cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fully coupled analysis and sensitivity analysis for electrostatic-fluid-structure interaction problems

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the analysis and sensitivity analysis of a fully coupled electrostatic-fluid-structure problem. The addition of two fields that describe the mesh motion of the electrostatic and fluid subdomains, respectively, yields a five-field problem. All the five fields must be fully coupled both in analysis and sensitivity analysis. The efficient staggered solution procedures, employed in combination with parallel computations, especially for the fluid component allows the application of this methodology to realistic problems that couple structural, electrostatic, and fluid domains such as a micro-fluid pump. An analytical sensitivity analysis is employed to avoid doubling the number of required function evaluations as would be required by finite differencing. There are two specific reasons for using the finite element discretization for the electrostatic field when boundary elements are the standard. The reasons are using a finite element discretization, topology optimization removes the material contribution of non-optimal elements, and the usage of parallel scalable algorithms for numerical simulation works well with the sparse matrices that are formed in finite element analysis but not with the dense matrices of boundary elements.
Multistory Frame Design Using Story Stiffness Concept

Irrespective of the design philosophy employed in proportioning unbraced multistory steel frames, the selection of member sizes can be greatly expedited with the aid of the story stiffness concept. Bending moments, P-Δ effects, sway buckling, and lateral instability are all functions of the story stiffness parameter. The use of this concept eliminates the difficulties generally encountered in the direct inclusion of P-Δ effects in design. The significance of the story stiffness concept in allowable stress design and plastic design is demonstrated.
Decisions at the Brink: Locomotor Experience Affects Infants' Use of Social Information on an Adjustable Drop-off.

How do infants decide what to do at the brink of a precipice? Infants could use two sources of information to guide their actions: perceptual information generated by their own exploratory activity and social information offered by their caregivers. The current study investigated the role of locomotor experience in using social information—both encouragement and discouragement—for descending drop-offs. Mothers of 30 infants (experienced 12-month-old crawlers, novice 12-month-old walkers, and experienced 18-month-old walkers) encouraged and discouraged descent on a gradation of drop-offs (safe “steps” and risky “cliffs”). Novice walkers descended more frequently than experienced crawlers and walkers and fell while attempting to walk over impossibly high cliffs. All infants showed evidence of integrating perceptual and social information, but locomotor experience affected infants’ use of social messages, especially on risky drop-offs. Experienced crawlers and walkers selectively deferred to social information when perceptual information is ambiguous. In contrast, novice walkers took mothers’ advice inconsistently and only at extreme drop-offs.
iBeaconing: A Low-Cost, Wireless Student Protection System

For children with autism, normal social stimuli can provoke unpredictable reactions that could place those children in dangerous situations. In most schools, teachers have the two-pronged task of instructing and monitoring these children. In order to simplify this task, we propose integrating new iBeacon technology with the capability of Raspberry Pi computers to construct an entry/exit scanning system. The students will be wearing iBeacon equipped, irremovable bracelets (transmitting on a low power setting), which will be donned when attendance is taken. The Raspberry Pi computers placed above each door will scan for iBeacons continually. Since the iBeacons will be transmitting on a range of −30 to −20 dBmW of power, they have a maximum horizontal range of 2 m. If the iBeacon is within range of the door for more than two seconds, the Raspberry Pi will send a “distress signal” to a server, which is retrieved by the smartphone application, prompting a system-wide alert to be triggered. The benefits of implementing such a system include cost-effectiveness and a decrease in the latent period between alert detection and action.
Surfactant-Loaded Halloysite Clay Nanotube Dispersants for Crude Oil Spill Remediation

The toxicity of oil spill dispersants could be greatly reduced by using environmentally benign materials as surfactant-carrier. In this work, we report halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with different surfactants for crude oil spill remediation. The effectiveness of HNT loaded with the surfactants Tween 80, dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (DOSS, D), Span 80 (S) and modified soybean lecithin phosphatidylinositol (Lecithin FPI, LFPI) in crude oil spill remediation was examined with the U.S. EPA’s baffled flask test. The release kinetics of the surfactants from the HNT were studied. Ternary diagrams (Span 80–DOSS–Tween 80, Lecithin FPI–DOSS–Tween 80 and Lecithin FPI–Tween 80–Span 80) for the dispersion effectiveness of the surfactant-loaded HNT were then generated. 99 vol % dispersion effectiveness was attained by HNT loaded with ternary food grade surfactants Span 80, Tween 80 and Lecithin FPI. An environmentally friendly oil spill dispersant was therefore formulated using naturally occurring HNT and FD...
Americans in a World Context

The discovery and settlement of America set afoot a migration and mixing of the world’s people that is without precedent.1 Of the tide of Europeans that flowed westwards, no country took more than the United States.2 In the past two hundred years, Americans have increased their numbers almost fiftyfold — from four million in 1790 to 200 million in 1970.3 This fiftyfold increase was ten times greater than the increase in world population during the same period; indeed, until the 1930s, the influx of migrants into the United States played a greater role in increasing American numbers than did the natural increase of its people. One can only conjecture what Europe lost in providing America with a constant stream of adult, and sometimes highly skilled, people.
Nuclear receptor corepressors Ncor1 and Ncor2 (Smrt) are required for retinoic acid-dependent repression of Fgf8 during somitogenesis.

Retinoic acid (RA) repression of Fgf8 is required for many different aspects of organogenesis, however relatively little is known about how endogenous RA controls gene repression as opposed to gene activation. Here, we show that nuclear receptor corepressors NCOR1 and NCOR2 (SMRT) redundantly mediate the ability of RA to repress Fgf8. Ncor1;Ncor2 double mutants generated by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing exhibited a small somite and distended heart phenotype similar to that of RA-deficient Raldh2−/− embryos, associated with increased Fgf8 expression and FGF signaling in caudal progenitors and heart progenitors. Embryo chromatin immunoprecipitation studies revealed that NCOR1/2 but not coactivators are recruited to the Fgf8 RA response element (RARE) in an RA-dependent manner, whereas coactivators but not NCOR1/2 are recruited RA-dependently to a RARE near Rarb that is activated by RA. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genomic deletion of the Fgf8 RARE in mouse embryos often resulted in a small somite defect with Fgf8 derepression caudally, but no defect was observed in heart development or heart Fgf8 expression. This suggests the existence of another DNA element whose function overlaps with the Fgf8 RARE to mediate Fgf8 repression by RA and NCOR1/2. Our studies support a model in which NCOR1/2 mediates direct RA-dependent repression of Fgf8 in caudal progenitors in order to control somitogenesis.
Building a brighter future for crowd work

Skill ladders may help crowd workers to "skill up" as they work. But what other technical innovations will lead to better opportunities for crowd work?
Albedo feedbacks to future climate via climate change impacts on dryland biocrusts

U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program [DESC-0008168]; U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Youth and Education in Science (YES); USGS Ecosystems Mission Area,; National Science Foundation [EAR-1148334]
Consequences of uncontrolled cooling during sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) sperm cryopreservation on post-thaw motility and fertilizing ability.

Abstract The significant influence of the number and position of fish sperm sample straws in uncontrolled cooling devices on post-thaw spermatozoa parameters, such as motility and fertilizing ability, is presented in this study. The two most popular uncontrolled cooling devices were used in this study: a Styrofoam box setup with a polystyrene floating raft on liquid nitrogen and the dry shipper setup with a straw holder. We tested the effect of different quantities of straws (6 or 60) placed on the polystyrene floating raft and the position of the straws in the holder (on the periphery or in the centre). Using these cooling methods, sperm of 10 male sterlets diluted with methanol containing cryoprotective medium was frozen. All temperature changes were recorded by a thermocouple inside the straw, and the thermogram intervals were analysed. Spermatozoa motility was evaluated by video microscopy with integrated computer-assisted sperm analysis software. Fertilization trials were conducted at a 10 5 spermatozoa/egg ratio. Post-thaw spermatozoa parameters, including the percent of motile spermatozoa, curvilinear velocity, velocity according to the smoothed path, linearity of track, beat-cross frequency and fertilization rate, were significantly decreased in the 60-straw floating raft setup in comparison to all of the other cooling methods. The freezing rate between −10 °C and −30 °C was significantly decreased by up to 18.6 ± 0.61 °C/min for the 60-straw floating raft setup in comparison to the other freezing conditions. Considering the above results, efforts to standardize cryopreservation protocols using uncontrolled cooling devices should take into account the amount of straws subjected to freezing.
The Banking System in 2016: Real Income is Falling

In 2016, the volume of the banking sector assets was remaining relatively constant despite reduction of the overall number of operating banks. The banking profit has grown considerably. The reason was a sharp slowdown of bad assets growth. However without taking this factor into account, the banks’ net profits continue shrinking.
Breaking Up Isn’t Hard to Do: Exploring the Dissolution of Teachers’ and School Leaders’ Work-Related Ties:

Purpose: School leaders are central to the development of work-related ties among school staff. Although prior work has examined the predictors of the presence of work-related ties, little is known about the breakup or dissolution of ties among school staff. This study examines the extent of tie dissolution among school staff, as well as both the individual- and organizational-level predictors of the breakup of ties. Research Methods: This study uses social network analysis of 4 years of survey data from 14 elementary schools in one suburban U.S. district. Social network models predict the likelihood of the breakup of a tie between school staff in three types of networks: close colleague networks, and instructional advice networks in mathematics and language arts. Findings: Work-related ties between school staff dissolve at high rates from year to year, and ties that dissolve generally do not re-form. Aspects of the formal school organization—particularly changing grade levels and losing leadership positi...
The K+ channel KZM2 is involved in stomatal movement by modulating inward K+ currents in maize guard cells

Stomata are the major gates in plant leaf that allow water and gas exchange, which is essential for plant transpiration and photosynthesis. Stomatal movement is mainly controlled by the ion channels and transporters in guard cells. In Arabidopsis, the inward Shaker K+ channels, such as KAT1 and KAT2, are responsible for stomatal opening. However, the characterization of inward K+ channels in maize guard cells is limited. In the present study, we identified two KAT1-like Shaker K+ channels, KZM2 and KZM3, which were highly expressed in maize guard cells. Subcellular analysis indicated that KZM2 and KZM3 can localize at the plasma membrane. Electrophysiological characterization in HEK293 cells revealed that both KZM2 and KZM3 were inward K+ (Kin ) channels, but showing distinct channel kinetics. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, only KZM3, but not KZM2, can mediate inward K+ currents. However, KZM2 can interact with KZM3 forming heteromeric Kin channel. In oocytes, KZM2 inhibited KZM3 channel conductance and negatively shifted the voltage dependence of KZM3. The activation of KZM2-KZM3 heteromeric channel became slower than the KZM3 channel. Patch-clamping results showed that the inward K+ currents of maize guard cells were significantly increased in the KZM2 RNAi lines. In addition, the RNAi lines exhibited faster stomatal opening after light exposure. In conclusion, the presented results demonstrate that KZM2 functions as a negative regulator to modulate the Kin channels in maize guard cells. KZM2 and KZM3 may form heteromeric Kin channel and control stomatal opening in maize.
A Cyst in the Umbilical Cord

A newborn presents with a wide umbilical cord and thick umbilical stump (Figs 1 and 2). Figure 1. Infant with a wide edematous umbilical cord just after delivery. Figure 2. Thick umbilical stump with 3-vessel cord and serous discharge. ### Prenatal and Birth Histories
NF-κB: Its Role in Colorectal Cancer

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major worldwide health problem and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. Despite considerable progress in diagnosis and treatment, a high mortality rate persists, largely due to the complications associated with metastatic incidences. The pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is a central player in inflammatory responses and tumor progression. In CRC, constitutively activated NF-κB has been observed in the majority of patients. NF-κB significantly affects the process of tumorigenesis by promoting many aspects including tumor growth, proliferation, invasiveness, and angiogenesis. Importantly, the critical contribution of NF-κB to inflammation and tumorigenesis is due to its control of the expression of a large variety of target genes, many of which, when aberrantly expressed, help to orchestrate and promote CRC malignant potential. These NF-κB target genes include those vital to cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, metastasis, and cell survival. Additionally, activation of NF-κB in both cancerous cells and inflammatory cells and subsequent induction of cytokines/chemokines within the tumor microenvironment also contribute to CRC cell malignancy in both autocrine and paracrine manners. These evidences implicate inhibition of NF-κB as an important approach for CRC therapy. Several recent combinatorial approaches using classical chemotherapeutics with NF-κB inhibitors seem to have resulted in very promising outcomes.
Detecting unintended consequences in engineering systems: What can we learn from multi-scale modeling?

Engineering systems such as transportation, healthcare and energy systems provide critical functions for modern society, but they are growing in both technical and social complexity. As a result, unintended design and policy consequences are becoming more common. Some of these consequences are the aftermath of systems being in the vicinity of critical thresholds, which can trigger abrupt transitions from one system state to another. In models, these thresholds correspond to bifurcations in their predicted behavior. In this paper we investigate whether multi-scale modeling, i.e. the use of distinct models at different scales, has the potential to aid in the discovery of bifurcations in engineering systems. To accomplish this, we reviewed and analyzed the literature on how multi-scale modeling is applied in the physical sciences including biology, material sciences, and physics. What we found is that despite their intended use for discovery, multi-scale models are largely constructed by tuning linkages among the scales to reproduce critical thresholds that have already been discovered empirically. This suggests the need for additional research to develop a systematic approach to introduce hypothesized linkage relationships to generate candi­date bifurcations in our models. Such an approach could enable computational models to better inform engineers, managers and policy makers of the range of potential consequences of design and policy decisions.
Cytopenias: Reactive and Neoplastic

Cytopenias are the most common peripheral blood count abnormality that come to medical attention and, in a subset of cases, stimulate performance of a bone marrow biopsy. Cytopenias encompass anemia, leukopenia (most often reduction of the absolute neutrophil count, but also including monocytopenia and lymphopenia), and thrombocytopenia. They may be isolated, involving only one cell line, or may involve two or all three cell lines (pancytopenia).
New Approaches to the Measurement of Proliferation Rates

The field of cell proliferation kinetics has expanded enormously since the original description in 1953 that DNA synthesis in preparation for the next mitosis occupies a discrete portion of the intermitotic life cycle. Howard & Pelc (1953) defined the phases of the cell cycle, i.e. the postmitotic gap (G1), DNA synthesis (S) and the premitotic gap (G2). This nomenclature has become very commonly adopted. Specific precursors of DNA have been developed which allow cells in this phase of DNA synthesis to be labelled. The most extensively used has been radioactive tritiated thymidine, but this is now being replaced by the non-radioactive halogenated pyrimidines BUdR and IUdR. The radioactive precursors were detected in autoradiographs by the grains they induce in a photographic emulsion as the isotope decays. The overall uptake can also be detected in a scintillation counter. By contrast the BUdR or IUdR labelled cells can be detected with specific monoclonal antibodies, which can then be tagged with coloured or fluorescent stains and identified in histological sections or by flow cytometry (Gray et al. 1986).
Functional foregut abnormalities in Barrett's esophagus

The factors predisposing to the development of Barrett's esophagus in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease are unclear. We compared symptoms, esophageal acid and alkaline exposure (pH 7), lower esophageal sphincter resistance, esophageal clearance function, the gastric secretory state, gastric emptying, and duodenogastric reflux in 15 patients with Barrett's esophagus with 24 patients with esophagitis and with 22 normal subjects. Compared with patients with esophagitis, patients with Barrett's esophagus had less heartburn and regurgitation but had an increased frequency and duration of reflux episodes and percent time pH less than 2, less than 3, less than 4, and pH greater than 7 on ambulatory 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring. This was associated with a decreased lower esophageal sphincter resistance, a decreased contraction amplitude in the distal area of the esophagus, an increased frequency of nonperistaltic contractions and contractions less than 30 mm Hg on 24-hour ambulatory esophageal motility monitoring, increased basal and stimulated gastric acid secretion, and a higher prevalence of excessive duodenogastric reflux. These data show that despite less symptoms patients with Barrett's esophagus have a markedly increased esophageal acid and alkaline exposure compared with patients with esophagitis. This appears to be because of persistent reflux of highly concentrated gastric acid and duodenal contents across a mechanically defective lower esophageal sphincter in combination with inefficient esophageal clearance function.
Neuropsychological correlates of self-reported impulsivity and informant-reported maladaptive behaviour among veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder and traumatic brain injury history

Objective: Frontal lobe deficits resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) and/or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) have been linked to impulsive behaviour. We sought to examine whether neurop...
Calling all calcifications: a retrospective case control study.

Abstract Introduction The majority of recalls from screening mammography do not result in biopsy recommendation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if calcifications recalled from screening mammography are more likely to result in biopsy recommendations than other findings. Methods IRB-approved electronic medical record search was performed to obtain a random sample of screening mammograms assigned BI-RADS 0 assessment during 2014–2015. Primary reason for recall was classified as mass, asymmetry, focal asymmetry, calcifications, or distortion. Primary outcome was biopsy performed after diagnostic work-up. Secondary outcome was proportion of biopsies performed that were positive for cancer, positive predictive value 3 (PPV3). Logistic regression was used to compare reasons for recall (calcifications vs other findings) with biopsy recommendation proportions. Results Random database sampling yielded 402 screening examinations with BI-RADS 0 assessments with 449 total findings. Reasons for recall included calcifications (14.0%, 63/449), masses (15.8%, 71/449), asymmetries (50.8%, 228/449), focal asymmetries (14.3%, 64/449) and architectural distortions (5.1%, 23/449). Overall, 21.6% of recalls led to image-guided biopsy (87/402). Recalls for calcifications were more likely to result in biopsy compared with other types of findings (Adjusted OR 8.56, 95% CI 4.58 to 16.0, p Conclusion Recalls for calcifications are much more likely to undergo biopsy compared with other findings. Increased biopsy rates for calcifications should be considered when recalling a patient from mammography screening in the context of practice specific positive predictive values and cancer detection rates.
Os Quilombolas Monarquistas da Jamaica no Mundo Atlântico Britânico, 1740-1800

Resumo Este artigo investiga como uma comunidade de ex-escravos, os quilombolas de Trelawney Town, do norte da Jamaica, sobreviveu a escravidao e ao exilio, aliando-se aos interesses do Imperio Britânico. A Jamaica, como outras sociedades escravistas do Novo Mundo, produziu fugitivos, e quando esses escravos fugidos estabeleceram comunidades separadas e autonomas de longa duracao foram chamados, em ingles, de Maroons e, em portugues, de quilombolas. O isolamento protegeu os quilombolas jamaicanos da escravidao, mas tambem os impediu de participar da prosperidade do Imperio Britânico em expansao. Em 1740, apos anos de guerrilha contra a elite colonial, seis grupos quilombolas da ilha assinaram tratados nos quais aceitavam o regime da plantation, optando por usar sua experiencia de guerrilha em beneficio dos grandes proprietarios, e nao contra eles. Em troca de sua propria autonomia, tornaram-se cacadores de escravos e impediram outros escravos de estabelecer novas comunidades quilombolas. Porem, decadas de lealdade nao evitaram que o maior grupo de quilombolas, o de Trelawney Town, fosse banido. Em 1796, apos uma guerra violenta, o governo colonial deportou-os sumariamente para a Nova Escocia britânica. Depois de quatro anos ali, os 550 quilombolas de Trelawney Town foram transferidos para Serra Leoa. Apesar da deportacao, eles continuaram a se ver como um grupo privilegiado na Nova Escocia e em Serra Leoa, e fizeram o possivel para revitalizar sua lealdade ao rei, para se mostrarem como “amigos uteis” do Imperio. Suas acoes revelam que o monarquismo popular do seculo XVIII era suficientemente elastico para funcionar sob condicoes drasticamente modificadas.
Neck Injuries: a Complex Problem in the Deployed Environment

Evaluation and treatment of injuries to the neck has received a lot of attention over the past 20 years. New evaluation protocols and treatment recommendations have been developed. The goal of this review is to examine these strategies and evaluate their suitability for treatment of patients in a deployed setting. Studies from several large trauma centers have changed common practice with regard to both penetrating and blunt neck injuries. The requirement to explore all zone II neck injuries has largely been replaced by a selective exploration based on physical examination and imaging. Also, blunt cerebrovascular injuries, once thought to be rare, have been demonstrated to be common and treatment dramatically reduces the morbidity and mortality. Injuries to the neck are a significant problem in the deployed environment. The blast injuries that are common in Iraq and Afghanistan produce multiple injured casualties. In addition to injuries to other body regions, injuries to the neck can involve both blunt and penetrating mechanisms as well as injuries to the spinal column. The extent and outcome of these complex injuries has not been fully evaluated and would remain an area worthy of study.
Bursting speed of rotating discs

This thesis is an extension ©f a paper by Weiss and Prager^^ in which these authors have applied Tr@«ca*s yield condition and the associated flow rule to the determination of the bursting speed of a rotating annular disc, having constant initial thiekneas. In this thesis the re­ sults of the above paper are extended directly to the problem of the axially-systnetric annular disc with an arbitrary initial thickness. It is found that Tresca*s yield condition and the associated flow rule do not appear to be applicable to the problem of the solid disc. Von Mlses* yield condition Is next applied to the problem of the axially-synroetrlc disc with an arbitrary Initial thickness. Under the assumption that the elastic strains are negligible in comparison with the plastic strains, the Von Mlses* stress-strain rate law Is used, rather than the ujore complex Prandtl-Reuss stressestrain law. A set of simultaneous ecpatlons Is obtained, whose solution I® the set of stresses and strains corresponding to the considered angular velocity of the disc, airstlng speed of the disc Is assumed to be that value of angular speed for which the strains nay Increase Indefinitely without further increase in rotational speed. In general, this system of equa­ tions must be solved numerically, a process Mrtiich may be carried out with the aid of a desk calculator. The bursting speed of a solid disc having a constant initial thick­ ness Is computed, using Von Mlses' yield condition, and the results com­ pared with the bursting speed of an annular disc obtained by the use of Tresea's yield condition. This comparison was made by way of some ex­ perimental results of Holms and Jenkins^, and the agreement is found to be satisfactory.
Immersed in Immersion: Simulation as Technology and Theory of Mind

Cognitive theories involving the notion of simulation have developed hand in hand with the advancement and pervasiveness of simulation technologies. This intimate interrelation suggests the promise of implementing simulation technology in cognitive research, as well as in the facilitation and manipulation of cognitive and affective mechanisms for learning and training. In this chapter I describe the general interdependence of forms of technology and theories of mind, the former often furnishing metaphors for the latter, and offer a brief historical sketch leading up to the recent emergence of the centrality of simulation. I then follow with a critical evaluation of the role of simulation in current cognitive theories, and relate these critiques to philosophical concerns about the ontological, epistemological, and methodological status of modeling and simulation as a research tool. I end with some illustrative examples from cognitive research and therapy, and point towards potential future applications.
Critical Review of Chemical Complexity Effect on Local Structure of Multi-principal-Element Alloys

The multi-principal-element alloy (MPEA) strategy has radically changed the pathway of alloy development by shifting the search for useful alloys from the corners to the center region of the phase diagram. Distinct from conventional one-principal-element alloys, chemically complex MPEAs exhibit extreme diversity in terms of atomic size and chemistry, potentially distorting their local structure. The present review summarizes recent experimental and theoretical progress on study of the local structure of such materials, with emphases on local lattice distortion and the charge transfer effect.
Understanding the Socioeconomic and Health Challenges of the Medicaid Expansion Population in Oregon

Following the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, Medicaid eligibility in the United States expanded to include low-income adults. One key challenge for organizations and providers serving the Medicaid population was predicting if and how this change would alter the composition of enrollees. This study characterized demographics, socioeconomic challenges, and health of the expansion and non-expansion Medicaid populations in a metropolitan area in Oregon using a survey and Medicaid claims. Results showed that the expansion population has more men and non-English speakers than the non-expansion population. They also have greater education and employment, but face similar socioeconomic challenges including struggling to meet basic needs and housing instability. This study also found comparable self-reported physical and mental health, but lower prevalence of physical or mental health diagnoses and several ambulatory care reactive conditions including hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. The authors concluded that expansion and non-expansion populations differ in sex, language, education, employment, and health, but they face similar socioeconomic challenges. This information is useful for organizations coordinating and providing care to Medicaid members so they can understand the needs of the population and set appropriate population health management strategies.
Emergency department use at the end of life in elderly patients with gastrointestinal malignancies and mental health comorbidities.

811Background: Aggressive care at the end-of-life can contradict patients’ wishes, negatively impact patient quality of life, and contribute to overall health care expenditures. Patients with menta...
High-Order Mesh Generation Based on Optimal Affine Combinations of Nodal Positions

In this paper, we propose a new optimization-based method for high-order mesh generation. Our proposed method is based on affine combinations of nodal positions. For each interior node in the high-order straight-sided mesh, a set of weights that relates the node to its neighbors is calculated. After the high-order boundary nodes are curved to conform with the true boundary, the interior nodes are moved based on the generated weights and the new boundary positions. We present results from applying our method to several aerospace engineering geometries in 2D and 3D which demonstrate the capabilities of our method.
Framing William Albertson: The FBI's “Solo” Operation and the Cold War

William Albertson, who was executive secretary of the New York Communist Party and a member of the National Committee of the Communist Party USA (CPUSA), was framed as an informant for the U.S. Fed...
Parameter Optimization and Sensitivity Studies of Spontaneous Fission with FREYA

For many years, the state of the art for simulating fission in transport codes amounted to sampling from average distributions. However, such "average" fission models have limited capabilities. Energy is not explicitly conserved and no correlations are available because all particles are emitted independently. However, in a true fission event, the emitted particles are correlated. Recently, Monte Carlo codes generating complete fission events have been developed, thus allowing the use of event-by-event analysis techniques. Such techniques are particularly useful because the complete kinematic information is available for the fission products and the emitted neutrons and photons. It is therefore possible to extract any desired observables, including correlations. The fast event-by-event fission code FREYA (Fission Reaction Event Yield Algorithm) generates large samples of complete fission events, employing only a few physics-based parameters. A recent optimization of these parameters for the isotopes in FREYA that undergo spontaneous fission is described and results are presented. The sensitivity of neutron observables in FREYA to the input yield functions is also discussed and the correlation between the average neutron multiplicity and fragment total kinetic energy is quantified.
The in vivo QTc core assay: An evaluation of QTc variability, detection sensitivity and implications for the improvement of conscious dog and non-human primate telemetry studies.

Abstract The ICH S7B guideline describes the requirement to conduct an in vitro IKr (hERG) and in vivo QTc assay for human risk assessment of new drug products, but the guidance is devoid of recommendations on study execution or quality. In the absence of standard practice, multiple study designs and experimental approaches have been utilized, especially with the nonclinical QTc assay. Since 2009, our approach to the in vivo QTc assay has been consistent for small molecules and yields reproducible and sensitive levels for QTc signal detection. Our database and experience indicate that nonrodent telemetry studies can achieve high sensitivity and a calculated metric of study power can be used to indicate study quality. Using a retrospective statistical power analysis of multiple studies (n = 14 dog; n = 6 NHP), the detection sensitivity for a specific study design (N = 8; double Latin square cross-over) was determined. The output of the power analysis is the minimal detectable effect at 80% power and a 95% probability level. The design provided an average sensitivity to detect a 4.7 (2.0%) and 6.5 (1.9%) msec QTcI change in dog and NHP, respectively. These findings suggest that this experimental approach has a consistent and reproducible sensitivity to enable a robust QTcI risk evaluation and can be used confidently to support an integrated nonclinical-clinical pro-arrhythmia risk assessment. The inclusion of power analysis (i.e., QTc sensitivity) data in a regulatory submission provides key information to critical stakeholders about the quality of the in vivo QTc assessment and its value for human safety testing.
Cell-Type Identity of the Avian Utricle

The avian utricle, a vestibular organ of the inner ear, displays turnover of sensory hair cells throughout life. This is in sharp contrast to the mammalian utricle, which shows limited regenerative capacity. Here, we use single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify distinct marker genes for the different sensory hair cell subtypes of the chicken utricle, which we validated in situ . We provide markers for spatially distinct supporting cell populations, and identified two transitional cell populations of dedifferentiating supporting cells and developing hair cells. Trajectory reconstruction resulted in an inventory of gene expression dynamics of natural hair cell generation in the avian utricle.
Development and feasibility of a Configurable Assessment Messaging Platform for Interventions (CAMPI).

INTRODUCTION Short message service (SMS) is a widely accepted telecommunications approach used to support health informatics, including behavioral interventions, data collection, and patient-provider communication. However, SMS delivery platforms are not standardized and platforms are typically commercial "off-the-shelf" or developed "in-house." As a consequence of platform variability, implementing SMS-based interventions may be challenging for both providers and patients. Off-the-shelf SMS delivery platforms may require minimal development or technical resources from providers, but users are often limited in their functionality. Conversely, platforms that are developed in-house are often specified for individual projects, requiring specialized development and technical expertise. Patients are on the receiving end of programming and technical specification challenges; message delays or lagged data affect quality of SMS communications. To date, little work has been done to develop a generalizable SMS platform that can be scaled across health initiatives. OBJECTIVE We propose the Configurable Assessment Messaging Platform for Interventions (CAMPI) to mitigate challenges associated with SMS intervention implementation (e.g., programming, data collection, message delivery). METHOD CAMPI aims to optimize health data captured from a multitude of sources and enhance patient-provider communication through a technology that is simple and familiar to patients. Using representative examples from three behavioral intervention case studies implemented among diverse populations (pregnant women, young sexual minority men, and parents with young children), we describe CAMPI capabilities and feasibility. CONCLUSION As a generalizable SMS platform, CAMPI can be scaled to meet the priorities of various health initiatives, while reducing unnecessary resource utilization and burden on providers and patients. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Effect of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 on Extraocular Muscle Structure and Function.

Purpose Mutations in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) receptor can result in strabismus, but little is known about how FGFs affect extraocular muscle structure and function. These were assessed after short-term and long-term exposure to exogenously applied FGF2 to determine the effect of enhanced signaling. Methods One superior rectus muscle of adult rabbits received either a series of three injections of 500 ng, 1 µg, or 5 µg FGF2 and examined after 1 week, or received sustained treatment with FGF2 and examined after 1, 2, or 3 months. Muscles were assessed for alterations in force generation, myofiber size, and satellite cell number after each treatment. Results One week after the 5 µg FGF2 injections, treated muscles showed significantly increased force generation compared with naive controls, which correlated with increased myofiber cross-sectional areas and Pax7-positive satellite cells. In contrast, 3 months of sustained FGF2 treatment resulted in decreased force generation, which correlated with decreased myofiber size and decreased satellite cells compared with naive control and the untreated contralateral side. Conclusions FGF2 had distinctly different effects when short-term and long-term treatments were compared. The decreased size and ability to generate force correlated with decreased myofiber areas seen in individuals with Apert syndrome, where there is sustained activation of FGF signaling. Knowing more about signaling pathways critical for extraocular muscle function, development, and disease will pave the way for improved treatment options for strabismus patients with FGF abnormalities in craniofacial disease, which also may be applicable to other strabismus patients.
Confronting the Risk of Large Disasters in Nature

Risk is usually defined to be the product of (hazard) × (vulnerability), or alternately, (hazard) × (exposure). Ameliorating risk can be accomplished either by reducing the hazard, or reducing the exposure to the hazard. For natural hazards, it is usually not possible to prevent the hazard. Earthquakes and hurricanes are examples, although events such as human-induced earthquakes in areas of ground water injection may be exceptions. One strategy is to simply move away from hazardous areas, thereby reducing the exposure to the hazard. Another method is to alter and strengthen physical structures and social processes so that they are less susceptible to disruption and destruction.
The Missed Diagnosis as a Powerful Teaching Device

Diagnostic errors can harm patients and the legal consequences can harm physicians and hospitals. Some medicolegal compensation settlements run as high as a million dollars, and in these terms one simple mistake could prevent a hospital from being able to buy a new nuclear magnetic resonance unit or computed tomography scanner, and in some instances might even threaten bankruptcy.
Three-dimensional "atomistic" simulation of discrete random dopant distribution effects in sub-0.1 /spl mu/m MOSFET's

In this paper, discrete random dopant distribution effects in sub-0.1 /spl mu/m MOSFET's were studied using three-dimensional drift-diffusion "atomistic" simulations. Effects due to the random fluctuation of the number of dopants in the MOSFET channel and the microscopic random distribution of dopant atoms in the MOSFET channel were investigated. We found that, in addition to the well-known fluctuation of the threshold voltage, there was an average shift of the threshold voltage to a lower value. The average shift was believed to be attributed to the inhomogeneity of channel potential due to the discreteness of channel dopants, and the logarithmic dependence of subthreshold current. Microscopic dopant distribution also gave rise to asymmetry in drain current upon interchanging the source and the drain. >
High mileage catalysts for olefin polymerization, 34†. Methanolysis of titanium, vanadium and chromium olefin polymerization catalysts

14 CH 3 O 3 H was used to quench ethylene polymerization by transition metal catalysts. 3 H labeling occurred exclusively for Ti-containing catalysts, whereas more than 95% of the chains were labeled with 14 CH 3 for the Cr-containing catalysts. Both modes of labeling occurred with V-containing catalysts. The observed phenomena indicate a change of «coordinate-carbanionic» to «coordinate-carbocationic» character for the alkyls of Ti, V and Cr in this order
TRIZ for software process improvement

TRIZ (theory of inventive problem solving) is a widely used problem solving method, most readily applicable to physical domains. To complement ongoing software process improvement activities, TRIZ and an associated software tool TechOptimizer were used to model the software development process, to assess whether this could provide new approaches on process development. The study concludes that the method and functions provided by the TechOptimizer tool do show promise in the area of SPI with immediate returns identifying process improvement priorities and scope for new approaches to process design.
Ciliated Adenosquamous Carcinoma: Expanding the Phenotypic Diversity of Human Papillomavirus-Associated Tumors

This study describes a unique subset of ciliated, human papillomavirus (HPV) related, adenosquamous carcinomas (AsqCA) of the head and neck that in contrast to most AsqCA, often show areas with lower grade cytonuclear features. They are comprised of largely non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma components with cystic change, gland formation, mucin production, and cilia in tumor cells. Seven cases of ciliated AsqCA were retrieved. Site distribution was as follows: palatine tonsil—3/7, base of tongue—1/7, and neck (unknown primary site)—3/7. Despite the occasional resemblance to mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), the tumors showed focal keratinizing morphology and atypia, and all tumors were negative for MAML2 rearrangements. Oropharyngeal and neck tumors were uniformly p16 positive and showed punctate staining by in situ hybridization for high risk HPV DNA. There were two distant metastases (lung), and one tumor related death. Thus, ciliated AsqCA are HPV-associated lesions that pose unique pitfalls, closely mimicking MEC and other salivary gland tumors. These tumors add to the list of those which defy the dogma that ciliated epithelium always equates to a benign process.
Lyα flux power spectrum and its covariance

We analyse the flux power spectrum and its covariance using simulated Lyα forests. We find that pseudo-hydro techniques are good approximations of hydrodynamical simulations at high redshift. However, the pseudo-hydro techniques fail at low redshift because they are insufficient for characterizing some components of the low-redshift intergalactic medium, notably the warm-hot intergalactic medium. Hence, to use the low-redshift Lyα flux power spectrum to constrain cosmology, one would need realistic hydrodynamical simulations. By comparing (one-dimensional) mass statistics with flux statistics, we show that the non-linear transform between density and flux quenches the fluctuations so that the flux power spectrum is much less sensitive to cosmological parameters than the one-dimensional mass power spectrum. The covariance of the flux power spectrum is nearly Gaussian. As such, the uncertainties of the underlying mass power spectrum could still be large, even though the flux power spectrum can be precisely determined from a small number of lines of sight.
Velocity statistics of dynamic spinners in out-of-equilibrium magnetic suspensions

We report on the velocity statistics of an out-of-equilibrium magnetic suspension in a spinner phase confined at a liquid interface. The suspension is energized by a uniaxial alternating magnetic field applied parallel to the interface. In a certain range of the magnetic field parameters the system spontaneously undergoes a transition into a dynamic spinner phase (ensemble of hydrodynamically coupled magnetic micro-rotors) comprised of two subsystems: self-assembled spinning chains and a gas of rotating single particles. Both subsystems coexist in a dynamic equilibrium via continuous exchange of the particles. Spinners excite surface flows that significantly increase particle velocity correlations in the system. For both subsystems the velocity distributions are strongly non-Maxwellian with nearly exponential high-energy tails, P(v) ∼ exp(−|v/v0|). The kurtosis, the measure of the deviation from the Gaussian statistics, is influenced by the frequency of the external magnetic field. We show that in the single-particle gas the dissipation is mostly collisional, whereas the viscous damping dominates over collisional dissipation for the self-assembled spinners. The dissipation increases with the frequency of the applied magnetic field. Our results provide insights into non-trivial dissipation mechanisms determining self-assembly processes in out-of-equilibrium magnetic suspensions.
The 1909 Darwin celebration. Reexamining evolution in the light of Mendel, mutation, and meiosis.

ABSTRACT In June 1909, scientists and dignitaries from 167 different countries gathered in Cambridge to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of Charles Darwin’s birth and the fiftieth anniversary of the publication of Origin of Species. The event was one of the most magnificent commemorations in the annals of science. Delegates gathered within the cloisters of Cambridge University not only to honor the “hero” of evolution but also to reassess the underpinnings of Darwinism at a critical juncture. With the mechanism of natural selection increasingly under attack, evolutionary theory was in disarray. Against this backdrop, biologists weighed the impact of several new developments—the rediscovery of Mendel’s laws of heredity, de Vriesian mutation theory, and the linkage of sex‐cell division (recently named “meiosis”) to the mechanism of heredity. The 1909 Darwin celebration thus represents a significant watershed in the history of modern biology that allows historians to assess the status of evolution prior t...