cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
26Al–10Be–21Ne burial dating

Abstract Cosmogenic-nuclide burial dating relies on a pair of cosmic-ray-produced nuclides that are produced in the same rock or mineral target at a fixed ratio, but have different half-lives. For example, 26 Al and 10 Be are produced in quartz at 26 Al: 10 Be = 6.75:1. If a sample of quartz is exposed at the surface for a time, 26 Al and 10 Be concentrations reflect this ratio; if it is then buried below the penetration depth of cosmic rays, production stops and both nuclides decay. The half-life of 26 Al is half that of 10 Be, so the 26 Al/ 10 Be ratio decreases over time and can be used to date the burial event. Because quartz derived from surface erosion and then buried by sediment accumulation is common, the method is widely applicable for dating Plio-Pleistocene clastic sediments. All (terrestrial) applications of burial dating so far have used the 26 Al– 10 Be pair. Here we show that coupling cosmogenic 21 Ne, which is also produced in quartz, with 26 Al or 10 Be should improve upon both the age range and accuracy of 26 Al– 10 Be burial dating. We establish the feasibility of this approach by 21 Ne measurements at two sites that have already been dated using 26 Al– 10 Be burial dating. Burial ages from all three nuclide pairs agree at both sites, which shows that currently accepted values for decay constants and production ratios are internally consistent. Thus, it is possible at present to increase the useful range of cosmogenic-nuclide burial dating by incorporating 21 Ne. Fully realizing the potential improvements in accuracy would benefit from additional estimates of 21 Ne/ 26 Al and 21 Ne/ 10 Be production ratios that are independent of the 26 Al and 10 Be decay constants.
Temperature effects in pressure broadening of indium spectral lines in flames

Abstract The variation of Γ(Δνσ−In 451·1/Δνσ−In 410·2) with flame temperature T is studied and found to increase by about 60% for an C2H2/N2O flame (T ~ 2995°K) compared to an Ar/O2/H2 flame (T ~ 2250°K), where T is a factor dependent upon hyperfine structure of the two In lines and Δνσ is the collisional half-width for the two In lines. The ratio was measured by an atomic absorption method utilizing a continuum source. Similar effects for both Fe and Sn were also observed. Possible reasons for the temperature effect are given.
Calculations of the Cathodic Current Delivery Capacity and Stability of Crevice Corrosion under Atmospheric Environments

Corrosion-resistant materials under atmospheric conditions can suffer from localized corrosion (e.g., pitting, crevice, stress-corrosion cracking). The stability of such a localized corrosion site requires that the site (anode) must dissolve at a sufficiently high rate to maintain the critical chemistry while a wetted surrounding area (cathode) provides matching cathodic current. The objective of this study was to computationally characterize the stability of such a local corrosion site and explore the effects of physio-chemical parameters and electrochemical kinetics. The goal is to contribute to the establishment of a scientific basis for the prediction of the stabilization of localized attack. An analytical method for evaluating the stability of localized corrosion of corrosion-resistant alloys under thin-layer (or atmospheric) conditions is presented. The method uses input data that are either thermodynamic in nature or easily obtained experimentally. The maximum cathode current available depends on the cathode geometry, temperature, relative humidity, deposition density of salt (i.e., mass of salt per unit area of cathode), and the interfacial electrochemical kinetics. The anode demand depends on the crevice geometry, the position of attack within the crevice, and the localized corrosion stability product. By coupling these two approaches, the stability of a crevice can be determined for a given environmental scenario. The method has been applied to the atmospheric crevice corrosion of type 316L stainless steel.
Author retrospective for search and replication in unstructured peer-to-peer networks

Does academic research impact popular open-source peer-to-peer systems? Looking back, we find that the simple technique "expanding ring" does find its use in Gnutella and many other contexts.
What Have We Learned about Legislative Remedies for Rape

At 530 in the morning, 13 July 1974, near the close of a marathon session, the Michigan legislature signed a bill entitled “Criminal Sexual Conduct. ” The small group of reformers who had lobbied all night for the bill saw it as a “wrenching change from the old state law, . . . the first comprehensive attempt by a state to break away from century-old myths and legal traditions surrounding the crime of rape. ”‘ And when the bill passed, one particularly disgruntled legislator shook his fist at the reformers in the gallery and said, “Keep your legs crossed ladies, we will be back next year. ” 2 Sure that they had accomplished an important reform, the activists were cautious, nevertheless, in their predictions of the law’s likely impact:
Implementing management tools in Turkish public hospitals: the impact of culture, politics and role status

The government of Turkey has attempted to substantially improve the management of its public hospitals. However, an analysis of the performance of the quality certified hospitals finds only minor improvements. This study seeks to explain these disappointing results by interviewing 46 hospital managers and employees about the successes and failures of the management reform effort. The interviews suggest that traditional Turkish organisational culture often hinders attempts to decrease hierarchy, but, more positively, it also encourages the use of frontline teams and group rewards. Moreover, Turkey's hybrid system of allowing public doctors to maintain private practices has provided doctors with both the resources and the incentives to fight management reform efforts. Finally, organisational decentralisation in Turkey has evoked fierce political opposition, ironically even from many pro-modernising forces that fear it could increase the power of Islamic fundamentalists. Turkey's experience suggests a number of broader points about management reform in non-western societies. It suggests that decentralisation can often impede, rather than strengthen the other aspects of management reform; that a hybrid market organisation is often harder to move toward market efficiencies than a purely governmental one; and that national cultures should help guide the order in which reform tools are implemented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral molecular squares based on angular bipyridines: self-assembly, characterization, and photophysical properties.

Chiral molecular squares 1−12 based on [M(dppe)]2+ metallocorners (M = Pd or Pt, and dppe = bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane) and new angular bipyridine bridging ligands derived from the 1,1‘-binaphthyl framework were readily assembled and characterized by a variety of techniques including infrared, UV−vis, circular dichroism (CD), and NMR spectroscopy, and ESI mass spectrometry. All these chiral metallocycles are highly luminescent in solution at room temperature with quantum efficiency of 0.06−0.63. Interestingly, when equal molar enantiopure molecular squares of opposite handedness were mixed in solution, a new meso dimeric metallocycle with C2 symmetry formed. This result indicates the lability of the M−pyridyl bonds in these metallocycles, which may hinder their applications in many enantioselective processes.
Immobilization of cholinesterase and urease.

Abstract Procedures are described for the immobilization (insolubilization) of the enzymes cholinesterase and urease in starch and polyacrylamide. Various parameters affecting the immobilization are discussed, and the stability of the insolubilized enzymes in storage and in use is reported.
“Lesbianism is a woman's issue”: Lesbian Activist Organizing in Indonesia

Abstract: Indonesia has no laws regarding homosexuality. In this secular Islamic state normative discourse serves to shore up heterosexuality. State and Islamic discourses work together to represent a normative view of gender and sexuality that explicitly limits women's sexuality within notions of proper femininity and motherhood. Due to state pressures on women, it was not until the late 1990s and the fall of President Suharto that two well-organized activist lesbian organizations appeared in Jakarta. Despite fears of being attacked, these groups have begun to work carefully with the media in an effort to develop a “positive image” of Indonesian lesbians and to gain minority sexual rights.
Observations on the deformation-induced β internal friction peak in BCC metals

During a study of the effects of electron irradiation on the tungsten alpha mechanism, internal friction data were obtained. The data indicate that the mechanism underlying the beta peak does not possess the relaxation parameters generally associated with a simple dislocation process. The significance of the experimental results in the light of beta observations in other metals is discussed. It is suggested that the beta peaks in deformed bcc metals are the anelastic result of the thermally-activated relaxation of deformation-induced imperfections.
Optical anion sensing characteristics of indium-porphyrin and lipophilic dichlorofluorescein doped polymer films

Abstract The anion optical sensing characteristics of polymeric membranes doped with indium-porphyrins and a lipophilic dichlorofluoscein derivative were investigated. The response mechanism is based on extraction of anions into the bulk organic film by indium-porphyrins and a simultaneous co-extraction of hydrogen ions. This results in protonation of the pH chromophore and hence a change in the optical absorbance of the polymeric film. When ordinary indium-porphyrin, indium octaethyl-porphyrin (In(OEP)) was used as ionophore, the dichlorofluorescein (DCFOE) anion acted as ligand coordinating at the indium axial position, which caused the soret band at 407 nm of indium-porphyrin complex to have very low absorption; while the DCFOE absorption spectra in the region 450–530 nm was highly distorted. Anions such as chloride, thiocyanate and salicylate increased absorption of soret band by more than two times. Anion sensors based on In(OEP)–DCFOE is fully reversible with response times of 30 s and life time of more than 1 month. When the picket fence indium-porphyrin was used as the ionophore, anions including dichlorofluorescein do not change the soret band at 407 nm significantly. A highly selective sensor for acetate anion or acetic acid can be fabricated with the indium picket fence porphyrin and DCFOE.
Comparative effects of CGA-92194, cyometrinil, and flurazole on selected metabolic processes of isolated soybean leaf cells

The potential adverse phytotoxic effects of the herbicide safeners CGA-92194 {α-[1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-methoxy)imino]benzeneacetonitrile}, cyometrinil [α-(cyanomethoxy)imino-benzeneacetonitrile] and flurazole [phenylmethyl 2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-5-thiazole-carboxylate] on selected metabolic processes of enzymatically isolated leaf cells of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were compared in time- and concentration-course studies. CO2 fixation, protein synthesis, RNA synthesis, DNA synthesis, and lipid synthesis were assayed by the incorporation of NaH14CO3, [14C]-leucine, [14C]-uracil, [3H]thymidine, and [14C]-acetate, respectively, into the isolated cells. CGA-92194 and cyometrinil behaved similarly, and at low concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μM) they stimulated rather than inhibited the five metabolic processes assayed, following incubation periods of up to 2 h. At the highest concentration of 100 μM, both safeners inhibited all metabolic processes of the soybean leaf cells but neither compound exhibited rapid and distinct inhibitions as might be expected in the case of inhibition of a primary target site by a potent inhibitor. At low concentrations and early incubation periods (30 and 60 min), flurazole effects on all metabolic processes were also stimulatory rather than inhibitory. However, the stimulation of CO2 fixation by 0.1 and 1.0 μM was highly significant. At 100 μM flurazole was extremely potent on all metabolic processes of soybean leaf cells examined. At the 2-h incubation period, flurazole also inhibited all metabolic processes at concentrations lower than 100 μM. The sensitivity of the five metabolic processes to flurazole decreased in the following order: photosynthesis = lipid synthesis >DNA synthesis>protein synthesis>RNA synthesis.
Inference of Tamoxifen's Effects on Prevention of Breast Cancer from a Randomized Controlled Trial.

The largest randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled chemoprevention trial, the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project's Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (NSABP–BCPT), evaluated the efficacy of tamoxifen in preventing breast cancer among women at high risk of developing the disease. The trial has reported a reduction of breast cancer incidence for the tamoxifen group; however, the effect of tamoxifen on the time to diagnosis of the disease over the 6-year follow-up of the trial has not been fully explored in the literature. We propose a flexible semiparametric model to assess the effects of tamoxifen on the incidence of breast cancer as well as time to diagnosis of the disease separately in the framework of a cure rate model. We used an estimating equation approach to estimating the unknown parameters and assessed the semiparametric model assumption with a test based on the area between two survival curves. In the NSABP–BCPT data, we found that tamoxifen has a substantial effect in reducing...
Communities real and imagined: designing a communication system for zimbabwean activists

In this paper, I describe how various understandings of community activated the design of Dialup Radio, a mobile phone-based independent media distribution system for Zimbabwean civil society and human rights activists. I identify three distinct communities and discuss their influence on the design process. Finally, I consider the challenges activist designers face in simultaneously addressing the needs of present-day users and the imagined future communities their projects hope to create.
The distributions of helium isotopes and tritium along the U.S. GEOTRACES North Atlantic sections (GEOTRACES GAO3)

Abstract We present the distributions of helium isotopes (in the form of helium isotope ratio anomaly relative to the atmospheric ratio) and tritium along two sections occupied in the subtropical North Atlantic as part of the first U.S. GEOTRACES survey (GEOTRACES GA03). The general distributions of these isotopes are consistent with the continuing penetration and evolution of bomb-produced tritium and its daughter isotope 3He in the main thermocline and along the western boundary current system. We combine these two distributions to compute a tritium–3He age, which is related to the elapsed time since the water was at the ocean surface. Although it is an indicator biased by the effects of mixing and influenced by the time history and spatial distribution of bomb tritium delivery to the ocean surface, it still remains a useful measure of ventilation time-scales. Aside from the continued propagation of the tritium–3He transient into the ocean interior, there are three notable features of interest in these distributions. The first is the clear signature of upwelling in the water column near the coast of Mauritania, characterized by the upward bowing of isochrones in the thermocline and discernable 3He excess at the ocean surface. A simple 3He mass balance calculation suggests an upwelling flux of order 1.8×106 m3 s−1 (1.8 Sv) along the Mauritanian coast. The second is a mid-depth (~1500–2000 m) core of ventilated waters centered over the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, an anticyclonic circulation of waters likely originating in the Labrador Sea. The third notable feature is a volcanic 3He plume at about 3500 m depth emanating from the TAG Hydrothermal Area that is detectable as much as 500 km away on each side of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. We estimate a 3He:heat ratio of ~7×10–18 mol J−1 and a 3He flux from the TAG site of ~15 mmol y−1. Since 3He is a conserved tracer in the absence of measureable tritium, the correlation of volcanic 3He with other hydrothermally influenced TEIs (e.g., Fe) can be used as a dilution tracer as probe of non-conservative behavior in the water column. Also, since the regional and global fluxes of volcanic 3He are known, the correlations can be used as a regional/global flux gauge for hydrothermal input of those TEIs.
Psychiatry: A very sad story

David Dobbs enjoys a brilliant look at the making of DSM-5, the new 'psychiatrists' Bible'.
A Monte Carlo treatment for reacting and coalescing dispersed phase systems

Abstract The Monte Carlo method of digital computer simulation is used to study the influence of coalescence on the progress of reactions occurring in the dispersed phase of two-phase systems in backmix reactors. Three different types of chemical reaction of both one and two reactants are studied and performance charts are prepared and discussed. It is shown that depending on the system, coalescence can either increase or decrease the extent of conversion of reactants. The Monte Carlo method, because of its simplicity, is found to be especially suited to studying discrete systems of this type since analytical solution is not yet possible and other numerical methods are very cumbersome. Possible extensions are discussed and the possibility of using the dispersed phase model for studying mixing and reaction in homogeneous systems is pointed out.
Young bimodal volcanism at Medicine Lake volcanic center, northern California

Abstract The last 10,000 years of activity at the Medicine Lake volcanic center in northern California is characterized by bimodal mafic and siliceous volcanism. Interflow element variations are complex and exhibit a discontinuity for most elements between 57 and 62 per cent SiO 2 . No simple linear or curvilinear element trends exist between the mafic (Modoc) and siliceous (glass) volcanics. The geochemical variation patterns exhibited by volcanic rocks from the Medicine Lake volcanic center preclude any simple model for magma origin involving either varying degrees of melting or of fractional crystallization. A model is tentatively invoked for the andesites and basalts involving ≳ 35 per cent melting of eclogite (of altered rise tholeiite composition) in a descending slab followed by varying amounts of fractional crystallization and perhaps magma mixing. Up to 20 per cent of shallow fractional crystallization of plagioclase and minor Ti-magnetite seems to be required by the Sr, Eu anomaly, and TiO 2 distributions. Compositional variation and high δO 18 values in most dacite glass flows are best interpreted in terms of a crustal origin involving up to 50 per cent partial melting of average continental crust. Rhyolite glasses may have formed by small degrees of melting (20–30 per cent) of this crust followed by 5–10 per cent of shallow fractional crystallization (removing dominantly plagioclase) or by 40–50 per cent fractional crystallization of a dacite parent (~63 per cent SiO 2 ) produced in the crust. The shallow fractional crystallization is necessary to explain the low Sr contents and large negative Eu anomalies in the rhyolites. Dacites from the Composite Flow are tentatively interpreted to have formed by shallow mixing of a hybrid magma (composed of varying amounts of andesite and dacite) with rhyolite prior to and during eruption.
The adsorbed film theory and solid stabilized emulsions

It is an established fact that a protective stabilization membrane is invariably formed at the interface during emulsification. The film being invisible, its thickness can be identified only by indirect methods. The thickness of the film has been calculated here from interfacial areas determined by size frequency analysis and it has been found to be of colloidal dimensions. While a special thickness of the film is a prerequisite of emulsion stability, there is lack of connection between the two properties, The varying strengths of the film are due to differences in surface tension ratios and not any other physical characteristic of the system. Although the permanence of an emulsion is determined by nature of the film, its other phyiscal characteristics and adsorption of the ions on the film resulting in electrical forces at the interface are the criteria which seem to have a direct bearing on emulsion stability.
High-efficiency graded band-gap Al/x/Ga/1-x/As-GaAs solar cell

A detailed theoretical analysis of an n-on-p graded band-gap Al(x)Ga(1-x)As-GaAs solar cell yields a maximum air mass zero power conversion efficiency of 17% compared to 9% for a similar GaAs cell. The analysis includes surface and bulk minority carrier recombination, junction recombination current, spectrally varying surface reflection, and series resistance loss. The maximum efficiency is determined for a surface recombination velocity of 10,000 cm/sec and hole and electron diffusion lengths of 2.1 and 7.6 microns, respectively. The improved efficiency is primarily due to a built-in electric field, caused by the band-gap gradation, accelerating photogenerated holes toward the p-n junction. This field reduces the surface and bulk recombination of the holes, and thereby enhances their collection.
Eimeria utahensis sp. n. from Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys ordii and D. microps) in Northwestern Utah

SYNOPSIS. The sporulated oocysts of Eimeria utahensis sp. n. from 2 species of kangaroo rats in northwestern Utah are described. The oocysts averaged 42.0 by 39.3 μ, and had rough, yellow-brown walls, about 3 μ thick. In each sporocyst, a substiedal body was seen beneath the Stieda body; this is the 1st report of such a structure in any Eimeria species. E. utahensis was found in 3.6% of 196 Dipodomys ordii and 19.4% of 36 D. microps. The incidence was higher in young adult than in adult Ord kangaroo rats and lowest in juveniles; in D. microps only adults were infected. The mean prepatent period was 9.8 days. The patent period could not be determined because of apparent reinfections; there was no evidence of immunity.
Mechanism of sequential induction of cell-type specific mRNAs in Dictyostelium differentiation

Upon starvation, the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum initiates a 24-h programme of differentiation1. Within 6 h, cells move towards aggregation centres in response to pulsatile synthesis and secretion of cyclic AMP2–4. At about 12 h, aggregates of 105 cells are formed, held together by newly made surface adhesion molecules5–8. The cells then differentiate into the two principal types found in the terminal stage of development, spores and stalks. Here we show that the chemotaxis and aggregation stages of this developmental programme can be described as a series of sequential events in which these extracellular signals—starvation, cyclic AMP and cell–cell contact—induce specific, sequential changes in the pattern of gene expression.
Wrist arthroscopy for the treatment of ligament and triangular fibrocartilage complex injuries

The use of arthroscopy was evaluated in 47 patients who were treated for suspected triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) tears, scapholunate (SL) tears, and/or lunotriquetral (LT) tears. Wrist arthroscopy was performed using traction and standard portals. Any TFCC tear found was debrided to a stable rim. SL and LT tears were debrided to bleeding bone. The range of follow-up was 1.5 to 50 months (average, 15.4 months). Patient grading was determined usin the Mayo Modified Wrist Score. For the 28 patients with TFCC tears, the results were excellent in 13, good in 8, fair in 2, and poor in 5. For the 23 patients with SL tears, the results were 11, 9, 1, and 2, respectively. Of the 5 patients with LT tears, 1 result was excellent, and 4 were poor. Workers compensation did not affect results. Arthroscopic debridement of SL and TFCC tears has proven effective. Debridement of LT tears has not been as successful. Based on our results, we feel that arthroscopic debridement of SL and TFCC tears is warranted.
Coronary CT Angiography in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) has become a very useful non-invasive test in the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD). Patients with arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation (AF), are often difficult to study with coronary CTA due to difficulties in image acquisition and temporal resolution. About a quarter of patients with AF have concomitant CAD, and knowledge of underlying CAD is important in the management of these patients. Although the presence of AF has been considered a relative contraindication for coronary CTA, technological developments in CT scanner design, acquisition and post processing techniques have improved the ability to consistently obtain diagnostic image quality with similar diagnostic performance characteristics as in patients with sinus rhythm. This article reviews the current data on use of coronary CTA in the evaluation of CAD in patients with AF.
Dexamethasone Rapidly Induces a Novel Ras Superfamily Member-related Gene in AtT-20 Cells *

Differential display was used to identify a new Ras superfamily gene (Dexras1) induced by dexamethasone (Dex) in AtT-20 cells. Treatment of AtT-20 cells with Dex for 30 min resulted in increased mRNA for Dexras1; the highest concentrations appeared after 2 h of treatment. The gene was also identified in mouse heart, brain, liver, and kidney and furthermore was induced in these tissues after Dex treatment. The deduced protein shows regions of homology characteristic of members of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases. Highest homology (36% identity, 57% positives) was found with human Rap-2b, followed closely by a number of other Ras subfamily members, suggesting that Dexras1 is probably a member of the Ras subfamily of GTPases (members include Ras and Rap). Dexras1is the first Ras superfamily member identified that is induced in response to steroids. The function of this gene is unknown; however, its wide distribution and rapid induction by Dex suggests the possibility of a role in glucocorticoid action in a variety of tissues.
Metallobiochemistry of RNA. Co(NH3)63+ as a probe for Mg2+(aq) binding sites

Abstract Co(NH 3 ) 6 3+ may serve as a probe of outer sphere complexation by Mg(H 2 O) 6 2+ with RNA. The number of metal binding sites may be quantitatively assessed by optical spectroscopy (55–130, depending on background [K + ]). Novel coordination-induced features have been observed in circular dichroism spectra.
Stimulation of an invitro amino acid incorporating system by illumination of dark-grown plants☆

A number of morphological and biochemical changes occur in the leaves of most higher plants after dark-grown shoots are exposed to light. One characteristic effect is a relatively rapid and extensive increase in total leaf protein (De Deken-Grenson, 1954; Mego and Jagendorf, 1961). This change is accompanied by the development of a number of enzymatic activities not found in the etiolated leaf (Marcus, 1960; Tolbert and Gailey, 1955; and Keister, Jagendorf, and San Pietro, 1962). Because this effect of light represents a unique and presumably specific regulation of protein synthesis, we have attempted to study the phenomenon further invitro. This preliminary report is concerned with the effect of light on dark-grown seedlings as reflected by the amino acid incorporating activity of subsequently prepared ribosomes.
Using Performance Indices to Evaluate the Estimate at Completion

Abstract The estimated final cost of a defense contract, termed the “Estimate at Completion” (EAC), is a controversial number. In their role as advocates, project managers may be reluctant to support an accurate estimate if the estimate is considered too pessimistic for the project to tolerate. The responsible analyst needs a persuasive tool to defend an accurate, but pessimistic EAC. This paper briefly describes the use of performance indices to assess the accuracy of the EAC. Following a brief review of the generic EAC formula, the paper describes how two performances indices, the Cost Performance Index (CPI) and the To-Complete Performance Index (TCPI), may be used to evaluate the accuracy of the EAC. Examples from the A-12 program are used to illustrate the technique.
On the Pretransitional Effects in Nematogens

Abstract We show in this note that the experimentally observed strong pretransitional effects in nematogens can be described in terms of a mean field theory if the free energy expansion is not truncated at the quadratic term. A simple uniform fluctuation model gives rise to light scattering intensity in good agreement with experiment.
Establishment and Research of Semi-Physical and Real-Time Simulation Platform for V2G Electric Vehicle Charging System

Through constructing the battery system of electric vehicle, real-time simulation model of V2G charging converter topology, and combined with material object of hardware and software of V2G charger controller, establishing semi-physical simulation platform for V2G electric vehicle charging system based on RT-LAB real-time systems, which making use of real-time simulation platform to research the control mechanism of charger controller. The experimental results show that: the constructed semi-physical simulation platform is running well, its simulation results of charging and discharging process is relatively consistent with the actual output of V2G charging equipment, it can be used to verify the developed adjustment mechanism of V2G charger and the charging and discharging process of a variety of electric vehicle battery system, provides an ideal semi-physical simulation platform for the verification of the control strategy of electric vehicle V2G charger.
Ballad of the apocalypse: Another look at Bob Dylan's “hard rain”

Bob Dylan's musical and textual eclecticism is unusual in popular culture, where a single, recognizable persona and style is usually a precondition for success. Dylan's career can be analyzed as a continual shifting and synthesis between seemingly incompatible musical and textual genres, creating a “noise” which has political ramifications. Though Dylan's song “A Hard Rain's A‐Gonna Fall” is often considered to belong to his “protest” phase, there has been little investigation of what sort of musical and communicative structures such generic designations really entail. Though many critics have mentioned the apocalyptic strain in the music of Bob Dylan, and nearly everyone recognizes the influence of Anglo‐American folk music on his early work, this is the first detailed analysis of how Dylan is able to accommodate two such radically different traditions—the biblical imagery and anaphoric lyricisim of apocalypse vs. the hard‐nosed realist narratives of the English ballad—within a single work, and of how th...
The Self-Consciousness Scale: A Confirmatory Analysis

The Self-consciousness Scale measures three dimensions, private self-consciousness, public self-consciousness, and social anxiety. The present research tested previously used three- and four-factor models of the scale. Results, using confirmatory factor analysis, showed that a modified three-factor model, different from the others, fined the data best.
Cancer Immunotherapy — The Endgame Begins

Every clinical investigator who has witnessed remarkable tumor regressions in some patients treated with immunotherapy has been intrigued and tormented by the idea that immunotherapy can trigger powerful and durable cancer control. Dr. Louis Weiner discusses tumor-derived immunosuppression.
Small angle X-ray scattering studies on carbons derived from polyfurfuryl alcohol and polyfurfuryl alcohol-ferrocene copolymers

Abstract Small angle X-ray scattering techniques have been used to characterize the porous nature of glassy carbons derived from polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) and from PFA-ferrocene derivative copolymers. Samples were prepared under controlled heating conditions within the temperature range 970–2500°C. For carbons produced only from PFA it is shown that each contains micropores of a narrow size distribution. As heat treatment temperature increases there is a progressive development of both pore structure and of order within the carbon matrix. A comparison is made of specific surface area results for PF'A carbons as measured by small angle X-ray procedures and by CO 2 at −78°C. The small angle X-ray results for the materials produced from the iron-containing precursors indicate the presence of two distinct regions of heterogeneity in the carbon matrix. One is microporous and the other is of larger pores of a much wider size distribution. It is also suggested that these larger pores account for these carbons having lower tensile strength and higher electrical resistivity than a corresponding PFA carbon.
PKCε has an alcohol-binding site in its second cysteine-rich regulatory domain

In this paper, His248, Tyr250, Thr254, Asn279, Gln272, Lys251 … In this paper, His248, Tyr250, Thr254, Asn279, Gln272, Lys251 …
Maimonides on Freedom of the Will and Moral Responsibility

Until fairly recently, the usual view of Maimonides' position on freedom of the will was that he was a strict libertarian. This is because he appears to assert unequivocally in several places in this Commentary to the Mishna, most notably in Shemonah Perakim 8 and in Mishneh Torah (Teshuva 5), that human choice is undetermined. Alexander Altman and Shlomo Pines challenged this view in recent years by arguing, mostly on the basis of Guide of the Perplexed 2.48, that Maimonides maintained an esoteric view according to which human choice is determined by the natural order, which is itself determined by God.
Temporal Stability of Freeway Macroscopic Traffic Stream Models

A key assumption for the successful deployment of mesoscopic transportation network simulation to assess network behavior and performance at a future planning horizon is that the parameters of the constituent macroscopic traffic stream models remain stable at relatively long planning time scales. However, no research has been undertaken to test this assumption systematically. Assessing the validity of this implicit assumption requires rigorous analysis based on empirical traffic data covering a long period. Extensive freeway management systems have now been in place long enough to provide these empirical data. A method to investigate the issue of temporal stability of freeway macroscopic traffic stream models rigorously with 15 years of traffic data from the London Orbital Motorway is presented and implemented. Two forms of macroscopic traffic stream models, namely, a two-regime and a three-regime model form, were studied in this research. With a 13-week, outlier-corrected moving window sampling method an...
Experimental Production of Aberrant Ventricular Conduction in Man

Aberrant ventricular conduction (AbC) was produced in 17 of 18 subjects, including six normal persons, by the introduction of electric stimuli via a transvenous catheter situated in the right atrium. Analysis of electrophysiological determinants indicated that AbC was favored by a long cycle preceding the short cycle which terminated in the aberrant complex, a short R to stimulus coupling interval, and fast atrioventricular conduction time. Electrocardiographic analysis of AbC revealed that all patients had right bundle-branch block (RBBB). In addition, incomplete right bundle-branch block was present in eight patients and was transformed to RBBB in all cases by shortening the coupling interval. Ten patients had slight but distinct variations of their RBBB pattern. There were two instances each of left bundle-branch block and intraventricular conduction disturbance. Hence, any patient may have the potential to produce a variety of AbC patterns. AbC was produced in six normal subjects and must be considere...
Structural biology of glycoprotein hormones and their receptors.

Glycoprotein hormones regulate reproduction in vertebrates and exert their actions through specific G protein-coupled receptors on target cell surfaces. Structural information is now available for human chorionic gonadotropin (G) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and FSH bound to the extracellular binding domain of its receptor (FSHRHB) The recently determined structure of a human FSH-FSHRHB complex provides an explanation for the specificity of glycoprotein hormones binding to their receptors, and it suggests hypotheses concerning the mechanism of transmembrane signal transduction.
Stabilization of optical phase/frequency of a laser system: application to a commercial dye laser with an external stabilizer

We present a comprehensive and quasi-tutorial review of the theory for analyzing the optical power spectrum of an optical field that has noise modulations of both the amplitude and the phase. We also present experimental results of the frequency stabilization of a commercial dye laser to a high-finesse Fabry–Perot cavity (0.49-Hz resulting full linewidth) and of the optical phase locking of the dye laser to a second reference laser (putting 97% of the optical power into the carrier) using an external stabilizer scheme. This external optical phase/frequency stabilization technique can be applied to virtually any cw laser system.
Involvement of nuclear factor of activated T cells activation in UV response. Evidence from cell culture and transgenic mice.

Abstract Mammalian cells respond to UV radiation by signaling cascades leading to activation of transcription factors, such as activated protein 1, NFκB, and p53, a process known as the “UV response.” Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) was first identified as an inducible nuclear factor in immune response and subsequently found to be expressed in other tissues and cells. To date, however, the regulation and function of NFAT in tissues and cells, other than the immune system, are not well understood. In this study, we demonstrate that UV radiation activates NFAT-dependent transcription through a calcium-dependent mechanism in mouse epidermal JB6 cell lines, as well as in the skin of NFAT-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. Exposure of JB6 cells to UV radiation leads to the transactivation of NFAT in a dose-dependent manner. A23187 had a synergistic effect with UV for NFAT induction, whereas pretreatment of cells with nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, dramatically impaired the NFAT activity induced by either UV or UV plus A23187. Calcium-dependent activation of NFAT by UV was further confirmed by an in vivo study using NFAT-luciferase reporter transgenic mice. These results demonstrated that UV radiation is a strong activator for skin NFAT transactivation through calcium-dependent pathways, suggesting that NFAT activation may be a part of the UV response.
Rapid gibberellin responses and the action of adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in aleurone layers.

Abstract 1. 1. Studies on the biological significance of the effects of adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) and their relation to the responses mediated by gibberellic acid in cereal grains are reported. Increased secretion of soluble sugar by barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Betzes) aleurone layers within 15 min after applying cyclic AMP or gibberellic acid may be realized if the cells are washed prior to treatment. 2. 2. Although cyclic AMP alone can effectively mimic gibberellic acid, even in causing the synthesis and secretion of amylase, this effect of the nucleotide is only realized sporadically. 3. 3. The responses obtained by treating barley or wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Genesee) layers with suboptimal concentrations of gibberellic acid are potentiated consistently by treating the tissue simultaneously with cyclic AMP. Similarly, layers that are pretreated with suboptimal concentrations of the hormone, washed and then treated either with higher concentrations of the hormone or with cyclic AMP respond rapidly by secreting increased amounts of metabolites and enzymes into the medium. The potentiation is specific for cyclic AMP, among the nucleotides; its dibutyryl derivative being more active than the parent compound. 4. 4. Adenosine was th eonly radioactive product detected in the medium after incubation of labelled cyclic AMP with barley layers. It is concluded that some criteria for a biologically significant involvement of cyclic AMP in layers have been met. It is postulated, however, that cyclic AMP does not substitute entirely for the growth factor by probably acts by potentiating the responses that are initiated by the hormone.
A COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR FIELD ANALYSIS DERIVED MODEL OF THE BINDING OF TAXOL ANALOGUES TO MICROTUBULES

Abstract We investigated a series of Taxol ® ( 1 , paclitaxel) analogues using a 3-D QSAR approach (CoMFA). Published and unpublished data for more than 50 compounds have been included in the analysis and the model has been used to predict the activity of other analogues. The model accurately describes known SARs and also has good predictive power.
Tadpole behaviour: aggregation in larval Xenopus laevis.

Abstract Tadpoles of Xenopus laevis were placed in partitioned, clear plastic trays to test their response to the visual presence of conspecifics. Two different developmental stages were used in separate controlled experiments. The results show that both the younger and older tadpoles will form aggregates based solely on the visual presence of other individuals. It was further demonstrated that this behaviour was lost at metamorphosis, since young post-metamorphic individuals do not show a significant tendency to aggregate under the same controlled conditions.
Cortical plasticity, contingent negative variation, and transcendent experiences during practice of the Transcendental Meditation technique

Abstract This study investigated effects of transcendent experiences on contingent negative variation (CNV) amplitude, CNV rebound, and distraction effects. Three groups of age-matched subjects with few ( 1 )/tone (S 2 )/button press) followed by 31 divided-attention trials — randomly intermixed trials with or without a three-letter memory task in the S 1 –S 2 interval). Late CNV amplitudes in the simple trials were smallest in the group with fewest, and largest in the group with most frequent transcendent experiences. Conversely, CNV distraction effects were largest in the group with fewest and smallest in the group with most frequent transcendent experiences (the second group's values were in the middle in each case). These data suggest culminative effects of transcendent experiences on cortical preparatory response (heightened late CNV amplitude in simple trials) and executive functioning (diminished distraction effects in letter trials).
Electrophysiological evidence of GABAA and GABAC receptors on zebrafish retinal bipolar cells.

To refine inhibitory circuitry models for ON and OFF pathways in zebrafish retina, GABAergic properties of zebrafish bipolar cells were studied with two techniques: whole cell patch responses to GABA puffs in retinal slice, and voltage probe responses in isolated cells. Retinal slices documented predominantly axon terminal responses; isolated cells revealed mainly soma-dendritic responses. In the slice, GABA elicited a conductance increase, GABA responses were more robust at axon terminals than dendrites, and Erev varied with [Cl−]in. Axon terminals of ON- and OFF-type cells were similarly sensitive to GABA (30–40 pA peak current); axotomized cells were unresponsive. Bicuculline-sensitive, picrotoxin-sensitive, and picrotoxin-insensitive components were identified. Muscimol was as effective as GABA; baclofen was ineffective. Isolated bipolar cells were either intact or axotomized. Even in cells without an axon, GABA or muscimol (but not baclofen) hyperpolarized dendritic and somatic regions, suggesting significant distal expression. Median fluorescence change for GABA was −0.22 log units (∼ −16 mV); median half-amplitude dose was 0.4 μM. Reduced [Cl−]out blocked GABA responses. GABA hyperpolarized isolated ON-bipolar cells; OFF-cells were either unresponsive or depolarized. Hyperpolarizing GABA responses in isolated cells were bicuculline and TPMPA insensitive, but blocked or partially blocked by picrotoxin or zinc. In summary, axon terminals contain bicuculline-sensitive GABAA receptors and both picrotoxin-sensitive and insensitive GABAC receptors. Dendritic processes express zinc- and picrotoxin-sensitive GABAC receptors.
IS ITEM OVERLAP RESPONSIBLE FOR A "BUILT-IN" FACTOR STRUCTURE?

3 sets of empirical data, 2 from samples of college students and 1 from a sample of psychopathic felons, were factored, along with correlations based solely on the number of overlapping items in th...
DISCREPANCIES IN MITOTIC CYCLE TIME WHEN MEASURED WITH TRITIATED THYMIDINE AND COLCHICINE.

Abstract Tritiated thymidine (3H-T) and colchicine were compared with respect to their use in measuring the mitotic cycle duration of root meristem cells of Pisum sativum. The mitotic cycle of Pisum root meristem cells at 20 °C ± 1 ° was measured by (1) labeling with 3H-T (spec. act. 5.3 × 103 mC/mM, 2 μC/ml) for 30 min and observing the sequential appearance and disappearance of labeled mitotic figures, (2) treatment with 3.76 × 10−4 M colchicine for 30 min and observing the eventual appearance of tetraploid mitotic figures and (3) simultaneously treating the meristems with 3H-T and colchicine. The latter procedure distinctly marks cells in two different segments of the mitotic cycle. Cells entering mitosis are affected by colchicine in such a manner as to prevent cytokinesis but not karyokinesis; these cells appear as tetraploids in the subsequent mitosis and thereby provide a measurement of the mitotic cycle duration. Since DNA synthesis in Pisum takes place approximately midway in interphase, 3H-T labeled cells appear in mitosis before the tetraploid cells. When the 3H-T labeled cells are in division, the tetraploid cells are in interphase and vice versa. Thus the combined use of 3H-T and colchicine provide a quick and accurate measurement of the interphase period durations. The results indicate that (1) the first mitotic cycle following pulse labeling with 3H-T averages 1.4 times longer than that measured with colchicine, and (2) the increase in the cycle time measured by 3H-T appeared to occur in G1. The elongated cycle as measured with 3H-T was hypothesized to be either the result of chronic β-irradiation from tritium located in the cellular DNA or the result of different population constituents composing the 3H-T labeled cells and the colchicine-induced tetraploid cells.
Consumption, Body Image, and Rural–Urban Apartheid in Contemporary China

This paper investigates how rural migrant bar hostesses in China's contemporary urban settings deploy their marginaUty as a resource and a weapon to debunk derogatory understandings of who they are. Based on research in the city of Dalian, I argue that hostesses struggle within a system of rural–Urban apartheid to forge a new identity, but that their degrees of freedom are sharply curtailed by the economic and political constraints under which they operate. Analysis of hostesses consumption patterns also challenges Daniel Miller's treatment of consumption as individualistic expressive behavior. Hostesses' consumption patterns suggest that their consumption, rather than the product of freely operating, individual imaginations, is directly curtailed by their social position as rural migrant women and sex workers. [Consumption, modernity, sex workers, marginality, urban China]
Organic manic disorders

Abstract Using specified criteria, Krauthammer and Kierman's review of the literature for causes for manic symptoms found cases of secondary mania owing to drugs, infection, neoplasm, epilepsy, and metabolic disturbances. We reviewed publications subsequent to their 1978 report for additional cases of secondary mania occurring in the absence of delirium and of prior affective illness. Our review reemphasizes the importance of the medical and neurologic history and examination, of a medication history, and of appropriate laboratory studies (electrolytes, thyroid function, syphilis serology) in evaluating manic patients for underlying medical conditions. Attention to the diagnosis of secondary mania is especially important in patients presenting with a first episode in later life and with a negative family history for mania.