cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The forced motion of a flag

The prevailing view of the dynamics of flapping flags is that the onset of motion is caused by temporal instability of the initial planar state. This view is re-examined by considering the linearized two-dimensional motion of a flag immersed in a high-Reynolds-number flow and taking account of forcing by a ‘street’ of vortices shed periodically from its cylindrical pole. The zone of nominal instability is determined by analysis of the self-induced motion in the absence of shed vorticity, including the balance between flag inertia, bending rigidity, varying tension and fluid loading. Forced motion is then investigated by separating the flag deflection into ‘vortex-induced’ and ‘self’ components. The former is related directly to the motion that would be generated by the shed vortices if the flag were absent. This component serves as an inhomogeneous forcing term in the equation satisfied by the ‘self’ motion. It is found that forced flapping is possible whenever the Reynolds number based on the pole diameter ReD ≳ 100, such that a wake of distinct vortex structures is established behind the pole. Such conditions typically prevail at mean flow velocities significantly lower than the critical threshold values predicted by the linear theory. It is therefore argued that analyses of the onset of flag motion that are based on ideal, homogeneous flag theory are incomplete and that consideration of the pole-induced fluid flow is essential at all relevant wind speeds.
Impact of adding a single allele in the 9p21 locus to traditional risk factors on reclassification of coronary heart disease risk and implications for lipid-modifying therapy in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study.

Background— A single-nucleotide polymorphism on chromosome 9p21, rs10757274 (9p21 allele), has been shown to predict coronary heart disease (CHD) in whites. We evaluated whether adding the 9p21 allele to traditional risk factors (RFs) improved CHD risk prediction in whites from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study and whether changes in risk prediction would modify lipid therapy recommendations. Methods and Results— Whites (n=9998) in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study for whom the 9p21 genotype and traditional RF information was available were included. Using Cox proportional hazards models, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Cardiovascular Risk Score, which is based on traditional RFs, was determined. A total of 1349 individuals (13.5%) developed incident CHD events during a period of 14.6 years. Adding the 9p21 allele to traditional RFs was associated with a hazard ratio of incident CHD of 1.2 per allele ( P 5% to ≤10% 10-year CHD risk) and intermediate-high (>10% to ≤20% 10-year CHD risk) categories, with 12.1% and 12.6% reclassified, respectively. This may impact therapy because 90% of these reclassified individuals had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol >100 mg/dL. Conclusion— Adding the 9p21 allele to traditional RFs in whites in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study modestly improved CHD risk prediction in the intermediate categories. Received August 27, 2008; accepted April 20, 2009. # CLINICAL PERSPECTIVE {#article-title-2}
HIV/AIDS Education Needs Assessment: A Comparative Study of Jail and Prison Inmates in Northwest Florida:

To ascertain HIV/AIDS knowledge levels and the education needs of inmates in four jails and two state prisons in northwest Florida, a needs assessment instrument was administered on-site. Because prison inmates receive HIV/AIDS education at intake, it was hypothesized that this group would have greater knowledge levels than jail inmates. On the whole, knowledge levels were good in both groups, with prison inmates scoring somewhat better than jail inmates. Of the 24 items on the questionnaire, only six questions resulted in statistically significant differences. Of these, three were questions representing high-risk situations, two were low-risk situations, and one represented a no-risk or minimal-risk situation. Item analysis of the questions on which there were lower percentages of correct answers or a somewhat large percentage of not sure responses resulted in the conclusion that HIV/AIDS education needs to focus more on discriminating between differing levels of risk and identifying appropriate behavior...
The Axiom of Constructibility

Before reading this chapter, the reader should go back and reread Sections 2.2 and 2.3 of Chapter 2, where we developed the concept of the set-theoretic hierarchy, 〉Vα ∣ α ∈ On〉.
Fast-Food and Full-Service Restaurant Consumption Among Children and Adolescents: Effect on Energy, Beverage, and Nutrient Intake

Objective To examine the effect of fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption on total energy intake, dietary indicators, and beverage consumption. Design Individual-level fixed-effects estimation based on 2 nonconsecutive 24-hour dietary recalls. Setting Nationally representative data from the 2003-2004, 2005-2006, and 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Participants Children aged 2 to 11 years (n = 4717) and adolescents aged 12 to 19 years (n = 4699). Main Outcome Measures Daily total energy intake in kilocalories; intake of grams of sugar, total fat, saturated fat, and protein and milligrams of sodium; and total grams of sugar-sweetened beverages, regular soda, and milk consumed. Results Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption, respectively, was associated with a net increase in daily total energy intake of 126.29 kcal and 160.49 kcal for children and 309.53 kcal and 267.30 kcal for adolescents and with higher intake of regular soda (73.77 g and 88.28 g for children and 163.67 g and 107.25 g for adolescents) and sugar-sweetened beverages generally. Fast-food consumption increased intake of total fat (7.03-14.36 g), saturated fat (1.99-4.64 g), and sugar (5.71-16.24 g) for both age groups and sodium (396.28 mg) and protein (7.94 g) for adolescents. Full-service restaurant consumption was associated with increases in all nutrients examined. Additional key findings were (1) adverse effects on diet were larger for lower-income children and adolescents and (2) among adolescents, increased soda intake was twice as large when fast food was consumed away from home than at home. Conclusion Fast-food and full-service restaurant consumption is associated with higher net total energy intake and poorer diet quality.
Production and fates of unique organelles (transosomes) in ovarian follicles of Gallus domesticus under various conditions.

Electron microscopy has been utilized to determine fates of sacs of ribosomes (variously termed “transosomes”, “unique organelles”, or “lining bodies”) formed in the follicular cells of avian follicles and subsequently entering-or being taken in-by the oocytes. Small follicles (0.5 mm diameter) of laying hens, a hen afflicted with Marek's disease and prelaying pullets were examined in this regard. In the case of the hen with Marek's disease and the prelaying pullets, sacs of ribosomes were found to be present within the oocyte but those present in the interior of the cell were in the form of digestive vacuoles. In a fourth group of hens, receiving actinomycin D, larger oocytes (2.0 mm diameter) exhibited breakdown of the membranous vesicles in which the sacs of ribosomes entered the oocyte, as well as dissolution of membranes surrounding the forming yolk granules and the membranes of coated vesicles. Annulate lamellae were present in oocytes of the hen afflicted with Marek's disease and appeared within at least 24 hours in oocytes from hens receiving actinomycin D.
Beyond the Cancer Cell: Progression-Level Determinants Highlight the Multiscale Nature of Carcinogenesis Risk

Over the last several decades, improved awareness of the prevalence of carcinogens in the environment, along with a growing appreciation of the complexity of the carcinogenesis process, has shifted policy on cancer risk from one of strict avoidance of carcinogens to one of adherence to exposure limits deemed "safe" based on quantitative risk estimation. Meanwhile, given the mutagenic nature of most carcinogens, attention has gravitated to developing a genetic rationale for measuring and comparing risks. This focus has culminated in the now well-established multistage mutational paradigm, which holds that a stepwise sequence of mutations drives cell "initiation" and the subsequent "transformation" of an initiated cell into a cancer cell, and that, once created, a cancer cell will inevitably undergo "progression" to become overt disease. Unanticipated by this paradigm is the effect progression-phase population- and tissue-level bottleneck events may have on this process. Attesting to this is the prevalence of tumor dormancy, a state of arrested growth of an otherwise fully malignant, often microscopic cancer mass, maintained by interactions among cancer cells and between cancer and host cells. The proper inclusion of such progression-modifying influences would clearly behoove risk estimation and improve our understanding of the natural history of cancer by accounting for the less-than-certain risk of eventual cancer disease even when cancer cells are present. Such an improved understanding, in turn, stands to better inform policy-making and influence such clinical practice decisions as whether to treat the increasingly smaller tumors detectable with advancing technologies.
Upsilon spectroscopy: Recent CUSB-II results

Abstract We review the most recent results taken with the CUSB-II BGO electromagnetic calorimeter on the ϒ resonances. New results include precision values for Bμμ, the fine structure splitting, searches for light Higgs and the first evidence for the production of strange B mesons.
IRAK1b, a novel alternative splice variant of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase (IRAK), mediates interleukin-1 signaling and has prolonged stability.

Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pleiotropic cytokine essential for initiation of the immune response to infections and stress. IL-1 interacts with its type I receptor (IL-1RI) and triggers a number of intracellular signaling cascades leading to activation of transcription factors, transcriptional up-regulation of target genes, and mRNA stabilization. IL-1RI-associated kinase-1 (IRAK1) is a membrane proximal serine-threonine kinase involved in IL-1 signaling that becomes phosphorylated and progressively degraded in response to IL-1 induction. We have identified a novel variant of IRAK1, which we have named IRAK1b, that arises from the use of an alternative 5′-acceptor splice site defined by sequence within exon 12 of IRAK1. IRAK1b mRNA exhibits wide tissue expression and is evolutionarily conserved in both mouse and human. IRAK1b can activate the transcription factor nuclear factor κB and interacts with the IL-1 signaling factors Toll-interacting protein and tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6. It forms homodimers and heterodimers with the previously described isoform of IRAK1. We show that the IRAK1b protein is kinase-inactive and that, unlike IRAK1, its levels remain constant after IL-1 induction. The presence of an alternative splice variant of IRAK1, which is functionally active and highly stable following IL-1 stimulation, adds further complexity to the control mechanisms that govern IL-1 signaling.
Fc epsilon RII/CD23: the low affinity receptor for IgE.

Synthese des donnees recentes sur le recepteur des IgE a faible affinite (FceRII). Les deux autres types de proteines de liaison des IgE ― le recepteur a affinite elevee et les facteurs de liaison des IgE produits par les lymphocytes sont abordes uniquement pour leurs relations potentielles avec le FceRII ou la forme soluble du FceRII. Les fonctions du FceRII sont d'une part un recepteur d'immunoglobuline et d'autre part un facteur de croissance et de differenciation des lymphocytes B
Strange Decays and New Physics

We consider the rare decays KL → μe, K+ → π+ μe and KL → e+e- in the context of extended technicolor and multiple Higgs theories. Longitudinal polarization in KL → μμ is presented as a sensitive test for flavor-changing neutral scalars with CP-violating couplings. The measured b-quark lifetime constraints the KM angles s2 and 3, leading to improved bounds on the decay K+ → π+νν in the standard model. A measurement of this rare decay would test the radiative neutral current structure of the standard model, and would also provide a sensitive probe of new physics.
Measuring Temporal Patterns in Dynamic Social Networks

Given social networks over time, how can we measure network activities across different timesteps with a limited number of metrics? We propose two classes of dynamic metrics for assessing temporal evolution patterns of agents in terms of persistency and emergence. For each class of dynamic metrics, we implement it using three different temporal aggregation models ranging from the most commonly used Average Aggregation Model to more the complex models such as the Exponential Aggregation Model. We argue that the problem of measuring temporal patterns can be formulated using Recency and Primacy effect, which is a concept used to characterize human cognitive processes. Experimental results show that the way metrics model Recency--Primacy effect is closely related to their abilities to measure temporal patterns. Furthermore, our results indicate that future network agent activities can be predicted based on history information using dynamic metrics. By conducting multiple experiments, we are also able to find an optimal length of history information that is most relevant to future activities. This optimal length is highly consistent within a dataset and can be used as an intrinsic metric to evaluate a dynamic social network.
The Process of Photosynthesis The Light Reactions

The oxidation of foodstuffs to carbon dioxide and water provides the energy required by all aerobic cells to maintain their state of life and to grow. Energy stored in these foodstuffs is lost irreversibly as heat as the work of life is performed. But since the foodstuffs themselves were once parts of living cells, eventually all living matter reverts to carbon dioxide, water, and ammonia or free nitrogen. To prevent life from consuming itself, the energy-bearing compounds must be regenerated, which requires an input of external energy at least equal to that lost as heat. The only source of readily available external energy for living systems on earth is the sun. Given the appropriate mechanisms for performing the process, light energy can be converted to electrical or chemical energy. However, cells in the animal kingdom do not have this capacity. Plant cells, on the other hand, because they contain photosynthetic structures, can accomplish this feat. Chlorophyll-bearing cells are the primary* sector of the earth’s population that are capable of production, in this sense, and they alone enable all cells in the animal kingdom to exist. Green plant cells can synthesize their fabric de novo from carbon dioxide, water, and other inorganic compounds. Thus, they are autotrophic (self-fed, requiring no organic matter for growth), whereas all other cells are heterotrophic (fed by others, requiring preformed organic matter for growth]. Plant cells accumulate energy, whereas others dissipate it. The synthesis of carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water, with the aid of sunlight, is without doubt the most fundamental of all biological activities.
STIFFNESS FOLLOWING SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY: TO MANIPULATE OR NOT

Abstract Shoulder arthroplasty is considered the gold standard for treatment of end stage glenohumeral arthritis in select patients. This procedure routinely achieves excellent clinical outcomes for most patients, and fortunately complications are rare. Post-surgical stiffness is one such complication, which can be difficult to appropriately manage clinically. Causes include a preoperative diagnosis of proximal humerus fracture, infection, inadequate postoperative rehabilitation, and implant-related factors such as malpositioning. When nonoperative modalities such as physical therapy and corticosteroid injections fail, surgical options include glenohumeral debridement, subacromial decompression, and capsular release with or without manipulation.
Calculating FT-values for heat preservation of shelf-stable, low-acid canned foods using the straight-line semilogarithmic model

This is a review paper illustrating how the heat process FT-value for low-acid canned foods can be estimated using measured values of the numbers and resistance of the spoilage organisms and an appropriate model. Heat process FT-values are calculated using the straight-line semilogarithmic model for preservation against public health, mesophilic spore economic and thermophilic spore economic spoilage. The microbiological characteristics of each type of preservation hazard are reviewed. Several appropriate values of DT and N0 are used in the illustration calculations of FT. The presentation is summarized graphically by placing the FT-value lines calculated using the model for preservation against public health, mesophilic spore and thermophilic spore hazards all on the same graph. This gives a visual picture of the relative magnitude of the FT-value for the different types of spoilage hazard.
Changes in Body Mass Related to Capture in the Prairie Deer Mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus)

We examined the effect of a single live-trap capture on body mass of deer mice ( Peromyscus maniculatus ) by comparing body mass of individuals observed in artificial burrows (no capture stress) with body mass recorded <24 h later following a single capture in a live trap. Nearly 90% of our 374 observations showed changes in body mass, and 90% of these 336 changes were losses in body mass. Changes in body mass were affected by age, gender, season of capture, and reproductive condition of adult females. Abiotic factors also affected changes in body mass of mice in traps. Subsequent observations of individuals in burrows suggested that body mass changes due to trap confinement were short-term impacts, as differences found in body mass between consecutive observations of adult deer mice in artificial burrows did not differ significantly from zero. However, numerical differences in mass between burrow observations were directly related to initial mass lost in live traps.
Synthesis of Inorganic Tubes under Actively Controlled Growth Velocities and Injection Rates

We describe an experiment that establishes control over the growth velocities of macroscopic tubes in the reaction between a polymerizable inorganic anion and a nonalkali metal ion. Our approach is demonstrated for the injection of an acidic cupric sulfate solution into a large volume of a basic sodium silicate solution. The forming tube is pinned to a gas bubble that is held at the end of a hollow glass rod. The tube’s linear growth follows the speed of the glass rod (0.5–11 mm/s), while its radius (0.2–1.6 mm) is self-selected according to the volume conservation of the injected solution. Depending on the experimental conditions, tube growth occurs at either the moving gas bubble or the stationary glass capillary. Oscillatory modulations of the growth velocity provoke the formation of hollow nodules on the outer tube surface. These nodules form after each rapid velocity decrease at exponentially decaying rates and seem to be energetically favored over a sudden isotropic increase in tube radius.
The Challenge of Directional Networking

Directional antennas are a means of increasing the capacity of mobile ad hoc wireless networks. A model for evaluating the potential benefits of directional networking is formulated. A number of case studies are discussed. Conditions under which directional antennas should increase the capacity of a network are summarized. Other conditions, under which the introduction of directional antennas necessarily degrades performance, are also summarized. Additional problems which the network layer must solve in order to realize the benefits of directional networking are considered.
Monocyte metabolic activation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

SummaryMonocytes isolated from patients with active rheumatoid arthritis had elevated hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) levels. Metabolic activity of blood monocytes incubated with rheumatoid sera was assessed by measuring hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP) levels. Sera from patients with rheumatoid arthritis enhanced HMP shunt activity of normal monocytes. These findings suggest that blood monocytes may be activated by circulating components present in rheumatoid sera.
Sensory Structures on the Venom Apparatus of a Primitive Ant Species

Mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors are found primarily at 8 distinct locations in the venom apparatus of Paraponera clavata . Receptors are in the form variously arranged sensilla campaniformia, placodea, trichodea and basiconica and apparently function in sting manipulation and detection of a victim.
Metabolic and work capacity of skeletal muscle of PFK-deficient dogs studied in situ

Mechanical and metabolic relationships of muscle lacking phosphofructokinase (PFKD) activity were compared with muscle having normal phosphofructokinase (NORM) activity by using the gastrocnemius-plantaris muscle group with isolated circulation in situ. Muscle contractile properties were similar in both groups. Initial power output (W) during repetitive tetanic (200 ms, 50 impulses/s) isotonic contractions was similar in both groups; however, W declined significantly more (30–80%) in PFKD than in NORM muscle over time, with a constant O2 uptake (VO2)/W. Despite similar O2 and substrate delivery, PFKD muscle had a lower VO2 (42–55%), less glucose uptake, similar free fatty acid uptake, and lactic acid uptake rather than output, during contractions. Muscle venous H+ concentration, strong ion difference, and PCO2 increased during contractions, the magnitude of change being smaller in PFKD muscle. Elevating arterial lactate concentration before contractions in PFKD muscle resulted in significant improvements ...
Apparitions Can Be Deceptive: Vernon Lee’s Androgynous Spectres

What might be thought of as the dominant tradition of nineteenthcentury criticism in art and literature is a tradition which takes ‘seeing clearly’ as its prime metaphor and method for the achievement of the critical objectivity which is its declared ideal. For Ruskin, ‘the greatest thing a human soul ever does in this world is to see something, and tell what it saw in a plain way. ... To see clearly is poetry, prophecy, and religion, — all in one’ (Ruskin 1983, 15). And more famously, for Matthew Arnold, the function of criticism was ‘to see the object as in itself it really is’ (Arnold 1970, 130); the artist should ‘see life steadily and see it whole’ (Arnold 1972, 149), and he should pursue ‘sweetness and light’ (1994). What poet and critic should try to achieve is a ‘total impression’, not ‘detached expressions ... [or] a shower of isolated thoughts and images’ (Arnold 1972, 32–3). This reliance on ‘seeing’ speaks of a faith in sense impressions, that what is perceived by the senses, primarily by sight, is what is actually there. The solidity and reliability of the real world is guaranteed by sense impressions, and in the arts, especially narrative and pictorial arts, there is the belief that seeing is knowing. This tendency in criticism is intimately related to realist modes of representation.
Phase and structural stability in Ni-Al systems from first principles

We report on a comprehensive first-principles study of phase stability in the Ni-Al binary, both at zero Kelvin and at finite temperature. First-principles density functional theory calculations of the energies of enumerated orderings on fcc and the sublattices of B2 not only predict the stability of known phases, but also reveal the stability of a family of ordered phases that combine features of $\mathrm{L}{1}_{2}$ and $\mathrm{L}{1}_{0}$ in different ratios to adjust their overall composition. The calculations also confirm the stability of vacancy ordered B2 derivatives that are stable in the Al-rich half of the phase diagram. We introduce strain order parameters to systematically analyze instabilities with respect to the Bain path connecting the fcc and bcc lattices. Many unstable orderings on both fcc and bcc are predicted around compositions of ${x}_{\text{Ni}}=0.625$, where a martensitic phase transformation is known to occur. Cluster expansion techniques together with Monte Carlo simulations were used to calculate a finite-temperature-composition phase diagram of the Ni-Al binary. The calculated phase diagram together with an analysis of Bain instabilities reveals the importance of anharmonicity in determining the phase bounds between the B2 based $\ensuremath{\beta}$ phase and the $\mathrm{L}{1}_{2}$ based ${\ensuremath{\gamma}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phase, as well as properties related to martensitic transformations that are observed upon quenching Ni-rich $\ensuremath{\beta}$.
A COMPARATIVE IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL STUDY OF MULTICYSTIC RENAL DYSPLASIA, FETAL AND EMBRYONIC KIDNEYS AND INFANTILE CONTROLS

Objective: Multicystic renal dysplasia (MRD) causes perinatal mortality and infantile renal failure. Dysplastic kidneys contain dilated tubules surrounded by immature mesenchyme, cartilage, muscle and nerve. Several growth and transcription factors are implicated in renal development in animal models, but there are very few human studies so far. Method: We selected 20 autopsies with MRD, 17 controls and 19 fetal–embryonic kidneys (gestations between 3.5 and 19 weeks). Immunohistochemical staining with Pax2, transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), BLC2, and β-catenin were localised and quantified. Results: Pax2 stained the nuclei of dysplastic tubular epithelium and subcapsular non-dysplastic tubules, the nephrogenic zone and proximal tubules of controls and was strongly positive in the nephrogenic zone and some tubules in fetal kidneys. The intensity of staining decreased with age. Pax2 was not detected in mature glomeruli. TGFβ staining was negative in MRD, controls and fetuses–embryos. BCL2 stained the cytoplasm of dysplastic tubules. In controls, it was positive in the nephrogenic zone, proximal tubules and medulla. In fetal kidney, the subcapsular staining formed a cap around S-shaped bodies. β-Catenin exhibited membranous staining in dysplastic tubules and some subcapsular non-dysplastic tubules. It was seen in the nephrogenic zone and medulla of controls and in fetal tubules and glomeruli. Conclusions: Pax2, BCL2 and β-catenin are expressed in dysplastic tubular epithelium and even stronger in the nephrogenic zone of fetal and infantile kidneys; renal mesenchyme is negative in normal and dysplastic kidneys. In controls, the intensity of Pax2 staining decreases as the kidney matures. TGFβ is not expressed in MRD, controls or fetal–embryonal kidneys.
Influences of Age, Obesity, and Adverse Drug Effects on Balance and Mobility Testing Scores in Ambulatory Older Adults.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The adverse effects of drugs may influence results on tests of mobility and balance, but the drug-specific impact is not identified when using these tests. We propose that a quantitative drug index (QDI) will assist in assessing fall risk based on these tests, when combined with other fall risk variables. METHODS Fifty-seven community-dwelling older adults who could walk independently on a treadmill and had Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores equal to or greater than 24 participated. Mobility and balance outcome measures included the Balance Evaluation Systems Test (BESTest), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and cognitive dual task TUG (TUGc). Fall history, current drug list, and Activity-Specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale scores were also collected. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. The QDI was derived from the drug list for each individual, and based on fall-related drug adverse effects. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted using age, BMI, and QDI as predictor variables for determining mobility and balance test scores, and ABC scale scores. Subsequently, participants were divided into (QDI = 0) low-impact drug group (LIDG) and (QDI > 0) high-impact drug group (HIDG) for Mann-Whitney 2-group comparisons. RESULTS Age, BMI, and QDI were all significant (P < .001) independent variables in multiple regression analyses for mobility and balance test scores, but not for the ABC scale. Separately, the 2 group comparisons for the BESTest, BBS, TUG, and TUGc demonstrated that HIDG scored significantly (P < .05) worse on these tests compared with the LIDG. Drug counts were also significantly higher for the HIDG than for the LIDG. In contrast, age, BMI, MMSE, and reported falls in the last 12 months were not significantly different between groups. CONCLUSION Age, BMI, and QDI-all contributed independently to the mobility and balance test scores examined, and may provide health care professionals a screening tool to determine whether additional mobility and balance testing is required. In addition, the QDI is a more precise marker of adverse effects of drugs compared with drug counts, as the latter does not quantitate the influence of drugs on physiologic function.
A qualitative meta-analysis of apologia, image repair, and crisis communication: Implications for theory and practice

Abstract This qualitative meta-analysis examines thirty years of the apologia , image repair and crisis communication literature. We analyzed 110 articles across 51 peer-reviewed journals from 1986 to 2016 to determine any themes or patterns in the strategies used by organizations and/or individuals facing crises or threatened reputations. Our analysis found that corrective action is the most successful and third most common strategy, particularly when paired with another strategy, such as reducing the offensiveness or bolstering. Denial, in contrast, is the least successful strategy, particularly when paired with evasion of responsibility, or reducing the offensiveness. Yet denial was the most frequently used strategy. Our analysis also uncovered mitigating factors that help shape success or failure, including one’s guilt or innocence, remaining silent, potential legal action, the scope of the crisis, and promptness in responding. Theoretical implications include a broader understanding of strategies people choose as well as intersecting contexts and factors that determine success or failure. Practical implications center on helping practitioners better utilize image repair strategies.
Thermoelectric Performance and Defect Chemistry in n-Type Zintl KGaSb4

The rise of high-throughput calculations has accelerated the discovery of promising classes of thermoelectric materials. In prior work, we identified the n-type Zintl pnictides as one such material class. To date, however, a lack of detailed defect calculations and chemical intuition has led the community to investigate p-type Zintls almost exclusively. Here, we investigate the synthesis, thermoelectric properties, and defect structure of the complex Zintl KGaSb4. We find that KGaSb4 is successfully doped n-type with Ba and has the potential for p-type doping with Zn. Our calculations reveal the fundamental defect structure in KGaSb4 that enables n-type and p-type doping. We find that Ba doped KGaSb4 exhibits high electronic mobility (∼50 cm2V–1s–1) and near minimum lattice thermal conductivity ( 0.9 at 400 °C, promising for a previously unstudied material. We also briefly investigate the series of alloys between KGaSb4 and KAlSb4, finding th...
Reflections on Jackson Katz and the MVP Program.

This article offers reflections on the article “Bystander Training as Leadership Training: Notes on the Origins, Philosophy and Pedagogy of the Mentors in Violence Prevention Model” by Jackson Katz...
Advancing and Assessing Public Service Values in Professional Programs: The Case of the Hauptmann School’s Master of Public Affairs Program

AbstractThe 21st century is a period of extraordinary change. This paper presents the case of the Master of Public Affairs (MPA) program as a values-based graduate professional degree program and argues that a values-based curriculum grounds students in public service values and provides key preparation as they assume their professional roles in changing times.1 While during the 20th century many public administration scholars eschewed values in favor of positivism, as we discuss, history has demonstrated that values (expressed and unexpressed) in public organizations have real social and political consequences of profound significance.
Concerning Aron Gurwitsch

Were Aron Gurwitsch to be asked what kind of philosophical statement about him he would prefer to be made after his death, I am convinced that he would say that he wanted his philosophical views reported—just that; reported and discussed. I believe that by philosophical discussion he would have meant critical but informed discussion: serious, fundamental, well-grounded analysis of his views, based primarily on his writings, his teaching in and out of the classroom, his correspondence, and the most judicious and exacting reports of his philosophical conversation. What he would not want is easily stated: anecdotal, purely biographical, impressionistic accounts of his life and thought. I am not convinced that I can either meet or agree completely with Gurwitsch’s wishes or preferences on this occasion. Although I honor, let alone respect, his wishes, I have my rights too! And I consider it within my rights to go against the preferences of my subject—at least occasionally. Largely, I shall reserve a more nearly personal statement of my feeling to serve as a brief coda. But even now I face a decision whether to report what I consider to be a small story relevant to Gurwitsch’s character as well as his philosophical method.
Programming personal robots within an introductory computer science course for engineering majors

This paper presents teaching modules for personal robot programming developed to help make introductory computer science more relevant for first-year engineering majors. The modules provide early exposure to the entrepreneurial mindset through student collaboration; creative thinking for ambiguous problems; learning and persisting through failure; and identifying societal needs. Survey results suggest robots as a context for programming can increase interest of engineering majors in computer science and help them retain confidence in their abilities as engineers.
Tips for Safer, More Effective, and More Comfortable Periocular Anesthetic Injections and Sedation

Whenever possible utilize a Luer-Lock syringe and inject slowly with even, non-excessive force to avoid accidental needle expulsion and potential globe injury.
THEORETICAL OVERVIEW - EMPHASIS ON NEW MECHANISMS

Some non-phonon electron pairing mechanisms involving d- electrons are examined. The electron-hole lattice interaction originally proposed for CuCl is shown to give small Tc values. Umklapp or intervalley scattering effects can contribute to raise Tc. The demon (acoustic plasmon) mechanism is explored using model dielectric functions. It is shown that the demon mechanism is capable of reducing the repulsive Coulomb interaction and changing the sign of μ*.
Compliance with high-risk screening of unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant carriers.

e13528Background: Facing an increased lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancer, unaffected BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers receive genetic counseling regarding National Comprehensive Cancer Net...
Proceedings of the 7th international conference on Intelligent user interfaces

In the past few years, user interfaces have faced increasingly challenging tasks, larger numbers of users with a wide range of computer skills, and the widespread use of new platforms such as mobile devices. These trends have led to a need for advanced techniques for communication and collaboration, personalization and adaptation of behavior, agent-based assistance, integrated multi-modal interfaces, and a variety of intelligent front-ends for complex environments and tasks.The Sixth International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces (IUI 2002) includes work from researchers and practitioners who are developing novel user interface and interaction paradigms that incorporate advanced reasoning and modeling techniques. The Call for Papers solicited submissions in three categories: long papers describing substantial contributions of novel work that has produced advanced results, short papers describing work-in-progress on intelligent user interfaces and development tools, and brief descriptions of live demonstrations to present at the conference. We received 72 long paper and 39 short paper submissions, many of them with an associated demonstration submission. The papers were thoroughly reviewed by the conference program committee and reflect the highest quality results of this year's work on intelligent user interfaces.These proceedings contain 22 long papers and 39 short papers, as well as short descriptions of demonstrations shown at the conference that did not have an associated paper in another category. These papers cover diverse topics including interfaces for collaboration and sharing, interaction through the physical world, sketching, handling multiple modalities and devices, intelligent assistants for complex tasks, visualization tools, model-based interfaces, and intelligent agents.
Relationship of cue-induced urinary urges to nocturia in women ages 18 to 40 years.

Aims Although physiological factors have a role in nocturia, research suggests that behavioral processes, especially classical conditioning may also play an important role in nocturia and other lower urinary tract symptoms. The study aimed to assess the relationship of stimulus-associated urges during the day to nocturia in a sample of women aged 18 to 40, after controlling for physiological symptoms (eg, overactive bladder [OAB]; daytime frequency). Methods An online study was conducted using a panel of 356 female participants between the ages of 18 to 40. One-third of the participants self-reported an OAB diagnosis as determined by their physician. Almost 80% of participants reported having at least one nocturnal voiding per night. Participants completed the Urinary Cues Questionnaire, which assessed the frequency with which respondents experienced the urge to urinate in the presence of a variety of cues and the Overactive Bladder Screening Scale (OABSS), which assesses symptoms of OAB syndrome. Results Controlling for OABSS scores and daytime urinary frequency, the Situational Cues Subscale had a significant relationship with nocturia such that with each unit increase in the subscale, the probability of nocturia increased by 12% to 14% depending on the definition of nocturia. Discussion Behavioral techniques, such as habituation to decrease the association between awakening at night and feeling an urge to urinate, may be an appropriate intervention to mitigate nocturnal urination. Theoretically, this would translate to decreasing this disorder throughout the lifespan, if behavioral techniques could be effectively utilized in early adulthood.
Effects of sexual/gender minority- and race-based enacted stigma on mental health and substance use in female assigned at birth sexual minority youth.

Objective People of color who are also sexual and gender minorities (SGM) experience forms of enacted stigma based on both their racial/ethnic identity and their SGM status. We set out to test the effects of enacted stigma specific to race/ethnicity and SGM identity on mental health and substance use problems among female assigned at birth (FAB) SGM of color. Method Data come from a community-based sample of FAB SGM who also identified as racial/ethnic minorities (N = 352). The effects of racial discrimination, SGM victimization, and sexual orientation microaggressions on depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, alcohol-related problems, and marijuana-related problems were tested using linear regression and negative binomial models. Results Enacted stigma based on both race/ethnicity and SGM status were significant predictors of mental health outcomes and alcohol-related problems within the same model, which suggested that both uniquely contributed to poorer health. There was little support for interactive effects between the multiple forms of enacted stigma. Marijuana-related problems were best explained by enacted stigma based on race/ethnicity only. Conclusions Racially diverse FAB SGM are at unique risk of experiencing multiple forms of discrimination and aggression based on their minority identities that each contribute negatively to their wellbeing. Consideration of the multiple forms of enacted stigma they face is necessary for understanding health disparities in these populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Thermal block of action potentials is primarily due to voltage-dependent potassium currents: a modeling study.

We thank Dr Kendrick M Shaw (Massachusetts General Hospital), Dr Ted Carnevale (Yale University), and Alex Williams (Stanford University) for initial guidance in setting up the simulations and Python scripting. We thank Dr Joshua Rosenthal (Marine Biological Laboratories) with help with understanding the axial resistance measurements. We also thank Dr John P Wikswo (Vanderbilt University) and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We gratefully acknowledge support from NIH (grants R56-NS087249 and R56-NS094651) as well as DOD/AFOSR (grants FA 9550-14-1-0303 and FA 9550-17-1-0374).
Volumetric mapping of bound and pore water as well as collagen protons in cortical bone using 3D ultrashort echo time cones MR imaging techniques.

Abstract Cortical bone assessment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has recently received great attention in an effort to avoid the potential harm associated with ionizing radiation-based techniques. Ultrashort echo time MRI (UTE-MRI) techniques can acquire signal from major hydrogen proton pools in cortical bone, including bound and pore water, as well as from the collagen matrix. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the feasibility of a technique for mapping bound water, pore water, and collagen proton densities in human cortical bone ex vivo and in vivo using three-dimensional UTE Cones (3D-UTE-Cones) MRI. Eight human tibial cortical bone specimens (63 ± 19 years old) were scanned using 3D-UTE-Cones sequences on a clinical 3 T MRI scanner and a micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanner. Total, bound, and pore water proton densities (TWPD, BWPD, and PWPD, respectively) were measured using UTE and inversion recovery UTE (IR-UTE) imaging techniques. Macromolecular proton density (MMPD), a collagen representation, was measured using TWPD and macromolecular fraction (MMF) obtained from two-pool UTE magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) modeling. The correlations between proton densities and μCT-based measures were investigated. The 3D-UTE-Cones techniques were further applied on ten young healthy (34 ± 3 years old) and five old (78 ± 6 years old) female volunteers to evaluate the techniques' feasibility for translational clinical applications. In the ex vivo study, PWPD showed the highest correlations with bone porosity and bone mineral density (BMD) (R = 0.79 and − 0.70, p
Abstract 418: Substance P and Mast Cell Interaction Exacerbates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Remodeling

This study was designed to test the hypothesis that cardiac sensory nerves and mast cells play a critical adverse role in transverse aortic constriction (TAC) pressure overload-induced heart failure. Moreover, the mechanism is mediated by the activation of protease activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) receptors primarily located on cardiac sensory nerves and neurokinin 1 receptors (NK-1, substance P) located on mast cells and fibroblasts. Groups (n=6/group) of male PAR-2 receptor KO, NK-1 KO, and wild type (WT) C57BL6 mice (26-28 g) were subjected to either sham or TAC surgery on day 1. Echocardiographic, biometric, and immunohistological analyses were performed on all groups of mice on day 14. At this time point, none of the structural echocardiographic parameters were significantly different between the TAC WT and the TAC NK-1 KO and TAC PAR-2 KO mice, except for the systolic left ventricular internal diameter ( TAC WT, 3.0±0.2, TAC NK-1 KO, 1.5±0.2, and TAC PAR-2 KO, 1.8±0.3 mm (sham WT, 2.2±0.1)). In contrast, the fractional shortening (FS) was significantly greater in the TAC NK-1 KO mice (50±4%) and the TAC PAR 2 KO mice (46±6%) compared with the TAC WT mice (24±3%) (sham WT mice 40±2%). The ejection fraction (EF) was also significantly greater in the TAC NK-1 KO mice (82±4%) and PAR-2 KO mice (76±5%) compared to the TAC WT mice (48±4%) (sham WT mice 71±3%). In addition, the ratios of heart weight to body weight and lung weight to body weight were less in the TAC NK-1 KO and TAC PAR-2 KO mice compared to the TAC WT mice and the interstitial collagen fraction was significantly less in the TAC NK-1 KO mice (0.6±0.2%) and TAC PAR-2 KO mice (1.1±0.1%) compared to the TAC WT mice (1.6 ±0.4%). Therefore, these data indicate that cardiac sensory nerves (via PAR-2 receptors) and mast cells (via NK-1 receptors) play a critical adverse role in pressure overload-induced heart failure suggesting that antagonists of either or both receptors may be novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of pressure-induced heart failure.
Case report: Pediatric giant suprasellar epidermoid cyst

Abstract Background Epidermoid cysts (ECs) are estimated to constitute 0.5–1.8% of all intracranial tumors and are most commonly found in the cerebellopontine angle. The next most common ECs are suprasellar lesions. ECs are congenital, gradually progressive tumors, and patients usually present with symptoms when they reach their 30 s–50 s. They rarely cause any clinical symptoms in children and only a few cases of suprasellar ECs in children have been reported to our knowledge. Case description A 6-year-old girl with a 1-year history of progressive deterioration of her vision and bitemporal hemianopia presented to the ophthalmologist at a local hospital. Imaging revealed a suprasellar lesion extending into the pre-pontine cistern. She was then referred to our hospital for treatment. The patient underwent surgical resection of the tumor via an interhemispheric approach. A total gross resection of the tumor was successfully performed. Postoperatively, the patient experienced deterioration of her vision, but no other new neurological or endocrine deficits were observed. Histopathological examination confirmed the presence of a non-malignant EC. She was discharged on postoperative day 12. Conclusion ECs characterized by low growth potential and a lack of radiosensitivity are best treated by resection. The surgical approach should be tailored to each individual lesion while keeping in mind the surrounding neuroanatomy. As seen in our patient, for tumors that adhere to the internal carotid artery (ICA), post communicating artery (PCoA), basilar artery (BA), optic chiasm, or pituitary stalk, an interhemispheric approach is an appropriate option.