cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Aggregation of β-1,4-galactosyltransferase on mouse sperm induces the acrosome reaction

beta-1,4-Galactosyltransferase (GalTase) is present on the surface of mouse sperm, where it functions during fertilization by binding to oligosaccharide residues in the egg zona pellucida. The specific oligosaccharide substrates for sperm GalTase reside on the glycoprotein ZP3, which possesses both sperm-binding and acrosome reaction-inducing activity. A variety of reagents that perturb sperm GalTase activity inhibit sperm binding to the zona pellucida, including UDP-galactose, N-acetylglucosamine, alpha-lactalbumin, and anti-GalTase Fab fragments. However, none of these reagents are able to cross-link GalTase within the membrane nor are they able to induce the acrosome reaction. On the other hand, intact anti-GalTase IgG blocks sperm-zona binding as well as induces the acrosome reaction. Anti-GalTase IgG induces the acrosome reaction by aggregating GalTase on the sperm plasma membrane, as shown by the inability of anti-Gal-Tase Fab fragments to induce the acrosome reaction unless cross-linked with goat anti-rabbit IgG. These data suggest that zona pellucida oligosaccharides induce the acrosome reaction by clustering GalTase on the sperm surface.
It's a Wonderful Life: Reflections on Wittgenstein's Last Words

On his deathbed, Wittgenstein is reported to have said, upon hearing that his friends were coming for a visit, “Tell them I've had a wonderful life.” Malcolm found this puzzling, given that Wittgenstein seemed to be fiercely unhappy. I find my way into these words against the backdrop of the Hollywood film It's a Wonderful Life and Wittgenstein's famous remark, to wit, “Man has to awaken to wonder . . . Science is a way of sending him to sleep again.” Along the way I discuss Plato's praise of wonder, Nietzsche's attack on science, and Kierkegaard's remark about finding the sublime in the pedestrian. I conclude that Wittgenstein did have a wonderful life insofar as he was fully awake to wonder, what I call the wonder of our words.
Structure and dynamics of Ti–Al–H compounds in Ti-doped NaAlH4

Structure and stability of pristine and modified NaAlH4 are first investigated using density functional theory (DFT) with plane-wave basis and PW91 functional. Vacancy and Ti-dopant effects in the sodium alanate bulk, (0 0 1) surface, and on-top (0 0 1) surface are then studied considering Na and interstitial lattice sites. Calculated substitution energies of Ti-doped (0 0 1) NaAlH4 surfaces have shown almost equal probability of substitution at both lattice and interstitial sites. Ti–Al–H complexes are formed depending on the accessible AlH4 groups around the Ti dopant. TiAl2H7 and TiAl2H2 complexes are found after geometry optimising doped-NaAlH4 surface models. Their stability and dynamics over time at 423 and 448 K are investigated using periodic density functional molecular dynamics (DFT-MD) simulations. Results have shown increased association of Al and H with the complexes as time evolves. DFT-MD simulations show evolution from TiAl2H7 to TiAl5H7 as time and temperature increase in case of Ti dopan...
Effect of Corrosion Processes on Subcritical Crack Growth in Glass

Crack-growth studies were conducted on soda-lime-silica, soda borosilicate, and two binary soda-silica glasses immersed in solutions of 1M Li+, 1M Cs+, or deionized water at different pH values. A definite effect of the Li+ and Cs+ was observed on the V-K1 curves in all but the soda-lime glass. A plateau in crack velocity in the range 10-8 to 10-10 m/s was measured on the binary soda-silica glasses for K1<0.35 MPa.m1/2. These data are analyzed in terms of both the ion exchange and SiO2 dissolution steps of the corrosion process. A model of crack growth in corrosive conditions is proposed.
Purification and initial characterization of proacrosins from guinea pig testes and epididymal spermatozoa

Previous studies showed that interspecies differences in proacrosin size may exist. We purified guinea pig proacrosins, one from testes and two from epididymal spermatozoa, by gel filtration and cation exchange at acidic pH. Final purification was by cation exchange at pH 8.0 in 6 M urea. Testis proacrosin migrated with 62,000 Mr in sodium dodecyl sulfate-p olyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PA GE). One sperm proacrosin migrated with 43,000 Mr. and the other as a 56,000/54,000 Mr doublet in SDS-PAGE. These results represent the first purification of three forms of proacrosin from one species, and the first purification to homogeneity of a 43,000 Mr proacrosin. The proacrosins autoactivate at pH 8.0 with similar kinetics, copurify until the last purification step, and share antigenic determinants. It is possible that the sperm proacrosins are derived from the testis proacrosin, perhaps by proteolysis. The sizes of the three guinea pig proacrosins reported in this study are similar to those reported for proacrosins from other species. Apparent interspecies differences in proacrosin size may be primarily a question of which of at least three possible forms of the zymogen predominates in a species.
An implantable transducer for two-degree-of-freedom joint angle sensing

An implantable joint angle transducer (IJAT) was developed to provide command-control and feedback-control information for chronic use with functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) neuroprostheses. The IJAT uses Hall effect sensors to transduce joint angle. A titanium encapsulated array of Hall effect sensors and support circuitry is surgically implanted in one bone, and a similarly encapsulated permanent magnet in an opposing bone, across a joint. The IJAT provides consistent, reliable, high quality signals that reflect joint movement from midsized two-degree-of-freedom joints. IJATs were implanted using a chronic in vivo dog model to demonstrate the feasibility of implantation and periodic measurement techniques, and to validate modeling techniques used for prediction of function and calibration. The flexion resolution ranged from 0.4 to 3.0/spl deg/ over a range of 115/spl deg/. The maximum deviation from a linear response was 9/spl deg/. The resolution and linearity depend on several transducer and joint geometry parameters, and can be predicted prior to implantation and calibrated after implantation. The results of this study (1) defined the most appropriate hermetic capsule designs for the IJAT sensor and magnet, (2) defined the best orientation of the magnetic field to optimize device function, (3) provided a computer model of the IJAT to aid in placement, calibration, and evaluation of the device, (4) verified the surgical techniques used to implant the device, and (5) verified the long-term functionality and the biocompatibility of the device.
Essential ecological insights for marine ecosystem-based management and marine spatial planning

Abstract The abrupt decline in the sea's capacity to provide crucial ecosystem services requires a new ecosystem-based approach for maintaining and recovering biodiversity and integrity. Ecosystems are places, so marine spatial planners and managers must understand the heterogeneity of biological communities and their key components (especially apex predators and structure-forming species), and of key processes (e.g., population connectivity, interaction webs, biogeochemistry) that maintain them, as well as heterogeneity of human uses. Maintaining resistance and resilience to stressors is crucial. Because marine populations and ecosystems exhibit complex system behaviors, managers cannot safely assume they will recover when stressors are reduced, so prevention is a far more robust management strategy than seeking a cure for degraded systems.
Impact of Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy on Local Control in Primary Soft-Tissue Sarcoma of the Extremity

Purpose One of the concerns about intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is that its tight dose distribution, an advantage in reducing RT morbidity to surrounding normal structures, might compromise tumor coverage. The purpose of this study is to determine if such concern is warranted in soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) of the extremity. Methods Between 02/02 and 05/05, 41 adult patients with primary STS of the extremity were treated with limb-sparing surgery and adjuvant IMRT. The margins were positive/within 1 mm in 21. Tumor size was more than 10 cm in 68% of patients and grade was high in 83%. Preoperative IMRT was given to 7 patients (50 Gy) and postoperative IMRT (median dose, 63 Gy) was given to 34 patients. Complete gross resection including periosteal stripping/bone resection was required in 11, and neurolysis/nerve resection in 24. Results With a median follow-up time of 35 months, two (4.8%) of 41 patients developed local recurrence. The 5-year actuarial local control rate was 94% (95% CI, 86% t...
MOSFET thermal noise modeling for analog integrated circuits

The effects of device geometry, oxide thickness, and bias condition on the thermal noise of MOSFET's are investigated. The experimental results show that the conventional MOSFET thermal noise models do not accurately predict the thermal noise of MOSFET's. A model that is capable of predicting the thermal noise of both long and short channel devices in both the triode and saturation regions is presented. This model, which can be easily implemented into existing circuit simulators such as SPICE, has been verified by a wide variety of measurements. >
Type II Collagen Is a Major Component of Bovine Retinal Microvessel Extracellular Matrix

Objective: To determine which interstitial collagen types may be present in bovine retinal microvessel extracellular matrix (ECM).Methods: Dissociated bovine microvessels were treated with detergents and the resultant purified ECM monitored by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Pepsin-extracted soluble ECM collagens were identified by Western blots. Collagens were further purified by neutral salt precipitation and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) chromatography before cyanogen bromide (CNBr) peptide mapping and two-dimensional peptide mapping of CMC-generated fractions. Interstitial collagens were localized by immunofluorescence on frozen sections.Results: Transmission electron microscopy of detergent-purified microvessel ECM demonstrated numerous 10–50-nm collagen fibrils associated with basal laminae regardless of vessel diameter. Western blots showed that soluble ECM collagens were strongly positive for type II, moderate for type III, and weak for type I. CNBr peptide maps and two-dimensional maps of...
Experiencing the loss of mobility: perspectives of older adults with MS

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to develop an understanding the experience and meaning of mobility loss among older adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). This work is part of a larger study on the health concerns and service needs of older adults with MS. Methods : Twenty-seven people with MS (mean age = 62 years, range = 55 - 82) were interviewed using a phenomenological approach. Results : Thematic analysis found that three factors contributed to participants' experience of mobility as a person with MS: reality of having MS, mobility needs, and contextual factors. Participants discussed how the reality of MS meant variability in their ability to get around and the importance of trying to remain in control over their mobility experiences. The experience of mobility lead participants to mourn losses, take action, and contemplate their futures. They expressed concerns about the continual declines in their mobility, losing independence, becoming a burden on caregivers, and the potential for having to...
Thermodynamic Analysis of Chloroaluminate Concentration Cells

Abstract Equations are given for emf of concentration cells with chloroaluminate melts. The usual assumption that t M = 1 may lead to doubtful interpretations, especially for melts with large organic cations.
Occurrence of Epstein-Barr Virus Illness in Children Diagnosed with Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis

Epstein-Barr virus mononucleosis and group A streptococcal pharyngitis are acute infectious processes similar in both their clinical manifestations. Coinfections may occur and be a direct result of a synergistic effect on inflamed pharyngeal and tonsillar tissue. It was our observation that a population of children diagnosed with group A streptococcal pharyngitis and not responding to appropriate antimicrobial therapy had Epstein-Barr virus illness.
Total kinetic energy release in the fast-neutron-induced fission of Np 237

The total kinetic energy (TKE) release in the fast neutron-induced fission of $^{237}\mathrm{Np}$ was measured for neutron energies from ${E}_{n}=2.6--100\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$ at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center at the Weapons Neutron Research facility. The post-TKE release decreases nonlinearly with increasing incident neutron energy and can be represented as $\mathrm{TKE}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}(\mathrm{MeV})=(174.38\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.72)--(5.11\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.5821){\mathrm{log}}_{10}{E}_{n}$ for ${E}_{n}g1\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{MeV}$. Analysis of the fragment mass distributions indicates that the decrease in TKE with increasing ${E}_{n}$ is a consequence of the fading out of shell effects at high excitation energies (resulting in an increase of symmetric fission) and the decrease of the total kinetic energy associated with asymmetric fission with increasing ${E}_{n}$.
Linkage and association between serotonin 2A receptor gene polymorphisms and bipolar I disorder.

Several inconsistent associations between bipolar I disorder (BD1) and polymorphisms of the genes encoding the serotonin 2A receptor (HTR2A) have been published. We conducted the Transmission Disequilibrium Test (TDT) and case-control comparisons involving nine single nucleotide polymorphisms at the serotonin 2A receptor gene (four SNPs of HTR2A exons and five flanking SNPs). Comparison of BD1 cases (n = 93) with a group of unrelated population based controls (n = 92) revealed associations with SNPs on exons 2 and 3 (516C/T and 1354C/T, respectively), consistent with haplotype-based differences. Analysis of the cases and their available parents using the TDT suggested significant linkage and associations with 1354C/T, as well as haplotypes bearing this SNP. Our results support an etiological role for HTR2A in BD1. In view of the relatively small sample, replicate studies using large samples are needed. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The New Procedures for the Earned Income Tax Credit

The IRS plans to institute major changes in procedures for applying for the earned income tax credit. The new procedures, intended to reduce overpayments, will significantly increase filing and documentation burdens for the filers subject to the procedures. The IRS's current plans call for applying the procedures to 45,000 filers for tax year 2003, two million filers for tax year 2004, and larger numbers of filers in subsequent years. All EITC filers other than married parents and single female parents who claim their children ultimately would be subject to the new requirements; thus, all low-income working grandparents, aunts, and uncles raising their grandchildren, nieces, and nephews would have to satisfy the requirements to receive the EITC. This analysis examines the procedures and concludes that, if not modified, they risk causing substantial reductions in participation by eligible filers. A key problem is that some documents that the IRS would require filers who are subject to these procedures to produce are likely not to be available to many filers. This analysis makes recommendations for improvements and calls for application of the procedures to 45,000 filers in the coming year to be treated as a pilot test, with the IRS deferring plans to extend the procedures to several million filers until evaluation results show the procedures reduce overpayments and do so without deterring significant numbers of eligible filers.
The transformative vision: Public witness and the poiesis of Christian social transformation

With reference to social science research and the work of David Bosch and Max Stackhouse, this article argues that the energy for Christian communities to act in socially transformative ways is str...
Inhibition of histone deacetylase 6 activity reduces cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease

Abnormal proliferation of cyst-lining epithelium and increased intracystic fluid secretion via the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) are thought to contribute to cyst growth in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) expression and activity are increased in certain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases, and in Pkd1 -mutant renal epithelial cells. Inhibition of HDAC6 activity with specific inhibitors slows cancer growth. Here we studied the effect of tubacin, a specific HDAC6 inhibitor, on cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. Treatment with tubacin prevented cyst formation in MDCK cells, an in vitro model of cystogenesis. Cyclic AMP stimulates cell proliferation and activates intracystic CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in ADPKD. Treatment with tubacin downregulated cyclic AMP levels, inhibited cell proliferation, and inhibited cyclic AMP-activated CFTR chloride currents in MDCK cells. We also found that tubacin reduced cyst growth by inhibiting proliferation of cyst-lining epithelial cells, downregulated cyclic AMP levels, and improved renal function in a Pkd1 -conditional mouse model of ADPKD. Thus, HDAC6 could play a role in cyst formation and could serve as a potential therapeutic target in ADPKD.
Evaluation of the Density of Pheromone Sources of ( Z , Z 96: E , Z 4) 3,13-Octadecadien-1-ol Acetate for Disruption of the Mating Communication of Synanthedon exitiosa Moths

The pheromone 3,13-Octadecadien-1-ol acetate (principally the Z , Z isomer), even at low density of sources, reduced captures of males and mating activity of Synanthedon exitiosa (Say) moths in a test of disruption of mating communication. Data from 2 methods of evaluation, (1) male trapping and (2) virgin female mating observations, were parallel and confirmed the effectiveness of disruption.
Description and drumming of Susulus, a new genus of stonefly (Plecoptera: Perlodidae) from California

Isogenus (Chernokrilus) venustus Jewett is removed from Chernokrilus and placed in the new monotypic genus Susulus based on the study of adults, nymphs, eggs, and drumming signals. Male Susulus have an epiproct with frontal and caudal sclerites extending to a slightly inflated apex that is covered with scalelike setae, have pointed lateral stylets shorter than the epiproct, and lack a distinct sternal lobe on abdominal segment 7. Susulus nymphs are unique among perlodine genera because they have the combination of longitudinally banded abdominal terga, long submental gills, and no dorsal fringe of cercal hairs. Nymphal laciniae have the subapical tooth located far forward, have stout, peglike setae on a knob below the subapical tooth, but lack marginal and submarginal rows of setae. The oval eggs have a triangular cross section and an anteriorly projecting collar. The predominant male drumming call consists of 1-3 groups of bi-beats, and its pattern and time intervals are unique among the presently known drumming behavior of Perlodidae. Adults and nymphs will reach Hydroperla in existing keys but differ from this genus in the male epiproct and nymphal morphology. Susulus is placed within the Perlodini because males lack a distinct sternal lobe on abdominal segment 7; nymphal laciniae have an anteriorly located subapical tooth, below which is a low knob with a setal tuft; and the oval eggs are triangular in cross section and have an anteriorly projecting collar.
Record on Three Cases of Severe Infection Ancylostoma duodenale,Trichostrongylus orientalis and Strongyloides stercoralis

It was reported the general survey of the epidemiology of three sufferers severely infection with Ancylostoma duodenale,Trichostrongylus orientalis and Strongyloides stercoralis,respectively.Kato-Katz method or fecal test-tube culture on filter paper were be used in detection.Eggs per gram(EPG) is 3 744,3 016,4 139.Among these results,the patient infected with hookworms was misdiagnosed by other hospitals,the other two patients infected with T.Orientali and S.Stercoralis,respectively,were found to be new cases to Southwest Fujian province.Morphology of their eggs and larvae were also observed.The eggs were floated by saturated NaCl solution and the larvae were incubated on the "T" filter paper.The distinguishable morphological characters of infection stage were described.
Racializing undocumented immigrants in the age of color-blindness: Millennials’ views from Kentucky

This study examines millennials’ views of Latino immigrants in Kentucky, a new settlement state in the US South. I suggest that whereas eighteen- to twenty-year-old students in a university setting condemn the institutional and generational racism they identify in their communities, and perceive their racial and immigration attitudes as more open and tolerant than those of previous generations, discussions about immigration reveal fissures in ideas and practices that aspire to be inclusive, open and tolerant. Examining the disconnect between professed ideas and expressed beliefs underscores that current formulations of color-blindness are neither a clean break from past racism nor fully capable of tolerating contemporary differences. I point to the racialization processes at work in the common sense connection between “illegal” and “Latino” to reveal the limits of belonging within this color-blind world. In this context, race matters and racism against Latinos is the norm rather than the exception for past and current generations.
The periorbital dissection in rhytidectomy. How deep

In the classic rhytidectomy procedure, upward and lateral progress of the skin is hindered by strong fascial attachments of the SMAS to the zygoma. To counteract these tethers, surgeons can go below them in a subperiosteal dissection or above them by dissecting subcutaneously. The author believes a superficial approach to the periorbital area is safer and simpler than a subperiosteal dissection and permits a similar amount of skin advancement.
Developing the Global Information Infrastructure

The telecommunications industry is participating in a major dialogue that has been launched by the Clinton administration's program for a National Information Infrastructure (NII) and its concept of a Global Information Infrastructure (GII). A GII is the logical next step in the development of the NII since U.S. consumers are international consumers, and our economy is inextricably linked to the economies of virtually every other country.
Rational Synthesis of Hyperbranched Poly(ester)s

Hyperbranched poly(ester)s have a variety of unique properties as a result of their abundance of end groups which make them useful in a range of applications. The synthesis of hyperbranched polymers has generally been carried out using empirically derived procedures to avoid gelation. However, such synthetic strategies lead to materials with unpredictable molecular weight and properties. It has now been demonstrated that modeling may be utilized to direct the synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ester)s from a variety of monomers to form well-defined structures and terminal-group functionality while avoiding gelation. In particular, Macosko–Miller modeling permits the synthesis of hyperbranched poly(ester)s of specific molecular weights and end-group functionality even for multifunctional monomers for which functional groups are not equally reactive.
Abiotic/Biological Interactions in Coastal Marine Communities: Insights from an Alaskan Fjord

Interactions among multi-scale coastal marine ecosystem processes can be expected to play large roles in and interact with biological processes as stresses increase, potentially allowing interfering processes (including biological interactions) to become more prevalent. Retrospective analyses of intertidal (1988–1992) and subtidal (1971–2012) species compositions from a long-term ecological research program in Port Valdez, Alaska evaluated associations between benthic community structure and physical conditions to better understand interactions between regional to local processes on flora and fauna. Low salinity, habitat structure (varying from mudflats to rocky shores over a distance of <18 km), and suspended sediments contributed to intertidal community structure via elimination of predators from low-salinity prey refugia. Subtidal communities demonstrate adjustments by macrofauna to sedimentation with smaller, disturbance-tolerant fauna towards the head of the fjord as well as effects from depth-related covariates. Shared ecological processes result in comparable community trends in subtidal and intertidal habitats among subarctic and arctic fjords and similarly among coastal environments of the North Pacific. Control exerted by interactions among climatic, oceanographic, and local processes interacting with biota contributes to the direction and length of recovery from disturbance events and environmental changes. Feedbacks, mediation of recovery by additional processes, and strengths of interactions also play important roles in determining interaction outcomes. Interactions among local, regional, and global-scale processes may become critical sources of change as global ecosystem transitions through new climate states.
“Social-releaser mechanisms” in birds — A controlled replication of Tinbergen’s study

Tinbergen reported a study which found that young gallinaceous birds, ducks, and geese reacted in a frightened manner to a silhouette when it moved in the “hawk” direction, but showed no escape responses when the silhouette was moved in the “goose” direction. In order to replicate this study, chickens, ducks, and pheasants were presented with the same type of silhouette used by Tinbergen. A total of 1178 trials were run with the three species of birds. The silhouette was presented in a sailing manner (moving horizontally over the birds), and in a swooping manner. The silhouette was presented alternately in one direction then the other. The results do not support the data reported in Tinbergen’s study. There was no difference in the number of escape responses to the silhouette when it moved in the two directions.
Complications Associated With Mortality in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database.

BACKGROUND:Attributing causes of postoperative mortality is challenging, as death may be multifactorial. A better understanding of complications that occur in patients who die is important, as it allows clinicians to focus on the most impactful complications. We sought to determine the postoperative
Rectangular waveguide resonator for gas permittivity measurement at X-band

This paper presents an original sensor that can measure the relative dielectric constant of gases, or, if the permittivity of the gas is known, the sensor can measure the pressure of a chamber filled with the gas. The sensor is demonstrated to operate through 460 °C and 90 atm (1322 psi) to allow gas property measurements throughout a range of harsh environments. The sensor is demonstrated with permittivity measurements of N2 across the X-Band as a function of gas density at 25 °C and of Venus atmosphere gases at 460 °C.
Curricular Materials for Young People Who Struggle with Learning to Read: The Case of Roadrunner Reader Inquiry Kits

In this chapter, we review research on children’s motivation to read and its relations to children’s reading comprehension. Researchers have provided evidence that motivation is strongly associated with reading outcomes such as comprehension and their ability to use effective reading strategies. As such, the consideration of motivation with students who struggle with learning to read becomes particularly important. In this chapter, we will discuss an instructional approach focused on inquiry to address the needs of those children. Dubbed “inquiry kits,” these curricular materials provide teachers instructional spaces to engage students. Informed by self-determination theory, the kits were developed to meet the students’ basic needs related to autonomy, competence, and relatedness. We begin the chapter by explaining the theories that support our work; we describe the process we used in the development of the kits. This development process involved the consideration of an instructional model that was oriented around a “big idea” (topic) connected to a message of social justice. We conclude the chapter with examples of the ways in which these kits have been used to support the instruction of students who struggle with learning to read.
Plasma markers of procoagulant activity among individuals with coronary artery disease

Background: There is compelling evidence that coronary atherosclerosis represents a chronic active process characterized by inflammation, impaired flbrinolysis, intermittent plaque rupture, and luminal thrombosis. Identifying readily measurable plasma markers of procoagulant activity may have an important role in both tracking and understanding the natural history, as well as in defining the ideal treatment, of patients with coronary artery disease.Methods/Results: A total of 30 men and women with suspected coronary artery disease who underwent outpatient cardiac catheterization were sampled for evidence of thrombin generation and fibrin formation in plasma. Compared with healthy controls, patients had significantly increased concentrations of fibrinopeptide A (18.8±10.8 ng/ml vs. 2.5±2.3, p<0.001), thrombin-antithrombin complexes (8.13±4.56 ng/ml vs. 3.4±3.0, p<0.001), and prothrombin activation fragment 1.2 (0.15±0.09 ng/ml vs. 0.12±0.19, p=0.01). There was a statistically insignificant trend toward increased thrombinantithrombin complex concentrations in patients with hypercholesterolemia (p=0.10). Patients with angiographically defined coronary artery disease involving two or more vessels were found to have heightened thrombin generation and fibrin formation compared with those with single vessel disease.Conclusions: Patients with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease exhibit evidence of heightened procoagulant activity, including thrombin generation and fibrin formation. This observation, coupled with those derived from other recent studies, support the hypothesis that coronary atherosclerosis represents a chronic active process typified by vessel wall inflammation and recurrent thrombosis. Future efforts in disease prevention and treatment must consider these fundamental pathobiologic properties.
The Dissociation of the Extracellular Hemoglobin of Lumbricus Terrestris: A Model of Its Subunit Structure

The invertebrate extracellular hemoglobins can be divided into four distinct groups based on their subunit structure (1). One of these groups is comprised of the annelid extracellular hemoglobins and chlorocruorins. These 60S molecules possess a characteristic appearance of a two-tiered hexagonal array of twelve pentagonallyshaped subunits (2) and, unlike the preponderant majority of all other hemoglobins and myoglobins, have a low iron content of 0.24 ± 0.03% (3–5). The hemoglobin of Lumbricus terrestris, the common earthworm, is the best studied of the annelid hemoglobins: it has a molecular mass of 3.9 × 106, a diameter of 30nm, a height of 20nm and an iron content of 0.22% (4–6). SDS PAGE of its reduced form shows that it consists of at least six polypeptide chains: I through IV (Mr 16–19 kDa) and V (Mr 31kDa) and VI (Mr 37kDa) (7). SDS PAGE of the unreduced hemoglobin shows that it consists of four subunits: M (chain I), D1 (chain V), D2 (chain VI) and subunit T, a disulfide-bonded trimer of chains II, III and IV (4–7). Figure 1 shows the relationship between the two sets of subunits.
Popper's Thesis of the Unity of Scientific Method: Method Versus Techniques

Recently some philosophers have claimed that Popper's conception of the unity of method in science presents some serious problems. According to these philosophers, there is a clear divergence in his defense for the unity of scientific methodology and his thesis that the method of situational analysis or the logic of the situation constitutes "the proper method of the social sciences". I will show that these criticisms can be met by using certain distinctions that have been fashioned in contemporary philosophy of science, among others, the distinction between scientific method and scientific techniques and also between the context of discovery and the context of validation.
Asian needle ant (Brachyponera chinensis) and woodland ant responses to repeated applications of fuel reduction methods.

Ants (Formicidae: Hymenoptera) are important components of forest ecosystems and can be affected by fuel reduction forest management practices. We assessed the impact of repeated applications of fuel reduction treatments on abundance and diversity of ants within upland mixed‐hardwood forests in the Southern Appalachian Mountains in North Carolina, USA. We established three replicate blocks (~56 ha each) and split each block into four fuel reduction treatments, which included prescribed burning (B), mechanical felling (M), a combination of prescribed burning and mechanical felling (MB), and a control (C; i.e., no treatment). We implemented treatments multiple times (two mechanical thinnings and four prescribed burns) over the course of a 15‐yr period. Due to tree mortality and resultant canopy gaps from high‐severity burns, forest structure was dramatically altered in MB. Over a 3‐yr period (2014–2016), we captured 54,219 ants comprised of 23 genera using pitfall and colored pan traps. Prenolepis imparis was the most common ant species collected, and it was significantly lower in abundance in MB than all other treatments. However, the non‐native species Brachyponera chinensis was more abundant in MB than all other treatments. Thus, some fuel reduction treatments may have consequences for invasive ant colonization in forests. Most ant taxa did not differ in abundance among treatments, suggesting that some fuel reduction practices may affect some, but not all ant species. Our results indicate that some fuel reduction treatments can alter forest ant communities, thus contributing to changing forest ecosystem dynamics. Monitoring of ants and other bioindicators after repeated rounds of fuel reduction treatments could provide useful knowledge that can be used to help balance forest management and biological diversity.
Making memories: an example of the scholarship of teaching and learning in hospitality and tourism education

This scholarship of teaching and learning study explored students’ views of their most positive, memorable learning experiences in hospitality and tourism education. A sample of 168 undergraduate hospitality management students in the United States described the positive course experiences, teaching methods, and educational activities that they believed were most memorable. The results indicate that hands-on learning experiences, authentic projects, connections with others, and selected instructor behaviors are most memorable. Implications for teaching and future research, based on the findings, are provided, as are suggestions for the use of stories and storytelling to enhance opportunities for memorable learning experiences.
Thoracic Oncology Multidisciplinary Clinic Reduces Unnecessary Health Care Expenditure Used in the Workup of Patients With Non-small-cell Lung Cancer

Abstract Background National costs of lung cancer care exceed $12 billion. We investigate the resource-savings benefit of a single-day thoracic oncology multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) in the diagnostic period prior to non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Materials and Methods From July 2007 to January 2015, patients with NSCLC treated with multimodality therapy at a tertiary hospital-based cancer center in Maryland were identified. Patient and treatment details were collected. Health care resources utilized in the 90 days prior to receipt of first oncologic treatment were identified using billed activity codes. Associated total charges, including professional fees and hospital-based technical fees, were identified and inflated to 2014 dollars using the Consumer Price Index. Codes were categorized into provider visits, procedures, pathology/laboratory, radiology, and other tests. χ2, Student t, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests compared charges of patients seen in and out of the MDC. Results Two-hundred ninety-seven (non-MDC = 161, 54%; MDC = 136, 46%) of 308 patients identified had total charges available. Patients seen through MDC had on average a 23% decrease in total charges per patient incurred ($5839 savings; range, $5213-$6464) compared with patients seen through non-MDC settings. Evaluation through MDC reduced the average number of provider visits per patient (non-MDC, 6.8 vs. MDC, 4.8; P Conclusions Evaluation of patients with NSCLC through a coordinated single-day MDC reduced hospital charges per patient by 23% during the diagnostic period prior to treatment when compared with evaluation through traditional referral-based thoracic oncology clinics.
Disseminated histoplasmosis presenting as dental lesion in the absence of a vital organ, the thymus.

Abstract We present a case report of a patient who has rare anatomical anomalies and presented with an oral lesion that led to a diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis. The case brings forth important clinical considerations for a diagnosis of histoplasmosis.
Cold (Beer) War: The German Volksgetränk in East German Rhetoric (1945–1971)

This chapter tracks the role of beer in the political rhetoric of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) through the lens of the government and press during the first two decades of the Cold War, ending with the overthrow of Walter Ulbricht in 1971. Gillespie argues that the socialist leadership and print media claimed beer as a cultural symbol better suited to their socialist vision of German life than to West German capitalism, thus making East German society the rightful heir to Germany’s beer heritage. From their leaders and newspapers, GDR citizens received narratives of beer as a symbol of worker comradery and proletarian solidarity. When discussing West Germany, however, the GDR’s media consistently presented visions of a regressive and exclusionary culture of beer consumption.
Observational Learning of Violent Behavior

Although habitual aggressive and violent behaviors seldom develop in children unless there is a convergence of multiple predisposing and precipitating biosocial and contextual factors, there is compelling evidence that early observation of aggression and violence in the child’s environment or in the mass media contributes substantially to the development of aggressive habits that may persist throughout the life course (Bandura, 1986; Berkowitz, 1993; Paik & Comstock, 1994; Eron, Huesmann, Lefkowitz & Walder, 1972; Huesmann, 1986; Huesmann & Eron, 1986; Huesmann & Miller, 1994). The empirical evidence concerning the importance of observational learning has been accumulating for decades but has been given added relevance by the emergence of social/cognitive process models to explain individual differences in aggression. In this chapter 1 provide an overview of an unified cognitive/information-processing model of social behavior within which aggression can be understood, I elaborate on the key role that observational learning plays in the development of the cognitive/information-processing structures that control social behavior in general and aggressive behavior in particular; and I discuss the biosocial processes that seem to be involved in observational learning of these cognitive/information-processing structures.
A click-based modular approach to introduction of peroxides onto molecules and nanostructures

Copper-promoted azide/alkyne cycloadditions (CuAAC) are explored as a tool for modular introduction of peroxides onto molecules and nanomaterials. Dialkyl peroxide-substituted alkynes undergo Cu(I)-promoted reaction with azides in either organic or biphasic media to furnish peroxide-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. Heterolytic fragmentation of the peroxide to an aldehyde, a side reaction that appears to be related to the formation of the triazole, can be suppressed by use of excess alkyne, the presence of triethylsilane, or by use of iodoalkyne substrates. Complementary reactions of simple alkynes with azido-substituted peroxides are much less efficient. Click reactions of alkynyl peroxyacetals are also reported; reductive fragmentation can be minimized by increasing the distance between the peroxyacetal and the alkyne. The strategy enables modular introduction of dialkyl peroxides and peroxyacetals onto gold nanoparticles, the first such process to be reported.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping Of Mouse Autism Models using Open-Field Behavior

Download the DATASET_MMM_README.txt file for a detailed description of this dataset's content
Singular Homology Theory

In this chapter we develop singular homology , an ordinary homology theory, and derive many of its properties.
The analytic hierarchy and analytic network measurement processes: Applications to decisions under Risk

Mathematics applications largely depend on scientific practice. In science measurement depends on the use of scales, most frequently ratio scales. A ratio scale there is applied to measure various physical attributes and assumes a zero and an arbitrary unit used uniformly throughout an application. Different ratio scales are combined by means of formulas. The formulas apply within structures involving variables and their relations under natural law. The meaning and use of the outcome is then interpreted according to the judgment of an expert as to how well it meets understanding and experience or satisfies laws of nature that are always there. Science derives results objectively, but interprets their significance is subjectively. In decision making, there are no set laws to characterize structures in which relations are predetermined for every decision. Understanding is needed to structure a problem and then also to use judgments to represent importance and preference quantitatively so that a best outcome can be derived by combining and trading off different factors or attributes. From numerical representations of judgments, priority scales are derived and synthesized according to given rules of composition. In decision making the priority scales can only be derived objectively after subjective judgments are made. The process is the opposite of what we do in science. This paper summarizes a mathematical theory of measurement in decision making and applies it to real-life examples of complex decisions.
The cyclic alternating pattern demonstrates increased sleep instability and correlates with fatigue and sleepiness in adults with upper airway resistance syndrome.

OBJECTIVE To clarify the relationship between sleep instability and subjective complaints in patients with upper airway resistance syndrome (UARS). METHODS Thirty subjects (15 women) with UARS and 30 age- and sex-matched controls in a prospective, single-blind, case-control study. Blinded cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) electroencephalogram analysis and scales of fatigue and sleepiness were completed. ANALYSIS Mann-Whitney U tests for independent, nonparametric variables between groups and chi2 tests for nonparametric variables with defined standard values. RESULTS Patients with UARS had significantly more complaints of fatigue and sleepiness, compared with controls, demonstrated on their Fatigue Severity Scale (P < 0.001) and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (P < 0.001). By design, the mean apnea-hypopnea index was normal in both groups, whereas the respiratory disturbance index was greater in patients with UARS than in those without (14.5 +/- 3.0 vs 9 +/- 5.2, respectively [P < 0.001]). CAP analysis demonstrated abnormal non-rapid eye movement sleep with abnormally increased CAP rate, electroencephalogram arousals, A2 index, and A3 index. Decreased A1 index in controls was consistent with their more normal progression of sleep. CAP rate correlated with both the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (r = 0.38, P < 0.01) and the Fatigue Severity Scale (r = 0.51, P < 0.0001), and there was a positive trend between the Fatigue Severity Scale and phase A2 index (r = 0.29, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with age- and sex-matched controls, patients with UARS have higher electroencephalogram arousal indexes and important non-rapid eye movement sleep disturbances that correlate with subjective symptoms of sleepiness and fatigue. These disturbances are identifiable with sensitive measures such as CAP analysis but not with traditional diagnostic scoring systems.
Panel: life safety options for people with disabilities – how far have we come?

Summary A panel discussion considered life safety options for people with disabilities and their evacuation challenges, with a particular focus on buildings, such as small care facilities, group homes and nursing homes. Questions to be discussed included consideration of how well occupants in those types of facilities have fared in actual fires, and how well current regulations protect them. The panelists focused on three specific areas – the implications of changing demographics on code development; the factors important in fire safety in small care facilities; and real experiences and future implications for mixed-ability evacuation. This paper details the presentations and the open discussion that followed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mental Health Provider-Based Stigma: Understanding the Experience of Clients and Families

That the general public commonly holds negative attitudes and beliefs toward persons living with mental illness is well-documented (Corrigan, Mueser, Bond, Drake, & Solomon, 2008; Rusch, Angermeyer, & Corrigan, 2005; Wahl, 1999). What is surprising is that some researchers have identified similar attitudes and beliefs held by mental health providers (Lauber, Anthony, Ajdacic-Gross, Rossler, 2004; Lauber, Nordt, Braunschweig, & Rossler, 2006; Nordt, Rossler, & Lauber, 2006). This less-understood phenomenon, provider stigma, is defined as the negative attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors that mental health providers possess and enact toward clients. The consequences of provider stigma are profound, yet efforts to address it must begin with intensive exploration of the concept and its experience. This article describes an ethnographic content analysis (ECA) of client- and family member–authored literature around the concept of provider stigma. The hope is that the outcome of analysis, a conceptual model involvi...
Facilitating Collaboration, Knowledge Construction and Communication with Web-Enabled Databases.

This paper presents an overview of World Wide Web-enabled databases that dynamically generate Web materials and focuses on the use of this technology to support collaboration, knowledge construction, and communication. Database applications have been used in classrooms to support learning activities for over a decade, but, although business and e-commerce have quickly embraced dynamic Web-based databases, their potential in educational environments is just now beginning to be realized. The authors explore a social constructivist framework for using Web-based databases to support learning and assessment and describe several specific applications of dynamic databases used to facilitate the construction of knowledge and support collaborative activities in online education courses. Several uses of databases are summarized, including building community, potential for continued growth, simplicity and accessibility, empowerment, and quality. The following examples of dynamic databases are described: student pictures and biographies for HyperGroups; computer-based instruction database; and faculty feedback. (Contains 13 references.) (MES) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 Facilitating Collaboration, Knowledge Construction and Communication with Web-Enabled Databases PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY