cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of the North Pacific oxygen minimum zone to changes in ocean circulation: A simple model calibrated by chlorofluorocarbons

[1] Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) data collected in 1999 at 11 stations along the western margin of Baja California indicate that the oxygen-minimum zone (OMZ) of the area is ventilated from the far North Pacific on decadal timescales. The new data are combined with existing CFC data to constrain a one-dimensional advection-diffusion model that simulates changes in water column properties on the sQ = 26.80 density surface along the path of ventilation. The results show that the penetration of CFCs into the OMZ off Baja California can be explained by slow advection and rapid isopycnal mixing from the southern margin of the Alaskan Gyre. The deficit in dissolved oxygen along the same path relative to conservative behavior is modeled with a consumption term that is the product of a single rate constant and the dissolved oxygen concentration. The model is used to show that very different oceanographic conditions must have prevailed in the North Pacific between 15 and 13 kyr ago, when water containing less than 5 mmol kg � 1 oxygen impinged on a portion of the western margin of North America that was considerably expanded compared to today. To match the distribution of oxygen from the presence of laminations in a series of sediment cores, the least extreme scenario combines a 2.5-fold decrease in advection and diffusion along the current flow path, a 2.5-fold reduction in the oxygen content of ventilated waters of the central North Pacific, and a 2.5-fold increase in the rate constant for oxygen consumption rate, presumably linked to a proportional increase in surface productivity.
Desensitization of cultured pituitary cells to gonadotropin-releasing hormone: evidence for a post-receptor mechanism.

Abstract Previous reports have demonstrated that chronic exposure to high concentrations of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) induces a state of refractoriness to GnRH in the pituitary. In order to determine the role of the GnRH receptor in desensitization, we have compared the ability of GnRH to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion with changes in GnRH binding. Cultured rat anterior pituitary cells exposed to 1 nM GnRH for 12 h became refractory to this dose of GnRH but were able to release LH in response to higher concentrations of GnRH. Exposure to 1 nM or 10 nM GnRH not only caused a shift in the EC 50 of GnRH to release LH from 0.28 nM to about 4.5 nM, but also produced a decrease in the maximal response which could not be fully explained by the reduced LH cell content. Examination of GnRH receptor binding to cells pretreated with similar doses of GnRH revealed no change in receptor affinity and a 10–90% increase in receptor number. This paradoxical up-regulation of GnRH receptor number occurred over a period of 6 h and was completely abolished in the presence of cycloheximide. The continuous presence of GnRH was not required for receptor up-regulation since pulses of GnRH were just as effective in increasing GnRH binding. The results indicate that changes in GnRH receptor affinity and number do not always parallel the changes in pituitary responsiveness to GnRH. Therefore, GnRH-induced desensitization cannot be fully explained by down-regulation of receptors and must involve a post-receptor mechanism.
Peptide cholesystokinin receptor antagonist increases food intake in rats.

An analogue of the C-terminal heptapeptide of cholecystokinin (CCK) t-Bocz.sbnd;Tyr(SO3−)z.sbnd;Nlez.sbnd;Glyz.sbnd;Dz.sbnd;Trpz.sbnd;Nle z.sbnd;Aspz.sbnd;a-2-phenylethylester is a potent, specific CCK receptor antagonist. Intraperitoneal injection of the antagonist abolished suppression of real feeding and sham feeding by exogenous CCK-8 (1·8 nmol/kg), and significantly increased real feeding. Assuming an antagonist distribution like that of exogenous CCK-8, our results suggest that exogenous CCK-8 and endogenous CCK reduce food intake by acting at a site(s) accessible to peripherally administered peptides.
Differences in the developmental fate of cultured and noncultured myoblasts when transplanted into embryonic limbs

Myoblasts from embryonic, fetal, and adult quail and chick muscles were transplanted into limb buds of chick embryos to determine if myoblasts can form muscle fibers in heterochronic limbs and to define the conditions that affect the ability of transplanted cells to populate newly developing limb musculature. Myoblasts from each developmental stage were either freshly isolated and transplanted or were cultured prior to transplantation into limb buds of 4- to 5-day (ED4-5) chick embryos. Transplanted myoblasts, regardless of the age of the donor from which they were derived, formed muscle fibers within embryonic limb muscles. Transplanted cloned myoblasts formed muscle fibers, although there was little evidence that the number of transplanted myoblasts significantly increased following transplantation or that they migrated any distance from the site of injection. The fibers that formed from transplanted clonal myoblasts often did not persist in the host limb muscles until ED10. Diminished fiber formation from myoblasts transplanted into host limbs was observed whether myoblasts were cloned or cultured at high density. However, when freshly isolated myoblasts were transplanted, the fibers they formed were numerous, widely dispersed within the limb musculature, and persisted in the muscles until at least ED10. These results indicate that transplanted myoblasts of embryonic, fetal, and adult origin are capable of forming fibers during early limb muscle formation. They also indicate that even in an embryonic chick limb where proliferation of endogenous myoblasts and muscle fiber formation is rapidly progressing, myoblasts that are cultured in vitro do not substantially contribute to long-term muscle fiber formation after they are transplanted into developing limbs. However, when the same myoblasts are freshly isolated and transplanted without prior cell culture, substantial numbers of fibers form and persist after transplantation into developing limbs. Thus, these studies demonstrate that the extent to which transplanted myoblasts fuse to form fibers which persist in host musculature depends upon whether donor myoblasts are freshly isolated or maintained in vitro prior to injection.
A counter system for natural C14 measurement

Two proportional counters made of plastic scintillator were constructed for measuring the C14 contents in dated tree rings. One is for background and the other for specimen. CH4 at 1 atm pressure was used as the counter gas; each counter has an active volume ∼5.51. The wall, being scintillator, serves as a 4π anti-coincidence shell for rejection of natural radioactivity in the material housing the proportional counter and penetrating cosmic ray muons. The outputs of the proportional counters which are in anticoincidence with the scintillation counter were recorded in a pulse height analyzer. After background subtraction, it yields the beta-decay spectrum of carbon-14 in the methane filled proportional counter. Simultaneously, the outputs which are in coincidence with the scintillation counter were also recorded as a monitor of the operational characteristics of the detector systems. The problems inherent with pulse height analyzers and the use of scintillators are discussed and evaluated.
Methods for assessing neurodevelopment in lysosomal storage diseases and related disorders: a multidisciplinary perspective.

Lysosomal storage diseases and related disorders (LSRDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare diseases caused by genetic mutations that result in deficiencies of specific lysosomal enzymes. Some of these enzymes are necessary for normal development of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Because of the heterogeneity in clinical presentation and complexity of these disorders, evaluation of disease progression poses unique challenges. In recent years, recombinant enzyme replacement therapy and haematopoietic stem cell transplantation have been developed to treat some of these diseases. With the development of specific therapies and screening programmes, there is a need to systematically follow the natural course and effects of treatment in these disorders with standardized and validated tools. This review describes the limitations of currently available neurobehavioural tools in longitudinally tracking disease outcomes in patients with neurodegenerative LSRDs. A multidisciplinary team reviewed over 750 evaluations in 274 patients. These patients were found to have neurological, sensory and somatic problems that considerably influence the results of neurobehavioural testing. Conclusion: Treatment effects in patients with neurodegenerative LSRDs are best evaluated by repeated measures and longitudinal analysis of each domain of function.
Alfred Marshall: Victorian Relevance for Modern Economics

Introduction, 425.—The economy of children and family, 427.—Wages and distribution theory, 430.—Beyond economics, 432.—Moralizing and theorizing, 435.—Unfinished unintentions, 438.—The principles in Principles, 440.
Overview of dust explosibility characteristics

This paper is an overview of and introduction to the subject of dust explosions. The purpose is to provide information on the explosibility and ignitability properties of dust clouds that can be used to improve safety in industries that generate, process, use, or transport combustible dusts. The requirements for a dust explosion are: a combustible dust, dispersed in air, a concentration above the flammable limit, the presence of a sufficiently energetic ignition source, and some confinement. An explosion of a fuel in air involves the rapid oxidation of combustible material, leading to a rapid increase in temperature and pressure. The violence of an explosion is related to the rate of energy release due to chemical reactions relative to the degree of confinement and heat losses. The combustion properties of a dust depend on its chemical and physical characteristics, especially its particle size distribution. In this paper, the explosion characteristics of combustible dusts will be compared and contrasted with those of flammable gases, using methane as an example. These characteristics include minimum explosible concentration, maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise, limiting oxygen concentration, ignition temperature, and amount of inert dust necessary to prevent flame propagation. The parameters considered include the effects of dust volatility, dust particle size, turbulence, initial pressure, initial temperature, and oxygen concentration. Both carbonaceous and metal dusts will be used as examples. The goal of this research is to better understand the fundamental aspects of dust explosions.
A variable transverse stiffness sandwich structure using fluidic flexible matrix composite (F2MC)

Presented in this paper is the development of a novel honeycomb sandwich panel with variable transverse stiffness. In this structure, the traditional sandwich face sheets are replaced by the fluidic flexible matrix composite (F 2 MC) tube layers developed in recent studies 1,2 . The F 2 MC layers, combined with the anisotropic honeycomb core material properties, provide a new sandwich structure with variable stiffness properties for transverse loading. In this research, an analytical model is derived based on Lekhitskii's anisotropic pressurized tube solution and Timoshenko beam theory. Experimental investigations are also conducted to verify the analytical findings. A segmented multiple-F 2 MC-tube configuration is synthesized to increase the variable stiffness range. The analysis shows that the new honeycomb sandwich structure using F 2 MC tubes of 10 segments can provide a high/low transverse stiffness ratio of 60. Segmentation and stiffness control can be realized by an embedded valve network, granting a fast response time.
Lack of Association between COX-2 Staining Level and Biochemical Recurrence Following Salvage Radiation Therapy for Recurrent Prostate Cancer.

The ability to predict which men will experience biochemical recurrence (BCR) after salvage radiation therapy (SRT) for recurrent prostate cancer following radical prostatectomy has potential for improvement. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) overexpression has previously correlated with poor clinical outcomes following primary treatment for prostate cancer; however, its predictive ability in the specific setting of SRT has not been examined to date. This study evaluated the association between COX-2 staining intensity and BCR following SRT for recurrent prostate cancer. We utilized a cohort of 151 patients who underwent SRT between July 1987 and July 2003. COX-2 staining intensity in primary tumor samples was detected using monoclonal antibodies and quantified using a computer-assisted method. The association between COX-2 staining intensity and BCR was evaluated using multivariable Cox regression models. When examining COX-2 staining level as three-level categorical variable (low, moderate, high) based on approximate sample tertiles, there was no evidence of an association with BCR (P = 0.18). More specifically, in comparison to patients with low staining intensity, there was no significant difference in risk of BCR for moderate (relative risk [RR], 1.17; P = 0.56) or high (RR, 0.72; P = 0.22) COX-2 staining intensity patients. This lack of association was also observed when considering COX-2 staining intensity as a continuous variable (RR, 0.83; P = 0.15). Our results indicate that COX-2 staining intensity is likely of little use in discriminating prognosis of SRT. It appears that the search for prognostic factors associated with BCR should continue elsewhere in order to further enhance patient selection for SRT.
Walking decreased risk of cardiovascular disease mortality in older adults with diabetes

Abstract Objective This study examines the association of walking with mortality in persons with type 2 diabetes compared to those with normal glucose tolerance. Study Design and Setting This prospective study included community-dwelling adults from the Rancho Bernardo Study aged 50–90 years in 1984–86 who had type 2 diabetes (n = 347) or normal glucose tolerance (n = 1,317). During the 10-year follow up, Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to model time until death from all causes (n = 538), coronary heart disease (CHD, n = 143), other cardiovascular disease (non-CHD CVD, n = 138), and other causes (n = 257) while adjusting for multiple potential confounders. Results After adjusting for sex, age, smoking, body mass index, alcohol, exercise, history of CHD, and other covariates, adults with diabetes who walked ≥1 mile per day were half as likely to die from all causes combined (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.33, 0.88), and less than one-fifth as likely to die from non-CHD CVD (HR = 0.19; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.86) compared to adults with diabetes who did not walk. Walking was also protective among adults with normal glucose tolerance (HR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.96). Conclusion Results suggest walking ≥1 mile per day may provide strong protection from all-cause and non-CHD CVD mortality in older adults with diabetes.
Experimental low-stretch gaseous diffusion flames in buoyancy-induced flowfields

Abstract The present study experimentally investigates the structure and instabilities associated with extremely low-stretch (∼1 s−1) gaseous diffusion flames. Ultra-low-stretch flames are established in normal gravity by bottom burning of a methane/nitrogen mixture discharged from a porous spherically symmetric burner of large radius of curvature. OH-PLIF and IR imaging techniques are used to characterize the reaction zone and the burner surface temperature, respectively. A flame stability diagram mapping the response of the ultra-low-stretch diffusion flame to varying fuel injection rate and nitrogen dilution is explored. In this diagram, two main boundaries are identified. These boundaries separate the stability diagram into three regions: sooting flame, non-sooting flame, and extinction. Two distinct extinction mechanisms are noted. For low fuel injection rates, flame extinction is caused by heat loss to the burner surface. For relatively high injection rates, at which the heat loss to burner surface is negligible, flame radiative heat loss is the dominant extinction mechanism. There also exists a critical inert dilution level beyond which the flame cannot be sustained. The existence of multi-dimensional flame phenomena near the extinction limits is also identified. Various multi-dimensional flame patterns are observed, and their evolutions are studied using direct chemiluminescence and OH-PLIF imaging. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the present burner configuration for the study of low-stretch gaseous diffusion flames.
Social Policy for Transformative Practice

Transformative social policy as a post-ideological model of analysis is one of the most nebulous and neglected areas of innovative inquiry. This article attempts to signify certain issues and constructs that add to policy practice as a vehicle of social transformation.
Welfare-induced migration at state borders: New evidence from micro-data

Abstract This paper extends and synthesizes the various approaches used in the recent welfare migration literature to both offer the most comprehensive set of tests to date for welfare migration and to also determine the relative importance of short-distance moves in welfare migration flows. The current study follows on the finding of McKinnish [McKinnish T. Importing the poor: welfare magnetism and cross-border welfare migration. Journal of Human Resources 2005;40; 57–76.] of welfare migration effects obtained by comparing welfare participation at state borders to state interiors. This identification strategy is extended to micro-data from the 1980 and 1990 Decennial Censuses and combined with the demographic comparisons used elsewhere in the welfare migration literature. The signs and patterns of the estimates are consistent with the presence of welfare migration effects, and the magnitudes of the estimates are consistent with the importance of short-distance moves in welfare-induced migration flows, but most of the estimates are not statistically significant.
Ignition and Volatile Combustion of Cellulosic Dust Particles

Abstract Observations of the ignition phase and measurements of the ignition delay and volatile combustion times have been made for 24 nearly-spherical corncob particles having diameters in the range of 300 to 1500 microns. Each particle was attached to a finely-tipped quartz needle and then individually injected into a heated furnace where ignition and combustion occurred. Analysis of the volatile burning time measurements focuses on obtaining a rate constant which accounts for the observation of varying densities among particles. The results are compared to a previous analysis in which the particle density was assumed to be constant. Analysis of the ignition data consists of identifying the dependence of the ignition delay time on the particle size and density and identifying the rate controlling mechanism for ignition delay. Both the volatile burning times and the ignition delay times are shown to be functions of the product of the initial particle density with the square of the initial particle diamet...
The effects of 1-β-d-arabinofuranosylcyto-sine on the developing chick embyro☆

Abstract 1-β d - Arabinofuranosylcytosine (CA) inhibits the development of the chick embryo when it is injected into the yolk sac on day 4 of incubation. The LD 50 is about 0.025 mg egg ; those embryos surviving to 18 days are stunted, and the developmental abnormalities consist of facial coloboma, absence of the pelvic skeleton and other bone deletions, corneal cysts, and feather inhibition. Embryos injected at later stages show progressively less severe abnormalities. In those treated on day 8 and later, weight inhibition, feather disturbances, and cerebellar atrophy were the major detectable defects by gross examination. The effects of CA resemble those caused by 2'-deoxy-guanosine and are presumed to be due to a dCDP deficiency caused by a block in the reduction of CDP to dCDP, thus interfering with DNA synthesis. Qualitatively these effects are similar to those caused by other antimetabolites inhibiting, in various ways, the availability of precursors necessary for the synthesis of DNA.
PROPOSED MAJOR FORMAT CHANGE TO GEOMAGNETIC ACTIVITY REPORTS AND FORECASTS PRODUCED BY THE SESC, BOULDER, COLORADO, U.S.A.

The Space Environment Services Center (SESC) provides real-time information on the state of the solar-terrestrial environment. In particular, the geomagnetic field is closely monitored. Summaries of geomagnetic activity are issued daily, as are forecasts for each of the next three days. Customers are alerted when activity rises above selected thresholds of the K- and, A-indices. This present geomagnetic reporting and forecasting format is no longer the most appropriate for the expanding number of agencies and industries which the SESC serves. These customers need more detailed information about the geographic distribution of geomagnetic activity stated in plainer language. The proposed new format would quantitatively describe geomagnetic activity in terms of 6 qualitative categories: quiet, unsettled, active, minor storm, major storm, and severe storm. Summaries and forecasts would be made for 2 specific latitude zones: mid-latitudes (20–50 deg geomagnetic) and high-latitudes (50–80 deg geomagnetic). The format adapts well to longer-range (27–day) forecasts.
Perioperative use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risks for adverse outcomes of surgery

Importance Single-site studies have described an association between use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and adverse outcomes of surgery. Multicenter studies including a broad range of surgical procedures that explore rare outcomes, such as bleeding and mortality, and that account for indications for administration of SSRIs are needed. Objective To determine whether perioperative use of SSRIs is associated with adverse outcomes of surgery in a national sample of patients. Design Retrospective study of patients 18 years or older who underwent major surgery from January 1, 2006, through December 31, 2008, at 375 US hospitals. We used multivariable hierarchical models to estimate associations between SSRI use and our outcomes. Pharmacy data were used to determine whether a patient received an SSRI in the perioperative period. Setting Three hundred seventy-five US hospitals. Participants Five hundred thirty thousand four hundred sixteen patients 18 years or older. Exposure Perioperative use of SSRIs. Main Outcomes and Measures In-hospital mortality, length of stay, readmission at 30 days, bleeding events, transfusions, and incidence of ventricular arrhythmias. Results Patients receiving SSRIs were more likely to have obesity, chronic pulmonary disease, or hypothyroidism (P Conclusions and Relevance Receiving SSRIs in the perioperative period is associated with a higher risk for adverse events. Determining whether patient factors or SSRIs themselves are responsible for elevated risks requires prospective study.
Objectives to direct the training of emergency medicine residents in off-service rotations: dental emergencies.

Patients presenting for emergency care with complaints of dental origin are common. Rarely are dental topics systematically addressed during training rotations. In this second article in a continuing series on objectives for emergency medicine resident training, dental emergency objectives will be presented. Instructions for use of the references and objectives are provided. Cognitive and evaluative objectives are organized for mastery. A list of resources including references and audio visual materials are outlined. The objectives and reference materials presented provide a structure for the systematic study of dental emergencies in emergency medicine resident training.
β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors drive COMT-dependent pain by increasing production of nitric oxide and cytokines

Decreased activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), an enzyme that metabolizes catecholamines, contributes to pain in humans and animals. Previously, we demonstrated that development of COMT-dependent pain is mediated by both β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors (β2ARs and β3ARs). Here we investigated molecules downstream of β2- and β3ARs driving pain in animals with decreased COMT activity. Based on evidence linking their role in pain and synthesis downstream of β2- and β3AR stimulation, we hypothesized that nitric oxide (NO) and proinflammatory cytokines drive COMT-dependent pain. To test this, we measured plasma NO derivatives and cytokines in rats receiving the COMT inhibitor OR486 in the presence or absence of the β2AR antagonist ICI118,551+β3AR antagonist SR59320A. We also assessed whether the NO synthase inhibitor L-N(G)-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and cytokine-neutralizing antibodies block the development of COMT-dependent pain. Results showed that animals receiving OR486 exhibited higher levels of NO derivatives, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in a β2- and β3AR-dependent manner. Additionally, inhibition of NO synthases and neutralization of the innate immunity cytokines TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 blocked the development of COMT-dependent pain. Finally, we found that NO influences TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and CCL2 levels, whereas TNFα and IL-6 influence NO levels. Altogether, these results demonstrate that β2- and β3ARs contribute to COMT-dependent pain, at least partly, by increasing NO and cytokines. Furthermore, they identify β2- and β3ARs, NO, and proinflammatory cytokines as potential therapeutic targets for pain patients with abnormalities in COMT physiology.
Application of a Tvd Solver in a Suite of Coastal Engineering Models

This paper describes the recent developments in a suite of coastal engineering models using Godunov-type shock-capturing schemes. The developments include a depth-integrated, wave resolving Boussinesq model, a hydrostatic, wave-averaged circulation model, and a fully 3-D non-hydrostatic model in a surface-following $\sigma$ coordinate formulation. The models implemented with the shock-capturing TVD scheme show robust performances in modeling breaking waves, nearshore circulation and coastal inundation. In this paper, we present model equations in a conservative form, MUSCLE-TVD numerical scheme and model applications. We also point out some problems caused by the TVD scheme in the recent model applications.
Indirection systems for shingled-recording disk drives

Shingled magnetic recording is a promising technology to increase the capacity of hard-disk drives with no significant cost impact. Its main drawback is that random-write access to the disk is restricted due to overlap in the layout of data tracks. For computing and storage systems to enjoy the increased capacity, it is necessary to mitigate these access restrictions, and present a storage device that serves unrestricted read/write requests with adequate performance. This paper proposes two different indirection systems to mask access restrictions and optimize performance. The first one is a diskcache based architecture that provides unrestricted access with manageable drop in performance. A second, more complex indirection system, utilizes a new storage unit called S-block. It is shown that the S-block architecture allows good sustained random-write performance, a point where the disk-cache architecture fails. The organization and algorithms of both architectures are specified in detail. Each was implemented and simulated as a discrete-event simulation, mimicking its operation on real storage devices. For the performance evaluation both synthetic workloads and traces from real workloads were used.
The impact of gender on the results of arterial bypass with in situ greater saphenous vein.

BACKGROUND : This 10-year review of in situ saphenous vein bypass surgery was undertaken to assess the impact of gender on infrainguinal arterial reconstruction. PATIENTS AND METHODS : From March 1983 to March 1993, the results of 244 in situ saphenous vein bypasses performed in women were compared with 338 performed in men. Women were older than men (70.9 versus 66.8 years ; P <0.001) and had a higher incidence of hypertension but a lower incidence of coronary artery disease, smoking history, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The primary indication for surgery was limb salvage for both genders (women 70.1%, men 68% ; P = not significant [NS]). Men had bypasses to more-distal outflow vessels, with 52.5% to the tibial level compared with 42.2% of women (P <0.003). RESULTS : Women had lower perioperative mortality rates than men (0.8% versus 3.3% ; P <0.025) and a similar incidence of major complications (6.6% versus 7.7% ; P = NS), but a higher incidence of significant wound complications (13.5% versus 3.3% ; P <0.001). Life-table evaluation at 10 years after surgery showed no significant differences between women and men in primary graft patency rate (67.8% versus 58.2% ; P = NS), secondary patency rate (73.5% versus 77.2% ; P = NS), limb salvage rate (87.9% versus 92% ; P = NS) or patient survival rate (35.5% versus 24.4% ; P = NS). For bypasses to the tibial arteries, graft patency rates were slightly inferior for women (69.8% versus 81.1%, 5-year secondary patency rate ; P <0.008). Similarly, in bypasses performed for limb salvage, women had lower 5-year primary patency rates than men (60.3% versus 70.3% ; P <0.002). Secondary patency rates in this limb salvage group however, did not differ (75.5% versus 82.8% ; P = NS) CONCLUSIONS : Despite small gender differences in the results of in situ bypass grafts for limb salvage and those carried to the tibial level, women had the same overall patency, limb salvage, and survival rates as men after infrainguinal bypass surgery. Treatment of infrainguinal occlusive disease should not vary based on inaccurate perceptions concerning differences in surgical results for men and women. Am J Surg. 1995 ;170 :97-102.
Integrability of coupled KdV equations

The integrability of coupled KdV equations is examined. The simplified form of Hirota’s bilinear method is used to achieve this goal. Multiple-soliton solutions and multiple singular soliton solutions are formally derived for each coupled KdV equation. The resonance phenomenon of each model will be examined.
Unsteady Euler analysis of the flowfield of a propfan at an angle of attack

The paper examines the effects of angle of attack of a propfan on the blade loading and details of the flowfield by solving the unsteady three-dimensional Euler equations. The configuration considered is the SR7L propeller at cruise condition and the inflow angles considered are 4.6, 1.6 and -0.4 deg. The results indicate that the blade response is nearly sinusoidal at low inflow angles (1.6 and -0.4 deg) and significant deviations from sinusoidal behavior occur at an inflow angle of 4.6 deg due to the presence of strong shocks on both suction and pressure surfaces of the blade. The detailed flow in the blade passages shows that a shock formed on the suction surface during the highly loaded portion of the revolution extends across the passage to the pressure surface. An increase in inflow angle results in an increase in blade loading on the down-going side and a decrease in loading on the up-going side.
Infectious mononucleosis, lymphoblastic leukemia, and the E. B. virus

A 10-year-old Caucasian girl developed infectious mononucleosis (I.M.) 6 weeks after the diagnosis of lymphoblastic leukemia while she was in remission from her disease. Samples of her serum tested for E. B. viral antibodies before the development of I. M. revealed a titer < 1:10, while the titer rose to 1:160 after the development of I. M. The possible relationship between the E. B. virus, infectious mononucleosis, and acute leukemia are discussed.
A closed form solution of stress intensity factor about a circular tube with a surface crack by energy release rate method

Abstract In this paper, the energy release rate method is developed to obtain the closed form solution of stress intensity factor for a circular tube with a transversal surface crack by means of the results of two dimensional stress intensity factors. The computations are very time-saving and the results are very rational.
Infrared absorption sensor for multiple gas sensing. Development of a Fabry–Perot spectrometer with ultrawide wavelength range

We report on a novel MEMS (microelectromechanical system) based on a Fabry–Perot spectrometer with an ultrawide wavelength range (3.2 to 8.4 µm) compared to the previously reported ones (typically 2.8 to 5.8 µm). The wavelength range of a Fabry–Perot spectrometer is known to be increased by increasing the ratio of the refractive indexes of the multilayer mirrors. Thus, a novel mirror structure was proposed, replacing a low-refractive-index layer of SiO2 (nL = 1.44) by air (nL = 1) for a wider wavelength range. The proposed device was fabricated by HF sacriﬁcial layer etching of SiO2 between four ultrathin polysilicon ﬁlms (ca. 320 nm). The following two ideas were adopted to fabricate this delicate structure properly. (1) Electrostatic force was generated only in the outer region surrounding the air mirror so as not to deform the mirror. (2) A supercritical drying process was employed after the sacriﬁcial etching to prevent possible sticking issues. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 96(5): 50–57, 2013; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10433
Internal jugular vein collapsibility index associated with hypovolemia in the intensive care unit patients

To evaluate the correlation between the internal jugular vein (IJV) collapsibility index and hypovolemia in intensive care unit (ICU) patients, using point of care ultrasound imaging. A prospective observational study was conducted in an urban tertiary care teaching hospital, in the surgical ICU. Intensivist point-of-care sonographers performed IJV ultrasound on 31 ICU patients who were diagnosed to be hypovolemic or euvolemic by their treating ICU physicians. Hypovolemic ICU patients (16 of 31) were 50% male and 75% white with a mean age of 63 (±19) years. The variables measured between the hypovolemic and euvolemic ICU patients were the mean arterial pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, central venous pressure (CVP). Their correlation with hypovolemia was significant (p < 0.05). The ROC curve analysis found the IJV collapsibility index ≥39% correlated best with hypovolemic ICU patient with a sensitivity of 87.5% and specificity 100%. The area under ROC curve for IJV collapsibility index was 0.938, with no significant difference to CVP with the area under ROC curve of 0.87 (p = 0.467). IJV collapsibility index can be identified by intensivist point-of-care sonographers in the hypovolemic and euvolemic ICU patients. The presence of IJV collapsibility index greater than 39% may be associated with hypovolemia in ICU patients.
Sex at Length of Summer Flounder Landed in the New Jersey Recreational Party Boat Fishery

Abstract Female summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus grow faster than males and experience a lower natural mortality rate. Sex-structured assessment models have been developed for other fishes with sexually dimorphic characteristics to better account for population dynamics. Although a desire exists to develop similar assessment techniques for summer flounder, some prerequisite data are not available, including the sex of fish that are landed in the recreational fishery. Furthermore, summer flounder recreational landings are constrained within harvest limits almost entirely by minimum size restrictions—a management approach that could place much of the recreational fishing mortality on females. To fill a basic but important data requirement to improve the stock assessment of this species while also providing some insight on how current management strategies might impact the sex structure of the population, we collected data on sex and length of summer flounder (n = 4,437) that were landed in the New Jers...
Atomic Oxygen Adsorption on Au(111) Surfaces with Defects

We study the equilibrium structures for the adsorption of atomic oxygen on Au(111) surfaces containing defects such as vacancies and steps, using first-principles density functional theory calculat...
Comadre Group Teaching In Nutrition

Women’s Health Poster Presentation Purpose for the Program The purpose of this evidence-based practice (EBP) project was to assess if a comadre- like group teaching approach would increase Hispanic women's knowledge of nutrition. Small cultural support groups are unique to many Hispanic women because they rely on relatives and friends within their communities. The uniqueness of this population is their high regard for family and their close social network, which makes group teaching a potentially more effective approach for health promotion and wellness. Proposed Change To increase knowledge of nutrition and explore the potential for other areas for group teaching in women's health. Implementation, Outcomes, and Evaluation Nine bilingual Hispanic women between 19 and 68 years of age participated in this project. After consent was obtained, participants were given a 10-item pretest intervention questionnaire (totaling 50 points) to assess their knowledge of nutrition. A total of four sessions on general nutrition were provided. Classes consisted of lectures, posters, handouts, and discussion. The same 10-item postintervention questionnaire (totaling 50 points) was given to assess the participants' knowledge of nutrition and feedback on the comadre- like group teaching approach. Implications for Nursing Practice The results of this evidence-based transcultural nursing project underscored the importance of using a comadre- like group teaching approach to increase Hispanic women's knowledge of nutrition. This method could be used in other areas of nursing and health education to promote a healthy lifestyle.
Modeling flocculation of colloidal mineral suspensions using population balances

Abstract Flocculation as well as dispersion of mineral suspensions has become increasingly important in mineral processing as we have to deal with fine and ultrafine particles. Population balance models for flocculation of such suspensions are discussed in this paper. Models ranging from those based on pure aggregation and fragmentation to those based on simultaneous aggregation–fragmentation are presented in detail. The two important parameters in the population balance model are the collision frequency factor and the collision efficiency factor. Differences among collision frequency models for impermeable and permeable aggregates are described. The main drawback of existing flocculation models is the disregard of forces between mineral particle surfaces. The collision efficiency is usually assumed to be unity or employed as a fitting parameter in a majority of the models. An approach for incorporating the influence of surface forces in the presence of salts and polymers is outlined. Another important lacuna of flocculation models is the assumption of homogeneous flow structure or uniform fluid velocity gradient in stirred flocculation tanks. Short-cut procedures adopted in the literature to address heterogeneous fluid flow structure are summarized. It is also stressed that an integrated approach be followed to tackle practically relevant issues such as selective flocculation of mineral mixtures, dual polymer flocculation, dynamics of polymer/surfactant adsorption, polymer–surfactant interactions, surface precipitation of dissolved species and presence of air bubbles in the suspension.
Advancing nanoelectronic device modeling through peta-scale computing and deployment on nanoHUB

Recent improvements to existing HPC codes NEMO 3-D and OMEN, combined with access to peta-scale computing resources, have enabled realistic device engineering simulations that were previously infeasible. NEMO 3-D can now simulate 1 billion atom systems, and, using 3D spatial decomposition, scale to 32768 cores. Simulation time for the band structure of an experimental P doped Si quantum computing device fell from 40 minutes to 1 minute. OMEN can perform fully quantum mechanical transport calculations for real-word UTB FETs on 147,456 cores in roughly 5 minutes. Both of these tools power simulation engines on the nanoHUB, giving the community access to previously unavailable research capabilities.
Imaging Atomic Structure and Dynamics with Ultrafast X-ray Scattering

Measuring atomic-resolution images of materials with x-ray photons during chemical reactions or physical transformations resides at the technological forefront of x-ray science. New x-ray-based experimental capabilities have been closely linked with advances in x-ray sources, a trend that will continue with the impending arrival of x-ray-free electron lasers driven by electron accelerators. We discuss recent advances in ultrafast x-ray science and coherent imaging made possible by linear-accelerator-based light sources. These studies highlight the promise of ultrafast x-ray lasers, as well as the technical challenges and potential range of applications that will accompany these transformative x-ray light sources.
Accelerated dissociation of estrogen receptor-ligand complexes by estradiol. Evidence for negative cooperativity of binding

Abstract The rate of dissociation of 17β-[ 3 H]estradiol that had been previously equilibrated to a low degree of saturation of immature rat uterine cytoplasmic estrogen receptor was shown to increase over 40-fold in the presence of additional ligand. This effect was specific for either labeled or unlabeled estradiol, was observed under conditions in which the rebinding of dissociated ligand was shown not to occur, was distinguishable from the activation of cytoplasmic receptor, and was dependent upon the degree of saturation of the receptor by ligand. It occurred under conditions in which the receptor population was apparently uniform and stable and utilized an assay method that is particularly sensitive to low concentrations of cytosol protein. Once saturation of the receptor attained 15% of the available ligand binding sites, further increases of the dissociation rate of receptor-ligand complex could not be produced by the inclusion of additional estradiol. It was shown that exchange of ligand molecules in given binding sites was unlikely. Rather, support was given to the hypothesis that interactions were occurring between separate binding sites in the receptor population. The decrease of the apparent affinity of receptor for ligand when the fractional saturation of receptor increases has been defined as negative cooperativity. It is proposed that this phenomenon may be significant in the regulation of the response of target cells to estrogens.
Relating violence to MODIS fire detections in Darfur, Sudan

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Thermal Anomalies and Fire Detection data product can provide an input into early warning and rapid response efforts of interest to human rights, humanitarian and security communities. A review of fire detection data during a period of intense violence in Darfur, Sudan, marked by burning campaigns targeted at many settlements in the region, was conducted to test which, if any, of these fires were detected by MODIS. The results indicate that a significant portion of the fires related to violence were detected, and a relationship was found between increased fire detections and reported violence. However, underlying difficulties in the anecdotal reporting introduce uncertainties into the results. While not universally applicable, calculating increases in fire detections on a daily, global basis can possibly provide objective, satellite-based information on certain violent conflicts impacting civilian populations.
Longitudinal impact of substance use and depressive symptoms on bone accrual among girls aged 11-19 years

Abstract Purpose Osteoporosis is primarily evident in postmenopausal women, but its roots are traceable to periods of growth, including during adolescence. Depression, anxiety, and smoking are associated with lower bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. These associations have not been studied longitudinally across adolescence, when more than 50% of bone accrual occurs. Methods To determine the impact of depressive and anxiety symptoms, smoking, and alcohol use on bone accrual in girls 11–19 years, 262 healthy girls were enrolled in age cohorts of 11, 13, 15, and 17 years. Using a cross-sequential design, girls were seen for three annual visits. Outcome measures included total body bone mineral content and BMD of the total hip and lumbar spine using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Depressive and anxiety symptoms and smoking and alcohol use were by self-report. Results Higher-frequency smoking was associated with a lower rate of lumbar spine and total hip BMD accrual from ages 13–19. Higher depressive symptoms were associated with lower lumbar spine BMD across 11–19 years of age. There was no effect of depressive symptoms on total body bone mineral content, and there was no effect of alcohol intake on any bone outcome. Conclusion Adolescent smokers are at higher risk for less than optimal bone accrual. Even in the absence of diagnosable depression, depressive symptoms may influence adolescent bone accrual. These findings have import for prevention of later osteoporosis and fractures.
Traitement endovasculaire d'un faux-anévrysme traumatique de la carotide par stenting et embolisation par coil

Les faux-anevrysmes post-traumatiques de l'artere carotide interne sont des lesions rares mais menacant potentiellement la vie qui compliquent environ un tiers des traumatismes carotidiens fermes. Les autres types de lesions comportent les dissections, les thromboses et les ruptures completes. Historiquement, les faux-anevrysmes carotidiens ont ete traites chirurgicalement par restauration arterielle, ligature et anticoagulation, l'angioplastie et le stenting percutane ayant fait leur apparition au cours de la derniere decennie. Nous presentons l'observation d'un malade de 19 ans avec un faux-anevrysme post-traumatique de l'artere carotide interne qui augmentait de taille sous traitement conservateur et fut traite par embolisation par coil et stenting.
Reaction-induced phase separation of bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane upon sol-gel polymerization in acidic conditions.

Abstract While organically bridged alkoxysilane precursors such as bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane (BTESE) find increasing use in materials synthesis, their polymerization still has not been subject to detailed kinetic investigations. One factor complicating the measurement and interpretation of the behavior of these monomers is their tendency to aggregate during polymerization into small clusters or particles. Here, the phase behavior and kinetics of BTESE during polymerization in acidic water–ethanol solutions are investigated in situ using 29Si NMR spectroscopy. Based on macroscopic observation of the colloidal stability of the reacting solutions, a ternary pseudo-phase diagram is constructed and solutions that seem from a macroscopic point of view to be favorable for kinetic investigation are probed in situ using 29Si NMR. However, even when the solutions remain optically clear, the polymerization mixtures are sometimes prone to gradual loss of NMR signal. The rate of signal loss is found to be dependent on the initial composition as well as the pH of the reacting mixtures. We speculate that this phenomenon is caused by microphase separation of reaction intermediates formed early in the polymerization process. This phenomenon is likely to affect the formation and distribution of oligomers in the solution that eventually react together to form a material.