cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cyber victimization and aggression: are they linked with adolescent smoking and drinking?

Adolescent substance use represents a significant public health concern. Growing research has linked peer victimization with substance use among youth; however, less attention has been devoted to the role of cyber victimization specifically, while controlling for peer aggression. This study examined the unique associations between cyber victimization and adolescent smoking and drinking, controlling for traditional peer victimization types and for peer aggression. Participants were 1064 9th–12th graders, who completed self-report measures assessing peer victimization, peer aggression, and the frequency of cigarette and alcohol use. Censored regression analyses were used to evaluate study aims. Greater cyber victimization was related to greater smoking, drinking, and binge drinking, controlling for traditional forms of peer victimization, but not when controlling for peer aggression. Cyber aggression emerged as a unique correlate of all substance use outcomes. Cyber victimization and cyber aggression co-occur with adolescent cigarette and alcohol use; however, only cyber aggression demonstrates unique associations. Findings suggest that prevention programs for adolescent substance use might evaluate and potentially target adolescents’ victimization and aggression, especially in the cyber realm. Adolescent substance use may be important to evaluate and monitor in anti-bullying and victimization interventions.
Radiation pneumonitis (RP) in lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy (CT) and thoracic radiation (TR): Retrospective analyses of patients treated at a comprehensive cancer center

19642 Background: Combined CT and TR is the current standard for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and SCLC. Severe RP, an important adverse effect of TR, is reported in clinical ...
Analysis of Immune Cells from Human Mammary Ductal Epithelial Organoids Reveals Vδ2+ T Cells That Efficiently Target Breast Carcinoma Cells in the Presence of Bisphosphonate

Developing strategies to enhance cancer prevention is a paramount goal, particularly given recent concerns about surgical treatment of preinvasive states such as ductal carcinoma in situ. Promoting effective immunosurveillance by leukocytes that scan for nascent neoplastic transformations represents a potential means to achieve this goal. Because most breast cancers arise within the ductal epithelium, enhancing protective immunosurveillance will likely necessitate targeting one or more of the distinctive lymphocyte types found in these sites under normal conditions. Here, we have characterized the intraepithelial lymphocyte compartment of non-cancerous human breast tissue and identified a subset of T lymphocytes that can be pharmacologically targeted to enhance their responses to breast cancer cells. Specifically, Vδ2(+) γδ T cells were consistently present in preparations of mammary ductal epithelial organoids and they proliferated in response to zoledronic acid, an aminobisphosphonate drug. Vδ2(+) T cells from breast ductal organoids produced the antitumor cytokine IFNγ and efficiently killed bisphosphonate-pulsed breast carcinoma cells. These findings demonstrate the potential for exploiting the ability of Vδ2(+) γδ T cells to respond to FDA-approved bisphosphonate drugs as a novel immunotherapeutic approach to inhibit the outgrowth of breast cancers.
Industrial Relations in a Multi-Racial Society

THE SUBJECT on which I am to speak is largely political, and perhaps on that account it is rash of me to tackle it. I am a politician as well as a business man, and have taken some part in the bitter controversy about race relations which has dominated South African politics for the last ten years. Obviously it would be inappropriate for me to use this occasion to pursue the South African political struggle but, on the other hand, you will no doubt expect me to speak my mind plainly. I must confess to being rather nervous of the delicate balancing act which is involved, but I shall do my best. I shall confine myself to the Union of South Africa and the Rhodesian Federation, the countries of which I have first-hand experience. Even so my field is immensely wide. It will, therefore, I think, be best if I start off by stating what I believe the proper objective of policy to be in Southern Africa. It is to secure the economic, cultural and social development of all the races concerned to the full extent of their capabilities in a manner which will not adversely affect the high standards already established for the Europeans. This objective can only be attained by co-operation between the races in all spheres of the national life. You may well think that by these generalities I have done little to narrow down my huge field to manageable proportions. I would therefore at once point out that, widely as I have cast my net, I have already assumed away the whole political issue in the Union of South Africa and, at the same time, have tacitly rejected the claims of African nationalism. The political issue in South Africa does not turn on the problems of a multi-racial society but on the anterior question of whether any sort of multi-racial society is desirable or indeed, in the long run, possible. The Nationalist Party Government in South Africa says emphatically that it is not, and similarly the Black nationalists reject the whole concept of a multi-racial society, and, going even further in their point of view than the extreme White nationalists in theirs, claim all Southern Africa for a Black nation alone. No political party in South Africa seeks-in theory anyhow-to deny the Africans the fullest development of which they are capable, but it is the contention of the Government Nationalist Party, the protagonists of the doctrine of apartheid, that the full potentialities of the Africans will only be realised if the two races live in separate areas of their own and work out their individual destinies in their own way. As a theory this is certainly attractive. The problems of a multi-racial society are intractable and involve
A Computerized Approach for the Assessment and Evaluation of Job Performance Aids

An approach which combines the salient features of predetermined time and motion systems and a simulation modeling algorithm is presented for the evaluation and assessment of job performance aids (JPAs). Description of the approach, its assumptions, and the computer algorithm used are discussed and detailed. The validity of the approach was ascertained in a companion experimental study which evaluated four types of JPAs: (1) all print, (2) all pictorial, (3) print and pictorial combined, and (4) a hybrid group which used pictorial on easy tasks and pictorial on the more difficult tasks. Results of the validation study demonstrates the accuracy and adequacy of the approach for dealing with JPA design problems. The approach, as presented, can be used to optimally locate points of need for JPAs within maintenance systems. It can also be used to study the effects of various scheduling and allocation policies on human performance and its reliability, while utilizing various alternatives of JPA design.
Dorsal Column Mapping for Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumor Resection Decreases Dorsal Column Dysfunction

Study DesignRetrospective cohort study and technical report.ObjectiveTo demonstrate, through our institutional series of intramedullary spinal tumor resection, the potential avoidance of dorsal column dysfunction after using dorsal column mapping.Summary of Background DataSurgical resection of intra
Analysis of Reducing Linux Kernel Latency

This paper indicates that scheduler latency causes Linux not suit to real-time application , and then presents two ways to resolve this problem. This paper gives two examples to explain the principle of two methods, and evaluates both patches by test.
A Four-Sensor Skeleton Configuration for Single Dipole Localization

Magnetic dipole localization is used in the study of epileptic foci, cardiac arrythmias, lung contaminants, and gastrointestinal motility. The source of the magnetic field is described in terms of a limited number of parameters, which are found by the use of an appropriate least squares search method [1]. The number of parameters for a magnetic dipole in three-dimensional space is six (three position parameters, two orientation parameters and one dipole moment). We have devised a method to localize a single magnetic dipole that reduces the number of parameters to three.
Will dentistry be left behind at the healthcare station

The emerging opportunities for biological approaches to managing oral health were clearly apparent fifteen years ago. Responses in this direction have been tardy because of the economic prosperity of dental practice and the financial constraints on dental education. Representative existing and promising biology based technology is described. It is argued that education must be changed to teach the context and understanding of this technology. The alternative will be to concede important aspects of oral health care to physicians and others trained in their use.
Thermal Conductivity of Liquid – Organic Compounds

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the values of thermal conductivity of liquid (organic compounds) in tabular form. For the tabulation, an equation is selected for thermal conductivity of liquid as a function of temperature. The tabulation is arranged by carbon number such as C, C2, and C3 to provide ease of use in quickly locating the data by using the chemical formula. The compound name and chemical abstracts registry number (CAS No) are also provided in tabular form. Values for regression coefficients are given in the adjacent columns. The temperature range for use is also given in the columns (TMIN and TMAX). The equation should not be used for temperatures outside this range. The next column provides the code for the tabulation. The last three columns provide values for thermal conductivity of liquid at representative temperatures. The tabulation is applicable to gas at low pressure. Data for liquid thermal conductivities available at temperatures in the region of the melting point are very limited. Also, very few experimental data are available at temperatures above a reduced temperature of 0.65. Thus, the values in the regions of melting point and reduced temperatures above 0.65 should be considered rough approximations. The values in the intermediate region above melting point and below reduced temperature of 0.65 are more accurate. A comparison of calculated and data values is also presented for a representative compound. The graph shows favorable agreement of equation and data.
Trevrizent’s “Retraction”: Interpolation or Narrative Strategy?

Trevrizent’s “retraction” in Book XVI of Wolfram’s Parzival is frequently considered a later authorial interpolation on account of its many inconsistencies. A differentiation between Wolfram and Trevrizent as narrator and fictional narrator-figure allows the hermit and his retraction to be viewed as a fallible but integral part of Wolfram’s teleologically oriented romance.
URI Regulates KAP1 Phosphorylation and Transcriptional Repression via PP2A Phosphatase in Prostate Cancer Cells

URI (unconventional prefoldin RPB5 interactor protein) is an unconventional prefoldin, RNA polymerase II interactor that functions as a transcriptional repressor and is part of a larger nuclear protein complex. The components of this complex and the mechanism of transcriptional repression have not been characterized. Here we show that KAP1 (KRAB-associated protein 1) and the protein phosphatase PP2A interact with URI. Mechanistically, we show that KAP1 phosphorylation is decreased following recruitment of PP2A by URI. We functionally characterize the novel URI-KAP1-PP2A complex, demonstrating a role of URI in retrotransposon repression, a key function previously demonstrated for the KAP1-SETDB1 complex. Microarray analysis of annotated transposons revealed a selective increase in the transcription of LINE-1 and L1PA2 retroelements upon knockdown of URI. These data unveil a new nuclear function of URI and identify a novel post-transcriptional regulation of KAP1 protein that may have important implications in reactivation of transposable elements in prostate cancer cells.
Hanji—The Art of the Wind

The purpose of designing Hanji – The Art of the Wind, was to explore an innovative design approach incorporating a concept of sustainability and textile science. More specifically, this study is to verify that combination of Hanji yarn (made with Paper Mulberry by Korean traditional paper making techniques) and Body Mapping Approach contributes to the (a) eco-friendly design, (b) aesthetic appeal, and (c) technical performance of the garment.
Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis in General

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disorder and is a leading cause of disability in the adult population. It is now appreciated that all components of the joint, including the cartilage, calcified cartilage, synovial joint lining, and periarticular bone, undergo pathological changes during the initiation and progression of OA. Some of these alterations can be attributed to direct injury and mechanical disruption of the tissues, but in general the mechanisms are dependent on active cell-mediated processes that occur during the long time course of the disease. Based on clinical observations and experimental studies, it is now recognized that it is possible for individual patients to exhibit common sets of symptoms and structural abnormalities due to distinct pathophysiological pathways that act independently or in combination. Recent research focusing on the underlying pathological mechanisms has identified complex signaling networks involving biochemical cross talk among the cartilage, synovium, bone, and other joint tissues. These complex networks involve interplay among anabolic, catabolic, and inflammatory signals within a background of poorly characterized genetic factors. A deeper understanding of the specific and unique roles of these mediators and their downstream targets will provide mechanistic insights into the pathologic processes that affect the cartilage and other joint tissues in OA but also may identify potential therapeutic targets for treatment of this debilitating disease.
NBS1 Phosphorylation Status Dictates Repair Choice of Dysfunctional Telomeres

Telomeres employ TRF2 to protect chromosome ends from activating the DNA damage sensor MRE11-RAD50-NBS1 (MRN), thereby repressing ATM-dependent DNA damage checkpoint responses. How TRF2 prevents MRN activation at dysfunctional telomeres is unclear. Here, we show that the phosphorylation status of NBS1 determines the repair pathway choice of dysfunctional telomeres. The crystal structure of the TRF2-NBS1 complex at 3.0 A resolution shows that the NBS1 429YQLSP433 motif interacts specifically with the TRF2TRFH domain. Phosphorylation of NBS1 serine 432 by CDK2 in S/G2 dissociates NBS1 from TRF2, promoting TRF2-Apollo/SNM1B complex formation and the protection of leading-strand telomeres. Classical-NHEJ-mediated repair of telomeres lacking TRF2 requires phosphorylated NBS1S432 to activate ATM, while interaction of de-phosphorylated NBS1S432 with TRF2 promotes alternative-NHEJ repair of telomeres lacking POT1-TPP1. Our work advances understanding of how the TRF2TRFH domain orchestrates telomere end protection and reveals how the phosphorylation status of the NBS1S432 dictates repair pathway choice of dysfunctional telomeres.
Long-Term Predictive and Feedback Encoding of Motor Signals in the Simple Spike Discharge of Purkinje Cells.

Abstract Most hypotheses of cerebellar function emphasize a role in real-time control of movements. However, the cerebellum’s use of current information to adjust future movements and its involvement in sequencing, working memory, and attention argues for predicting and maintaining information over extended time windows. The present study examines the time course of Purkinje cell discharge modulation in the monkey ( Macaca mulatta ) during manual, pseudo-random tracking. Analysis of the simple spike firing from 183 Purkinje cells during tracking reveals modulation up to 2 s before and after kinematics and position error. Modulation significance was assessed against trial shuffled firing, which decoupled simple spike activity from behavior and abolished long-range encoding while preserving data statistics. Position, velocity, and position errors have the most frequent and strongest long-range feedforward and feedback modulations, with less common, weaker long-term correlations for speed and radial error. Position, velocity, and position errors can be decoded from the population simple spike firing with considerable accuracy for even the longest predictive (-2000 to -1500 ms) and feedback (1500 to 2000 ms) epochs. Separate analysis of the simple spike firing in the initial hold period preceding tracking shows similar long-range feedforward encoding of the upcoming movement and in the final hold period feedback encoding of the just completed movement, respectively. Complex spike analysis reveals little long-term modulation with behavior. We conclude that Purkinje cell simple spike discharge includes short- and long-range representations of both upcoming and preceding behavior that could underlie cerebellar involvement in error correction, working memory, and sequencing.
Diabetes mellitus in Native Americans: The problem and its implications

Since World War II, diabetes has become one of the most common serious diseases among Native Americans. Rates of diabetes and its complications, which include premature death, renal failure, and limb amputation, are substantially higher among Native Americans than among the US general population, and the frequency of diabetes among Native Americans is increasing. Several potentially modifiable factors, including obesity, dietary composition, and physical inactivity, are thought to be contributing to these high rates. The potential benefit from prevention of diabetes is considerable, and a population-based approach may be the most effective way of achieving sustainable lifestyle changes among Native Americans. Estimation of the social and economic costs of diabetes and assessment of the marginal costs and benefits of various diabetes control measures can support resource allocation decisions aimed at improving the health of Native American people.
The Homefront: Role 4 and 5 Care

The nature of wartime military trauma care leads to distinct clinical and logistical challenges. Transferring a casualty through staged, geographically disparate sites of care can impair communication and impact clinical decision-making. It is impossible to know with certainty what has fully transpired before you receive a patient. Although a segmental and dynamic trauma system is in place, the potential for fragmented care requires thorough review of the patient and extreme vigilance on the part of the clinician. When the patient reaches the Role 4 facility, any missed or neglected details must be captured and corrected. Although the process of medical evacuation and communication of the downrange events and interventions became very streamlined during the decade-plus of combat operations in OIF and OEF, this was not so in the early years of the conflicts and would not be expected to be any better in the early phases of the next conflict. The final destination of the “acute care” phase for these patients is the Role 5 facility in the United States. Although much of the analysis discussion of combat care has been focused on the Role 1 through Role 3 levels, the care at the Role 5 level is equally as important and in many ways substantially more difficult. The management of multiple body system injuries, chronic wound and wound complication management, head-to-toe evaluations including behavioral and neuropsychiatric, amputation and prosthetics management, and many others all need to be executed and coordinated to maximize the rehabilitation and recovery from what are often devastating injuries.
The Utilization of Technological Innovations to Support College Student Mental Health: Mobile Health Communication

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the use of mobile health (mHealth) for communicating wellness-related resources and mental health interventions to college students. An extensive review was conducted of electronic databases and the annual reviews from randomly selected college counseling centers across the United States. Results revealed that mHealth is a promising resource for infusing technology into the delivery of mental health support services. Recommendations for integrating mHealth into the delivery of mental health support services on college campuses are provided.
Quality of caregiver-child play interactions with toddlers born preterm and full term: Antecedents and language outcome.

Abstract Background Preterm birth may leave long-term effects on the interactions between caregivers and children. Language skills are sensitive to the quality of caregiver-child interactions. Aims Compare the quality of caregiver-child play interactions in toddlers born preterm (PT) and full term (FT) at age 22 months (corrected for degree of prematurity) and evaluate the degree of association between caregiver-child interactions, antecedent demographic and language factors, and subsequent language skill. Study design A longitudinal descriptive cohort study. Subjects 39 PT and 39 FT toddlers individually matched on sex and socioeconomic status (SES). Outcome measures The outcome measures were dimensions of caregiver-child interactions, rated from a videotaped play session at age 22 months in relation to receptive language assessments at ages 18 and 36 months. Results Caregiver intrusiveness was greater in the PT than FT group. A composite score of child interactional behaviors was associated with a composite score of caregiver interactional behaviors. The caregiver composite measure was associated with later receptive vocabulary at 36 months. PT-FT group membership did not moderate the association between caregiver interactional behavior and later receptive vocabulary. Conclusions The quality of caregiver interactional behavior had similar associations with concurrent child interactional behavior and subsequent language outcome in the PT and FT groups. Greater caregiver sensitivity/responsiveness, verbal elaboration, and less intrusiveness support receptive language development in typically developing toddlers and toddlers at risk for language difficulty.
Changing Structures and Processes to Support Family Caregivers of Seriously Ill Patients

Abstract Background: Although family caregivers provide a significant portion of health and support services to adults with serious illness, they are often marginalized by existing healthcare systems and procedures. Objective: We examine the role of caregivers in existing systems of care, identify needed changes in structures and processes, and describe how these changes might be monitored and assessed and who should be accountable for implementing them. Design: Based on a broad assessment of the caregiving literature, the recent National Academy of Sciences Report on family caregiving, and descriptive data from two national surveys, we describe structural and process barriers that limit caregivers' ability to provide effective care. Subjects: To describe the unique challenges and impacts of caring for seriously ill patients, we report data from a nationally representative sample of older adults and their caregivers (National Health and Aging Trends Study [NHATS]; National Study of Caregiving [NSOC]) to i...
Growth in the Perception of Cyber Risk: Evidence from U.S. P&C Insurers

The perception of cyber risk has increased in the economy and especially in insurance firms. Using data from publicly traded U.S. property–casualty (P&C) insurers, we examine the trend in cyber risk identification from 2006 to 2015, as well as firms’ characteristics related to cyber risk perception. Roughly one-quarter of our sample identified cyber risk as a material risk factor in 2006, and this group of our sample grew to include substantially all insurers by 2013. The firms that were “early adopters” of cyber risk identification tend to be the smaller, more highly leveraged and higher growth firms. These firms are also more concentrated in their line of business portfolio and use less external reinsurance. This evidence may suggest that the early identifiers of cyber risk were the most sensitive to potential disruption based on their size or firm risk.
Optimally configuring a measurement system to detect diversions from a nuclear fuel cycle

The civilian nuclear fuel cycle is an industrial process that produces electrical power from the nuclear fission of uranium. Using a measurement system to accurately account for possibly dangerous nuclear material, such as uranium, in a fuel cycle is important because of its possible loss or diversion. A measurement system is defined by a set of measurement methods, or “devices,” used to account for material flows and inventory values at specific locations at facilities in the fuel cycle. We develop a simulation-optimization algorithm and an integer-programming model to find the best, or near-best, resource-limited measurement system with a high degree of confidence. The simulation-optimization algorithm minimizes a weighted sum of false positive and false negative diversion-detection probabilities while accounting for material quantities and measurement errors across a finite, discrete time horizon in hypothetical non-diversion and diversion contexts. In each time period, the estimated cumulative material unaccounted for is compared to a fixed or an optimized threshold value to assess if a “significant amount of material” is lost from a measurement system. The integer-programming model minimizes the population variance of the estimated material loss, i.e., material unaccounted for, in a measurement system. We analyze three potential problems in nuclear fuel cycle measurement systems: (i) given location-dependent device precisions, find the configuration of n devices at n locations ( $$n=3$$ ) that provides the lowest corresponding objective values using the simulation-optimization algorithm and integer-programming model, (ii) find the location at which improving device precision reduces objective values the most using the simulation-optimization algorithm (given the device accuracy is 100%), and (iii) determine the effect of measurement frequency on measurement system configurations and objective values using the simulation-optimization algorithm. We obtain comparable results for each problem at least an order of magnitude faster than existing methods do. Using an optimized, rather than a fixed, detection threshold in the simulation-optimization algorithm reduces the weighted sum of false positive and false negative probabilities.
Comment on the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2013-2017

This is a comment upon Performance Goal 4.3 from the Federal Housing Finance Agency’s Strategic Plan: Fiscal Years 2013-2017. Performance Goal 4.3 addresses the future of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac as well as the future of the infrastructure of the residential housing finance market. This comment will address the future of Fannie and Freddie after they exit conservatorship. Once analyzed in the context of regulatory theory, Fannie and Freddie’s future seems clear. They should be privatized so that they can compete on an even playing field with other financial institutions, and their public functions should be assumed by pure government actors. This comment will also look at the future of the thirty-year fixed-rate mortgage, the lock-in, and the low-down-payment mortgage.
Weak binding gases as modulators of hemoglobin function

Studies are reported in which the mechanisms of binding of inert gaseous agents to hemoglobin and myoglobin are investigated. Specific binding sites are mapped. Possible effects on sickle cell formation and oxygen binding are discussed. (ACR)
An integrated approach to algorithmic design and environmental analysis

This paper describes the motivation and design of DesignScript, an end-user domain-specific programming language for algorithmic architectural and geometric design. Furthermore, the integration and use of DesignScript within the context of an environmental analysis software application is described that invokes a representative subset of analysis functionality.
Integration by Trigonometric Substitution

One of the most contentious issues in the introduction of computer algebra into the calculus classroom is that of “methods of integration.” For some, the unit on methods of integration is a sacred rite of passage from the ignorance of the laity into the exhalted state of high-priesthood. For others, the concept of a change of variables in an integral is sufficient, as long as there are good tables of integrals or powerful computer algebra systems available.
Multi-Target Tracking for High Frequency Active Systems

Abstract : The purpose of the effort reported here is to investigate modern multi-target tracking algorithms for high frequency active applications. High frequency active sensor systems are currently being evaluated by the Navy to meet the Sea Power 21 Sea Shield objectives for force protection and port security. These systems have elementary baseline tracking capabilities and could benefit from incorporating an advanced acoustic multi-target tracking algorithm designed for distributed active sensors. The incorporation of an improved tracking capability is aimed at reducing the high rate of false tracks being reported during system testing. This effort used active measurements from prototype active sonar sensors to demonstrate true multi-target tracking on structured test data provided by ARL/UT, assess overall tracking performance and identify areas requiring algorithm improvements.
A method for observing below-ground pest-predator interactions in corn agroecosystems.

A method was developed and evaluated in no-tillage corn fields to investigate the possibility of direct observations of below-ground pest-predator interactions. Rectangular-shaped plexiglass plates...
Prophylactic amnioinfusion for oligohydramnios: a reevaluation.

Objective To compare the effects of prophylactic amnioinfusion to standard care plus indicated therapeutic amnioinfusion (for variable decelerations) in term patients with oligohydramnios. Methods One hundred sixteen term gestations with oligohydramnios (amniotic fluid index less than 5.0 cm) were randomly assigned to receive prophylactic saline amnioinfusion (600-mL bolus followed by 3 mL/minute) or standard obstetric care (control). Control patients who subsequently developed moderate or severe variable decelerations received therapeutic amnioinfusion. Results There was no significant difference in overall cesarean delivery (21 versus 17%; P = .68), cesarean delivery for fetal distress (7 versus 10%; P = .83), or umbilical gas values between the prophylactic amnioinfusion group (N = 56) and control group (N = 60), respectively. The rate of intrapartum fever was significantly increased among the prophylactic amnioinfusion patients (23 versus 7%; P = .02), although the duration of intrauterine monitoring (8.8 versus 6.5 hours; P = .06) and time from ruptured membranes to delivery (12.3 versus 14.3 hours; P = .51) were not different. Only 22% of the controls developed moderate or severe variable decelerations in the first stage of labor and received therapeutic amnioinfusion. Thus, in approximately four of five term patients with oligohydramnios, neither prophylactic nor therapeutic amnioinfusion would be indicated. Conclusions Compared to indicated amnioinfusion, prophylactic amnioinfusion did not improve perinatal outcome. Amnioinfusion should be reserved for term laboring patients with variable fetal heart rate decelerations, rather than all patients with oligohydramnios.
Effectiveness of a Staff Resilience Program in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

Abstract Background Compassion fatigue (CF) and secondary traumatic stress (STS) is prevalent in intensive care nurses, especially in pediatric intensive care nurses (PICU). CF, which includes STS and burnout, leads to reduced employee engagement and nursing turnover. Purpose The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a staff resilience program on nursing turnover, employee engagement and compassion satisfaction among nurses in a PICU. Design and methods A retrospective pre-test and post-test design was used to evaluate the impact of a staff resilience program on turnover, engagement, and Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL), which measured compassion satisfaction and compassion fatigue. Results RN turnover was reduced and employee engagement was improved, although the differences were not statistically significant. The aggregate scores of the ProQOL indicated the RN's had low levels of CF with high levels of compassion satisfaction post implementation of the resilience program. Years of work experience was positively associated with compassion satisfaction and work engagement. Conclusions Education regarding the prevention of CF and burnout coupled with interventions designed to promote resilience can be effective in reducing CF and in building compassion satisfaction. Practice implications Doing an assessment of compassion fatigue and following up with the implementation of interventions to build staff resilience and promote psychological health can lead to positive outcomes, as demonstrated by the increase in work engagement and compassion satisfaction when burnout and CF decreased.
Rapid biotransformation of the insensitive munitions compound, 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO), by wastewater sludge.

As the use of the new insensitive munitions compound 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (NTO) increases, wastewaters, runoff and groundwater containing NTO will be generated. Little is known about the fate of NTO during biological wastewater treatment. The objective of this study was to explore the ability of wastewater sludges to promote the biotransformation of NTO. Three different sludges, i.e., anaerobic granular sludge, anaerobic digested sludge, and return activated sludge, were used to study the biotransformation of NTO under anaerobic conditions. Three different electron donor amendments were compared- hydrogen, ethanol, and acetate. Mixed microbial communities in each of the three sludge sources were effective in the reductive biotransformation of NTO. 3-amino-1,2,4-triazol-5-one (ATO) was observed as the major product of NTO biotransformation. The highest maximum specific rate of NTO reduction, about 120 mg NTO/g volatile suspended solids/d, was observed in anaerobic granular sludge with hydrogen or ethanol supplied as electron donors. NTO biotransformation to ATO by anaerobic digested sludge was also studied under denitrifying conditions. In this case, reduction of NTO started only after complete denitrification of added nitrate. An important implication of this paper is that sludge from wastewater treatment plants can rapidly and readily reduce NTO to ATO.
The Development and Evaluation of a New ASL Text Comprehension Task

Work in literacy education over the past two decades has radically shifted the notion of literacy, broadening it to include the ability to engage with compositions in various media (e.g., not only traditional texts like books and articles but also vlogs, blogs, graphic novels etc.). The notion that literacy can apply to non-written compositions has led some to wonder about the development of “reading comprehension” of texts in languages like American Sign Language (ASL) that do not have a written form. However, there are no existing assessments of ASL text comprehension. In this paper, we introduce the ASL-CMP, a new assessment tool to measure American Sign Language (ASL) text comprehension ability in deaf children. We first administered the task to a group of deaf children with deaf parents (n = 105, ages 8-18 years) in order to evaluate the reliability and validity of the task, and to develop norms. We found that the ASL-CMP has acceptable levels of internal consistency, difficulty, and discriminability. Next, we administered the task to an additional group of deaf children with hearing parents (n = 198, ages 8-18 years), and found that the ASL-CMP is sensitive to expected patterns: older children have better ASL text comprehension skills, literal questions are generally easier to answer than inferential questions, and children with early exposure to ASL generally outperform those with delayed exposure. We conclude that the ASL-text comprehension task is reliable and valid and can be used to characterize comprehension skills in ASL in deaf children ages 8-12.
The evolving role of the lung microbiome in pulmonary fibrosis

Mucosal surfaces are constantly exposed to a microbiome consisting of microorganisms that heavily influence human immunity and health. In the lung these microorganisms consist of bacteria, viruses,...
Synthesis and characterization of a tert- butyl ester-substituted titanocene dichloride: t-BuOOC Cp 2 TiCl 2

Bis[η5-(tert-butoxyca-rbonyl)-cyclo-penta-dien-yl]di-chlorido-titanium(IV), [Ti(C10H13O2)2Cl2], was synthesized from LiCpCOOt-Bu using TiCl4, and was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The distorted tetra-hedral geometry about the central titanium atom is relatively unchanged compared to Cp2TiCl2. The complex exhibits elongation of the titanium-cyclo-penta-dienyl centroid distances [2.074 (3) and 2.070 (3) A] and a contraction of the titanium-chlorine bond lengths [2.3222 (10) A and 2.3423 (10) A] relative to Cp2TiCl2. The dihedral angle formed by the planes of the Cp rings [52.56 (13)°] is smaller than seen in Cp2TiCl2. Both ester groups extend from the same side of the Cp rings, and occur on the same side of the complex as the chlorido ligands. The complex may serve as a convenient synthon for titanocene complexes with carboxyl-ate anchoring groups for binding to metal oxide substrates.
Digestibility of Amino Acids in Protein-Rich Feed Ingredients Originating from Animals, Peanut Flour, and Full-Fat Soybeans Fed to Pigs

Standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in alternative protein sources for growing pigs was determined in this study. Diets containing egg albumen (EA), casein, blood meal (BM), and blood plasma meal (BPM) and a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) were fed to 20 barrows in a quadruplicate 5 × 2 incomplete Latin square design with two periods in experiment 1. The SID of AA was greater in casein than other ingredients (p < 0.05), except Pro. The SID of Arg, Ile, and Met was lower (p < 0.05) in EA than BM and BPM. The SID of Trp in BM was greater (p < 0.05) than EA but not different from BPM. In experiment 2, 20 pigs were fed diets containing peanut flour (PF) or full-fat soybeans (FFSB) or NFD in a randomized complete block design with body weight as a blocking factor but providing six observations for NFD. The SID of Arg, Ileu, Leu, Met, Phe, and Val was greater (p < 0.05) in PF than FFSB. The SID of Lys was greater (p < 0.05) in FFSB than PF. In summary, the test ingredients contain readily digestible AA and could serve as alternative protein sources for growing pigs.
Impact of Single-Family Home Foreclosures on Apartment Rents

We examine the impacts of single-family home foreclosures on rents for 513 apartment buildings in Shelby County, Tennessee from 2001 through 2016. We find significant, positive nonlinear relationsh...
Mindfulness, Compassion, and Embodiment Practices in Contemplative Psychotherapy: Shifting Self-Enclosed Processing to Relational Processing at All Levels of the Human Mind-Brain

As evidence for the health benefits of mindfulness grows, more and more psychotherapists of all orientations are integrating mindfulness practices into their work to help clients accelerate healing and deepen transformation. This chapter reviews the clinical neuropsychology of the mindfulness revolution, focusing on the latest advances in contemplative psychotherapy based on the integration of relational forms of mindfulness—mindful dialogue, mindful compassion, and mindful embodiment.
RIFFS: A Theory of Instruction and Reference for Step Progression in Tap Dance

This article analyzes how dance educators and tap dance experts can break down teaching riffs for students of all ages. Riffs are defined, explained, and are presented in three layers: the steps, t...
Using numerical methods to design simulations: revisiting the balancing intercept.

We consider methods for generating draws of a binary random variable whose expectation conditional on covariates follows a logistic regression model with known covariate coefficients. We examine approximations for finding a "balancing intercept," that is, a value for the intercept of the logistic model that leads to a desired marginal expectation for the binary random variable. We show that a recently proposed analytical approximation can produce inaccurate results, especially when targeting more extreme marginal expectations or when the linear predictor of the regression model has high variance. We describe and implement a numerical approximation based on Monte Carlo methods that appears to work well in practice. Our approach to the basic problem of the balancing intercept provides an example of a broadly applicable strategy for formulating and solving problems that arise in the design of simulation studies used to evaluate or teach epidemiologic methods.
HIGHWAYS, BRIDGES, AND FERRIES Regulation of Maintenance and Use of Public Roads Generally: Change Duty and Processes of Maintaining Railroad Grade Crossings

The Act allows local government authorities to eliminate grade crossings in the interest of public safety and to order railroad authorities to comply with maintenance requirements. It also provides penalties for railroads that do not comply. A railroad that does not comply with the order of the local authority after the Department of Transportation has reviewed and approved the order faces a fine of $500 per day for each day it does not comply.
Citation Analysis of Biomedical Publications: A Customer Oriented Service in Medical Libraries

About ten years ago, being a librarian of a medical school in Germany, I was asked for the first time by the dean of the medical faculty to help evaluating the scientific work of applicants for professor’s chairs. I reacted very reservedly at that time. Until then, I had understood my professional role as an administrator of the mass of incoming literature not regarding the individual paper and even less helping to assess the quality of individual authors.
Which Original Meaning of the Constitution Matters to Justice Thomas

This essay was published as part of a symposium hosted by the New York University Journal of Law and Liberty in March 2009. The journal citation is: Gregory E. Maggs, Which Original Meaning Matters to Justice Thomas?, 4 N.Y.U. J. L. & Liberty 494 (2009). The essay addresses a basic question about Justice Clarence Thomas’s originalist jurisprudence. When Justice Thomas looks for the original meaning of the Constitution, does he seek (a) the meaning intended by the Framers at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (“original intent”), (b) the meaning as understood by the delegates to the thirteen state ratifying conventions (“original understanding”), (c) the objective meaning of the Constitution’s text at the time of its adoption (“objective meaning”), or (d) some other type of original meaning? The answer to this question may be helpful in predicting the outcome of constitutional issues that might come before the Supreme Court and benefit litigants deciding what arguments to make to the Court. The answer also may contribute to scholarly assessments of the theory behind Justice Thomas’s decisions. My research leads me to conclude that the answer to date is that Justice Thomas, unlike certain other originalists, has not shown a notable preference for any of the first three kinds of original meanings listed above. Instead, Thomas has developed his own brand of originalist jurisprudence. He looks for what might be called the “general original meaning.” When Thomas decides constitutional issues, what is important to him is an agreement among multiple sources of evidence of the original meaning. Rather than focusing on whether historic documents might show the original intent of the Framers, the original understanding of the ratifiers, or the original objective meaning, Justice Thomas looks for a general meaning shown in common by all relevant sources.The essay is also publically available at the New York University Journal of Law and Liberty website.
Blackmail and Other Forms of Arm-Twisting

The canonical blackmail problem is quickly stated. Busybody says to Philanderer: "Pay me $10,000, or I'll reveal your affairs to your wife." Busybody is guilty of blackmail. What is strange, however, is that if Busybody had actually revealed Philanderer's affairs, or if he had threatened Philanderer with doing so but not mentioned the money, or if he had asked for the money but not mentioned what he was going to do if he didn't get it-if he had done any one of these things, he would not be guilty of any crime whatsoever. Yet when he combines these various innocent actions, a crime results-blackmail. How odd; how mysterious; how come? It is easy, but wrong, to think that blackmail is essentially a crime of information, that it invariably involves the threat to disclose an embarrassing fact about the victim: "Pay me $10,000, or I'll call on my men to strike"; "Pay me $10,000, or I'll flunk you on this exam"; "Pay me $10,000, or I'll cause some really bad blood at the next faculty meeting"-all of these pretty easily qualify as blackmail, though none of them involves the threatened disclosure of embarrassing facts. Quite possibly (though more controversially) blackmail even includes cases like the following: "Pay me $10,000,
Cognitive Barriers to Environmental Action: Problems and Solutions

We explore interventions at the level of the individual and focus on recognized cognitive barriers from the behavioral decision-making literature. In particular, we highlight three cognitive barriers that impede sound individual decision making that have particular relevance to behaviors impacting the environment. First, despite claiming that they want to the leave the world in good condition for future generations, people intuitively discount the future to a greater degree than can be rationally defended. Second, positive illusions lead us to conclude that energy problems do not exist or are not severe enough to merit action. Third, we interpret events in a self-serving manner, a tendency that causes us to expect others to do more than we do to solve energy problems.We then propose ways in which these biases could actually be used to our advantage in steering ourselves toward better judgment. Finally, we outline the key questions on the research frontier from the behavioral decision-making perspective, and debunk the myth that behavioral and neoclassical economic perspectives need be in conflict.
MICRORADIOGRAPHY OF PULMONARY ARTERIOLES, CAPILLARIES, AND VENULES OF THE RABBIT.

Pulmonary vessels of excised rabbit lungs were injected with a suspension of barium sulfate in gelatin. Slices 50 μ thick were radiographed at 5 kv and 2 ma using high resolution spectroscopic plates. When these plates were viewed through a microscope, pulmonary arterioles, venules and capillaries were identified. Arterioles show relatively regular branching at right angles. The capillary bed fills from short (10–20 μ long), thin (10–15 μ diameter) precapillaries arising at right angles from arterioles. The alveolar capillary network freely communicates with networks of adjacent alveoli. Several capillaries draining alveolar nets usually join forming a vessel which is broader at its origin than its insertion into a venule. These vessels, designated collecting venules join the venule at acute angler Clear differentiation of small venous vessels from adjacent small arterial vessels is possible. The capillary network between an arteriole and venule appears to span at least two alveoli.