cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Deeply Buried Flexible Pipes

CANDE is one of the most commonly used programs for analysis of buried pipe; however, CANDE is limited to applications with small deflections. This limitation is typically not problematic, but there are some instances in which analysts may be interested in large-deflection behavior. This limitation led to the consideration of other analysis tools. In this study ANSYS, a general finite element program, was used to model the soil-pipe system. Small- and large-deflection theories of ANSYS were used in the analysis of several case studies, and the results were compared with those of CANDE. Also, a code was written to run within ANSYS to include the following soil constitutive models: the hyperbolic tangent modulus with both power and hyperbolic bulk modulus. Results obtained using ANSYS with the modified soil models were in good agreement, with less than 10% difference, except in one case: CANDE results for 6.1 m of soil cover above the springline for 610-mm pipe diameter with SM and ML soils. Use of large-de...
On the dynamic response of rigid body assemblies

Examen de la reponse dynamique de structures ayant un degre significatif de mouvement de corps rigide durant un seisme. On choisit un assemblage de prismes rigides bidimensionnels soumis a des contraintes cinematiques auto-imposees comme modele representatif de ce type de structure. Le phenomene de separation ou de soulevement a ete souvent observe entre une structure et sa base dans de nombreux seismes
PREVALENCE OF ALCOHOL-IMPAIRED DRIVING: AN INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON

This paper reports international differences in the extent of alcohol-impaired driving. These differences are then interpreted in the light of inducements and disincentives to drink and to drive.
One Neuron–Multiple Receptors: Increased Complexity in Olfactory Coding?

Olfaction—the sense of smell—is responsible for detecting molecules of immense structural variety. Precise recognition of such diverse stimuli requires a massive receptor repertoire. This functional challenge has been met by simultaneous expression of a multitude of odor-detecting receptors that all belong to the superfamily of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein (G protein)–coupled receptors. Studies conducted over the past decade have led to the assumption that an individual olfactory sensory neuron expresses only a single odorant receptor, consequently giving rise to the "one receptor–one neuron" hypothesis. This idea is attractive because of its simplicity and has served as the basis for models of olfactory coding. However, recent reports regarding Drosophila have found exceptions to the rule that could have important implications for the logic of olfactory coding.
Routine Activities And Vandalism: A Theoretical And Empirical Study

ABSTRACT Using routine activity theory this paper examines vandalism victimization rates among a sample of 1,513 American college students at nine institutions. Relying on a sophisticated set of measures of community structures, conditions, victims’ alcohol, drug and other illegal activities, lifestyle activities, and security precautions, there is strong support found for the theory. Significant predictors of vandalism victimization risks include measures of target suitability, exposure to potential offenders, victim's offending behaviors, and measures of community structure, organization and cohesion.
Clinical characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and co-occurring epilepsy.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of children with ASD and epilepsy in a large patient population. Methods: Cross-sectional study using four samples of children with ASD for a total of 5,815 participants with ASD. The prevalence of epilepsy was estimated from a population-based sample. Children with and without epilepsy were compared on demographic and clinical characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression was used to examine the association between demographic and clinical characteristics and epilepsy. Results: The average prevalence of epilepsy in children with ASD 2–17 years was 12.5%; among children aged 13 years and older, 26% had epilepsy. Epilepsy was associated with older age, lower cognitive ability, poorer adaptive and language functioning, a history of developmental regression and more severe ASD symptoms. The association between epilepsy and the majority of these characteristics appears to be driven by the lower IQ of participants with epilepsy. In a multivariate regression model, only age and cognitive ability were independently associated with epilepsy. Children age 10 or older had 2.35 times the odds of being diagnosed with epilepsy (p,.001) and for a one standard deviation increase in IQ, the odds of having epilepsy decreased by 47% (p,.001). Conclusion: This is among the largest studies to date of patients with ASD and co-occurring epilepsy. Based on a representative sample of children with ASD, the average prevalence of epilepsy is approximately 12% and reaches 26% by adolescence. Independent associations were found between epilepsy and older age and lower cognitive ability. Other risk factors, such as poor language and developmental regression, are not associated with epilepsy after controlling for IQ. These findings can help guide prognosis and alert clinicians to patients with ASD who are at increased risk for epilepsy.
Women in cardiac rehabilitation: Outcomes and identifying risk for dropout

Background Women are underrepresented in cardiac rehabilitation (CR). Few reports describe outcomes and explore factors that may be barriers to CR participation among women. The purposes of this study were to (1) compare baseline characteristics between women who completed and did not complete CR, (2) identify factors associated with women completing CR, and (3) describe outcomes among completers. Methods Study sample included women (n = 228) with coronary heart disease enrolled in CR at an academic medical center's program (January 1996-August 2003). Baseline differences between completers and noncompleters were compared; multivariate regression analyses identified factors associated with completers. Outcome measures included lipid levels, 6-minute walk distances, body mass index, Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-II), self-reports of diet, physical activity, smoking, and perceived health status. Results Mean age was 62 ± 11 years, 44% were nonwhite, and 42% were stratified as high risk. Dyslipidemia was the most common risk factor (85%) followed by hypertension (81%), low physical activity (74%), obesity (53%), diabetes (39%), and smoking (18%). BDI-II scores were elevated (≥14) in 31% of women. In the adjusted multivariate regression model, completers were less likely to be obese (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.28, CI 0.10-0.76, P = .01) or have elevated BDI-II scores (AOR 0.87, CI 0.81-0.95 P = .001) than noncompleters. Completers achieved significant improvements in all outcome measures (all P Conclusion Women enrolled in CR had a high risk factor burden and those completing achieved significant benefits. Women not completing CR were more likely to be obese or have depressive symptoms which may serve as barriers to completing CR.
High pressure visible spectroscopy of polyimide film

Spectres de films de Kapton mettant en evidence la formation de complexe par transfert de charge intermoleculaire
Chromium Cross-Links Histone Deacetylase 1-DNA Methyltransferase 1 Complexes to Chromatin, Inhibiting Histone-Remodeling Marks Critical for Transcriptional Activation

Transcriptional regulation of gene expression requires posttranslational modification of histone proteins, which, in concert with chromatin-remodeling factors, modulate chromatin structure. Exposure to environmental agents may interfere with specific histone modifications and derail normal patterns of gene expression. To test this hypothesis, we coexposed cells to binary mixtures of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), an environmental procarcinogen that activates Cyp1a1 transcriptional responses mediated by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), and chromium, a carcinogenic heavy metal that represses B[a]P-inducible AHR-mediated gene expression. We show that chromium cross-links histone deacetylase 1-DNA methyltransferase 1 (HDAC1DNMT1) complexes to Cyp1a1 promoter chromatin and inhibits histone marks induced by AHR-mediated gene transactivation, including phosphorylation of histone H3 Ser-10, trimethylation of H3 Lys-4, and various acetylation marks in histones H3 and H4. These changes inhibit RNA polymerase II recruitment without affecting the kinetics of AHR DNA binding. HDAC1 and DNMT1 inhibitors or depletion of HDAC1 or DNMT1 with siRNAs blocks chromium-induced transcriptional repression by decreasing the interaction of these proteins with the Cyp1a1 promoter and allowing histone acetylation to proceed. By inhibiting Cyp1a1 expression, chromium stimulates the formation of B[a]P DNA adducts. Epigenetic modification of gene expression patterns may be a key element of the developmental and carcinogenic outcomes of exposure to chromium and to other environmental agents. Contamination of human habitats with complex mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy metals is a common environmental health problem. Although exposure to background levels of toxic and carcinogenic compounds occurs naturally, exposures at significantly higher concentrations occur in occupational settings with agents coreleased from multiple sources. Primary among these are manufacturing processes and anthropogenic activities, such as fossil fuel combustion, municipal waste incineration, car exhaust, smelter activity, and others. Among the agents involved, chromium and benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) have ranked among the top 20 in the National Priority List of Hazardous Substances (http://www .atsdr.cdc.gov/cercla/05list.html) for as long as this list has been in existence. B[a]P is the model compound of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon biotransformation (10). B[a]P is activated primarily by the cytochrome P450 CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 enzymes, two heme-containing proteins responsible for the metabolic activation and detoxification of numerous xenobiotics. Bioactivation results in a wide range of oxygenated metabolites, some of which are highly carcinogenic (43). Cytochrome P450-catalyzed reactions lead to both the production and the detoxification of B[a]P reactive intermediates, among them 7,8-dihydroxy-9,10-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydro-B[a]P (BPDE), the
It's a dog's life.

“Mom!” “Hhhnmmm,” I groan, annoyed that my 7-year-old son’s always urgent voice penetrates the closed door of my bedroom, the sound machine, and the fan, all meant to help me sleep before my night shift. “Come quick; it’s Etta.” My irritation evaporates. I hear the worry in his voice, followed by the sounds of feet racing and stumbling down the stairs. I run too, following a trail of watery diarrhea. As I careen into the kitchen, I see Etta, our 10-year-old black lab. My husband, Ned, and son, Rees, are staring, horrified. Etta, usually an energy explosion, is swaying unsteadily, bewildered and close to collapse. She is trembling uncontrollably, salivating profusely, and laboring to breathe. Directing my stunned family, I suppress my rising panic. Ned lifts Etta into our car. Rees follows, and we race for the animal hospital. Once there, Ned hefts our 90-pound lab from the soiled car, and we move as quickly as we can to the emergency entrance. We pass a middle-aged couple, exiting as we enter, propping each other up, empty handed, animal-less. We avoid their eyes. Luckily, just as we enter, the critical care specialist approaches the registration desk. She makes a quick assessment of the situation while I tell her the story. She leads Etta away, noting her halting, stiff-legged gait. I’m handed a clipboard with admission paperwork and told to sit. We breathe a communal sigh of relief. We made it. A doctor, help. Etta has probably been poisoned. SLUDGE, salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, emesis. She has most of these symptoms. Where did she get an organophosphate? Oh my god, it must be the old lady who lives next door. She’s never liked Etta. Her yard is full of weeds, old bottles, a shopping cart, all types of trash. She’s probably putting out poison. Suddenly, I want out of this waiting room. How many times do I make nervous family members stew in my waiting room? I want to be in the back, next to Etta, talking to the vet, involved. “She will be OK, won’t she, momma?” My son’s quiet voice breaks into my thoughts. I turn. Rees’ hazel eyes mirror mine. “I think so Rees.” But truthfully I’m uncertain. I stifle my urge to invade the treatment area. I don’t trust them to figure it out. To my relief, the vet reappears to ask more questions.
Mediators of Sexual Revictimization Risk in Adult Sexual Assault Victims

This study examined sexual risk behaviors and sexual refusal assertiveness in relationship to child sexual abuse, emotion dysregulation, and adult sexual revictimization. Path analyses of 1,094 survivors who had sex in the past year were done to examine sexual risk behavior and sexual refusal assertiveness mediational pathways by which child sexual abuse severity and emotion dysregulation may affect revictimization over one year in adult female sexual assault survivors. Exchanging sex for money and sexual refusal assertiveness were significantly associated with emotion dysregulation, whereas exchanging sex for money, and not sexual refusal assertiveness, was only significantly related to child sexual abuse severity. Both exchanging sex for money and sex refusal assertiveness mediated the relationship between emotion dysregulation and adult sexual revictimization. Exchanging sex for money mediated the child sexual abuse severity-revictimization relationship. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering both risky and protective sexual behaviors in research and prevention programming that address sexual revictimization in women.
Relational blocking for causal discovery

Blocking is a technique commonly used in manual statistical analysis to account for confounding variables. However, blocking is not currently used in automated learning algorithms. These algorithms rely solely on statistical conditioning as an operator to identify conditional independence. In this work, we present relational blocking as a new operator that can be used for learning the structure of causal models. We describe how blocking is enabled by relational data sets, where blocks are determined by the links in the network. By blocking on entities rather than conditioning on variables, relational blocking can account for both measured and unobserved variables. We explain the mechanism of these methods using graphical models and the semantics of d-separation. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of relational blocking for use in causal discovery by showing how blocking can be used in the causal analysis of two real-world social media systems.
The Study of Public Administration.

Emphasis on the study of public administration has in recent years become so marked that of all the fields in the study of government it stands out as the most rapidly growing. What Woodrow Wilson called attention to some fifty years ago has in fact become the center of interest in political science. No longer is hard study confined to the problem of making constitutions. The study of administration has concerned itself extensively with the processes and procedures, with the ways of carrying out public policy. However, Woodrow Wilson's advice, recommending the careful determination of the basic political conceptions necessary for the student of public administration, has not always been followed; and the present note is designed to suggest some factors bearing on these basic political conceptions. Specifically, it is to be emphasized that the means through which the state carries on its functions cannot be adequately analyzed except in relation to its ends.
Limits on an extension of Carleson’s $$\bar \partial - Theorem$$

We study a theorem essentially due to Carleson about solving the\(\bar \partial - equation\) on the unit disk. We show that this theorem generalizes to bordered Riemann surfaces with finitely generated fundamental groups. However, our main result is that the constant appearing in the generalized theorem cannot be taken to be independent of the bordered Riemann surface in question. We exhibit a sequence of (topologically equivalent) Riemann surfaces on which the constant tends to ∞. Since Carleson’s\(\bar \partial - theorem\) depends on the notion of a Carleson measure, we also discuss Carleson measures at some length in order to define them appropriately on arbitrary Riemann surfaces.
Re-analysis confirms the polyphyly of Lamprotula Simpson, 1900 (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

Zhou et al. (2007, Acta Zoologica Sinica, 53: 1024–1030) reported the eastern Asian freshwater mussel genus Lamproula sensu lato Simpson, 1900 (Unionidae) to be polyphyletic and advocated a revision of the genusand family-level classifications. However, their taxon sampling and analyses were insufficient to infer accurately the systematic placement of the resultant clades. We reanalysed their mtDNA ND1 and 16S sequences in a broader phylogenetic context. In addition to nine putative species of Lamprotula s. l., we sampled genera from five of six unionid subfamilies as well as two outgroup families (34 species in total). Both character partitions were analysed separately and in combination under maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood, and combined matrices were also examined using Bayesian inference. Our results confirm support for polyphyly among the species of Lamprotula s. l., with genus-level clades recovered in two different unionid subfamilies. The taxonomic implications of recognizing two genera, Lamprotula sensu stricto (subfamily Gonideinae) and Aculamprotula Wu, Liang, Wang & Ouyang, 1999 (subfamily Unioninae), are discussed, as are anomalies discovered in the published data. It is concluded that, while Lamprotula s. l. is polyphyletic, a more comprehensive revision is necessary to determine the valid names for these two genera.
Effects of Spinal Anesthesia upon Venous Pressure in Man

SummaryA decrease of venous pressure follows spinal anesthesia accompanied by intercostal paralyses irrespective of arterial pressure changes. A further decrease accompanies a fall of arterial pressure. No consistent changes accompanied low spinal anesthesia.
The Effect of Temperature on Defect Production in Copper Doped with Beryllium

The effect of temperature on radiation-induced defect production was investigated in Cu single crystal films doped with ∼ 100 ppm Be. Frenkel pair production was determined at 55K and 190K as a function of electron energy and incident beam direction using in situ electrical resistivity measurements in the high voltage electron microscope. The crystallographic anisotropy of defect production was found to be considerably greater for irradiations at 55K than for irradiations below 10K. This difference is related largely to an observed anisotropy in the stage I defect recovery. It was found in isochronal annealing experiments after irradiation nearthreshold that the resistivity remaining after stage I was nearly twice as large for recoils along as compared to .
DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMENT OF AN OLDER RUNNER WITH AN ATYPICAL NEURODYNAMIC PRESENTATION: A CASE FOR CLINICAL REASONING

Study design Case Report. Background and purpose The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical reasoning process involved with the differential diagnosis and management of a 69 year-old male runner reporting a six month history of insidious onset of left sided low back and buttock pain of low to medium degree of irritability. The case presented describes the utilization of clinical reasoning by a clinician in fellowship training when a patient with atypical adverse neurodynamic dysfunction related to running was encountered. Case description The patient's physical examination was relatively unremarkable. Assessment of the patient's subjective history, self-report measures [Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), global rating of change scale (GROC)], objective findings, and tests and measures led to a working diagnosis of atypical adverse peripheral neurodynamic dysfunction. The lumbar spine, sacroiliac joint, hip joint and lower extremity were ruled out by a comprehensive subjective and objective examination. The diagnosis of adverse neurodynamic dysfunction became a diagnosis of exclusion. Outcomes Returning two and a half weeks after initial evaluation the patient reported no pain with running. Twelve weeks after the initiation of physical therapy, the patient was contacted via email. He was sent, and asked to fill out an ODI. The patient demonstrated an improvement in ODI from 10% to 2%. He also reported that he continued to run after treatment without pain. Discussion Determining the source of a patient complaint can occasionally be an arduous undertaking. Pathological sources of a patient's symptoms may not be easily determined. Development of differential diagnosis and clinical reasoning skills is imperative. Improving clinical reasoning skills requires deliberate practice through reflective thinking before, during, and after patient interactions. Refinement of these skills leads to the primary goal of identifying the patient's clinical presentation, thus matching it with the most effective treatment approach. Level of evidence Level 4.
Contemporary American stepparenthood: Integrating cohabiting and nonresident stepparents

Our understanding of contemporary stepfamily life requires incorporating emerging trends in cohabitation and nonresident stepparenting into our `traditional' definition of a stepparent (married adult with resident stepchildren). Using the National Survey of Families and Households, I provide a demographic profile of stepparents that includes cohabiting and nonresident stepparents. Adopting this revised view of stepparenthood alters our knowledge of both the prevalence and composition of stepparent families. The `traditional' definition of a stepparent is shown to describe less thanhalf of all stepparents today. Results also highlight diversity in stepparents' parenting obligations and sociodemographic characteristics. This revised view of stepparenthood has implications for future research on and policy targeted at stepfamilies.
Socioeconomic Status, Race/Ethnicity, and Diurnal Cortisol Trajectories in Middle-Aged and Older Adults

Objectives Slow afternoon cortisol decline may be a marker of aging. We hypothesize that lower socioeconomic status (SES) and African American race are associated with lower waking cortisol and slower afternoon decline. Method Six salivary cortisol samples, collected within a 24-hr period from 566 cohort participants aged 56-78 years, were examined in random-effects models. SES measures included socioeconomic vulnerability (household income and assets <500% of poverty) and education (≥college, some college, and ≤high school). African Americans were compared with all others. Results Adjusting for age and sex, intermediate, but not low, education was associated with approximately 17% lower average waking cortisol and 1% slower decline, compared with high education. Socioeconomic vulnerability was not associated with waking cortisol or linear decline. Accounting for African American race/ethnicity, socioeconomic vulnerability was associated with a 3% faster decline, and education was not associated with cortisol. African Americans had 26% lower average waking cortisol and 1% slower decline than others. Discussion African American race/ethnicity, but not lower SES, was associated with lower waking cortisol and slower afternoon decline in middle-aged and older adults. This pattern is likely a marker of earlier biological aging in vulnerable groups. Race/ethnicity may compete with SES as a measure of cumulative vulnerability.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AFFECTING SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS. A REVIEW

Effects of temperature, salinity, water activity, and pH on survival and growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus are reviewed. Maximum and minimum tolerances to these environmental factors are summarized, with special emphasis on conditions which exert stress or lethal effects on the organism. Behavior of V. parahaemolyticus as influenced by the interaction of environmental parameters is discussed.
Comment on Gardner: Duty and Right in Private Law

John Gardner’s From Personal Life to Private Law is a striking marriage of cultivated sensibility and analytic prowess. Professor Gardner is both acutely sensitive to the lived experience of our moral relationships and highly skilled at disentangling the threads which those relationships weave together to realize rich and distinctive forms of value. From Personal Life to Private Law pursues its thesis that there are multiple and deep connections between the ideas of duty, responsibility and reparation that lie at the center of private law and their counterparts in the relationships that figure centrally in our private lives with both subtlety and rigor. The work stimulates in the way that only the best tort theory does.My Comment is shaped by two responses to this overarching theme. On the one hand, I share Gardner’s doubts that the form of the tort lawsuit should loom as large as it does in the tort theories of Coleman, Ripstein, Weinrib and others. Duties of repair live in the shadow of primary duties of respect, and come into play only when those primary duties have not been discharged. Tort lawsuits and their form are secondary, not primary. On the other hand, private law and personal life diverge in very important ways. Coercion and rights loom large in tort whereas they are conspicuously absent from Gardner’s account of the morality of private life. In private life, obligations loom much larger than rights. We have the tort duties that we have primarily because we have interests important enough to justify constraining our conduct towards each other. Many of the duties that we have in personal life, by contrast, are not owed to specific persons and are not coercively enforceable by them. Characteristically, the duties on which Professor Gardner dwells are justified because they enable to realize values which are important to our (private) lives, but which have little if anything to do with respect for important interests of others. We tend to lose sight of this fundamental difference between private law and private life if we focus too intently on the interconnections between the two domains.
Mapping in Public Health

The history and development of public health was motivated, illustrated, and implemented with the use of maps. In this chapter, we provide a brief review of the use of maps and related concepts in public health spanning from medieval plague quarantine plans to remotely sensed satellite measures of air pollution. We begin with early maps of infectious disease (e.g., plague, yellow fever, and cholera) including an in-depth review of Dr. John Snow’s famed map of the 1854 London cholera epidemic. We also review the role of mapping in contemporary political debates regarding miasma versus contagion as underlying causes of disease and associated early public health responses such as sanitation and quarantine. We next highlight atlases of disease identifying, documenting, labeling, and mapping endemic areas of known diseases (e.g., yellow fever, cholera, and leprosy) across the globe . Finally, we outline the rise of quantification of observed patterns and the use of spatial statistical techniques to investigate epidemiologic hypotheses regarding geographic variations in disease risk and associations with potential local explanatory factors. Taken together, we find a rich history of mapping in the development, maturation, and modern implementation of public health science and practice.
Like Company, like Self: A Multilevel Argument Explaining Firms' Level of Engagement in Corporate Social Responsibility:

This conceptual paper examines how managers, acting as organisational agents, can influence their firm's level of engagement in corporate social responsibility (CSR). With CSR considered as a strategic choice, this paper undertakes to model the largely under-studied processes through which managers proactively pursue the enactment of their identity – their self – and their social role in their position of power in the firm's management team. The study offers a new framework connecting these multilevel influences, suggesting that firms present the highest level of CSR when led by managers who intrinsically value CSR, who perceive their social role as a salient identity, and who have the ability to exercise power in their management team. Implications for managers and researchers complete this article.
Patient-reported quality of life after bariatric surgery: a single institution analysis

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery is an effective weight loss and comorbidity treatment among severely obese patients. However, there are limited data describing its impact on patient-reported quality of life (QoL). We examined patient-reported QoL after bariatric surgery and analyzed variables associated with higher postoperative QoL. Methods Patient demographics, comorbidities, and weight loss data were obtained from our institutional database for patients who underwent bariatric surgery from January 2010 to December 2012. QoL scores were obtained during preoperative and postoperative visits (2, 6, 12, 24, 52, and 104 wk) from the Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to generate odds ratios for variables hypothesized a priori to be associated with higher postoperative QoL. Results A total of 209 patients were included in the study. Patients lost an average of 59.1% (±19.0) of excess body weight 1 y after surgery. One-year postoperative QoL scores were available for 42% of patients. Mean QoL scores improved from 0.82 preoperatively to 1.66 1 y postoperatively (P = 0.004). Patients scored higher in all individual areas of Moorehead-Ardelt Quality of Life Questionnaire II: self-esteem (0.22 versus 0.36), physical activity (0.11 versus 0.31), social life (0.28 versus 0.36), work ability (0.07 versus 0.22), sexual functioning (0.04 versus 0.16), and approach to food (0.11 versus 0.26; all P values Conclusions Bariatric surgery patients experienced significant improvement in QoL 1 y after surgery. Identifying modifiable predictors of high QoL after bariatric surgery requires additional investigation.
Pediatric Sepsis Endotypes Among Adults With Sepsis.

Objectives Recent transcriptomic studies describe two subgroups of adults with sepsis differentiated by a sepsis response signature. The implied biology and related clinical associations are comparable with recently reported pediatric sepsis endotypes, labeled "A" and "B." We classified adults with sepsis using the pediatric endotyping strategy and the sepsis response signature and determined how endotype assignment, sepsis response signature membership, and age interact with respect to mortality. Design Retrospective analysis of publically available transcriptomic data representing critically ill adults with sepsis from which the sepsis response signature groups were derived and validated. Setting Multiple ICUs. Patients Adults with sepsis. Interventions None. Measurements and main results Transcriptomic data were conormalized into a single dataset yielding 549 unique cases with sepsis response signature assignments. Each subject was assigned to endotype A or B using the expression data for the 100 endotyping genes. There were 163 subjects (30%) assigned to endotype A and 386 to endotype B. There was a weak, positive correlation between endotype assignment and sepsis response signature membership. Mortality rates were similar between patients assigned endotype A and those assigned endotype B. A multivariable logistic regression model fit to endotype assignment, sepsis response signature membership, age, and the respective two-way interactions revealed that endotype A, sepsis response signature 1 membership, older age, and the interactions between them were associated with mortality. Subjects coassigned to endotype A, and sepsis response signature 1 had the highest mortality. Conclusions Combining the pediatric endotyping strategy with sepsis response signature membership might provide complementary, age-dependent, biological, and prognostic information.
Managing resource commitment and participant diversity in collaborative innovations

In this study, we argue that although resource commitment and participant diversity could be separately beneficial to innovation outcomes, a collaborative project characterized by significant resource commitment and participant diversity may actually be counterproductive because of learning challenges and incentive problems. We used data from the Advanced Technology Program (ATP), a federally-organized collaboration program, to test this argument. Our results show that there is a negative interaction effect of resource commitment and participant diversity on innovation performance. We also found that this negative effect is more salient when there is a lower level of trust among participating firms and when the collaborative project is less technically difficult. Theoretical and managerial implications are further discussed.
A Posteriori Error Estimators for Adaptive Spectral Element Techniques

Aspects of adaptive spectral element methods are presented with emphasis on the a posteriori error estimators used in the automatic mesh refinement process. The nonconforming formulation of the method is reviewed in an effort to illustrate the various mesh refinement options available. Single mesh a posteriori error estimators are developed for the spectral element method. These estimate the actual error incurred by the discretization on a local per element basis and predict the convergence behaviour of the numerical solution as well. As a result the error estimators serve as criteria in the choice of refinement options. The usefulness of the estimators is demonstrated through examples of Navier-Stokes calculations.
Relationship Between Dental Hygiene Students' Performance in an Oral Radiology Course and the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination: A Retrospective Study.

Dental hygiene students' performance in oral radiology courses may give an early indication of their readiness prior to taking the National Board Dental Hygiene Examination (NBDHE). The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between dental hygiene students' performance in an oral radiology lecture course and their performance on the NBDHE. Data were collected for all 117 dental hygiene students at Texas AM the weakest relationship was with scores in pharmacology. This relationship can help identify students who may need extra support in the oral radiology course and other courses to prepare them to succeed when they take the NBDHE. This study also contributes to understanding of the general relationship between dental hygiene program courses and students' success on the clinical licensing exam and will hopefully encourage other programs to assess their students' performance in this way.
Mobility, Migration and Mystery in Maurice Gouiran’s Marseille Polars

This article analyzes the return of the past in three of Marseille-based crime novelist Maurice Gouiran’s novels: La Porte des Orients perdus (2004), Et l’ete finira (2012), and Les vrais durs meurent aussi (2015). Lead investigator Clovis Narigou travels far and wide in his quests to solve the murders of those in his community, and he frequently includes pedagogical asides to educate readers on the historical contexts that brought these victims to Marseille. In the three novels considered here, Narigou investigates Marseille’s historical relationship to the French Empire and how the end of this era continues to resonate in Marseille. As he emphasizes, past injustices continue to shape the present and can only be resolved through recognition and acknowledgement of earlier traumas. In these novels readers see the power of the polar genre both to uncover Marseille’s unique history regarding population migration and mobility and to propose an alternative, inclusive social model.
A Creative Living Center for the Mentally Ill

An experimental program is launched to offer social activities and problem-solving experiences in groups to former patients of a state hospital
Advances in NKT cell Immunotherapy for Glioblastoma

Type I or invariant natural killer T cells belong to a unique lineage of innate T cells, which express markers of both T lymphocytes and NK cells, namely T cell receptor (TCR) and NK1.1 (CD161C), respectively. Thus, apart from direct killing of target cells like NK cells, and they also produce a myriad of cytokines which modulate the adaptive immune responses. Unlike traditional T cells which carry a conventional ab TCR, NKT cells express semiinvariant TCR – Va14-Ja18, coupled with Vb8, Vb7 and Vb2 in mice. In humans, the invariant TCR is composed of Va24-Ja18, coupled with Vb11.
Spontaneous Cerebral Hypothermia After Severe Head Injury: Relation with Brain Chemistry and Cerebrovascular Parameters

Secondary ischemic events are one of the major causes of bad outcome in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Multiple clinical trials testing diverse neuroprotective compounds have so far failed to provide new therapies. Nevertheless, multiple studies using hypothermia have shown evidence of benefit, and the latest results of a U.S. multicenter hypothermia trial are awaited. Meanwhile hypothermia is being used in many neurosurgical centers all over the world and especially in Japan. We therefore retrospectively analyzed patients suffering from TBI with a Glascow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 8 or less. We studied brain temperature using a multiparameter sensor, brain chemistry using microdialysis, intracranial pressure (ICP) using a ventriculostomy, and cerebral blood flow (CBF) using stable-xenon CT. Patients were retrospectively separated into four temperature cohorts according to their brain temperature. Patients with spontaneous hypothermia (Tbr < 36°C) significantly differed from the other cohorts. The mean ICP (P < 0.01), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (P < 0.001), and glutamate P < 0.0004) were significantly higher, whereas the CBF (P < 0.05) and brain glucose were lower. A negative brain temperature-rectal temperature (Trect) difference (ΔTbr-Trect) was correlated with a bad outcome as observed in the patients with spontaneous brain hypothermia and those with therapeutic cooling. When monitoring severely brain-injured patients, spontaneous brain hypothermia and a negative brain to rectal temperature difference (ΔTbr-Trect) represents an indicator of bad outcome and brain chemistry derangement (glutamate, lactate, glucose) and CBF.
The Commitment to Democracy

Chapter One illuminated a difficult set of political and aesthetic criticisms that could be avoided entirely with a plausible nonperfectionist justification of arts subsidy. The remainder of this book seeks to formulate such an alternative. Rather than claiming a life with art is intrinsically superior to other ways of living, the book argues the arts are instrumentally valuable to what is perhaps our most widely-held public value—democratic self-rule. This chapter lays the groundwork for the larger argument by examining our commitment to democracy. It argues that our commitment to democracy rests on a contingent belief in the value of human autonomy, as well as a belief that democracy is the form of governing that best respects autonomy. The chapter concludes by exploring the extent to which our commitment to democracy implies an obligation to educate future citizens.
Novel Strategies for Cancer Treatment through Modulation of Proimmune and Proinflammatory Cytokines

The remarkable progress in understanding the molecular basis of the immune system has prompted new strategies for the treatment of experimental and human cancers. In particular, the cloning and identification of the biological activity of cytokine genes has allowed for the activation and expansion of various hematolymphoid populations with cytotoxic potential. Extrapolation from results obtained with cytokines in biological systems in vitro and in vivo suggest that, in general, cytokines act potently to modulate immune and inflammatory responses locally, but rarely mediate systemic activation of immune and inflammatory cells. The localized action of cytokines is also predictable from their release by helper T lymphocyte (and other cell) populations upon exposure to an antigenic challenge which, in most physiological situations, is a localized event. In terms of activating cytotoxic cells for the killing of tumors, this property of cytokine action must be considered. This report describes strategies that have been developed to direct T cell dependent and independent cytotoxicity against established cancers in experimental animals. These strategies have relied upon the identification of specific proinflammatory and proimmune properties of various cytokines with respect to tumor cells. The use of viral vectors enabling the targeting of cytokine gene products to sites of tumor cell growth have led to gene therapy strategies which take advantage of the potent localized actions of these proteins.
Becoming Music Teachers in a Supportive String Project Community

The purpose of this descriptive case study was to examine two music education students’ experiences as String Project teachers (SPTs). Research questions were as follows: What connections were made...
Electronic structure and anomalous Hall effect in the ferromagnetic 3 d − 5 d superlattice SrMnO 3 / SrIrO 3

The electronic structure and the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) at the recently grown $3d\text{\ensuremath{-}}5d$ superlattice structure ${({\mathrm{SrMnO}}_{3})}_{1}/{({\mathrm{SrIrO}}_{3})}_{1}$ are investigated theoretically using model and density-functional calculations. The observed ferromagnetism for the SMO layer, which becomes electron doped because of the charge transfer across the interface, is explained to be due to the Anderson-Hasegawa double exchange, while the SIO side becomes ferromagnetic due to the proximity effect and the Nagaoka physics of a hole-doped system. The broken time-reversal symmetry and the strong spin-orbit coupling in SIO provide the two essential ingredients for the AHE, which we describe within a square lattice model of $d$-orbitals relevant for the present structure. The model correctly predicts the order of magnitude of the anomalous Hall conductivity (AHC), which is computed using the Kubo formula. The density-functional results for the AHC are in good agreement with the experiments.
Greater Mexico: Homeland, Colonialism, and Genetics

Chavez outlines the connections between internal colonialism and indigeneity and argues that the latter concept is essential to colonial theory because it helps define the colonized and establishes historic rights to place in society. For example, historically the struggles of Mexicans in the United States have had much to do with claims to homeland, including issues of borders, immigration, residency, and citizenship. Since the 1960s Mexicans have helped develop ‘internal colonialism,’ based on the belief that they are natives, rather than aliens or simple immigrants in the U.S. Southwest. This chapter examines that position by reviewing secondary and primary sources on the demography and genetics of Mexicans as related especially to their ‘Indian’ origins.
Selenium effects on glutathione peroxidase and the immune response of stressed calves challenged with Pasteurella hemolytica.

The present study was conducted to determine whether a marginal Se deficiency affects health, blood characteristics and the immune response of calves subjected to stresses associated with weaning, shipping (332 km) and Pasteurella hemolytica inoculation. Treatments were 1) -Se, 2) -Se/P. hemolytica, 3) +Se (.1 mg Se/kg feed) and 4) +Se/P. hemolytica. Previous Se intake was controlled; dams of -Se calves were fed diets marginally deficient in Se (.03 to .05 mg/kg), whereas dams of +Se calves received a s.c. injection of 30 mg Se (as sodium selenite) every 60 d. Calves were inoculated with P. hemolytica intratracheally on d 3 following weaning and transport. Inoculation with P. hemolytica increased (P less than .05) body temperatures, platelet counts, serum IgM concentrations and serum antibody titers and decreased serum albumin concentrations at 4 to 7 d postinoculation. Weight gains for the 21-d study were not affected by Se status, although whole blood and plasma glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were higher (P less than .05) for +Se calves. Plasma GSH-Px increased (P less than .01) in calves showing signs of morbidity. Increases in plasma GSH-Px were correlated positively with body temperature. Serum IgM concentrations were higher (P less than .05) in +Se calves on d 17, but Se-supplemented calves had lower (P less than .05) anti-P. hemolytica titers on d 17 than -Se calves. Selenium status did not affect body temperatures, plasma creatine phosphokinase or serum IgG and albumin concentrations. These results indicate that Se status can affect IgM concentrations following stress.
Factors influencing quality of life in African-American dementia dyads

Objective: Both caregivers and the older adults they care for can experience declines in quality of life (QOL) over the course of the dementia trajectory. Little research has examined QOL in African-American caregivers and even less in African-American persons with dementia (PWDs), making it difficult to identify associated factors.Method: Guided by the Negro Family as a Social System framework, a secondary data analysis was used to examine the influence of family structure, instrumental and expressive role functions on QOL in a sample of 62 African-American dementia dyads (i.e. African-American PWDs and their African-American caregivers). Dyadic data were analyzed using multilevel modeling to control for the interdependent nature of the data.Results: On average, African-American PWDs reported significantly worse QOL than African-American caregivers. Within African-American dementia dyads, QOL covaried. African-American PWDs experienced significantly worse QOL when their caregiver was a non-spouse and they themselves perceived less involvement in decision-making. In addition, African-American caregivers experienced significantly worse QOL when they reported greater dyadic strain with the African-American PWD and were non-spouses of African-American PWDs.Conclusion: Findings suggest understanding the interpersonal characteristics (e.g., dyadic relationship, family structure and role functions) of dyads may hold promise for improving their QOL.