtime is minimized. In this paper, we consider such an optimization task for the case of multiple planters and a single refiller that, in turn, can refill itself at a single, fixed, off-field location. We rely on a stochastic solution strategy for solving this problem by applying the genetic algorithm to a binary integer programming model that represents the decision of whether to initiate refilling or not at a discrete set of possible locations along each planter path. The results are compared with a conventional static refilling scheme (with no mobile refiller), as well as a greedy (but generally suboptimal) algorithm that produces a unique solution to the selection and ordering of rendezvous locations. The computational analysis provides deep and useful insights to this optimization problem.
DAPAGLIFLOZIN AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND PRIOR MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: A SUB-ANALYSIS FROM DECLARE TIMI-58 TRIAL

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to elucidate protein-protein interactions between tegument proteins of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). To do so, we have cloned and expressed in the LexA yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) two-hybrid system, 13 of the 21 currently known tegument proteins of HSV-1. These included the tegument proteins essential for replication in cell lines, UL17, UL36, UL37, UL48, and UL49, and the nonessential tegument proteins US11, UL11, UL14, UL16, UL21, UL41, UL46, and UL47. A total of 104 combinations were screened in the yeast two-hybrid assay, with 9 interactions identified. These included: UL11-UL16, UL36-UL37, UL36-UL48, UL46-UL48, UL47-UL48, and UL48-UL49. The remaining interactions consisted of self-associations that were observed for US11, UL37, and UL49. The interactions UL36-UL37, UL36-UL48, UL37-UL37, UL46-UL48, and UL47-UL48 have not been previously reported for HSV-1. The interaction of UL46-UL48 was verified using an in vitro pull-down assay. The interactions of UL36-UL37 and UL37-UL37 were verified with a coimmunoprecipitation assay. Knowledge of HSV-1 tegument protein-protein interactions will provide insights into the pathways of tegument assembly, and the identified interactions are potential targets for new antiviral drugs.
Augmented reality visualization of hyperspectral imaging classifications for image-guided brain tumor phantom resection

Wearable augmented reality (AR) is an emerging technology with enormous potential for use in the medical field, from training and procedure simulations to image-guided surgery. Medical AR seeks to enable surgeons to see tissue segmentations in real time. With the objective of achieving real-time guidance, the emphasis on speed produces the need for a fast method for imaging and classification. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a non-contact, optical imaging modality that rapidly acquires hundreds of images of tissue at different wavelengths, which can be used to generate spectral data of the tissue. Combining HSI information and machine-learning algorithms allows for effective tissue classification. In this paper, we constructed a brain tissue phantom with porcine blood, yellow-dyed gelatin, and colorless gelatin to represent blood vessels, tumor, and normal brain tissue, respectively. Using a segmentation algorithm, hundreds of hyperspectral images were compiled to classify each of the pixels. Three segmentation labels were generated from the data, each with a different type of tissue. Our system virtually superimposes the HSI channels and segmentation labels of a brain tumor phantom onto the real scene using the HoloLens AR headset. The user can manipulate and interact with the segmentation labels and HSI channels by repositioning, rotating, changing visibility, and switching between them. All actions can be performed through either hand or voice controls. This creates a convenient and multifaceted visualization of brain tissue in real time with minimal user restrictions. We demonstrate the feasibility of a fast and practical HIS-AR technique for potential use of image-guided brain surgery.
Malocclusion Classification on 3D Cone-Beam CT Craniofacial Images Using Multi-Channel Deep Learning Models *

Analyzing and interpreting cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images is a complicated and often time-consuming process. In this study, we present two different architectures of multi-channel deep learning (DL) models: "Ensemble" and "Synchronized multi-channel", to automatically identify and classify skeletal malocclusions from 3D CBCT craniofacial images. These multi-channel models combine three individual single-channel base models using a voting scheme and a two-step learning process, respectively, to simultaneously extract and learn a visual representation from three different directional views of 2D images generated from a single 3D CBCT image. We also employ a visualization method called "Class-selective Relevance Mapping" (CRM) to explain the learned behavior of our DL models by localizing and highlighting a discriminative area within an input image. Our multi-channel models achieve significantly better performance overall (accuracy exceeding 93%), compared to single-channel DL models that only take one specific directional view of 2D projected image as an input. In addition, CRM visually demonstrates that a DL model based on the sagittal-left view of 2D images outperforms those based on other directional 2D images.Clinical Relevance— the proposed method aims at assisting orthodontist to determine the best treatment path for the patient be it orthodontic or surgical treatment or a combination of both.
Examining the correlates of psychological flexibility in romantic relationship and family dynamics: A meta-analysis

Abstract A growing body of research supports the importance of ACT's therapeutic targets (i.e., dimensions of psychological flexibility and inflexibility) for promoting individual wellbeing. The current systematic review and meta-analysis extended that work by examining how specific dimensions of psychological flexibility and inflexibility are linked to family and romantic relationship functioning. Drawing from the ACT, mindfulness, and emotion regulation literatures, 5006 records were initially identified via PsychInfo, Web of Science, and Google Scholar searches, resulting in a final set of 174 papers representing 203 distinct samples (95 romantic relationship samples, 101 family samples, and 7 samples evaluating both romantic relationship and family functioning), yielding a combined sample of 43,952 total subjects. Although the review was unable to identify sufficient numbers of studies to meta-analyze the relationship and family correlates of a subset of flexibility dimensions (contact with values, committed action, experiential avoidance, fusion, lack of contact with values, inaction), the review identified sufficient studies to meta-analyze the correlates of: acceptance, present moment awareness/mindfulness, cognitive defusion, self-as-context, global flexibility, lack of present moment awareness, self-as-content, and global inflexibility. Correspondingly, a total of 840 effects were extracted from the original studies, ultimately yielding 137 meta-analytic effects (using random effects models) that show a range of effect sizes (−0.51 to 0.61). Within families, higher levels of various forms of parental flexibility were linked to: (1) greater use of adaptive parenting strategies, (2) lower use of lax, (3) harsh, and (4) negative parenting strategies, (5) lower parenting stress/burden, (6) greater corresponding family cohesion, and (7) lower child internalizing and (8) externalizing symptoms. Within romantic relationships, higher levels of various forms of psychological inflexibility were linked to: (1) lower relationship satisfaction for themselves and (2) their partners, (3) lower sexual satisfaction and (4) emotional supportiveness, as well as (5) higher negative conflict, (6) physical aggression, (7) attachment anxiety, and (8) attachment avoidance. Taken as a set, these results suggest that psychological flexibility and inflexibility may play key roles both in couples and families to shape how individuals interact with the people closest to them.
Effect of hot zone infection outbreaks on the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 spread in the community at large

Abstract Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 appears especially effective in “hot zone” locations where individuals interact in close proximity. We present mathematical models describing two types of hot zones. First, we consider a metapopulation model of infection spread where transmission hot zones are explicitly described by independent demes in which the same people repeatedly interact (referred to as “static” hot zones, e.g. nursing homes, food processing plants, prisons, etc.). These are assumed to exists in addition to a “community at large” compartment in which virus transmission is less effective. This model yields a number of predictions that are relevant to interpreting epidemiological patterns in COVID19 data. Even if the rate of community virus spread is assumed to be relatively slow, outbreaks in hot zones can temporarily accelerate initial community virus growth, which can lead to an overestimation of the viral reproduction number in the general population. Further, the model suggests that hot zones are a reservoir enabling the prolonged persistence of the virus at “infection plateaus” following implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions, which has been frequently observed in data. The second model considers “dynamic” hot zones, which can repeatedly form by drawing random individuals from the community, and subsequently dissolve (e.g. restaurants, bars, movie theaters). While dynamic hot zones can accelerate the average rate of community virus spread and can provide opportunities for targeted interventions, they do not predict the occurrence of infection plateaus or other atypical epidemiological dynamics. The models therefore identify two types of transmission hot zones with very different effects on the infection dynamics, which warrants further epidemiological investigations.
Multiscale computational modeling of cancer growth using features derived from microCT images

Advances in medical imaging technologies now allow noninvasive image acquisition from individual patients at high spatiotemporal resolutions. A relatively new effort of predictive oncology is to develop a paradigm for forecasting the future status of an individual tumor given initial conditions and an appropriate mathematical model. The objective of this study was to introduce a comprehensive multiscale computational method to predict cancer and microvascular network growth patterns. A rectangular lattice-based model was designed so different evolutionary scenarios could be simulated and for predicting the impact of diffusible factors on tumor morphology and size. Further, the model allows prediction-based simulation of cell and microvascular behavior. Like a single cell, each agent is fully realized within the model and interactions are governed in part by machine learning methods. This multiscale computational model was developed and incorporated input information from in vivo microscale computed tomography (microCT) images acquired from breast cancer-bearing mice. It was found that as the difference between expansion of the cancer cell population and microvascular network increases, cells undergo proliferation and migration with a greater probability compared to other phenotypes. Overall, multiscale computational model agreed with both theoretical expectations and experimental findings (microCT images) not used during model training.
Introduction to System Health Engineering and Management in Aerospace

This paper provides a technical overview of Integrated System Health Engineering and Management (ISHEM). We define ISHEM as "the paper provides a techniques, and technologies used to design, analyze, build, verify, and operate a system to prevent faults and/or minimize their effects." This includes design and manufacturing techniques as well operational and managerial methods. ISHEM is not a "purely technical issue" as it also involves and must account for organizational, communicative, and cognitive f&ms of humans as social beings and as individuals. Thus the paper will discuss in more detail why all of these elements, h m the technical to the cognitive and social, are necessary to build dependable human-machine systems. The paper outlines a functional homework and architecture for ISHEM operations, describes the processes needed to implement ISHEM in the system life-cycle, and provides a theoretical framework to understand the relationship between the different aspects of the discipline. It then derives from these and the social and cognitive bases a set of design and operational principles for ISHEM.
Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Attachment Styles in Middle Childhood: Indirect Evidence for an Organizational Effect of Sex Hormones

Sex differences in attachment are absent during infancy and early childhood, emerge in middle childhood with self-reports and doll-play tasks, and persist into adulthood, when they are most reliably detected in romantic attachment styles. In our previous work, we hypothesized that sex differences in attachment develop under the influence of adrenal androgens during the transition form early to middle childhood, following activation of hormone-sensitive neural pathways organized by prenatal and early postnatal exposure to sex hormones. In this study we tested the association between the right-hand 2D:4D digit ratio (a marker of early exposure to androgens and estrogen) and sexually differentiated dimensions of attachment in middle childhood assessed with the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ). In a sample of 285 Italian children aged 8–10 years, females scored lower in avoidance and higher in preoccupation, while no significant sex differences were observed in felt security. Consistent with our predictions, higher (feminized) digit ratios were significantly associated with lower avoidance and higher preoccupation scores in both males and females. In contrast, there was no significant association between digit ratio and felt security in either sex. These results corroborate the hypothesis that sex differences in attachment reflect the activation of sexually differentiated pathways organized in early development, and for the first time implicate sex hormones in the development of individual differences in attachment styles.
Accounting for Scale-Dependent Correlation in the Spatial Prediction of Soil Properties

This paper compares the prediction performances of three multivariate algorithms that allow the incorporation of secondary information that is known at all locations to be estimated (linear regression, simple krig-ing with varying local means derived from the secondary attribute, kriging with an external drift) and the more general cokriging with one or two un-biasedness constraints. A case study shows that cokriging performs better than the three other algorithms, in particular when a single unbiasedness constraint is considered. For all methods, the prediction error is reduced by replacing the raw measurements of the secondary variable (topsoil Co) by their regional components, which are estimated using factorial kriging, because of their better correlation with the primary variable (topsoil Cu).
A mass-tolerant database search identifies a large proportion of unassigned spectra in shotgun proteomics as modified peptides

Fewer than half of all tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) spectra acquired in shotgun proteomics experiments are typically matched to a peptide with high confidence. Here we determine the identity of unassigned peptides using an ultra-tolerant Sequest database search that allows peptide matching even with modifications of unknown masses up to ± 500 Da. In a proteome-wide data set on HEK293 cells (9,513 proteins and 396,736 peptides), this approach matched an additional 184,000 modified peptides, which were linked to biological and chemical modifications representing 523 distinct mass bins, including phosphorylation, glycosylation and methylation. We localized all unknown modification masses to specific regions within a peptide. Known modifications were assigned to the correct amino acids with frequencies >90%. We conclude that at least one-third of unassigned spectra arise from peptides with substoichiometric modifications.
Peptides from purified soybean β-conglycinin inhibit fatty acid synthase by interaction with the thioesterase catalytic domain.

Fatty acid synthase (FAS) is uniquely expressed at high levels in cancer cells and adipose tissue. The objectives of this study were to identify, purify and validate soy FAS inhibitory peptides and to predict their binding modes. Soy peptides were isolated from hydrolysates of purified beta-conglycinin by co-immunoprecipitation and identified using LC-MS/MS. Three peptides, KNPQLR, EITPEKNPQLR and RKQEEDEDEEQQRE, inhibited FAS. The biological activity of these peptides was confirmed by their inhibitory activity against purified chicken FAS (IC(50) = 79, 27 and 16 mum, respectively) and a high correlation (r = -0.7) with lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The FAS inhibitory potency of soy peptides also correlated with their molecular mass, pI value and the number of negatively charged and hydrophilic residues. Molecular modeling predicted that the large FAS inhibitory peptides (EITPEKNPQLR and RKQEEDEDEEQQRE) bond to the thioesterase domain of human FAS with lower interaction energies (-442 and -353 kcal.mol(-1), respectively) than classical thioesterase inhibitors (Orlistat, -91 kcal.mol(-1) and C75, -51 kcal.mol(-1)). Docking studies suggested that soy peptides blocked the active site through interactions within the catalytic triad, the interface cavity and the hydrophobic groove in the human FAS thioesterase domain. FAS thioesterase inhibitory activities displayed by the synthetic soy peptides EITPEKNPQLR and RKQEEDEDEEQQRE (IC(50) = 10.1 +/- 1.6 and 10.7 +/- 4.4 mum, respectively) were higher than C75 (58.7 mum) but lower than Orlistat (0.9 mum). This is the first study to identify FAS inhibitory peptides from purified beta-conglycinin hydrolysates and predict their binding modes at the molecular level, leading to their possible use as nutraceuticals.
An Empirical Investigation of an Evolutionary Algorithm's Ability to Maintain a Known Good Solution

We analyze the disruptiveness of four operators in an evolutionary algorithm(EA) solving a grammar induction problem. The EA in question contains mutation, crossover, inversion, and substitution operators. Grammars are encoded on genotypes in a representation which includes variable-length introns. A repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) with four factors, the four operators' rates, is used. It is discovered that crossover and mutation rates interact, meaning that their effects on the EA's performance when used together are more than the sum of their individual effects. This suggests that operators should be studied in combination, instead of in isolation.
Individualism and the Unity of Science: Essays on Reduction, Explanation, and the Special Sciences

Individualism and the Unity of Science: Essays on Reduction, Explanation, and the Special Sciences. Harold Kincaid. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 1997. 164 pp.
Melanoacanthoma of the oral mucosa.

Abstract The melanoacanthoma is a benign tumor consisting of proliferating keratinocytes and melanocytes. The literature contains reports of only twenty cases, none of them intraoral. We report a case of a melanoacanthoma in the buccal mucosa of a 9-year-old black girl. Data are presented to suggest the existence of the melanoacanthoma as a distinct entity.
Photothermal bleaching and recovery analysis in photoacoustic microscopy

A novel method – photoacoustic recovery after photothermal bleaching (PRAP) – is proposed and implemented to study particle dynamics and medium properties at the micron scale via photoacoustic imaging. PRAP is an intuitive way to visualize as well as quantify dynamic processes in many kinds of media. We demonstrate PRAP first in a phantom study, and then in live cells. PRAP provides high signal-to-noise ratio imaging with minimal bleaching-induced artifacts during the recovery stage, ideal for monitoring the diffusive and kinetic phenomena inside a cell.
Magnetic field effects on the photohemolysis of human erythrocytes by ketoprofen and protoporphyrin IX.

— Application of a static external magnetic field (3350 G) during UV-irradiation (>300 nm) reduced the time for 50% photohemolysis of human erythrocytes by the phototoxic drug ketoprofen (3-benzoyl-α-methylbenzoacetic acid) from 96 min to 78 min. This observation can be attributed to a magnetic field induced decrease in the rate of intersystem crossing (kISC) of the geminate triplet radical pair generated by the reduction of ketoprofen in its triplet excited state by erythrocyte membrane constituents, probably lipids. The decrease in kJSC results in an increase in the concentration and/or lifetime of free radicals that escape from the triplet radical pair. Thus the critical radical concentration needed to cause membrane damage and cell lysis is reached sooner in the presence of the magnetic field. In contrast, the photohemolysis induced by the photodynamic agent protoporphyrin IX was not affected by the magnetic field. Protoporphyrin IX photohemolysis, which is initiated by singlet oxygen, does not involve the initial generation of a triplet radical pair and so is not influenced by the magnetic field. The enhancement of ketoprofen-induced photohemolysis by an externally applied magnetic field is the first example of a magnetic field effect on a toxicological process involving free radicals.