cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The history of the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine, and Urogenital Reconstruction.

Aims To review the history of the Society of Urodynamics, Female Pelvic Medicine and Urogenital Reconstruction (SUFU). Methods We reviewed Society meeting minutes, contacted all living former Society presidents, searched the William P. Didusch Center for Urology History records, and asked Society members to share their important Society experiences in order to gather important historical information about the Society. Results The Society initially formed as the Urodynamics Society in 1969 in the backdrop of a growing passion for scientific research in the country after World War II ended. Since then, Society meetings have provided a pivotal forum for the advancement of science in lower urinary tract dysfunction. Meetings occurred annually until 2004, when the meeting schedule increased to biannual. The journal, Neurourology and Urodynamics, became the official journal of the Society in 2005. SUFU has authored important guidelines on urodynamics (2012), non-neurogenic overactive bladder (2012), and stress urinary incontinence (2017) and has shared important collaborations with other societies, including the American Urological Association (AUA), the International Continence Society (ICS), and the International Society of Pelvic Neuromodulation (ISPiN). SUFU has also been instrumental in trainee education and helped to establish formal fellowship training in the field in addition to holding a yearly educational meeting for urology residents. The Society has been led by 21 presidents throughout its history. Conclusion Throughout the Society's near half-century long existence, the Society has fostered research, published guidelines, and educated trainees in order to improve the care of individuals suffering from lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Environmental mismatch results in emergence of cooperative behavior in a passerine bird

A major problem in the evolution of maternal effects is explaining the origin and persistence of maternally induced phenotypes that lower offspring fitness. Recent work focuses on the relative importance of maternal and offspring selective environments and the mismatch between them. However, an alternative approach is to directly study the origin and performance of offspring phenotypes resulting from mismatch. Here, we capitalize on a detailed understanding of the ecological contexts that provide both the cue and the functional context for expression of maternally induced offspring phenotypes to investigate the consequences of environmental mismatch. In western bluebirds, adaptive integration of offspring dispersal and aggression is induced by maternal competition over nest cavities. When nest cavities are locally abundant, mothers produce nonaggressive offspring that remain in their natal population, and when nest cavities are scarce, mothers produce aggressive dispersers. However, a few offspring neither disperse nor breed locally, instead helping at their parent’s nest, and as a result these offspring have unusually low fitness. Here, we investigate whether females produce helpers to increase their own fitness, or whether helpers result from a mismatch between the cues mothers experience during offspring production and the breeding environment that helpers later encounter. We found that producing helpers does not enhance maternal fitness. Instead, we show that helpers, which were the least aggressive of all returning sons in the population, were most common when population density increased from the time sons were produced to the time of their reproductive maturity, suggesting that the helper phenotype emerges when cues of resource competition during offspring development do not match the actual level of competition that offspring experience. Thus, environmental mismatch might explain the puzzling persistence of maternally induced phenotypes that decrease offspring fitness.
Using Random String Classification to Filter and Annotate Automated Accounts

Automated social media bots have existed almost as long as the social media platforms they inhabit. Their emergence has triggered numerous research efforts to develop increasingly sophisticated means to detect these accounts. These efforts have resulted in a cat and mouse cycle in which detection algorithms evolve trying to keep up with ever evolving bots. As part of this continued evolution, our research proposes using random string detection applied to user names to filter twitter streams for potential bot accounts and thereby generating annotated data.
Rhizosphere in Relation to Plant Nutrition and Growth

Just as microbial populations respond to plant growth through the influences of root exudates, plants in turn may either derive benefit from or suffer the consequences of microbial activities in the rhizosphere. Thus, from seed germination to maturity the growing plant creates a root environment which affects its own development.
Democracy, Justice, and Equality: The Economy of Gift-giving

The impediments to establishing democratic justice in contemporary American society have caused a national paralysis; one that has recklessly spawned an aporetic1 existence for minorities2. The entrenched ideological complexities afflicting under and non-represented groups (e.g., poverty, unemployment, illiteracy, crime), at the hands of political, legal, cultural, and economic power elites, have produced counterfeit, perhaps even fraudulent, efforts at reform: discrimination and inequality in opportunity prevail (e.g., Lynch and Patterson, 1996). The misguided and futile initiatives of the state, in pursuit of transcending this public affairs crisis, have fostered a reification; that is, a reinforcement of divisiveness. This time, however, minority groups compete with one another for recognition, affirmation, and identity within the national collective psyche (Rosenfeld, 1993). What ensues by way of state effort, though, is a contemporaneous sense of equality for all, and a near imperceptible endorsement of inequality; a silent conviction that the majority3 still retains power.4
Targeting CD38 with daratumumab is lethal to Waldenström macroglobulinaemia cells

CD38 is expressed on Waldenstrom macroglobulinaemia (WM) cells, but its role as a therapeutic target remains undefined. With recent approval of the anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody, daratumumab (Dara), we hypothesized that blocking CD38 would be lethal to WM cells. In vitro Dara treatment of WM cells (including ibrutinib-resistant lines) elicited antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cell phagocytosis (ADCP) and direct apoptosis. In vivo, Dara treatment was well tolerated and delayed tumour growth in RPCI-WM1-xenografted mice. CD38 is reported to augment B-cell receptor (BCR) signalling; we noted that Dara significantly attenuated phosphorylated SYK, LYN, BTK, PLCγ2, ERK1/2, AKT, mTOR, and S6 levels, and this effect was augmented by cotreatment with ibrutinib. Indeed, WM cells, including ibrutinib-resistant WM cell lines treated with the ibrutinib + Dara combination, showed significantly more cell death through ADCC, CDC, ADCP and apoptosis relative to single-agent Dara or ibrutinib. In summary, we are the first to report the in vitro and in vivo anti-WM activity of Dara. Furthermore, we show a close connection between BCR and CD38 signalling, which can be co-targeted with ibrutinib + Dara to induce marked WM cell death, irrespective of acquired resistance to ibrutinib.
Agents of Hope: College and Career Readiness Consultation to Support Successful Transitions

ABSTRACTCollege and career readiness (CCR) consultation represents an opportunity for consultants to improve transition outcomes for students with disabilities and underserved youth and young adult...
The O’Connor Effect: Justice Sandra Day O’Connor’s Influence on Judicial Diversity

President Reagan’s nomination of Justice Sandra Day O’Connor’s nomination as the first woman to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court was historic in many ways. As a justice who served for over 20 years, Justice O’Connor proved to be a critical voice on a number of legal issues, particularly as she became the median justice toward the end of her tenure. As the first woman on the Supreme Court, she also seemed to symbolize the beginning of new opportunities for women and others who had largely been left out of the political system, at least in terms of representation. In fact, some have asserted that her elevation to the Court may have led to greater numbers of women and other political minorities being selected to lower courts throughout the land. In this paper, we test that conventional wisdom. In particular, what influence – if any – did Justice O’Connor’s nomination have on judicial diversity in the federal courts? As women and other political minorities continue to gain seats on the American judiciary, did her nomination represent a watershed for gender and racial diversity in the courts? Employing a dataset we compiled on judicial diversity in the federal Courts of Appeals and District Courts, we find that Justice O’Connor’s appointment did indeed lead to more women in the federal judiciary.Interestingly, the influence of her nomination seems limited to women, but did not carry over to racial and ethnic minorities. Thus, we do find the influence of an “O’Connor Effect,” though it is more nuanced and complex than simply asserting that her historic appointment reverberated throughout the judiciary.
The Case Against 'Health Courts'

This report evaluates a proposal to replace the current civil justice system for compensating patients who have been injured by medical malpractice with a system called “health courts,” in which claims that were not settled in response to an apology and offer of settlement on behalf of providers would be adjudicated by medically-trained decision-makers employing pre-established guidelines and schedules.The report concludes that the health court proposal is ill-conceived, that it would be unfair to patients, that it would be unlikely to achieve its objectives, and that such of its goals as are reasonable can be achieved more fairly and with greater efficiency under the existing civil justice system.
GIs and “Jeep girls”: sex and American soldiers in wartime China

This article examines how sex affected the larger politics of the Sino–US alliance during World War II. By early 1945, Chinese from across the social spectrum resented the US military presence, but...
Review of Mathematical Models Applied in Open-Pit Mining

Mining is the art of extraction of material from the earth surface for profit. The main objective of mining companies is to maximize net present value (NPV) while considering health, safety and environmental issues. Revolution in the mining industry has seen mathematical modelling being the key component in improving the mining process. Mining models has been proven as the next frontier that needs all the focus it can get. There are three mining stages namely: mining or extraction, processing and refining involved in this exercise. The major optimisation problems found in surface mining operations are ultimate pit limit problem, cut-off grade optimisation and open pit production scheduling. In order to maximise the output from the three mining stages, there is need to apply mathematical equations and models to optimise the whole process. There are extensive research studies since 1960s on development of mathematical models optimising mining operations. However, the mining industry has not fully appreciated and applied all these optimisation models. This paper highlights the strides made in development of mathematical models in the mining industry and their application. It discusses ways in which the mining industry can increase the application of these models to improve the output generated from the mining projects.
Late-stage synthesis and application of photoreactive probes derived from direct benzoylation of heteroaromatic C–H bonds

A C–H functionalization strategy for the expedient access to photoreactive chemical probes of commonly found heterocyclic fragments or drug molecules of pharmaceutical relevance is described. A series of aryl glyoxylic acid reagents featuring pendant alkyne or azide clickable handles have been developed for application in the radical-mediated appendage of benzoyl fragments onto simple heteroaromatic fragments, as well as more complex drug-like compounds. This unprecedented strategy of chemical probe synthesis allows for direct access to photoreactive chemical probes without any requirement of fragment pre-functionalization or significant synthetic re-evaluation.
Nutrient-Driven O-GlcNAcylation Controls DNA Damage Repair Signaling and Stem/Progenitor Cell Homeostasis

Stem/progenitor cells exhibit high proliferation rates, elevated nutrient uptake, altered metabolic flux, and stress-induced genome instability. O-GlcNAcylation is an essential post-translational modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which act in a nutrient- and stress-responsive manner. The precise role of O-GlcNAc in adult stem cells and the relationship between O-GlcNAc and the DNA damage response (DDR) is poorly understood. Here, we show that hyper-O-GlcNacylation leads to elevated insulin signaling, hyperproliferation, and DDR activation that mimic the glucose- and oxidative-stress-induced response. We discover a feedback mechanism involving key downstream effectors of DDR, ATM, ATR, and CHK1/2 that regulates OGT stability to promote O-GlcNAcylation and elevate DDR. This O-GlcNAc-dependent regulatory pathway is critical for maintaining gut homeostasis in Drosophila and the DDR in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Our findings reveal a conserved mechanistic link among O-GlcNAc cycling, stem cell self-renewal, and DDR with profound implications for stem-cell-derived diseases including cancer.
Notch and the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function

Notch 1 through 4 are transmembrane receptors that play a pivotal role in cell differentiation and function; this review addresses the role of Notch signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families. In the skeleton, Notch signaling controls osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activity either directly acting on osteoclast precursors, or indirectly acting on cells of the osteoblast lineage and cells of the immune system. NOTCH1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis, whereas NOTCH2 enhances osteoclast differentiation and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. NOTCH3 induces the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts and osteocytes and as a result induces osteoclast differentiation. There is limited expression of NOTCH4 in skeletal cells. Selected congenital disorders and skeletal malignancies are associated with dysregulated Notch signaling and enhanced bone resorption. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a critical pathway that controls osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function and regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
Keynote I: Advances in memory state-preserving fault tolerance

Memory state-preserving fault tolerance (MPFT) enables a running process to continue to run without disruption in spite of any failure of the underlying hardware machine or operating system, and is built on the idea of continuous virtual machine migration and epoch-based execution model. Although there has been a commercial implementation of MPFT for some time, its real-world use is not as wide-spread as expected, mainly because its serious performance penalty. In this talk, I will first go over the main limitations of existing MPFT implementations, and then describe an open-source implementation of MPFT that not only supports all basic MPFT functionalities, but also removes all of these limitations.
Does macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to the strap muscles alone affect survival in papillary thyroid carcinoma

Abstract Background Macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to structures adjacent to the thyroid gland is one of the most important predictors of survival in papillary thyroid carcinoma. However, the prognostic significance of macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to strap muscles alone is unknown. The aim of this study is to determine the impact on survival in patients with macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to strap muscles alone compared to those with no macroscopic extrathyroidal extension and macroscopic extrathyroidal extension involving other adjacent structures. Methods After institutional review board approval, adult papillary thyroid carcinoma patients were identified from an institutional database of 6,259 patients undergoing initial surgery for well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma from 1986 to 2015. Patients were classified as having no macroscopic extrathyroidal extension, macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to strap muscles alone, or macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to other adjacent structures. Disease-specific survival was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method and groups were compared using the log-rank test. A P value Results There were 5,880 patients included in the analysis; 5,485 patients (93.3%) in the no macroscopic extrathyroidal extension group, 179 (3.0%) in the macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to strap muscles alone group and 216 (3.7%) in the macroscopic extrathyroidal extension involving other adjacent structures group. With a median follow-up of 64 months, the estimated 10-year disease-specific survival for patients with no macroscopic extrathyroidal extension, macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to strap muscles alone, and macroscopic extrathyroidal extension involving other adjacent structures were 98.9%, 95.7%, and 83.7%, respectively (P Conclusion In our study, patients aged ≥55 years with papillary thyroid carcinoma and macroscopic extrathyroidal extension to strap muscles alone appear to have an increased likelihood of a disease-specific death compared to patients with no macroscopic extrathyroidal extension.
Classify uncertain data with decision tree

This demo presents a decision tree based classification system for uncertain data. Decision tree is a commonly used data classification technique. Tree learning algorithms can generate decision tree models from a training data set. When working on uncertain data or probabilistic data, the learning and prediction algorithms need handle the uncertainty cautiously, or else the decision tree could be unreliable and prediction results may be wrong. In this demo, we will present DTU, a new decision tree based classification and prediction system for uncertain data. This tool uses new measures for constructing, pruning and optimizing decision tree. These new measures are computed considering uncertain data probability distribution functions. Based on the new measures, the optimal splitting attributes and splitting values can be identified and used in the decision tree. We will show in this demo that DTU can process various types of uncertainties and it has satisfactory classification performance even when data is highly uncertain.
THE FALLACY OF “CATCH-UP” GROWTH IN PREMATURE INFANTS

Growth data of 111 premature infants followed for 3 years were analyzed to determine if there is validity to the concept of "catch-up" growth. Weight, height and head circumference were recorded at each visit and converted to Z scores((X-X)/SD) to facilitate comparison of differing age and sex. The age of a child at each visit was "corrected" for prematurity by subtracting the number of weeks premature from the post-natal age to generate a "post-conceptual age." "Post-conceptual age" was used to create new Z scores for all growth parameters at each visit. RESULTS: Growth data evaluated in the traditional manner suggested "catch-up" growth by one year of age. However, data corrected for "post-conceptual age" tended to resemble the growth of full-term children. The corrected growth data of AGA children almost completely approximated normal expected growth, whereas SGA children still demonstrated abnormal growth at 3 years of age, despite correction. SGA females tended to approximate normal growth after correction, whereas SGA males did not. The most significant finding of this study was that when corrected data were plotted on conventional growth charts, the apparent "catch-up" growth was found to be a statistical illusion created by charting growth of premature infants using post-natal age instead of post-conceptual age. This finding has important implications for the follow-up of premature infants and may affect the interpretation and diagnosis of failure-to-thrive.
Both Transforming Growth Factor-β and Substrate Release Are Inducers of Apoptosis in a Human Colon Adenoma Cell Line

Abstract VACO-330, a nontransformed cell line established from a human colon adenoma, undergoes spontaneous apoptosis and shedding of cells into the culture medium. Shed cells were shown to be apoptotic, both by nuclear morphology and by generation of a typical “laddered” pattern of degraded DNA. Quantitation of DNA released into the medium, compared with the amount retained on the plate, demonstrated that 6.2 ± 1.1% of the total cell mass underwent apoptotic death daily. The addition of transforming growth factor β (20 ng/ml) accelerated this spontaneous apoptotic rate 3.2-fold. Moreover, apoptosis could be rapidly induced in up to 45% of the VACO-330 cells by using brief exposure to a calcium chelating medium to release the cells from the substratum. We suggest that transforming growth factor β is a likely physiological regulator of apoptosis during maturation of the colonic epithelial cells. We additionally suggest the existence of an alternate pathway, which at the time of shedding from the crypt induces apoptosis in colonic epithelial cells that have escaped earlier apoptotic signals.
Risk of functional impairment in Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy.

Introduction: Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is one of the most prevalent muscular dystrophies. Nevertheless, little is known about the risk of developing functional impairment. Here we determine the 6-year risk of functional impairment in FSHD. Methods: A retrospective cohort of 313 genetically confirmed, clinically affected FSHD participants in a United States registry between January 2002 and June 2011. Our main outcome was wheelchair (WC) use. Results: The 6-year risk of WC use was 24.0% (95% confidence interval 18.6–29.3). The distribution of WC risk was bimodal, with a peak in the second decade associated with large D4Z4 contractions, followed by an age-related increase in risk. Other functional categories showed moderate risk. Prevalence of hearing aid use and difficulty pronouncing words was increased in large D4Z4 contractions. Conclusions: The 6-year risk of functional impairment in FSHD is moderate, and early WC use is associated with large D4Z4 contractions. Muscle Nerve 49:520–527, 2014
Injuries of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon in 19 horses

Summary Reasons for performing study: Injuries of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon and their relationship to displacement of the tendon from the calcaneus have not previously been reported. Objectives: To describe findings made on clinical cases with disruption of the calcaneal insertions of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) including observations on their role in horses with unstable subluxation of the tendon. To describe novel surgical techniques and the results of treatment. Hypotheses: Disruption of the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT is associated with lameness and distension of the calcaneal bursa. Unstable displacement of the SDFT from the calcaneus is a more complex injury than incomplete disruption of one of its calcaneal insertions. Methods: The case records and diagnostic images of horses with lesions involving the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT, which were confirmed by endoscopic evaluation of calcaneal bursa between 2005 and 2009, were reviewed. Results: Nineteen horses were identified including 7 that had unstable displacement of the tendon from the calcaneus. Following endoscopic surgery, 9 of 12 horses with stable tendons and 6 of 7 horses with unstable displaced SDFTs returned to work. Conclusion: Tearing of the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT is associated with lameness and distension of the calcaneal bursa; endoscopic removal of the torn tissue carries a good prognosis. Horses with unstable displacement of the tendon have also disruption of the tendon fibrocartilage cap. Removal of this results in stable subluxation and can return horses to athletic activity. Both lesions can be detected by preoperative ultrasonography. Potential relevance: Tearing of the calcaneal insertions of the SDFT should be included in the differential diagnoses of lame horses with distended calcaneal bursae. Tearing of the tendon fibrocartilage cap in horses with unstable displacement of the SDFT is a plausible explanation of the clinical features of the injury and explains previously unreliable results of reconstructive surgeries. Subtotal resection is a technically demanding technique but appears to offer an improved prognosis.
"Sometimes the Perspective Changes": Reflections on a Photography Workshop with Multicultural Students in Italy.

0 0 1 113 650 University of South Florida 5 1 762 14.0 Normal 0 false false false EN-US JA X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-font-family:Cambria; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Cambria; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-language:JA;} This article describes and evaluates an 8-week photography workshop, FotoLab, conducted in Italy at an afterschool-tutoring program for students acquiring Italian as an additional language. Seventeen students, age 8-17 and originating from 9 countries, participated. Co-facilitated by three international educator-researchers, FotoLab’s purpose was to promote self-expression, collaboration, and visual literacy. -Through a qualitative inquiry of the FotoLab curriculum, photographs and videos, field notes, and student questionnaires, this article reflects on themes of multiculturalism and multilingualism, collaboration, and visual literacy within a sociocultural animation framework. While expressions of cultural and linguistic identity emerged, findings emphasize the challenges and benefits of teamwork and shared learning. Participants expressed growth in their ability to create and interpret images, a perception affirmed in weekly presentations of their photographs and in a culminating, community event. Overall, outcomes highlight the flexible and dynamic nature of sociocultural animation as an effective practice for multicultural-multilingual contexts.
Innervation and histology of the clitoral-urethal complex: a cross-sectional cadaver study.

Abstract Introduction Despite its central role in sexual function, we lack a description of the nerve distribution and histology for the central components of the clitoris. Aim This study aims to characterize microscopic anatomy of the clitoral–urethral complex (CUC) and aid our understanding of sexual sensation Methods The CUC was excised from three female fresh-frozen cadavers en bloc and prepared in 5-μm longitudinal sections with hematoxylin and eosin and S100 immunohistochemistry for neural elements. Approximately 20 sections were obtained from each specimen. On low power microscopy, the 30 most innervated fields on each section were identified. On high power, the total number of nerves per field was quantified, then was averaged. The histologic characteristics of each clitoral component were described. Two investigators evaluated all specimens. Main Outcome Measures Descriptives of large (≥3 fibers) and small nerves based on location in the CUC. Results Nerve quantification revealed the glans to be the most populated by small nerves (52.1, standard deviation [SD] 26.2). As slices through each specimen moved caudad toward the urethra, the number of small nerves dramatically decreased from 40.4 (SD 10.8) in the body and 29.8 (SD 8.8) (superior CUC) near the bulb to 23.7 (SD 9.8) in the middle CUC and 20.5 (SD 10.4) (inferior CUC) near the urethra. Although the variation in small nerves was striking, large nerves were somewhat uniform and comprised a minority of the overall quantity. Neuroanatomy was consistent for all cadaver specimens. Conclusions Our study provided a description of the nerve distribution throughout the central CUC. Increased density of small nerves in the glans suggests this is the location of heightened sensation. Decreasing quantity of nerves in segments closer to the urethra may indicate these zones are less important for sexual sensation. Knowledge of human clitoral innervation is important for understanding the complexities of the female sexual response cycle. Oakley SH, Mutema GK, Crisp CC, Estanol MV, Kleeman SD, Fellner AN, and Pauls RN. Innervation and histology of the clitoral–urethal complex: A cross-sectional cadaver study. J Sex Med 2013;10:2211–2218.
Diabetic thoracic radiculopathy: Electrodiagnostic study

We investigated the diagnostic value of electromyographic (EMG) examination of the anterior abdominal wall muscles (AWMS) in thoracic radiculopathy and compared it with examination of thoracic paraspinal muscles (TPSM). Technically, examination of AWMS was much easier compared to TPSM. In eight patients with thoracic diabetic radiculopathy at the level of T7-T12, AWMS was abnormal in all and was considered to be diagnostic, whereas AWMS was normal in diabetic lumbar radiculopathy, patients with diabetes mellitus without radiculopathy, patients with unspecified gastrointestinal pain, and patients with musculoskeletal-type back pain. We conclude that EMG evaluation for possible thoracic radiculopathy should include examination of AWMS, and if abnormal, would be of great diagnostic help in patients with unspecified gastrointestinal symptoms.
Coronary artery disease: Appropriate testing for stable ischaemic heart disease

Currently, numerous tests are available for the assessment and triage of patients with stable ischaemic heart disease. National societies in the USA have collaborated to develop appropriate use criteria to give guidance to clinicians about the evidence-based use of these tests.
Morphological variation in Kellicottia longispina

The lengths of the body, the posterior spine and the three longest anterior spines were measured for 25 specimens of Kellicottia longispina from each of the eight lakes distributed from Imikpuk at Point Barrow, Alaska (latitude 71° 15′) to Lake Washington (latitude 47° 38′). Collections were available for more than two dates from six of the lakes. Temperature ranged from 1.2° to 18 °C. Mean lengths and ratios were examined in relation to latitude and temperature. Each population differed from the others in some aspect of absolute size, variability, or shape as expressed by the ratios of the dimensions. The population from Point Barrow is similar but not identical to Olofsson's var. heterospina.
Nature of the residue of [14C]cloransulam-methyl in lactating goats.

Two lactating goats were given a daily oral dose of either [UL-aniline-(14)C; AN] or [triazolopyrimidine-7,9-(14)C; TP]cloransulam-methyl for 5 consecutive days. Each animal received a dietary equivalent of approximately 10 mg/kg of test material, approximately 2225 times the realistic maximum dietary exposure for a dairy animal. Milk, urine, and feces samples were collected in the morning and afternoon for each animal. Each goat was sacrificed within 23 h of receiving the last dose, and the liver, kidneys, samples of blood, fat, muscle, and gastrointestinal tract contents, and urine from the bladder were collected. All of these samples were analyzed for (14)C content. Cloransulam-methyl (CM) was rapidly excreted by the animals, with 99.9% of the recovered radioactivity appearing in the urine and feces. Radiochemical analysis showed very low residues, with the highest being in the kidneys at 0.122 and 0. 128 mg equiv of CM/kg (AN and TP labeled compounds, respectively). Radioactive residues were extracted and fractionated from kidney, liver, and milk. Analysis showed approximately 0.066 mg/kg CM in the kidney but <0.003 mg/kg in the liver. Only one metabolite, cloransulam, was identified (in liver, 9.5% of total radioactive residue; 0.005 mg/kg). All other metabolites were present at lower levels. Sulfonanilide bridge cleavage was not a significant degradation route for cloransulam-methyl in ruminants. These data indicated a very low bioaccumulation potential for cloransulam-methyl and its metabolites in ruminants. For a ruminant exposed to anticipated levels of cloransulam-methyl in its diet, parent and metabolites, in total, would not be expected to exceed 50 ng/kg in the kidney and liver.
Discriminator Detection of Wide-Band PCM/FM

Error probability for discriminator detection of PCM/FM is considered for those cases in which the IF bandwidth-bit duration product b0 ?? 1, and the effect of low-pass filtering is included. The analytical results are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The optimum deviation ratio and the effect of premodulation filtering are also considered.
Microprocessors circa 2000

The authors examine the trends that they believe will lead to microprocessors with a projected 50 million transistors on a die measuring 1 in/sup 2/ which could incorporate multiple processors with an aggregate performance of over 2000 million instructions per second (MIPS). They propose a new law of computing and semiconductors: 'every concept proved useful in mainframe or minicomputers has migrated or will migrate onto the microprocessor'. They discuss developments that break systems bottlenecks, increased performance demands, increasing speed, reliability challenges, interconnection problems, and design and test issues. >
A happy medium: The sociology of Charles Horton Cooley

The career, teaching, and writing of Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929), sociologist at the University of Michigan, show that a middle ground between broadly integrative, general knowledge and specialized knowledge prevailed well into the early twentieth century, both at the level of professional social science and within the modern university curriculum. Cooley's social science rested upon introspection and the study of art and literature, and he eschewed the drift of social science toward behaviorism and quantification. As a university professor, he conceived of specialized knowledge within the context of general culture, not in opposition to it.
Fractionation of viral-specific ribonucleic acid by cesium sulfate equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation

The buoyant densities in cesium sulfate of various RNA components in R17 bacteriophage -infected Escherichia coli are : replicative form, 1·606 g cm −3 ; replicative intermediate, 1·616 g cm −3 ; R17 RNA, 1·630 g cm −3 ; and ribosomal RNA, 1·663 g cm −3 . After purification by cesium sulfate equilibrium density-gradient centrifugation, the replicative intermediate retains its characteristic sedimentation properties. [ 3 H]uridine incorporated into replicative intermediate molecules during a short pulse displays a high resistance to ribonuclease, that in the 23 s molecules being less resistant than that in 16 s. The fractionation of RNA with cesium sulfate density-gradients is compared to fractionation by 1 M -sodium chloride.
Cloning and Characterization of a Potential Transcriptional Activator of Human γ-Globin Genes

Hybrids produced by fusing human fetal erythroblasts (HFE) with mouse erythroleukemia (MEL) cells initially produce predominantly or exclusively human gamma-globin and switch to human beta globin expression as time in culture advances. One explanation for the initially predominant expression of gamma-globin gene in these hybrids is the presence of trans-acting factors that activate gamma-globin gene transcription. We used differential display of hybrids before and after the gamma to beta switch as well as fetal liver and adult erythroblasts to identify cDNAs that could be candidates for potential gamma gene activators. Identically sized amplicons which were present in fetal liver erythroblasts and in the hybrids expressing only gamma-globin but were absent in the adult erythroblasts and in the same hybrids after they had switched to beta globin expression were cloned and sequenced. Fifty pairs of cDNAs fitting these criteria were chosen for further analysis. The sequences of the two members of 48 pairs differed from each other, revealing the low efficiency of this experimental approach. One clone pair coded for human proteosome subunit X. The second pair coded for a protein containing an acidic domain in the N-terminus and three consecutive CDC10/SW16/ankyrin repeats in the C-terminus. Transactivation assays in the yeast hybrid system and transient transfection assays in COS cells showed that a potent trans-activating domain resides in the N-terminus of this protein. Northern blot and RT-PCR assays showed that this gene is expressed in several fetal tissues but not in adult tissues. Stable transfection assays provided evidence that the product of this gene may increase the level of gamma mRNA in HFE x MEL cell hybrids that undergo the gamma to beta switch, suggesting that this new gene encodes a protein that may function as gamma gene activator.
Theory and Algorithms for L1 Fitting Used for Planar Datum Establishment in Support of Tolerancing Standards

We present the theory and algorithms for establishing a datum plane consistent with ASME Y14.5 standard definitions. Such a datum plane will correspond to a planar datum feature sampled with coordinate data that is weighted. The method uses a one-sided minimization search based on the L1 (L1) norm. We prove that the problem reduces to a simple minimization search between the weighted centroid and the convex hull. The practice of unweighted fitting works well enough when point sampling is controlled and can thus be made uniform (e.g., using a discrete point contact Coordinate Measuring Machine). However, we show by example that nonuniformly sampled points (arising from many new measurement technologies) coupled with unweighted fitting can lead to erroneous results. When needed, the algorithms presented also solve the unweighted cases simply by assigning the value one to each weight. Terse Mathematica code is included for the reader. The code is sufficient for constrained and unconstrained planar fitting as well as a 3-2-1 datum reference frame generation, which is also described in detail. We additionally prove convergence from the discrete to continuous cases of datum establishment as the point sampling becomes dense.© 2013 ASME
Comment on “Comparison of Time Series and Random‐Vibration Theory Site‐Response Methods” by Albert R. Kottke and Ellen M. Rathje

Methods of site‐response analysis require theoretical and empirical testing and validation before they can be used in seismic‐hazard assessment. Comparison of site amplification functions (SAFs) calculated using earthquake data recorded by seismic arrays with SAF obtained using analytical approaches represent the most important tests of reliability of those methods. High‐quality, low‐amplitude earthquake data recorded by the Treasure Island (TI) downhole array between 1993 and 2010 were used for comparisons with the two versions of the equivalent linear (EQL) site‐response methods implemented in the computer program STRATA (Kottke and Rathje, 2008; Rathje and Kottke, 2013): Use of the TS approach in STRATA matches well the empirically determined SAF between the bedrock and the surface. The STRATA version of the RVT approach can produce a significantly different SAF from the empirically determined and the TS approach. Further testing of different realizations of the RVT method is desirable to assess the method’s reliability and limitations. The paper of Kottke and Rathje (2013) raises a very important issue of comparison of the two site‐response analysis approaches: classical TS SHAKE‐type (Idriss and Seed, 1968; Idriss and Sun, 1992) and RVT (Vanmarcke, 1975; Der Kiureghian, 1980; Hanks and McGuire, 1981). These approaches represent two versions of EQL site‐response analyses. I found this discussion timely, because more and more probabilistic seismic‐hazard projects, including those for critical facilities, use the RVT approach. Kottke and Rathje (2013) properly pointed out that the fact that the RVT site‐response analysis does not require input TS makes it an attractive alternative to the TS approach. Nevertheless, the main questions are:
Pressure dependence of Raman scattering by chromium-doped halide elpasolite crystals

Abstract Raman spectra of the halide elpasolites Cs 2 NaYCl 6 , K 2 NaGaF 6 and K 2 NaScF 6 are recorded as functions of pressure in a diamond-anvil cell. A value of the ratio of Gruneisen parameter and bulk modulus is derived for each of the four Raman-active modes from the rate of increase of its vibration frequency with pressure. Frequencies of an a 1 g local mode and a t 2 g resonance mode are also determined as functions of pressure.
Stimulatory effect of latex and zymosan particles on cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate content in human granulocytes.

Abstract Human polymorphonuclear leukocytes respond to latex beads and opsonized zymosan particles with increased cyclic AMP formation. The enhancement of cyclic AMP content in cells is related to particle concentration in the incubation medium and to the time of exposure. The temporary stimulation declines after 15 min of phagocytosis, that is in good relation to the uptake of latex particles which reaches saturation point 10 min after the addition of the beads. The cyclic AMP content in granulocytes decreases after between 15 and 30 min of incubation with latex particles. The decrease is not caused by the loss of the granulocyte viability for: (a) the incorporation of labeled methyldeoxythymidine and uridine into macromolecules continues, (b) the sensitivity of phagocytosing granulocytes to prostaglandin E1 stimulation of cyclic AMP production persists, (c) less than 10% of cells absorbs trypan blue dye after phagocytosis of latex beads. The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors, aspirin and indomethacin, have no effect on cyclic AMP content in phagocytosing granulocytes.
The effects of selected inhibitors on cellulose microfibril assembly in Boergesenia forbesii (Chlorophyta) protoplasts

Protoplasts of Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) were treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis in order to investigate their effects on cellulose synthesis. Cellulose synthesis was reversibly inhibited by 10 μM cycloheximide as assayed by fluorescence microscopy of Tinopal binding to cellulose. Freeze fracture and image analysis of cycloheximide- treated cells indicated a reduction in the number of intramembrane particles; however, the terminal synthesizing complexes remained at all times. Treatment with 10 μM actinomycin D, when applied during the first hour of protoplast formation, irreversibly inhibits cellulose synthesis and terminal complex formation. De novo protein synthesis is required for cell wall regeneration by protoplasts. The data suggest that the structural subunits visualized in the terminal complex do not undergo significant turnover, but that there may exist an essential proteinaceous component of cellulose synthesis which must be continually renewed.
Improved post-silicon power modeling using AC lock-in techniques

The objective of power modeling is to estimate the power consumption of integrated circuits under different workloads and variabilities. Post-silicon power modeling is an essential step for design validation and for building trustable pre-silicon power models and analyses. One popular approach for devising post-silicon power estimates is to translate the thermal emissions from the backside of the die into power estimates. Such approach faces a major physical challenge arising from spatial heat diffusion which blurs the resultant thermal images. The objective of this paper is to improve post-silicon power mapping by utilizing lock-in thermography techniques where AC signals, rather than DC signals, are used to excite the circuit blocks. We prove and demonstrate that using AC excitation sources reduces the extent of spatial heat diffusion. We devise a lock-in based thermal to power inversion methodology that maps spatial power consumption on a real chip. Using a custom test chip, we are to able to scientifically quantify and validate the improvements in power mapping attained from the proposed techniques. We show that our technique reduces the power mapping errors by more than half.
The effect of temperature on the toxicity of chlorinated cooling waters to marine animals — A preliminary review

Abstract The effect of temperature on the toxicity of free chlorine and chloramine to several species of marine animals is reviewed. For all species tested, except the copepod Acartia tonsa, temperature has a synergistic effect on the toxicity of both halogen forms. It is suggested that the effect of temperature in enhancing the toxic effects of chlorinated cooling waters to marine animals is due to an interaction of uptake rates and regulation of physiological rates and the greatest enhancement in sensitivity could be expected at the upper limit of a species' thermal tolerance.
Preparation of the metastable compound Au3Si by quenching liquid droplets of a Au–25 at.% Si allow into water

Liquid droplets of a Au–25 at.% Si alloy have been quenched into water at room temperature. Metallographic examination has shown that some of the droplets are single phase and have the cellular structure characteristic of alloys which have been deeply under-cooled during solidification. X-ray diffraction was used to show that this phase is the orthorhombic metastable compound Au3Si.
"PERSUADER SANS CONVAINCRE": A ROUSSEAUAN APPROACH TO THE INSOLUBLE PROBLEM OF THE SOCIAL CONTRACT

rT nHE insoluble problem of the Social Contract1 finds its most striking formulation in the familiar matrix of the Prisoners' Dilemma Game (PDG): Reflecting on the multiple symmetrical confrontations between single individuals and the anonymous collectivity in the State of Nature, the dominance of a strategy of defection clearly bars the possibility of the emergence of a cooperative Civil Society.2 Attempts to clear up or clear away this fundamental problem of collective action abound. At stake is not merely a plausible historical reconstruction, but, more importantly, a normative justification: the quest is for an argument supporting voluntary civic and ethical behavior, independent of necessarily fallible external controls. Happily, this latter task admits of a Humean corrective: if no rational explanation of the initial emergence of political norms is found, at least a rational justification for their continued maintenance by self-interested individuals should be provided. The problem in this formulation is part of the tradition of political philosophy since the forceful appearance of Callicles and Trasymachus, though the ancients never considered the emergence of society for them a natural process its equivalent. Only the rise of the notion of consent as the sole ground of legitimacy forced the
Brief report: coronary heart disease events associated with hormone therapy in younger and older women. A meta-analysis

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of hormone therapy (HT) on coronary heart disease (CHD) events in younger and older postmenopausal women.