cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Environmental Productivity, Population Regulation, and Carrying Capacity

Carrying capacity, as used by anthropologists, is a label for two different concepts: a measure of environmental productivity, and a description of equilibrial population density. Additionally, carrying capacity is sometimes defined by reference to the preservation of the balance of nature. The confusion surrounding these ideas conceals some common but dubious axioms of human ecology, which are isolated here for consideration. ROBERT E. DEWAR is Associate Professor. Department of Anthropology. University of Connecticut, Storrs. CT 06268.
Enhanced Coupling Effect between Plasmonic and Dielectric Nanocylinders

Surface plasmons have been used to enhance the surface sensitivity of several spectroscopic measurements including fluorescence, Raman scattering, and second harmonic generation. However, in their simplest form, SPR reflectivity measurements can be used to detect proteins by the changes in the local index of refraction upon adsorption of the target molecule to the metal surface. If the surface is patterned with different biopolymers, the technique is called Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging (SPRI).
Partitioning of manganese, iron, copper, zinc, lead, cobalt, and nickel in black coatings on stream boulders in the vicinity of the Magruder mine, Lincoln Co., Georgia

Abstract Sequential digestions of Fe-Mn oxide coated boulders collected upstream and downstream from the Magruder mine, Lincoln Co., Georgia, indicate probable partitioning relationships for Zn, Cu, Pb, Co, and Ni with respect to Mn and Fe. Initial digestion with 0.1M hydroxylamine hydrochloride (Hxl) in 0.01M HNO3 selectively dissolyes Mn oxides, whereas subsequent digestion with 1:4 HCl dissolves remaining Fe oxides. The results indicate that partitioning is not constant, but varies systematically with respect to the location of metal-rich waters derived from sulfide mineralization. Upstream from the mineralized zone Zn and Ni are distinctly partitioned to the Fe oxide component and Co and Cu are partitioned to the Mn oxide component. Immediately downstream from the mineralized zone, Mn oxides become relatively more enriched in Zn, whereas Fe oxides are relatively more enriched in Cu, Co, and Ni. Analytical precision for Pb is poor, but available data suggests it is more closely associated with Fe oxides. For routine geochemical surveys utilizing coated surfaces, a one-step digestion method is probably adequate. Parameters useful for detecting sulfide mineralization are metal concentrations normalized to surface area or various ratios (e.g. Zn/(Mn + Fe), Cu/Mn, Pb/Fe). Ratios can be obtained much faster, and at lower analytical costs than conventional analysis of stream sediment.
A Novel Direct Torque Control Strategy for Doubly-Fed Wound Rotor Induction Machines

In this paper, a novel direct torque control of doubly- fed wound rotor induction machines is studied. A rotor unity power factor based direct torque control strategy is proposed. By keeping the rotor power factor to be one, a switching-table- based hysteresis direct torque control system is built and the corresponding rotor voltage vector table is obtained. The feasibility of the proposed method is tested through Simulink simulations. Such a control strategy show several significant advantages. As only the feedback signals of the rotor side are required by the control, the system is simple. Due to the unity rotor power factor, the capacity of the inverter is reduced to the lowest level. The stator voltage and current waveforms are kept sinusoidal, which reduces the harmonic pollution to power grids.
Münchausen syndrome presenting with chronic pain: case report.

A factitious disorder is one that has been fabricated or simulated by the patient. Munchausen syndrome is a subtype of factitious disorder. This syndrome has not previously been described in relationship to chronic pain/chronic pain treatment units. Such a patient is presented, and the clues to the identification of this syndrome within chronic pain patients are presented.
The Impact of Measurement Biases on Availability for Category III LAAS

"The original error description for the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) assumed unbiased measurement errors. In practice, however, satellite ranging errors may exhibit nonzero means. The LAAS error bound must account for these biases. This requirement places a particularly stringent demand on Category III (CAT III) LAAS, a future LAAS variant that will enable safe automated landing through rollout. This paper examines the availability impact of biases on CAT III LAAS. To provide an upper limit for tolerable LAAS biases, the paper first considers an improved LAAS messaging structure and asks, for this ideal case, what maximum level of bias is tolerable. Even in the ideal case, the maximum bias at worst-case CONUS airports is only 4-8 cm. This baseline case assumes a nominal LAAS error distribution and a relaxed Vertical Alert Limit (VAL) of 10 m. To tolerate larger biases, improvements to the nominal LAAS are required. For instance, a dual-frequency LAAS implementation can tolerate biases as high as 14-30 cm, even with a tighter VAL of 5.3 m. Tolerable biases for nonideal bounding algorithms are also considered. In order to achieve ideal performance, the LAAS message must be changed to transmit bias parameters to the airborne user. Preferably, the biasprotection algorithm would not require modification of the existing LAAS specification. Sigma inflation methods represent an alternative to bias-parameter transmission that requires no LAAS specification change but, consequently, that delivers somewhat lower bias tolerance. Performance varies widely for different classes of sigma inflation. Simulations indicate that the bestperforming sigma inflation method (real-time positiondomain inflation) nearly matches the bias tolerance possible with bias-parameter transmission. Unlike biasparameter transmission, however, the bias tolerance for sigma-inflation methods depends strongly on possessing precise knowledge of the airborne error, sair, at the LAAS ground facility (LGF)."
Expected revenue of all-pay auctions and first-price sealed-bid auctions with budget constraints

We show that all-pay auctions dominate first-price sealed-bid auctions when bidders face budget constraints. This ranking is explained by the fact that budget constraints bind less frequently in the all-pay auctions, which leads to more aggressive bidding in that format.
A Least-Squares Estimation Approach to Improving the Precision of Inverse Dynamics Computations

A least-squares approach to computing inverse dynamics is proposed. The method utilizes equations of motion for a multi-segment body, incorporating terms for ground reaction forces and torques. The resulting system is overdetermined at each point in time, because kinematic and force measurements outnumber unknown torques, and may be solved using weighted least squares to yield estimates of the joint torques and joint angular accelerations that best match measured data. An error analysis makes it possible to predict error magnitudes for both conventional and least-squares methods. A modification of the method also makes it possible to reject constant biases such as those arising from misalignment of force plate and kinematic measurement reference frames. A benchmark case is presented, which demonstrates reductions in joint torque errors on the order of 30 percent compared to the conventional Newton-Euler method, for a wide range of noise levels on measured data. The advantages over the Newton-Euler method include making best use of all available measurements, ability to function when less than a full complement of ground reaction forces is measured, suppression of residual torques acting on the top-most body segment, and the rejection of constant biases in data.
Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Plasmonic and Sensing Applications

The localized surface plasmon resonance of a silver nanoparticle is responsible for its ability to strongly absorb and scatter light at specific wavelengths. The absorption and scattering spectra (i.e., plots of cross sections as a function of wavelength) of a particle can be predicted using Mie theory (for a spherical particle) or the discrete dipole approximation method (for particles in arbitrary shapes). In this review, we briefly discuss the calculated spectra for silver nanoparticles with different shapes and the synthetic methods available to produce these nanoparticles. As validated in recent studies, there is good agreement between the theoretically calculated and the experimentally measured spectra. We conclude with a discussion of new plasmonic and sensing applications enabled by the shape-controlled nanoparticles.
Seawater pH sensor based on the long period grating in a single-mode-multimode-single-mode structure

A pH sensor is developed based on the long-period grating (LPG) inscribed into a single-mode–multimode–single-mode (SMS) structure in order to measure the pH in seawater. The LPG is formed by using a focused CO2 laser at LPG's critical period (1 mm). The transmission characteristics are similar to that of a multimode fiber. However, the SMS structure has a higher sensitivity because mode coupling only happens between the fundamental mode and higher-order modes in the SMS structure. The pH-sensitive hydrogel is made by the thermal cross-link of poly vinyl alcohol and poly acrylic acid. This sensor has been utilized in seawater pH sensing in the range of 6–8. Experiments have confirmed that the sensor is sensitive and repeatable.
Immunotoxic destruction of distinct catecholamine subgroups produces selective impairment of glucoregulatory responses and neuronal activation.

The toxin-antibody complex anti-d(beta)h-saporin (DSAP) selectively destroys d(beta)h-containing catecholamine neurons. To test the role of specific catecholamine neurons in glucoregulatory feeding and adrenal medullary secretion, we injected DSAP, unconjugated saporin (SAP), or saline bilaterally into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVH) or spinal cord (T2-T4) and subsequently tested rats for 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG)-induced feeding and blood glucose responses. Injections of DSAP into the PVH abolished 2DG-induced feeding, but not hyperglycemia. 2DG-induced Fos expression was profoundly reduced or abolished in the PVH, but not in the adrenal medulla. The PVH DSAP injections caused a nearly complete loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons in the area of A1/C1 overlap and severe reduction of A2, C2, C3 (primarily the periventricular portion), and A6 cell groups. Spinal cord DSAP blocked 2DG-induced hyperglycemia but not feeding. 2DG-induced Fos-ir was abolished in the adrenal medulla but not in the PVH. Spinal cord DSAP caused a nearly complete loss of TH-ir in cell groups A5, A7, subcoeruleus, and retrofacial C1 and a partial destruction of C3 (primarily the ventral portion) and A6. Saline and SAP control injections did not cause deficits in 2DG-induced feeding, hyperglycemia, or Fos expression and did not damage catecholamine neurons. DSAP eliminated d(beta)h immunoreactivity but did not cause significant nonspecific damage at injection sites. The results demonstrate that hindbrain catecholamine neurons are essential components of the circuitry for glucoprivic control of feeding and adrenal medullary secretion and indicate that these responses are mediated by different subpopulations of catecholamine neurons.
Multipass optical parametric amplifier.

A compact, low-threshold, multipass optical parametric amplifier has been developed for the conversion of short-pulse (360-ps) 1064-nm Nd:YAG laser radiation into eye-safe 1572-nm radiation for laser ranging and radar applications. The amplifier had a threshold pump power of as low as 45 μJ, and at three to four times this threshold pump power the amplifier converted 30% of the input 1064-nm radiation into 1572-nm output radiation.
Destructive Trade and Its Effects on the Global Economy

This lecture was offered in honor of Professor Robert Mundell; a most fitting coincidence since the speaker was his classmate at MIT in 1955, exactly 55 years ago, and the topic emanated from our joint study with Professors Kindleberger and Samuelson at that time. The essence of the presentation can be summarized in its significant conclusions. The theory of comparative advantage as applied to real-world phenomena—and its practical free-trade recommendations—must be rejected or at least questioned, especially when it comes to trade between the advanced and the developing economies. The more realistic, even if less elegant mathematically, theory of Destructive Trade—explained in the lecture—should be a better guide in defining world trade solutions and leading us in the long run out of the present global crisis.
Evidence for TGF‐ß1 and bleomycin intracellular signaling through autocrine regulation of Smad 3 binding to the proximal promoter of the Smad 7 gene

Both Bleomycin and TGF-β1 increase the transcription of the COL1A1 gene. Bleomycin acts through TGF-β1. Bleomycin stimulates the COL1A1 promoter through the distal TGF-β response element by intracellular and extracellular signaling. As demonstrated in this manuscript, Bleomycin's intracellular signaling can be explained by a decrease of Smad 3 transcription factor binding to the SBE located in the proximal promoter of the inhibitory Smad 7 gene. This would result in TGF-β1-induced activated SMADS, which would result in more collagen. Bleomycin's extracellular signaling results from the secretion of more latent TGF-β produced by lung fibroblasts and cleaved to active TGF-β extracellularly. Since the TGF-β genes are auto-induced in human embryonic IMR-90 lung fibroblasts, this study indicates an autocrine mechanism to maintain homeostasis in vivo for fibroblasts and other cell types, which produce TGF-β1 to limit the fibrogenic response to TGF-β1 and Bleomycin. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 933–939, 2006. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Comparative energy costs of stem cuttings, seedlings and seeds as propagules in woody biomass plantations

Abstract Estimation of the energy required to produce stem cuttings of eastern cottonwood ( Populus deltoides Bartr.) is made. These costs ranged from 0·592 MJ to 0·803 MJ per cutting. Ways to reduce this energy cost are discussed and comparisons with the energy necessary for seedlings and seeds are made. The energy required for production of seeds is estimated to be 0·18% and 0·79% of the energy required to produce stem cuttings and 1-0 seedlings, respectively. Finally, use of direct seeding as a high density wood bioenergy establishment mode is discussed.
Analyzing the performance of ultrasonic B-mode imaging for breast lesion diagnosis

We studied the efficiency of transferring task information from each stage of the ultrasonic imaging to another by computing the total task energy available at each stage. We computed the task-energy efficiency for the B-mode data with respect to RF data as an expression to predict performance efficiency. We also measured performance efficiency of B-mode image observers with that of ideal observer of the RF data using both analytical SNR expressinos and Monte-Carlo expreriment over a range of visual tasks related to breast lesion diagnosis. The performance efficiency results are compared with the prediction from task-energy efficiency and information efficiency. It is shown that task-energy efficiency can closely predict the performance efficiency especially for large-area tasks.
Approach to the patient with acute limb ischemia: diagnosis and therapeutic modalities

Good patient outcomes depend on the rapidity and completeness with which re-establishment of arterial blood flow to the limbs occurs. Patients with a greater magnitude of ischemic tissue--such as with an acute aortic occlusion--have worse outcomes than patients with a segmental artery occlusion such as a popliteal arterial thrombosis. Limb loss is high in any situation in which a delay in diagnosis occurs. It is unclear whether or not endovascular therapy will supercede traditional surgery because the etiologies of ALI are too broad to make sweeping conclusions at this time. The author and others [14,15], including those who have promulgated the use of thrombolytic therapy, have come to reasonable conclusions regarding how to deal with ALI: The diagnosis of ALI should be established rapidly. Determine its classification based on the patient's history and physical examination, and promptly institute anticoagulant therapy. Determine whether or not the patient should be taken emergently for surgical thromboembolectomy or a revascularization procedure versus arteriogram and possible thrombolysis. Adjunctive therapy such as antiplatelet agents (e.g., GIIb/IIIa antagonists) and other anticoagulant agents must be better investigated before recommendations can be made. Save life over limb. Emergent guillotine amputation is sometimes required to save a patient's life.
Resilience to the effects of social stress: Evidence from clinical and preclinical studies on the role of coping strategies

The most common form of stress encountered by people stems from one's social environment and is perceived as more intense than other types of stressors. One feature that may be related to differential resilience or vulnerability to stress is the type of strategy used to cope with the stressor, either active or passive coping. This review focuses on models of social stress in which individual differences in coping strategies produce resilience or vulnerability to the effects of stress. Neurobiological mechanisms underlying these individual differences are discussed. Overall, the literature suggests that there are multiple neural mechanisms that underlie individual differences in stress-induced resilience and vulnerability. How these mechanisms interact with one another to produce a resilient or vulnerable phenotype is not understood and such mechanisms have been poorly studied in females and in early developmental periods. Finally, we propose that resilience may be stress context specific and resilience phenotypes may need to be fine-tuned to suit a shifting environment.
Chemical bonding in bismuth telluride

Abstract A model for the chemical bondins in bismuth telluride is proposed which appears to dispose of some of the difficulties involved in earlier models. The new model is used to explain some of the properties of bismuth telluride and of its alloys with bismuth selenide.
Effect of oxygen and endotoxin on lactate dehydrogenase release, 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake, and antioxidant enzyme activities in endothelial cells

We compared the effects of 95% O2 (hyperoxia) alone, endotoxin (20 ng/ml) alone, and 95% O2 plus endotoxin on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and antioxidant enzyme activities in porcine pulmonary arterial and aortic endothelial cells in monolayer culture. Hyperoxia increased LDH release and decreased 5-HT in both endothelial cell types. Hyperoxia also caused a decrease in catalase (CAT) activity and an increase in total superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH-Red) activities in both cell types. Endotoxin alone had no effect on LDH release, 5-HT uptake, or antioxidant enzyme activities. However, endotoxin prevented the hyperoxic increase in LDH release and the hyperoxia decrease in 5-HT uptake. Endotoxin plus 95% O2 had no consistent effect on the antioxidant enzyme profile in pulmonary artery or aortic endothelial cells. These results indicate that (1) hyperoxia injures both pulmonary artery and aortic endothelial cells in culture and causes changes in the antioxidant enzyme profile that are similar in the two cell types; (2) hyperoxia-induced decreases in CAT activity and increases in SOD activity may be responsible for increased sensitivity of endothelial cells to O2 toxicity; and (3) endotoxin protects against hyperoxic injury to endothelial cells in vitro, but increases in antioxidant enzyme activities are not the mechanism for this protection.
Mao Receives 2007 Inge Lehmann Medal

The Inge Lehmann Medal is awarded in recognition of “outstanding contributions to the understanding of the structure, composition, and dynamics of the Earth's mantle and core.” When Ho-kwang (Dave) Mao completed his Ph.D. in 1968 at the University of Rochester and moved to the Geophysical Laboratory, a revolution in how we could achieve that understanding was in the making. Over the following four decades, Dave Mao redefined solid Earth geophysics, demonstrating that the mantle and core are accessible in the laboratory through direct study of their components at high pressures and temperatures. Through diverse, ingenious experimentation, this journey to the center of the planet has revealed the many dramatic ways that Earth materials transform under extreme conditions and established a materials-based understanding of the deep interior.
Never Waste a Crisis

Computer security crises can be opportunities to improve a company's security and strengthen its commitment to security. Some general guidelines, along with lessons from the JBIG2 incident, can help you reach these goals.
Genetic risk factors in inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms: Polymorphic residue 70 in the HLA-DR B1 gene as a key genetic element

Abstract Purpose: Evidence of a genetic predisposition to the development of inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) exists as a positive family history in 17% of patients. Familial clustering and other similarities between inflammatory AAAs and giant cell arteritis (GCA), which possesses a genetic risk determinant mapped to the HLA-DR molecule, suggest a role of genetic risk factors in inflammatory AAAs. The purpose of this study was to explore whether patients with inflammatory AAAs express disease-relevant genes associated with the HLA-DR region on the short arm of chromosome 6. Methods: Thirty-seven patients with histomorphologic findings of inflammatory AAA at operation were genotyped for the polymorphism of the HLA-DR B1 and HLA-DQ B1 alleles and compared to ethnically matched, healthy control subjects (n = 90). Results: Distribution of HLA-DR B1 alleles was nonrandom in patients with inflammatory AAAs versus control subjects. The HLA-DR B1 alleles B1*15 and B1*0404 were enriched in patients with inflammatory AAAs compared with control subjects (47% versus 27%, and 14% versus 3%; p HLA-DR B1 gene showed relevance at amino acid position 70. HLA-DR B1 alleles overrepresented in patients with inflammatory AAAs express a glutamine substitution at position 70, whereas alleles disfavored in the patient cohort express a negatively charged aspartic acid. Distribution of HLA-DQ B1 alleles were indistinguishable in patients and control subjects. Conclusion: These data indicate that a genetic risk determinant can be mapped to the HLA-DR B1 locus in patients with inflammatory AAAs. This association suggests a critical contribution of antigen binding in the pathogenesis of this disease. (J Vasc Surg 1997;25:356-64.)
Identification of genes and variants associated with quantitative traits using Bayesian factor screening

We propose a factor-screening method based on a Bayesian model selection framework and apply it to Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 simulated data with unrelated individuals to identify genes and SNP variants associated with the quantitative trait Q1. A Metropolis-Hasting algorithm is implemented to generate a posterior distribution in a restricted model space and thus the marginal posterior distribution of each variant. Our framework provides flexibility to make inferences on either individual variants or genes. We obtained results for 10 simulated data sets. Our methods are able to identify FTP1 and KDR, two genes that are associated with Q1 in a majority of replicates.
Rat and human liver vitamin K epoxide reductase: inhibition by thiol blockers and vitamin K1.

Abstract 1. 1. Reduction of vitamin K, 1 2,3-epoxide by rat and human liver vitamin K epoxide reductase is inhibited by N -ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide. 2. 2. Both enzymes are protected from inhibition by N -ethylmaleimide by vitamin K 1 or vitamin K 1 2,3-epoxide. 3. 3. Vitamin K 1 inhibits reduction of vitamin K 1 2,3-epoxide to vitamin K 1 which suggests product inhibition of the enzyme.
Electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption studies of film-type carbon replicas with large pore volume synthesized by using colloidal silica and SBA-15 as templates

Abstract Mesoporous carbons synthesized by the film-type replication of colloidal silica and SBA-15 templates are studied by electron microscopy and nitrogen adsorption. This synthesis strategy involves the formation of thin carbon film on the pore walls of these templates using resorcinol–crotonaldehyde polymer as carbon precursor. For the silica templates consisting of 20–80 nm colloids this synthesis affords carbons with extremely large pore volumes (5–9 cm3/g) and uniform spherical pores reproducing the size of the colloids used.
Kinetic analysis of aluminum complex formation with different soil fulvic acids

Abstract A fluorescence technique was used to investigate the complex formation kinetics of aluminum with fulvic acids isolated from different forest soil environments. In the pH range of 2.4–3.6, all of the fulvic acids were found to contain two kinetically distinguishable components, which define two types of average aluminum binding sites. Both of these average sites on all of the fulvic acids conformed to a bidentate chelating binding site kinetic analysis, from which average rate and equilibrium parameters were obtained. Evidence indicated that the difference in reaction rate between the two types of aluminum binding sites on the fulvic acids was due to a steric strain, whereby aluminum was repelled from the slower reacting sites. In comparing this study with a similar kinetic study carried out in acetate buffered solutions, it was found that the presence of buffer changed both the overall mechanism by which aluminum reacted with fulvic acid, and the nature of the sites on fulvic acid that bind aluminum.
Estimates of intensity, wavelength, and bandwidth scaling of Brillouin backscatter

A simple nonlinear, one-dimensional spherical Brillouin-backscatter model adapted from kinetic simulations and Kruer's theory to a fluid code (LASNEX) is described. Laser absorption and Brillouin reflection are plotted for $0.265 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}l{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{0}l10.6 \ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ and 3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{13}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{16}$ W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ on gold disks (pulse length=1 nsec) and the calculated absorption is compared with experiments. Kinetic simulations suggest methods of reducing the Brillouin backscatter, such as use of a wide bandwidth and multiline laser.
Constructive Interference: Wikis And Service Learning In The Technical Communication Classroom

Four service-learning projects were conducted in technical communication courses using wikis. Results confirm previous findings that wikis improve collaboration, help develop student expertise, and enact a “writing with the community” service-learning paradigm. However, wikis did not decenter the writing classroom as predicted by previous work. Instructors using wikis to scaffold client projects should calibrate standards for evaluation with students and client, and they may need to encourage clients to stay active on the wiki.
Synchronous bilateral tonsil squamous cell carcinoma.

Objective We discuss the treatment and pathology of simultaneous bilateral metastatic palatine tonsil carcinoma. The current literature of the diagnosis and management of unknown primary oropharyngeal neoplasms is reviewed including the role of positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Study design Squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) of the palatine tonsil typically presents as a unilateral mass in the oropharynx or as a mass in the ipsilateral neck indicating a lymph node involved with metastasis. The carcinoma rarely presents with involvement of the contralateral lymph nodes, and this situation typically is present only in very advanced local disease. Simultaneous discontiguous disease involving both palatine tonsils is exceedingly rare with less than five cases reported in the medical literature. Methods Case report and literature review Results This case report involves a 51 year-old male with bilateral palatine tonsil squamous cell carcinoma and bilateral metastatic neck disease. He presented with a left cystic neck mass diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma by fine needle aspiration. On exam, the site of the primary tumor was suspected to be ipsilateral tonsil. PET scanning demonstrated asymmetric FDG activity in the contralateral palatine tonsil and neck. The patient underwent bilateral transoral robotic-assisted partial oropharyngectomy demonstrating separate tonsillar carcinomas, both of which were HPV positive. Bilateral neck dissections demonstrated metastatic involvement of one right and two left cervical nodes. Conclusions We describe an exceedingly rare case of bilateral simultaneous metastatic palatine tonsil SCCA. This finding raises the question regarding the need for bilateral tonsillectomy in the case of the unknown primary or proven tonsil carcinoma with HPV positivity.
Solutions of the Iteration Equation and Extensions of the Scalar Iteration Operation

We study the solutions to a (vector) equation somewhat analogous to the traditional equations of linear algebra. Whereas, in introductory linear algebra the domain of discourse is the field of real numbers (or an arbitrary field) our domain of discourse is the algebraic theory of (multi-rooted, leaf-labeled) trees (or, more generally, any iterative theory).
Mesenteric blood flow in patients with diabetic neuropathy

We examined flow velocities in the superior mesenteric artery and celiac artery in normal controls (group C, n = 11), diabetic patients (group D, n = 8), and diabetic patients with clinically evident autonomic neuropathy (group DN, n = 6) to further define the usefulness of duplex examination in the evaluation of the mesenteric circulation in normal and disease states. By use of a 3 MHz duplex scanner, peak systolic velocity, peak diastolic forward velocity, end-diastolic forward velocity, and peak diastolic reverse velocity were measured in centimeters per second before and after a standardized meal. The vessels' diameters in centimeters were also measured. After the meal peak diastolic reverse velocity disappeared in all patients. The average vessel diameter in the superior mesenteric artery (0.7 cm) and celiac artery (0.8 cm) did not change. Flow velocities in the celiac artery were not significantly altered by the meal. In the control group, peak systolic velocity in the superior mesenteric artery increased 38%, peak diastolic forward velocity rose 66%, and end-diastolic forward velocity increased by 70%. In the diabetic nonneuropathic group the changes were 15%, 98%, and 100%, respectively. These changes were statistically significant (p less than 0.01). On the other hand, the patients with diabetic autonomic neuropathy presenting a picture of gastroparesis did not exhibit the expected increases in postprandial velocities. Moreover, this alteration in blood flow velocity, although similar to that encountered in patients with intestinal angina, did not appear to be due to occlusive arterial disease on the basis of clinical examination and B-mode scanning.
Development Of 275 kV XLPE Cable System And Prospect Of 500 kV XLPE Cable

This paper describes the development of 275 kV XLPE cable and its accessories, and the prospect of 500 kV XLPE cable.
Metabolic Regulation of IMD2 Transcription and an Unusual DNA Element That Generates Short Transcripts

Transcriptional regulation of IMD2 in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) is governed by the concentration of intracellular guanine nucleotide pools. The mechanism by which pool size is measured and transduced to the transcriptional apparatus is unknown. Here we show that DNA sequences surrounding the IMD2 initiation site constitute a repressive element (RE) involved in guanine regulation that contains a novel transcription-blocking activity. When this regulatory region is placed downstream of a heterologous promoter, short poly(A)+ transcripts are generated. The element is orientation dependent, and sequences within the normally transcribed and nontranscribed regions of the element are required for its activity. The promoter-proximal short RNAs are unstable and serve as substrates for the nuclear exosome. These findings support a model in which intergenic short transcripts emanating from upstream of the IMD2 promoter are terminated by a polyadenylation/terminator-like signal embedded within the IMD2 transcription start site.
High-resolution rotational spectroscopy of NNOH+, DCS+, Ar···D3+, Ar···DCO+, and Ar··· HN2+

Abstract The rotational spectra of the protonated molecules NNOH+ and DCS+, and the ion complexes Ar ⋯ D 3 + , Ar ⋯ DCO+, and Ar ⋯ HNN+ have been detected by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy at high spectral resolution, in which the supersonic molecular beam expands along the axis of the Farby–Perot cavity. These new measurements either better resolve or reveal additional line structure not observed in the previous lower resolution studies. Precise nitrogen or deuterium quadrupole coupling constants have been determined for the first time for both ions and Ar ⋯ DCO+; a tunneling splitting of 72 ± 5 kHz has been measured for the 1 0 , 1 → 0 0 , 0 transition of Ar ⋯ D 3 + .
Alexander I: The Tsar Who Defeated Napoleon. By Marie‐Pierre Rey. Translated by Susan Emanuel. (DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2012. Pp. xiv, 439. $39.95.)

Beginning with Alexander's role in the coup against his father and concluding with the legend that he feigned his death in order to devote his life to religion, this absorbing biography investigate...
Electro-mechanical subsynchronous resonance of a series capacitive compensated line start induction motor drive

The subsynchronous oscillation phenomena of an induction motor fed from a series compensated feeder line is investigated. With the aid of the D-decomposition technique and eigenvalue analysis, induction motor instability due to both electrical and electromechanical resonance are determined for variations in the impedance of the feeder and the series capacitor compensator. The influence of connecting power resistors across the series capacitors to mitigate the oscillations is also investigated. Computer simulation results of the starting transient and step load change are show to validate the results of the small signal analysis. >
Transgenic mice in the analysis of reproductive development and function

Transgenic mice have become important model systems for studying molecular, cellular, organ, and whole animal physiology. In particular, transgenic technology allows determination of cell lineage differentiation and the role(s) of specific proteins in mammalian development and oncogenesis. Transgenic mice can be created that express wild-type genes, mutant genes, marker genes or cell lethal genes in a tissue-specific manner. In addition, homologous recombination strategies in embryonic stem cells permit more sophisticated manipulation of the mammalian genome, including the functional deletion of specific genes in whole mice or in a specific tissue. Since all transgenic mice created must be bred to study the consequences of transgene or mutant allele expression, a number of effects of these genome manipulations on the reproductive development and function of these mice have been uncovered. In this review, we summarize the transgenic mouse models in which defects and abnormalities in the reproductive axis have been demonstrated.
LATTICE DISORDER PRODUCED IN GaAs BY 60-keV Cd IONS AND 70-keV Zn IONS.

Abstract We have used the standard channeling technique with a 1.0 MeV He+ analyzing beam to investigate the lattice disorder produced in GaAs by 60 keV Cd and 70 keV Zn ion implantations made at room temperature. The amount of disorder produced increases linearly with dose and saturates at a dose of approximately 1–2 × 1013 Cd ions/cm2. The disorder present in low dose implants (∼5 × 1012 Cd ions/cm2) anneals appreciably by 150 °C. With increasing doses of Cd or Zn the samples show a continuous increase in the anneal temperature required to remove a substantial amount of lattice disorder. There is no apparent difference between the anneal of Zn and Cd implants. The rate at which lattice disorder is produced in GaAs by heavy ion implantations and the doses of heavy ions required to saturate the lattice disorder observed are significantly different from the values of the corresponding quantities for Si and Ge.
A New Species of Monardella (Lamiaceae) from Southeastern Oregon and Adjacent Idaho, U.S.A.

Monardella angustifolia Elvin, Ertter & Mansfield (Lamiaceae), a new species from southeastern Oregon and adjacent Idaho, is described and illustrated. It occurs on ash tuff outcrops in and near Leslie Gulch in the northern reaches of the Great Basin Desert. The new species is best distinguished by its calyx trichomes, fascicled leaves, and leaf and bract morphology. It is unique in the genus in having very narrow, conduplicate, and often fascicled leaves and being endemic to soils derived from ash tuff. It is most similar morphologically and ecologically to several perennial species of Monardella Benth. in the Mojave Desert ca. 900 km to the south. It shares with them a similar habit, pubescence, branching, and bract and glomerule morphologies.
CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells confer infectious tolerance in a TGF-β–dependent manner

CD4+FoxP3+ regulatory T (T reg) cells comprise a separate lineage of T cells that are essential for maintaining immunological tolerance to self. The molecular mechanism(s) by which T reg cells mediate their suppressive effects remains poorly understood. One molecule that has been extensively studied in T reg cell suppression is transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, but its importance remains controversial. We found that TGF-β complexed to latency-associated peptide (LAP) is expressed on the cell surface of activated but not resting T reg cells. T reg cell LAP–TGF-β plays an important role in the suppression of the proliferation of activated T cells, but it is not required for the suppression of naive T cell activation. More importantly, T reg cell–derived TGF-β could generate de novo CD4+FoxP3+ T cells in vitro from naive precursors in a cell contact–dependent, antigen-presenting cell–independent and αV integrin–independent manner. The newly induced CD4+FoxP3+ T cells are suppressive both in vitro and in vivo. Transfer of activated antigen-specific T reg cells with naive antigen-specific responder T cells to normal recipients, followed by immunization, also results in induction of FoxP3 expression in the responder cells. T reg cell–mediated generation of functional CD4+FoxP3+ cells via this TGF-β–dependent pathway may represent a major mechanism as to how T reg cells maintain tolerance and expand their suppressive abilities.
Policy Validation for System Automation: A Case Study

Policies can be understood as specifications; therefore they can be translated more or less easily into formal languages and then be verified by formal techniques such as model checking. In this paper, we focus on formal verification of real-life industrial policies of the IBM Tivoli System Automation for Multi-Platform (ISA). We use PSL to model the system and describe the desired behavior and the RuleBase PE model checker to verify it.
Influence of Repetitive Dosing and Altered Urinary pH on Doxycycline Excretion in Humans

The effect of altered urinary pH on the renal excretion of doxycycline, with both single- and multiple-dose regimens, was studied in humans. Alkalinization of the urine resulted in higher cumulative amounts of doxycycline excreted during both single and multiple-dose regimens. The increased excretion was reflected in larger renal clearances and shorter half-lives for both regimens when the alkaline condition was compared to the control condition. Half-life values increased from the single- to the multiple-dose regimen under both alkaline and control conditions. However, the increase in half-life values from single- to multiple-dose administration under the alkaline condition was shorter than the half-life change under control conditions.
Is All Punishment Local? The Effects of Jurisdictional Context on Sentence Length

Objectives: This paper investigates the extent to which contextual and individual factors influence the length of prison sentences in California. Methods: The analysis applies a hierarchical linear model to individual and county-level data. Results: Some characteristics of the racial, organizational, and public safety environments are found to influence the length of prison terms. Conclusions: The findings support the organizational maintenance perspective and the idea of minority incarceration as a response to a perceived crime threat. Political environment is not found to have a significant effect on sentence lengths, and the findings do not support the racial threat hypothesis. The effects of contextual factors are more modest than those of individual attributes including legally relevant variables such as offense severity, prior record, parole status, and Three Strikes eligibility. African-American and younger offenders receive longer sentences, but this effect is not found for Latinos. Substantive, methodological, and policy implications are discussed.
The SMART way to migrate replicated stateful services

Many stateful services use the replicated state machine approach for high availability. In this approach, a service runs on multiple machines to survive machine failures. This paper describes SMART, a new technique for changing the set of machines where such a service runs, i.e., migrating the service. SMART improves upon existing techniques in three important ways. First, SMART allows migrations that replace non-failed machines. Thus, SMART enables load balancing and lets an automated system replace failed machines. Such autonomic migration is an important step toward full autonomic operation, in which administrators play a minor role and need not be available twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. Second, SMART can pipeline concurrent requests, a useful performance optimization. Third, prior published migration techniques are described in insufficient detail to admit implementation, whereas our description of SMART is complete. In addition to describing SMART, we also demonstrate its practicality by implementing it, evaluating our implementation's performance, and using it to build a consistent, replicated, migratable file system. Our experiments demonstrate the performance advantage of pipelining concurrent requests, and show that migration has only a minor and temporary effect on performance.
Transient stress cardiomyopathies in the elderly: Clinical & Pathophysiologic considerations

Transient stress-induced cardiomyopathies have been increasingly recognized and while rare, they tend to affect elderly women more than other demographic groups. One type, often called tako-tsubo cardiomyopathy (TTC), is typically triggered by significant emotional or physical stress and is associated with chest pain, electrocardiogram (ECG) changes and abnormal cardiac enzymes. Significant left ventricular regional wall motion abnormalities usually include an akinetic “ballooning” apex with normal or hyperdynamic function of the base. A second type, often called neurogenic stunned myocardium, typically associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage, also usually presents with ECG changes and positive enzymes, but the typical wall motion abnormalities seen include normal basal and apical left ventricular contraction with akinesis of the mid-cavity in a circumferential fashion. The pathophysiology, clinical care and typical courses, are reviewed.
Effects of Pregnancy and Female Sex Steroid Hormones on Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide Content of Mesenteric Artery in Rats

Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels in plasma and the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) are increased during pregnancy and in ovariectomized rats injected with ovarian hormones. Vasodilatory responses to CGRP are also increased in these animals. In the present study, we hypothesized that pregnancy and ovarian hormones elevate the contents of CGRP in perivascular nerves. We assessed CGRP-dependent mesenteric vascular relaxation induced by electrical field stimulation (EFS) and arterial content of CGRP. Because the mesenteric artery represents resistance vessels, segments of mesenteric arteries collected from female rats at different stages of the estrous cycle, pregnancy, or postpartum and from male rats were used in this study. The EFS-induced relaxation in the presence and absence of CGRP8‐37, an antagonist of CGRP, was used to measure CGRPdependent relaxation, and radioimmunoassay (RIA) of tissue homogenates was used to assess changes in CGRP content in mesenteric branch arteries. The results show that CGRP-dependent, EFS-induced relaxation response was lower in female rats at diestrus and proestrus than in male rats, and no statistically significant differences were observed between Gestational Day 20 and Postpartum Day 2. The RIA revealed significantly lower mesenteric artery CGRP levels in female rats at proestrus, gestation, and postpartum than in female rats at diestrus or in male rats. We conclude that no correlation exists between CGRP-dependent, EFS-induced relaxation and CGRP content in the mesenteric arteries of these animal groups. Because both CGRP levels in DRG and serum are reported to be elevated, the reduced CGRP content in the vasculature during pregnancy and proestrus implicate enhanced basal release of CGRP at the nerve terminal in these animals. ovulatory cycle, pregnancy, steroid hormones
Sampling of images for efficient model-based vision

The problem of matching two planar sets of points in the presence of geometric uncertainty has important applications in pattern recognition, image understanding, and robotics. The first set of points corresponds to the "template." The other set corresponds to the "image" that-possibly-contains one or more deformed versions of the "template" embedded in a cluttered image. Significant progress has been made on this problem and various polynomial-time algorithms have been proposed. We show how to sample the "image" in linear time, reducing the number of foreground points n by a factor of two-six (for commonly occurring images) without degrading the quality of the matching results. The direct consequence is a time-saving by a factor of 2/sup p/-6/sup p/ for an O(n/sup p/) matching algorithm. Our result applies to a fairly large class of available matching algorithms.