cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
User-directed analysis of scanned images

Digital capture (scanning in all its forms, and digital photography/video recording), in providing virtually free temporary memory of captured information, allows users to "over-gather" information during capture, and then to discard unwanted material later. For cameras and video recorders, such editing largely consists of discarding images or frames in their entirety. For scanners (and high-resolution camera/video), such editing benefits from a preview capability that provides quick and reliable user-interface tools for selecting, filtering and saving specific portions of the input. Appropriate preview user interface (UI) tools ease the accessing, editing and dispatch to desired destination (archive, application, webpage, etc.) of captured information (text, tables, drawings, photos, etc.). In this paper, we present several different means for the user-directed "rapid capture" of portions of a scanned image. Specifically, we review past, present and future preview-based UI tools that allow efficient and accurate means of capture to the user. The bases of these tools, as described herein, are user-directed zoning analysis, known as "click and select", which incorporates a bottom-up zoning analysis engine; and statistics-based region classification, which allows rapid reconfiguration of region identification and clustering. We conclude with our view of the future of UI-directed capture.
The poor fossil record of the regular echinoid

The fossil record of echinoids is poor because soon after death they break apart into isolated plates. In the present seas regular echinoid species outnumber irregular species; whereas, in the Tertiary only 20% of the known echinoid species are regular. This suggests that regular echinoids are less likely to be preserved than irregular echinoids. The tests of regu- lar echinoids are exposed to scavengers and currents upon their death, but irregular echinoids generally live buried in the sediment and are protected from these destructive forces. Further- more, the tests of the regular echinoids lack the calcareous supports found in some irregular echinoids. The gut is not filled with sediment and its apical system is generally larger and more fragile. Finally, many regular echinoids live in environments less likely to be preserved in the sedimentary record. Although the irregular echinoid is more likely to be fossilized, its record is poor during some periods in the past. Although 1,014 irregular echinoid species are known from the Eocene, only 83 species are known from the Paleocene and only 343 are known from the Oligocene. Is this reduction because fewer species lived then or because they have not been preserved?
Learning in silicon: a floating-gate based, biophysically inspired, neuromorphic hardware system with synaptic plasticity

The goal of neuromorphic engineering is to create electronic systems that model the behavior of biological neural systems. Neuromorphic systems can leverage a combination of analog and digital circuit design techniques to enable computational modeling, with orders of magnitude of reduction in size, weight, and power consumption compared to the traditional modeling approach based upon numerical integration. These benefits of neuromorphic modeling have the potential to facilitate neural modeling in resource-constrained research environments. Moreover, they will make it practical to use neural computation in the design of intelligent machines, including portable, battery-powered, and energy harvesting applications. Floating-gate transistor technology is a powerful tool for neuromorphic engineering because it allows dense implementation of synapses with nonvolatile storage of synaptic weights, cancellation of process mismatch, and reconfigurable system design. A novel neuromorphic hardware system, featuring compact and efficient channel-based model neurons and floating-gate transistor synapses, was developed. This system was used to model a variety of network topologies with up to 100 neurons. The networks were shown to possess computational capabilities such as spatio-temporal pattern generation and recognition, winner-take-all competition, bistable activity implementing a "volatile memory", and wavefront-based robotic path planning. Some canonical features of synaptic plasticity, such as potentiation of high frequency inputs and potentiation of correlated inputs in the presence of uncorrelated noise, were demonstrated. Preliminary results regarding formation of receptive fields were obtained. Several advances in enabling technologies, including methods for floating-gate transistor array programming, and the creation of a reconfigurable system for studying adaptation in floating-gate transistor circuits, were made.
Response of Male Jack Pine Sawfly, Neodiprion pratti banksianae (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), to Mixtures of Optical Isomers of the Sex Pheromone, 3, 7-Dimethylpentadecan-2-ol

Mixtures of optical isomers of 3,7-dimethylpentadecan-2-ylacetate were tested in the field for the attraction of Neodiprion pratti banksianae Rohwer. The males were mainly attracted to the 2S,3S,7S-isomer, and the attraction was improved by addition of a low (6–20%) but inhibited by a high (>20%) proportion of the 2S,3R,7R-isomer. A 5:1 isomer ratio gave the best attractiveness for the males of N. p. banksianae.
Proposed health state awareness of helicopter blades using an artificial neural network strategy

Structural health prognostics and diagnosis strategies can be classified as either model or signal-based. Artificial neural network strategies are popular signal-based techniques. This paper proposes the use of helicopter blades in order to study the sensitivity of an artificial neural network to structural fatigue. The experimental setup consists of a scale aluminum helicopter blade exposed to transverse vibratory excitation at the hub using single axis electrodynamic shaker. The intent of this study is to optimize an algorithm for processing high-dimensional data while retaining important information content in an effort to select input features and weights, as well as health parameters, for training a neural network. Data from accelerometers and piezoelectric transducers is collected from a known system designated as healthy. Structural damage will be introduced to different blades, which they will be designated as unhealthy. A variety of different tests will be performed to track the evolution and severity of the damage. A number of damage detection and diagnosis strategies will be implemented. A preliminary experiment was performed on aluminum cantilever beams providing a simpler model for implementation and proof of concept. Future work will look at utilizing the detection information as part of a hierarchical control system in order to mitigate structural damage and fatigue. The proposed approach may eliminate massive data storage on board of an aircraft through retaining relevant information only. The control system can then employ the relevant information to intelligently reconfigure adaptive maneuvers to avoid harmful regimes, thus, extending the life of the aircraft.
On Valid Inequalities for Mixed Integer p -Order Cone Programming

We discuss two families of valid inequalities for linear mixed integer programming problems with cone constraints of arbitrary order, which arise in the context of stochastic optimization with downside risk measures. In particular, we extend the results of Atamturk and Narayanan (Math. Program., 122:1–20, 2010, Math. Program., 126:351–363, 2011), who developed mixed integer rounding cuts and lifted cuts for mixed integer programming problems with second-order cone constraints. Numerical experiments conducted on randomly generated problems and portfolio optimization problems with historical data demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
CHAPTER 5 – Parathyroid Hormone and Calcium Homeostasis

This chapter describes parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcium homeostasis. The divalent cation calcium serves an essential role in the physiology of virtually all living things and calcium is a universal intracellular messenger that is utilized by virtually every cell. Many enzymes and ion channels are calcium sensitive, and an impressive array of processes are regulated by changes in intracellular calcium via these proteins. These processes include muscle contraction; secretion of proteins, catecholamines, and other vesicle contents; membrane excitability; the intracellular metabolism of nutrients; cellular proliferation; and cell death. Most cells maintain the baseline level of cytoplasmic ionized calcium (Ca 2+ ) at approximately 100 n M and generate calcium signals by raising the concentration of Ca 2+ in cytoplasm transiently to 500–1000n M. The primary purpose of PTH is to regulate the serum calcium concentration within the very narrow physiological range of approximately 8.9–10.1 mg/dl. In normal humans, the individual variation of Ca 2+ from the mean is less than 2%. To achieve this aim, the secretion of PTH is directly controlled by the level of calcium in serum in a classical negative feedback loop.
TAVERNS: Visualization and Manipulation of GIS Data in 3D Large Screen Immersive Environments

Currently there are many software packages that allow analysis of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) data. However, these software packages limit user interaction and exploration of the GIS data to 2- dimensional (2D) interface. Virtual Reality (VR) technology provides a great way for manipulating and visualizing 3-dimensional (3D) data in three dimensions. This paper presents the use of 3D large screen immersive environments for manipulation and interaction of GIS data in creating and editing GIS shapefiles.
Philosophy in Western Han Dynasty China (206 BCE–9 CE)

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that there are ample resources in the English-speaking academic community to enable philosophers who cannot read Chinese to work with material from the Western Han dynasty in their research or teaching. It discusses three kinds of resources, with the aim of developing a community of philosophers engaged in a sustained conversation about Western Han thought. These resources are (1) histories that describe various aspects of the Han dynasty, (2) translations of key texts, and (3) intellectual histories that examine specific thinkers or texts from the Han. This article also provides a detailed example of one way in which Western Han texts demonstrate the diversity of Chinese philosophy with regard to value conflicts.
A High-Power Widely Tunable Limiter Utilizing an Evanescent-Mode Cavity Resonator Loaded With a Gas Discharge Tube

A new plasma-based widely tunable power limiter is introduced and experimentally investigated in this paper. The proposed limiter is composed of a high- $Q$ evanescent-mode cavity resonator loaded with a gas discharge tube in its gap area over the post. Increasing input power results in enhancing electric field over the gap, which eventually leads to microwave gas breakdown and plasma formation. The limiter loss after the breakdown depends on the electron density in the tube, which itself is a function of input power. Hence, the limiting mechanism is self-sustained. The threshold power is tunable either coarsely by selecting different tubes with various breakdown voltages or finely by dc biasing the tube. In a fabricated proof-of-concept limiter at 2.16 GHz with 22% bandwidth, preionization by an external dc bias provided 15.5 dB of limiting power tunability in the range of 370 mW–13 W, while the limiter could easily handle up to 100-W input power. The response time of this limiter is $ \alpha $ -discharge regime, the limiter performance is quite stable and no degradation was observed after a long operation under high input power.
NEW CONCEPTS FOR DAIRY WASTE MANAGEMENT

An Environmental Protection Agency funded dairy waste management project has been carried out in Southern California. The program is conducted in close collaboration with the State and local health departments, farm advisors and dairy industry. A simple aeration process produces compost at low cost. The product is “pasteurized,” weed-seed free, and an attractive soil amendment. A re-cycling system gives promise of housing 200 cows per acre without producing surface or ground water pollution, or odor and fly nuisances.
Response to the Letter to the Editor From Iliadou, Sirimanna, and Bamiou Regarding DeBonis (2015).

Purpose The purpose of this letter is to respond to “Central Auditory Processing Disorder Is Classified in ICD-10 and H93.25 and Hearing Evaluation—Not Screening—Should Be Implemented in Children W...
GABA AND ENKEPHALIN IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN MONKEY NEOSTRIATUM

At the first IBAGS Symposium in Australia, we presented some of our work on the immunocytochemical localization of serotonin in the primate basal ganglia (Pasik et al., 1984). It was the only report at the meeting utilizing this technique. The program of this second symposium contains over a dozen such papers, bearing witness to the power of immunocytochemistry to unravel the intimate organization of the nervous system, particularly at the synaptic level. The advent of additional antibodies which recognize small molecules, such as neuroactive amino acids, together with the development of double labeling techniques at the ultrastructural level, have contributed greatly to the strength of the method. We have used such an antibody directed against GABA (Hodgson et al., 1985), and the localization of this compound together with leu-enkephalin (ENK) in the same section, to visualize specific immunoreactive elements in the neostriatum of the macaque monkey.
Cobalt-Doped Brushite Cement: Preparation, Characterization, and In Vitro Interaction with Osteosarcoma Cells

Brushite cement (BrC) is being widely used in bone and dental tissue engineering application because of its significant biocompatibility, bioresorbability, and moldability. Here, we have reported the effects of cobalt (Co) and its concentration on physical and biological properties of BrC. Our results show that Co addition stabilizes the tricalcium phosphate structure and decreases the amount of BrC phase in the final product. The in vitro interaction of samples with osteosarcoma MG-63 cells proved the cytocompatibility of all compositions in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Although the cell viability increased under hypoxia, the change was insignificant compared with normoxic conditions. Our data show that Co addition reduced hypoxia inducible factor-1α and glioma-associated oncogene family zinc finger 2 expression in MG-63, suggesting Co may provide the benefit of reducing the effects of hypoxia on gene expression in the osteosarcoma cell line.
Sigma-Delta Quantization for Fusion Frames and Distributed Sensor Networks

We discuss an adaptation of Sigma-Delta (Σ Δ) quantization to the vector-valued setting of fusion frames. Stability bounds are presented for first order and higher order fusion frame Σ Δ algorithms and an analogue of Sobolev duals for fusion frames is described for the reconstruction process. Stability bounds for the first order algorithm show that stable implementations are possible with extremely coarse quantization alphabets that use less than one bit per dimension of each fusion frame subspace. Examples are given to illustrate the performance of the algorithms.
Subsurface Wastewater Injection, Florida

Deep-well injection of liquid waste is being evaluated in Florida as a management option to help alleviate environmental deterioration of fresh and estuarine waters and increasing problems of waste disposal. Extensive areas of Florida are underlain by permeable saline-aquifer systems that are separated from overlying freshwater aquifers by low-permeability confining materials consisting of clay, evaporites, or dense carbonate rocks. These deep saline zones are the subject of current research designed to assess the environmental impact of subsurface waste storage. Three active deep-well disposal systems currently exist, and two additional systems are under construction. Industrial and municipal wastes are injected into subsurface environments of different hydrogeologic characteristics at depths ranging from 1,400–3,000 ft. Transmissivities of the receiving carbonate aquifers range from 6,500 gpd per ft in northwest Florida to more than 17,000,000 gpd per ft for the cavernous Boulder Zone in southern peninsular Florida
Novel carbon nanotube interlaminar film sensors for carbon fiber composites under uniaxial fatigue loading

Abstract This paper discusses the real-time sensing behavior of carbon nanotube film sensors interleaved between cross-ply carbon fiber-epoxy laminate under uniaxial fatigue loading conditions . The carbon nanotube film integrated cross-ply specimens were subjected to tension-tension fatigue load (R = 0.5) up to 10,000 cycles, and the electrical-mechanical response of the sensors was monitored in situ. The damage progression of the composite laminate was monitored during fatigue loading through non-destructive acoustic emission and microscopic edge replication techniques. The damage state of the laminate was also characterized using ultrasonic c-scan and X-ray computed tomography . The carbon nanotube film sensors are highly capable of strain sensing under fatigue loading. As damage accumulates in the fiber composite through the formation of matrix cracks and delamination the shift in internal stresses can be utilized to monitor damage progression in situ. In particular, the quasi-static piezoresistive response of the laminate at low strains becomes increasingly negative and can be utilized as an indicator of damage.
The effects of appearance and motion of virtual characters on emotional reactivity

Abstract The aim of this study was to examine the influence of appearance and motion of virtual characters on students' emotional reactions. We used four different virtual reality (VR) conditions with different combinations of appearance and motion: that is, a regular-male and zombie-male virtual character each assigned to low- and high-amplitude motion. Participants were asked to wear a head-mounted display (HMD) and observe the virtual content. Immediately after viewing each of the four stimuli, participants were asked questions about their emotional reactions in terms of reactivity (intensity) and subjective valence. Both the appearance and the motion of the virtual characters significantly affected participants’ (a) emotional valence in a dynamic pattern and (b) emotional intensity, with reactions to subjectively aversive and/or active stimuli as more negative than reactions to neutral and/or passive stimuli. Females showed significantly higher levels of negative emotional intensity to all virtual characters and negative emotional valence (lower likeability) to aversive characters. Implications for further research, and gender and cultural considerations are discussed.
Heat losses associated with the upward flow of air, water, CO2 in geothermal production wells

Abstract This present work reports on the heat losses associated with the upward flow of hot air, water, and CO2 in a production well. The heat losses considered here are the frictional heat loss, the gravitational heat loss, the Joule-Thomson effect, and the conduction heat loss to the surrounding rock formation. These heat losses were characterized using the mass flow rate, the operation time as variable parameters while the surrounding formation was assumed to have constant properties with a linear geothermal gradient. The results show that, the frictional heat loss was small while the influences of the others depended on the flow conditions and the operation time. For water, the Joule-Thomson effect was a heating effect and its magnitude was comparable to that due to the gravitational effect. The conduction heat loss was dominant for all situations. For air as well as CO2, the Joule-Thomson effects were the cooling effects. For low mass flow rates, the conduction heat loss was the dominant heat loss during the initial stages of the operation and the combined heat losses due to the gravitational and the Joule-Thomson effects became dominant during the later times. For high mass flow rates, throughout the operation life time, the gravitational and the Joule-Thomson effects were the dominant heat losses that control the temperature of air and CO2 in the production well.
The Sociology of Agriculture and Food (1950s -2010s): A View from the North

This article reviews the evolution and salient characteristics of the substantive academic area of Sociology of Agriculture and Food (SAF). Employing the activities of the International Sociological Association (ISA) Research Committee on Sociology of Agriculture and Food (RC-40) as an empirical indicator of the evolution of this sub-discipline of sociology, the article illustrates SAF’s origins and growth. It reviews key historical events that led to its current status. It also analyses the theoretical approaches that define this substantive area through the review of the production of salient SAF researchers. Created in the 1970s, SAF evolved from a group concerned with the study of agriculture and rural communities to a network of scholars interested in the analysis of agriculture and food as part of the broader expansion of social relations at the global level. The article reviews the early stages of SAF in the 1950s and 1960s, its establishment in the 1970s and development and further growth in the following decades. A discussion on salient empirical findings and theoretical positions completes the review of the characteristic of SAF. The conclusions point outthe sophisticated nature of the research and theories that characterized this substantive area of sociology.
Duodenal Varix Rupture - A Rare Cause of Fatal Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Duodenal varices are a rare complication of portal hypertension; with cirrhosis being the most common cause. Reports regarding the disease prognosis and natural history are limited. In addition to the diagnostic difficulty, ectopic duodenal varices pose a significant therapeutic challenge owing to the lack of specific management guidelines. Given the high risk of rupture, they can have devastating clinical outcomes. Rupture typically presents as a gastrointestinal hemorrhage and requires emergent interventions. We present a case of duodenal varix seen on upper endoscopy in a patient with portal hypertension and cirrhosis, together with review of the literature outlining the current understanding of this disease entity. We also highlight the pathogenetic mechanisms as well as the current diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for this potentially fatal disease.
A Novel PHOX/CD38/MCOLN1/TFEB Axis Important For Macrophage Activation During Bacterial Phagocytosis

Abstract Macrophages are a key and heterogenous class of phagocytic cells of the innate immune system, which act as sentinels in peripheral tissues and are mobilized during infection. Macrophage activation in the presence of bacterial cells and molecules entails specific and complex programs of gene expression. How such triggers elicit the gene expression programs is incompletely understood. We previously discovered that transcription factor TFEB is a key contributor to macrophage activation during bacterial phagocytosis. However, the mechanism linking phagocytosis of bacterial cells to TFEB activation remained unknown. In this article, we describe a previously unknown pathway that links phagocytosis with the activation of TFEB and related transcription factor TFE3 in macrophages. We find that phagocytosis of bacterial cells causes an NADPH oxidase (PHOX)-dependent oxidative burst, which activates enzyme CD38 and generates NAADP in the maturing phagosome. Phago-lysosome fusion brings Ca2+ channel TRPML1/MCOLN1 in contact with NAADP, causing Ca2+ efflux from the lysosome, calcineurin activation, and TFEB nuclear import. This drives TFEB-dependent expression of important pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Thus, our findings reveal that TFEB activation is a key regulatory event for the activation of macrophages. These findings have important implications for infections, cancer, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
Transradial Access for Newly Food and Drug Administration-Approved Devices for Endovascular Treatment of Cerebral Aneurysms: A Technical Note.

Background Despite the recent increase of transradial access among neurointerventionalists, there is still a paucity of evidence in the neurosurgical literature. There are 3 newly Food and Drug Administration–approved devices—Woven EndoBridge (WEB), Surpass, and PulseRider—that significantly expand the options available for endovascular treatment of cerebral aneurysms. Our work reports the safety and feasibility of radial artery catheterization for the deployment of these new devices. Methods We performed a review of the first 10 patients with an unruptured cerebral aneurysm treated via a transradial cerebral angiogram. Seven patients underwent embolization with the WEB device, 1 patient underwent embolization with the PulseRider, and 2 patients underwent embolization with the Surpass device. We describe in detail our workflow and the devices used for transradial access. Results The aneurysms treated include internal carotid artery bifurcation, middle cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, basilar tip, and posterior communicating artery. All patients underwent radial artery catheterization, and none of them had to be converted to femoral artery access. Of the 10 patients, 9 required a single attempt for accurate device deployment. One patient had unsuccessful placement of the WEB device and required coiling of the aneurysm because of device herniation into the parent vessel. None of the patients had any postoperative complications and were discharged the following day with the same modified Rankin scale score as preoperatively. Conclusions Our experience with 10 patients revealed no limitations during catheterization and deployment of these devices. One patient had to be converted to coil embolization, which was feasible through the same vascular access. None of the patients had vascular complications postoperatively with minimal wrist discomfort.
What predicts second language reading success?: a study of home and school variables

Ces dernieres annees, de nombreuses etudes ont ete menees sur l'efficacite de la lecture libre et sur le developpement d'une habitude de lecture tout au long de la vie, mais en se concentrant essentiellement sur l'environnement familial des locuteurs anglophones natifs. Dans cet article, les As. tentent de remedier a cette situation en explorant l'impact de l'environnement familial sur les performances de lecture en anglais langue seconde par des eleves d'origine hispanique dans une ecole primaire du sud de la Californie. L'analyse d'un questionnaire portant sur les habitudes de lecture des eleves a la maison et a l'ecole indique que le facteur le plus important dans la maitrise de la lecture est l'acces au materiel de lecture. Ce resultat suggere que la qualite des bibliotheques scolaires est un bon moyen de prevoir la reussite des eleves face a la lecture
Food allergy and the microbiome: Current understandings and future directions

Growing evidence points to an important role for the commensal microbiota in susceptibility to food allergy. Epidemiologic studies demonstrate associations between exposures known to modify the microbiome and risk of food allergy. Direct profiling of the gut microbiome in human cohort studies has demonstrated that individuals with food allergy have distinct gut microbiomes compared to healthy control subjects, and dysbiosis precedes the development of food allergy. Mechanistic studies in mouse models of food allergy have confirmed that the composition of the intestinal microbiota can imprint susceptibility or resistance to food allergy on the host and have identified a unique population of microbially responsive RORγt-positive FOXp3-positive regulatory T cells as critical for the maintenance of tolerance to foods. Armed with this new understanding of the role of the microbiota in food allergy and tolerance, therapeutics aimed at modifying the gastrointestinal microbiota are in development. In this article we review key milestones in the development of our current understanding of how the gastrointestinal microbiota contributes to food allergy and discuss our vision for the future of the field.
“Without That Detail, I’m Not Coming”: The Perspectives of Students with Disabilities on Accessibility Information Provided on Academic Library Websites

Although most academic library websites include a webpage of information intended for users with disabilities, no research was located that solicited feedback about users’ needs or preferences for these pages. To address this discrepancy, 12 university students with disabilities were interviewed about their perspectives on navigation, search terms, organization, desired content, and the overall look and feel for such a webpage. These interviews revealed numerous important considerations around accessibility and inclusivity, and a list of recommendations was compiled.
A Unified Framework for Human Centered Design of a Substance Use, Abuse, and Recovery Support System

This research explores the analysis, design, and testing of a software application to support opioid peer specialists working to assist substance users, abusers, those in recovery, and their families. The paper presents a framework integrating best practice approaches from Design Science Research, Community Based Participatory Research, and human centered and user experience design principles for the purpose of: 1) guiding community based, goal-directed software design, and 2) building and evaluating a substance use, abuse, and recovery software application. Focus group findings from 33 participants suggest that using the framework enables alignment between human centered system requirements; personal, family, and community-based program goal achievement; and local/state population health directives. End user feedback indicates that the software application design addresses specific human interaction needs for the complex high-stakes context of opioid use, abuse, and recovery.
Discovery of senescence biomarkers and senolytic drugs by proteomic profiling

Abstract Senescent cells promote chronic inflammation and age-related disease through secretion of cytokines and other inflammatory proteins. As such, the development of senolytic drugs that specifically eliminate senescent cells is an area of great therapeutic promise. One limitation to the identification of senolytic drugs has been the lack of robust biomarkers that predict toxicity in senescent cells. Here, we used mass spectrometry-based proteomics to identify senescence biomarkers in primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs), a model system for aging. By integrating proteomic data from replicative senescence, immortalization by telomerase reactivation, and drug-induced senescence, we identified a robust HMEC proteomic signature of senescence consisting of 57 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins. This senescence signature identified both known senescence biomarkers, including downregulation of the nuclear lamina protein lamin-B1 (LMNB1), as well as novel biomarkers such as upregulation of the β-galactoside-binding protein galectin-7 (LGALS7). Then, we integrated our proteomic signature of senescence with large-scale drug screening databases to predict that EGFR inhibitors, MEK inhibitors, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib are senolytic in HMEC. Experimental validation demonstrated that the EGFR inhibitors dacomitinib and sapitinib, in addition to dasatinib, induce death in senescent but not proliferating HMECs. Taken together, our results support that the combination of quantitative proteomics and public drug screening databases is a powerful approach to identify senescence biomarkers and novel senolytic compounds.
Experience With Cardiology-Oriented Outcomes in Critically Ill Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019.

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 is associated with high mortality rates and multiple organ damage. There is increasing evidence that these patients are at risk for various cardiovascular insults; however, there are currently no guidelines for the diagnosis and management of such cardiovascular complications in patients with coronavirus disease 2019. We share data and recommendations from a multidisciplinary team to highlight our institution's clinical experiences and guidelines for managing cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019. Design Setting and Patients: This was a retrospective cohort study of patients admitted to one of six ICUs dedicated to the care of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 located in three hospitals within one academic medical center in Atlanta, Georgia. Measurements/Interventions: Chart review was conducted for sociodemographic, laboratory, and clinical data. Rates of specific cardiovascular complications were assessed, and data were analyzed using a chi-square or Wilcoxon rank-sum test for categorical and continuous variables. Additionally, certain cases are presented to demonstrate the sub committee's recommendations. Main Results: Two-hundred eighty-eight patients were admitted to the ICU with coronavirus disease 2019. Of these, 86 died (29.9%), 242 (84.03%) had troponin elevation, 70 (24.31%) had dysrhythmias, four (1.39%) had ST-elevation myocardial infarction, eight (2.78%) developed cor pulmonale, and 190 (65.97%) with shock. There was increased mortality risk in patients with greater degrees of troponin elevation (p < 0.001) and with the development of arrhythmias (p < 0.001), cor pulmonale (p < 0.001), and shock (p < 0.001). Conclusions: While there are guidelines for the diagnosis and management of pulmonary complications of coronavirus disease 2019, there needs to be more information regarding the management of cardiovascular complications as well. These recommendations garnered from the coronavirus disease 2019 cardiology subcommittee from our institution will add to the existing knowledge of these potential cardiovascular insults as well as highlight suggestions for the diagnosis and management of the range of cardiovascular complications of coronavirus disease 2019. Additionally, with the spread of coronavirus disease 2019, our case-based recommendations provide a bedside resource for providers newly caring for patients with coronavirus disease 2019.
Contextual Evaluation of Human–Machine Team Effectiveness

The adoption of human-machine teams is rapidly expanding in many domains such as healthcare and disaster relief. Fueled by novel advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and other technologies, machines with relatively high degrees of autonomy and self-awareness are being developed to improve efficiency and productivity in complex dynamic environments. The traditional role of machines as human tools is shifting to one where they now serve as human collaborative team partners. Despite this progression, evaluation of human-machine team performance remains ill-defined. In many human-machine team settings, end-users rely on metrics that are insufficient at explaining a team’s performance. Explanations are crucial because they help understand a team’s operational dynamics and identify the shortcomings that individual agents (human or machine) introduce to the team. To address this explanation gap, we introduce a context-specific interference-based methodology to evaluate human-machine team effectiveness. Interference provides a measure that reflects the cohesiveness and compatibility between the goals of the human and the machine agents. Context is essential as human-machine teams are deployed in various settings. Our methodology relies on using a classifier that is trained to map human-machine team behavior to a set of behavioral attributes that are directly linked to the team’s performance. These behavioral attributes provide high-level explanations about the team’s observed performance outcome and insights on the mechanism of team interference. To test our methodology, we conduct experiments involving the teaming of humans and scripted bots (machines) in a StarCraft 2 game domain. From these experiments, our classifier achieves an accuracy of 84% in predicting agent behavioral attributes from a set of 18 unique classes. To validate the use of this classifier in our evaluation approach, we compare the Pearson correlation between predicted team win-ratios and observed win-ratios, and we achieve a statistically significant score of 0.76. These results suggest that predicted team attributes reflect the actual team behaviors; hence, we can confidently apply the predicted team attributes to evaluate and prescribe human-machine teams.
Experiments and Theory for Continuous Steady Acceleration of Low Density Plasmas

Continuous plasma acceleration has been experimentally achieved between coaxial electrodes with the use of magnetic field gradients. The axial component of the magnetic field aids in ionizing the gas by lengthening the path of the electrons for collisions, as in the Philips ionization gauge. This axial component is also instrumental in the axial plasma acceleration. It interacts with the radial current to produce a circular component of electron motion exceeding by far that of the ions particularly at low densities. The circular Hall currents, together with the radial component of the magnetic field cause an axial force for plasma acceleration. The circular currents interacting with the axial magnetic field component cause an inward confining force on the plasma. For higher densities, the whole plasma is set into rotation. The circular currents yielding acceleration and confinement of the plasma are due to centrifugal forces pushing the plasma against the magnetic field.
The ζ (2) limit in the random assignment problem

Author(s): Aldous, DJ | Abstract: The random assignment (or bipartite matching) problem asks about An = minπ ∑ni=1 c(i, π(i)) where (c(i, j)) is a n × n matrix with i.i.d. entries, say with exponential(1) distribution, and the minimum is over permutations π. Mezard and Parisi (1987) used the replica method from statistical physics to argue nonrigorously that EAn → ζ(2) = π2/6. Aldous (1992) identified the limit in terms of a matching problem on a limit infinite tree. Here we construct the optimal matching on the infinite tree. This yields a rigorous proof of the ζ(2) limit and of the conjectured limit distribution of edge-costs and their rank-orders in the optimal matching. It also yields the asymptotic essential uniqueness property: every almost-optimal matching coincides with the optimal matching except on a small proportion of edges. © 2001 John Wiley a Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 18, 381-418, 2001.
Fine-needle aspiration cytology of the solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a study of 13 cases with clinical, histologic, and ultrasound correlations.

BACKGROUND The solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (SVPTC) comprises approximately 3% of thyroid cancers, and there are conflicting reports about its behavior in the literature. The cytology of SVPTC is limited to 3 single case reports, a review article, and a monograph. We present the first cytologic study of SVPTC. METHODS Fine-needle aspiration smears obtained with ultrasound guidance from 13 patients with histologically pure SVPTC were reviewed, and the cytologic features recorded. Ultrasound images were retrieved from radiology and were correlated with low-power histology images. Intratumor vascularity on Doppler imaging was correlated with cellularity in cytology samples. RESULTS Three cytomorphologic patterns of SVPTC were identified: cohesive, syncytial-type tissue fragments; microfollicles/trabeculae; and dyshesive single cells. All 3 SVPTCs in the first group were encapsulated without invasion. Two of 6 SVPTCs in the second group had a single lymph node metastasis; 4 were encapsulated, and 2 had pushing borders. Ultrasound images in the first and second SVPTC groups were similar, with the majority revealing a well defined, solid nodule with minimal intranodular vascularity. All 4 SVPTCs in the third group had infiltrative borders; and, with the exception of one 0.8-cm tumor, all had multiple lymph node metastases. Ultrasound in the third group revealed irregular borders. RET/PTC1 and RET/PTC3 mutations were found in 2 cases of the third group. CONCLUSIONS SVPTCs are heterogeneous tumors. The cohesive, syncytial tissue-fragment pattern can be recognized as SVPTC in smears and is associated with encapsulation and indolent behavior. The microfollicular/trabecular pattern is indistinguishable from that of the follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma and has intermediate behavior. The dyshesive single-cell pattern correlates with infiltrative tumor growth and may not be unique to SVPTC. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:71–81. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Rule-based trust assessment on the semantic web

The Semantic Web is a decentralized forum on which anyone can publish structured data or extend and reuse existing data. This inherent openness of the Semantic Web raises questions about the trustworthiness of the data. Data is usually deemed trustworthy based on several factors including its source, users' prior knowledge, the reputation of the source, and the previous experience of users. However, as rules are important on the Semantic Web for checking data integrity, representing implicit knowledge, or even defining policies, additional factors need to be considered for data that is inferred. Given an existing trust measure, we identify two trust axes namely data and rules and two trust categories namely content-based and metadata-based that are useful for trust assignments associated with Semantic Web data. We propose a meta-modeling framework that uses trust ontologies to assign trust values to data, sources, rules, etc. on the Web, provenance ontologies to capture data generation, and declarative rules to combine these values to form different trust assessment models. These trust assessment models can be used to transfer trust from known to unknown data. We discuss how AIR, a Web rule language, can be used to implement our framework and declaratively describe assessment models using different kinds of trust and provenance ontologies.
Adaptive Observer for Optimal Control of Lathe Tool Wear

Lathe turning is a single point cutting process, thus the cutting edge of the tool is not accessible for direct tool wear measurement. A variety of indirect in-process measurements have been proposed and/or tested in laboratories, but none have found practical application. A new approach to in-process tool wear sensing is described in this paper. It employs an observable, control-oriented state space model having a six-variable state vector. Four state variables are measureable by practical means, but the other two are tool wear characteristics that cannot be directly measured. In past work, the operation of a linear observer for tool wear was verified by simulation. This paper describes an adaptive observer that reduces the dependence on knowledge of plant parameters. Its operation is being verified by simulation. The results of the simulation will permit the development of requirements for practical application in the adaptive control of lathes.
Novel approaches to smoothing and comparing SELDI TOF spectra

BACKGROUND Most published literature using SELDI-TOF has used traditional techniques in Spectral Analysis such as Fourier transforms and wavelets for denoising. Most of these publications also compare spectra using their most prominent feature, i.e, peaks or local maximums. METHODS The maximum intensity value within each window of differentiable m/z values was used to represent the intensity level in that window. We also calculated the 'Area under the Curve' (AUC) spanned by each window. RESULTS Keeping everything else constant, such as pre-processing of the data and the classifier used, the AUC performed much better as a metric of comparison than the peaks in two out of three data sets. In the third data set both metrics performed equivalently. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that the feature used to compare spectra can have an impact on the results of a study attempting to identify biomarkers using SELDI TOF data.
Disproportionate Minority Confinement: A Historical Look at Racial Incarceration

The incarceration of African Americans is not a phenomenon that occurred post the civil rights era but has been a practical fact of criminal justice administration since data on incarceration has been kept. Before crack cocaine and three strikes; before the war on drugs; before the war on poverty and the welfare state; before children born out of wedlock and the rise of single female head of households; before sentencing guidelines and getting tough on crime; before the world wars; and before the revolutionary war - African Americans have been disproportionately incarcerated in the United States. World and American history teaches us that the criminal justice system is not only an institution of retribution, rehabilitation, incapacitation and incarceration (the four theories of punishment) but is an institution of social control. This paper will review the historical rise in the incarceration of African Americans in prisons as well as some of the key explanations and proposed solutions to disproportional minority confinement.
Protostellar Disks under the Influence of Winds and UV Radiation

Star formation and the creation of protostellar disks generally occur in a crowded environment. Nearby young stars and protostars can influence the disks of their closets neighbors by a combination of outflows and hard radiation. The central stars themselves can have a stellar wind and may produce sufficient UV and X-ray to ultimately destroy their surrounding disks. Here we describe the results of numerical simulations of the influence that an external UV source and a central star's wind can have on its circumstellar disk. The numerical method (axial symmetry assumed) is described elsewhere. We find that protostellar disks will be destroyed on a relatively short time scale (~ 10(sup 5)yr) unless they are well shielded from O-stars. Initially isotropic T-Tauri winds do not significantly influence their disks, but instead are focused toward the rotation axis by the disk wind from photoevaporation.
Histone ubiquitylation and its roles in transcription and DNA damage response

DNA in human cells is constantly assaulted by endogenous and exogenous DNA damaging agents. It is vital for the cell to respond rapidly and precisely to DNA damage to maintain genome integrity and reduce the risk of mutagenesis. Sophisticated reactions occur in chromatin surrounding the damaged site leading to the activation of DNA damage response (DDR), including transcription reprogramming, cell cycle checkpoint, and DNA repair. Histone proteins around the DNA damage play essential roles in DDR, through extensive post-translational modifications (PTMs) by a variety of modifying enzymes. One PTM on histones, mono-ubiquitylation, has emerged as a key player in cellular response to DNA damage. In this review, we will (1) briefly summarize the history of histone H2A and H2B ubiquitylation (H2Aub and H2Bub, respectively), (2) discuss their roles in transcription, and (3) their functions in DDR.