cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Trait worry is associated with difficulties in working memory updating

The current study investigated the effects of trait worry, a subcomponent of trait anxiety, on the process of updating information in working memory (WM). A leading theory on anxiety and executive functions, attentional control theory (ACT), states that anxiety is not related to WM updating in emotionally neutral situations. Previous research, however, has focused almost exclusively on WM span tasks that primarily emphasised storage, rather than the updating of WM representations. Moreover, few studies have directly examined the effects of trait worry. In this study, 116 subjects performed a WM updating task that required the memorisation of short lists of words and the within-trial removal of some of these items from WM. Results indicated that levels of trait worry were not related to word-span performance, but were related to performance on trials that required subjects to effectively update WM. Moreover, these effects were observed only for trait worry, not for levels of anxious arousal or comorbid levels of dysphoria. These results support the hypothesis that trait worry is related to WM updating performance and thereby extend ACT in new directions.
Building a model to understand youth service access: the gateway provider model.

Enhancing the functioning of parents, teachers, juvenile justice authorities, and other health and mental heal professionals who direct children and adolescents to services is a major mental health services concern. The Gateway Provider Model is an elaborated testable subset of the Network-Episode Model (NEM; B. A. Pescosolido & C. A. Boyer, 1999) that synthesizes it with Decision (D. H. Gustafson, et al., 1999) and organizational theory (C. Glisson, 2002; C. Glisson & L. James, 1992, 2002). The Gateway Provider Model focuses on central influences that affect youth’s access to treatment, i.e., the individual who first identifies a problem and sends a youth to treatment (the “gateway provider”); and the need those individuals have for information on youth problems and relevant potential resources. Preliminary studies by the authors and other applicable studies (D. Carise & O. Gurel, 2003) show that providers’ perception of need, and their knowledge of resources, and their environment are related to the decision to offer or refer to services, supporting key aspects of the Model.
Diffuse tomography: Using time‐of‐flight information in a two‐dimensional model

We show that time-of-flight data can be useful in a simple model of optical tomography. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Imaging Syst Technol, 11, 283–286, 2000
TERRITORIALITY, SITE FIDELITY, AND SURVIVORSHIP OF WILLOW FLYCATCHERS WINTERING IN COSTA RICA

Abstract We studied wintering Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii) in two seasonal freshwater wetland habitats in northwestern Costa Rica during five boreal winters, to determine habitat occupancy, overwinter and between-year site and territory fidelity, and the degree to which the sexes maintain and defend winter territories. Both males and females used agonistic displays, song, and other vocalizations to maintain and defend mutually exclusive winter territories. Males were generally more abundant than females, but this varied by site and year. There was no significant difference in male and female territory size, nor any indication of sexual habitat segregation. Similarity in morphology and aggressiveness between the sexes may account for the lack of habitat segregation and the ability of females to maintain territories at wintering sites. Each year, 80%–92% of banded flycatchers that were present in midwinter remained at the site until late winter; of these, 86%–100% of individuals maintained the sa...
High-Performance DACs: Unifying 16-Bit Dynamic Range with GS/s Data-Rates

Analysis of recent publications reveals that high performance DAC design can be sub-divided into two types of design approaches. In essence these approaches differ as far as the control of mismatch related effects is concerned. On the one hand one can design such that these effects are intrinsically sufficiently under control but then additional advanced design techniques are required to limit the side-effects of this intrinsic approach. On the other hand one can also rely on mismatch calibration to simplify the design itself. For this approach we will also focus on a more recent specific calibration concept for high performance DACs to unify 16-bit dynamic range with GS/s data-rates. Both approaches have their strengths and weaknesses and depending on the application either one could be more favorable.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN VARIOUS DEFINITIONS OF PROMPT-NEUTRON LIFETIME.

The mean time to destruction of a neutron is shown to be equal to the reciprocal unity-weighted loss rate for a general neutron transport problem. The mean production time and reciprocal importance...
The Japanese General Election of 1928

On February 20, the long expected parliamentary election was held. As the first expression of national opinion under the manhood suffrage law, its result was awaited with unusual interest. Dissolution of the House of Representatives had been demanded by the liberal press ever since the passage of the election law of 1925, but the old parties had been reluctant to appeal to the electorate. In the fifty-second session of the Diet, the Kenseikai cabinet reaped a harvest of unpopularity by an arrangement with the Seiyukai and Seiyuhonto which prevented a no-confidence vote. When the Seiyukai came into office in April, 1927, it was apparent that any ministry which postponed dissolution would forfeit popular esteem; and in any case the four-year term automatically required a general election before May, 1928. The Kenseikai and the Seiyuhonto made preparation for the coming election by amalgamating into a united opposition under the name of the Rikken Minseito. The Seiyukai prepared by dismissing the governors in twenty-four of the forty-seven prefectures and filling their places with adherents who would promote the party's interests at the polls.
Effect of dietary bile acids on in vivo cholesterol metabolism in the rat.

Summary1) A 3-week period of feeding a diet containing 0.5% cholic acid did not alter serum and adrenal total cholesterol levels. However, a slight but significant increase in liver total cholesterol was observed. Dietary dehydrocholic acid had no effect on serum, liver or adrenal total cholesterol levels. 2) Cholic acid increased serum bile acid concentration. while dehydrocholic acid had no effect. 3) Dietary cholic acid reduced rates of synthesis and mobilization of cholesterol in both liver and adrenal. Dehydrocholic acid produced similar results but to a lesser degree. 4) Accumulation and mobilization of serum cholesterol were retarded by dietary cholic acid, and slightly by dehydrocholic acid.
Average Temperature, Diurnal Temperature Variation, and Stroke Hospitalizations

Background Studies assessing the relationship between meteorological factors and stroke incidence are inconsistent. We assessed the associations of average temperature and diurnal temperature fluctuations with ischemic stroke hospitalizations in a nationally representative sample of patients in the United States. Methods Hospitalizations were identified for adults aged 18 years or older in the 2009-2011 Nationwide Inpatient Sample and linked with county-level monthly average temperatures from the United States National Climatic Data Center. Logistic regression models assessed the relationships of 5°F increases in average temperature and diurnal temperature variation (difference between high- and low-daily temperatures) with the odds of ischemic stroke hospitalization (International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes 433, 434, and 436), adjusting for patient characteristics and dew point. Models were stratified by age (18-64, ≥65 years), season, and region, with analysis at the hospitalization level. Results Increased average temperature was associated with decreased odds of stroke hospitalization among both age groups and across seasons in the Northeast, and among the elderly in the West. Increased diurnal temperature variation was associated with increased odds of stroke hospitalization for nearly all regions in the spring to fall seasons; associations were most pronounced in the Northeast and strongest in the spring. Conclusions Lower average temperature and larger diurnal temperature variations were associated with stroke hospitalizations. Associations were strongest in the Northeast and largely similar across seasons and age. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms underlying these associations. Understanding these patterns may lead to targeted prevention strategies for vulnerable populations during periods of extreme weather conditions.
Determination of Antibody Structures

While antibodies share a conserved structural framework, their complementarity-determining region loops are highly variable in size and sequence. Even more variable are the potential ways these loops can be used to interact with antigen. Thus, X-ray crystal structures of antibody Fab fragments and Fab-antigen complexes are critical for a detailed understanding of the antibody-antigen recognition process. This chapter describes the basic procedures necessary for the crystallization and structure determination of antibody Fab fragments by X-ray crystallography.
E-127 intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) is considered an ophthalmologic emergency. Neurointerventionalists commonly treat emergent large vessel occlusion stroke with endovascular reperfusion procedures and, therefore, are well positioned to provide emergent endovascular treatment of CRAO with intra-arterial thrombolysis (IAT). The clinical benefit of IAT therapy for CRAO remains controversial. The most recent systematic review and meta-analysis on the topic was published in 2000 that evaluated five studies totaling 100 patients. Since that time additional studies have been performed with hundreds more patients available including a randomized controlled trial. Here we performed a systematic review of the literature and an exploratory meta-analysis. Methods A comprehensive literature search was conducted in MEDLINE (1946–January 2015) for the following medical keywords: intra-arterial thrombolysis; retinal artery occlusion; intra-arterial fibrinolysis; and retinal artery. Additional articles were identified by review of the reference sections of each article. Inclusion criteria consisted of articles written in English, microcatheter directed infusion of thrombolytic (tPA, urokinase, streptokinase), studies with control groups, and studies with more than five patients. An exploratory meta-analysis was conducted for studies of a similar level of evidence using the inverse variance method for weighting studies and the DerSimonian-Laird estimator for quantifying heterogeneity. A Forest plot was created using R (package meta) statistical software. Results Six studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria.1–6 There were five controlled retrospective cohort studies consisting of 409 patients and one randomized controlled trial (RCT) consisting of 82 patients (EAGLE Study). Pooled analysis was not performed on the RCT due to it having a significantly different level of evidence. The estimated pooled odds ratio for fixed effects analysis of the remaining five studies was 3.11 (95% CI, 2.02 to 4.78; P Conclusion IAT therapy for CRAO remains controversial. Pooled analysis of the retrospective studies supports IAT therapy whereas a single RCT does not support intervention. Other authors have suggested significant methodological concerns for the EAGLE study calling into question its conclusions that conflict with favorable studies of presumably lower levels of evidence.7 Additional study, potentially with stricter IAT time to treatment criteria may be warranted. References Ahn SJ. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2013;54(12):7746–55 Aldrich EM. Stroke 2008;39:1746–50 Arnold M J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005;76:196–199 Schmidt DP. AJNR 2002;23:1301–7 Weber J. Stroke 1998;29:2076–79 Schumacher M. Ophthalmology 2010;117(7):1367–75 Hayreh SS. Graefe Arch Ophthal. 2007;245:464–66 Disclosures P. Page: None. A. Cambon: None. R. James: 1; C; Microvention, Penumbra. 2; C; Pulsar, Covidien. 4; C; Remedy Pharmaceuticals.
A physiological and behavioral system for hearing restoration with cochlear implants

Cochlear implants are neuroprosthetic devices that provide hearing to deaf patients. However, outcomes can be highly variable from patient to patient, and it is unclear how these devices stimulate ...
Curing the historically incurable: treatment success with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir for chronic hepatitis C virus in a heavily treatment-experienced individual.

SummaryWhat is known and objective Significant progression in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus has been made with the introduction of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). However, limited data are available for the retreatment of individuals who have failed multiple prior DAAs. Case description We report a single case of an individual who was unsuccessfully treated with five prior hepatitis C virus treatment regimens including simeprevir plus sofosbuvir who was successfully cured after treatment with ledipasvir/sofosbuvir. What is new and conclusion Ledipasvir/sofosbuvir may be an option for treating patients who have failed multiple prior DAA regimens; however, further research is warranted.
Klp10A, a stem cell centrosome-enriched kinesin, balances asymmetries in Drosophila male germline stem cell division

Asymmetric stem cell division is often accompanied by stereotypical inheritance of the mother and daughter centrosomes. However, it remains unknown whether and how stem cell centrosomes are uniquely regulated and how this regulation may contribute to stem cell fate. Here we identify Klp10A, a microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin of the kinesin-13 family, as the first protein enriched in the stem cell centrosome in Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs). Depletion of klp10A results in abnormal elongation of the mother centrosomes in GSCs, suggesting the existence of a stem cell-specific centrosome regulation program. Concomitant with mother centrosome elongation, GSCs form asymmetric spindle, wherein the elongated mother centrosome organizes considerably larger half spindle than the other. This leads to asymmetric cell size, yielding a smaller differentiating daughter cell. We propose that klp10A functions to counteract undesirable asymmetries that may result as a by-product of achieving asymmetries essential for successful stem cell divisions.
Changes in Cortical Plasticity in Relation to a History of Concussion during Adolescence.

Adolescence is a period of continued neurophysiological development where traumatic brain injury may have profound long-term effects. The current study investigated differences in motor cortical physiology and neuroplastic potential across a cohort of young adults with adolescent concussion history and those without. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was used to assess motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, short-interval cortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) before and after intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS). Pre-iTBS, MEP amplitude, but not SICI or ICF, was greater in the concussion history group. Post-iTBS, the expected increase in MEP amplitude and ICF was tempered in the concussion history group. Change in SICI was variable within the concussion history group. Post-hoc assessment revealed that SICI was significantly lower in individuals whose concussion was not diagnosed at the time of injury compared to both those without a concussion history or whose concussion was medically diagnosed. Concussive impacts during adolescence appear to result in a persistent reduction of the ability to modulate facilitatory motor networks. Failure to report/identify concussive impacts close to injury during adolescence also appears to produce persistent change in inhibitory networks. These findings highlight the potential long-term impact of adolescent concussion upon motor cortical physiology.
The Roslyn School District Fraud: Improving School District Internal Control and Financial Oversight

ABSTRACT: The voters in Roslyn, New York inadvertently funded a multi-year embezzlement of $11 million of school district tax funds. Disguised by exceptional school rankings, and supported through a strong tax base, it was the largest embezzlement of school district funds to occur in the United States. Perpetrated by a school superintendent and his conspirators, initial evidence of the cash fraud was discovered two years prior to a formal investigation; however, a series of cover-ups by board of education members along with substandard audit work allowed the embezzlement to continue. State regulators responded to the crisis with the passage of a series of fiscal reform legislation aimed at improving school district internal control through changes in school district governance, the procurement of independent auditing, and state agency oversight. The case explores the incentives, rationalization, and opportunities for the perpetration and concealment of the Roslyn fraud as well as the overall impact of the...
qSOFA-welcome to the sepsis alphabet soup.

Sepsis-3 has generated a significant amount of debate and controversy since its introduction. Specifically, Sepsis-3 introduced qSOFA as a new terminology for identifying at risk patients for sepsis.
Planting in Fertile Soil: The National Rifle Association and State Firearms Legislation*

Objective Are increases in citizen demand for guns a boon to advocates of firearms deregulation? We examine this question via state firearms legislation approved between 2009 and 2013, a period marked both by state activism regarding firearms and large surges in the demand for guns in response to Barack Obama's two presidential elections. Methods We conduct a multivariate analysis of an original data set of state firearms laws approved between 2009 and 2013. We measure directional shifts in the tenor of firearms legislation across 49 states, controlling for both demographic and political variables. Result During this period, deregulation of firearms was associated with more ideologically conservative state legislatures as well as the interaction between Obama-induced surges in gun sales and increased National Rifle Association state campaign spending. Conclusion The findings suggest that increased citizen demand for firearms provides a legislative climate that is advantageous for groups advocating the deregulation of firearms.
Al-Khalīl (8th Century a.d.)

Al-Khalīl is abdu al-Rahmān al-khalīl ibn ahmad al- Farāhīdī, who is simply known as Al-Khalīl (100–175H/719–791 a.d.). He was born in umān, but lived and taught in Basrah. An ascetic and creative genius, he devised many ways of looking into the Arabic language and its structure. He formulated the metrics of Arabic called the science of al-aruwd. His lexicon is the first dictionary of Arabic and it is called Kitābal-ayn. It became the model and inspiration for subsequent lexicographers, who copied, incorporated, modified, summarized, and found other ways of accounting for the lexical items of Arabic found in it.
The Fragmentation and Social Reconstruction of the Past in Toni Morrison’s Beloved

Families reunited around a holiday meal annually rediscover the fragmentation of the family history into diverse and at times conflicting memories, and they regularly set about socially reconstructing their common past, often without attending to the phenomenological underpinnings of such processes. In a similar fashion, the reader of Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved finds herself rushing forward toward the discovery of a hidden past remembered and interpreted through the diverse perspectives of its characters. With the help of phenomenological concepts, I intend to explore the factors involved in the fragmentation and social reconstruction of the past in Beloved. Finally, I will consider how fiction itself can entail a kind of social reconstruction of the past and thereby situate Beloved with reference to current discussions of allegory.
CD150high Bone Marrow Tregs Maintain Hematopoietic Stem Cell Quiescence and Immune Privilege via Adenosine.

Summary A crucial player in immune regulation, FoxP3 + regulatory T cells (Tregs) are drawing attention for their heterogeneity and noncanonical functions. Here, we describe a Treg subpopulation that controls hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence and engraftment. These Tregs highly expressed an HSC marker, CD150, and localized within the HSC niche in the bone marrow (BM). Specific reduction of BM Tregs achieved by conditional deletion of CXCR4 in Tregs increased HSC numbers in the BM. Adenosine generated via the CD39 cell surface ectoenzyme on niche Tregs protected HSCs from oxidative stress and maintained HSC quiescence. In transplantation settings, niche Tregs prevented allogeneic (allo-) HSC rejection through adenosine and facilitated allo-HSC engraftment. Furthermore, transfer of niche Tregs promoted allo-HSC engraftment to a much greater extent than transfer of other Tregs. These results identify a unique niche-associated Treg subset and adenosine as regulators of HSC quiescence, abundance, and engraftment, further highlighting their therapeutic utility.
Diatom tolerance metrics to identify total phosphorus as candidate cause of aquatic life impairment in Connecticut, USA freshwater streams

Abstract Anthropogenic phosphorus is a major driver of cultural eutrophication in rivers and streams, leading to numerous water quality impairments, including detrimental shifts in biological communities. Phosphorus has not been identified as a cause of aquatic life impairment in the State of Connecticut (CT), USA, rivers and streams. That is because phosphorus effects on aquatic life are complex, varying spatially and temporally, and often have indirect effects on biological communities typically used for water quality assessment, such as macroinvertebrates and fish. Biological tolerance metrics can be useful in identifying biological impairments due to pollutants that do not lend themselves to conventional toxicity testing, like phosphorus, by providing a measure of the sensitivity of aquatic organisms to anthropogenic disturbance over time. Diatom species tolerances to phosphorus have been derived at national and regional scales in the USA, but not specifically for CT. National scale studies often have the advantage of utilizing larger datasets to derive tolerances over a wide range of environmental conditions, however, developing tolerances specific to a region or for CT may better capture localized conditions. Our study aims to identify diatom species tolerance value metrics suited to aiding aquatic life assessments in CT. We developed diatom tolerance metrics using two different methods that combined responses of individual diatom species along the observed phosphorus gradient using data collected in CT. We then compared the existing national and regional diatom tolerance metrics to the CT tolerance metrics. Our results found the best performing metrics for use in CT aquatic life assessments were CT tolerance values derived using a generalized additive modeling approach. These metrics were CT specific, discriminated well between high and low levels of phosphorus concentrations, and had a greater response to phosphorus than alternative ecological gradients (chloride, pH, and water temperature) that also affect diatom species composition. These results show that diatom tolerance metrics for phosphorus can be effectively used in a weight of evidence approach to identify phosphorus as a cause of aquatic life impairment in CT. All source code and data for this project is freely available and open source at: https://github.com/marybecker/DiatomTPMetrics .
Timing of esophagectomy after neoadjuvant chemoradiation treatment in squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract Background Time interval between neoadjuvant (combined) chemotherapy and radiation (nCRT) and surgery has been linked to pathologic response rates and outcomes in patients with various solid cancers. The optimal timing between nCRT and esophagectomy in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), however, is not known. Our aim was to analyze the relation between elapsed time from completion of nCRT to esophagectomy and postsurgical mortality and overall survival. Methods We reviewed the National Cancer Database for patients with SCC (n = 1,244) of the esophagus diagnosed between 2003 and 2011 who were treated with nCRT followed by esophagectomy within 26 weeks after completion of nCRT. Results Thirty-day mortality was 5.6% and 90-day mortality was 11.1%. The duration of post-nCRT interval was not a predictor of 30-day and 90-day postoperative mortality in multivariate models, but 30-day postoperative mortality was predictable based on increasing Charlson-Deyo comorbidities (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.77, P = .054) and improved in academic institutions (aOR 0.66, P = .005). Similar findings were found for 90-day mortality (comorbidity index aOR 1.58, P = .046) and for treatment at an academic facility (0.82, P = .062). In a multivariate survival analysis, the duration of the post-nCRT interval was not found to be a predictor of overall survival (P = .769), whereas increasing age (hazard ratio [HR] 1.02, P = .005), increasing comorbidity score (HR 1.38, P = .005), treatment at an academic hospital (HR 0.84, P = .001), and post-treatment nodal status (HR 1.73, P Conclusion Perioperative mortality and overall survival are not affected by the time interval between completion of nCRT and esophagectomy among patients with SCC histology.
Relations and 16th century Mexican logic

Fray Alonso de la Vera Cruz y sus colegas del siglo XVI analizaban las relaciones logicas, sintacticas y semanticas, y tenian una teoria ontologica de las relaciones, pero no trabajaban con una leona general1ogica de las relaciones. Sin embargo su investigacion de algunos temas, como el de la oracion de dobles sujetos/predicados “conjuntadas complexivamente de acepcion multiple” rayaba en una concepcion general de la relacion. Ejemplo de tal oracion es “Socrates y Platon disputan”, formalizable en el lenguaje L como “|scp|[d]”. “|scp|” representa el sujeto doble y funciona como un nombre propio. EI predicado “[d]” esta cuantificado particularmente, como es normal en este tipo de oracion. Recibe un analisis normal: 1 |scp|[d] 2 |scp|d1 ∨ |scp|d2 ∨ … ∨ |scp|dn|DD. La semantica es como la de la oracion de sujeto/predicado sencillo. Si “sh1” es el disyunto verdadero del analisis de “s[h]”, “Socrates es un ser humano”, se afirma en el la identidad de “Socrates” y “este ser humano”, es decir, que “s” y “h”, se refieren a la misma cosa. Asi mismo, el disyunto verdadero de “|scp|[d]”, digamos “|scp|[d2]” afirma que “|scp|” y “d2” se refieren a la misma cosa, pero en este caso al par de Socrates y Platon. Otros ejemplos de Alonso, como “todo ser humano y todo angel es binario” muestran como pueden cuantificarse independientemente los terminos del sujeto complejo. Alonso no llego a la relacion pura no tanto porque suponia a menudo un elemento de temporalidad (“disputan a la vez”), sino porque parecio quedarse dentro del marco de los dobles sujetos y predicados. Sin embargo, cuantifico el objeto de una oracion con doble sujeto: “Socrates y Platon llevan-y-llevan una piedra” (|scp|[l][p]”). En la p. 40 se muestran unas correspondencias aproximadas entre el enfoque escolastico de la oracion y uno que podriamos encontrar hoy. [W.R.]
Epilepsy and Epileptic Syndrome

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. In most patients with epilepsy, seizures respond to available medications. However, a significant number of patients, especially in the setting of medically-intractable epilepsies, may experience different degrees of memory or cognitive impairment, behavioral abnormalities or psychiatric symptoms, which may limit their daily functioning. As a result, in many patients, epilepsy may resemble a neurodegenerative disease. Epileptic seizures and their potential impact on brain development, the progressive nature of epileptogenesis that may functionally alter brain regions involved in cognitive processing, neurodegenerative processes that relate to the underlying etiology, comorbid conditions or epigenetic factors, such as stress, medications, social factors, may all contribute to the progressive nature of epilepsy. Clinical and experimental studies have addressed the pathogenetic mechanisms underlying epileptogenesis and neurodegeneration.
Off-Resonance Rotating Frame Spin—Lattice Relaxation

The off-resonance rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation experiment represents a class of magnetic resonance techniques in which a low-power, continuous-wave radiofrequency (RF) field is applied off-resonance from a selected resonance. Application of such an irradiation field establishes nuclear spin polarization along an effective field inclined at an angle Θ away from the z axis of the rotating frame. In its original form, this approach was employed for the determination of the rotational correlation time, i.e., the rotational diffusion characteristics of a reorienting macromolecule (James et al., 1978; Schleich et al., 1989). More generally, the off-resonance rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation experiment can be thought of as a form of off-resonance saturation, in which a selected resonance is either completely or partially saturated. Viewed in these terms, the off-resonance rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation formalism, modified to include magnetization transfer phenomena, may be used to obtain chemical exchange kinetic and magnetic cross-relaxation information.
Human Centric Lighting and Semantic Drift

I’m at once intrigued and frustrated by the phrase human centric lighting. If considered from a strictly linguistic point-of-view, the phrase implies the use of light for the benefit of people. But...
Cyclometalated Gold(III) Complexes Bearing DACH Ligands

The synthesis of a novel class of cyclometalated gold(III) complexes supported by benzoylpyridine, benzylpyridine, and (1R,2R)-(+)-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (DACH) ligands, along with their crystal structures, is reported. These compounds provide a new scaffold to investigate biological properties of gold(III) complexes. The six complexes were prepared and characterized, following reactions of (C,N) cyclometalated gold(III) scaffolds, [Au(C^N)Cl2] with DACH, which yielded a new series of cyclometaled gold(III), 3-5, of the type [Au(C^NH)(DACH)2]+ and the nitrogen-substituted cyclometalated Au(III), 6-8, of the type [Au(C^N)(DACH)]2+. Antiproliferative activity of these complexes in a panel of cancer cells showed promising results with IC50 in the micromolar range and selectivity over normal epithelial cells, MRC5. Whereas 8 shows minimal interaction with superhelical DNA except at high gold concentrations of 500 μM, complex 5 does not show interaction even at 1000 μM. The complexes display significant uptake in OVCAR8 cancer cells within 200-1200 pmol/million cells with the exception of complex 4. Differential cellular uptake was observed for the complexes; for example, while 3 and 8 display significant uptake, 4 showed minimal uptake. The compounds proved to be stable under physiological conditions and were minimally affected by either glutathione or sodium ascorbate. Cell cycle studies reveal a G1 arrest induced by representative complexes. The results reveal that enhanced Au(III) stabilization promoted by combined cyclometalated and DACH ligands may offer ligand tuning insights for novel anticancer drug design.
Sympathy and the State in the Romantic Era: Systems, State Finance, and the Shadows of Futurity

Acknowledgments Abbreviations Introduction Chapter 1. Finance and the Exchange of Passions: The Origins of the Collective Imagination Chapter 2. The Violence of System: Rousseau and Smith on Identification and Sympathy Chapter 3. Anti-Slavery Poetry and the Speculative Subject Chapter 4. Systems and the Parasite: Wordsworth and the Financial Crisis of 1797 Chapter 5. The Ghost of Gold: National Debt, Imagery, and the Politics of Sympathy in P. B. Shelley Conclusion. State Finance, Systems, and Literary Criticism Endnotes Bibliography
Kinetically controlled morphology in copolymer-based hydrogels crosslinked by crystalline nanodomains determines efficacy of ice inhibition

Nature uses protein structure to manipulate the properties of water by altering its local environment, but subtle changes in these structures can dramatically influence function. Here, a simple synthetic analog is demonstrated, a statistical copolymer of hydroxyethyl acrylate and n-octadecyl acrylate (HEA–ODA) with 21.3 mol% ODA, that generates a hydrogel in water. The crystallization of the ODA, whose nanodomains act as effective crosslinks, provides a simple route to manipulate the nanostructure through zone annealing without significantly altering the swelling ratio (1.38 to 1.22) of the hydrogel. Despite the identical average composition, changes in the nanostructure induced by zone annealing leads to significant differences in the inhibition of water crystallization within the hydrogels under supercooled conditions with the unfrozen water fraction varying between nearly 18 and 99%. Decreasing the average spacing between crystalline nanodomains leads to increased efficacy of the ice inhibition. However, the morphological details appear to be important as the average number of water molecules confined in a hypothetical square lattice based on the average interdomain spacing and average ODA nanodomain size does not appear to directly scale with the antifreeze capabilities. These results demonstrate control of water crystallization at supercooled temperatures within hydrogels without fluorinated hydrophobic moieties through manipulation of the nanostructure to confine the water.
The detection limit research of H1N1 influenza virus by RT-PCR and real-time pcr

Objective:To compare the sensitivity for detection H1N1 influenza virus by RT-pcr and real-time pcr.Methods: Conserved Sequence of 235bp was transcribed in H1N1 influenza virus as positive control template,the concentration of which was ordinal diluted by 1:10 after the total numbers of copies was obtained.The two methods above were applied to continue detection with the primers and probes.Results: The detection limit of RT-pcr and real-time pcr was 80 copies/μl and 8 copies/μl respectively.Conclution: The sensitivity of real-time pcr method is 10 times higher than RT-pcr method.
Spatio-Temporal Electric Bus Charging Optimization With Transit Network Constraints

The paradigm shift in adopting electrified public transportation, enabled by long-range battery electric buses (BEBs) and associated charging infrastructure, inflict operational challenges to both power distribution and transit systems. This article takes an opportunistic look at the paradigm shift and develops a model for optimally scheduling the spatio-temporal charging flexibility of BEBs as a source of operational flexibility for power distribution systems. The proposed model co-optimizes the timing and location of BEBs’ charging in the transit system with the operation of the power distribution system, while respecting the operational constraints and requirements of both power distribution and public transit systems. In the proposed model, the BEBs transit system is mathematically modeled by a graph and the associated BEB charging stations are mapped into the power distribution nodes. The BEBs’ transit schedule constrains the spatio-temporal charging opportunities to all BEBs over the scheduling horizon. The proposed model is implemented on the IEEE 33-bus power distribution system coupled with the transit system of Park City, UT, USA, with BEB routes. The numerical results showcase the economic and operational benefits of the proposed model for the power distribution system operator and transit system operator.
Designing a Respiratory-Rate Monitor for Developing Countries

The health-care systems in developing countries struggle due to lack of proper resources, insufficient staff, and inadequate training. This means thousands of people are without adequate treatment and can be improperly diagnosed. Vital signs are fundamental tools that doctors use for diagnosis, so it is necessary to have equipment that can monitor them over time.
Gene Patenting - Is the Pendulum Swinging Back?

This article describes the litigation over Myriad Genetics' patents on DNA sequences and genetic tests related to detection of breast cancer, which culminated in March 2010 with a federal district court decision that the companies' claims covered unpatentable subject matter. Possible implications of this unexpected ruling for biotechnology research and development are reviewed.
Performance rating of the larger PV cell for solar and indoor lighting measurement

The use of special high-efficiency solar cell, such as perovskite, HJT, is due to the individual measurement. After the development, the efficiency is difficult due to hysteresis effect. In order to effectively reduce the cost of solar cell systems and improve power generation efficiency based on traditional silicon solar technology, the development and mass production of large-size solar cells has also become the main axis of the international trend in recent years. However, as the size of solar cells increases and the diversification of solar cell designs increases, measurement problems also arise. Therefore, in this study, we look the measurement topics include how to develop the lighting simulator for Class 3A. And how to accurately calibrate the cell efficiency measurement technology of large-size solar cell.
The effects of muscle fatigue on scapulothoracic joint position sense and neuromuscular performance.

Abstract Background Fatigue of the scapular musculature might affect the sensorimotor system and neuromuscular control and therefore impair the dynamic alignment of the scapula. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of scapular muscle fatigue on joint position sense and the neuromuscular performance of the scapulothoracic joint. Methods Thirty healthy subjects were recruited. The joint position sense (measured as reposition errors during the scapular elevation and protraction task) of the scapulothoracic joint and scapular kinematics and muscle activation (% of maximum voluntary isometric contraction) during scaption, shoulder elevation in the scapular plane, before and after the fatigue task (modified push-up) were measured. The repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the effects of fatigue on scapular reposition error and neuromuscular control. Results Although joint reposition sense did not change after fatigue, muscle activation of the serratus anterior increased significantly (18.5%–26.3%, p = 0.006, elevation task; 15.2%–27.4%, p = 0.037, protraction task). At 120° scaption, the scapula showed a decreased posterior tilt (13.8°–10.3°, p Conclusion Scapular muscle fatigue did not alter the scapulothoracic joint position sense, but increased serratus anterior activation and resulted in a more anteriorly tilted, protracted, and laterally rotated scapula during scaption. Whether or not these fatigue-related changes are linked to the development of shoulder problems needs to be investigated further.
Near-Surface Composition, Structure, and Energetics of TiO2 Thin Films: Characterization of Stress-Induced Defect States in Oxides Prepared via Chemical Vapor Deposition versus Solution Deposition from Sol–Gel Precursors

We present here a comprehensive comparison of near-surface composition, structure, and energetics of compact ultrathin TiO2 thin films deposited by two approaches: (i) chemical vapor deposition (CV...
SU-E-J-54: A Framework of Physical-Law-Based Respiratory-Perturbation Modeling for Motion Prediction.

Purpose A physics-law-based respiratory motion model should be more resilient to breathing irregularities. We assess the accuracy of a physical respiratory motion-perturbation (RMP) model, which is derived with physical relationships, patient-specific anatomy, and measureable breathing parameters. Methods The analytical RMP model was developed under the assumption that chest raise (Δthorax) contributes primarily to the anterior-posterior motion of the lung while belly motion (Δabdomen) caused by diaphragmatic motion contributes to superior-inferior motion. All model parameters were determined from patient-specific anatomy. This RMP model aims to use the base motion trajectory from simulation 4DCT and motion perturbations due to breathing irregularities at treatment from optical surface imaging (OSI) to calculate the tidal volume (TV=Δtorso) and breathing pattern (BPv=Δthorax/Δtorso). To test the prediction accuracy, two sets of 4DCT from eleven patients were used to predict lung motion from one set to the other. An in-house ITK-based C/C++ program was developed and used to automatically identify 20 bifurcation points per patient, calculate their motion trajectories, and sets their correspondence between the two 4DCT with visual verification. The base motion from one 4DCT and perturbations (ΔTV and ΔBP) from the other 4DCT (mimicking OSI) were used for prediction and the accuracy was assessed by comparing the predicted with the actual motion trajectory: A comparison was made using an established 5D model that was trained with one 4DCT to predict the other. The motion difference between the two 4DCT was used as a control. Results The RMP model prediction provides the prediction accuracy of −0.1±1.9mm, improved from the control of 0±3mm. The RMP produces similar results to the 5D model, but does not require model training. The motion variations range is 0–15mm. This work is in part supported by NIH (U54CA137788 and U54CA132378).
Chromatin modifications on the inactive X chromosome.

In female mammals, one X chromosome is transcriptionally silenced to achieve dosage compensation between XX females and XY males. This process, known as X-inactivation, occurs early in development, such that one X chromosome is silenced in every cell. Once X-inactivation has occurred, the inactive X chromosome is marked by a unique set of epigenetic features that distinguishes it from the active X chromosome and autosomes. These modifications appear sequentially during the transition from a transcriptionally active to an inactive state and, once established, act redundantly to maintain transcriptional silencing. In this review,we survey the unique epigenetic features that characterize the inactive X chromosome, describe the mechanisms by which these marks are established and maintained, and discuss how each contributes to silencing the inactive X chromosome.
Dynamics of Microbial Cell Populations

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the unstructured models of microbial cell population, distributed structured models, segregated structured models, and growth of single microbial cells. It offers quantitative analyses of some simpler biological phenomena and suggests experimental work that may profitably be carried out. The chapter provides a summary of attempts of applying engineering analysis for elucidating growth and replication phenomena in very simple systems: cultures of unicellular organisms reproducing by binary fission. The study of biological systems so as to apply the knowledge gained to nonbiological systems is familiar to electrical engineers. State in an unstructured model can only refer to population density or to concentration of protoplasm, because, by definition, a model is unstructured if only one state variable appears. The basic supposition in distributed models is that protoplasm is composed of two structural components, whose interaction with each other and with the surrounding medium produces growth. The gross metabolic rates of the culture represent averages over the distribution of cell structures. One of the principal problems is then to establish the factors, which determine the distribution.
Focus on Technology: Enhancing Instruction and Communication with Twitter.

The growth of Twitter and similar sites has influenced many institutions. Many employers, for example, currently value digital literacy and look to hire employees who are skilled in social media. S...
Multivariate correlates of extinction proneness in a naturally fragmented landscape

Habitat loss and fragmentation threaten a large proportion of terrestrial biodiversity, and identifying the ecological traits associated with extinction proneness is of widespread interest. We used a multivariate statistical approach to identify combinations of ecological traits that best allowed us to identify extinction-prone amphibians and reptiles in a fragmented landscape in north-eastern Bolivia. Extinction-prone amphibians were rare and did not utilize the savannah matrix separating forest islands, whereas extinction-prone reptiles were trophically specialized. Rarity and matrix aversion are among the most widely reported correlates to extinction proneness, and we argue that an increased understanding of their role as drivers of extinction processes is necessary. We suggest that the absence of reptilian vertebrate predators may exacerbate trophic cascades in habitat patches.
Social Justice and Social Work

(2001). Social Justice and Social Work. Journal of Social Work Education: Vol. 37, No. 3, pp. 433-439.
Protein-bound iodine and T4 tests after vaginal application of povidone-iodine.

Abstract Serum PBI and T4 determinations were done on ten patients before and one day, one week, and one month after the use of povidone-iodine ∗ ∗Betadine, Purdue-Frederick Company, Yonkers, New York. as a vaginal preoperative preparation. A significant rise was found at one day in the PBI but no significant change was found for the most part at one week and one month. The T4 levels were not significantly altered the first week after the use of Betadine.
Effect of buffer systems and pHi on the measurement of [Ca2+]i with fura 2.

The fluorescent probe, fura 2, is widely used to measure agonist-induced changes in intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) in cultured cells. However, in many instances, the results obtained in the same cell type have differed from one study to the next. The possibility that such differences might be due to experimental conditions was examined by using fura 2 in four different cell types responding to appropriate agonists when the cells were incubated in either CO2/HCO3-- or HEPES-buffered media. Examined were: 1) the response of rat glomerular mesangial cells to arginine vasopressin, 2) the response of vascular smooth muscle cells to angiotensin II, 3) the response of adrenal glomerulosa cells to angiotensin II, and 4) the response of hypothalamic cells to insulin-like growth factor-1. In each cell type there was a significant difference in the pattern of agonist-induced change in [Ca2+]i when HEPES vs. CO2/HCO3- was used as the buffer system: in HEPES buffer, agonist addition led to a transient r...