cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantum theory of multiwave mixing. VIII. Squeezed states.

We apply our quantum theory of multiwave mixing to the generation of squeezed states of light via three- and four-wave mixing in cavities and in propagation. We compare the cavity predictions to the experimental results of Slusher et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 55, 2409 (1985)], finding reasonably good agreement. The squeezing found there is due to the fact that the number operators are driven by resonance fluorescence, which nearly vanishes for the large detunings chosen, while the combination tone operators are driven by relatively large source terms. We give a physical discussion as to why the spectral quantities outside the cavity are given by those inside multiplied by the cavity linewidth. We have found analytic formulas for the variances for arbitrary propagation distances, detunings, and pump intensities. We derive these formulas both from the density operator and from the Langevin methods. To obtain significant squeezing, the propagation distances must be large compared with the resonant Beer's law length.
Effective-Range Formula for Photopion Production from Pions

A simple Mandelstam representation is given for the amplitude of the reaction + tion /sub 2/ were ob 2 tion . The denominator function D/sub 1/ for p-wave tion - tion scattering is used in the derivation, and the assumption is made that only the two-pion intermediate state contributes to the dispersal integral, ignoring the three-pion contribution. (D.L.C.)
Melanotropic peptide receptors: membrane markers of human melanoma cells.

The objectives of this research were to determine whether melanotropin receptors are characteristic (constant) membrane markers of human melanoma cells. Methodologies were developed to visualize these receptors by fluorescence microscopy. Multiple copies (10-20) of both [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH, a superpotent analog of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), and a fluorophore, were conjugated to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Incubation in the presence of the multivalent macromolecular conjugate (FITC-PVA-MSH) resulted in binding of human epidermal melanocytes and keratinocytes and human melanoma cells (both melanotic and amelanotic) to the fluorescent conjugate. Binding of the conjugate to the cells exhibited a unique cluster pattern (capping) suggesting a receptor internalization related phenomenon. Most importantly, every cell of every melanoma cell line, melanotic or amelanotic, possessed receptors as visualized by fluorescence microscopy. Since the cells were not synchronized, some binding apparently took place during all phases of the cell cycle. Therefore, receptor expression appears not to be cell-cycle dependent. Specificity of binding of FITC-PVA-MSH was demonstrated by several studies. (i) Binding of the conjugate to melanoma cells could be blocked by prior incubation of the cells in the presence of the unconjugated hormone analog; [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH. (ii) The macromolecular conjugate lacking bound ligand (FITC-PVA) did not bind to the melanoma cells. (iii) Another peptide, a substance-P analog, attached to the substrate (FITC-PVA-SP) failed to bind to the cells. (iv) With the exception of keratinocytes, other cells of nonmelanocyte origin (e.g., fibroblasts, spleen, liver, kidney cells, and mammary cancer cells, lung cancer cells) did not bind to the conjugate. Thus, cell-specific melanotropin receptors appear to be characteristic cell surface markers of epidermal melanocytes, keratinocytes, and melanoma cells. In several human melanoma cell lines these receptors appeared to be functional since [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH stimulated tyrosinase activity. Fluorescent melanotropin conjugates might prove useful in determining whether all human melanoma (primary and metastatic) tumors possess such receptors. These receptors might then provide targets for melanotropic peptides for the identification, localization, and chemotherapy of melanoma.
Adding value to service providers: benchmarking Wal‐Mart

Purpose – Wal‐Mart is the largest retailer in the world, and one of its drivers of financial success is its focus on efficient and effective supply chain management (SCM). The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate what service providers could learn from these SCM best practices.Design/methodology/approach – Wal‐Mart's best practices in SCM were investigated through a literature review of secondary data.Findings – Wal‐Mart's best practices in SCM were categorized into four segments: strategic concepts, logistics and distribution, information technology, and supplier collaboration. These practices were then applied to the healthcare industry.Research limitations/implications – Wal‐Mart's best practices were only applied to one service industry (the healthcare industry). Future research could apply these practices to other service industries such as higher education and the airline industry.Practical implications – Most service providers can add value to their services by learning from some, if not all, of...
Toward RF System-Level Integration: Process Integration Issues in Sige BICMOS

The SiGe HBT, integrated with CMOS devices on the same chip, will be the first integrated device combination to realize the long-standing technology goal of fabricating RF systems on a chip. It has been demonstrated that the HBT device can replace the standard GaAs front-end of RF systems and take advantage of the reduced cost available from Si technologies in 200-300mm wafers. However, the SiGe HBT can only be part of a large-scale RF system on a chip when, in the same technology, NFETs and PFETs are provided for low power, low frequency digital logic, and a suite of resistors, capacitors, diodes, and inductor passive elements are provided for the high frequency analog circuitry. Furthermore, all these elements must be manufacturable defect-free at medium and high levels of integration.
Polyphosphoinositides are present in plant tissue culture cells

Abstract Polyphosphoinositides have been isolated from wild carrot cells grown in suspension culture. This is the first report of polyphosphoinositides in plant cells. The phospholipids were identified by comigration with known standards on thin-layer plates. After overnight labeling of the cells with myo-[2-3H] inositol, the phosphoinositides as percent recovered inositol were 93% phosphatidylinositol, 3.7% lysophosphatidylinositol, 1.7% phosphatidylinositol monophosphate, 0.8% phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate.
Comments on 'The Venus spectrum - New evidence for ice'

Venus water ice clouds existence possibility from high altitude IR spectra and ground based spectroscopic observations
Genetic variation in insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathways and longevity

The insulin/IGF-1 pathway has been shown to affect lifespan and rate of aging in a variety of animals including worms, flies and mice. Genetic variation in this pathway may also affect human longevity. We review the evidence for the effect of this pathway on longevity with a focus on the genetic studies in humans to date. One gene, FOXO3A, a transcriptional factor homologous to daf-16, has been repeatedly associated with increased lifespan in several studies in different ethnic populations.
Cost analysis and criteria for achieving the SunShot target of $0.5/Wp manufacturing cost using flexible thin film Cu(In, Ga)Se 2 solar cells

In order to meet the SunShot Initiative cost targets of $1/Watt for utility-scale PV systems, a cost analysis for CIGS roll-to-roll manufacturing facility was completed by the Photovoltaic Manufacturing Consortium (PVMC). The key components have been identified as substrate roll size, capital equipment costs, system uptime, cost of consumables/materials, yield and module power performance. In addition a key aspect is the module design as it relates to packing density and grid coverage in each module. The cost analysis shows a module manufacturing cost of $0.44/W can be achieved for a roll size of 1mX2.5km producing modules with 15% conversion efficiencies. These projections will be tested out using a roll-to-roll CIGS manufacturing development facility build with production system capacities over 10MW at PVMC.
Global satellite measurements of water vapour, wind speed and wave height

The results of global measurements of atmospheric water vapor by the Seasat Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and wave height and wind speed by the Seasat altimeter (ALT) are reported. The 13.5 GHz ALT has a 3.125 ns pulsewidth and 1022 Hz repetition rate, and measures surface height to a resolution exceeding 10 cm celative to a reference ellipsoid. Full ALT data comprise 135 km equatorial groundtracks, with about a 50 cm difference of sea wave height compared to buoy reference measurements, and windspeed accuracy to within 0.25-1.58 m/sec up to 20 m/sec. Highest water vapor concentrations were observed in the tropics and the lowest at high latitudes. Wind speeds were highest for the north-east and south-east tradewinds in both the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Average wave height is small in the summer North Hemisphere and the largest waves are in the winter Southern ocean, and lowest in western Atlantic and Pacific ocean areas where winds are lightest.
Endocrinological issues and hormonal manipulation in children and men with Klinefelter syndrome

47, XXY or Klinefelter syndrome (KS), the most common chromosomal aberration in males, is characterized by either absolute or relative hypogonadism with frequent decline in serum testosterone (T) following the onset of puberty. Decreased T levels are the result of testicular dysfunction with decrease in size of Leydig cells, and loss of germs and Sertoli cells leading to tubular hyalinization. Increase in estradiol results from over-expression of aromatase CYP19. Deficient androgen production and observed varied response of end-organs to T leads to delayed progression of puberty with decreased facial/body hair, poor muscle development, osteoporosis, and gynecomastia. It is possible that hypogonadism and excessive estradiol production contribute to emotional and social immaturity, and specific learning disabilities in KS. Based on the authors' experience and literature review, early fertility preservation and hormonal supplementation may normalize pubertal development, prevent metabolic sequelae of hypogonadism, and have a positive effect on academic and social development. No randomized clinical trials are available studying the effects of T supplementation on reproductive or cognitive issues in KS. Aggressive T supplementation (topical gel) and selective use of aromatase inhibitors may be considered at the onset of puberty with careful follow-up and titration to reach age-specific high-normal physiologic serum values. The decision to institute hormonal therapy should be part of a multidisciplinary approach including physical, speech, behavioral, and occupational therapy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Plasma and Blood Volumes of Mouse Organs, As Determined with Radioactive Iodoproteins.

SummaryThe plasma and blood volumes of mice and of various mouse organs were determined by injecting mice with a protein iodinated with iodine containing tracer quantities of radioactive iodine, an...
Gemcitabine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

Gemcitabine-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a rare complication of gemcitabine treatment with a incidence ranging from 0.015% to 1.4%. Clinically, this disease manifests as haemolytic anaemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency; hypertension and neurological and pulmonary symptoms are also known complications. The risk of TTP increases as the cumulative dose of gemcitabine approaches 20,000 mg/m(2). The pathophysiology of this disease entity is unknown although several theories, involving both immune and non-immune mechanisms, have been proposed. The most effective treatment is discontinuation of gemcitabine, the provision of antihypertensive medications as needed, and consideration of plasmapheresis or use of immunoadsorption column in severe cases.
Radar measurement of forested areas during OTTER

Abstract To test a forest ecosystem model in the Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research (OTTER) project, it is desirable to find forest canopy parameters via radar remote sensing measurements. Conventionally, forest biomass, along with quantities such as the leaf area index, drives the model. However, it is shown from the SAR data collected over the OTTER sites that the backscatter is not uniquely related to biomass. A sensitivity study is carried out using a scattering model to determine the variation of radar cross section as a function of several forest parameters. The results verify the above observation, and lead to the selection of suitable quantities to be recovered via radar experiments. Since this forest scattering model cannot be easily used for inversion of unknown parameters, the use of simplified models in forest parameter estimation schemes is suggested.
Frequency and risk factors of low immunoglobulin levels in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background and aims. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are considered to be dysregulated, immune-mediated disorders; and immunosuppressive medications are the mainstay of their treatment. Clinically, we have often observed low serum immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in these patients. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency and risk factors of secondary humoral immunodeficiency in IBD patients. Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study of eligible IBD patients with Crohn’s disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC), indeterminate colitis (IC) or restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch, who having serum Ig measured. Demographic and clinical variables were measured. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed. Results. A total of 324 patients was included, with a mean age of 38.8 years and 158 (48.8%) being male. Low IgG, IgG1, IgA, and IgM were found in 22.7%, 23.4%, 7.9%, and 10.9% of patients, respectively. The shared risk factors for a low IgG or IgM level were increasing age [odds ratio (OR) ¼ 1.13; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03‐1.23 for low IgG level and OR ¼ 1.33; 95% CI 1.15‐1.56 for low IgM level] and hypoalbuminemia (OR ¼ 1.83; 95% CI 1.01‐3.33 for low IgG level and OR ¼ 3.17; 95% CI 1.23‐8.15 for low IgM level). In addition, thioprine use was associated with low IgA level (OR ¼ 2.76; 95% CI 1.03‐7.39). IBD disease duration was a risk factor for low IgG1 level (OR ¼ 1.40; 95% CI 1.12‐1.76). The presence of concurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis (OR ¼ 0.064; 95% CI 0.007‐0.60) and the use of biologics (OR ¼ 0.16; 95% CI 0.033‐0.79) were associated with normal IgG1 level. IgG level was lower in CD patients than that in UC/IC and ileal pouch patients (P ¼ 0.042). IgG and IgA levels were elevated in patients with inflammatory conditions of the pouch (P ¼ 0.01; P ¼ 0.003, respectively). Conclusions. Low Ig level appears to be common in IBD patients. Increasing age, disease duration and hypoalbuminemia appeared to be risk factors. The findings may provide rationale for targeted therapy to boost humoral immunity in selected patients with IBD.
Placental Insufficiency Leads to Development of Hypertension in Growth-Restricted Offspring

Low birth weight is a suggested risk factor for the development of hypertension. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether a model of intrauterine growth restriction produced in response to placental insufficiency in the pregnant rat was associated with marked elevations in blood pressure. Reduced uterine perfusion initiated in late gestation resulted in low-birth-weight offspring (5.8±0.1 versus 6.6±0.2 g, P P P P P P P −1 · g −1 kidney), despite marked decreases in body weight (305±9 versus 343±10 g, P
Ein vollsynthetisches Medium für die rasche Chlamydosporenbildung von Candida albicans

Zusammenfassung Ein synthetisches Medium (CTM) wurde fur die rasche und reichliche Chlamydosporenbildung bei Candida (Syringospora) albicans entwickelt. Das Medium setzt sich wie folgt zusammen: Cholesterin 50 mg, Tween® 80 100 mg, α-Methylglucosid (Methyl-α-D-gluco-pyranosid) 200 mg, gereinigter Agar-Agar 1,5 g in 100 ml Aqua destillata. Gegenuber herkommlichen Chlamydosporen-Medien bietet CTM folgende Vorteile: alle Bestandteile mit Ausnahme des Geliermittels sind chemisch definierte niedermolekulare Verbindungen. Bei den meisten Stammen von C. albicans ist die Chlamydosporen-Bildung reichlicher und fruher zu beobachten als auf Reisagar. In alteren Kulturen findet keine uberwucherung von Chlamydosporen durch Pseudomyzel oder Sproszellvermehrung statt. Summary A synthetic medium (CTM) has been developed for the stimulation of rapid and abundant chlamydospore formation in Candida (Syringospora) albicans. The constituents of the medium are: cholesterol 50 mg, Tween® 80 100 mg, α-methylglucoside (methyl-α-D-glucopyranoside) 200 mg, purified agar 1,5 g in 100 ml distilled water. In contrast to conventional chlamydospore media CTM offers the following advantages: all nutritient constituents are chemically defined low molecular compounds. In most strains of C. albicans chlamydospore formation is richer and earlier to be seen than on rice agar. In older cultures there is no overgrowth of chlamydospores by pseudomycelia or propagating budding cells.
PINE: Podium Incremental Neighbor Evaluator for classifying spatial data

Given a set of training data, nearest neighbor classification predicts the class value for an unknown tuple X by searching the training set for the k nearest neighbors to X and then classifying X according to the most frequent class among the k neighbors. Each of the k nearest neighbors casts an equal vote for the class of X. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm, Podium Incremental Neighbor Evaluator (PINE), in which nearest neighbors are weighted for voting. A metric called HOBBit is used as the distance metric, and a data structure, the P-tree, is used for efficient implementation of the PINE algorithm on spatial data. Our experiments show that by using a Gaussian podium function, PINE outperforms the k-nearest neighbor (KNN) method in terms of classification accuracy for spatial data. In addition, in the PINE algorithm, all the instances are potential neighbors so that the value of k need not be pre-specified as in KNN methods. By assigning high weights to the nearest neighbors and low (even zero) weights to other neighbors, high classification accuracy can be achieved.
Galactosomum stelleri sp. n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the Northern Sea-Lion, Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776) (Carnivora: Otariidae)

Galactosomum stelleri sp. n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae), a new trematode from the small intestine of the Steller's or northern sea-lion Eumetopias jubatus is described. An adult female specimen of E. jubatus collected from Indian Beach, Oregon, U.S.A., harbored over 100 specimens of these trematodes. The new species most closely resembles Galactosomum ubelakeri (Dailey, 1969) Pearson, 1977, and Galactosomum humbargari Park, 1936 but differs in body shape and size, lack of tegumental spines, length of esophagus, and ventral genital complex configuration. This is the third report of a species of Galactosomum from a marine mammal.
Teachers' Mindsets and the Integration of Computer Technology.

The paper addresses how the construct of zone of proximal development was used as an analytical lens to examine teachers' integration of computer technology for teaching. The research question ‘What are the teachers' psychological insights that serve to mediate student learning?’ was the focus of the study. Six secondary school science teachers took part in the 5-month study. Data were collected using qualitative methods. Analysis of participants' natural metaphoric language revealed four themes that framed participants' psychological insights: mediation as a journey; mediation as adopting roles; mediation as mutual investment; and, mediation as liberating and/or domesticating. Collectively, these psychological insights mediated learning actions within the zone of proximal development.
Helping Families With Russian Adoptees: Understanding Unique Needs and Challenges

With the increase in children adopted from Russia, family therapists in the United States face the dilemma of helping adoptive families care for their child and build a healthy family unit. This article familiarizes family therapists with children’s unique experiences in Russian institutionalized care and its impact on children’s social–emotional development, behavior, and attachment patterns. Implications for family therapists working with families adopting Russian orphans are discussed.
A Forecasting-Based Monitoring and Tomography Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

The lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is generally limited by the battery lifetime of the sensor nodes. In this respect, efficient monitoring of the entire network's available energy is of great importance to take appropriate preventive actions. However, the physical limitations of WSNs, such as limited memory and energy resources, mandate such a monitoring mechanism to have low complexity and minimum energy dissipation. In this paper, a forecasting-based monitoring and tomography (FMT) framework is presented for WSNs. The objective of the FMT framework is to achieve overall monitoring and to capture the tomography of the available energy in WSNs with minimum energy expenditure. To reduce the amount of energy consumed for monitoring purposes, the FMT framework incorporates available energy forecasting and network aggregation mechanisms. Comparative performance evaluations show that the FMT framework achieves accurate energy monitoring and obtains the network energy tomography of large scale WSNs with minimum energy consumption.
Focal fibronodular heterotopic ossification. A case report.

Progressive extraskeletal ossification is the defining feature of a group of very rare genetic syndromes, including fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva and progressive osseous heteroplasia. Recent advances in human molecular genetics have enabled the molecular characterization of disease-causing mutations for some of these conditions1,2. Despite our increasing understanding of the biochemical etiology of heterotopic ossification syndromes and newly applicable molecular genetic screening tools, individual patients with progressive heterotopic ossification still pose a difficult diagnostic challenge. We report the case of a female patient with a four-decade history of recurrent, progressive heterotopic ossification limited to the right hemicorporeum. This condition, which does not meet the clinical or molecular diagnostic criteria of any known syndrome, represents a new syndrome of heterotopic ossification, which we have named focal fibronodular heterotopic ossification. Our patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication. A sixty-three-year-old right-hand-dominant woman presented to our institution for evaluation and treatment of a complex deformity of the right upper extremity. Distinctive features of the deformity at the time of presentation included multiple firm nodular soft-tissue masses located on the dorsal and volar surfaces of the right hand and wrist, involving the thumb, index finger, and long fingers. The patient had severe contractures of the index finger and first web space in areas of particularly large and dense nodule formation; small skin ulcerations that appeared to be chronic and infected were seen in these areas and at the volar base of the first metacarpal (Figs. 1-A, 1-B, and 2). The patient had a concomitant dense sensory and motor neuropathy of the median nerve of the right hand. Full physical examination revealed other areas of hard, nodular swelling, specifically in the patient's right shoulder, right upper arm, right lateral forefoot, and right iliac crest. Notably, the …
Resonant enhancement of relativistic electron fluxes during geomagnetically active periods

The strong increase in the flux of relativistic electrons during the recovery phase of magnetic storms and during other active periods is investigated with the help of Hamiltonian formalism and simulations of test electrons which interact with whistler waves. The intensity of the whistler waves is enhanced significantly due to injection of 10–100 keV electrons during the substorm. Electrons which drift in the gradient and curvature of the magnetic field generate the rising tones of VLF whistler chorus. The seed population of relativistic electrons which bounce along the inhomogeneous magnetic field, interacts resonantly with the whistler waves. Whistler wave propagating obliquely to the magnetic field can interact with energetic electrons through Landau, cyclotron, and higher harmonic resonant interactions when the Doppler-shifted wave frequency equals any (positive or negative) integer multiple of the local relativistic gyrofrequency. Because the gyroradius of a relativistic electron may be the order of or greater than the perpendicular wavelength, numerous cyclotron, harmonics can contribute to the resonant interaction which breaks down the adiabatic invariant. A similar process diffuses the pitch angle leading to electron precipitation. The irreversible changes in the adiabatic invariant depend on the relative phase between the wave and the electron, and successive resonant interactions result in electrons undergoing a random walk in energy and pitch angle. This resonant process may contribute to the 10–100 fold increase of the relativistic electron flux in the outer radiation belt, and constitute an interesting relation between substorm-generated waves and enhancements in fluxes of relativistic electrons during geomagnetic storms and other active periods.
The genetics of malignant hyperthermia: Evidence for heterogeneity

Study of phenotype and familial distribution of malignant hyperthermia (MH) suggests heterogeneity with MH possibly being a symptom of several disorders. Review of all reported family studies supports the concept of heterogeneity with autosomal dominant inheritance in about one-half of the families. There is no strong evidence for other mendelian patterns of inheritance, but sporadic and possibly multifactorially determined cases are common. MH is also seen in other musculoskeletal disorders. We report 12 Wisconsin families with MH and outline a preliminary approach to the counseling of MH patients and their families.
Anachoretic Effect of Pulpitis

Bacteria were found in histologic sections and cultures of unexposed pulp in 48 of 67 teeth from dogs. Deep Class V cavities had been prepared in these teeth. The dogs had been intravenously inoculated with bacteria of the same immunologic types as those identified in pulps.
The Limits of Federal Activism in Education Policy

The evolution of the federal role in education policy has entailed increasing activism in matters traditionally controlled by states and school districts. However, the expanding federal role has no...
A unified architecture for intelligent DSS

A unified architecture for an intelligent decision-support system (IDSS) is presented. The incorporation of the central intelligence manager (CIM) in the architecture makes the system intelligent. The CIM comprises an inference engine (IE) and an intelligent supervisor. The IE, which serves as a gatekeeper, is a program responsible for adding and deleting beliefs and making inferences. The intelligent supervisor acts as an interface to the IE; it is responsible for directing communications inside the IDSS. A knowledge-acquisition subsystem has also been incorporated to facilitate knowledge representation. >
Ageing in yeast does not enhance prion generation

The yeast prions [URE3] and [PSI+] are self-propagating amyloids of Ure2p and Sup35p, respectively. The analogous transmissible spongiform encephalopathies of mammals and other amyloidoses are largely diseases of later life. From normal strains lacking the prions, we isolated old cells and measured the frequency of de novo [URE3] and [PSI+] prion generation. We find no evidence that ageing of yeast increases the frequency of prion occurrence. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New vistas for process control: Integrating physics and communication networks

In this article, some examples will be given of how complex control systems are designed and evolved using a glass plant, a bioorganism, business, and computation as examples. A few challenges and opportunities for R&D are reviewed.
Internists, pharmacists, and psychologists on learning teams: An interprofessional team-based learning experience in graduate medical education

Abstract Background Curricula in graduate medical education should include active learning, enhance critical thinking skills, and promote team-work. Team-based learning (TBL) is an active learning strategy shown to improve both test scores and participants' attitudes about teamwork. Purpose We sought to determine the feasibility of using TBL to enhance the ambulatory education of medical residents, pharmacy residents, and psychology graduate students. These learners often manage outpatients in parallel, but rarely have the opportunity to learn together in teams. Method We delivered three interprofessional TBL modules over the course of one academic year. We assessed learners' self-perceived improvements in knowledge, skills, and attitudes related to the objectives of each module, using a retrospective pre-post survey. Discussion Learners reported improvements in their knowledge, skills, and attitudes after each modules. Conclusions Interprofessional TBL appears to improve learning and participants' perception of managing patients in teams. Challenges include the time to develop modules and coordinating schedules for interprofessional learners.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia: the surgeon's perspective.

1. Erik D. Skarsgard, MD* 2. Michael R. Harrison, MD† 1. 2. *Assistant Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Surgery, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA. 3. 4. †Professor of Surgery and Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Surgery, UC San Francisco, San Francisco, CA. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Describe other conditions that should be sought following prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). 2. Describe the procedures that optimize the outcome for CDH upon delivery of the infant. 3. Delineate the two most significant prenatal ultrasonographic predictors of postnatal mortality from CDH. 4. Describe the standard of care for those who have CDH that can be managed without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. 5. Delineate the overall survival rate associated with CDH diagnosed antenatally. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a simple anatomic defect in which a hole in the diaphragm allows abdominal viscera to herniate into the thorax. The physiologic consequences of this defect may be mild and minimally symptomatic at birth, but often they are severe and may result in neonatal fatality, usually from irreversible pulmonary hypoplasia or severe persistent pulmonary hypertension. Prenatal diagnosis has facilitated the early recognition of this condition, and much has been learned about the “natural history” of fetal diaphragmatic herna that has allowed recent identification of accurate fetal prognostic indicators of neonatal outcome. The incidence of CDH is estimated to be 1 per 2,000 to 5,000 births. Its incidence in stillborns is less well studied, but it is important in understanding the contribution of associated congenital defects to the so-called “hidden mortality” that is associated with prenatal diagnosis. Population-based studies of CDH among liveborn, stillborn, and spontaneously aborted fetuses suggests that approximately 30% of fetuses who have CDH will die before birth, usually from chromosomal or lethal nonpulmonary malformations. Even among those fetuses who have CDH and survive to birth, the incidence of associated life-threatening malformations is higher in those in whom the diagnosis is made antenatally, especially if it is made before 25 weeks’ gestation. The reason for this observation is unclear, but an earlier gestational event that …
A class of frequency hop codes with nearly ideal characteristics for use in multiple-access spread-spectrum communications and radar and sonar systems

The problem of constructing frequency hop codes for use in multiuser communication systems such as multiple-access spread-spectrum communications and multiuser radar and sonar systems is addressed. Previous frequency hopping techniques are reviewed. The construction of a new family of frequency hopping codes called hyperbolic frequency hop codes is given. The concepts of multiple-access spread-spectrum communication systems and multiuser radar and sonar systems are reviewed, and it is shown that the hyperbolic frequency hop codes possess nearly ideal characteristics for use in both types of system. Specifically, in multiple-access communications the codes achieve minimum error probability, while in radar and sonar systems the codes have at most two hits in their auto- and cross-ambiguity function. Examples of address assignment for multiple-access communications systems and radar and sonar auto- and cross-ambiguity functions are also given. >
Moiré artifact prediction in a variable data printing environment

With the introduction of the digital press in recent years, the cost of short-run printing jobs has decreased. The "print-on- the-fly" capability of these digital presses makes it possible to compose documents based on the contents extracted from various databases. The traditional proofing method in print shops focuses on human visual inspection of one hard copy among thousands of print-outs. However, in variable data printing (VDP), each instance of the same template could use different texts, fonts, and images obtained through various capturing devices. Visual inspection of every copy is not cost efficient in the VDP environment. In this paper, we present a scheme to automatically predict the presence of moire artifacts in the print-out before the actual printing take place. Only the images that may induce moire artifact with respect to the targeted press will be identified and adaptive image processing can be applied to eliminate the potential artifact.
Effect of wheat genotype on the phenotype of wheat ×× jointed goatgrass (Aegilops cylindrica) hybrids

Abstract Jointed goatgrass is a troublesome weed in winter wheat in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Wheat and jointed goatgrass (JGG) can cross and produce hybrids in the field that can serve as a potential bridge for gene migration between the two species. To determine the potential for gene movement it is important to be able to identify hybrids in the field. To study the effect of wheat genotype on hybrid phenotype, reciprocal crosses were made between JGG and two common wheat cultivars: ‘Brundage 96’, ‘Hubbard’, a common-type advanced breeding line: ‘87–52814A’, and a club wheat cultivar: ‘Rhode’. Hybrids and parents were measured for plant height, spike length, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, and number of spikelets. Reciprocal effects were nonsignificant for all characteristics measured, indicating that hybrid morphology was not affected by the direction of the cross. Hybrids were different from their wheat parents for spike length, plant height, and flag leaf width. Hybrids produced ...
NEW CHANCELLORIIDS FROM THE EARLY CAMBRIAN SEKWI FORMATION WITH A COMMENT ON CHANCELLORIID AFFINITIES

Articulated scleritomes of the chancelloriids Archiasterella fletchergryllus new species and Chancelloria cf. eros Walcott, 1920 are described from the Early Cambrian (Branchian) Sekwi Formation, Mackenzie Mountains, Northwest Territories, Canada. Early diagenetic, microbially mediated lithification has resulted in unusual three-dimensional preservation of the body surface, which potentially allows consideration of the evolutionary affinities of these enigmatic organisms. Sclerites are mounted on short stalks of the integument, connected to the undersurface of the central disc, and are external to the body surface.
Basics of Quantum Computation

In this chapter we build on the basic model developed in Chapter 1 by extending the notation to handle quantum systems with multiple qubits. With that terminology in place, we can illustrate the ideas which are basic to quantum algorithms and can confirm theoretically that the unitary transformations we need can be implemented as a sequence of operations involving only one or two qubits. Quantum algorithms can be constructed using a small number of quantum gates, and we discuss those gates next. We then use quantum gates to construct an addition subroutine and complete the chapter with a teleportation subroutine, which is the first illustration of the potential importance of entanglement for communication.
The role of T-stress on kinking angle of interface cracks

Abstract A modified version of the maximum tangential stress criterion is applied to predict the kinking angle of mixed mode interface cracks existing between two dissimilar isotropic elastic solids. The presence of a crack at the bi-material interface significantly affects on mechanical strength, and may eventually result in fracture. For interfaces with strong bonding, cracks may kink into one of the materials instead of growing through the interfaces. While the traditional maximum tangential stress criterion uses only the stress intensity factors in mode I and mode II, the modified criterion takes into account the effect of T-stress as well as the stress intensity factors. Theoretical derivation of the criterion with T-stress is introduced, and the kinking angles are calculated by both the traditional and modified criteria. The calculated kinking angles are compared to the experimental results for interface cracks reported in three previously published papers. The comparisons show that the modified criterion is capable of successfully predicting the kinking angles with a higher accuracy than previously suggested criteria as well as the traditional maximum tangential stress criterion.
Post-Sintering Heat Treatments for Porous Coated Ti-6A1-4V Alloy

Previous studies have shown that the application of a porous Ti-6A1-4V alloy coating results in a substantial decrease in the substrate material fatigue properties. This phenomenon is due to both a microstructural change from the equiaxed alpha-beta microstructure to a lamellar structure and a notch effect created by the porous coating. The lamellar microstructure has been shown to exhibit the worst fatigue properties of the most common structures obtained in Ti-6A1-4V alloy. This study examined various post-sintering heat treatments which would alter the material microstructure and possibly result in improved fatigue performance. The heat treatments examined produced alternate microstructures to the lamellar structure and some approached the totally transformed acicular alpha structure. The acicular alpha structure has been shown to exhibit the best fatigue properties for Ti-6A1-4V alloy in the notched condition.
‘Bitterness towards Egypt’ – the Moroccan nationalist movement, revolutionary Cairo and the limits of anti-colonial solidarity

AbstractThis articles analyses the campaign conducted by the Moroccan nationalist movement in Cairo after World War II aiming to enlist the Arab League in its anti-colonial struggle. Although the Maghribi activists initially celebrated several successes, they ultimately failed to obtain any diplomatic support, especially following the Egyptian revolution of 1952. Drawing on Moroccan as well as French, Spanish, and US sources, this article argues that Nasser and his colleagues refused to support the Moroccans due to irreconcilable ideological differences, thus laying the foundation for the scepticism towards the Arab world that characterised Morocco’s foreign policy during the Cold War.
Gathering Momentum for Us-China Cooperation on Climate Change

The U.S. and China lead the world in Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions, accounting for more than 40% of world-wide energy-related emissions. The need for the U.S. and China to find common ground on addressing climate change is gaining increasing attention, and there is now hope for re-versing the stalemate in which each country blames the other for its lack of stronger action. This article examines recent reports suggesting ways that the U.S. and China can cooperate to address climate change, highlighting common themes including 1) elevating the issue and re-framing it as reform towards a new clean energy economy, 2) mitigating coal emissions through technological improvement and increasing use of renewable energy sources, and 3) strengthening capacity for environmental governance and quantifying GHG emissions. The article examines how such cooperation can contribute towards finding common ground in multilateral negotiations. In particular, the article reviews the current constraints on effective implementation of environmental policy in China and opportunities for enhanced cooperation to contribute to overcoming these constraints. While the U.S. and China view the need to control GHG emissions differently, there has recently been evolution in both countries’ views and there are signs of momentum for finding common ground on cooperative activities that could enhance the prospects for successful completion and implementation of an international agreement.
Measuring plant protein with the Bradford assay : 1. Evaluation and standard method.

The suitability of the Bradford protein assay for measuring plant protein was evaluated and a standard method developed. The assay involves extraction of dried, fresh, or frozen plant material in 0.1 NaOH for 30 min. Replicate 100-μl aliquots of centrifuged supernatant are assayed with 5 ml Bio-Rad Bradford dye reagent (Coomassie brilliant blue G-250) diluted 1:4 and containing 3 mg/ml soluble polyvinylpyrollidone. Absorbance at 595 nm is recorded after 15 min against an NaOH blank. Samples are calibrated against a ribulose 1,5-diphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase standard in NaOH. Procedures for plant preparation, extraction stability, the effects of phenol removal and quinone formation, and assay recovery are evaluated. Assay absorbance stability and techniques for increasing absorbance stability are reported. Changes in protein quality are briefly discussed.
Unconventional Volume-Outcome Associations in Adult Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the United States

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate institutional volume-outcome relationships in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with subanalyses of ECMO in patients with a primary diagnosis of respiratory failure. Methods All institutions with adult ECMO discharges in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011 were evaluated. International Classification of Diseases (ninth revision) codes were used to identify ECMO-treated patients, indications, and concurrent procedures. Patients who were treated with ECMO after cardiotomy were excluded. Annual institutional and national volume of ECMO hospitalizations varied widely, hence the number of ECMO cases performed at an institution was calculated for each year independently. Institutions were grouped into high-, medium-, and low-volume terciles by year. Statistical analysis included hierarchical, multivariable logistic regression. Results The in-hospital mortality rates for ECMO admissions at low-, medium-, and high-volume ECMO centers were 48% (n = 467), 60% (n = 285), and 57% (n = 445), respectively ( p = 0.001). In post hoc pairwise comparisons, patients in low-volume hospitals were more likely to survive to discharge compared with patients in medium-volume ( p = 0.001) and high-volume ( p = 0.005) hospitals. There was no significant difference in survival between medium-volume and high-volume hospitals ( p = 0.81). In a subanalysis of patients with respiratory failure, low-volume ECMO centers maintained the lowest rates of in-hospital mortality (47%), versus 61% in medium-volume institutions ( p = 0.045) and 56% in high-volume institutions ( p = 0.15). Multivariable logistical regression produced similar results in the entire study sample and in patients with respiratory failure. Conclusions ECMO outcomes in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample do not follow a traditional volume-outcome relationship, and these results suggest that, in properly selected patients, ECMO can be performed with acceptable results in U.S. centers that do not perform a high volume of ECMO.
MicroMARC:amc: A Case Study in the Development of an Automated System

The MicroMARC:amc microcomputer system, developed at Michigan State University, was the first system to utilize successfully the MARC Archives and Manuscripts Control (AMC) format in a microcomputer environment. The system's developer describes the process by which the system was created, discusses concepts and factors that shaped it, and assesses the results of the project and the reasons for its success.
Does decision error decrease with risk aversion

There is substantial evidence that risky decision-making involves a stochastic error process. The literature has adopted different approaches to address this issue, however, risk preferences are not uniquely identified by the most popular methods; decision error is not predicted to monotonically decrease with risk aversion. This paper reports the results of an experiment that elicits risk preferences to identify risk averse individuals and evaluates the frequency the stochastically dominant of two lotteries is chosen. Risk averse subjects exhibit a strong preference for dominant lotteries. More importantly, violations are consistent with stochastic decision error that decreases with risk aversion.
Effectiveness of outpatient case management for adults.

Does outpatient case management for adults with medical illness and complex care needs improve patient-centered outcomes, quality of care, or resource utilization?
Use of Model Payload for Europa Mission development IEEE aerospace conference

During the long early development of the Europa Mission concept, the team used a hypothetical, straw-man payload, called the Model Payload, to assist in the development of a complete mission design. The Model Payload comprised a suite of science instruments, and was structured to meet the science objectives of the mission. The science objectives were defined in terms of a set of specific physical measurements that would need to be made, including quality attributes such as resolution, accuracy, coverage, etc. The Model Payload was designed to acquire these data with the required attributes. A set of notional instruments was chosen to be able to meet the full set of science objectives. Each notional instrument was based on current capabilities and technologies of actual, similar instruments, and modeled with enough detail to be able to estimate aspects of the instrument such as power usage, pointing stability needs, thermal accommodation needs, etc. This paper discusses the basis for the Model Payload and how it was used to develop the mission design, observation and data acquisition strategy, needed spacecraft capabilities, spacecraft-payload interface needs, mission system requirements, and operational scenarios. Then we present a comparison of the Model Payload to the actual payload, recently selected by NASA for the proposed Europa Mission. The focus is on how well this process enveloped and constrained the design space and guided the development and analysis of not only instrument requirements, but also those of the flight system and the mission operations system. Specifically, we discuss those areas in which the Selected Payload drove the mission design and which areas remained unchanged. Lastly, we present lessons learned from the use of a Model Payload.