cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
COLLOIDAL STABILITY OF NANOSOIL/NANOFIBER AQUEOUS SUSPENSIONS FROM NATURAL ENVIRONMENT IN HAWAII

Nanoparticles from iron-oxide rich soil and nanofibers from bark of the plumeria tree in Hawaii have been studied using photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). Particles with sizes of several hundred nanometers have been investigated in aqueous suspension. The zeta potentials have been determined as a function of pH for soil, fiber, and the soil/fiber mixture. It is found that all three suspensions have negative zeta potentials and no isoelectric point within the pH range from 4 to 11. This shows that the suspensions are stable over a wide range of conditions. Both soil and fiber samples have approximately constant zeta potentials within this range. However, the zeta potential changes significantly for the nanosoil/nanofiber mixture when the pH is varied. We conclude that the nanoparticles of soil and fiber interact in the suspension and that this depends on the pH value of the suspension.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Drug-Eluting Balloon The Comeback Kid?

Balloon angioplasty revolutionized coronary revascularization; however, elastic recoil and restenosis caused by cellular proliferation are major drawbacks of angioplasty. Intracoronary stenting, which could tackle dissections and eliminate elastic recoil, became the next mode of intervention but was limited by stent thrombosis and increased neointimal hyperplasia, leading to in-stent restenosis. Drug-eluting stents significantly attenuate the cellularity and reduce the need for repeat revascularization; however, late stent thrombosis, dependency on prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy, and continued restenosis led to a quest for new treatment modalities. In recent years, drug-eluting balloons (DEB) have emerged as a potential alternative to combat restenosis. Paclitaxel was identified as the primary drug for DEB because of its rapid uptake and prolonged retention. DEB technology demonstrated safety and efficacy in preclinical and in randomized clinical trials for patients with in-stent restenosis. Further studies for de novo lesions in small vessels, for lesions in the superficial femoral artery, and those for below the knee signal its safety and efficacy for broader indications. This review will discuss the rationale, concept, and available DEB technologies, along with preclinical and clinical data, to support the DEB as a new technology for endovascular intervention. It will also assess the potential of the balloon to become the “comeback kid” of percutaneous coronary intervention in the form of DEB. The use of percutaneous balloon angioplasty to recanalize narrowed coronary arteries and endovascular vessels revolutionized revascularization.1 Balloon angioplasty, however, was associated with subintimal dissection, abrupt vessel closure, and restenosis. Stents tackle dissection, eliminate the elastic recoil and late negative vessel remodeling,2 but increase inflammation, thereby leading to more intimal hyperplasia resulting in in-stent restenosis (ISR).3 The major limitation of stents is stent thrombosis, which is controlled with antiplatelet therapy. Drug-eluting stents (DES) are another breakthrough in stent technology because of their ability to …
Chemical motifs that redox cycle and their associated toxicity

Focussed screening of known redox cyclers, and structurally related compounds, was performed using a horseradish peroxidase–phenol red (hydrogen peroxide) assay. A cell viability assay was then used to further understand structure-based toxicity. Pyrimidotriazinediones were confirmed as structural alerts and new redox cycling motifs were identified.
A Packaging Technique To Achieve Stable Single-Mode Fiber To Laser Alignment

A packaging technique that enables a low-loss optical couple between a single-mode laser diode and a single-mode optical fiber has been developed. The technique uses a miniature thin-film substrate with an onboard resistor to mount and subsequently align a lensed and metallized fiber to an emitting laser diode. The resistor serves as a local heat source to first effect the attachment of the fiber to the substrate and second to effect the attachment of the fiber-substrate assembly into aligned position with the laser. Thermal stability of optical couples made with this technique is demonstrated.
The eye: A window to the soul of the immune system.

Abstract The eye is considered as an immune privileged site, and with good reason. It has evolved a variety of molecular and cellular mechanisms that limit immune responses to preserve vision. For example, the cornea is mainly protected from autoimmunity by the lack of blood and lymphatic vessels, whereas the retina–blood barrier is maintained in an immunosuppressive state by the retinal pigment epithelium. However, there are several scenarios in which immune privilege is altered and the eye becomes susceptible to immune attack. In this review, we highlight the role of the immune system in two clinical conditions that affect the anterior and posterior segments of the eye: corneal transplantation and age-related macular degeneration. Interestingly, crosstalk between the innate and adaptive immune systems is critical in both acute and chronic inflammatory responses in the eye, with T cells playing a central role in combination with neutrophils and macrophages. In addition, we emphasize the advantage of using the eye as a model for in vivo longitudinal imaging of the immune system in action. Through this technique, it has been possible to identify functionally distinct intra-graft motility patterns of responding T cells, as well as the importance of chemokine signaling in situ for T cell activation. The detailed study of ocular autoimmunity could provide novel therapeutic strategies for blinding diseases while also providing more general information on acute versus chronic inflammation.
Socrates-The First Criminal Justice Educator

Socrates' views on guardian education, as presented in Plato's Republic, are examined for insights into issues faced by American criminal justice educators. Socrates' scheme supports those contemporary analysts who argue that criminal justice education should stress ethics and theory, rather than vocational training, and should structure its curriculum around the humanities rather than the social sciences.
Spirituality and Religious Practices among African Americans: Neglected Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Variables

(1998). Spirituality and Religious Practices among African Americans: Neglected Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Variables. Journal of Health Education: Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 126-129.
Hot-atom incorporation of tritium atoms into fullerenes

We have used classical hot-atom chemistry to put tritium atoms inside fullerene molecules. The tritium is generated in a nuclear reactor with the reaction 6Li(n,α)3H. The hot tritium atom slows down and can end up being thermalized inside a fullerene where it is trapped. The irradiated sample is dissolved, chromatographed, and counted in a scintillation counter, showing a small tritium activity. After some time, the sample is analyzed with a sensitive mass spectrometer, and 3He was found on heating above 400°C, showing that the tritium had decayed leaving the 3He trapped inside the fullerene.
No longer a source of dioxin.

In the News of the Week article “Just how bad is dioxin?” (16 June, p. [1941][1]) about the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) reassessment of the risks of dioxin, Jocelyn Kaiser suggests that one of the major sources of this toxic chemical is the paper bleaching process. Paper bleaching with elemental chlorine did generate small amounts of dioxin as a by-product. The discovery of this relation, which was the result of an industry-EPA cooperative sampling effort in the mid-1980s, prompted responsible companies in the industry to change their bleaching processes, well before EPA's recent “cluster” regulations. These regulations require no detection of dioxin at levels of parts per quadrillion measured in the bleach plant. In addition, research suggests that dioxin (tetracholordibenzodioxin) is not generated from alternative bleaching technologies now in use ([1][2]). Today, little if any dioxin is generated. Bleached paper mills are no longer a significant source as suggested in the article. This is a case where industry has made a pollution-prevention achievement of great magnitude and has virtually eliminated dioxin from its processes. 1. [↵][3]1. T. Deardorff , Pulp Pap. 97, ((Oct. 1997)). [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.288.5473.1941b [2]: #ref-1 [3]: #xref-ref-1-1 "View reference 1 in text"
Partial Pictures as Imagery-Retrieval Cues in Young Children's Prose Recall.

Abstract Two experiments, involving first-grade children, were conducted to test a retrieval-inefficiency explanation for the failure of visual imagery to facilitate young children's prose recall. Consistent with this explanation, children who were given stimuli presumed to elicit visual imagery (“partial pictures”) both during the presentation of a story and at the time questions were asked about the story recalled more story content than children given the partial pictures only during story presentation. An alternative account of these findings—namely that they may be attributed to a general cueing effect—was ruled out in the second experiment. Cognitive-developmental aspects of visual imagery strategies in prosememory situations are discussed.
Dications That Target the DNA Minor Groove: Compound Design and Preparation, DNA Interactions, Cellular Distribution and Biological Activity

Fluorescence microscopy of trypanosomes from drug treated mice shows that biologically active heterocyclic diamidines that target the DNA minor groove bind rapidly and specifically to parasite kinetoplast DNA (k-DNA). The observation that the kinetoplast is destroyed, generally within 24 hours, after drug treatment is very important for understanding the biological mechanism, and suggests that the diamidines may be inhibiting some critical opening/closing step of circular k-DNA. Given the uncertainties in the biological mechanism, we have taken an empirical approach to generating a variety of synthetic compounds and DNA minor groove interactions for development of improved and new biological activities. Furamidine, DB75, is a diphenyl-diamidine that has the curvature to match the DNA minor groove as expected in the classical groove interaction model. Surprisingly, a linear diamidine with a nitrogen rich linker has significantly stronger binding than furamidine due to favorable linker and water-mediated DNA interactions. The water interaction is very dependant on compound structure since other linear compounds do not have similar interactions. Change of one phenyl of furamidine to a benzimidazole does not significantly enhance DNA binding but additional conversion of the furan to a thiophene (DB818) yields a compound with ten times stronger binding. Structural analysis shows that DB818 has a very favorable curvature for optimizing minor groove interactions. It is clear that there are many ways for compounds to bind to k-DNA and exert specific effects on kinetoplast replication and/or transcription that are required to obtain an active compound.
Edge-Colorings with No Large Polychromatic Stars

Given a graph G and a positive integer r, let fr(G) denote the largest number of colors that can be used in a coloring of E(G) such that each vertex is incident to at most r colors. For all positive integers n and r, we determine fr(Kn,n) exactly and fr(Kn) within 1. In doing so, we disprove a conjecture by Manoussakis, Spyratos, Tuza and Voigt in [4].
A sensitive assay employing a solid-phase metal chelator to estimate rates of iron accumulation by ferritin

Abstract To minimize the contribution by the appreciable rates of extraferritin Fe(II) autoxidation/polymerization which proceed concomitant with the accumulation of iron by ferritin, a simple discontinuous, spectrophotometric kinetic assay was developed. This assay procedure utilizes a commercial metal chelator to complex the substrate and thus quench the reaction. Because operation is between 0 and 20°C and below 1.5 m m Fe(II), interference by autoxidation is negligible. Rates are observed to be first order with respect to apoferritin concentration and first order with respect to Fe(II) concentration at substrate-to-protein ratios as great as 2 × 10 4 . Between 0 and 20°C, the temperature dependence of the rate yielded a linear Arrhenius plot with an activation energy of + 15.2 kcal mol −1 . The advantages offered by this assay procedure over existing assays are (i) the assay can be up to an order of magnitude more sensitive, and (ii) the interference by extraferritin Fe(II) autoxidation is insignificant.
Gas Turbine Performance and Energy Conservation on DDG-51 Class U.S. Navy Ships

On DDG-51 Class US Navy ships, maximum power and propulsion loads do not require all four main gas turbine engines nor all three electric generator engines to be operating simultaneously. U.S. Navy fleet guidance does not mandate a particular plant configuration at any given time. Therefore, the configuration being used on a given ship to support a particular mission is partially at the discretion of the ship’s crew. This paper focuses on an effort to utilize real-time data from the ship’s power and propulsion plants and auxiliary equipment to assess fuel efficiency and configuration options available, and suggest operating profiles conducive to energy savings. Current Phase I project deliverables, preliminary results, and potential way-forward topics are addressed.
Vortex ring dynamics in trapped Bose-Einstein condensates

We use the time-dependent Gross-Pitaevskii equation to study the motion of a vortex ring produced by phase imprinting on an elongated cloud of cold atoms. Our approach models the experiments of Yefsah et al. [Nature (London) 499, 426 (2013)] on ${}^{6}$Li in the Bose-Einstein-condensate regime where the fermions are tightly bound into bosonic dimers. We find ring oscillation periods which are much larger than the period of the axial harmonic trap. Our results lend further strength to Bulgac et al.'s arguments (arXiv:1306.4266) that the ``heavy solitons'' seen in those experiments are actually vortex rings. We numerically calculate the periods of oscillation for the vortex rings as a function of interaction strength, trap aspect ratio, and minimum vortex ring radius. In the presence of axial anisotropies the rings undergo complicated internal dynamics where they break into sets of vortex lines, then later combine into rings. These structures oscillate with a similar frequency to simple axially symmetric rings.
Evidence that Golgi structure depends on a p115 activity that is independent of the vesicle tether components giantin and GM130

Inhibition of the putative coatomer protein I (COPI) vesicle tethering complex, giantin–p115–GM130, may contribute to mitotic Golgi breakdown. However, neither this, nor the role of the giantin–p115–GM130 complex in the maintenance of Golgi structure has been demonstrated in vivo. Therefore, we generated antibodies directed against the mapped binding sites in each protein of the complex and injected these into mammalian tissue culture cells. Surprisingly, the injected anti-p115 and antigiantin antibodies caused proteasome-mediated degradation of the corresponding antigens. Reduction of p115 levels below detection led to COPI-dependent Golgi fragmentation and apparent accumulation of Golgi-derived vesicles. In contrast, neither reduction of giantin below detectable levels, nor inhibition of p115 binding to GM130, had any detectable effect on Golgi structure or Golgi reassembly after cell division or brefeldin A washout. These observations indicate that inhibition of p115 can induce a mitotic-like Golgi disassembly, but its essential role in Golgi structure is independent of its Golgi-localized binding partners giantin and GM130.
On the effective seismic input for non-linear soil-structure interaction systems

Two equivalent semi-discrete formulations are presented for the problem of the transient response of soil-structure interaction systems to seismic excitation, considering linear behaviour of the soil material and arbitrary non-linear structural properties. One formulation results in a direct method of analysis in which the motion in the structure and the entire soil medium, rendered finite by an artificial absorbing boundary, is determined simultaneously. The other represents a substructuring technique in which the structure and the soil are analysed separately. The forces induced in the discretized system by the incident seismic motion are obtained as part of the general formulation by using the free-field motion of the unaltered soil as the earthquake input. It is shown that these forces act within the soil region in the direct method, but only on the soil-structure interface in the substructure formulation. Both sets of forces, however, involve only the displacements and tractions acting on the fictitious surface in the unaltered (linear) soil which coincides with the soil-structure interface of the complete system. It is shown, further, that the free-field displacements alone define a minimal set of data for evaluating the seismic response of the structure, since the tractions and displacements on that surface are interrelated. In practice, the minimal set must be obtained by extrapolating the available information, as the free-field ground motion at a site is usually specified at a single reference point.
Protein-targeting determinants in the secretory pathway of apicomplexan parasites.

Abstract Apicomplexan parasites possess a highly specialized secretory apparatus. The timed secretion of proteins from three different organelles — micronemes, rhoptries and dense granules — serves to establish and maintain a parasitophorous vacuole inside the host cell in which the parasites can divide. Recent efforts have identified components that sort apicomplexan proteins to these unusual secretory organelles and have shown that this machinery is evolutionarily conserved across species. Concise amino acid sequences (e.g. tyrosine-based motifs) within the targeted protein determine their destination in Apicomplexa in a way similar to mammalian cells. Additionally, the parasite exploits new or unusual mechanisms of protein targeting (e.g. post-secretory membrane insertion).
Predictors of Patient-Reported Recovery From Motor or Sensory Deficits Two Years After Acute Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation

Objective To determine the prevalence of patient-reported recovery from motor or sensory deficits over 2 years of follow-up after acute symptomatic lumbar disk herniation and to identify predictors of perceived recovery. Design A prospective inception cohort. Setting An outpatient spine clinic. Patients Consecutive adults with lumbosacral radicular syndrome (onset ≤12 weeks) due to symptomatic lumbar disk herniation, confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging: 95 patients with a baseline motor deficit by physical examination and 59 patients with a baseline sensory deficit by physical examination. Methods The patients received individualized nonsurgical treatment or, in a minority of cases, surgical treatment. All of the patients underwent a standardized baseline neurologic examination, including motor and sensory testing. Patients with a motor or sensory deficit at the baseline examination reported on whether they perceived persisting weakness or sensory deficits at 1- and 2-year follow-up. We calculated the 1- and 2-year prevalence of patient-reported persisting weakness or sensory deficits. We examined factors associated with perceived recovery from motor or sensory deficits by using bivariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. Results Among patients with a baseline motor deficit, the prevalence of patient-reported continuing weakness was 38% at 1 year and 25% at 2 years. Among patients with a baseline sensory deficit, the prevalence of patient-reported continuing sensory deficits was 53% at 1 year and 47% at 2 years. A positive straight leg raise test (odds ratio [OR] 0.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.08-0.83]) and opioid use (OR 0.24 [95% CI 0.06-0.83]) were independently and negatively predictive of patient-reported motor recovery. Female gender was independently and negatively predictive of patient-reported sensory recovery (OR 0.20 [95% CI 0.04-0.99]). Conclusions Patient-reported recovery from motor deficits after lumbar disk herniation occurs for 75% of patients over 2 years, but recovery from sensory deficits over this time frame occurs in only 53% of patients. A positive straight-leg raise test and female gender may predict poor recovery from motor and sensory deficits, respectively.
The tubular network of the Golgi apparatus

Golgi apparatus of both plant and animal cells are characterized by an extensive system of approximately 30 nm diameter peripheral tubules. The total surface area of the tubules and associated fenestrae is thought to be approximately equivalent to that of the flattened portions of cisternae. The tubules may extend for considerable distances from the stacks. The tubules are continuous with the peripheral edges of the stacked cisternae, but the way they interconnect differs across the stack. In plant cells, for example, tubules associated with the near-cis and mid cisternae often begin to anastomose close to the peripheral edges of the stacked cisternae, whereas the tubules of the trans cisternae are less likely to anastomose and are more likely to be directly continuous with the peripheral edges of the stacked cisternae. Additionally, the tubules may blend gradually into fenestrae that surround some of the stack cisternae. Because of the large surface area occupied by tubules and fenestrae, it is reasonable to suppose that these components of the Golgi apparatus play a significant role in Golgi apparatus function. Tubules clearly interconnect closely adjacent stacks of the Golgi apparatus and may represent a communication channel to synchronize stack function within the cell. A feasible hypothesis is that tubules may be a potentially static component of the Golgi apparatus in contrast to the stacked cisternal plates which may turn over continuously. The coated buds associated with tubules may represent the means whereby adjacent Golgi apparatus stacks exchange carbohydrate-processing enzymes or where resident Golgi apparatus proteins are introduced into and out of the stack during membrane flow differentiation. The limited gradation of tubules from cis to medial to trans offers additional possibilities for functional specialization of Golgi apparatus in keeping with the hypothesis that tubules are repositories of resident Golgi apparatus proteins protected from turnover during the flow differentiation of the flattened saccules of the Golgi apparatus stack.
Acquisition of chemical remanent magnetization by synthetic iron oxide

A fundamental assumption of palaeomagnetism is that rocks can provide a reliable record of the Earth's magnetic field. It is known that as magnetic minerals undergo chemical change they acquire a form of chemical remanent magnetization (CRM)1. Indeed, the magnetic phases formed at different times in the history of the rock may add several components of CRM to its net magnetization2, so that a valid application of palaeomagnetism to the interpretation of geological history requires a knowledge of the different components of CRM and the time of their acquisition. There are two mechanisms responsible for CRM3: mineral alteration and crystal growth. To understand the properties and acquisition mechanisms of CRM associated with the growth of mineral crystals, which is known as grain-growth CRM4, we have developed a technique for the synthesis of haematite crystals under controlled conditions. We find that the acquired magnetization is parallel to the applied magnetic field.
The effect of atomic force microscope probe size on indentation tests simulated using realistic surface forces

The effects of the size and shape of an indenter tip used in a nanoscale indentation test (such as with an atomic force microscope) are studied using realistic, finite-range surface forces to describe the contact and extended-range interaction of the indenter and sample. Sphero-conical indenters with tips ranging from sharp-pointed to very rounded tips (similar to spherical tips) are studied. A continuum Lennard-Jones adhesion potential and a Poisson-Boltzmann exponential repulsion law are used to study adhesive and repulsive-only interactions, respectively. The size of the tip affects the qualitative response for an adhesive surface force potential, with increasingly rounded tips exhibiting a more pronounced jump into contact and a greater overall adhesion. The effects of tip size are less pronounced for pure repulsion.
LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS OF THE PIGEON LOUSE (COLUMBICOLA COLUMBAE [LINNAEUS[)

Very little work has been done on the life history or habits of Mallophaga. Only two papers have heen published since 1913 which give even a general discussion of the life history of these parasites. The number of instars through which the insects pass was not determined in either case. For the experiments reported in this paper, the pigeon louse (Columbicola columbae [Linnaeus]) was chosen because of the ease of obtaining and handling the common host, Columba livia Linn.
The Art and Science of Group Counseling

This article is based on the keynote address given by Dr. Stockton at the Association for Specialists in Group Work (ASGW) Luncheon at the ASGW Biennial Conference in New Orleans, LA, on February 19, 2010.
New frontiers in understanding drip loss in pork: recent insights on the role of postmortem muscle biochemistry

Summary The aim of this review was to summarize some of the most important and novel hypotheses regarding the development of water-holding capacity in pork. Among the key factors that determine water-holding capacity are rate and extent of pH decline and the structure of the muscle and the muscle cell itself. However, there have been numerous reviews on the importance of pH yet relatively few on the concept of how muscle cell structure influences the ability of the postmortem cell to maintain water/moisture. Recent advances in the ability of scientists to monitor the movement of water within the cell and within the muscle and to monitor protein degradation have led to new hypotheses regarding the development of drip or purge from fresh meat. One of the more novel and promising hypotheses that has surfaced recently is that alterations in the architecture of the cell may govern the retention/loss of moisture from the muscle cell and ultimately the muscle. The degradation of cytoskeletal and intermediate filament proteins (like desmin) early postmortem may release constraints within the cell that limit the space available for water/fluid that has been forced from the myofibril during rigour. Conversely, degradation of some membrane proteins (like integrin) could actually contribute to the formation of drip channels and thus might actually improve the ability of moisture to ‘escape’ from the muscle cell. Thus, water-holding capacity in fresh meat is associated with specific changes that occur in early postmortem muscle.
Manufacturing agency: relationally structuring community in-formation

This essay is an investigation into the social construction of agents and agency, linked directly to a cross-cultural predilection toward accumulation, categorization and data distribution in the interest, whether latent or manifest, of community formation. It is presented as a mediation on mediation, emerging out of ongoing interdisciplinary collaboration1 oriented around creative design of multiple interfaces into distributed information spaces, accessed through utilization of an agent technology called the “Information personae.” As such it is tenuously positioned at the nexus of art, computer science, engineering and cultural studies, sitting comfortably at home in none.
A note on symmetric doubly-stochastic matrices

Each extreme point in the convex set @D^*"n of all nxn symmetric doubly-stochastic matrices is shown to have the form 12(P + P^t), for some nxn permutation matrix P. The convex hull @S"n of the integral points in @D^*"n (i.e., the symmetric permutation matrices) is shown to consist of those matrices, X = (x"i"j) in @D^*"n satisfying @S"i"@?"[email protected]"j"@?"S"-"{"i"}x"i"j = 0.
Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy of semiconductor clusters: Silicon and germanium

Abstract Ultraviolet photoelectron spectra (UPS) are reported here for semiconductor clusters prepared in a supersonic beam. Using a new magnetically focused time-of-flight photoelectron spectrometer, UPS spectra were obtained for mass-selected negative cluster ions of silicon and germanium in the 3-12-atom size range. An ArF excimer laser (6.4 eV) was used for photodetachment, enabling the first 3–4 eV of the valence band structure of the clusters to be probed. With few exceptions, the UPS data for corresponding clusters of the two semiconductors were remarkably similar. The spectra suggest that clusters 4, 6, 7, and 10 of silicon and 4, 6 and 7 of germanium are closed-shell species with band gaps of 1 to 1.5 eV.
Origin and Decay of Longitudinal Vortices in Developing Flow in a Curved Rectangular Duct (Data Bank Contribution)

Developing turbulent flow in a 90 deg curved duct of rectangular cross-section, and an aspect ratio of 6, was investigated. Mean-velocity and Reynolds-stress components were measured using a five-hole pressure problem and two-sensor hot-wire probes, respectively, in the boundary layers on the duct walls to document the pressure-driven secondary motion and the formation of a longitudinal vortex near the corner on the convex wall. Special attention was paid to the three-dimensionality of the flow exiting the two-dimensional contraction of the wind tunnel in order to provide proper inlet boundary conditions for future computational work. The mean velocities and wall shear stresses were measured at seven sections and turbulence measurement were made at four section. The data provide insights into the development of three-dimensional turbulent boundary layers under the influence of strong streamwise curvature, both convex or concave, and attendant pressure gradients, and clearly elucidate the mechanism by which strong pressure-driven secondary motion results in a longitudinal vortex.
Helping Older People Experience Success: An Integrated Model of Psychosocial Rehabilitation and Health Care Management for Older Adults with Serious Mental Illness

Older adults with serious mental illness (SMI) are a rapidly growing group of mental health consumers who are at high risk for institutionalization, excess disability, morbidity, and early mortality. Clinical services and research has largely neglected the pressing psychosocial and health care needs of this group. In this article we first provide a summary of the psychosocial and medical challenges of older people with SMI. Next, we describe a conceptual model of psychosocial rehabilitation and health care management for older people with SMI. We then present an integrated social rehabilitation and health care management intervention developed by the authors (Helping Older People Experience Success; HOPES) that was designed to meet the rehabilitative needs of older people with SMI. Finally we describe the baseline characteristics of older adults with SMI participating in a three-year randomized clinical trial that is underway to evaluate the effectiveness of HOPES compared with usual care. Implications ar...
Writing: The Engineer's Achilles' Heel

In this student paper, the author discusses technical writing with clarity as a major emphasis. It is suggested that the technical writing discipline can achieve more effective communication through the further development of writing skills.
Silica sol-gel for the controlled release of antibiotics. I. Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro release.

Room temperature processed silica sol-gel (xerogel) was investigated as a novel controlled release carrier of antibiotics (vancomycin). Xerogel characteristics, in vitro release properties, and bactericidal efficacy of the released antibiotic were determined. The xerogel/vancomycin composite showed a long-term sustained release (up to 6 weeks). In addition, bactericidal efficacy of released vancomycin was retained. The kinetics of release and the amount released were dose dependent. The initial, first-order release was followed by a near-zero-order release. The time to transition from the first- to zero-order release increased with vancomycin load (from 2 to 3 weeks with load increase from 2.2 to 11.1 mg/g). Regardless of the load, about 70% of the original vancomycin content was released by the transitional point, and the cumulative release after 6 weeks of immersion was about 90%. This study, combined with other reports documenting biocompatibility and controlled resorbability of the xerogel/drug composite in vivo, suggests that silica xerogel is a promising controlled release material for the treatment of bone infections.
Symptomatic local tumor failure following abdomino-perineal resection.

Abstract One hundred thirty eight consecutive patients who underwent abdomino-perineal resection for adenocarcinoma of the colon without adjuvant radiotherapy were studied retrospectively. They were analyzed in respect to failure rate and effect of local and distant metastases on the quality of their lives. These patients were followed for a minimum of 2 years and none were lost to follow-up. The patients in whom the tumor completely penetrated through the wall showed significant failure rates, 5196 R there were no positive nodes and 79% If there were positive nodes. The 5 year absolute survival data was 47.2% for all stages and 31.6% for Dukes' Stage C 5 . These results are comparable to other published series. 3,9,12,16 Of the 56 patients who failed, 57% had local symptoms without symptoms of distant metastases. An additional 11% had local pelvic symptoms for an average of 12.7 months prior to death with symptoms of distant metastases only during the terminal portion of their disease. Symptoms of distant metastases alone occurred In 20%. Symptomatic local and distant metastases occurred in 11%. Among patients who had symptoms of distant metastases, the average duration of these symptoms was 7.5 months prior to death compared with 12.2 months average for patients who had local symptoms. This study demonstrates that local failure is the major factor affecting the quality of life. Adjuvant radiotherapy should increase survival rates, but even R that does not occur, it would have a significant benefit by prolonging a pain-free useful life for those who fall from this disease.
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in athletes.

Introduction Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome is a congenital abnormality that involves an accessory pathway between the atria and the ventricles in addition to the normal atrioventricular node-His pathway. This extra pathway can conduct electrical impulses to the ventricles more quickly and can cause pre-excitation arrhythmias to occur [1]. Three percent to 4% of WPW cases are familial and inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. WPW syndrome has a frequency of 1.5 to 3.1 per 1000 persons in Western countries [2]. The incidence of WPW is higher in men than in women, and it can occur at any age [3]. Therefore, it is inevitable that WPW syndrome can pose a major risk to the small fraction of athletes that have inherited the condition. The following two case reports describe the evaluation of possible WPW syndrome in two Division I collegiate athletes, a female softball player and a female water polo player. Quick detection of the syndrome is vital, and this should be followed by risk stratification and treatment according to the guidelines established by the 36th Bethesda Conference.
Novel carotenol chlorin esters in marine sediments and water column particulate matter

Abstract Novel esters of carotenols and chlorins (carotenol chlorin esters, CCEs) were found in recent sediments from the California Borderlands, Monterey Bay, and the Peru and Oman margins. The chlorins associated with CCEs were pheophorbide a and pyropheophorbide a , degradation products of chlorophyll a . Isofucoxanthin-dehydrate and isofucoxanthinol-dehydrate and possibly their isomers, degradation products of fucoxanthin, were the only carotenols associated with CCEs. This result is surprising, considering that at least 8 major degradation products of fucoxanthin are present in organic-rich marine sediments. The carotenols of CCEs are likely derived from diatoms as these are the primary source for fucoxanthin in the marine environment. In sediments studied by us, CCEs contributed approximately 10% to total solvent extractable chlorins. The high relative concentrations of CCEs in these sediments suggest that CCEs are an important degradation product of chlorophyll a in some marine environments; a pathway hitherto unrecognized. Off Oman and Southern California we found CCEs in water column suspended particulate matter when diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community. By analogy with sterol chlorin esters, we suggest that CCEs are primarily produced by enzymatically mediated transesterifications in crustaceans grazing on diatoms. We are currently studying if CCEs are biomarkers for the grazing of crustaceans on diatoms, an important pathway of carbon remineralization in the marine environment.
The Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom Hierarchy and its Antithesis

The now taken-for-granted notion that data lead to information, which leads to knowledge, which in turn leads to wisdom was first specified in detail by R. L. Ackoff in 1988. The Data-Information-KnowledgeWisdom hierarchy is based on filtration, reduction, and transformation. Besides being causal and hierarchical, the scheme is pyramidal, in that data are plentiful while wisdom is almost nonexistent. Ackoff’s formula linking these terms together this way permits us to ask what the opposite of knowledge is and whether analogous principles of hierarchy, process, and pyramiding apply to it. The inversion of the DataInformation-Knowledge-Wisdom hierarchy produces a series of opposing terms (including misinformation, error, ignorance, and stupidity) but not exactly a chain or a pyramid. Examining the connections between these phenomena contributes to our understanding of the contours and limits of knowledge.
Design of an enablement process for on demand applications

In today's business and economic conditions, enterprise customers are demanding information technology (IT) solutions that are cheaper, less complex, and easier to install. At the same time, independent software vendors (ISVs) are seeing revenue from their core licensed offerings erode because of competition and market saturation. Many believe that the answer to these problems is to offer IT solutions by means of utility computing. Like an electric utility, software applications can be offered as on demand services, and customers pay only for what they use. Creating and implementing such utilities is by no means trivial. It requires some expert help and adherence to established standards and guidelines. In this paper we describe the design of such a process that we call the Application Enablement Program. The process helps ISVs transform their applications into on demand services. This process is structured, repeatable, and globally deployable.
The Poetics of Science in, and around, Nabokov's The Gift

The Gift is a strange novel: pseudo-autobiographical yet fanciful, wandering-even careening-yet, in the end, tightly woven. It portrays the literary world of the Russian emigration in Berlin, but it does so through highly idiosyncratic eyes. It is a novel about love and literary growth, yet a full quarter of it-not a trivial amount, by any reckoningdescribes the life of nineteenth-century socialist Nikolai Chernyshevsky, with another hefty chunk devoted to geographical exploration and butterfly hunting. Its heroine is Russian literature, yet alongside Ada, it is one of Nabokov's most scientifically engaged novels. How are we to resolve such discrepancies in the novel's apparently fissile energies? Up to now, most scholarship surrounding The Gift has focused on its artistic form, its literary allusiveness, and its polemics with Nabokov's ideological opponents among the 6migr6s. It has been explored, as well, as a demonstration of Nabokov's artistic vision of the world (we are allowed to see the process of Fyodor's creative perception of reality and its transformation into art); also, from the psychological point of view, as an artistic refraction of Nabokov's own loss of his father.1
Glycosylation of Variant Hemoglobins in Normal and Diabetic Subjects

The extent of in vivo glycosylation of variant hemoglobins was examined in individuals with S-, C-, and D-trait. Chromatographic estimates of glycosylation for nondiabetic individuals with S-trait were significantly lower than those for nondiabetic black subjects with normal hemoglobin (P 0.10). The chromatographic elution pattern of hemoglobin S (HbS) was determined, and on this basis an adjustment procedure was performed for chromatographic data. A regression line was calculated for the relationship between chromatographic and colorimetric estimates of glycosylated hemoglobin in S-trait individuals with and without diabetes. The slope of this line was significantly different (P < 0.001) from that for the relationship in individuals with normal hemoglobin. However, after adjustment of chromatographic values from S-trait individuals, the slopes were similar (P < 0.10). Findings from individuals heterozygous for HbC and D were similar to those for individuals with S-trait. These data indicate that the extent of glycosylation of HbS, C, and D is similar to that of HbA in both the normoglycemic and hyperglycemic range. The TBA technique is the most direct method for determining the extent of glycosylation in individuals with HbS, C, or D. However, adjustment of column chromatographic values is feasible.
Receptor-operated Ca2+ influx and its association with the Src family in secretagogue-stimulated pancreatic acini.

Abstract We investigated signal transduction between receptor-operated Ca2+ influx (ROCI) and Src-related nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) in rat pancreatic acini. CCK and the Ca2+ ionophore enhanced the Src-related PTK activity, whereas the high-affinity CCK-A receptor agonists, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and the protein kinase C (PKC) activator had no or little effect. This increase was abolished by eliminating [Ca2+]o, loading of the intracellular Ca2+ chelator, and administering the PTK inhibitor genistein. While genistein inhibited extracellular Ca2+ or Mn2+ entry induced by CCK and carbachol, it did not affect intracellular Ca2+ release and oscillations. CCK dose-dependently increased the Src phosphotransferase activity, which was abolished by inhibitors of Gq protein, phospholipase C (PLC), and Src, but not by the calmodulin kinase (CaMK) inhibitor. Intensities of the Src band and amounts of tyrosine phosphorylated Src were enhanced by CCK stimulation. Thus, Src cascades appear to be coupled to the low-affinity CCK-A receptor and utilize Gq-PLC pathways for their activation, independent of PKC and CaMK cascades. The low-affinity CCK-A receptor regulates ROCI via mediation of Src-related PTK and activates Src pathways to cause [Ca2+]o-dependent pancreatic exocytosis.
Small Sample LD50 Confidence Intervals Using Saddlepoint Approximations

Confidence intervals for the median lethal dose (LD50) and other dose percentiles in logistic regression models are developed using a generalization of the Fieller theorem for exponential families and saddlepoint approximations. Simulation results show that, in terms of one-tailed and two-tailed coverage, the proposed methodology generally outperforms competing confidence intervals obtained from the classical Fieller, likelihood ratio, and score methods. In terms of two-tailed coverage, the proposed method is comparable to the Bartlett-corrected likelihood ratio method, but generally outperforms it in terms of one-tailed coverage. An extension to the competing risk setting is presented that allows binary response adjustments to be made using observed censoring times. Supplementary materials for this article are available online at http://pubs.amstat.org.
Ammonium increases the net rate of sodium influx and partitioning to the leaf of muskmelon

Abstract The influx and partitioning of sodium (Na) is controlled by potassium (K)/Na selectivity/exchange mechanisms. Since ammonium‐nitrogen (NH4‐N) has been shown to inhibit K absorption and K/Na selectivity/exchange mechanisms control Na influx and partitioning, our objective was to observe if NH4‐N affects Na influx and partitioning in muskmelon. Muskmelon (Cucumis melo L.) were grown in a pH controlled nutrient solution with 100 mM NaCl in a complete nutrient solution containing either 10 mM nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N) or NH4‐N. With NH4‐N, Na accumulation and partitioning to the leaf blade increased while K absorption was almost completely inhibited. A second study omitted K to simulate the inhibition of K absorption by NH4‐N and monitored Na accumulation and partitioning as K was depleted in the plant. Sodium accumulation and partitioning to the leaf increased as K decreased in the plant, mirroring the effect of NH4‐N. Roots appeared healthy in both studies. Our work indicates that at a given level o...
Network management: a critical success factor for implementing computer-integrated manufacturing

Abstract Effective manufacturing automation depends on an integration framework that incorporates corporate objectives, other functional units in the corporation, production subsystems, suppliers, and customers via telecommunications networks. Network management is a critical success factor for an effective CIM program. As more competitors implement CIM, strategic advantage will diminish and only firms wth a good network management practice will enjoy a sustained advantage. The management guidelines given here can help CIM firms manage its network more effeciently to achieve a competitive edge.
Setting up a discipline, II: British history of science and “the end of ideology”, 1931–1948

Abstract For the history of science the 1940s were a transformative decade, when salient scholars like Herbert Butterfield or Alexandre Koyre set out to shape postwar culture by promoting new standards for understanding science. Some years ago I placed these developments in a tradition of enduring arts–science tensions and the contemporary notion that previous, “scientistic”, historical practices needed to be confronted with disinterested codes of historical craft ( Mayer, 2000 ). Here, I want to further explore the ideological dimensions of the processes through which the academic study of science became institutionalized. Butterfield’s generation of science historians moulded perception of science in highly specific ways. Whereas the scientist-historians of the 1930s put scientific innovation into its socio-economic contexts, postwar accounts portrayed the birth of modern science as an intellectual revolution. Anti-Marxism formed a defining feature of the process by which the image of scientific work as a disinterested journey of the mind came to be institutionalized. Rather than spelling the end of ideology, appointments processes in the early Cold War years reveal disagreement about what science was to be invariably coextensive with dissent about social and political order. Rather than testifying to irreconcilable conflicts between interestedness and historical craft, the work of both the 1930s and 40s speaks of surprisingly productive relations between the two.
Goal programming approach to marketing/ production planning

Abstract This article focuses on the need for greater coordination and integration between production and marketing. The potential conflicts between the production and marketing areas are highlighted, and a goal-programming algorithm is developed for dealing with the complex trade-off decisions involved in marketing/production planning. The algorithm is applied to a case example to illustrate its use in managerial decision making.