cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Design of Excitation System for Large Generators

Based on the existing design technique of excitation system for AC synchronous generators,this paper points out the four trends of generator’s excitation system designing,as well as its development directions,and discusses the problems that need to be considered during excitation system designing. The ideas and summaries proposed in this paper provide a basis for the design and evaluation of the excitation system,and could be taken as a useful reference for similar designs in the future.
Cause analysis for the resurgent goiter rate of children in mountainous suburb of Hangzhou

Objective To investigate children's nutritional status of iodine in Chun'an,a mountainous suburb of Hangzhou and analyze the cause of resurgent goiter rate of this county.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to sample 642 children from eight to ten years old,and palpation was applied to check the size of their thyroid gland.Their urinary iodine,iodized salt,intelligence quotient(IQ),serum total protein were detected and their nutritional status was investigated as well.Results Goiter rate of countryside pupils was 10.28%,which was higher than of that of town pupils(3.32%).The difference showed a statistical significanceP＜0.05).Goiter rate of boarding pupils was 13.81%,which was higher than that of nonresident pupils(6.90%)with a statistical significance(P＜0.05).There was no significance between town pupils and nonresident students of mountainous area in goiter rate(P＞0.05).The average of kinds of food and iodine taken daily by boarding pupils was 4.9 and 26.01μg/d,respectively,which was lower than that of town pupils(11.5 and 38.05μg/d).Conclusions Resurgent goiter rate is mainly resulted from low and intermittent of iodine and protein intake,and thus measures should be taken to improve their nutritional status.
Dynamic analysis of physical development of younger students with Han nationality from 1985 to 2010 in Dali

Objective To analyze the dynamic changes of physical development of students aged 7 to 18 years with Han nationality during the year of 1985 to 2010 in Dali of Yunnan,and to provide evidence for the improvement of physical education in schools.Methods Physical assessment data including body shape,physical skills and fitness collected from the surveys of Physical Fitness and Health Surveillance of Chinese School Students conducted in 1985,1991,2000,2005 and 2010 were recruited and analyzed in Dali.Results In general,the upward trends of average body height and weight had been noticed over a 25 years period,with the increase of height of 6.3cm for boys and 5.0cm for girls.However the chest circumference almost stayed the same size.The cardiopulmonary function declined dramatically,especially the vital capacity,which serves as the major indicator of lung function decreased 342ml for boys and 265ml for girls.It took an extra 6.2s for boys and 4.3s for girls to finish a 50m distance round running.It showed that the overall physical fitness went worse especially in the endurance ability.Conclusions Although students of Han nationality become taller,the overall body skills and fitness both deteriorate,indicating that physical education needs to be reformed in order to improve their comprehensive body constitution.
Back to the Nineteenth Century for New Ideas

Saudi Arabia’s royal family is trying to spearhead an advanced industrial economy while inoculating against a social upheaval. Given the surge in the price of oil from about $3.50 a barrel in 1973 to a peak of $34 in 1981 and 1982, billions of petro-dollars were made available to plough back into development projects and private industry. The sum accumulated in one year alone (1981) — a $30 billion excess of income over expenditure — was truly colossal.
Kidney Transplantation Outcomes across GN Subtypes in the United States

Differences in kidney transplantation outcomes across GN subtypes have rarely been studied. From the US Renal Data System, we identified all adult (≥18 years) first kidney transplant recipients (1996-2011) with ESRD attributed to one of six GN subtypes or two comparator kidney diseases. We computed hazard ratios (HRs) for death, all-cause allograft failure, and allograft failure excluding death as a cause (competing risks framework) using Cox proportional hazards regression. Among the 32,131 patients with GN studied, patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN) had the lowest mortality rates and patients with IgAN or vasculitis had the lowest allograft failure rates. After adjusting for patient- and transplant-related factors, compared with IgAN (referent), FSGS, membranous nephropathy, membranoproliferative GN, lupus nephritis, and vasculitis associated with HRs (95% confidence intervals) for death of 1.57 (1.43 to 1.72), 1.52 (1.34 to 1.72), 1.76 (1.55 to 2.01), 1.82 (1.63 to 2.02), and 1.56 (1.34 to 1.81), respectively, and with HRs for allograft failure excluding death as a cause of 1.20 (1.12 to 1.28), 1.27 (1.14 to 1.41), 1.50 (1.36 to 1.66), 1.11 (1.02 to 1.20), and 0.94 (0.81 to 1.09), respectively. Considering external comparator groups, and comparing with IgAN, autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) and diabetic nephropathy associated with higher HRs for mortality [1.22 (1.12 to 1.34) and 2.57 (2.35 to 2.82), respectively], but ADPKD associated with a lower HR for allograft failure excluding death as a cause [0.85 (0.79 to 0.91)]. Reasons for differential outcomes by GN subtype and cause of ESRD should be examined in future research.
Oncogenic Pim Kinase Activity Provides Resistance to Mtor Inhibition in Vitro and In Vivo.

Abstract 3974 Poster Board III-910 The PI3K/Akt/mTor pathway is among the most frequently deregulated in human cancers, including many leukemias and lymphomas, and inhibitors targeting it at multiple levels are either clinically available or under development. The Pim family proteins are oncogenic serine/threonine kinases expressed in many malignancies and that have numerous overlapping downstream targets and functional consequences with PI3K/Akt/mTor. We here investigate the role of Pim proteins in oncogenesis and their ability in particular to mediate resistance to mTor inhibition. We find over-expression and genomic amplification of Pim1 and Pim2 in tumor samples and cell lines derived from patients with multiple B lymphomas. We show that both Pim1 and Pim2 powerfully mediate resistance to apoptosis in the murine pro-B cell line FL5-12 when withdrawn from IL-3. In murine tumor cells with constitutive activation of mTor, Pim1 and Pim2 provide resistance to treatment with the mTor inhibitor rapamycin. In vivo , we find that murine Pim2 (mPim2) accelerates tumorigenesis in the Eu- Myc transgenic model of Burkitt9s lymphoma in a manner highly similar to Akt. However, unlike Akt, mPim2 leads to tumors that resist sensitization to chemotherapy by co-administration of rapamycin. We also investigate Pim19s role as a target of aberrant somatic hypermutation (ASHM), the process by which the enzyme activation induced deamidase (AID) introduces mutations into the coding and non-coding regions of the Pim1 locus and other proto-oncogenes in many B-cell malignancies. We find that structural Pim1 mutants found in patient tumors samples retain their ability to accelerate tumorigenesis in the Eu- Myc model in vivo and to mediate resistance to apoptosis and rapamycin in vitro . In conclusion, Pim activity is clinically significant, highly oncogenic, and provides resistance to mTor inhibition. Pim inhibition is therefore an attractive therapeutic approach, especially in combination with PI3K/Akt/mTor inhibition, even as ASHM provides a potential mechanism for B-cell tumors to escape it. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Necessary Conditions in Mathematical Programming and Optimal Control Theory

In these lectures I will present a theory of necessary conditions for nonlinear optimizations problems in infinite-dimensional spaces and I will apply the results of the theory to the optimal control of systems described by families of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.
Fault tolerance in mobile embedded computer networks

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network in which mobile computers (nodes) powered by tiny batteries communicate with each other using short-range packet radios to form an ad hoc or unstructured network without any fixed infrastructure. With the advent of sophisticated wireless technologies, MANETs are increasingly being embedded in complex and safety-critical applications such as emergency warning systems. Such networks are required to operate even under failure conditions caused by node motion or component malfunction, while consuming low power. The overall goal of our research is to develop fault-tolerant methods to improve the dependability of MANETs while minimizing the total transmission power consumed by nodes. In the applications of interest, a source node should be able to communicate with a destination node reliably. Since the topology of the network often changes due to node motion, fault-tolerant routes linking the source and the destination should be discovered online. We first describe a fault-tolerant route discovery protocol (ALTDSR) that finds a primary path between the source and the destination, and a set of alternative paths. We introduce dominator relationships between primary and non-primary path nodes. Using the dominator concept, we develop distributed algorithms that guarantee finding a 1-FT (1-fault tolerant) route set if such routes exist. We then exploit the guarantee provided by ALTDSR to maintain a fault-tolerant topology under mobility while minimizing the total transmission power consumed. We represent the MANET by an undirected graph G, and introduce a graph transformation model to capture node mobility. Given that G is k-connected and the transmission power of all nodes remain unchanged, the new topology Gm obtained after a node moves to a new location may not be k-connected. We derive necessary conditions for Gm to be k-connected, and develop an algorithm to maintain 2-connectivity under mobility conditions. In some mobile applications including accident warning networks on highways, a mobile node (source) needs to broadcast to all nodes within a geographic region around the source. We call such a communication mechanism "myopic" broadcasting, and we develop a protocol (MYOSBA) that guarantees delivery of a message under idealized conditions such as zero mobility. Using simulation, we show that MYOSBA reliably delivers messages even under moderate mobility conditions. We also describe a software-based technique for online detection of hardware faults. This technique helps to design nodes that prevent the effects of the faults from propagating to other nodes in the network.
Recollecting Union: “Rebel Flags” and the Epideictic Vision of Washington's Farewell Address

In February 1862 numerous celebrations of George Washington's birthday commenced with ceremonial readings of the Farewell Address. With heightened public interest, Harper's Weekly published a flag display in its reporting of the event. This essay explores how the illustration functioned as an epideictic vision to reconstitute the meaning of the Farewell Address within the context of competing Civil War ideologies and disparate strategies of commemoration. Moreover, this study demonstrates how epideictic visions like the Harper's Weekly image work as public pedagogy that aid audiences in understanding the civic virtue relevant to ceremonial repetition.
Consideration of Existing Capacity in Screening Curve Method

The screening curve method (SCM) is an intuitive and fast model that estimates the least-cost generation mix for generation planning purposes. It calculates an economically adapted generation mix for a target load duration curve within a few seconds, but lacks many detailed considerations of the generation system. In order to improve SCM, many developments have been made in recent years. However, one of the biggest limitations had always been that the SCM assumed all capacity to be new with no existing capacity. This drawback made SCM less useful compared to other generation planning models. In this paper, we develop a direct way to model existing capacity in SCM. The proposed method is studied in this paper and is illustrated with an example. Finally, an ERCOT year 2030 case is simulated.
Chronic Hypoventilation Syndrome: Treatment with Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation

Chronic hypoventilation syndrome can be caused by many disease states, although it is more commonly seen in neuromuscular disorders. Assessment of hypoventilation includes measurement of carbon dioxide level, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function testing, and any other system involved, such as cardiac dysfunction or sleep abnormalities. Often, chronic hypoventilation is initially diagnosed during an episode of acute respiratory failure. The use of noninvasive ventilation with positive pressure, negative pressure, or gravitational devices can be an effective treatment option for some patients, thus obviating the need for a tracheostomy. Noninvasive ventilatory equipment such as the nasal or oral masks, mouthpieces, bi-level positive airway pressure, chest cuirasses, ponchos, or the iron lung, and the rocking bed or pneumobelt can each ventilate a certain type of patient adequately. Each has specific indications, advantages, and disadvantages and must be individualized to the patient's needs.
Is asthma associated with cognitive impairments? A meta-analytic review.

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Asthma is a chronic disease with significant health burden and socioeconomic and racial/ethnic disparities related to diagnosis and treatment. Asthma primarily affects the lungs, but can impact brain function through direct and indirect mechanisms. Some studies have suggested that asthma negatively impacts cognition, while others have failed to identify asthma-related cognitive compromise. We aimed to conduct a meta-analysis of cognition in individuals with asthma compared to that in healthy controls. We also examined the impact of some key potential moderators. Method: Data on cognitive outcome measures and sociodemographic, illness-related, and study-related variables were extracted from studies reporting cognitive test performance in individuals with asthma compared to that in controls. Results: There was no evidence of publication bias. A random-effects model examining differences in task performance between 2017 individuals with asthma and 2131 healthy controls showed significan...
8 – Rotational moulding of polymers

: Rotational moulding is a processing method used to produce hollow objects by loading a thermoplastic powder into a mould that is simultaneously rotated into two principal axes. Many rotomoulding applications use polymer powders with irregular surfaces, requiring nonspherical particle models to understand the process. In this chapter we present one of those models, looking in particular at the use of natural fibre reinforced thermoplastics (NFRP). The melt densification process of polyethylene powders filled with natural fibres is analysed to understand the underlying principles that take place in the consolidation of polymer-fibre systems processed by rotational moulding. These results can be used to assess the efficiency of reinforcements or as a quality control tool for rotomoulded products. Nanocomposite polymeric materials processed by rotational moulding are briefly discussed at the end of the chapter. Some comments on recent work on the use of biobased polymers, such as thermoplastic starch, in rotational moulding are also provided.
Enhancing Stability of Camelid and Shark Single Domain Antibodies: An Overview.

Single domain antibodies (sdAbs) are gaining a reputation as superior recognition elements as they combine the advantages of the specificity and affinity found in conventional antibodies with high stability and solubility. Melting temperatures (Tms) of sdAbs cover a wide range from below 50 to over 80 °C. Many sdAbs have been engineered to increase their Tm, making them stable until exposed to extreme temperatures. SdAbs derived from the variable heavy chains of camelid and shark heavy chain-only antibodies are termed VHH and VNAR respectively and generally exhibit some ability to refold and bind antigen after heat denaturation. This ability to refold varies from 0 to 100%, and is a property dependent on both intrinsic factors of the sdAb, as well as extrinsic conditions such as the sample buffer ionic strength, pH, and sdAb concentration. SdAbs have also been engineered to increase their solubility and refolding ability, which enables them to function even after exposure to temperatures that exceed their melting point. In addition, efforts to improve their stability at extreme pH and in the presence of chemical denaturants or proteases have been undertaken. Multiple routes have been employed to engineer sdAbs with these enhanced stabilities. The methods utilized to achieve these goals include grafting complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) onto stable frameworks, introduction of non-canonical disulfide bonds, random mutagenesis combined with stringent selection, point mutations such as inclusion of negative charges, and genetic fusions. Increases of up to 20 °C have been realized, pushing the Tm of some sdAbs to over 90 °C. Herein, we present an overview of the work done to stabilize sdAbs derived from camelids and sharks. Utilizing these various strategies sdAbs have been stabilized without significantly compromising their affinity, thereby providing superior reagents for detection, diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Factor XIII in plasma, but not in platelets, mediates red blood cell retention in clots and venous thrombus size in mice

The transglutaminase factor XIII (FXIII) stabilizes clots against mechanical and biochemical disruption and is essential for hemostasis. In vitro and in vivo models of venous thrombosis demonstrate that FXIII mediates clot size by promoting red blood cell (RBC) retention. However, the key source of FXIII and whether FXIII activity can be reduced to suppress thrombosis without imposing deleterious hemostatic consequences are 2 critical unresolved questions. FXIII is present in multiple compartments, including plasma (FXIIIplasma) as a heterotetramer of A2 and B2 subunits and platelets (FXIIIplt) as an A2 homodimer. We determined the role of the FXIII compartment and level in clot contraction, composition, and size in vitro and using in vivo models of hemostasis and venous thrombosis. Reducing overall FXIII levels decreased whole blood clot weight but did not alter thrombin generation or contraction of platelet-rich plasma clots. In reconstituted platelet-rich plasma and whole blood clot contraction assays, FXIIIplasma, but not FXIIIplt, produced high-molecular-weight fibrin crosslinks, promoted RBC retention, and increased clot weights. Genetically imposed reduction of FXIII delayed FXIII activation and fibrin crosslinking, suggesting FXIII levels mediate the kinetics of FXIII activation and activity and that the timing of these processes is a critical determinant of RBC retention during clot formation and contraction. A 50% reduction in FXIIIplasma produced significantly smaller venous thrombi but did not increase bleeding in tail transection or saphenous vein puncture models in vivo. Collectively, these findings suggest that partial FXIII reduction may be a therapeutic strategy for reducing venous thrombosis.
Current management of sarcoidosis I: pulmonary, cardiac, and neurologic manifestations.

Purpose of reviewSarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by noncaseating granulomatous inflammation of multiple organ systems. Pulmonary, cardiac, and neurologic involvements have the worst prognosis. Current recommendations for the therapeutic management and follow-up of sarcoidosis involvi
The relative importance of anammox and denitrification to total N2 production in Lake Erie

Abstract Production of dinitrogen gas via microbially mediated anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and denitrification plays an important role in removal of fixed N from aquatic ecosystems. Here, we investigated anammox and denitrification potentials via the 15N isotope pairing technique in the helium flushed bottom water (~0.2 m above the sediment) of Sandusky Bay, Sandusky Subbasin, and Central Basin in Lake Erie in three consecutive summers (2010−2012). Potential rates of anammox (0–922 nM/day) and denitrification (1 to 355 nM/day) varied greatly among sampling sites during the 3 years we studied. The relative importance of anammox to total N2 production potentially ranged from 0 to 100% and varied temporally and spatially. Our study represents one of the first efforts to measure potential activities of both anammox and denitrification in the water column of Lake Erie and our results indicate the Central Basin of Lake Erie is a hot spot for N removal through anammox and denitrification activities. Further, our data indicate that the water column, specifically hypolimnion, and the surface sediment of the Lake Erie Central Basin are comparatively important for microbially mediated N removal.
Set Theory: Taming the Infinite

“I see it, but I don’t believe it!” This disbelief of Georg Cantor in his own creations exemplifies the great skepticism that his work on infinite sets inspired in the mathematical community of the late nineteenth century. With his discoveries he single-handedly set in motion a tremendous mathematical earthquake that shook the whole discipline to its core, enriched it immeasurably, and transformed it forever. Besides disbelief, Cantor encountered fierce opposition among a considerable number of his peers, who rejected his discoveries about infinite sets on philosophical as well as mathematical grounds.
A New Standard for Incapacitated Patient Decision Making: The Clinical Standard of Surrogate Empowerment

Founded upon the primacy of the principle of respect for autonomy, three methods of surrogate decision making traditionally have been promoted to help the family and friends of incapacitated patients. Unfortunately, the standards of advance directives, substituted judgment, and best interests are often inadequate in practice. Studies report that few patients have formal, written advance directives; that patients often change their minds about treatment over time; that many patients are simply not ready or willing to plan ahead--in part, because some patients and families simply don't believe in autonomy; that those patients who do plan ahead often do not communicate their plans; and that while some patients want their directives followed strictly, many prefer that their surrogates use judgment in making decisions. After reviewing articles describing a variety of alternative approaches, a new clinical standard of surrogate empowerment is proposed to reconcile and integrate these observations and concepts. The "procedure" for this clinical standard is presented.
69 – Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Gender Differences and Similarities

Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are complex conditions which carry with them major health risk of increased morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance is a genetic predisposition in which the normal actions of insulin are impaired. Only in the face of environmental stress of such factors as decreased physical activity or excess body weight, this genetic trait presents as an abnormal condition called the metabolic syndrome, or insulin resistance syndrome, or syndrome X. The insulin resistance syndrome or metabolic syndrome is a clustering of cardiovascular risk factors, namely, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia (elevated plasma triglyceride [TG] concentration, decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]), abdominal obesity, hypertension, and elevated coagulation factors. Prevalence differed little among men (24%) and women (23.4%). Women with insulin resistance are prone to develop gestational diabetes during pregnancy and both men and women who have insulin resistance can progress to type 2 diabetes primarily prompted by age, increased body weight, and decreased physical activity.
Baseflow recession analysis in the inland Pacific Northwest of the United States

The storage-discharge relationships of 26 watersheds in the inland Pacific Northwest of the United States were analyzed. Four fitting methods were used to obtain the baseflow coefficients: lower envelope, organic correlation, and ordinary and inverse least squares. Several climatic and terrain attributes were evaluated as predictors of baseflow coefficients. Watersheds dominated by basalt and flatter landscapes exhibited the smallest recession time scales (K) (12.5–20.0 days). Greater K values (33.3–66.7 days) were obtained over catchments dominated by metamorphic and sedimentary rocks. Mean basin slope and the aridity index were found to be the best estimators of baseflow coefficients. Baseflow in flat basalt landscapes, located in dry warm climates, decrease rapidly during summer months and are most sensitive to future droughts and warming climates. Groundwater systems feeding streams during the driest months can drop to less than 1 mm of effective storage in these sensitive systems. In contrast, the minimum annual storage in mountainous systems can have greater than 10 mm effective storage. By understanding the main factors controlling baseflow recession characteristics, environmental agencies could prioritize efforts in areas where future droughts and land use changes may affect ecological assemblages and socio-economic activities.
Down syndrome fibroblasts exhibit diminished autophagic clearance and endosomal dysfunction after serum starvation

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic disorder caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 (Tri21). This unbalanced karyotype has the ability to produce proteotoxic stress and dysfunction of the proteostasis network (PN), which are mechanistically associated with several comorbidities found in the DS phenotype. Autophagy is the cellular process responsible for bulk protein degradation and its impairment could negatively impact protein quality control. Based on our previous observations of PN disruption in DS, we investigated possible dysfunction of the autophagic machinery in human DS fibroblasts. Both euploid (CTL) and DS fibroblasts induced autophagy successfully through serum starvation (SS), as evidenced by increased LC3-II abundance in CTL and DS. However, DS cells displayed evidence of autophagolysosome (AL) accumulation and impaired clearance of autophagosome cargo, e.g. accumulation of p62 and NBR1. Similar observations were also present in DS cells from multiple differentiation stages, implicating impeded autophagic degradation as a possible early pathologic mechanism in DS. Lysosomal pH and cathepsin B proteolytic activity were found to not differ in CTL and DS fibroblasts after SS, indicating that lysosomal dysfunction did not appear to contribute to unsuccessful autophagic clearance. Based on these results, we hypothesized that possible interference of the endosomal system with autophagy results in autophagosome fusion with endosomal vesicles and negatively impacts degradation. Consistent with this hypothesis, we observed increased abundance of the recycling endosome marker, Rab11, after SS in DS fibroblasts. Further, colocalization of autophagosome markers with resident proteins of early endosomes, late endosomes and recycling endosomes (Rab11) further support our hypothesis. In summary, our work is consistent with impairment of autophagic flux and general PN dysfunction as candidate mechanisms for pathology in DS.
Local Low-Rank Hawkes Processes for Temporal User-Item Interactions

Hawkes processes have become very popular in modeling multiple recurrent user-item interaction events that exhibit mutual-excitation properties in various domains. Generally, modeling the interaction sequence of each user-item pair as an independent Hawkes process is ineffective since the prediction accuracy of future event occurrences for users and items with few observed interactions is low. On the other hand, multivariate Hawkes processes (MHPs) can be used to handle multi-dimensional random processes where different dimensions are correlated with each other. However, an MHP either fails to describe the correct mutual influence between dimensions or become computational inhibitive in most real-world events involving a large collection of users and items. To tackle this challenge, we propose local low-rank Hawkes processes to model large-scale user-item interactions, which efficiently captures the correlations of Hawkes processes in different dimensions. In addition, we design an efficient convex optimization algorithm to estimate model parameters and present a parallel algorithm to further increase the computation efficiency. Extensive experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate the performance improvements of our model in comparison with the state of the art.
Testing a Dimensional Versus a Typological Approach to the Communal Coping Model in the Context of Type 2 Diabetes.

The impact of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is far reaching, influencing the lives of both patients and their families. The communal coping model argues that people cope with stress in the context of their...
José Echenique, Los conflictos sociales en el Comahue y otros trabajos, Neuquén, Educo, 2018

Revista de Historia, N° 19, Diciembre 2018, pp. 243-245 Departamento de Historia, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Nacional del Comahue. ISSN-e 2591-3190 http://revele.uncoma.edu.ar/htdoc/revele/index.php/historia/index RESENAS Jose Echenique, Los conflictos sociales en el Comahue y otros trabajos, Neuquen, Educo, 2018 Ariel Petruccelli
Use and duration of chemotherapy (CT) in patients (pts) with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) according to tumor subtype (TS) and line of therapy (tx).

6089 Background: Benefits of CT vary widely in MBC pts. We aimed to describe the impact of breast cancer TS and line of tx on the duration of CT. Methods: In a retrospective analysis, we identified...
Genetic Analysis of a Cryptic Contact Zone between Mitochondrial Clades of the Eastern Red-Backed Salamander, Plethodon cinereus

Abstract When evolutionarily divergent lineages adjoin their geographic ranges after a period of isolation, myriad outcomes can occur, from population anastomosis to the evolution of reproductive i...
HR policy attribution: Implications for work-family person-environment fit

Abstract The person-environment fit framework has been increasingly used as a theoretical foundation for work-family research. As this use has grown, several gaps and opportunities regarding its application to this literature have emerged. The present paper draws on attribution theory to build a conceptual model that explains the cognitive processes through which work-family human resource practices are linked to person-environment work-family fit perceptions. We distinguish between employee attributions of work-family practices to an environmental source and attributions about that source's intent in adopting the practice. We argue that these attributions play a critical part in determining the supplies available to an employee to segment or integrate work and family domains. We further link these attributions to attitudes and behaviors targeted at specific environmental levels (i.e., the organization and supervisor) through work-family fit mechanisms. Finally, we explain how our model helps to explain inconsistent research findings and can inform future research drawing on work-family fit frameworks.
Laser-induced Acoustic Breakage of Tobacco Mosaic Virus

Hamrick and Cleary recently reported alterations in biological systems produced by the intense acoustic transients that are generated when a Q-spoiled laser impulse is used to irradiate an optically absorbing material1. The statement that their samples of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were exposed to “positive acoustic pressure transients”, coupled with the conclusion that the breakage of particles was found to depend on the surface boundary conditions of the irradiated medium, may, however, lead to some confusion.
Perioperative Hypothermia after Transurethral Surgeries: Is it Necessary to Heat the Irrigation Fluids?

Objective To investigate the role of heated irrigation fluids in the risk of hypothermia and related complications in patients undergoing transurethral procedures. Methods The medical records of all patients who underwent transurethral procedures between 2000 and 2016 at the VA Hospital were reviewed. Irrigation fluids have been heated to 42°C since 2013, as per the institutional policy (Group II). Prior to this date, room temperature solutions were used (Group I). The perioperative body temperature, use of warming devices, procedure length, and anaesthesia type were extracted from records and compared for both groups. In addition, demographic and anthropometric data, preoperative comorbidities, laboratory data, admission information and postoperative complications were obtained from the quality improvement database. Results There were 1,363 patients in Group I and 269 patients in Group II. Perioperative temperature was decreased by 0.10°C in Group I compared to a temperature gain of 0.32°C in Group II (p<0.001). Three hundred and forty-eight (21%) patients undergoing transurethral procedures developed hypothermia <36°C. There was no difference in the incidence of postoperative mortality or complications between the normothermic and hypothermic patients. Conclusion The replacement of room temperature solutions with warmed solutions for irrigation during transurethral procedures reduced the risk of temperature loss and hypothermia following these procedures. Available heating strategies effectively prevented the perioperative heat loss; however, such strategies did not affect the incidence of postoperative complications.
Pre-Pregnancy Intimate Partner Violence and Short Interbirth Interval: The Role of Insurance Status.

Short interbirth interval (IBI) has serious adverse health consequences, yet has an estimated prevalence of 35% in the United States. Similarly, intimate partner violence (IPV) around time of pregn...
Indolent T-/NK-Cell Lymphoproliferative Disorders

While the majority of NK/T-cell neoplasms are unfavorable in clinical outcome, a few pathologic variants demonstrate relatively indolent behavior. These include primarily four types of tissue-based T-cell or NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorders and two leukemic forms of T-cell or NK-cell lymphoproliferative disorder. The diagnostic criteria and other clinicopathologic features of these entities are discussed as question and answer format.
Custom-Designed, Degradation-Resistant Messenger RNAs in Yeast

Structured RNA elements that protect RNA transcripts from 5′→3′ degradation are becoming useful research tools. Here we show that exonuclease-resistant RNA structures (xrRNAs) from Flaviviruses can be used to protect heterologous messenger RNAs (mRNAs) from 5′→3′ degradation in budding yeast. Installation of xrRNAs ahead of a downstream internal ribosome entry site (IRES) leads to the accumulation of partially-degraded mRNAs that are substrates for cap-independent translation of a LacZ reporter, yielding a 30-fold increase in measured β-galactosidase activity. Additionally, by monitoring the translation of dual-luciferase reporters we show that xrRNA sequences do not interfere with the progression of an elongating ribosome. Combined these data indicate that xrRNA elements can be used in creative ways to stabilize RNAs with potentially useful applications.
Fibrinolytics for Managing Pleural Empyema

Parapneumonic effusions and empyema present a difficult challenge to thoracic surgeons. While early surgical intervention is successful, it can come at a significant cost in terms of morbidity, utilization of resources and hospital length of stay. The use of fibrinolytics has been extensively studied to minimize the need for surgical intervention, with varied results. There has been growing evidence for the efficacy of intrapleural fibrinolytics for treating pleural effusions and empyema, especially if the stage of the parapneumonic effusion (exudative, fibrinopurulent, organizing) is considered. Fibrinolytics are not helpful in patients with an organized pleural effusion characterized by a thick peel on the lung, with associated ingrowth of fibroblasts, but may avoid the need for surgery in earlier phases.
Chyloperitoneum following open myelomeningocele repair: dealing with an extremely rare finding

Chyloperitoneum is an extremely rare finding following myelomeningocele (MMC) repair in neonates. We aimed to describe the characteristics of such a case and explore its clinical significance. A male baby born at term with open MMC and hydrocephalus underwent MMC repair surgery with rotational flaps on the first postnatal day. The procedure was uneventful. Three days later, he underwent a right ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) insertion. On opening the peritoneum, a remarkable amount of yellowish opaque fluid was observed. Chyloperitoneum was suspected, but the VPS procedure was completed as planned. Biochemical analysis was consistent with that of chyle. Neonatal chylous ascites is a rare condition; hence, available data on pathophysiology and therapy in the literature are scarce. It is postulated that the MMC repair in neonates causes abdominal tautness, which leads to rupture of small lymphatics and raised intraportal pressure. The combination of these two processes results in extravasation of chyle from the gastrointestinal tract. Presence of chyloperitoneum is not a contraindication for VPS insertion. Chyloperitoneum is an extremely rare sequela of MMC repair in neonates. Pediatric neurosurgeons should be aware of it, especially when a VPS procedure is to follow a repair, in order to know how to deal with it and avoid unnecessary abandonment of the shunt.
Outcomes of OSA in surgically naïve young children with and without DISE identified laryngomalacia.

Abstract Introduction Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in young children is caused by upper airway obstruction and is associated with changes in cognitive development, temperament and behavior. Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is often utilized as first line therapy for pediatric OSA. Children with laryngomalacia (LM) have a high chance of residual OSA after AT. There is paucity of literature regarding surgically naive young children with OSA and laryngomalacia. Our study aimed to compare demographics, comorbidities and outcomes associated with OSA in surgically naive young children with and without laryngomalacia. Methods Retrospective chart review of surgically naive young children ( Results 79 surgically naive young children with PSG diagnosed OSA performed between 2015 and 2019 were included in the study. Children with LM were younger in age (11 months) and had a higher OSA-18 score (35) compared to children without LM (17 months) (OSA-18 score: 5). No significant difference was noted in the pre-DISE PSG parameters in the 2 groups. 56.1% of children with OSA and laryngomalacia did not need AT. Both children with and without laryngomalacia showed improvement in AHI on post-DISE PSG. Higher baseline AHI was associated with greater improvement in AHI. Conclusion Surgically naive young children with OSA and LM present earlier than those without LM and report a significantly worse quality of life Young children with a higher baseline AHI were found to have greater improvement in severity of OSA post-DISE and surgical intervention. Majority of children with OSA and laryngomalacia did not need adenotonsillectomy after a preprocedural DISE assessment yet showed similar improvement in AHI. More studies are needed to determine which patients with OSA and laryngomalacia will need multilevel interventions.
Constructing the Legend: A Study of Du Mu in Anecdotes

This paper investigates a prominent issue in scholarship on one of the best known late Tang poets, Du Mu 杜牧 (803–ca. 852): his traditional image as a libertine, which has been overshadowed the rese...
Advances Toward the Next Generation Fire Detection: Deep LSTM Variational Autoencoder for Improved Sensitivity and Reliability

Fire detection is a critical component of a building safety monitoring system and remains an important research area with weighty practical relevance. Significant advances have occurred in recent years in building automation, and the operation of buildings has become more complex and requires ever more effective monitoring systems. In this work, we develop a novel fire detection method using deep Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks and variational autoencoder (VAE) to meet these increasingly stringent requirements and outperform existing fire detection methods. To evaluate the effectiveness of our method, we develop high-fidelity simulations, and we use datasets from real-world fire and non-fire experiments provided by NIST. We compare and discuss the performance of our proposed fire detection with alternative methods, including the standard LSTM, cumulative sum control chart (CUSUM), exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA), and two currently used fixed-temperature heat detectors. The results using the simulation-based and the real-world experiments are complementary, and they indicate that the LSTM-VAE robustly outperforms the other detection methods with, for example, statistically significant shorter alarm time lags, no missed detection, and no false alarms. The results also identify shortcomings of other detection methods and indicate a clear ranking among them (LSTM-VAE $\mathrm {\succ }EWMA\succ LSTM\mathrm {\succ }CUSUM$ ).
Osteoporosis: Recent Recommendations and Positions of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the International Society for Clinical Densitometry.

» Osteoporosis is common in orthopaedic patients, not only in those sustaining fragility fractures but also in patients ≥50 years old who are having elective orthopaedic surgery. » The American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) has developed consensus-based recommendations for secondary fracture prevention for all patients who are ≥65 years old with a hip or spine fracture. » The ASBMR encourages orthopaedic surgeons to "Own the Bone," by beginning prevention of a secondary fracture during hospitalization for a fragility fracture, if practicable, and arranging follow-up for continued bone health care after discharge. » The International Society for Clinical Densitometry (ISCD) recognized that many poor outcomes and complications of elective orthopaedic surgery are related to osteoporosis. » The ISCD used an evidence-based approach to create official positions to identify which patients ≥50 years old who are having elective orthopaedic surgery should undergo assessment of bone health and how this should be performed.
Heterogeneity in the Effects of College Course Placement

Traditionally colleges have relied on standalone non-credit-bearing developmental education (DE) to support students academically and ensure readiness for college-level courses. As emerging evidence has raised concerns about the effectiveness of DE courses, colleges and states have been experimenting with approaches that place students into credit-bearing coursework more quickly. To better understand which types of students might be most likely to benefit from being placed into college-level math coursework, this study examines heterogeneity in the causal effects of placement into college-level courses using a regression discontinuity design and administrative data from the state of Texas. We focus on student characteristics that are related to academic preparation or might signal a student’s likelihood of success or need for additional support and might therefore be factors considered for placement into college-level courses under “holistic advising” or “multiple measures” initiatives. We find heterogeneity in outcomes for many of the measures we examined. Students who declared an academic major designation, had bachelor’s degree aspirations, tested below college readiness on multiple subjects, were designated as Limited English Proficiency (LEP), and/or were economically disadvantaged status were more likely to benefit from placement into college-level math. Part-time enrollment or being over the age of 21 were associated with reduced benefits from placement into college-level math. We do not find any heterogeneity in outcomes for our high school achievement measure, three or more years of math taken in high school.
Next week's weather forecast: cloudy, cold, with a chance of cardiac arrest.

The relationship between lower ambient temperature and increased incidence of cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest, has been demonstrated in a number of previous retrospective observational studies. For example, Arntz et al examined 5 years of consecutive cardiac arrests occurring in (West) Berlin between 1987 and 1991 and found that the incidence was 18.7% higher during the winter months when using summer months as the comparator.1 This increase was most pronounced in people aged over 65 years. In the warmer climate of Los Angeles, Kloner et al found similar results, with the highest incidence of cardiac arrest and coronary death occurring in December and January and the lowest between June and September.2 Interestingly, they also noted that the highest incidence occurred around the end-of-year holidays and acknowledged that this could not be explained by meteorological factors alone. They posited that overindulgence and holiday-related stress may be contributing factors. These descriptive data suggest that the occurrence of emergency coronary events including cardiac arrest is the end result of a complex network of factors including patient predisposition, age, weather, stress, overindulgence and physical exertion. A deeper understanding of this matrix may lead to improved prevention, allocation of resources and timely treatment of cardiovascular emergencies. Advancing research along these lines, in ‘A machine learning model for predicting the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using meteorological data,’ Nakashima et al 3 employ a novel approach to predict the incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Japan. The analysis combines data from the All-Japan Utstein Registry of OHCA cases with high-resolution meteorological and chronological data to predict daily OHCA incidence based on weather patterns. The cardiac arrests …
Red Blood Cell Stiffness Driving Patient Symptoms: A Study of Red Blood Cell Population Rigidity in Sickle Cell Patient Genotype SC Relation to Overlooked Clinical Symptoms

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a systemic hematological disease. Various genotypes of the disease exist; however, the two most common include hemoglobin SS (Hgb SS) and hemoglobin SC (Hgb SC) disease. Hgb SC is typically considered a less severe genotype; however, some patients with SC disease still have significant complications. Ektacytometry is utilized to measure red blood cell deformability in sickle cell patients and may help identify patients at risk for severe disease. We described a patient with genotype hemoglobin SC with a more severe phenotype, who we show to have very rigid red blood cells via ektacytometry.
Impacts of Light Rail Transit on Labor Participation and Housing Affordability in the U.S.: Longitudinal Analysis Using Propensity Score Matching:

Planners and planning scholars have debated the effects of public transit on changes in various employment outcomes. However, few studies have tried to understand how public transit affects employm...