cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
STUDIES IN THE LIQUID-DROP THEORY OF NUCLEAR FISSION

Abstract In connection with nuclear fission we study the division of an idealized charged drop, using a simplified version of the liquid-drop model. The degrees of freedom essential to a discussion of the division of a charged drop and the separation of the fragments to infinity are taken into account: a fragment-separation coordinate, a mass-asymmetry coordinate, a deformation coordinate for each fragment and rotational coordinates for each fragment. To specify fragment deformation, the fragments are represented by spheroids; a nucleus prior to division is represented by two overlapping spheroids. The Hamiltonian for the idealized system consists of a sum of surface, Coulomb and kinetic energies. A study of the saddle-point energies and shapes calculated in this two-spheroid approximation indicates that the approximation is most useful for discussing the fission of elements lighter than about radium. On the basis of this model, we calculate probability distributions for certain observable characteristics of fission fragments at infinity — their total translational kinetic energy, mass, individual excitation energies and individual angular momenta. This is done by applying standard static, dynamical and statistical methods to the Hamiltonian for the system. The present treatment, for the most part, is classical; quantum mechanics is considered only in the statistical-mechanics discussion of the behaviour of the system near the saddle point. The predictions of the model are compared with existing experimental data for distributions in fragment mass and total translational kinetic energy for nuclei lighter than radium. The comparisons are made without the use of any adjustable parameters. The theory is capable of accounting for the magnitudes of the most probable values and widths of the experimental distributions, as well as some, but not all, finer details of the distributions. The dependence of the experimental distributions upon nuclear temperature, and the dependence of the experimental most probable kinetic energies upon the fissility parameter are also approximately reproduced by the calculations.
Defense-related gene expression and enzyme activities in transgenic cotton plants expressing an endochitinase gene from Trichoderma virens in response to interaction with Rhizoctonia solani

There are many reports on obtaining disease-resistance trait in plants by overexpressing genes from diverse organisms that encode chitinolytic enzymes. Current study represents an attempt to dissect the mechanism underlying the resistance to Rhizoctonia solani in cotton plants expressing an endochitinase gene from Trichoderma virens. Several assays were developed that provided a powerful demonstration of the disease protection obtained in the transgenic cotton plants. Transgene-dependent endochitinase activity was confirmed in various tissues and in the medium surrounding the roots of transformants. Biochemical and molecular analyses conducted on the transgenic plants showed rapid/greater induction of ROS, expression of several defense-related genes, and activation of some PR enzymes and the terpenoid pathway. Interestingly, even in the absence of a challenge from the pathogen, the basal activities of some of the defense-related genes and enzymes were higher in the endochitinase-expressing cotton plants. This elevated defensive state of the transformants may act synergistically with the potent, transgene-encoded endochitinase activity to confer a strong resistance to R. solani infection.
Demonstration Technique for Animal Science Extension in Causing Change of Small Dairy Milking Management

Abstract Two extension methods were compared within a mastitis awareness program: 1) traditional method of writing articles and conducting county meetings, 2) demonstration technique with personal contacts at the farm. A random county survey before and after the project showed 8% more dairymen adopted the teat dip-dry cow therapy procedures in the counties where the demonstration project was. Milk company officials, fieldmen, laboratory personnel, county dairy agents, Dairy Herd Improvement supervisors cooperatively helped to contact over 750 dairies, 347 of which actively participated. Participation of dairymen was directly proportional to the number of visits the fieldman made to each dairy. Changes in milk production and cell counts for all herds were the criteria to measure the value of the program. Milk production increased for the treatment group .88 kg/cow per day compared to control herds. Treatment herds averaged the lowest bulk tank somatic cell count, 770,000 cells/ml throughout the project.
Institutional frameworks for the study of mountain environments and development

During the two decades since the 1972 Stockholm Conference the concern for mountain environments coalesced under an institutional framework involving several organizations and many scholars and scientists. The evolution of the progress of these interested individuals, institutions, and their scholarly journal is outlined with benchmarks noted. An appraisal of the past two decades is given here in recognition of the UNCED-92 conference, the “Earth Summit.”
Strategies and Insights Into Sca-Compliant Waveform Application Development

Embedded communications engineers are faced with numerous challenges as radio technology drives towards Software-Defined Radio (SDR)-based heterogenous compute platforms. The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) program has attempted to ease development and porting costs by requiring the use of the Software Communication Architecture (SCA) for SDR systems. The SCA is there to help understanding by providing a common framework; however, communication engineers must work in an unfamiliar environment filled with system software concepts such as Object Oriented Programming (OOP), Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), and middleware using Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA). The addition of SCA to SDR development is impacting design methods, work flow, testing, and tooling. Understanding of these impacts, and how to best capitalize on the benefits of SCA, is imperative to the success of any SCA-compliant development. This paper will provide insights into SCA development, work flow, testing, and tooling. This paper will also present an approach to leverage SCA as a means of abstracting the radio management software from the radio functional software components and further parallelize system development.
Alteration of human granulocyte functional responses by menadione.

Abstract Menadione is a synthetic derivative of the natural vitamins K with antiinflammatory activity among its potentially significant clinical properties. We have found this agent to stimulate the production of superoxide anion (O2−) in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and dimethylsulfoxide-differentiated HL-60 cells in a time-, cell number-, and drug concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, menadione attenuates both O2− production and lysozyme release in cells stimulated by phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), fMetLeuPhe, or Ca2+ ionophore. 4-Acetamido-4′-isothiocyano-2-2′-disulfonic acid stilbene and 4,4′-diisothiocyano-2-2′disulfonic acid stilbene, agents which inhibit transmembrane O2−) flux, do not alter menadione's effects on superoxide dismutase (SOD) inhibitable cytochrome c reduction in resting or PMA-stimulated PMN. Likewise, quinone reductase inhibitors, warfarin and dicumarol, known to attenuate vitamin K-dependent responses and enhance quinone-mediated oxidative stress, have no effect upon menadione-stimulated O2− production. Furthermore, menadione-induced suppression of stimulus-mediated lysozyme release is not reversed by cotreatment with oxygen metabolite scavenging enzymes SOD and catalase. Nevertheless, under conditions of restricted oxygen supply, the suppressive effect of menadione on stimulant-induced lysozyme release is greatly diminished. Thus, although pharmacological manipulation suggests otherwise, there appears to exist at least a component of the inhibitory activity of menadione that is oxygen dependent, and may be oxidative stress-related.
Acute bouts of active and passive leg cycling attenuate the amplitude of the soleus H-reflex in humans

This study compared the immediate and prolonged effects of acute bouts of active and passive leg cycling on the soleus H-reflex among 12 young healthy men. The soleus H-reflex was measured immediately before and then 10 and 30 min after 20 min of active, unloaded leg cycling, passively induced leg cycling, and quiet rest. The primary novel finding was a significant reduction in the amplitude of the soleus H-reflex 10 and 30 min after both active and passive leg cycling compared to no change after quiet rest. These results suggest that cycling exercise produces an immediate and prolonged attenuation of the H-reflex, and this attenuation is likely caused by the influence of afferent mechanoreceptors rather than by the influence of central motor command.
Economic and Political Objectives in Fishery Management

(1973). Economic and Political Objectives in Fishery Management. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society: Vol. 102, No. 2, pp. 481-491.
Rate constants and hydrogen isotope substitution effects in the CH3 + HCl and CH3 + Cl2 reactions.

The kinetics of the CH3 + Cl2 (k2a) and CD3 + Cl2 (k2b) reactions were studied over the temperature range 188−500 K using laser photolysis−photoionization mass spectrometry. The rate constants of these reactions are independent of the bath gas pressure within the experimental range, 0.6−5.1 Torr (He). The rate constants were fitted by the modified Arrhenius expression, k2a = 1.7 × 10−13(T/300 K)2.52exp(5520 J mol−1/RT) and k2b = 2.9 × 10−13(T/300 K)1.84exp(4770 J mol−1/RT) cm3 molecule−1 s−1. The results for reaction 2a are in good agreement with the previous determinations performed at and above ambient temperature. Rate constants of the CH3 + Cl2 and CD3 + Cl2 reactions obtained in this work exhibit minima at about 270−300 K. The rate constants have positive temperature dependences above the minima, and negative below. Deuterium substitution increases the rate constant, in particular at low temperatures, where the effect reaches ca. 45% at 188 K. These observations are quantitatively rationalized in ter...
'Quantum Jumps' and Indistinguishability

Ghirardi, Rimini and Weber have presented a statistical modification of non-relativistic quantum mechanics which unifies the description of microscopic and macroscopic systems of distinct particles. We revise their proposal to cover systems of indistinguishable particles. Testable, mathematically precise, realist models of non-relativistic physics result. We give empirically derived bounds on the model parameters.
The effects of inflammation on heart rate and rhythm in a canine model of cardiac surgery.

Background Heart rate (HR) and rhythm disturbances are common after cardiac surgery. This study tests the hypothesis that the inflammation caused by cardiac surgery is an underlying mechanism for postoperative changes in HR, rhythm, and HR variability (HRV). Method And Results Normal canines (n = 6 per group) were divided into 4 groups: (1) anesthesia, (2) sternotomy and pericardiotomy, (3) atriotomy, and (4) corticosteroids combined with an atriotomy. Continuous electrocardiographic recordings were done preoperatively and for 3 postoperative days. Electrophysiologic testing was done at the initial and terminal surgeries. C-reactive protein level was assessed at each study day, and tissue myeloperoxidase activity was assessed at the terminal study. Measurements of HRV were determined daily to detect changes in autonomic tone. Postoperatively, the HR increased in the pericardiotomy ( P = .0005) and atriotomy ( P = .001) groups and HRV decreased in both the groups. No significant change occurred in either the HR or HRV in the anesthesia ( P = .52) and steroid ( P = .16) groups. HRV (triangular index) on postoperative day 3 was correlated with the tissue myeloperoxidase levels ( r = − .83; P = .0004). Autonomic blockade with atropine and esmolol resulted in an HR and HRV that were not significantly different between groups. Atrial premature beats occurred postoperatively in the all the groups except the anesthesia group and were independent of the degree of inflammation. Conclusion Cardiac surgery increases the postoperative HR by reducing HRV, mostly because of a reduction in vagal tone. Furthermore, the magnitude of these changes is dependent on the degree of inflammation and is normalized by corticosteroids.
Models for hospital location and capacity allocation for an area prone to natural disasters

This paper develops and analyses two basic models for hospital location and capacity allocation. The focus is on an area prone to natural disasters. The first model seeks to locate hospitals and allocate capacities so that the mean travel distance for patients to hospitals is minimised over a variety of disaster scenarios. The second model seeks to reallocate capacity among hospitals so as to maximise the system's effectiveness to the upcoming disaster event. Heuristic solution methods of the two models are investigated, so as to make the approach computationally viable and to gain insight into the location and capacity allocation strategies. A regional planner can use these models in various ways. For earthquake prone areas (where there is little forewarning), the first model's results can be compared to the current hospital locations and capacity allocations. A plan can then be developed to shift capacity between hospitals or in an extreme case to relocate hospitals so as to be better prepared for a disaster event. For hurricane prone areas (where there is considerable forewarning), the second model can be used to develop a plan for reallocation of capacities between hospitals in anticipation of the event. Furthermore, the first model can be used to better locate hospitals and select capacities for an area that is being rebuilt after a large magnitude hurricane has largely destroyed the area (as Hurricane KATRINA did to New Orleans in 2005). The results are illustrated with the help of case studies ? one based on earthquake scenario in Northridge, California, and another based on a hurricane scenario in New Orleans.
A Discussion of Rodolphe Gasché's Europe, or The Infinite Task

AbstractOne of the challenges facing Continental Philosophy is how to maintain its identity as "Continental" (and thus as "European") while avoiding the dangers of Euro-centrism. This challenge calls for many approaches, but one entry point is through the question of Europe—can we think a European identity that is pluralistic and radically open to its others, a Europe that is not Euro-centric? Rodolphe Gasche, in his recently published Europe, or the Infinite Task: A Study of a Philosophical Concept (Stanford 2009), articulates just such a concept of Europe, providing careful studies of Husserl, Heidegger, Patocka, and Derrida, as well as his own insights. In spring of 2009, the Department of Philosophy at DePaul University invited Prof. Gasche for a discussion of Europe, or the Infinite Task. Peg Birmingham and Franklin Perkins presented papers engaging and responding to the book, and Rodolphe Gasche subsequently offered his response. The three essays are published together here, with slight revisions bu...
Evaluation of alternative nitrogen and carbon sources for sugarbeet suspension culture platings in development of cell selection schemes

Low molecular weight nitrogenous impurity compounds as well as raffinose are negative quality factors that interfere with efficient processing of sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.) for sucrose. In order to identify nutrient media for cell selection of biochemical mutants or transgenics that might have reduced levels of these processing impurities, the ability of 10 endogenous compounds to serve as sole nitrogen or carbon source for suspension plating and subculture callus growth was evaluated. The most productive concentrations of nitrate, ammonium, l-glutamine, l-glutamate, urea, and l-proline as sole nitrogen sources supported plating callus growth at 106, 159, 233, 167, 80, and 52%, respectively, as well as the historical 60 mM mix of nitrate and ammonium in Murashige-Skoog medium. Glycine betaine and choline did not support growth. d(+) Raffinose and d(+) galactose supported plating callus growth only 67 and 25%, respectively, as well as sucrose as sole carbohydrate source. No callus growth occurred on glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine as the sole carbon or carbon plus nitrogen source. Platings on either nitrate or ammonium as sole nitrogen source did not differ in sensitivity to the nitrate uptake inhibitor phenylglyoxal, suggesting that phenylglyoxal lacks the specificity for use in selection for mutants of nitrate uptake. The ability of raffinose to be used as the carbon source, and glutamine or glutamate as the nitrogen source, may preclude their use for selection of genetic variants accumulating less of these processing impurities. However, mutants or transgenics able to utilize either glutamine, glutamate, or glycine betaine might be selectable on media containing any one of these as carbon, nitrogen, or carbon plus nitrogen source, respectively, that is incapable of supporting wild-type cell growth.
Phase functions of polar mesospheric cloud ice as observed by the CIPS instrument on the AIM satellite

Abstract The Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument on the Aeronomy of the Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) spacecraft is a 4-camera nadir pointed imager with a bandpass centered at 265 nm and a field of view of 120°×80°. CIPS observes polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) against the sunlit Rayleigh-scattered background. At individual polar locations approximately 5 km×5 km in area, CIPS observes the same volume of air seven times over a range of scattering angles from about 35° to 150°. These multi-angle observations allow the identification and extraction of the PMC scattered radiance from the Rayleigh-scattered background. We utilize the fact that the former has a highly asymmetric phase function about 90° scattering angle, while the latter has a phase function that is symmetric. The retrieved PMC phase function can then be interpreted to obtain PMC particle size distributions. We describe a technique for identification of PMCs in the CIPS observations through the separation of the Rayleigh and PMC radiances. PMC phase function results are shown for the first season of CIPS observations. Assuming the particles are oblate spheroids with an axial ratio of 2, and a Gaussian distribution of width 14 nm, we find the phase functions are consistent with mean radii between 50 and 60 nm. These results are similar to those discussed by Hervig et al. [2009. Interpretation of SOFIE PMC measurements: cloud identification and derivation of mass density, particle shape, and particle size. J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys., in review.] in this issue from the Solar Occultation for Ice Experiment (SOFIE) which also flies on the AIM satellite.
Review: evidence on the effectiveness of interventions to assist patient adherence to prescribed medications is limited.

Source Citation McDonald HP, Garg AX, Haynes RB. Interventions to enhance patient adherence to medication prescriptions: scientific review. JAMA. 2002;288:2868-79. 12472329
The Long Path to the IBM-Mexico Agreement: An Analysis of the Microcomputer Investment Negotiations 1983–86

Studies of negotiation have proliferated, but few, especially in international business, have systematically detailed the complexity of negotiations in situ. This paper describes and explains the widely publicized, controversial talks between IBM and the Mexican government that followed IBM's proposal to established a 100%-owned personal computer assembly plant near Guadalajara.
Transportation-Based Framework for Deriving Perturbations to the Inoperability Input-Output Model

The Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM) provides a mechanism to enable examination of interdependencies among economic sectors to estimate the effects of a disruptive event. In previous IIM applications, parametric analyses were used to represent uncertain model inputs that created ambiguity in physical interpretations. This paper develops a transportation-based framework for decomposing the IIM inputs into two components: (1) workforce and (2) commodity flows. For workforce analysis, we estimate the number of workers using a particular asset, the normal income level, and the reduced income resulting from a disruption. For commodity analysis, we estimate the value of goods traveling across a particular asset and the resulting reduction due to a disruption. The workforce and commodity formulations were demonstrated using an ex post analysis of the 2003 closure of Virginia’s Midtown Tunnel. The study utilized a computer tool to execute the model and to perform sensitivity analysis to account for the data...
Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is a good option in patients with abnormal esophageal motility

Background Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and abnormal esophageal motility are the most controversial subgroup of surgically treated patients because of potentially increased risk of postoperative dysphagia. Our study aim was to determine if Nissen fundoplication is associated with increased postoperative dysphagia in patients with ineffective esophageal motility.
Cardiovascular dynamics during coronary sinus, right atrial, and right ventricular pacing

Abstract Permanent pervenous right atrial pacing has not been widely used to date. The coronary sinus may provide a site from where reliable permanent pacing can be performed so as to preserve atrial contribution in patients with intact A-V conduction who require pacing, as in sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, and recurrent tachyarrhythmias. To test this hypothesis, 15 individuals, 37 to 70 years old (average 56.6 years), with a variety of heart diseases, but with normal A-V conduction, were studied. After control cardiac index had been obtained, coronary sinus, right atrial pacing, and right ventricular pacing were performed at two levels above the control sinus rate. Mean cardiac index was virtually identical for coronary sinus and right atrial pacing at the first level, 2.38 and 2.37 L./min./M. 2 , respectively, and at the second level, 2.45 and 2.42 L./min./M. 2 , respectively. During the first level of right ventricular pacing mean cardiac index was 1.87 L./min./M. 2 , 21.8 per cent lower than during coronary sinus pacing (p 2 , 23.3 per cent lower than during coronary sinus pacing (p The coronary sinus provides an area from which the heart can be paced with the hemodynamic advantages of atrial pacing if intact A-V conduction exists.
Relativistic Energy Loss by Ionization in Nuclear Emulsions

The variation in grain density in the tracks of 5-, 8-, 12-, and 24-GeV/c protons and 5-GeV/c pions has been investigated as a function of velocity in the same plate of an Ilford K-5 nuclear emulsion. About 80 000 blobs were counted for each beam. The pion-to-proton ratio of grain densities at 5 GeV/c is 1.114 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006. The results are in agreement with the Sternheimer formula using a mean ionization potential for AgBr of 434 eV and a cutoff energy ${T}_{0}$ of 2-5 keV. Comparison of these data with an earlier experiment in a G-5 emulsion shows no dependence of the rate of the relativistic rise in grain density on type of emulsion. The combined data from the two experiments are in excellent agreement with Sternheimer's formula with $I=434$ eV and ${T}_{0}=5$ keV with no correction due to secondary ionization. A correction for secondary ionization corresponding to a 10% contribution due to secondary ionization at minimum ionization gives excellent agreement with $I=434$ eV and ${T}_{0}=2$ keV.
Energy-efficient utility maximization for wireless networks with/without multipath routing

Abstract In wireless networks, end-to-end communication depends on link capacities which, in turn, are determined by transmit powers of interfering links. Optimal network performance and energy efficiency can be achieved by jointly optimizing congestion control and power control. In this paper, we study this joint optimization problem by formulating it into convex programming, i.e., we maximize a compound function which is a network utility function minus a factor, named tradeoff factor, of the associated power cost. We prove that this tradeoff factor is essential for good energy efficiency while maintaining the network throughput at a satisfactory level. The problem is solved by a distributed dual-decomposition based algorithm energy efficient jointly optimal congestion and power control (EJOC). EJOC tackles the power control problem in a recursive manner, operating as easily as the steepest descent method but converging much faster. This optimization framework is further extended to networks where each data source may have multiple alternative paths to its destination. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm converges faster than other algorithm and is capable of significantly improving the energy efficiency of the network.
A Critique and Qualified Defense of “Correctional Quackery”

Correctional programs that do not have a discernible effect on recidivism have been dismissed as “correctional quackery” by some scholars. We argue that labeling programs and practices as “quackery...
Do emotionally perceptive leaders motivate higher employee performance? The moderating role of task interdependence and power distance

Abstract Extant emotional intelligence research has examined the relationship between employees' emotional intelligence and their job performance. We developed theory to extend this line of research to the domain of leader–employee relationships. Integrating emotional intelligence research with social exchange theory, we contended that leaders' emotion perceptions enhance employees' job performance. Drawing from social impact theory, we further argued that the strength of this relationship depends upon two contextual variables: within-group task interdependence and power distance. We tested our hypotheses using a sample of 350 employee nested in 74 workgroups. Hierarchical linear modeling results supported the hypothesized relationships between leaders' emotion perceptions and employees' job performance, and revealed that this relationship was strengthened by task interdependence and attenuated by power distance.
Apoptosis, Bcl-2, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the failing human heart: observations made after implantation of left ventricular assist device.

Background: Heart failure is characterized by progressive left ventricular remodeling, a complex process that results from cell growth and cell death. The quantitative contribution of apoptotic cells toward left ventricular remodeling has varied widely in tissue removed from cardiomyopathic hearts. Apoptosis has been responsive to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in experimental heart failure, but the dynamics and responsiveness to chronic left ventricular unloading have not been studied. Methods and Results: We studied 8 patients with severe heart failure before and after chronic left ventricular unloading with a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Tissue from the left ventricular apex removed at the time of LVAD implantation was examined for apoptosis using the technique of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling (TUNEL) in 10 patients. These same hearts explanted at the time of cardiac transplantation were then examined for apoptosis after patients had been on the LVAD for 99 ± 20 (SEM) days. An additional 10 patients with equally severe heart failure who underwent heart transplantation without the use of an LVAD served as controls. Eight hearts obtained at autopsy approximately 6 hours after death from patients who died of non-cardiovascular disease causes served as non-heart failure controls. Additionally, 6 hearts were examined by immunohistochemistry for the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2, and for the repair and/or proliferation marker, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), before and after LVAD. Apoptosis was not detected in the tissue sections from the hearts of 8 patients at the time of LVAD implantation. Only 1 of these patients had limited apoptosis (< 1 apoptotic cell/1,000 myocytes) after LVAD insertion. Three of 10 patients with severe heart failure who did not receive an LVAD but underwent transplantation showed limited apoptosis (< 1 apoptotic cell/1,000 myocytes). Likewise, none of the control hearts from patients who died of noncardiovascular disease manifested apoptosis. Six of 6 patients overexpressed Bcl-2 at the time of LVAD insertion. In all these patients, Bcl-2 returned to negligible levels after chronic unloading of the heart. Likewise, PCNA was abundantly expressed in 5 of 6 failing hearts at the time of LVAD implantation and was reduced in 4 of 5 hearts after chronic unloading by LVAD. Conclusion: Apoptosis is a rare or inconsistent finding in the failing human heart. Overexpression of such indicators of cellular stress and DNA replication and/or repair as Bcl-2 and PNCA in heart failure may be altered by optimizing left ventricular loading conditions by such mechanical devices as the LVAD.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of monoclonal anti-digoxin antibodies

Abstract Eleven hybridoma cell lines secreting monoclonal anti-digoxin antibody have been produced. They are primarily gamma heavy chain and kappa light chain molecules. Affinity constants for digoxin range from 2 × 10 6 to 3.5 × 10 8 liters/mole. Fine specificity analysis using a series of digoxin congeners demonstrates that an unsaturated lactone ring attached to the aglycone at the C-17 position is necessary for hapten recognition. The impact of other changes in digoxin's structure on antibody binding were also studied. DNA hybridization analysis demonstrates that there are at least three different variable region gene arrangements used to produce the heavy chains of the different hybridoma antibodies. Correlations between antigen binding characteristics and antibody V-gene arrangements are demonstrable.
Rereading Dom Casmurro - aesthetic hybridity in Capitu

Although perhaps best known for Lavoura Arcaica (2001), an adaptation of Raduan Nassar's 1975 novel, the majority of Luiz Fernando Carvalho's professional activity has been in television, where, in addition to critically acclaimed telenovelas, he has directed adaptations of works by Eca de Queiros, Ariano Suassuna, Machado de Assis, Clarice Lispector, and Graciliano Ramos. Carvalho's audiovisual oeuvre has distinguished him as one of the most creative directors working in Brazil today and as the first full-fledged Brazilian television auteur. In 2008 Carvalho completed Capitu, an adaptation of Machado de Assis's masterpiece, Dom Casmurro (1899). This paper analyzes Carvalho's unique rereading of Machado's novel and the aesthetic hybridity that characterizes Capitu.
A low-power digitally controlled oscillator for all digital phase-locked loops

A low-power and low-jitter 12-bit CMOS digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) design is presented. The Low-Power CMOS DCO is designed based on the ring oscillator implemented with Schmitt trigger inverters. The proposed DCO circuit uses control codes of thermometer type to reduce jitters. Performance of the DCO is verified through a novel All Digital Phase-Locked Loop (ADPLL) designed with a unique lock-in process by employing a time-to-digital converter, where both the frequency of the reference clock and the delay between DCO output and DCO clock is measured. A carefully designed reset process reduces the phase acquisition process to two cycles. The ADPLL was implemented using the 32 nm Predictive Technology Model (PTM) at 0.9 V supply voltage, and the simulation results show that the proposed ADPLL achieves 10 and 2 reference cycles of frequency and phase acquisitions, respectively, at 700MHz with less than 67 ps peak-to-peak jitter. The DCO consumes 2.2mWat 650MHz with 0.9 V power supply.
Exploiting the baseband phase structure of the voiced speech for speech enhancement

Performance of traditional speech enhancement techniques like spectral subtraction and log-Minimum Mean Squared Error Short Time Spectral Amplitude (log-MMSE STSA) estimation degrades in presence of highly non-stationary noises like babble noise. This is mainly due to inaccurate noise estimation during the voiced segment of the speech signal. In this paper, we propose to exploit the fine structure of the phase spectra of the voiced speech in the baseband STFT domain. This phase structure is used to detect the noise dominant frequency bins in the voiced frames. This information is used to achieve better non-stationary noise Power Spectral Density (PSD) estimation. Using this estimation, performance of spectral subtraction and log-MMSE STSA is improved overall by 0.3 and 0.2, respectively, in terms of Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) measure over the original algorithms when noisy speech is used for pitch estimation. We also present the combination of these two algorithms (spectral subtraction and log-MMSE STSA) to achieve the overall PESQ improvement of 0.5 over standard log-MMSE STSA when accurate pitch estimation is available.
The evaluation of computer hardware/software plans for municipalities

Abstract This paper presents a methodology employing systems analysis techniques which may be used to evaluate alternative data processing plans for municipalities. The basic information which must be formulated for the analysis includes the following three areas: general hardware specifications, implementation schedules for database applications, and cost profiles which include capital and operating expense estimates. Specific factors are developed which may be used to assign numeric ratings to the relative advantages of each plan, and as a basis for making recommendations in the areas of hardware, software, staffing and costs. The methodology is illustrated by the analysis and evaluation of five plans developed to meet the data processing needs of a large metropolitan area.
Delayed Ear Reconstruction: Case Report of Reconstruction of an Avulsed Ear 2 Days After Injury

Auricular reattachment and reconstruction following traumatic ear avulsion is a challenging surgical problem. Suggested reconstruction methods include direct reattachment, composite grafting, pocket methods, coverage with periauricular flaps, and microsurgical repair. A published alternative is reattachment and burial of the amputated part under a postauricular flap. If circumstances delay the surgical intervention, what is a safe window to still consider this form of treatment? In the current report, we present a case of a complete partial ear avulsion, which was reattached in the ER as a free graft. Two days later the cartilage was banked under a postauricular flap. A 22 year-old male had his ear was completely bitten off which was re-attached. Two days later the skin of the avulsed segment was dark and bloodless. The avulsed segment was removed from the ear. The overlying skin was dissected off of the attached ear leaving perichondrium on the medial aspect of the ear. The cartilage was then reattached. A postauricular pocket/flap was created and the ear tucked and secured to the postauricular fascia and skin closed overtop. Five weeks later, the patient had division and inset of the flap with a full thickness skin graft to the posterior aspect of the ear. Our results and experiences suggest that immediate reconstruction may not be crucial.
Integrating Identities for Same-Sex Attracted Clients: Using Developmental Counseling and Therapy to Address Sexual Orientation Conflicts

In recent decades, much of the focus on counseling with same-sex attracted clients has been on affirming their identity as a sexual minority. However, an overuse of gay-affirmative strategies may devalue clients' other multiple, and often conflicting, identities. Developmental counseling and therapy is presented as one approach for counselors that can effectively address sexual orientation conflicts with clients while exploring and valuing the various aspects of clients' selves.
Sex and age related differences in self-sufficiency in neurotic outpatients☆

Abstract The Bernreuter self-sufficiency scores of 204 males and 158 females were retrospectively analyzed for sex and age related differences. The female sample was found to have a significantly lower mean score than the male sample which may have relevance for the greater number of agoraphobics in the female population.
Influence of different divalent co-dopants on the Cr4+ content of Cr-doped Y3Al5O12

Abstract Selected divalent cations were surveyed to examine their suitability as a co-dopant in Cr : Y 3 Al 5 O 12 for the promotion of Cr 4+ . The only successful co-dopants were Ca and Mg. The following co-dopants failed to generate Cr 4+ in significant concentrations: Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Sr. The lack of success in the transition metal dopants was attributed to the large crystal field stabilization energy for Cr 3+ in an octahedral site. Reasons why the other co-dopants were unsuccessful are also discussed.
Galaxy spectral synthesis. II - M32 and the ages of galaxies

The paper presents a population synthesis performed on absolute spectrophotometry for the central 31 in. of M32. The metallicity of M32 is solar with 0.1 dex, implying that major star formation continued in M32 until 5 Gyr ago, or 10 Gyr after the oldest globular clusters formed. The synthesis models predict that the rate of mass return to the interstellar medium in M32 from evolving stars is about 0.0008 solar mass/yr; however, the upper limit for star formation during the past 1 Gyr is about 0.003/yr, showing that the available optical observations do not exclude complete recycling of gas lost during stellar evolution into new generations of stars.
Increased Cytochrome P450 17α-Hydroxylase Promoter Function in Theca Cells Isolated from Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Involves Nuclear Factor-1

Cytochrome P450 17α-hydroxylase (CYP17) gene expression and androgen biosynthesis are persistently elevated in theca cells isolated from ovaries of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We previously reported that −235 to −109 bp of the CYP17 promoter confers increased CYP17 promoter function in PCOS theca cells. In this report, additional deletion and mutational analyses of the CYP17 promoter were performed to identify the sequences that contribute to increased CYP17 promoter function in PCOS theca cells. Results of these analyses established that augmented promoter function in PCOS theca cells results from preferentially increased basal regulation conferred by sequences between −188 and −147 bp of the CYP17 promoter. Scanning mutant analysis demonstrated that mutations within a 16-bp sequence, spanning −174 to −158 bp of the promoter, ablated increased basal CYP17 promoter function in PCOS theca cells. EMSA analysis demonstrated that the NF-1 family member, NF-1C, bound this sequence. Cotransfect...
Extinction by Interstellar Silica Grains

INTEREST has recently been expressed in the possibility that the interstellar dust contains a silica component (ref. 1, and R. C. Gilman, private communication). The purpose of this communication is to point out that silicon dioxide has strong absorptions in the 8–14µ atmospheric “window” which should be observable with ground-based infrared telescopes. We have computed normalized extinction spectra (extinction cross-section divided by geometrical cross-section) for crystalline quartz and vitreous silica.
Improving the Utilization of Front-Line Service Delivery System Personnel*

There are two types of work typically performed in services which differ in the degree of control management has over when the work must be done. Serving customers, an activity that can occur only when customers are in the system is, by its nature, uncontrollable work. In contrast, the execution of controllable work does not require the presence of customers, and is work over which management has some degree of temporal control. This paper presents two integer programming models for optimally scheduling controllable work simultaneously with shifts. One model explicitly defines variables for the times at which controllable work may be started, while the other uses implicit modeling to reduce the number of variables. In an initial experiment of 864 test problems, the latter model yielded optimal solutions in approximately 81 percent of the time required by the former model. To evaluate the impact on customer service of having front-line employees perform controllable work, a second experiment was conducted simulating 5, 832 service delivery systems. The results show that controllable work offers a useful means of improving labor utilization. Perhaps more important, it was found that having front-line employees perform controllable work did not degrade the desired level of customer service.
A valence force field for nickel porphin and copper porphin

Abstract Normal coordinate calculations have been carried out for nickel porphin and copper porphin on the basis of a constrained valence force field. Resonance Raman spectra of nickel porphin have been obtained with 488.0 nm excitation. A 25 parameter force field was employed to calculate a total of 103 frequencies. Eighteen force constants were refined to obtain a least squares fit. The planar modes are described in terms of the potential energy distribution. Several modes in each molecule can be classified as predominantly CH bending vibrations, C α  C m stretching vibrations and pyrrole ring stretching vibrations.
Environmental gamma-ray spectroscopy at remote sites with satellite data transmission

Abstract We describe in this paper remote atmospheric measurement systems that are used in the Environmental Measurements Laboratory's (EML) Remote Atmospheric Measurements Program to measure gamma-ray emitting radionuclides that have been collected by drawing air through highly efficient filters. The gamma-ray spectrum is transmitted to polar orbiting ARGOS satellites, transferred to a ground station, and recovered via a telephone link by EML's computer. The recovered NaI gamma-ray spectrum is automatically resolved using a linear least squares program. Over 2000 NaI spectra have been received from these remote sites. These spectra provide information on isotopes of current interest and serve as a data base for the future studies of other radionuclides which may become of interest.
An Attentional Perspective on Successful Socioemotional Aging: Theory and Preliminary Evidence

What are the information-processing mechanisms that underlie successful affect regulation across the life span? Recent evidence suggests a rather positive view of affect regulation into late life, and socioemotional selectivity theory has been proposed as a motivational account that may help explain these findings. In particular, the theory argues that emotions and their regulation become more salient as people age. After reviewing recent evidence primarily concerning emotional memory in late life, a theoretical rationale is presented for investigating the role of attention to emotional stimuli as a mechanism for understanding successful affect regulation across the adult life span. Then, a program of research using eye tracking to study these attentional processes is described, and initial results are presented suggesting that there may be both age and individual difference effects on attention to emotional stimuli in adulthood.
Neutral cometary atmospheres. II - The production of CN in comets

Brightness profiles of the CN (0-0) band at 3883 A have been constructed from spectrograms of comets Bennett (1979 II) and West (1976 VI). The subsequent analysis of these profiles shows that the parent molecule of CN had a radial scale length of (2.19 plus or minus 0.07) x 10 to the 4th r (H-squared), in kilometers. This, combined with current theories as well as photochemistry, is consistent with production by simple photodissociation of HCN. The rather random variation of the radial scale length for the apparent decay of CN is indicative not of a true decay scale length, but of the fact that no steady state in the CN parent production rate is achieved for the time scale necessary to build up the observed profile. A revision of the average CN production law with heliocentric distance from published photometry indicates an r(H to the -2nd) law for comet West out to at least 2.555 AU. This implies that the vaporization of this comet was controlled by some species more volatile than water. Based on this and other evidence, CO2 is suggested, but even more volatile molecules like CO cannot be ruled out.
Auditory brainstem responses to airborne sounds in the aquatic frog Xenopus laevis: correlation with middle ear characteristics

In this study we recorded auditory brainstem responses to airborne sounds to determine the hearing sensitivity of Xenopus laevis frogs and correlated their hearing profiles with middle ear characteristics. In newly metamorphosed frogs (body mass 0.5–0.76 gm, snout-vent length 17–20 mm) best hearing sensitivities were measured in the 2.4–2.8 kHz range, whereas optimal hearing sensitivity of older adults (body mass 18–90 gm; snout-vent length 57–100 mm) ranged from 1.0 to 1.2 kHz. Middle ear volumes reconstructed from serial sections showed approximate volume of 0.002 cc and 0.04–0.07 cc in newly metamorphosed and older frogs, respectively. This inverse frequency–volume relationship is consistent with the properties of an acoustic resonator indicating that differences in best hearing sensitivity are at least in part correlated to variation in middle ear volumes for airborne sounds. These results are consistent with peak frequency vibrational velocity profiles of Xenopus tympanic disk that have been shown to be dependent on underlying middle ear volumes and corroborate the occurrence of peak amplitudes of otoacoustic emissions in the 1.0–1.2 kHz region in adult Xenopus frogs.
Photoelectron asymmetries and two-electron satellites near the 3p → 3d giant-resonance region in atomic Mn

Abstract The partial cross-sections and photoelectron angular distributions for several lines in atomic Mn have been measured at photon energies between 50 and 72eV. The intensities of the 3 d correlation satellites at 24–26 eV binding energy behave similarly to the mainline intensity near the 3 p → 3 d giant resonance, but show an enhancement near the 3 p threshold which is not present for the main line. A configuration-interaction analysis is applied to help identify the origins of the satellites. The 3 p /3 d branching ratio from 55–72eV and the shape of the 3 d cross section in the resonance region are in good agreement with many-body perturbation-theory calculations.
Monitoring the integrity of adhesive joints during fatigue loading using carbon nanotubes

Abstract Sensing capabilities of carbon nanotube networks inside epoxy matrix have attracted the attention of many researchers in recent years. Since, there is a lack of literature in investigating the fatigue behavior of adhesive joints, this study evaluates the capability of carbon nanotube networks, formed inside the adhesive, to monitor the integrity of adhesively bonded aluminum joints, which are subjected to fatigue loading. The conductive network inside the adhesive is sensitive to crack initiation, propagation and delamination, therefore, in situ measurement of the bond resistance is capable of monitoring the integrity of the joints subjected to fatigue. Aluminum single lap joints are fabricated, using carbon nanotube reinforced epoxy adhesive, and the electrical resistance perturbation of the joints is monitored during fatigue loading.