cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Activated mast cells synthesize and release soluble ST2-a decoy receptor for IL-33

IL-33 released from damaged cells plays a central role in allergic inflammation by acting through its membrane-bound receptor, ST2 receptor (ST2L). IL-33 activity can be neutralized by the soluble spliced variant of ST2 (sST2) that has been associated with allergic inflammation but its source is not well defined. We investigated whether mast cells (MCs) are a significant source of sST2 following activation through FceRI or ST2. We find that antigen and IL-33 induce substantial production and release of sST2 from human and mouse MCs in culture and do so synergistically when added together or in combination with stem cell factor. Moreover, increases in circulating sST2 during anaphylaxis in mice were dependent on the presence of MCs. Human MCs activated via FceRI failed to generate IL-33 and IL-33 produced by mouse bone marrow-derived MCs was retained within the cells. Therefore, FceRI-mediated sST2 production is independent of MC-derived IL-33 acting in an autocrine manner. These results are consistent with the conclusion that both mouse and human MCs when activated are a significant inducible source of sST2 but not IL-33 and thus have the ability to modulate the biologic impact of IL-33 produced locally by other cell types during allergic inflammation.
Hood: a neighborhood abstraction for sensor networks

This paper proposes a neighborhood programming abstraction for sensor networks, wherein a node can identify a subset of nodes around it by a variety of criteria and share state with those nodes. This abstraction allows developers to design distributed algorithms in terms of the neighborhood abstraction itself, instead of decomposing them into component parts such as messaging protocols, data caches, and neighbor lists. In those applications that are already neighborhood-based, this abstraction is shown to facilitate good application design and to reduce algorithmic complexity, inter-component coupling, and total lines of code. The abstraction as defined here has been successfully used to implement several complex applications and is shown to capture the essence of many more existing distributed sensor network algorithms.
Free fatty acids and the flavor of dairy products.

Abstract Studies in our laboratory have been aimed at the quantitative determination and sensory evaluation of free fatty acids in dairy products. Quantitative methods have been developed for free fatty acids in milk, butter, cheeses, and anhydrous milk fat; and sensory evaluation has aided in revealing the relative importance of free fatty acids in these products. Flavor panel results have indicated that the acids from butyric to lauric are responsible for the rancid flavor of whole milk, but no single acid in this series was of predominant importance. In butter, the additive flavor interaction of certain acids has been demonstrated, and the flavors of Swiss and Blue cheese have been simulated with mixtures of compounds including fatty acids. The problems involved in correlating analytical data with sensory evaluation are discussed.
An interactive maze router with hints

This paper presents the Irouter, an interactive maze router for the Magic IC layout editor that takes hints. The Irouter is a flexible tool intended to be useful wherever tight or unusual constraints do not permit automatic routing. It has already been used in the layout of an 80,000 transistor CMOS chip developed by our group at LLNL, and is currently being used to route the control signals of a 100,000 transistor, high performance, FPU chip being developed by the Berkeley SPUR project.Several novel ideas for maze routing have been developed in the Irouter. Hint layers permit the user to map out the general path of a route and pull the route in desired directions, while leaving details, such as obeying the design rules, to the router. The gross structure of the layout is preprocessed to facilitate accurate estimates of cost to completion during routing and hence effective pruning of misdirected partial routes. A windowed search strategy slowly shifts the focus from the start point towards the goal. This permits the consideration of alternatives at all stages of routing without blowing up into an exhaustive search.
Self-Administered Stress Management Training in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy

Purpose This study sought to continue research on psychosocial interventions for patients being treated with radiation therapy across multiple centers and to replicate positive findings of a single-center study of patients being treated with chemotherapy. The primary objective of this study was to determine if a stress management intervention was effective in improving quality of life and decreasing psychological distress in patients undergoing radiotherapy for cancer. Patients and Methods A total of 310 patients about to begin radiotherapy treatment were randomly assigned to receive usual care only or self-administered stress management training. Quality-of-life assessments occurred at baseline and for 3 weeks after the beginning of radiotherapy treatment. Results Overall, patients assigned to receive stress management training did not report significantly less psychological distress on the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36) Mental Component Summary Scale than did those assigned to usual c...
Dissociation of algorithmic and heuristic processes in language comprehension: evidence from aphasia

Abstract Three groups of aphasic patients, Broca's, Conduction, and Wernicke's, and a nonaphasic patients control group were tested for comprehension of object-relative center-embedded sentences. The sentences were of three types: sentences in which semantic constraints between words allowed the subjects to assign a correct semantic reading of the sentence without decoding the syntax, sentences in which semantic constraints were relaxed and for which a correct reading was only possible with knowledge of syntactic relationships among words, and sentences which described highly improbable events. The subjects' task was to choose which of two pictures captured the meaning expressed in the sentence. Broca's and Conduction aphasics performed near perfectly on sentences where they could use semantic information. Their performance dropped to chance when they had to use syntactic information. These results support a neuropsychological dissociation of heuristic and algorithmic processes based primarily, though not exclusively, on semantic and syntactic information, respectively.
Amplitude and phase of the 11‐yr term in sea‐level: Europe

Summary. The 11-yr solar cycle term in sea-level is further elucidated by single-and two-channel high resolution signal processing techniques applied to 37 European height H of sea-level records. In agreement with earlier analysis the period and amplitude are 10.6 ± 0.3 yr and 10.3 ± 4.8 mm. New results are as follows: in view of the recently detected 11-yr term in Earth rotation ΔT= ET — UT, cross-spectra of the H records with ΔT were computed. At the solar cycle period H lags ΔT by 0.7 ± 0.5 yr; since AT lags the change in length of day Δ(10 d) by 2.7 yr the result is that H lags Δ(10 d) by 3.4 ± 0.5 yr. The continuum spectrum of H and ΔT has a high coherency and zero phase from the solar cycle down to a period of 40 yr, although this relation cannot be causal. We propose that the circumpolar vortex of westerly winds is the common forcing function for the H and ΔT discrete solar cycle signal and a significant portion of the long-period continuum in European waters.
Comparison of cefoperazone plus sulbactam with clindamycin plus gentamicin as treatment for intra-abdominal infections

This study compared the safety and efficacy of cefoperazone plus sulbactam with that of clindamycin plus gentamicin in the treatment of intra-abdominal infection. Seventy-six patients were included in the analysis of an open, randomized, comparative, single-site trial. Forty-seven patients received cefoperazone-sulbactam, and 29 patients received clindamycin plus gentamicin. Thirty-three patients (70%) who received cefoperazone-sulbactam and 15 patients (52%) who received clindamycin plus gentamicin were cured of infection, did not suffer a relapse within one month after the end of treatment, and did not receive any other antibiotics during the follow-up period (P = 0.17). In patients treated with cefoperazone-sulbactam there were four cases of superinfection, one patient had a prolonged prothrombin time, six patients had a poor response, two patients received antibiotics during follow-up, and one patient died during follow-up because of cancer. Treatment with clindamycin plus gentamicin was associated with five cases of superinfection, four patients had a poor response, four patients had a drug reaction, and one patient required antibiotics in the follow-up period. Serum levels of cefoperazone-sulbactam measured at one and three hours after dosing were consistent with earlier findings in normal volunteers. Two hundred and one pathogens were isolated, and 17 of 122 aerobic isolates (14%) were resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam, and 17 of 122 (14%) were resistant to both clindamycin and gentamicin. Eleven of 79 (14%) anaerobic isolates were resistant to cefoperazone, none was resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam, and 10 of 79 (13%) were resistant to clindamycin. The results of this study show that cefoperazone-sulbactam is an effective and safe alternative to clindamycin plus gentamicin in the treatment of intra-abdominal infections.
Reservations: Customer Insurance in the Marketing of Capacity

This paper develops a simple model of pricing and choice of capacity in a market where risk-averse customers are ex-ante uncertain about their valuation for use of the capacity. As unused capacity has no salvage value, the seller maximizes profit by economizing on capacity through over-booking. Thus each customer faces both uncertainty in his own valuation as well as uncertainty about availability of capacity. Because he is risk-averse, the customer seeks insurance. Provision of insurance is complicated because each customer's realized valuation is private information. Since the seller does not know each customer's type, she must elicit the information. The most profitable pricing strategy takes the form of a reservation that induces each customer to act according to his private information: those with high valuation for use of the capacity exercise while those with lower valuation do not exercise. In this way, the reservation provides partial insurance against the customer's uncertainty in valuation privately observed contingency and full insurance against unavailability of capacity observable by both seller and customer.
Landslide-modifications of submarine valleys

Introduction—The continental shelves are accordant in level to such a degree that they must have been remarkably free from earth-movements both during and since their formation. Yet these same stable shelves are traversed in many places by deep elongate depressions many of which are so similar to river valleys that they have been attributed to the submergence of the continental borders. Since most of the valleys have bases thousands of feet below sea-level how could the sinking have occurred without throwing the shelves out of adjustment? A deep submergence at present would not only deform the shelf but would also cause deep indentations into the lands along the sides of the submerged valleys, but the coasts inside most of the submarine valleys are essentially straight. Obviously if these valleys were cut by rivers and then submerged this must have happened prior to the formation of the continental shelves and enough time must have elapsed to eliminate the estuaries which the submergence produced. Here again we meet obstacles. If the valleys have been submerged for a long time, why have they not been filled by sedimentation attendant upon the formation of the continental shelves? Also the valleys show various signs of recency such as their steep sides and their situation directly off rivers which are actively depositing sediment.
Happiness as a Faustian bargain

Poor sorry Devil, what could you deliver? Was human mind in lofty aspiration ever Comprehended by the likes of you? Do you have food that does not satisfy? Or do You have red gold that will run through The hand like quicksilver and away? A game that none may win who play? A girl who in my very arms Will pledge love to my neighbor with her eyes? Or honor with its godlike charms Which like a shooting star flashes and dies? Show me the fruit that rots right on the tree, And trees that every day leaf out anew!
Working Well-Being and Workplace Inclusion: An Exploratory Study Involving People with Disabilities

The reform of mandatory employment in Italy, performed by the national Law 68/99, represented a crucial step not only for the assertion of the right to work for people with disabilities, but also a cultural innovation in the matter of workplace inclusion. Is the Law sufficient to ensure this process? The literature on working inclusion of people with disabilities has focused mainly on accommodation as “technical measures” to be implemented in organizations, and has mainly investigated the point of view of employer and coworkers. Few studies have instead evidenced the importance of social factors in the inclusion process and has involved people with disabilities. The research presented was performed in the National Research Council (CNR), the major public research Agency in Italy. The aim of the study was to investigate how the employees with disabilities perceive their working well-being, identifying those factors that could promote or hinder the workplace inclusion. The study involved 21 employees with different types of disabilities, such as people visually impaired and blind, people with limited mobility and with difficulties in articulation of language, people with mental disease and cognitive delay. 57% of participants were male and 43% were female. 52.4% was in the 41 to 50 age group, 19% was in the 18 to 40 age group and 28.6% was in the 51 to 60 or more age group. As research tools, we used a questionnaire focused on the dimensions of organizational well-being in the CNR and a semi-structured interview. The more critical factors highlighted from employees concern dimensions related to work environment, value, professional development and social usefulness. In particular, people expressed a feeling of worthlessness of their work, reporting stress conditions related to the impossibility of career advancement and to the lightweight workload. A source of stress is related indeed to the non-allocation of tasks or to an allocation of tasks judged below their capabilities. Therefore they perceive a sense of injustice and discrimination, they do not feel valued for their actual skills and abilities. Some of them also refer to the lack of involvement in working group tasks and in decision making. These difficulties sometimes got worse because of the physical location of their offices, such as the work room of the blind telephone operators, labeled by colleagues as “office of the living dead”. The workplace inclusion seems to be a rather complex process, in which organizational/managerial factors have an important role, as well as social and environmental ones.
Plant automation

Mr. Wood explained the philosophy of applying computers as an integral part of the manufacturing processes.
Thermal Analysis of Fresh and Mature Oil Paint Films: The Effect of Pigments as Driers and the Solvent Leaching of Mature Paint Films

The effect of titanium white, zinc white and lead white on the drying properties of poppy, walnut and linseed oil are analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). All of the fresh films undergo complex thermal transitions between -100 and O°C. For some of the dried films subambient transitions that resemble glass transitions occur at about -30 O°C. After exposure to certain solvents, these sub-ambient transitions disappear or are reduced significantly. It is suggested that samples with diminished sub-ambient transitions become more brittle as a result of the loss of materials that act as plasticizers.
Topology Optimization Design for Elastic Shafting of Optoelectronic Platform

The vertical azimuth shafting is the key component and the main bearing component of airborne optoelectronic platform,because of its heavy load and large inertia moment,its strength,stiffness and fundamental frequency will directly affect the tracking accuracy and tracking stability. The topology optimization combining with flexibility design thought is adopted in this paper to exercise optimal design on elastic shafting,the stiffeners are distributed rationally,the quality of elastic shafting reduces by 38.5% and its wall thickness reduces by 40% but the value of fundamental frequency increases by 19.7% and the deformation caused by temperature stress under high-thermal load reduces by 23%,the weight decreases and the mechanical structure is optimized without influencing mechanical properties or thermal property.
Mutation of gyrA gene in 98 strains ofloxacin-resistant Mycobacteria tuberculosis clinical isolates in Henan province

The purpose was to analyze the characteristics of fluoroquinolone resistance gene gyrA mutation in M.tuberculosis in Henan Province.A total of 126 M.tuberculosis clinical isolates were conducted to test drug susceptibility,98 resistance strains were chosen,while 28 susceptible strains,H37Rv and H37Ra was selected as comparison.According to DNA sequencing,the primers were designed and PCR amplification was done.All strains were performed gyrA quinolone resistance determining region(QRDR) DNA sequencing.Results showed that gyrA mutation were found in 81 isolates(84%),30 isolates were single mutation among them,and other 51 isolates(63%,51/81) were double mutations in gyrA.The ofloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in our province was high in double mutations in gyrA QRDR.Ala74Ser mutation,which previously had seldom been found in M.tuberculosis,was found.The gyrA mutation occurred in frequence gyrA94(84%),gyr90(71.6%),gyrA91(19.8%),and gyrA74(14.8%);no close relationship was observed between gyrA mutation type and ofloxacin MIC.By introducing M.tuberculosis H37Rv and M.tuberculosis H37Ra reference strains,interference from codon 95 AGC: ACC polymorphism was successfully avoided.This study indicates that 84% of the ofloxacin-resistant resistant M.tuberculosis strains have gyrA genetic mutations.The 84% ofloxacin-resistant isolates indicates the high rate of gyrA QRDR double point mutations.
New MRA postprocessing techniques in detection of intracranial aneurysms and treatment significance

Objective To assess new MRA postprocessing techniques for the detection of intracranial aneurysm and the clinical significance. Methods A total of 38 patients with 43 aneurysms surgically proven were studied 3D TOF and 3D TOF with zerofill interpoation processing (ZIP) were performed. New postprocessing techniques consist of multiplanar tomographic vaseular meonstructior (MTVR) and 3D navigator vascular imaging including exaseopic stirface rendering(ESR) and virtual intravascular endoscopy (VIE) using 3D TOF source images. Results MTVR (100.0% ) and 3D navigato(94.4% )provided better detection of small aneurysm than MIP(66.7% ) (x2 = 15 .289, P 0.01). MTVR(90.7% ) and 3D nartgato(90.7% ) provided better visualization of the neck of the aneurysm, its location, size and morphology than source images(79.1%) and MIP(72.1%)(x2 = 4.913, P 0.01). VIE can show the inner surface of the vessels including the true orifice, the angulation and length of the neck. Conclusion New postprocessing techniques are helpful to make plan for surgical and interventional treatment, and follow up the size and patency of the aneurysm after intravascular embolization and other therapy.
Developed Countries Coal Mine Safety Production Management of Enlightenment to China

Along with the country safe production management of strength increase,the major coal enterprises have established relatively perfect management system,but for the level of the developed countries still have certain disparity.This article from the developed countries of the coal mine safety production management experience proceed with,elaborated industry of our country coal production safety problems,finally summarizes the developed safety production management a few enlightenment to our country,for the future of coal mine production safety management regulations provide theoretical basis.
Analysis on Mental Health of Hepatitis B Virus Carriers in Ganzhou

Objective To study the psychological health status of HBV carriers in Ganzhou,to provide evidence for developing health education guidance,psychological treatment,nursing and counseling,and to promote mental health of the carriers.Methods The psychological health status of 236 HBV carriers and 236 normal controls was surveyed and analyzed using Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90),Self-rating Anxiety Scale(SAS),and Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS).Results The negative psychological health was prevalent in the carriers.The factor scores of SCL-90 in HBV carrier group were all higher than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.01,P0.001).The results of SDS and SAS showed that the values of anxiety related emotional disorders and depressive disorders in HBV carrier group were higher than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant(P0.001).Conclusions More attention should be paid to the mental health of HBV carriers.It is necessary to conduct targeted health education in HBV carriers so as to help them relieve psychological burden,establish the consciousness of health care,and promote their physical and mental health.
Distribution, transport, and degradation of apolipoprotein B-100 in HepG2 cells.

The transport of apolipoprotein B (apoB) between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi was studied in puromycin-synchronized HepG2 cells, using an antibody that could distinguish between apoB in ER and Golgi compartments. In cells with normal ER-to-Golgi transport, both albumin and apoB colocalized throughout the ER and appeared as intense, compact signals in Golgi. When ER-to-Golgi transport was blocked with brefeldin A, apoB and albumin remained colocalized in the ER network and three-dimensional constructed images showed more intense signals for both proteins in a central, perinuclear region of the ER. When protein synthesis was stopped in cells with brefeldin A-inhibited ER-to-Golgi transport, apoB degradation was visualized as a homogeneous decrease in fluorescence signal intensity throughout the ER that could be slowed with clasto-lactacystin β-lactone, a proteasome inhibitor. Incubation of cells with CP-10447, an inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein, inhibited apoB, but not albumin, transport from ER to Golgi. Nanogold immunoelectron microscopy of digitonin-permeabilized cells showed proteasomes in close proximity to the cytosolic side of the ER membrane. Thus, newly synthesized apoB is localized throughout the entire ER and degraded homogeneously, most likely by neighboring proteasomes located on the cytosolic side of the ER membrane. Although albumin is colocalized with apoB in the ER, as expected, it was not targeted for ER-associated proteasomal degradation. —Sakata, N., T. E. Phillips, and J. L. Dixon. Distribution, transport, and degradation of apolipoprotein B-100 in HepG2 cells. J. Lipid Res. 2001. 42: 1947–1958.
The colchicine method in the study of bone marrow cell proliferation.

The rate of metaphase accumulation in the bone marrow cells of AKR mice treated with colchicine was investigated. The influence of this alkaloid on the differential count of the bone marrow cells in these animals was also studied. It was demonstrated that the stathmokinetic effect of colchicine on the bone marrow cells started almost immediately after the administration of the drug. The number of arrested metaphases increased linearly from one-half hour to six hours after the injection of colchicine, and then fell rapidly. In rats injected with colchicine, the changes in the bone marrow concentration of this compound were followed for eight hours. The colchicine concentrations increased from the first to the fourth hour, and then fell rapidly, reaching the zero level at the eighth hour. From the results obtained, it appeared that four hours post-injection was the most convenient time for the study of the bone marrow proliferative activity by the colchicine method when 1.2 mg./Kg. of colchicine per body weight was used. The fact that four hours after the injection, a mild decrease in the percentage of mature bone marrow granulocytes was found, may represent a limiting factor, which is, however, of moderate importance in the application of this technic.
HSP90 stabilizes B-cell receptor kinases in a multi-client interactome: PU-H71 induces CLL apoptosis in a cytoprotective microenvironment

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by the accumulation of B cells in the hematopoietic system and lymphoid tissues. Although inhibitors targeting the B-cell receptor (BCR) pathway have been successful in the treatment of the disease, the underlying mechanisms leading to BCR over-activity in CLL are not fully understood. In this study, we found that HSP90, a highly conserved molecular chaperone, is overexpressed in CLL compared with resting B cells. HSP90 overexpression is accompanied by the overexpression of several BCR kinases including LYN, spleen tyrosine kinase, Bruton tyrosine kinase and AKT. Chemical and immune-precipitation demonstrated that these BCR constituents are present in a multi-client chaperone complex with HSP90. Inhibition of HSP90 with PU-H71 destabilized the BCR kinases and caused apoptosis of CLL cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Further, PU-H71 induced apoptosis in the presence of stromal co-culture or cytoprotective survival signals. Finally, genetic knockdown of HSP90 and its client AKT, but not BTK, reduced CLL viability. Overall, our study suggests that the chaperone function of HSP90 contributes to the over-activity of the BCR signaling in CLL and inhibition of HSP90 has the potential to achieve a multi-targeting effect. Thus, HSP90 inhibition may be explored to prevent or overcome drug resistance to single targeting agents.
Modeling Otolith Weight using Fish Age and Length: Applications to Age Determination

AbstractRelationships among otolith weight and age have been explored widely as cost-effective means to predict age. However, otolith weight is influenced by both fish age and somatic growth, making it necessary to partition these confounding effects to best use otolith weight to predict age. We used several hatchery strains of Lake Trout Salvelinus namaycush that varied in capture season, year, location, and mean size at stocking to develop a maximum likelihood model of otolith weight as complementary but independent functions of age (mg/year) and fish length (mg/mm). Once these relationships were established, we determined age probabilities for each fish based on their measurements. Our best model included age and somatic growth components, with cumulative mean temperature as a variable to scale for seasonal differences in otolith accretion. For fish between 3 and 19 years of age, otolith weight increased by 1.16 mg/year, with an additional somatic growth component of 0.62 × exp(fish length × 0.0038) mg...
Superoxide Generation from Nitric Oxide Synthase

Application of the loop gap resonator technology and improvement in spin trapping methodologies have enormously increased our understanding of the mechanisms of superoxide formation from nitric oxide synthases. In this chapter we discuss the key role of cofactors such as tetrahydrobiopterin and protein-protein interactions in superoxide release from endothelial NOS. The pathophysiological effects of NOS-mediated superoxide generation in cardiovascular system are discussed.
3D forest structure parameter retrieval: Polarimetric SAR interferometry and waveform lidar airborne data

Forest vertical structure parameters are one of critical components for understanding of the global forest carbon storage and cycle, as well as climate changes. Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) techniques and waveform lidar have been widely and successfully used for extracting 3D forest structure profiles by means of both SAR and lidar airborne systems, but individually. Therefore, fusing both data sets and developing new algorithms and models to understand forest structure are critical. We have used waveform lidar data acquired by NASA's LVIS (Land, Vegetation, and ICE sensor and SAR data acquired by various airborne and spaceborne SAR systems over mangrove forests in Pongara national park, Gabon.
HYBRID CONTINUITY EQUATION USING MULTIDETECTOR CT AND ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY AIDS RECLASSIFYING SEVERITY IN PATIENTS WITH PARADOXICAL LOW FLOW LOW GRADIENT SEVERE AORTIC STENOSIS

Paradoxical low flow low gradient aortic stenosis (PLFLGAS) is a complex clinical entity with challenges in accurate diagnosis. Doppler echocardiography (DE) may understate the left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area and may introduce inaccuracies in calculation of the valve area. Multidetector
When feedback signals failure but offers hope for improvement: A process model of constructive criticism

Abstract Although receiving critical feedback during learning situations can be an indicator of failure, constructive feedback can help a learner improve from that failure. Many theories have outlined various components of the feedback process, but models for constructive feedback that integrate both the interpersonal nature of the feedback process as well as the vantage point of the feedback receiver are few. To understand better how constructive feedback is perceived to leverage failure for enhanced thinking, motivational, and learning processes, we conducted a series of focus group interviews with undergraduates (n = 38). Using grounded theory, we developed a process model to address underlying mechanisms for constructive criticism. The three main aspects of our model included that for feedback to be perceived as constructive, (a) criticism needed to be embedded in perceptions of care from a respect-worthy feedback giver; (b) the feedback message itself needed properties of being well-intentioned, targeted appropriately, and providing guidance as to how the work can be improved; and (c) uptake of the feedback, that is, responding to its guidance by changing the work, occurred in the context of the feedback receiver’s emotions and motivation. Implications for theory and practice are discussed to promote the important role of failure and feedback while learning.
Rural parents’ beliefs about healthy eating:

Objectives:This study explored US rural parents’ perceived facilitators, challenges and motivators to healthy eating.Methods:Qualitative and purposive sampling was used to recruit one hundred (N = ...
Bowling Together: On Selected Aspects of Professional Capital in 21st Century Education

Professional Capital, Professional Communication, Civic Participation, and Community are the ideas about teachers as social change agents that have recently come into particular focus in thinking about today’s education. In the first part of this paper these ideas are examined in their broad political, social, cultural, and economic contexts. The second part looks more closely at the important aspects of communication and their implications for education and educators.
My Journey from Radar Jamming to Coherence Theory

My graduate research was concerned with radar detection, radar countermeasures, passive locating systems, and countermeasures to passive locating system. After I learned some statistical optics, I realized that predicting the effectiveness of a particular countermeasure to passive locating systems could be accomplished rather easily using the Van Cittert-Zernike theorem. This insight will be explained in this talk.
Prognostic Significance of Chromosome Changes in Acute Leukemia

The recognition that chromosome changes constitute an independent variable bearing upon the prognostic aspects of acute leukemia has now been well established [1–3]. This applies equally to acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The present paper will deal with a succinct evaluation and clarification of the relative importance of established cytogenetic changes in the prognostic aspects of acute leukemia. The chromosomal (karyotypic, cytogenetic) abnormalities concerned with the prognostic aspects of acute leukemia can be classified as follows, in the order of their relative importance: 1. Specific (primary) karyotypic change 2. Secondary chromosome changes 3. The presence or absence of cytogenetically normal cells in the marrow 4. The presence of double minute chromosomes (DMS) or homogeneously staining regions (H SR) 5. Numerical chromosome changes (without morphologic abnormalities)
The Hippocampus and Regulation of the Hypothalamic-Hypophyseal-Adrenal Cortical Axis

It has been established since 1950 that the hormones of the adrenal cortex are regulated by the central nervous system. The adrenal cortex is stimulated by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) carried through the circulatory system from the adenohypophysis, which is activated by corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) brought via the hypophyseal portal vessels from the median eminence of the hypothalamus. Many structures of the limbic system project to the hypothalamus and are therefore potential candidates for modulating adrenocortical hormone secretion. The hippocampus has been implicated in such a role since the late 1950s. The results of much of the research in this area have led many authors to conclude that the hippocampus inhibits hypothalamic mechanisms controlling the secretion of adrenal corticosteroid hormones. However, a close examination of the existing data reveals that this generalization is probably misleading oversimplification since (1) there is more than one functional system which has access to the final common path of adrenocortical steroid hormone secretion and (2) different methods of hippocampal disruption give results which lead to different conclusions about its function. In this chapter, the data relating to the role of the hippocampus in the regulation of this hormone system will be critically analyzed using these two points as an organizational framework.
The Fourth Chapter

[1] After this I looked, and behold, a door was open in heaven. [2] And the first voice which I heard was, as it were, of a trumpet talking with me which said: [3] ‘Come up hither, and I will show thee things which must be fulfilled hereafter’. [4] And immediately I was in the spirit, [5] and behold, a seat was set in heaven, and one sat on the seat. [6] And he that sat was to look upon like unto a jasper stone and a sardine stone. [7] And there was a rainbow about the seat in sight like a smaragde. [8] And about the seat were twenty-four seats, [9] and upon the seats twenty-four elders sitting, [10] clothed in white raiment, [11] and had on their heads crowns of gold. [12] And out of the seat proceeded lightnings and thunderings and voices. [13] And there were seven lamps of fire burning before the seat, which are the seven spirits of God. [14] And before the seat there was a sea of glass like unto crystal. [15] And in the midst of the seat and round about the seat were four beasts [16] full of eyes before and behind.
Analysis of Channel Access Priority Classes in LTE-LAA Spectrum Sharing System

To provide differentiated quality of service in long-term evolution (LTE) license assisted access (LAA) procedure, the 3GPP has defined several channel access priority classes (CAPCs). They use distinct arbitration inter-frame space (AIFS), contention window (CW) size, and payload duration. While evaluating the effects of CW size and payload duration is relatively straightforward, accurately modelling and analyzing the effect of AIFS has not been satisfactorily addressed. Available methods on analyzing different AIFSs are accurate for only limited parameter setups, or involve systematic approximations. Different from existing results, we develop a non-homogeneous per-slot Markov chain model to represent the state of each priority class during and after the AIFS, and analyze the channel access probability (CAP), successful transmission probability (STP), and average throughput of each class. Some novel features of our method include: 1) we model and solve the per-slot class-dependent link statistics (such as CAP and STP), which vary based on the slot location; and 2) we provide an in-depth analysis on the average throughput, and design a multi-class combinatorial procedure to evaluate average time spent per successful transmission on each delay cell. We program the LAA CAPC algorithms and implement extensive Monte Carlo simulations, which validate the accuracy of our analytical results even in very low throughput region for lower priority classes, and demonstrate the effects of AIFS and other parameters in an LAA system. These results provide solid progress for evaluating priority classes in the LTE-LAA system and other spectrum sharing systems, and can be extended to support system and parameter optimization.
Interrogating vulnerability in the Global Framework for Climate Services

Over the past decade, the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS) has emerged as a major influence on the practice of and discourse about climate services, which aim to reduce the vulnerability of society to climate-related hazards through better provision of climate information and engagement of users of climate services. Yet, there is little research into the relations, practices, and discourses produced and institutionalized through the GFCS. The treatment of vulnerability in climate services, and by the GFCS in particular, remains understudied. To address this gap, we conduct a document analysis of key GFCS reports to interrogate framings of vulnerability and examine their implications for the development and practice of climate services for adaptation. Although we see attention to vulnerability in official GFCS discourse, we find that, with a few exceptions, identifying climate vulnerabilities is largely a cursory exercise that does not meaningfully engage in the complex social processes that contribute to differential vulnerabilities. To meet its own objectives, and the larger vision of climate services, we propose that the GFCS draw upon a rich literature on vulnerability and promote the global development of climate services that considers the coupled physical and social dimensions of vulnerability and prioritizes climate services for the most vulnerable.
Product Management in Social Marketing

Product management consists of numerous tasks: overseeing market segmentation; making decisions on brands and package designs, product positioning, product form, and product differentiation; studying the product life cycle; and developing new products. The principal tool of the product manager is the marketing plan, which transcends product considerations because it extends beyond the product, into the entire set of strategic marketing variables. A society may be identified by the type of social character (purchasers) with which it enforces conformity to social norms. Three principal types have been identified: A tradition-directed society ensures conformity by instilling a strong tendency to following tradition; An inner-directed society ensures conformity by following an internalized set of goals; and an other-directed society ensures conformity through sensitivity to the expectations and preferences of others. The annals of social marketing are replete with sagas about programs that succeeded and some that failed. Two examples that are particularly interesting represent the best and the worst cases in social marketing.
18 F-Sodium fluoride PET/CT predicts overall survival in patients with advanced genitourinary malignancies treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without ipilimumab.

We evaluated the prognostic value of 18F-sodium fluoride (NaF) PET/CT in patients with urological malignancies treated with cabozantinib and nivolumab with or without ipilimumab. We prospectively recruited patients with advanced urological malignancies into a phase I trial of cabozantinib plus nivolumab with or without ipilimumab. NaF PET/CT scans were performed pre- and 8 weeks post-treatment. We measured the total volume of fluoride avid bone (FTV) using a standardized uptake value (SUV) threshold of 10. We used Kaplan-Meier analysis to predict the overall survival (OS) of patients in terms of SUVmax, FTV, total lesion fluoride (TLF) uptake at baseline and 8 weeks post-treatment, and percent change in FTV and TLF. Of 111 patients who underwent NaF PET/CT, 30 had bone metastases at baseline. Four of the 30 patients survived for the duration of the study period. OS ranged from 0.23 to 34 months (m) (median 6.0 m). The baseline FTV of all 30 patients ranged from 9.6 to 1570 ml (median 439 ml). The FTV 8 weeks post-treatment was 56–6296 ml (median 448 ml) from 19 available patients. Patients with higher TLF at baseline had shorter OS than patients with lower TLF (3.4 vs 14 m; p = 0.022). Patients with higher SUVmax at follow-up had shorter OS than patients with lower SUVmax (5.6 vs 24 m; p = 0.010). However, FTV and TLF 8 weeks post-treatment did not show a significant difference between groups (5.6 vs 17 m; p = 0.49), and the percent changes in FTV (12 vs 14 m; p = 0.49) and TLF (5.6 vs 17 m; p = 0.54) also were not significant. Higher TLF at baseline and higher SUVmax at follow-up NaF PET/CT corresponded with shorter survival in patients with bone metastases from urological malignancies who underwent treatment. NaF PET/CT may be a useful predictor of OS in this population.
Pancreas whole organ engineering

Abstract Pancreatic failure as a result of inflammation or neoplasia is a life-threatening problem with limited therapeutic options. Pancreatic transplantation is limited by lack of donor availability, organ rejection, and the morbidity associated with lifelong immunosuppression. Whole organ pancreatic engineering offers a potential significant advancement in the treatment of pancreatic insufficiency. The fundamental building blocks of whole organ engineering include cell harvesting, development of biocompatible scaffold materials, and a favorable modulation of the host response, among others. This chapter reviews current and future regenerative medicine strategies for creating functional pancreatic tissue, and the remaining challenges of the whole organ engineering field.
Nucleon mass with highly improved staggered quarks

We present the first computation in a program of lattice-QCD baryon physics using staggered fermions for sea and valence quarks. For this initial study, we present a calculation of the nucleon mass, obtaining $964\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}16\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MeV}$ with all sources of statistical and systematic errors controlled and accounted for. This result is the most precise determination to date of the nucleon mass from first principles. We use the highly improved staggered quark action, which is computationally efficient. Three gluon ensembles are employed, which have approximate lattice spacings $a\ensuremath{\approx}0.09, 0.12$, and $0.15\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{fm}$, each with equal-mass $u/d$, $s$, and $c$ quarks in the sea. Further, all ensembles have the light valence and sea $u/d$ quarks tuned to reproduce the physical pion mass, avoiding complications from chiral extrapolations. Our work opens a new avenue for precise calculations of baryon properties, which are both feasible and relevant to experiments in particle and nuclear physics.
A new 24-homo-30-nor-cycloartane triterpenoid from a Hawaiian endophytic fungal strain

Abstract A new triterpenoid belonging to the uncommon 24-homo-30-nor-cycloartane class was separated from the endophytic fungus Mycoleptodiscus indicus FT1137, which was isolated from the Hawaiian plant Stenocereus sp. The structure of compound 1 was determined by analysis of HRMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compound 1 was also evaluated against human ovarian cancer cell line A2780.
We’re All in This Together: Understanding How Tourism Advocates Build Relationships across the Tourism Industry

The tourism industry has long been concerned with gaining political influence to ensure supportive policies and governance. Tourism advocates are leaders who seek political influence by creating a ...
Experimental and Computational Studies on Superhard Material Rhenium Diboride under Ultrahigh Pressures.

An emerging class of superhard materials for extreme environment applications are compounds formed by heavy transition metals with light elements. In this work, ultrahigh pressure experiments on transition metal rhenium diboride (ReB2) were carried out in a diamond anvil cell under isothermal and non-hydrostatic compression. Two independent high-pressure experiments were carried out on ReB2 for the first time up to a pressure of 241 GPa (volume compression V/V0 = 0.731 ± 0.004), with platinum as an internal pressure standard in X-ray diffraction studies. The hexagonal phase of ReB2 was stable under highest pressure, and the anisotropy between the a-axis and c-axis compression increases with pressure to 241 GPa. The measured equation of state (EOS) above the yield stress of ReB2 is well represented by the bulk modulus K0 = 364 GPa and its first pressure derivative K0´ = 3.53. Corresponding density-functional-theory (DFT) simulations of the EOS and elastic constants agreed well with the experimental data. DFT results indicated that ReB2 becomes more ductile with enhanced tendency towards metallic bonding under compression. The DFT results also showed strong crystal anisotropy up to the maximum pressure under study. The pressure-enhanced electron density distribution along the Re and B bond direction renders the material highly incompressible along the c-axis. Our study helps to establish the fundamental basis for anisotropic compression of ReB2 under ultrahigh pressures.
Effects of scopolamine and dextroamphetamine on human performance

The effects of two drugs used to prevent symptoms of motion sickness in the operational environment were examined in this study of human performance as measured by computer-based tests of cognitive and psychomotor skills. Each subject was exposed repetitively to five tests: symbol-digit substitution, simple reaction time, pattern recognition, digit span memory, and pattern memory. Although there have been previous reports of decreases in human performance in similar testing with higher dosages of scopolamine or dextroamphetamine, no significant decrements were observed with the operational-level combined dose used in this study (0.4 mg oral scopolamine and 5.0 mg oral dextroamphetamine.) The controversy over the use of combination drug therapy in this environnment is discussed along with the indications for further research based on the findings.