cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS IN ATRIAL FIBRILLATION: FINDINGS FROM ORBIT-AF

Although clinical practice guidelines are commonly used to guide patient care in atrial fibrillation (AF), data regarding adherence to guideline recommendations are limited. Using the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF), we assessed adherence to a
Low Vπ Optical Polymer Modulator With Novel Poling Strategy

A novel scheme for poling is demonstrated to improve the poling efficiency of electro-optical (EO) polymers. Vπ of 2.1V from a single-arm driven Mach-Zehnder modulator was demonstrated using AJL8/APC.
Personal perspective on low-dosage estrogen therapy for postmenopausal women.

Objective As evidenced by results from recent clinical trials and epidemiological studies that have examined the physiological and clinical effects of low levels of estradiol, it is now time to replace the widely held belief that less than the standard dosage of estrogen is without benefit. Design Review of literature and personal experience. Results Studies indicate that low-dosage estrogen can relieve vasomotor symptoms, can prevent bone loss, and may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. However, to achieve these health benefits, long-term estrogen use is required. Women who use low dosages of estrogens are less likely to have unacceptable side effects, such as irregular bleeding, heavy bleeding, or breast tenderness. Thus, long-term continuance of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be improved if lower dosages are given, particularly if the HRT regimen is tailored to the needs of the patient. Conclusions Although standard-dosage estrogen remains the "gold standard" for HRT, having a low dosage as an alternative regimen can be useful. Attention of clinical researchers should focus on the effects of low-dosage estrogen on osteoporotic fractures and other health outcomes.
[The status of pertussis infection and molecular epidemiological characteristics of pertussis in Tianjin, 2013].

Objective To understand the status of pertussis infection and characteristics of molecular epidemiology of pertussis in 2013 in Tianjin.Methods Totally,181 suspected pertussis cases were selected and their nasopharyngeal swabs and serum were sampled at the Disease Monitoring Settings in Tianjin.Real-time PCR was used to detect Bordetella pertussis double target genes and enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to detect the specific pertussis toxin IgG (PT-IgG) antibody.Fimbriae 2 (FIM2) and Fimbriae 3 (FIM3) genes of pertussis was amplified by PCR for sequencing,from 30 pertussis DNA positive samples.Results The positive rate of Real-time PCR was 68.24％ in 148 cases and the positive rate of PT-IgG antibody was 55.56％ in 108 cases.Among 101 cases that nucleic acid were positive,the median duration of disease was 11 days.Among the PT-IgG Positive cases (60 cases),the median duration of disease was 21 days.In cases under 1 year old,the Real-time PCR testing positive rate was 84.28％.Positive rates among other age groups,the differences were statistically significant.Nucleotide homologies of FIM2 and FIM3 genes from 30 pertussis strains were 99.6％-100.0％,while it was 99％ when compared to both international standard Tohama strain and Chinese vaccine strain.Conclusion Detection of pertussis by Real-time PCR from clinical nasopharyngeal swab sample was quick and sensitive for the diagnosis.Bordetella pertussis epidemic strains in Tianjin area appeared close relation with both the international standards and China vaccine strains. Key words: Pertussis; Real-time PCR; Molecular epidemiology
The State and Political Economic Change: Beyond Rational Choice and Historical Institutionalism to Discursive Institutionalism

Dominant theoretical approaches in political economy today—whether positing convergence of divergence, whether rational choice or historical institutionalist—do not take state action seriously, and this in turn makes them unable to explain the differences in degree and kind of countries’ neoliberal reforms. For this, it is necessary to bring the state back in and to put the political back into political economy not just in terms of political economic institutions but also in terms of policies, polity and politics. To explore the politicalQ2_6 in all its variety, however, the article demonstrates that at least one more methodological approach, discursive institutionalism, is also needed. This approach, by taking the role of ideas and discourse seriously, brings political actors as sentient beings back in. This in turn also enables one to explain the dynamics of neoliberal reform in political economy.
Node B Power Sharing Capacity Benefits

This paper presents results demonstrating the capacity benefits of node B power sharing, hereafter referred to a NBPS, in a UMTS network for sites that are sectored. It is clear that NBPS at a sectored site has the potential to offer substantial gains when the traffic distribution is non-uniform across those sectors, i.e. hot-spot situations; however, this paper demonstrates that even when the traffic is circuit switched only and the network uniformly loaded, capacity gains in the order of six percent can be achieved. Previous work has examined the capacity benefits using a static system level simulator [D. Molkdar and J. Wallington]; however, full system level simulation was used to generate the results presented in this paper. This has the significant advantage of enabling the full microscopic dynamics of the system to be modelled; in particular, the short timescale fluctuations in the power demands placed on the node B. Such variations arise from the time varying nature of the channel, as well as from the traffic arrivals and departures. It is through averaging of these short term power demands across the node-B's sectors that the capacity gains are achieved.
Association between daily walking and antioxidant capacity in patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

Abstract Objective The primary aim of the study was to assess whether both the amount and pace of daily walking were associated with circulating antioxidant capacity in symptomatic patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD). Methods Community-based walking was measured in 244 men and women who were limited by symptomatic PAD during a 1-week period in which they wore an ankle-mounted step activity monitor. Patients were further characterized by circulating antioxidant capacity with the OxiSelect (Cell Biolabs Inc, San Diego, Calif) hydroxyl radical antioxidant capacity (HORAC) activity assay. Results To assess the amount of walking, patients were grouped into low (≤2440 strides/d), middle (2441-3835 strides/d), and high (>3835 strides/d) stride tertiles. HORAC was higher in the middle ( P = .03) and high ( P = .01) stride tertiles than in the low tertile, but there was no difference between middle and high tertiles ( P = .44). To assess the pace of walking, patients were grouped into slow ( 31.6 strides/min) cadence tertiles. HORAC was higher in the high cadence tertile than in the low ( P P P = .48). Similar findings were obtained on group differences in HORAC after adjusting for age, sex, race, and ankle-brachial index for both the amount and pace of daily walking. Conclusions Walking >2440 strides each day and walking at a cadence faster than 31.6 strides/min for 30 minutes each day are both associated with greater circulating antioxidant capacity in symptomatic patients with PAD. The clinical significance is that a home-based walking program may be one approach to increase endogenous antioxidant capacity.
Adsorption equilibrium and mechanisms of tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) on zeolite-β under environmentally relevant and competitive conditions with methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)

Abstract Tris-2-chloroethyl phosphate (TCEP), an emerging contaminant of concern, is largely recalcitrant to removal due to its relatively high water solubility and non-degradability. Adsorption from wastewater is an option for separation, with a suitable adsorbent. In this study, equilibrium adsorption of TCEP onto zeolite– β (300:1 Si: Al ratio) is reported for simulated environmental waters with commonly occurring competing adsorbates. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of the adsorbent to TCEP in pure water which is about 103 mg/g is reduced by approximately 30% in the presence of natural organic material (NOM) and several common salts. The data show that increasing NOM and salt concentrations do not have a proportionately increased effect. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of TCEP was reduced, by up to 70% under competitive conditions with methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), another common contaminant in industrial wastewaters. Solid state NMR analyses of the zeolite subsequent to TCEP adsorption provide insight to the preferred zeolite adsorption sites. The NMR data for both Si and C appear to indicate that a hydrophobic surface interaction between the organic carbon and zeolite silica surfaces is the most likely adsorption mechanism.
Ultrasound: Abnormal Placenta

Morbidity due to abnormal placental implantation is substantial and includes problems associated with massive bleeding such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, multi-organ failure, and death. Combination of placenta previa and prior cesarean delivery dramatically increases the risk for placenta accreta, abnormal placentation being one of the most common reasons for cesarean hysterectomy. The diagnosis can be made with ultrasound and/or MRI, and should be considered in patients with high risk. Antepartum diagnosis facilitates preparation and better outcome.
Feasibility of Detecting Bioorganic Compounds in Enceladus Plumes with the Enceladus Organic Analyzer.

Abstract Enceladus presents an excellent opportunity to detect organic molecules that are relevant for habitability as well as bioorganic molecules that provide evidence for extraterrestrial life because Enceladus' plume is composed of material from the subsurface ocean that has a high habitability potential and significant organic content. A primary challenge is to send instruments to Enceladus that can efficiently sample organic molecules in the plume and analyze for the most relevant molecules with the necessary detection limits. To this end, we present the scientific feasibility and engineering design of the Enceladus Organic Analyzer (EOA) that uses a microfluidic capillary electrophoresis system to provide sensitive detection of a wide range of relevant organic molecules, including amines, amino acids, and carboxylic acids, with ppm plume-detection limits (100 pM limits of detection). Importantly, the design of a capture plate that effectively gathers plume ice particles at encounter velocities from...
Feline dry eye syndrome of presumed neurogenic origin: a case report.

Case summaryA 14-year-old female spayed Abyssinian cat, which about 1 year previously underwent thoracic limb amputation, radiotherapy and chemotherapy for an incompletely excised vaccine-related f...
36-Month Evaluation of Intravitreous Aflibercept Injection for Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Patients Previously Treated With Ranibizumab or Bevacizumab.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE In the ASSESS study, patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration transitioned from other anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapies to intravitreous aflibercept (Eylea; Regeneron, Tarrytown, NY) injections (IAI). The purpose was to determine the 36-month outcomes following the change from a fixed 24-month IAI dosing regimen to a routine clinical practice regimen. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were treated with a fixed bimonthly regimen for the first 2 years. In the third year, patients were managed according to routine clinical practice. RESULTS A total of 18 patients completed the 36 months and were considered for statistical analyses. At 36 months, a nonsignificant decrease of -37.8 μm in central subfield thickness and a nonsignificant gain of 5.8 letters from baseline were observed. CONCLUSION Despite the significant visual and anatomical gains observed in the 2 years of fixed-dosing IAI, there was gradual decline in these improvements when patients were transitioned to a variable regimen. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:179-185.].
Simple Demographics Often Identify People Uniquely

In this document, I report on experiments I conducted using 1990 U.S. Census summary data to determine how many individuals within geographically situated populations had combinations of demographic values that occurred infrequently. It was found that combinations of few characteristics often combine in populations to uniquely or nearly uniquely identify some individuals. Clearly, data released containing such information about these individuals should not be considered anonymous. Yet, health and other person-specific data are publicly available in this form. Here are some surprising results using only three fields of information, even though typical data releases contain many more fields. It was found that 87% (216 million of 248 million) of the population in the United States had reported characteristics that likely made them unique based only on {5-digit ZIP, gender, date of birth}. About half of the U.S. population (132 million of 248 million or 53%) are likely to be uniquely identified by only {place, gender, date of birth}, where place is basically the city, town, or municipality in which the person resides. And even at the county level, {county, gender, date of birth} are likely to uniquely identify 18% of the U.S. population. In general, few characteristics are needed to uniquely identify a person.
Risk Factors for Gastrointestinal Symptoms Following Successful Eradication of Clostridium difficile by Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT).

Background:Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a promising therapy for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI). Many patients report altered bowel habits including constipation, bloating, gas and loose stool post-FMT despite resolution of CDI, and the etiology remains unclear.Method
Utilization of echocardiography in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

Objectives This study assessed the frequency and utility of echocardiographic examination in patients with all forms of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and sought to identify clinical variables associated with an abnormal echocardiogram. Design/setting This was a retrospective study of all patients carrying a diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome of any type who were evaluated by a pediatrician or pediatric subspecialist at a single tertiary medical center with an affiliated children's hospital during the period January 2013 to December 2018. Patients Chart review was performed on all patients carrying a diagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome in the electronic medical record. Outcome measures Data from genetics examination, cardiovascular examination where applicable, genetic test results when available, and echocardiography were recorded. Results Of 262 patients identified, echocardiography and cardiac evaluation were common occurring in 90% and 50% of patients with any form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Cardiovascular complications occurred in 50% of patients with vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome but echocardiography was normal in all. Aortic dilation was common in classic Ehlers-Danlos syndrome but absent in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome. Mitral valve prolapse and bicuspid aortic valve occurred at the same incidence as the general population. Cardiac symptoms were present in 12% but did not correlate with abnormal cardiac structure. Presentation with symptoms of musculoskeletal pain was inversely related to the presence of cardiac pathology. Conclusions In light of the absence of cardiac pathology in patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, routine cardiac evaluation and echocardiography are not required for patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.
The Development of Interpersonal Reasoning: An Analysis of Message Strategy Justifications

The development of children's reasoning processes was studied by asking children to justify their message choices with respect to four specific hypothetical situations. Forty-six children in second...
Robust Disturbance Estimation ‐ An Integrated Game Theoretic and Unknown Input Observer Approach

This paper presents a new method of disturbance estimation in discrete time invariant linear systems using game theoretic detection filters. First, the direct unknown input observer (UIO) design is reviewed, and its application in disturbance estimation is discussed. Motivated by the UIO design limitations, the game theoretic detection filter is introduced which decouples the multi-variable disturbances into a scalar target disturbance and remaining nuisance disturbances for a virtual plant model. The estimation of the target disturbance is then obtained by the UIO design for the virtual plant. This method can be used to estimate all disturbances in the system individually. Simulation and experimental results from an open loop unstable multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) Active Magnetic Bearing Spindle (AMBS) are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the proposed approach with respect to noises and unmodeled dynamics, and comparison to the direct UIO approach.
Multichannel Processing of Noisy Vibration Responses: A Constrained Subspace Approach

In this paper we discuss multiple input/multiple output (MIMO) constrained subspace identification techniques that will be evaluated when applied to the fundamental problem of identification of a dynamic structural model from noisy vibrational response measurements. The structure is a cylindrical copper pipe consisting of three (3) accelerometers positioned along its length as well as a single transducer measuring the excitation function (chirp or white noise) totaling ten (10) sensor channels (9 outputs and a single input). Here we discuss a suite of "constrained" subspace identification techniques and evaluate their performance on experimental data.
Detailed Dual-Doppler Structure of Kelvin–Helmholtz Waves from an Airborne Profiling Radar over Complex Terrain. Part I: Dynamic Structure

AbstractKelvin–Helmholtz (KH) waves are remarkably common in deep stratiform precipitation systems associated with frontal disturbances, at least in the vicinity of complex terrain, as is evident f...
Targeting Elevated Borderline Features in Adolescents Using the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A)

Youth with elevated borderline features (BF) exhibit significant emotional dysregulation and high impulsivity. Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) and BF have been historically difficult to treat...
SMAP Soil Moisture Product Validity in Heterogeneous Irrigated Regions

In this study, soil moisture (SM) products from the NASA Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission are assessed for their validity in heterogeneous, irrigated agricultural regions. SMAP products at 36 km and at enhanced 9 km resolution are compared with in situ SM data from an operational farm in Florida during the 2018 and 2019 growing seasons for field corn and peanuts. SMAP has a strong positive SM bias which may be caused by unrealistic vegetation water content (VWC) values being used in the SM retrieval algorithm. To determine whether higher spatial resolution VWC information can improve the SM retrieval algorithm, Sentinel-1 derived VWC will be used to form a SM regression model. The model will be calibrated on a Florida research site and tested on the study farm.
Management of Civilian Low-Velocity Gunshot Injuries to an Extremity.

➤ Despite an increasing rate of civilian low-velocity gunshot injuries, there remains a lack of evidence-based treatment standards. ➤ Most low-velocity gunshot-induced fractures of the extremity can be managed similarly to non-gunshot-induced fractures, with the goals of restoring function and minimizing complications. ➤ There are a limited number of high-quality studies to support the use of prophylactic antibiotics for nonoperatively treated gunshot wounds. ➤ Intra-articular retained bullets should be removed, while prophylactic irrigation and debridement for a transarticular bullet is not routinely warranted for infection prevention. ➤ Much of the literature on low-velocity gunshot wounds is Level-III or IV evidence, warranting the need for higher-powered, randomized, prospective investigations.
Impoliteness and hypermasculine language in Japanese shock advertising

This article shows that by using hypermasculine language in shock advertising, advertisement creators highlight its aggressive and crude image. Hypermasculine language has been commodified as a marker of impoliteness. This analysis utilises the concept of indexical field and makes two theoretical contributions. First, it shows that one can employ the concept in the analysis of styles, which are broader linguistic resources than individual variables. The analysis thus expands the applicability of the concept. Second, the article shows that advertisement creators are changing the indexical field of hypermasculine language. The analysis thus corroborates the characterisation of the indexical field as fluid. This article also argues that, because many in Japan believe in the importance of avoiding offending others and the prominence of linguistic politeness, hypermasculine language, with its foregrounded meanings of aggressiveness and vulgarity, violates the perceived code of linguistic politeness and serves as a useful apparatus for shock advertising.
An operational tool to detect non-native invasive grasses: Assessing temporal transferability and bias in fires to optimize performance for land management

Abstract Non-native invasive grasses have spread rapidly across the American West in recent years, significantly changing the ecology of the landscape by increasing fire frequency and degrading wildlife habitat. To meet the need for national forests in California to monitor the spread of these grasses into shrub-dominated ecosystems, we developed an operational tool that produces maps of herbaceous cover on a biennial basis at 30 m scale for southern California. Because the tool is planned for deployment for the remainder of the state, we present a rigorous analysis of temporal and spatial transferability of the model to demonstrate its suitability as a broad-scale technical application. Beta regression and random forest models were tested using Landsat 5, 7, and 8 imagery, including a variety of vegetation indices and spectral bands, as well as a predictor representing the time elapsed since the most recent fire. Comparing models created in six different years for which high resolution training data were available, we found that a random forest model trained using 2009 data performed better than models trained in other years in terms of variance explained by predictors (70% variance explained), inter-annual temporal transferability, cross-validation predictions for withheld data (root mean square error = 4.14), and minimal bias in burned v. unburned areas. Predictors in the final model included the maximum spring value for red-green angle (RGA), mean summer RGA, and standard deviation in the spring for the normalized burn ratio (NBR); these predictors leverage the distinct phenology of annual grasses as compared to evergreen shrubs that dominate the study area. Feasibility considerations for maintenance of an operational tool were an important component of model development, and we discuss 1) leveraging data processing capabilities using Google Earth Engine, 2) a cost-benefit comparison of model re-training for future years, and 3) an assessment of training methods that relied primarily on imagery-based assessments, while reserving field visitation for targeted assessments when conditions warrant further validation. Model outputs predicted to the full raster scale indicated non-native invasive grass spread has occurred at a moderate level over the last decade, with increases in cover observed mainly in burned areas, but with expansion and density likely suppressed by recent drought.
Disease Outcomes Following Low-Dose Radiotherapy vs. Moderate-Dose Radiotherapy for Orbital Low Grade Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Orbital low grade non-Hodgkin Lymphomas (LGNHLs) are a common tumor of the ocular adnexa. Courses of low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT), previously defined as 2 Gray (Gy) x 2 fractions, have resulted in excellent short-term outcomes for orbital LGNHLs. Recent data, however, suggests that higher doses are associated with improvements in response rates and progression free survival. RT is a proven treatment modality for this entity, but no prior data exists comparing outcomes following LDRT to moderate-dose RT (MDRT, RT dose > 4 Gy). Herein, we compare outcomes including overall response rates (ORR), local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) for patients treated with LDRT vs MDRT. MATERIALS/METHODS We reviewed 38 consecutive courses of RT for 36 patients treated for orbital LGNHL at a single institution. Bilateral disease was present in 15 patients. Nine patients had advanced stage disease or secondary orbital lymphoma following systemic dissemination. Indolent histologies included marginal zone lymphoma (20 patients), follicular lymphoma (11 patients), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, 5 patients). ORR were recorded according to Deauville or RECIST criteria with a response characterized as a complete response (CR) or partial response. Time to orbital recurrence (TTOR) and OS were estimated with the Kaplan-Meier (KM) method from start of RT to event or last follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed for characteristics associated with the studied outcomes. RT toxicity was graded per CTCAEv5. RESULTS Median follow-up time for all patients was 29 months (m) (range, 4-129m) and median MDRT dose used was 24 Gy (range 21-36 Gy) in 1.5-2 Gy fractions. LDRT was delivered for 14 courses and MDRT for 24 courses. Advanced stage (odds ratio (OR) 7, P = 0.021) and year of RT ≥2016 (OR 24, P = 0.008) were associated with increased use of LDRT as compared to MDRT. Acute grade 1 (G1) and G2 RT toxicities occurred following 22 (58%) and 5 (13%) courses, respectively. No ≥G3 acute toxicities occurred. Late toxicities included 6 patients with G1 dry eye (4 MDRT, 2 LDRT), 3 patients with G2 dry eye (3 MDRT) and one patient with a G1 cataract (1 MDRT). ORR were 100% (CR 50%) and 87.5% (CR 58.3%) following LDRT and MDRT, respectively. No evaluated characteristics, including the use of LDRT, were significantly associated with inferior ORR, TTOR or OS. LC at 2 years was 100% and 95% for the LDRT and MDRT groups, respectively. CONCLUSION RT for orbital LGNHL is associated with excellent outcomes in terms of response rates and local control. Due to the exquisite radiosensitivity of orbital LGNHL, LDRT produces similar response rates and TTOR as compared to more protracted RT courses. Present data suggests that LDRT should be considered for patients with orbital LGNHL; however, further multi-center studies with larger patient numbers are warranted to show significant associations.
A Novel Paradigm for Vision Functionometry in Glaucoma

Although standard automated perimetry is traditionally used to assess visual function loss in conditions such as glaucoma, it may have a poor relationship to alterations in ability to perform activities of daily living. Here we describe a novel approach to vision functionometry -investigating the active use of visual information in more complex visual environments. For this purpose, we developed an active visual search task in which subjects saccade freely across the screen to detect matching object pairs in an evolving display, while we record their eye movements and high-density electroencephalographic (EEG) signals.
Nonlinear quasi-static analysis of hybrid sliding–rocking bridge columns subjected to lateral loading

Abstract In this paper, a nonlinear three-dimensional finite element (FE) model for a hybrid sliding–rocking (HSR) column is developed. The HSR columns are segmental members incorporating internal unbonded post-tensioning, rocking joints at the member ends, and intermediate sliding joints along the member height. The HSR columns introduce new design parameters (e.g., frictional properties at the sliding joints, amplitude of joint sliding, number/distribution of sliding joints along the column height) and additional modeling challenges (e.g., contact interactions between adjacent segments and between segments and the internal unbonded post-tensioning tendons) as compared with conventional monolithic or rocking-only members. In the proposed modeling approach, contact interaction amongst adjacent segments and between segments and unbonded tendons are captured. Concrete segments are modeled using solid elements, mild steel reinforcement is modeled by beam elements embedded into the concrete segments, and the unbonded tendons are modeled using truss elements. The FE model was validated against available experimental data and was then used to conduct a parametric pushover study. Variations of the external vertical load were found to have minor effects on the lateral column response. Increase of the initial post-tensioning force resulted in early onset of inelastic response of the tendons, while the peak lateral column strength remained unchanged. Joint sliding increased the lateral deformation capacity of the column. Propagation of sliding from bottom to top and vice versa had small effects on the lateral response of the column. Propagation of sliding was controlled by the friction properties at the sliding joints.
On Yang-Mills Fields

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the classification of the self-dual Yang–Mills equations of motion. New insights in one area often spread and have other applications. So, it is quite useful to understand what the breakthroughs are in a field using nonlinearity. Often a nonlinear problem or any mathematical problem ends up having a life of its own far removed from its place of origin. There is a theorem that says certain constructive field theories in the Euclidean domain with the correct positivity assumptions can be analytically continued back to real time. Before describing the fiber bundle it is worth noting that users can allow the singularity to be at infinity. The circle bundle is determined by the winding number which users can compute in two different ways. One can also count the number of degrees of freedom by linearizing the differential equation for self duality. The linear equation is a standard elliptic one and the index theorem counts the number of degrees of freedom.
Macros That Compose: Systematic Macro Programming

Macros are often regarded as a sort of black magic: highly useful yet abstruse. The present paper aims to make macro programming more like a craft. Using R5RS Scheme macros as an example, we develop and present a general practical methodology of building complex macros systematically, by combining simpler components by functional composition or higher-order operatorsMacro programming is complex because the systematic approach does not apply to many macros. We show that macros and other headfirst normal-order re-writing systems generally lack functional composition. However, macros written in a continuation-passing style (CPS) always compose. Making CPS macros practical still requires an encoding for macro-continuations. We have found this missing piece, with an insight for anonymous macro-level abstractions.In the specific case of R5RS macros, this paper presents a stronger result: developing R5RS macros by a translation from the corresponding Scheme procedures. We demonstrate the practical use of the technique by elaborating a real-world example.
HIPAA compliance: An institutional theory perspective

One would think that the enactment of the HIPAA and associated mandates on data security and privacy has brought a major shift in the information security management practices across the US healthcare sector. Unfortunately, recent industry reports indicate substantially low level of regulatory compliance, thus raising security concerns to US health IT infrastructure. This research develops a regulatory compliance model by drawing insights from institutional theory literature to identify the key drivers influencing compliance, both institutional and market forces e.g. mix of state and federal privacy regulations, pressure from compliance leaders in the region, and the consumer demand for privacy among others. The primary contribution of this research lies in the novel application of institutional theory to explain the variability in regulatory compliance prevalent in the US healthcare sector.
Anatomical variations in the female pelvis and their effect in labor with a suggested classification

Abstract Examination of large series of skeletal material shows that pelves, on the basis of morphology, tend to segregate themselves into groups bearing certain common architectural characteristics. Four major groups have been recognized. On analysis these groups differ sufficiently anatomically to warrant a new classification of pelves. The first group consists of an average form which in respect to the form of the compact pelvis displays the accepted sexual characters attributed to the female sex. This has been designated the "gynecoid" type of pelvis. The second group appears to contain certain features common to the average male pelvis. These pelves are termed "android" types. The third group in many respects bears a resemblance to the pelvic form of the great apes. The term "anthropoid" has been proposed for this special type. The last group is characterized by a broad flat form similar to the simple flat pelvis of other classifications. It is a rare type and bears no resemblance to the great apes or other lower forms. The term "platypelloid" originally proposed by Turner, 18 seems descriptive and satisfactory for classification purposes. These variations in female pelves are not associated with or caused by pathologic processes. The more extreme forms have been long recognized by anatomists, anthropologists, and obstetricians. We have attempted to correlate these observations in order to facilitate the application of this anatomical knowledge to the mechanism of labor. The role played by these pelvic types in relation to ease or difficulty in labor is briefly discussed.
Fuzzy direct torque control of induction motor with sensorless speed control using parameters machine estimation

Direct Torque Control (DTC) is a method, which is used to control the flux and torque of a motor. This method uses a flux and torque estimator and two hysteresis controllers. The major problem that is usually associated with DTC drive is the high torque ripple. The stator resistance is used in the flux and torque estimator. So the stator resistance deviation from its set value, might affect fuzzy-DTC performance especially at low speed. To overcome these problems, this paper presents an improved direct torque control based on fuzzy logic technique, where the torque and flux hysteresis controllers are replaced by fuzzy controllers and we also used a fuzzy stator resistance estimator The fuzzy proposed controller is shown to be able to reducing the torque and flux ripples and to improve performance DTC especially at low speed.
The clinical significance of drug craving

Although drug craving has received considerable research attention over the past several decades, to date there has been no systematic review of the general clinical significance of craving. This paper presents an overview of measurement issues of particular relevance to a consideration of use of craving in clinical settings. The paper then considers the relevance of craving across a broad array of clinical domains, including diagnosis, prognostic utility, craving as an outcome measure, and the potential value of craving as a direct target of intervention. The paper is both descriptive and prescriptive, informed by the current state of the science on craving with recommendations for the definition of craving, assessment practices, future research, and clinical applications. We conclude that craving has considerable utility for diagnosis and as a clinical outcome, and that findings from future research will likely expand the clinical potential of the craving construct in the domains of prognosis and craving as a treatment target.
Quality Indicators in the Management of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is predominantly seen in elderly patients. With the aging United States population, the incidence and prevalence of bladder cancer are on the rise, heightening the relevance of this disease as a public health issue. Despite having one of the greatest average cancer treatment costs per patient, improvements in disease-specific survival have been subtle. Clinical guidelines based predominantly on expert opinion and randomized controlled studies offer some guidance, but adherence to these guidelines is lacking. Building awareness of quality indicators to optimize patient care represents an opportunity to improve bladder cancer outcomes. Although quality indicators exist for other disease states, widely accepted quality indicators for the management of bladder cancer have not yet been established. This article proposes an initial set of quality indicators for both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer based on established clinical guidelines and the available literature.
Call for redirection: A vocational educator views school psychological services

Abstract This article was written in an effort to stimulate greater interest and active involvement in vocational and career education on the part of school psychological services. Several functions for the school psychologist were proposed, including assistance in the selection of students for vocational programs designed for the handicapped and disadvantaged, teacher consultation, and consultation in the development of career education programs.
Locomotor sensitization to cocaine is associated with increased Fos expression in the accumbens, but not in the caudate.

Behavioral sensitization following repeated intermittent cocaine administrations is thought to involve alterations in cocaine regulation of neural activity within the accumbens and caudate brain regions. Although Fos immunohistochemistry and c-fos in situ hybridization have frequently been used to assess changes in cocaine-induced neural activity following prior cocaine exposure, these techniques have rarely been used to examine neural activity in the accumbens of behaviorally sensitized animals. In the present experiment, we compared the ability of increasing doses of cocaine to induce Fos in the accumbens and caudate of rats following a treatment procedure (7 once daily injections of 15 mg/kg of cocaine or the saline vehicle) shown to produce robust and persistent (1 week) locomotor sensitization. In sensitized animals, there was a leftward shift in the dose-response curve for cocaine induction of Fos in the accumbens, but not in the caudate. These results provide the first parametric evidence for sensitization of cocaine-induced Fos expression in the accumbens.
Application of real-time ultrasound technology to estimate in vivo breast muscle weight of broiler chickens

1. Real-time ultrasound (RTU) is a fast, non-destructive and relatively inexpensive technique to estimate body composition in animals. 2. A total of 835 Hubbard, Ross and Cobb broilers from different flocks were randomly selected, weighed and two RTU measurements were taken from both sides of their breast muscles (BM). Immediately following ultrasonography, broilers were processed and dissected to determine carcase, boneless BM, leg quarter and wing weights. Data were utilised to develop multiple linear regression equations (MLRE) to estimate carcase part weights. 3. Factors such as sex, age or genetic line did not contribute significantly to the accuracy of the models. The measurement in the right side was consistently more efficient than the left for estimating BM weight. 4. The following MLRE was estimated from live body weight (BW) and RTU area images: BM (g) = −94·3476 + 0·1518 * BW (g) + 5·1644 * BM-RTU area (cm2) (R 2 = 0·97). 5. Due to the allometric relationships among body parts the following eq...
Conduction Remodeling in Human End-Stage Nonischemic Left Ventricular Cardiomyopathy

Background—Several arrhythmogenic mechanisms have been inferred from animal heart failure models. However, the translation of these hypotheses is difficult because of the lack of functional human data. We aimed to investigate the electrophysiological substrate for arrhythmia in human end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results—We optically mapped the coronary-perfused left ventricular wedge preparations from human hearts with end-stage nonischemic cardiomyopathy (heart failure, n=10) and nonfailing hearts (NF, n=10). Molecular remodeling was studied with immunostaining, Western blotting, and histological analyses. Heart failure produced heterogeneous prolongation of action potential duration resulting in the decrease of transmural action potential duration dispersion (64±12 ms versus 129±15 ms in NF, P<0.005). In the failing hearts, transmural activation was significantly slowed from the endocardium (39±3 cm/s versus 49±2 cm/s in NF, P=0.008) to the epicardium (28±3 cm/s versus 40±2 cm/s in ...
The competition between shear deformation and crazing in glassy polymers

Whereas thin films of some polymers such as polystyrene readily form crazes when strained in tension, thin films of other polymers such as polycarbonate rarely exhibit crazing under the same testing conditions; the polymers that rarely craze tend to form regions of shear deformation instead. Polymers such as polystyrene-acrylonitrile which lie between these two extremes of behaviour may exhibit both modes of deformation. Thin films suitable for optical and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of six such co-polymers and polymer blends have been prepared. After straining, the nature of the competition between shear deformation and crazing is examined by TEM. It is found that in these polymers many crazes have tips which are blunted by shear deformation. This process leads to stress relaxation at the craze tip, preventing further tip advance. In this way short, but broad, cigar-shaped crazes are formed. Examination of the deformation at crack tips in the same polymers shows more complex structures, the initial high stress levels lead to chain scission and fibrillation but as the stress drops, shear becomes the dominant mechanism of deformation and the stress is relieved further. Finally, at long times under stress, chain disentanglement may become important leading to fibrillation and craze formation again. The nature of the competition is thus seen to be both stress and time dependent. Physical ageing of these polymers, via annealing below Tg, suppresses shear leading to the generation of more simple craze structures.
Growth rates of gallium crystal faces

Abstract Growth rates (v) were measured as a function of supercooling (ΔT) on five different crystal faces of high-purity gallium in glass capillary tubes. In the absence of dislocation effects, a plot of log v vs. l δ T for the 111 or 001 faces gives two joined straight lines, and the data for the 211 face show indications of two lines. Only one line was observed for the 010 and 120 faces, but the measurements may not have extended to low enough supercoolings for a second line to appear. The parameters of the lines agree reasonably well with those calculated from classical two-dimensional nucleation theory if it is assumed, first, that the two lines intersect at the point at which a new nucleus is formed just as the layer growing laterally from the preceding nucleus is completed, and second, that nucleation occurs only at the periphery of the solid-liquid interface rather than randomly on the crystal face. When the interface presumably contained a single emergent dislocation, the growth rate was much more rapid than for dislocation-free growth and was proportional to the supercooling. According to the classical theory of dislocation-assisted growth by incorporation of atoms into a spiral step originating at a dislocation, a linear relationship should result if the spiral were nearly straight. This would imply a critical nucleus radius of about 0.01 mm, which seems unreasonably large. Extremely rapid growth on non-singular faces was observed, which apparently represents “continuous” growth occurring without nucleation.
Statistical Model of Inher-Shell Vacancy Production in Atomic Collisions

A statistical approach to the description of inner-shell ionization is presented in terms of a random walk in energy space of particle-hole excitations on interacting level crossings to unoccupied states. It describes impact-parameter dependent and total cross sections for K and L shell excitations in symmetric and near-symmetric atomic collisions accurately in terms of only one parameter related to the density of levelcrossings.
Predicting termination type from client-therapist agreement on the severity of the presenting problem

Discrepancies between clients and therapists in their perceptions of the severity of the client's presenting problem were tested for their utility in predicting both premature and mutual termination. Eight problem types were examined, and analyses were conducted within a survival analysis framework. Across the majority of problem types, results indicated that greater discrepancies between clients and therapists lowered the odds of mutual termination; however, greater discrepancies did not in turn increase the odds of premature termination. Interaction tests of client-therapist discrepancy with a variable that changes over time, accruing number of sessions, offer some qualifications. In particular, in the case of two problem types--depression and family-of-origin--when large discrepancies occurred, the likelihood of premature termination maintained at an equal rate throughout treatment, whereas when discrepancies were moderate or absent, the likelihood of premature termination diminished. Implications for clinicians and researchers point to enhancement of the therapeutic alliance as a means of reducing the probability of premature termination and increasing the probability of mutual termination. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved).
Electronic structure of axially ligated rhodium carboxylates: π back-bonding revisited

Fenske-Hall molecular orbital calculations have been applied to a new, structurally isolable analog of the intermediate involved in catalytic rhodium carboxylate carbenoid transformations. Results from the structural characterization of axially ligated rhodium acetate phenylisonitrile complexes have been utilized in approximate molecular orbital calculations. The results from the calculations suggest that a significant degree of π back-bonding exists between the metal and isonitrile fragments which, by analogy, implies that π back-bonding should also exist in the rhodium carbenoid intermediate. Sensitivity of the Fenske-Hall method to the magnitude of π back-donation in these complexes was gauged through calculations involving different phenylisonitrile groups in which the π back-bonding ability was modulated through derivativization. The reliability of the Fenske-Hall method was evaluated through a comparison to a high-level calculation.