cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Fast Neighbor Discovery and DAD Scheme for Fast Handover in Mobile IPv6 Networks

In Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6), the handover process reveals numerous problems manifested by timeconsuming network layer-based movement detection, non-optimized time sequencing of handover procedures and latency in configuring a new care of address with duplicate address detection (DAD). The delays associated with DAD and movement detection are unavoidable in MIPv6. To mitigate such effects we specify a more efficient fast Neighbor Discovery and DAD scheme. This approach requires each access point to execute movement detection by unicast transmission of the Stored Router Advertisement message and implementation of a modified Neighbor Cache to handle care of address configuration with fast DAD. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can yield better performance than the Mobile IPv6, Fast Mobile IPv6 and Fast - Hierarchical Mobile IPv6.
Spatiotemporal distribution of thunderstorm initiation in the US Great Plains from 2005 to 2007

A first-of-its-kind automated thunderstorm tracking algorithm that relies on radar reflectivity data and cloud-to-ground lighting is used to identify the spatiotemporal distribution of thunderstorm initiation over the central United States for 2005–2007. Nearly 56 000 thunderstorm initiations are identified. High concentrations of thunderstorm initiation are found near prominent topography and near the Gulf coast. The annual distribution exhibits a peak in August and the diurnal cycle exhibits a peak at the local solar noon with the majority of initiations occurring between 2 h prior to and 6 h past the local solar noon. While the results are largely expected, no previous study has documented the distribution of thunderstorm initiation over the geographic extent and period of record used to develop the results presented here.
The Bikestuff Simulation: Experiencing the Challenge of Organizational Change

This article describes a 2-hour experiential simulation that helps students understand (a) the challenge of even simple organizational changes, (b) the importance of communication between change agents and organizational members, and (c) the source of resistance to organizational change efforts. Teams of students compete to process the most customer orders at a bike shop. Although some team members process orders using paper-based catalogs and reference materials, other team members develop and implement a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet to automate and speed up their teammates’ order completion process. The simulation produces change agent and worker behaviors similar to those seen in real organizational improvement efforts, and can be used to introduce a variety of organizational behavior concepts related to organizational change, including organizational analysis, group communication, participatory design, resistance to change, organizational inertia, and sociotechnical systems theory.
Underuse of curative surgery for early stage upper gastrointestinal cancers in the United States.

Abstract Background Surgery is the cornerstone of potentially curative therapy for upper gastrointestinal cancer. We analyzed the patterns of treatment regarding the use of surgery for early-stage upper gastrointestinal cancer in the United States. Methods The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Research database was used to identify patients with cancer of the esophagus, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder, biliary tract, or duodenum (2004–2007). Only patients with potentially resectable stage I and II disease were selected. The primary outcome measure was the use of curative intent surgery. The secondary outcomes were the predictors of surgery. Results We identified 29,249 patients with a median age of 69 years. Only 54% of the patients underwent cancer-directed surgical resection, ranging from 28% for liver cancer to 89% for gallbladder cancer. The remaining patients underwent either local excision (8%) or no surgery (38%). Among the no surgery group, most patients (79%) were documented as “not being recommended for resection.” The independent variables on multivariate analysis predictive of a nonoperative approach included black race, age older than 75 years, tumor size greater than 5 cm, and high poverty level ( P versus 36 months and 14% versus 43%, respectively; P Conclusions Almost one half of patients with early-stage upper gastrointestinal cancer did not receive potentially curative surgery, with an adverse effect on overall survival. A combination of demographic, tumor, and socioeconomic factors were predictive of a lack of surgical resection.
Estimating distortion in a binary symmetric channel consistently

The problem of estimating the distortion in a binary symmetric channel is examined. A consistent estimator is described, and its performance is assessed numerically. The estimator is based solely on the information contained in the channel output. The channel input is viewed as an unobservable nuisance parameter that satisfies a weak basic assumption that (1) makes the problem of estimation viable, and (2) seems swell suited for use in an imaging context, under which the input is viewed as the true image and the output is viewed as the observed image. >
Observations of Daily Temperature Patterns in the Southern Florida Everglades

Temperature is an important factor affecting key hydrological and ecological processes within the subtropical wetlands of the Florida Everglades. Comprehensive measurements are being made to quantify the temporal and spatial variability of the water-temperature regime. Data collected in 2000 at a location near the central flow pathway of the ecosystem showed both daily repetitive cycles and dynamic fluctuations in response to meteorological forces. Time-series data collected at spatial intervals throughout the water column, in the air, and in the underlying plant-litter layer revealed the dynamic nature of the temperature structure, e.g., uniformly wellmixed periods, stratified conditions, inversions, changing vertical gradients, and other characteristics important to understanding ecosystem processes.
Malignant Oncocytic Carcinoid of the Pancreas

We report a rare case of malignant oncocytic carci-noid of the pancreas including the diagnostic immu-nocytochemical and electron microscopic findings. In addition the tumor shows some unusual ultra-structural features: lamelliform cristae and cyto-plasmic and nuclear crystalline structures.
The S-unit equation over function fields

In the study of integral solutions to Diophantine equations, many problems can be reduced to that of solving the equationin S-units of the given ring. To accomplish this over number fields, the only known effective method is to use Baker's deep results on linear forms in logarithms, which yield relatively weak upper bounds. For function fields, R. C. Mason [2] has recently given a remarkably strong effective upper bound. In this note we give an independent proof of Mason's bound, relying only on elementary algebraic geometry, principally the Riemann-Hurwitz formula.
Mating, oviposition, and development of Sophonia rufofascia (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) in Hawaii.

Abstract The twospotted leafhopper, Sophonia rufofascia (Kuoh & Kuoh), is an inadvertently introduced insect that has become a pest in Hawaii’s diverse ecosystems. In this study, laboratory and field experiments were conducted to examine mating, oviposition, and egg and nymphal development of S. rufofascia. In the laboratory at 23 ± 1.5°C, adult S. rufofascia did not mate until 7–9 d after eclosion; the proportion of mating pairs increased from 10 to 100% as age increased from 9 to 15 d. A complete mating process in S. rufofascia consisted of mounting, back-to-back copulation, and postmating rest phases, which lasted for a mean ± SE period of 0.7 ± 0.04, 64.7 ± 1.20, and 3.5 ± 0.39) min, respectively. When caged on individual shoots of host plants (ti, Cordyline terminalis L. and guava, Psidium guajava L.) growing outdoors, adults did not lay eggs until the second week after emergence. The oviposition period lasted 8–9 wk, and the weekly oviposition rate peaked 4–5 wk after emergence (9.8 ± 2.9 eggs per f...
Cognitive state measurement from eye gaze analysis in an intelligent virtual reality driving system for autism intervention

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental disabilities with a high prevalence rate. While much research has focused on improving social communication deficits in ASD populations, less emphasis has been devoted to improving skills relevant for adult independent living, such as driving. In this paper, a novel virtual reality (VR)-based driving system with different difficulty levels of tasks is presented to train and improve driving skills of teenagers with ASD. The goal of this paper is to measure the cognitive load experienced by an individual with ASD while he is driving in the VR-based driving system. Several eye gaze features are identified that varied with cognitive load in an experiment participated by 12 teenagers with ASD. Several machine learning methods were compared and the ability of these methods to accurately measure cognitive load was validated with respect to the subjective rating of a therapist. Results will be used to build models in an intelligent VR-based driving system that can sense a participant's real-time cognitive load and offer driving tasks at an appropriate difficulty level in order to maximize the participant's long-term performance.
An ecological analysis of food outlet density and prevalence of type II diabetes in South Carolina counties

Studies suggest that the built environment with high numbers of fast food restaurants and convenience stores and low numbers of super stores and grocery stores are related to obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and other chronic diseases. Since few studies assess these relationships at the county level, we aim to examine fast food restaurant density, convenience store density, super store density, and grocery store density and prevalence of type II diabetes among counties in South Carolina. Pearson’s correlation between four types of food outlet densities- fast food restaurants, convenience stores, super stores, and grocery stores- and prevalence of type II diabetes were computed. The relationship between each of these food outlet densities were mapped with prevalence of type II diabetes, and OLS regression analysis was completed adjusting for county-level rates of obesity, physical inactivity, density of recreation facilities, unemployment, households with no car and limited access to stores, education, and race. We showed a significant, negative relationship between fast food restaurant density and prevalence of type II diabetes, and a significant, positive relationship between convenience store density and prevalence of type II diabetes. In adjusted analysis, the food outlet densities (of any type) was not associated with prevalence of type II diabetes. This ecological analysis showed no associations between fast food restaurants, convenience stores, super stores, or grocery stores densities and the prevalence of type II diabetes. Consideration of environmental, social, and cultural determinants, as well as individual behaviors is needed in future research.
Magneto-transport and domain wall scattering in epitaxy L10 MnAl thin film

This work demonstrated two different kinds of magneto-transport behaviors in epitaxial L10 MnAl film as a function of temperature. The magneto-resistance ratio (MR) was negative and exhibited evident enhancement in the resistivity at coercive fields above 175 K. The MR enhancement was attributed to the increase in the magnetic domain walls based on the quantitative correlation between the domain density and the resistivity. Below 175 K, the MR was positive and showed a quadratic dependence on the external magnetic field, which implied that the MR was dominated by Lorentz effects.
Abstract B95: Long-term use of cholesterol-lowering drugs and cancer incidence in a large United States cohort

Background: HMG-coA reductase inhibitors, commonly known as statins, account for the great majority of cholesterol-lowering drug use in the United States. Relatively little is known about the association between long-term statin use and incidence of most types of cancers. Methods: We examined the association between use of cholesterol-lowering drugs, predominantly statins, and the incidence of 10 common cancers, as well as overall cancer incidence, among 133,255 participants (60,059 men and 73,196 women) in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort during the period from 1997-2007. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RRs). Results: Current use of cholesterol-lowering drugs for five or more years was not associated with overall cancer incidence (RR = 0.97, 95% CI = 0.92-1.03), or incidence of prostate, breast, colorectal, lung, bladder, renal cell, or pancreatic cancer, but was associated with lower risk of melanoma (RR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.67-0.98), endometrial cancer (RR = 0.61, 95% CI = 0.42-0.90), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) (RR = 0.73, 95% CI = 0.61-0.87). Conclusion: These results suggest that long-term use of statins is unlikely to substantially increase or decrease overall cancer risk. However, associations between long-term statin use and risk of endometrial cancer, melanoma, and NHL deserve further investigation. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B95.
Oscine Spermatozoa: A Light- and Electron-Microscopy Study

The remarkable work of Retzius (1909) detailed not only many of the structural peculiarities of avian spermatozoa, but also their organization within the testes. In addition, and importantly, it showed the unique and bizarre nature of oscine (Passeriformes) spermatozoa, with their helical "membranes" and their precise arrangement within the testes. With this strong beginning in avian spermatology, which includes both the early work of Ballowitz (1886, 1888, 1913) and Retzius (1909, 1911, 1912), as well as a number of investigations on the sperm of fowl (summarized by McFarlane 1963), it is surprising that so little has been done to reveal the
Passive Microwave Observations - An Introduction

The papers presented in this session mostly describe early attempts to correlate observed SEASAT-1 and Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) radiances or brightness temperatures with sea surface temperature (SST), near-surface winds, cloud droplets, atmospheric water vapor and rainfall rates. Although the correlations were clearly evidenced in all cases, these initial efforts have not yet defined the ultimate accuracies with which the aforementioned geophysical parameters may be inferred from SMMR brightness temperatures. Such definition was hampered by some peculiarities in the SMMR performance, unexpected on the basis of prelaunch calibration studies, including much smaller polarization differences over oceans (ca. 50K versus ca. 70K at most wavelengths) and asymmetric polarization mixing during the scan period. Since the geophysical parameter retrieval algorithms were designed, for the most part, to accept absolute radiances from the SMMR, it is not surprising to see that large offsets occur in the retrieved parameters when using input radiances which are apparently not properly calibrated, or that larger-than-expected deviations in the trends are observed after the offsets have been subtracted from the retrieved values when the polarization mixing has not been properly removed. A proper procedure for removing this mixing has been identified, but not yet applied to the data used in studying the trends in the retrievals. If the polarization difference discrepancy can be solved, offsets in the retrieved parameters may also be reduced. If not, it would appear that systematic offsets in the retrieved parameters can still be removed, but without the benefit of a satisfactory theoretical model to support the procedure.
Assessment of food toxicology

Abstract The interest in food toxicology is evident by the dependency of humankind on nutrition by virtue of their heterotrophic metabolism. By means of modern biochemistry, molecular and cell biology, computer science, bioinformatics as well as high-throughput and high-content screening technologies it has been possible to identify adverse effects and characterize potential toxicants in food. The mechanisms of toxicant actions are multifactorial but many toxic effects converge on the generation of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation resulting in cell death, aging and degenerative diseases. Integration of food toxicology data obtained throughout biochemical and cell-based in vitro, animal in vivo and human clinical settings has enabled the establishment of alternative, highly predictable in silico models. These systems utilize a combination of complex in vitro cell-based models with computer-based algorithms. A decrease of rodent animal testing with its limitations of high costs, low throughput readouts, inconsistent responses, ethical issues and concerns of extrapolability to humans have led to an increased use of these but also alternative lower hierarchy surrogate animal models (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster; Caenorhabditis elegans or Danio rerio) and efforts to integrate organotypic systems and stem cell-based assays. Despite those achievements, there are numerous challenges in various disciplines of food toxicology.
Cytochrome Oxidase Atlas of Rat Brain

This is an atlas of cytochrome oxidase activity in the rat brain made with sections stained with our quantitative histochemical method, and adjacent sections stained with cresyl violet. We used a fresh-frozen brain, without perfusion-fixation, from an adult hooded male rat. Bregma coordinates and brain structures are identified for each of fourteen Bregma levels in the coronal plane.
Road crack detection using deep convolutional neural network

Automatic detection of pavement cracks is an important task in transportation maintenance for driving safety assurance. However, it remains a challenging task due to the intensity inhomogeneity of cracks and complexity of the background, e.g., the low contrast with surrounding pavement and possible shadows with similar intensity. Inspired by recent success on applying deep learning to computer vision and medical problems, a deep-learning based method for crack detection is proposed in this paper. A supervised deep convolutional neural network is trained to classify each image patch in the collected images. Quantitative evaluation conducted on a data set of 500 images of size 3264 χ 2448, collected by a low-cost smart phone, demonstrates that the learned deep features with the proposed deep learning framework provide superior crack detection performance when compared with features extracted with existing hand-craft methods.
Improvement in ECG based Biometric Systems using Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) Algorithm

In this paper, a non-fiducial approach using Wavelet Packet Decomposition (WPD) algorithm for repeated examination of solitary cable ECG used for individual identification is planned and tested. Multiple samples of ECG wave are extracted considering R-peak as a reference and WPD algorithm is applied for feature extraction. This feature file is fed as an input to a machine learning classifier i.e. random forest in order to classify the individuals. In this work, records from publicly available MIT/BIH arrhythmia dataset have been utilized to evaluate the proposed system. Best result relies on third level of wavelet decomposition using Daubechies wavelet to analyze the signal. Furthermore ranker search method is used in conjunction with relief attribute evaluator for feature selection and random forest classifier is applied by generating 100 trees. It is shown that the method is effective for quantifying the classification of arrhythmia ECG signals with accuracy of 92.62%.
Seismicity of the Rocky Mountains and Rio Grande Rift from the EarthScope Transportable Array and CREST temporary seismic networks, 2008‐2010

We developed a catalog of small magnitude (ML −0.1 to 4.7) seismicity across Colorado and New Mexico from the EarthScope USArray Transportable Array and CREST (Colorado Rocky Mountains Experiment and Seismic Transects) seismic networks from 2008 to 2010 to characterize active deformation in the Rio Grande Rift. We recorded over 900 earthquakes in the Rio Grande Rift region, not including induced earthquakes and mine blasts, and find that the rift is actively deforming both broadly and in distinct regions. Seismic events that are likely induced, mostly in the Raton Basin, make up 66% of the catalog (1837 earthquakes). Neogene faults in the northern rift in north central Colorado are seismically active in the North Park Basin and northwestern Colorado. The central rift from the San Luis Basin (southern Colorado) to south of the Socorro Magma Body is the most seismically active rift region, and seismicity delineates the deformation in the Colorado Plateau transition zone, which is spatially correlated with volcanic vents, dikes, and faults within the western Jemez Lineament. The eastern Jemez Lineament is nearly aseismic and surrounded by a halo of seismicity culminating in boundaries defined by recent moderate (Mw 3.9 and Mw 3.3) earthquakes. The southern rift is characterized by diffuse seismicity in Texas and Mexico. This study provides an updated seismic catalog built with uniformity in seismometer coverage and low epicentral uncertainties (~2 km) that allows for regional evaluation of seismicity. During this time period, clusters of seismicity and moderate magnitude earthquakes characterize deformation in a low-strain rate extensional environment.
Intersecting Interests Between the Malaysian State and the Acehnese and the Chins

This chapter explores the macro-level dialectic between the Malaysian state, with both Chin and Acehnese transnational actors. In academic literature, states are often depicted as being at odds with migrants, whom they perceive as being a threat to their sovereignty and territorial integrity. This chapter, through interviews, ethnographic case studies and historical analysis, tries to broaden the understanding of this dialectic, beyond the conventional antagonistic narrative. It uncovers the possible synergies that often exist between state and migrant transnational actors, which subsequently allows the latter to move ahead with their own interests and agendas.
Better Professional Training in Physical Education in Europe

(1914). Better Professional Training in Physical Education in Europe. American Physical Education Review: Vol. 19, No. 3, pp. 189-199.
Evaluation of Patient and Family Engagement Strategies to Improve Medication Safety

Patient and family engagement (PFE) is critical for patient safety. We systematically reviewed types of PFE strategies implemented and their impact on medication safety. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, reference lists and websites to August 2016. Two investigators independently reviewed all abstracts and articles, and articles were additionally reviewed by two senior investigators for selection. One investigator abstracted data and two investigators reviewed the data for accuracy. Study quality was determined by consensus. Investigators developed a framework for defining the level of patient engagement: informing patients about medications (Level 1), informing about engagement with health care providers (Level 2), empowering patients with communication tools and skills (Level 3), partnering with patients in their care (Level 4), and integrating patients as full care team members (Level 5). We included 19 studies that mostly targeted older adults taking multiple medications. The median level of engagement was 2, ranging from 2–4. We identified no level 5 studies. Key themes for patient engagement strategies impacting medication safety were patient education and medication reconciliation, with a subtheme of patient portals. Most studies (84%) reported implementation outcomes. The most commonly reported medication safety outcomes were medication errors, including near misses and discrepancies (47%), and medication safety knowledge (37%). Most studies (63%) were of medium to low quality, and risk of bias was generally moderate. Among the 11 studies with control groups, 55% (n = 6) reported statistically significant improvement on at least one medication safety outcome. Further synthesis of medication safety measures was limited due to intervention and outcome heterogeneity. Key strategies for engaging patients in medication safety are education and medication reconciliation. Patient engagement levels were generally low, as defined by a novel framework for determining levels of patient engagement. As more patient engagement studies are conducted, this framework should be evaluated for associations with patient outcomes.
Autonomic Regulation and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Autonomic nervous system (ANS) has a crucial role of regulating cardiac function in the physiological state and contributes to the pathogenesis of arrhythmias in the diseased state. The cardiac neuraxis consists of multiple feedback loops consisting of efferent and afferent limbs, mediating neurotransmission to and from the heart. Efferent parasympathetic neurotransmission is mediated by the vagus nerve, while paravertebral sympathetic ganglia relay efferent sympathetic neurotransmission to the heart. The association between autonomic activity and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) has been studied extensively in both experimental models and humans. Efferent parasympathetic activity is felt to be antiarrhythmic, while the activation of efferent sympathetic signals is proarrhythmic. The cardiac neuraxis undergoes remodeling and becomes dysfunctional in the setting of myocardial infarction (MI), chronic cardiomyopathy (CMY), and structural heat disease. Altered ANS function has been shown to initiate and/or maintain VAs via various mechanisms. Interventions targeting the ANS have been used clinically to treat VAs, particularly in patients with hereditary heart rhythm disorders and structurally abnormal hearts. Clinical applications of cardiac neuraxial modulation at the level of spinal cord, stellate ganglion, and peripheral sympathetic and vagus nerve are being developed. In this review, the anatomy of cardiac autonomic innervation, the association between autonomic activity and ventricular arrhythmogenesis, and clinical applications of neuraxial modulation in the treatment of VAs are discussed.
Trials of Angiogenesis Therapy in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease

After initial success in in vitro and in vivo studies showing tremendous potential of angiogenic therapy, therapeutic angiogenesis has been studied in humans with ischemic heart disease (IHD) not responding to conventional treatments. Vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and granulocyte colony stimulating factor are among the most commonly tested cytokines in human trials. Delivery as a protein or vector with gene encoding for specific protein have been tested in these trials. In addition, multitude of delivery routes ranging from direct intramyocardial transfer to intracoronary infusion to systemic administration via subcutaneous route have been tried. Clinical, radiographic, and angiographic parameters have been used to gauge the effect of these therapies in human trials. While promising results were attained in small phase I studies, these salutary results have not been replicated in large phase II and III studies. Multitude of variables including duration of exposure, type of vector, and need for co-factor influence the process of angiogenesis. Further studies accounting for these variables are needed to fully determine the potential of therapeutic angiogenesis in IHD.
The Cylindrical Indefinite Positive Column in a Fixed Neutral Gas

All the simplified models of the positive column in the high-pressure arc are based upon the assumption of the Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (L.T.E.). The meaning of this expression has been recalled at the beginning of this book.
What do the lineage tracing studies tell us? Consideration for hematopoietic stem cell origin, dynamics, and leukemia-initiating cells

The recent advance of technologies enables us to trace the cell fate in vivo by marking the cells that express the gene of interest or by barcoding them at a single cell level. Various tamoxifen-inducible Cre-recombinase mice combined with Rosa-floxed lines are utilized. In this review, with the results revealed by lineage tracing assays, we re-visit the long-standing debate for the origin of hematopoietic stem cells in the mouse embryo, and introduce the view of native hematopoiesis, and possible leukemic-initiating cells emerged during fetal stages.
Sexism and Rape Myth Acceptance: The Impact of Culture, Education, and Religiosity.

This study explores the influence of education and religiosity on sexist attitudes towards women and rape myth acceptance in two samples totaling 399 participants from the United States and Italy. ...
Comparing student outcomes for women and men in Electrical Engineering to Civil, Chemical, Industrial and Mechanical Engineering in the USA

Throughout Europe and the USA, Electrical Engineering (EE) suffers from an underrepresentation of women even when compared with most other engineering disciplines. This study uses a Varge multi-institution longitudinal dataset, the Multiple-Institution Database for Investigating Engineering Longitudinal Development (MIDFIELD) to examine engineering student outcomes in the USA. This work considers undergraduate student outcomes for women and men in EE and compares them to those in the other four largest engineering disciphnes in the USA: Chemical (ChE), Civil (CVE)? Mechanical (MCE), and Industrial (ISE) Engineering. This research focuses on over 94,000 men and 24,000 women who ever enrolled in one of these five disciplines. This includes first-time-in-college as well as transfer students. Analysis shows that EE has fewer women than men at enrollment and graduation and the percentage of women is comparable to MCE but lower than the other engineering disciplines. Students graduate in EE in six years at lower rates than ISE, CVE, and MCE and comparable rates to ChE. Women in EE graduate at slightly higher rates than men. Stickiness is the number of students who graduate in a major divided by the number who ever declared that major. EE has the lowest stickiness of the disciplines studied. In comparing the net population change of students from start to graduation, EE loses about 22»/. of the women and men. Only ChE has higher percentage losses. MCE has comparable losses, CVE loses about 10% of its student population and ISE gains students from start to graduation. This work contributes to the literature by examining engineering students disaggregated by gender, discipline, and entry point. This study can inform studies in other countries.
Preliminary design of the Space Station environmental control and life support system

This paper outlines the current status of the Space Station Enrivonmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS). The seven subsystem groups which comprise the ECLSS are identified and their functional descriptions are provided. The impact that the nominal and safe haven operating requirements have on the physical distribution, sizing, and number of ECLSS subsystems is described. The role that the major ECLSS interfaces with other Space Station systems and elements play in the ECLSS design is described.
“I feel like… their relationship is based on the media”: Relationship Between Media Representation and Adolescents’ Relationship Knowledge and Expectations

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a serious public health issue associated with negative physical and behavior outcomes that disproportionately impact African-American adolescents. Despite the emergence of effective TDV prevention strategies, more knowledge is needed about how African American adolescents understand healthy and unhealthy relationships. Adolescents’ analysis of media representations can provide important insight into social norms around adolescent romantic relationships, which can inform the development of TDV prevention strategies. We conducted nine focus groups (n = 86) to explore perceptions of healthy and unhealthy relationships and the influence of media representations on romantic relationships. We transcribed focus group interviews verbatim and coded them line by line. Participants were primarily African American (90%), female (67%), and high school aged (13–17 years). Consistent with other studies, participants reported significant engagement across traditional and social media platforms that exposed them to a wide variety of fictional, celebrity, and peer relationships. A modified constructivist grounded theory analytic approach produced four major relationship themes: commitment, authenticity, privacy, and maturity. These themes captured participants’ reflections about romantic relationships and how the media interact with relationship processes and perceptions. Results show that adolescents are using media representations of romantic couples to clarify their own romantic relationship expectations and desires. Future prevention strategies should support youths’ use of critical thinking, perspective taking, and analysis to help align their relationship choices and expectations with their own values and preferences.
Assessment and improvement of the 2019 ASHRAE handbook model for exhaust-to-intake dilution calculations for rooftop exhaust systems (ASHRAE 1823-RP)

The HVAC Applications volume of the 2019 ASHRAE Handbook: Chapter 46 gives multiple procedures for sizing building exhaust stacks and fans. The most complex of these procedures directly calculates ...
The Fractured “I”: An Autoethnographic Account of a Part-Time Doctoral Student’s Experience With Scholarly Identity Formation

This autoethnographic poetry collection provides an entry into the socialization of part-time doctoral students by centering the lived experience of the author, a part-time doctoral student employe...
When Women Reject Women’s Ordination: Reframing and Semanticizing in the Speeches of Two Female Seventh-day Adventists:

This study analyzes two public speeches of two North-American Seventh-day Adventist women who oppose women’s ordination, in order to understand how they reconcile inequity perpetuated by their reli...
Predicting single phase stability and segregation in the NbMoTaTi–(W,V) high entropy alloy system with the vacancy exchange potential

Abstract High entropy alloys (HEAs) are potential next-generation structural materials, yet accurate prediction of phase stability remains a challenge. We study two equimolar refractory high entropy alloys, NbMoTaTi–X (X = W, V). Ab initio calculations are performed to determine the vacancy exchange potential in both alloys. Results and experimental confirmation indicate that a zero/low vacancy exchange potential predicts phase instability in NbMoTaTiW, while elemental trends of the same predict segregation in single phase NbMoTaTiV. If these results hold true across other systems, vacancy exchange potential can serve as a rapid predictor of stability in the vast HEA compositional space.
Health Policy after a Trump Election Victory.

Health Policy after a Trump Election Victory If the ACA remains in effect, any changes in a second Trump administration are likely to be modest and to represent a continuation of efforts begun duri...
Broadband loop gap resonator for nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond.

We present an S-band tunable loop gap resonator (LGR), which provides strong, homogeneous, and directionally uniform broadband microwave (MW) drive for nitrogen-vacancy (NV) ensembles. With 42 dBm of input power, the composite device provides drive field amplitudes approaching 5 G over a circular area ≳50 mm2 or cylindrical volume ≳250 mm3. The wide 80 MHz device bandwidth allows driving all NV Zeeman resonances for bias magnetic fields below 20 G. The device realizes percent-scale MW drive inhomogeneity; we measure a fractional root-mean-square inhomogeneity σrms = 1.6% and a peak-to-peak variation σpp = 3% over a circular area of 11 mm2 and σrms = 3.2% and σpp = 10.5% over a larger 32 mm2 circular area. We demonstrate incident MW power coupling to the LGR using two methodologies: a printed circuit board-fabricated exciter antenna for deployed compact bulk sensors and an inductive coupling coil suitable for microscope-style imaging. The inductive coupling coil allows for approximately 2π steradian combined optical access above and below the device, ideal for envisioned and existing NV imaging and bulk sensing applications.
Distinguishing between interaction and dispersion effects in the analysis of gene-environment interaction

Abstract Genotype-by-environment interaction (GxE) occurs when the size of a genetic effect varies systematically across levels of the environment and when the size of an environmental effect varies systematically across levels of the genotype. However, total variance in the phenotype may shift as a function of the moderator irrespective of its etiology such that the proportional effect of the predictor is constant. We expand the traditional GxE regression model to directly account for heteroscedasticity associated with both the genotype and the measured environment. We then derive a test statistic, ξ, for inferring whether GxE can be attributed to an effect of the moderator on the dispersion of the phenotype. We apply this method to identify genotype-by-birth year interactions for Body Mass Index (BMI) that are distinguishable from general secular increases in the variance of BMI or associations of the genetic predictors (both PGS and individual loci) with BMI variance. We provide software for analyzing such models.
Should spring water cysts of the mediastinum require excisional resection? A case report

Abstract Introduction and importance Mediastinal cysts account for 20–32% of all mediastinal lesions. Complete surgical excision is the standard therapy for mediastinal cysts. Translucent cysts containing crystal-clear fluid are called “spring water cysts.” We experienced a case of mediastinal spring water cyst fenestrated under video-assisted thoracoscopy with a miniaturized endoscope (mini-VATS) as an alternative to excisional resection. Case presentation A 49-year-old woman presented with back pain. Chest CT revealed a posterior mediastinal mass measuring 4.2 × 1.8 × 3.2 cm closed to the tenth thoracic vertebra. Chest MRI demonstrated hypo-intensity on T1-weighted images and hyper-intensity on T2-weighted images. It was estimated that the posterior mediastinal mass did not contain a tumor component. The tumor was growing and symptomatic; therefore, we performed surgical cyst fenestration without excision of the cyst under mini-VATS. The patient experienced complete relief of symptoms. Fluid accumulation in the cyst was not observed on CT images 12 months postoperatively. Clinical discussion Kozu et al. reported that all 108 primary mediastinal cysts were resected completely and were recurrence-free after a mean follow-up of 41 ± 26 months. In the case of a functional hydrocele such as spring water cyst, we believe that even if fluid is produced, the thoracic pleura is capable of absorbing the fluid, and the cyst wall might not recur even if the wall is left in place. Fluid drainage through fenestration may prevent recurrent fluid collection. Conclusion Fenestration of non-neoplastic mediastinal cysts under mini-VATS might be a less invasive radical procedure compared to complete resection.
Description of Certain Engraved Artifacts From the Utz Oneota Site

Engraved objects of various types have been found at the Utz Oneota Site in Saline County, Missouri. A number of these artifacts are described and illustrated in this article, with comparative data...
Interpreting the War Anew: An Appraisal of Richmond’s Civil War Centennial Commemoration

iv Introduction 1 Chapter One: Establishing a Modern Day Commemoration 8 Chapter Two: Triumphs and Travails 31 Chapter Three: With Eyes Toward the Future—the Legacy of the RCWCC 61 Bibliography 70
Automated scoring of handwritten essays based on latent semantic analysis

Handwritten essays are widely used in educational assessments, particularly in classroom instruction. This paper concerns the design of an automated system for performing the task of taking as input scanned images of handwritten student essays in reading comprehension tests and to produce as output scores for the answers which are analogous to those provided by human scorers. The system is based on integrating the two technologies of optical handwriting recognition (OHR) and automated essay scoring (AES). The OHR system performs several pre-processing steps such as forms removal, rule-line removal and segmentation of text lines and words. The final recognition step, which is tuned to the task of reading comprehension evaluation in a primary education setting, is performed using a lexicon derived from the passage to be read. The AES system is based on the approach of latent semantic analysis where a set of human-scored answers are used to determine scoring system parameters using a machine learning approach. System performance is compared to scoring done by human raters. Testing on a small set of handwritten answers indicate that system performance is comparable to that of automatic scoring based on manual transcription.
Propositional Logics of Programs: New Directions

We discuss new developments in Propositional Logic of Programs, specifically the μ-calculus, and Game Logic. While this paper is intended largely as a survey, some new results are stated.
Eosinophil-mediated destruction of s. Mansoni eggs. IV. Effects of several inhibitory substances on eosinophil function.

Abstract The destruction of isolated Schistosoma mansoni eggs in vitro by eosinophil-rich peritoneal exudative cells obtained from S. mansoni -infected mice is known to involve both specific anti-egg antibody and non-specific activation of the cells by lymphokine(s). The current study reports the effects of various metabolic inhibitors and other reagents known to alter cell function. The addition of inhibitors of glycolysis (Iodoacetate, 2 deoxy- d glucose) ablated the egg-destructive activity of eosinophils, but also resulted in considerable cell mortality during the 24 hr incubation period. Antimycin A, an inhibitor of aerobic respiration, also inhibited egg destruction. The presence of divalent cations, Ca 2+ in particular, was found to be essential for eosinophil-mediated egg destruction to occur. Cytochalasin B also inhibited this eosinophil-dependent activity. Tosyl-lysine-chloromethyl ketone decreased the extent of egg destruction, but when used at non-cytotoxic concentrations this effect was marginal. The metabolic requirements for eosinophils, and other cell types, in this and other systems are compared.
Using phase array antennas with the 802.11 MAC protocol

Inexpensive analog phase array antennas are on the verge of becoming widely available. These versatile antennas are capable of very rapidly altering their gain pattern to form complex patterns. However, it is not immediately obvious how to best exploit their capabilities. Previous research has shown that problems arise when using the stock 802.11 MAC protocol with directional antennas, and new MAC protocols have been designed to address these issues as well as exploit some of their new capabilities. Unfortunately moving to a new MAC layer means abandoning a wealth of inexpensive 802.11 wireless equipment since these cards are not very amenable to such extensive modification. In this work, we propose, implement, and evaluate a scheme which uses the flexible gain pattern formation ability of a phase array antenna to exploit the enhanced spatial diversity potential of directional transmission in a community networking environment while still functioning with the existing 802.11 MAC.
Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from Biofuel Use in Asia

Biomass is a primary fuel for much of the world’s population. In some developing countries it can contribute 80–90% of total primary energy consumption. In Asia as a whole we estimate that biomass contributes about 22 EJ, almost 24% of total energy use. Much of this biomass is combusted in inefficient domestic stoves and cookers, enhancing the formation of products of incomplete combustion (PIC), many of which are greenhouse gases. An inventory of the combustion of biofuels (fuelwood, crop residues, and dried animal waste) in Asia is used to develop estimates of the emissions of carbon-containing greenhouse gases (CO2, CO, CH4, and NMHC) in Asian countries. The data are examined from two perspectives: total carbon released and total global warming potential (GWP) of the gases. We estimate that biofuels contributed 573 Tg-C in 1990, about 28% of the total carbon emissions from energy use in Asia. China (259 Tg-C) and India (187 Tg-C) were the largest emitting countries by far. The majority of the emissions, 504 Tg-C, are in the form of CO2; however, emissions of non-CO2 greenhouse gases are significant: 57 Tg-C as CO, 6.4 Tg-C as CH4, and 5.9 Tg-C as NMHC. Because of the high rate of incomplete combustion in typical biofuel stoves and the high GWP coefficients of the products of incomplete combustion, PIC comprise an even larger share of biofuel emissions when measured in terms of global warming potential (in CO2 equivalents): 48% over a 20-year time frame and 26% over 100 years. Even when the biofuel is assumed to be harvested on a completely sustainable basis (all CO2 emissions are reabsorbed in the following growing season), PIC emissions from biofuel combustion account for almost 5% of total carbon emissions (including emissions from fossil-fuel combustion) and nearly 25% of CO2 equivalents in terms of short-term (20-year) GWP.
Effect of Growth Conditions on Amino Acids Bound to Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Abstract Amino acids are found tightly bound to DNA isolated from several strains of Escherichia coli. The amount bound was a function of growth conditions; it varied with changes in the composition of the medium and with the phases of the growth cycle. In DNA extracted from the earliest growth phases an unusual amino acid was found which was eluted from a Stein-Moore column with the aromatic amino acids. This odd substance was not found in the cell protein hydrolysates and appeared to be the same compound previously found in several primary tumors. In one instance, DNA and protein were extracted from cells which had been incubated with labeled amino acids under conditions which permitted protein but not DNA synthesis. The protein was highly labeled, but the amino acids associated with the DNA were not. The amino acids were not dissociated from the DNA by banding in cesium chloride or by passage through molecular exclusion gels in 5 m urea. These data have been interpreted as suggesting a functional role for DNA-associated amino acids.
Nonmedication Treatments for Adult ADHD: Evaluating Impact on Daily Functioning and Well-Being

Abstract Professor J. Russell Ramsey has written a short book aimed at practicing mental health clinicians, describing various non-medication approaches to the treatment of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). It includes a variety of strategies, some of which are validated and others of which are currently being developed but do not yet demonstrate effectiveness, alongside the documented effectiveness of medications for the treatment of core symptoms of ADHD, especially inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. He includes an up-to-date bibliography and critical evaluations of effectiveness for each treatment, especially functional outcomes. Given the high rate of postsecondary students with ADHD, the book should be helpful for college health professionals who are trying to assist such students.