cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Auditory event-related potentials (P300) in the identification of psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Abstract The feasibility and conceivable value of postictal event-related potential (ERP) recordings were studied in patients with nonepileptic seizures (NES) admitted for long-term video/EEG monitoring. Ten patients with NES underwent preictal (on hospital admission) and postictal (⩽6 hours after seizure) ERP recordings of an auditory oddball paradigm. Additionally, 10 temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients with partial seizures and secondary generalization underwent preictal, postictal ( z scores, are used to determine test–retest validity of repeated ERP recordings. An independent sample t test with z scores for the comparison of preictal and postictal recordings showed that ERP activation differed between NES and TLE patients ( P =0.009). More specifically, ERP recordings in the preictal and postictal states were similar in NES patients, but dissimilar in TLE patients. On the other hand, this dissimilarity in ERPs disappeared when comparing z scores for the preictal and postictal recordings in NES patients with z scores for the preictal and interictal recordings in TLE patients. This further supports the notion that identical waveforms during preictal and postictal recordings in NES patients reflect nonepileptic seizure activity. The current findings suggest that postictal ERP recordings are useful in the diagnosis of NES and differentiate TLE from NES.
Quantitative analysis of the microstructure of the human cornea and sclera using 2‐D Fourier methods

Summary A two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier analysis was used to characterize the microstructure of the human cornea and sclera. The average centre-to-centre spacing of collagen fibrils was found to be 59 nm for the cornea and 285 nm for the sclera. These results agreed with those obtained by direct measurement using the electron micrographs, and those reported in the literature. The spatial order in the microstructure of the cornea was much greater when compared with that of the sclera. The results of the 2-D Fourier analysis were consistent with the theory of transparency of the eye. The 2-D Fourier analysis will be useful in quantitative characterization and analysis of the complex microstructure of biological cells and tissues in normal development and abnormal pathogenesis.
The $\mathbf{\aleph}_1$-Categoricity of Strictly Upper Triangular Matrix Rings Over Algebraically Closed Fields

Let n ≥ 3. The following theorems are proved. Theorem. The theory of the class of strictly upper triangular n × n matrix rings over fields is finitely axiomatizable . Theorem. If R is a strictly upper triangular n × n matrix ring over a field K, then there is a recursive map σ from sentences in the language of rings with constants for K into sentences in the language of rings with constants for R such that K ⊨ φ if and only if R φ σ(φ). Theorem. The theory of a strictly upper triangular n × n matrix ring over an algebraically closed field is ℵ 1 - categorical .
Regional differences in gradients of dry residue density in oral epithelia of the rat: A quantitative study

Grams of dry weight per cm3 of tissue (DRD) were determined on the successive histologic layers of rat buccal and palatal mucosa, both of which form thick layers of orthokeratin. The experimental animals were six young adult male albinos of Simonsen strain. Microdissection was used for isolation of tissue fragments from frozendashdried sections, a quartz fibre balance (according to Lowry) for weighing and a split-image microscope for measuring the dimensions of the fragments. The density of basal cells in both tissues was 0.26g/cm3 and both showed a rise of 12 per cent between basal and lower spinous cells. Succeeding layers of the palate showed a continuous rise, those of cheek a continuous decline. The greatest change in both tissues occurred between granular and keratin layer. Palatal keratin had a density of 0.63g/cm3, buccal keratin of 0.21g/cm3. Sample variability was 9–12 per cent of the average per layer per animal and greatest in cheek keratin. Individual variability was 2–6 per cent of the average for six animals. Taking changes in cell size into account, it was concluded that loss of water occurs between granular and keratin layers of the palate, but uptake of water between deeper and superficial keratin cells of the cheek. Different regions of oral orthokeratin thus showed opposite responses to their common fluid environment.
A model for the damping of torsional vibration in thin-walled tubes with constrained viscoelastic layers

A model for torsional vibration of slender thin-walled tubes with constrained-layer dampers is developed. Assuming that the deformation obeys the Saint-Venant hypotheses, we develop a model suitable for prediction of the complex stiffness per unit length in closed, thin-walled tubes whose walls consist of laminated elastic and viscoelastic layers, and formulate a boundary-value problem for the warping deformations arising under Saint-Venant torsion. For some basic cross-sectional shapes, we solve the warping problem and thence obtain closed-form expressions for the complex stiffness per unit length. Next, we provide some guidelines for the design of tubes with high damping in torsion. Finally, we compare the damping predicted by the model to measurements performed on a simple structure.
Anthropology: A Guide to Basic Sources

If the bibliographic apparatus is the measure of a discipline's maturity, anthropology has come of age. Anthropology now has at least one entry in nearly all of the standard library reference formats — abstracts, annuals, atlases, dictionary‐encyclopedia, directories (to serials, biographical information, and academic departments), guides to the field, handbooks, indexes, library catalogs, and literature reviews. Some titles do not pigeon‐hole neatly into these categories, and some are beginning efforts, but it is important to know that they do at least exist.
Gender and Generation in Poor Women's Household Health Production Experiences

This study examines women's daily domestic health work in low-income Mexican American and anglo households with young children in the southwestern United States. The women described the experience of domestic health work as a gendered endeavor reflecting essential differences between women and men. In times of illness, Mexican American women obtained help from female relatives, and conflicts with male partners were frequent. Antagonisms between Mexican American women and their partners were heightened by both cultural beliefs (such as maternal sacrifice) and socioeconomic factors (such as more children and deeper poverty). Anglo women relied more heavily on aid from spouses and less on that of women kin. The private stories of women in poverty supplement the public academic discourse on household health production by emphasizing the culturally linked interplay of gender and generation in health production and therapy management.
Allergic encephalomyelitis: the physico-chemical properties of the basic protein encephalitogen from bovine spinal cord☆

Abstract A protein encephalitogen, isolated in a homogeneous state from bovine spinal cord, was found to have unusual properties. It was highly basic, containing 38 moles/ mole of basic amino acids (arginine, lysine, histidine) and only 7 moles/mole of acidic amino acids (glutamic and aspartic acid); the calculated isoionic point exceeded 12. Only one tryptophan (determined by three independent methods) and two methionine residues were present; no carbohydrate or lipid was associated with the isolated protein. Although similar to certain histone fractions, it differed from these proteins in its much higher content of histidine, glycine, and serine, and its lower content of alanine. The N-terminal position is blocked. The molecular weight determined by sedimentation equilibrium techniques was 16,400 daltons; by sedimentation-viscosity, 16,200; and by UV absorption studies based on the tyrosine-tryptophan content, 16,200. Estimates of molecular weight based on the amino acid analysis gave values of 15,500–18,200 daltons. An intrinsic viscosity of 9.27 ml/g and viscosity increment of 12.9 were found. From these data an axial ratio (a/b) of approximately 10:1 (assuming no hydration and a prolate ellipsoid) was calculated, revealing that the molecule is highly unfolded and approximates a rod-like shape. This property accounts for the unexpected behavior of this basic protein on gel nitration which has led to erroneously high molecular weight values. A small degree of aggregation was observed as indicated by the high molecular weight estimate of 22,300 found near the cell bottom using a long-column sedimentation equilibrium technique. No evidence of aggregation was observed at pH 2.6, 7.0, or 9.5 during sedimentation velocity studies. An S 0 20 , w value of 1.72S was found at pH 2.6, ionic strength 0.25. Considerable variation of the S 20, w was found with protein concentration, but not with pH. The highly extended conformation of the Al molecule, found from viscosity studies, is compatible with its resistance to denaturation; no loss in encephalitogenic activity was found following heating at 100 ° for 1 hr, treatment with 8 m urea for 8 hr, or incubation at pH 10.0 for 8 hr. Moreover, these procedures do not diminish interaction with antibody measured by the Ouchterlony and passive hemagglutination inhibition tests. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also revealed no drastic changes in conformation arising from these procedures. It was concluded from these data that hydrophobic and hydrogen bonding play a minor role in the overall conformation of the A1 protein molecule. This property is of interest in considering the role of this protein as a membrane component.
A simple ultrasonic method for evaluating liver size

By measuring the liver area (maximum seciton) and plotting this against intra-abdoinal area at the same level, one can calculate tolerance levels for 80 per cent of the population (63 normal patients) with a 95 per cent confidence. This provides a simple semiquantitative index in relating liver size of a specific patient to the normal range. Its use in 14 patients with liver disease was demonstrated.
EFFECT OF LOCAL VERSUS CENTRAL READING AND IMAGE QUALITY ON SONOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS OF INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE. † 1481

Cranial sonography (CS) is the most commonly used tool for imaging the neonatal brain. Yet, little is known about inter-rater reliability and the effect of image quality on final interpretation. As part of a multi-center study, 1524 CS on 590 infants were interpreted for presence and severity(Papile grade) of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) by 3 pediatric radiologists experienced in cranial sonography. Discrepancies among the 3 central readers were adjudicated and final interpretation reached by consensus. The quality of a subset of sonograms (1004) was assessed as good, poor but readable, and unreadable. Final interpretation by central readers was compared to that of local readers and congruence assessed by the Kappa statistic.
The Adoption of Constitutional Home Rule: A Test of Endogenous Policy Decentralization

Home rule reduced control by the state legislature and gave municipalities the option of self-chartering and the ability to independently determine their desired structure and functions. Fiscal federalism theory suggests that decentralization of power is more likely when there is heterogeneity across local governments. The theory is empirically tested by considering municipal-level demand for home rule, measured by predicting a latent taste for home rule. The evidence indicates states that adopted constitutional home rule had stronger and more heterogeneous municipal-level preferences. This paper highlights the importance of considering both within and across state heterogeneity in the endogenous determination of institutions.
Impact investing: a preliminary analysis of emergent primary and secondary exchange platforms

The purpose of this article is to present a brief synthesis of the impact investment market as it relates to barriers to the full development of this market. We examine some developments that have emerged to address these barriers. We include a brief overview of the impact investing field and the current landscape of social enterprises, the vast majority of which are non-profit organizations increasingly engaged in business activity. We address the lack of liquidity in this market and the need for secondary markets that enable investor exit. We present a preliminary summary of findings on a few exchange platforms – primary and secondary – that have emerged very recently to coordinate this market in several countries.
Discovery of Amphipathic Dynorphin A Analogues to Inhibit the Neuroexcitatory Effects of Dynorphin A through Bradykinin Receptors in the Spinal Cord

We hypothesized that under chronic pain conditions, up-regulated dynorphin A (Dyn A) interacts with bradykinin receptors (BRs) in the spinal cord to promote hyperalgesia through an excitatory effect, which is opposite to the well-known inhibitory effect of opioid receptors. Considering the structural dissimilarity between Dyn A and endogenous BR ligands, bradykinin (BK) and kallidin (KD), this interaction could not be predicted, but it allowed us to discover a potential neuroexcitatory target. Well-known BR ligands, BK, [des-Arg10, Leu9]-kallidin (DALKD), and HOE140 showed different binding profiles at rat brain BRs than that previously reported. These results suggest that neuronal BRs in the rat central nervous system (CNS) may be pharmacologically distinct from those previously defined in non-neuronal tissues. Systematic structure–activity relationship (SAR) study at the rat brain BRs was performed, and as a result, a new key structural feature of Dyn A for BR recognition was identified: amphipathicity....
Phase II Study of Combination Thalidomide/Interleukin-2 Therapy Plus Granulocyte Macrophage-Colony Stimulating Factor in Patients With Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma

Objective:The early efficacy and safety findings observed with thalidomide plus low-dose Interleukin-2 (IL-2) combination therapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) formed the foundation for this study. Granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is an importan
Visual Mechanisms and Predictors of Far Field Visual Task Performance

Visual mechanisms involved in target detection, recognition, and tracking were examined. Relationships were analyzed in the context of simulated combat, focusing on the short range air defense weapon operator. Objectives were to identify visual ability interrelationships, predictors of performance, and interactions with target characteristics, directional cuing and experience. Good predictors included visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, resting focus, near focal point, and blur interpretation. Many of these abilities interacted with the independent variables, producing differential effects on performance. Visual abilities logically grouped into three principal components. Active accommodation predicted target detection and identification; passive accommodation predicted detection and acquisition; and image interpretation predicted acquisition, identification and tracking. Results supported the three visual subsystems theory, based on neurophysiological evidence of pathways in the brain corresponding to s...
Head-disk interface nanotribology for Tbit/inch 2 recording densities: near-contact and contact recording

In the effort to achieve Tbit/inch2 recording densities, thermal fly-height control (TFC) nanotechnology was developed to effectively reduce the clearance (which is of the order of a few nanometres) at the head-disk interface (HDI) of hard-disk drives. In this work, we present a model of the HDI that can predict the dynamic flying and nanotribological contacting behaviour, allowing for accurate predictions and characterization of the operating regime as a function of TFC actuation. A geometric model for TFC is presented and an improved definition of contact at the interface is developed in the presence of nanoscale topographical roughness and dynamic microwaviness. A new methodology is proposed for the calculation of the nominal area of contact, which affects both near- and at-contact behaviour, while the stiffening of the air bearing force with TFC actuation is also accounted for. Slider behaviour is analysed by quantifying the approach, jump-to-contact, lubricant and solid contact regimes of operation and identifying the critical and optimum TFC actuations. The feasibility of near-contact, light molecularly thin lubricant contact versus solid contact recording is explored under the effect of the interfacial forces and stresses present at the HDI. The clearance and the state of vibrations are analysed and design guidelines are proposed for improved performance.
Evaluating Water Problems

This article presents sowe of the basic concepts involved in managing water in tropical fish aquariums. The intent is not to address all problem situations and their solutions, but to inform the practitioner of the interactions between fish, water, and container and the complicated nature of successfully diagnosing water problems in the home acquarium. The important variables in water quality as they relate to fish health are presented. Potential problems from source water, inadequate biological filtration, and aquarium overcrowding are discussed.
Performance impact of through-silicon vias (TSVs) in three-dimensional technology measured by SRAM ring oscillators

A compact SRAM ring oscillator circuit for local, in-situ, probing of device performance is described. Applied to three-dimensional integrated circuit technology (3DI), the circuit is used to determine if there is any effect on SRAM performance when the cells are placed in close proximity to through-silicon vias (TSVs).
KDM5B focuses H3K4 methylation near promoters and enhancers during embryonic stem cell self-renewal and differentiation

Pluripotency of embryonic stem (ES) cells is controlled in part by chromatin-modifying factors that regulate histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation. However, it remains unclear how H3K4 demethylation contributes to ES cell function. Here, we show that KDM5B, which demethylates lysine 4 of histone H3, co-localizes with H3K4me3 near promoters and enhancers of active genes in ES cells; its depletion leads to spreading of H3K4 methylation into gene bodies and enhancer shores, indicating that KDM5B functions to focus H3K4 methylation at promoters and enhancers. Spreading of H3K4 methylation to gene bodies and enhancer shores is linked to defects in gene expression programs and enhancer activity, respectively, during self-renewal and differentiation of KDM5B-depleted ES cells. KDM5B critically regulates H3K4 methylation at bivalent genes during differentiation in the absence of LIF or Oct4. We also show that KDM5B and LSD1, another H3K4 demethylase, co-regulate H3K4 methylation at active promoters but they retain distinct roles in demethylating gene body regions and bivalent genes. Our results provide global and functional insight into the role of KDM5B in regulating H3K4 methylation marks near promoters, gene bodies, and enhancers in ES cells and during differentiation.
Animal Use, Student Choice, and Nonanimal Alternatives at “America's Best” Undergraduate Colleges:

Chairs at 262 prominent U.S. and Canadian colleges and universities (75% response rate) completed a questionnaire about animal use, student choice policies, and alternatives to the use of animals in undergraduate psychology education. Results indicated that a majority of institutions used animals in teaching, only a minority had choice policies within animal-based courses, and most schools used alternative learning methods, either as a substitute for or adjunct to live animal laboratories. In this article, I discuss the educational policy implications of practices in the undergraduate psychology animal-based curriculum at “America's best” colleges, especially the common practice of advising reluctant students away from animal course work.
Even−Odd Orientation and Chain-Length Effects in the Energy Exchange of Argon Collisions with Self-Assembled Monolayers

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiols, HS(CH2)n-1CH3 adsorbed on gold have been used to explore the dynamics of energy exchange and thermalization in high-energy gas−surface collisions. We find that the extent of thermalization and the fractional energy transferred to the surfaces during collisions with 80 kJ/mol Ar atoms are directly proportional to the alkyl chain length for 2 ≤ n ≤ 6. The results suggest that long-range molecular motions involving up to 6 carbon atoms play the dominate role in controlling the dynamics of the gas−surface impact. In addition to the chain-length effect, alkanethiol monolayers with n > 6 show an oscillation in the amount of impulsively scattered atoms that depends on whether the chains consist of an even or an odd number of carbon atoms. The even−odd effect on the amount of impulsive scattering is associated with differences in the orientation of the terminal methyl group for the two classes of SAMs.
Computer simulation of polymer and biopolymer self-assembly for drug delivery

Molecular simulation is an emerging tool to bridge relevant time- and length-scales in self-assembly and interfacial processes in soft matter and biological systems. In this review, we highlight me...
A simple method for obtaining a continuous record of the presence and type of clouds in the sky during the day

A photovoltaic cell or solar cell suitably mounted to look at a small portion of the sky and connected to a sensitive recorder yields considerable information as to the condition of the sky. The author has used such a simple device for many years and it is found that familiarity with the type of trace, which is in response to the changes in reflected light from clouds, will permit a good estimate of the type of clouds that are present. The presentation of such cloud information on a standard potentiometer or galvanometer type recorder is very convenient when correlating cloud conditions with other variables being recorded on similar types of recorders.
Follicular mucinosis associated with scarring alopecia, oligoclonal T-cell receptor Vβ expansion, and Staphylococcus aureus : When does follicular mucinosis become mycosis fungoides?

Abstract A diagnosis of alopecia mucinosa, occurring as a single scalp lesion, was made in a 40-year-old white woman who had a history of trauma. Follicular mucinosis, Staphylococcus aureus , and oligoclonal expansion of the T-cell receptor Vβ chain genes 6 and 7 were present in the skin. Epidermotropic T-cell skin diseases with oligoclonal T-cell proliferations may be the result of HLA- and cytokine-determined reaction patterns to persistent antigens. (J Am Acad Dermatol 1997;36:828-31.)
A model for the oxidative pyrolysis of wood

Abstract A generalized pyrolysis model (Gpyro) is applied to simulate the oxidative pyrolysis of white pine slabs irradiated under nonflaming conditions. Conservation equations for gaseous and solid mass, energy, species, and gaseous momentum (Darcy’s law approximation) inside the decomposing solid are solved to calculate profiles of temperature, mass fractions, and pressure inside the decomposing wood. The condensed phase consists of four species, and the gas that fills the voids inside the decomposing solid consists of seven species. Four heterogeneous (gas/solid) reactions and two homogeneous (gas/gas) reactions are included. Diffusion of oxygen from the ambient into the decomposing solid and its effect on local reactions occurring therein is explicitly modeled. A genetic algorithm is used to extract the required material properties from experimental data at 25 kW/m 2 and 40 kW/m 2 irradiance and ambient oxygen concentrations of 0%, 10.5% and 21% by volume. Optimized model calculations for mass loss rate, surface temperature, and in-depth temperatures reproduce well the experimental data, including the experimentally observed increase in temperature and mass loss rate with increasing oxygen concentration.
Influence of the Icelandic Low on the Variability of Surface Air Temperature in the Gulf of Lion: Implications for Intermediate Water Formation

Abstract The authors investigate the interannual variability of surface air temperature in the Gulf of Lion (northwestern Mediterranean Sea) during the winter season, which has been proposed as the dominant factor for the Mediterranean Intermediate Water (WIW) formation. Recent studies suggest that the variability of WIW formation in the Gulf of Lion can be partially explained by the North Atlantic Oscillation. To examine this process in more detail, the authors separate the North Atlantic Oscillation into two centers of action, the Azores high and the Icelandic low. This approach reveals that the pressure of the Icelandic low controls the surface air temperature in the Gulf of Lion, and the influence of the Azores high is insignificant. It is found that the winds over Europe are predominately northerly during winters with high pressure values of the Icelandic low. These conditions also correspond to colder air temperatures in the Gulf of Lion, which have been proposed previously to be correlated with oce...
Antiarrhythmic, antifibrillatory, and hemodynamic actions of bethanidine sulfate: an orally effective analog of bretylium for suppression of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.

Abstract Bethanidine sulfate is a chemical and pharmacologie analog of bretylium tosylate that has virtually identical antifibrillatory and inotropic actions on the heart. Bretylium is the only drug approved by the Food and Drug Administration specifically for the “prophylaxis and treatment of ventricular fibrillation.” Unlike bretylium, which is poorly absorbed from the gut and limited to parenteral use, oral bethanidine is absorbed rapidly. Bethanidine was given to 23 patients with recurrent multiple drug refractory ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Eighteen patients (78%) had complete suppression of spontaneous or electrophysiologically inducible tachyarrhythmias; 3 were improved and 2 had no benefit. In 6 of a 9 patient subgroup studied by programmed electrophysiologic drug testing, bethanidine completely prevented previously inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias at the maximal stimulus tested (including 4 extrastimuli and burst-pacing at 10 times threshold). Cardiac output measured in 6 patients 1 to 2 hours after bethanidine was increased in 4, unchanged in 2, and decreased in 1. Ten patients on long-term therapy with bethanidine and protriptylene (to prevent orthostatic hypotension) have been free of arrhythmias from 2 to 26 (average 13) months.
SU-GG-T-262: Open-Source Tool for Assessing Variability in DICOM Data

Purpose: To develop tools and methodology for analyzing the variability of DICOM attributes in advanced technology radiotherapytreatment planning datasets. Method and Materials: The POSDA open‐source toolkit (www.posda.com) and PostgreSQL database (www.postgresql.org) were used to create a tool for analyzing DICOM datasets, consisting of CT, MR, and PET images, RT Structure Sets, RT Plan, and RT Dose objects. All images and RT objects for a patient were anonymized together to maintain referential integrity. These anonymized datasets were used to populate a database tracking components of each object type; e.g., RT Structure Sets were represented in terms of the ROIs, ROI contours, and ROI observations. Results: This tool has been used to examine DICOM attributes in datasets submitted to the Image Guided Therapy QA Center from a variety of commercial treatment planning systems. Query parameters include image pixel spacing, the number and type of ROIs in RT Structure Sets, ROI Name, ROI Observation Label, and RT ROI Interpreted Type values, the number of beams and control points in RT Plan objects, and RT Dose grid spacing, The database created by this tool will be used to find inconsistencies in the use of DICOM unique identifiers and DICOM data model, e.g., multiple modalities in a single Series, to assess the use of optional attributes, and to check completeness and referential integrity in clinical trials submissions. Conclusion: The tool developed in this effort provides an efficient means for studying variability in the content and encoding of DICOM RT treatment planning data. Analyzing clinical trial datasets from a variety of treatment planning systems provides important information for designing data quality assurance tools and will be helpful in developing IHE‐RO profiles for improving interoperability among treatment planning systems. Supported in part by NIH U24 grant CA081647.
The bargaining power of teachers’ unions and the allocation of school resources

Abstract This paper examines how district size affects the bargaining power of teachers’ unions and the allocation of school resources. Our identification strategy exploits the fact that 33 states mandate collective bargaining while 5 states prohibited it. In states that mandate collective bargaining, we find that beginning salaries and the premium paid to experienced teachers increase with district size while the teacher–pupil ratio declines with district size. In contrast, in states that prohibit collective bargaining we find a negative relationship between district size and the premium paid to experienced teachers. District size also has a stronger positive effect on beginning salaries and a weaker negative effect on teacher–pupil ratios in states that prohibit collective bargaining. Collectively, our results suggest that more powerful unions bargain for more generous returns to teacher seniority at the expense of staffing ratios and base salaries.
Porocarcinoma of the heel. A case report with unusual histologic features.

BACKGROUND Eccrine porocarcinoma is an uncommon neoplasm of the intraepidermal sweat gland duct. METHODS A case of porocarcinoma of the right heel in a male age 51 years is described with a review of pertinent literature. The surgically excised neoplasm was evaluated by routine histology and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The porocarcinoma showed extensive nuclear pleomorphisms with frequent, multinucleated tumor giant cells, focal epidermotrophic spread within the epidermis, a peripheral, eccrine syringofibroadenoma-like growth pattern, and an origin in a contiguous eccrine poroma. Ultrastructurally, the squamous tumor cells contained rare intracytoplasmic lumens. CONCLUSIONS The extensive nuclear pleomorphism with frequent tumor giant cells was an unusual feature of the porocarcinoma. Its epidermotrophic spread within the epidermis and its origin in a contiguous eccrine poroma supported the diagnosis of porocarcinoma. The eccrine syringofibroadenoma-like growth pattern in the periphery of the tumor was a unique and previously undescribed feature of the porocarcinoma. The presence of intracytoplasmic lumens in squamous tumor cells mimicked embryonic development of the intraepidermal sweat gland duct. Cancer 1996;78:751-7.
Stereoselectivity in intramolecular diyl trapping reactions. Model studies directed toward the phorbols.

Abstract The intramolecular diyl trapping reactions, 7 → 9 and 8 → 10, proceeded reproducibly, in high yield, and with control of both relative and absolute stereochemistry at six contiguous stereogenic centers.
Introduction: Future Issues in India's Foreign Policy: Ideas, Interests and Values

The early decades of India's independence were characterized by a broad engagement in international affairs, with the country taking a leadership role in international organizations and regimes. Th...
Real-time low-power neuromorphic hardware for autonomous object recognition

Unmanned surveillance platforms have a ubiquitous presence in surveillance and reconnaissance operations. As the resolution and fidelity of the video sensors on these platforms increases, so does the bandwidth required to provide the data to the analyst and the subsequent analyst workload to interpret it. This leads to an increasing need to perform video processing on-board the sensor platform, thus transmitting only critical information to the analysts, reducing both the data bandwidth requirements and analyst workload. In this paper, we present a system for object recognition in video that employs embedded hardware and CPUs that can be implemented onboard an autonomous platform to provide real-time information extraction. Called NEOVUS (NEurOmorphic Understanding of Scenes), our system draws inspiration from models of mammalian visual processing and is implemented in state-of-the-art COTS hardware to achieve low size, weight and power, while maintaining realtime processing at reasonable cost. We use visual attention methods for detection of stationary and moving objects from a moving platform based in motion and form, and employ multi-scale convolutional neural networks for classification, which has been mapped to FPGA hardware. Evaluation of our system has shown that we can achieve real-time speeds of thirty frames per second with up to five-megapixel resolution videos. Our system shows three to four orders of magnitude in power reduction compared to state of the art computer vision algorithms while reducing the communications bandwidth required for evaluation.
Effect of chlorpromazine on central nervous system concentrations of manganese, iron, and copper

Abstract Chronic administration of chlorpromazine produced alterations in trace metal concentrations in caudate nucleus, frontal cortex, and cerebellar hemisphere of guinea pigs. Manganese concentration following chronic chlorpromazine rose significantly in the caudate nucleus and cerebellar hemisphere whereas iron concentration rose most significantly in the caudate nucleus. Copper content was decreased in all regions examined. The possible significance of increased manganese and iron in the caudate nucleus is discussed in relationship to the clinical problems of chlorpromazine-induced dyskinesias.
Being in Rhythm: Dissociative Attunement in Therapeutic Process

ABSTRACT Dissociative attunement is a profound rhythmic encounter in therapeutic treatment. Attunement is a synchronized awareness of implicit knowing that is nonlinear and bidirectional. Empathically attuned clinicians are like microtonal tuning forks. They resonate with a variety of emotional pitches and will resonate with nuanced shifting of emotional tone. This resonance is the basis of dissociative attunement. Concepts such as empathic attunement, affect attunement, “the unthought known,” “implicit relational knowing,” and “a two-person unconscious” help us to understand unique aspects of projective identification, transference, and countertransference within the dissociative frame. However, dissociative attunements are systemically self-emergent moments in which multiple self-states are shared by means other than projection. Using clinical vignettes, I demonstrate how dissociative attunement can paradoxically appear to be misattunement. By synthesizing scientific and theoretical concepts applied to ...
Attitudes toward Busing as a Means of Desegregation

Srrmmary.-Attitudes toward enforced school busing were studied among Blacks, Caucasians, and Chicanos in Denver, Colorado, in relation to six factors. Significant associations were found between type of attitude expressed and race, children enrolled in school, membership in PTA, expectation toward the quality of education to be obtained by busing, and home ownership. The number of contacts with the schools by [lie adult respondents was not related to attitudes toward busing. Supporters of busing emphasized the provision of equal educational opportunities for all children and improved cornmunicarion among ethnic groups while those opposed to busing emphasized the disruption of the neighborhood school concept as the bases for their attitudes. Issues related to the implemenration of the plan were considered. The busing of students to achieve racial balance is a social issue which has been accompanied by considerable controversy throughout the nation following the Supreme Court's decision to use busing as one of the primary methods in desegregating the public schools. Relevant research on desegregation has been very limited and results equivocal depending on the location or year of the data collection. Attitudes toward forced busing have been, for the most part, negative (Bouma & Hoffman, 1968; DeBarry & Agger, 1968; Nations Schools, 1968; Today's Edacatiolz, 1969; U. S. new^ d WOVU Report, 1969), with Black respondents expressing the more favorable attitudes (DeBarry & Agger, 1968). Much of the criticism against this method of desegregation has centered around the physical problems of busing, specifically as it relates to the disruption of the neighborhood school concept (Bouma & Hoffman, 1968). Voluntary busing, however, has been seen in a more favorable light by its participants (Coles, 1968% 1968b; Mahan, 1968; Teele, Jackson, & Mayo, 1967). Mahan (1968) investigated the effectiveness of four voluntary busing programs and found consistently favorable responses from all who were associated with the projects: educators, pupils, Black parents, research personnel, and to a large extent Caucasian parents. Opposition tended to come from people who had less direct contact with the programs, such as Caucasian conservative newspaper columnists and Black militant leaders. Black students who were 'This s~dy, financed in part by the Colorado Civil Rights Commission, was presented at the Annual Meeting of the Rocky Mountain Psychological Association, Denver, Colorado in Mav. 1971. 'curr&ly-Chief, Psychology Service, VA Hospiral, Topeka, Kansas.
Assymetric quinone-based Deils-Alder reactions

Abstract Assymetric Diels-Alder reactions of 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinones utilizing a chiral Ti(IV) complex as a Lewis acid promoter are reported.
Canine Blood Sugar and Lactic Acid Responses to Adrenergic Amines after Ganglion Block

Since preliminary studies indicated that a ganglionic block before infusions of some adrenergic amines resulted in an increased production of blood lactic acid and blood sugar, it was postulated that this might be due to an interruption of Cori's cycle. This experiment shows that there is a significant increase in lactic acid produced by two of the drugs after blocking and an indication that two others also have this effect. The results on blood sugar were not significant. Evidence is presented here that the conversion of lactic acid to glycogen in the liver is blocked or inhibited by use of the ganglion blocking agent, mecamylamine, accounting for an accumulation of blood lactic acid under the conditions of the experiment.
Enhanced-resolution ERS-1 scatterometer imaging with irregular samples

Scatterometers are low resolution radars originally designed o measure winds over the ocean from space. They measure the normalized radar backscatter coefficient from which the wind is estimated. Over land and ice (sigma) 0 is very sensitive to surface conditions and is useful for various scientific studies. Unfortunately, the low resolution of the measurements limits the application of the data. The scatterometer image reconstruction (SIR) algorithm can produce significantly enhanced resolution radar images by taking advantage of measurement overlap from multiple passes of the radar over the target site. The resulting measurements are on an irregular grid and may have different response functions making the analysis of the non-linear SIR algorithm very complicated. Analysis of SIR is further complicated by the fact that it is bivariate: two separate but related images (A and B) are determined from the (sigma) 0 measurements where (sigma) 0 is related to A and B by the expression (sigma) 0 equals A + B ((theta) - 40 degrees) where (theta) is the incidence angle of the measurement which varies from measurement to measurement. In this paper we provide a theoretical framework for scatterometer image reconstruction and resolution enhancement on irregular grids and provide examples of the resolution enhancement possible for the ERS-1 AMI scatterometer. The paper should be of interest to other researchers dealing with resolution enhancement on irregular grids.© (1997) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A new metric for fault-tolerance in sensor networks

Faults in some sensor networks are likely to be localized. The conventional metric of fault-tolerance - connectivity of the network graph - fails to capture any notion of locality. This research introduces a new metric - region-based connectivity - that incorporates the notion of locality.
Plates and their motions

Work on plate motions published in 1983-1986 and in early 1987 is reviewed. Models for these motions, including global ones for driving forces and local ones for subduction history and back-arc spreading, are addressed. The problem of reference frames, both hotspot and paleomagnetic, is discussed. The assessment of errors in plate motion studies is reviewed.
Skunkworks in the Embers of the Cedar Fire: Enhancing Resilience in the Aftermath of Disaster

A coalition of environmental activists and professionals created the San Diego Fire Recovery Network (SDFRN) while the largest wildfire in California history was still burning at the city’s edge in October 2003. Acting quickly while the citizenry questioned governmental ability to protect their rapidly growing region, SDFRN proposed to reduce fire risk in a way that altered residential knowledge practices and identity while reshaping governance relationships. While this effort stalled after governmental agencies restored public confidence through massive fire prevention initiatives, SDFRN’s efforts may not have been in vain. Retained within collective memory, SDFRN contributed to community resilience by diversifying possible responses to environmental change and uncertainty. In this way, flexible, informal learning organizations such as SDFRN may serve as “skunkworks,” seizing on disaster in order to incubate social–ecological relationships that might avert greater tragedies to come.
Investigation of hepatic cytosolic proteins during parr-smolt transformation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Abstract The diverse metabolic functions of the teleost liver and previous studies of hepatic mitochondria implicate this organ in smolting. To investigate hepatic involvement further, cytosolic proteins were examined in Atlantic salmon during parr-smolt transformation. Two separate studies were conducted in which juvenile salmon were reared with 6-month advanced (6MA), 8-month advanced (8MA) and simulated natural (SNP) photoperiod regimens. The two phase-shifted photoperiods were utilized in an attempt to produce non-smolting controls for discrimination between proteins related to ontogeny and proteins specific to parr-smolt transformation. Branchial Na + K + - ATPase activities, condition factors and salinity tolerances indicated that SNP fish underwent smolting during a normal time period. Numerous changes in cytosolic proteins were observed in SNP, 6MA and 8MA fish. Seven polypeptides exhibited qualitative or quantitative changes between December and May in SNP fish during the two investigations. However, when these differences were compared with the contemporary controls in the 6MA and 8MA studies, the changes did not appear to be specific to smolting.
Shoaling in juvenile guppies: the effects of body size and shoal size.

While factors affecting shoal mate choice have been examined extensively in adult guppies (Poecilia reticulata), few studies have focused on the shoaling behavior of juveniles. In this study, juvenile guppies were tested for their ability to shoal as well as their response to shoal mates of different body size and to shoals with different numbers of individuals. In dichotomous choice tests, 10-day-old guppies (mean body length = 8.83 mm), 30-day-old guppies (13.17 mm) and 50-day-old guppies (18.6 mm) were given the opportunity to swim near shoals of five fish or an empty chamber. In most cases, the juvenile fish demonstrated shoaling behavior, swimming near a group of fish rather than an empty chamber, regardless of the age of the stimulus shoal. When presented with two shoals, one of similar age and body size and one of dissimilar age and body size, only the 50-day-old guppies showed a significant preference for the age-matched shoal. Similarly, when choosing between a large shoal and a small shoal, only the 50-day-old guppies spent significantly more time near the larger shoal. Thus, while juveniles at each age shoaled, only 50-day-old fish demonstrated the shoal mate discrimination seen in adult fish.
20 Watt CW TEM00 intracavity doubled optically pumped semiconductor laser at 532 nm

Optically-pumped semiconductor (OPS) lasers are power-scalable, wavelength-flexible, infrared brightness converters. Adding intra-cavity frequency doubling turns them into efficient, low noise, high power visible laser sources. We report on a laser combining an InGaAs gain medium with an LBO nonlinear crystal to produce more than 20 Watt CW in single transverse mode at 532 nm. Efficient cooling of the single gain chip using advanced mounting techniques is the key to making the laser reliable at high CW powers. A rugged and compact package withstands significant environmental excursions. The laser's low noise makes it suitable for demanding Ti:Sapphire pumping applications.
Space observations of the variability of solar irradiance in the near and far ultraviolet

Satellite observations of the ultraviolet solar irradiance in selected wavelength bands between 1200 and 3000 a were made continuously by photometers consisting of broad-band sensors operated on Numbus 3 and 4 which were launched in April 1969 and 1970. In addition, spectrophotometer measurements of the solar irradiance were made with a dispersive instrument at 12 selected wavelengths from 2550 to 3400 a with a 10 a bandpass on Nimbus 4. Variations of the solar irradiance associated with the solar rotational period were observed since the launch of Nimbus 3. These variations are apparently associated with two source regions separated by about 180 deg in solar longitude. The change in irradiance with solar rotation was found to increase with decreasing wavelengths. Different types of the observed variations in uv solar irradiance can be classified in accordance with characteristics times, e.g. in the order of increasing periods as follows: (1)flare associated enhancements (2) 27-day variations due to solar rotation; (3) a possible biennial effect; and (4) long term variations associated with the 11-year solar cycle.
Mutagenic activity of some clastogenic chemicals at the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase locus of Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract 4 presumptive clastogens (caffeine, dimethyl sulfoxide, diethylstilbestrol and p,p′-DDE) and 4 chemicals thought to induce chromosomal mutations in L5178Y mouse lymphoma cells (procarbazine · HCl, epichlorohydrin, hycanthone and iodomethane) were tested in the CHO/HGPRT gene mutation assay for the induction of 6-thioguanine-resistant (6TGR) mutants. Of the clastogens, p,p′-DDE was mutagenic at several concentrations and diethylstilbestrol (DES) increased the 6TGR mutant frequency over control levels at the 6.7 and 8.0 μg/ml doses, but the results for DES were neither convincing nor significant. Caffeine was not mutagenic although at very high concentrations (6667–8000 μg/ml) there was a slight elevation in mutant frequency over background. This was probably due to a selective effect of caffeine against the HGPRT+ phenotype, for 2 different HGPRT− cell lines were refractory to the toxic effects of caffeine at the highest test level (8000 μg/ml). All 4 ‘chromosomal mutagens’ produced dose-related increases in mutant frequencies at the HGPRT locus of these CHO cells. 6TGR colonies were generally uniform in size when normal precautions were taken to prevent the formation of satellite (secondary) colonies. Excepting DES, dimethyl sulfoxide, and caffeine, these data demonstrate that 5 of 8 clastogenic chemicals reproducibly induce mutations at the HGPRT locus of CHO cells which lack the small colony-forming potential of 3.7.2C L5178Y cells.